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Ruswandi YAR, Lesmana R, Rosdianto AM, Gunadi JW, Goenawan H, Zulhendri F. Understanding the Roles of Selenium on Thyroid Hormone-Induced Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2419-2441. [PMID: 37758980 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) are known to regulate lipid metabolism. A lower amount of BAT compared to WAT, along with adipose tissue dysfunction, can result in obesity. Studies have shown that selenium supplementation protects against adipocyte dysfunction, decreases WAT triglycerides, and increases BAT triiodothyronine (T3). In this review, we discuss the relationship between selenium and lipid metabolism regulation through selenoprotein deiodinases and the role of deiodinases and thyroid hormones in the induction of adipose tissue thermogenesis. Upon 22 studies included in our review, we found that studies investigating the relationship between selenium and deiodinases demonstrated that selenium supplementation affects the iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2) protein and the expression of its associated gene, DIO2, proportionally. However, its effect on DIO1 is inconsistent while its effect on DIO3 activity is not detected. Studies have shown that the activity of deiodinases especially DIO2 protein and DIO2 gene expression is increased along with other browning markers upon white adipose tissue browning induction. Studies showed that thermogenesis is stimulated by the thyroid hormone T3 as its activity is correlated to the expression of other thermogenesis markers. A proposed mechanism of thermogenesis induction in selenium supplementation is by autophagy control. However, more studies are needed to establish the role of T3 and autophagy in adipose tissue thermogenesis, especially, since some studies have shown that thermogenesis can function even when T3 activity is lacking and studies related to autophagy in adipose tissue thermogenesis have contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Anissa R Ruswandi
- Graduate School of Master Program in Anti-Aging and Aesthetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
| | - Aziiz Mardanarian Rosdianto
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Veterinary Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Julia Windi Gunadi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Felix Zulhendri
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
- Kebun Efi, Kabanjahe, 22171, North Sumatra, Indonesia
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Demircan K, Chillon TS, Bang J, Gladyshev VN, Schomburg L. Selenium, diabetes, and their intricate sex-specific relationship. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00066-3. [PMID: 38599899 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element, which is inserted as selenocysteine (Sec) into selenoproteins during biosynthesis, orchestrating their expression and activity. Se is associated with both beneficial and detrimental health effects; deficient supply or uncontrolled supplementation raises concerns. In particular, Se was associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT). In this review, we discuss the intricate relationship between Se and diabetes and the limitations of the available clinical and experimental studies. Recent evidence points to sexual dimorphism and an association of Se deficiency with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We highlight the emerging evidence linking high Se status with improved prognosis in patients with T2D and lower risk of macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Demircan
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center, Charité University Berlin, Germany
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center, Charité University Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeyoung Bang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Max Rubner Center, Charité University Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Ge S, Zhao J, Yao J, Fu H, Tian Y, Shan Y, Sun M, Feng J, Dong J, Liao L. The association between serum selenium levels and pathological features of papillary thyroid cancer in 284 patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1242250. [PMID: 38027150 PMCID: PMC10656612 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1242250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The relationship between serum selenium levels and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), especially the pathological features, still remains controversial. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between serum selenium levels and PTC in a Chinese population. Methods Cross-sectional data of 284 patients with PTC were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University. The general clinical characteristics, serum selenium levels, and tumor pathological features were described in PTC. The association between serum selenium levels and pathological features in PTC was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Results Our results showed that the median serum selenium level was 79.15 μg/L (IQR: 71.00 - 86.98 μg/L) in PTC patients. Serum selenium levels were lower in females than males (p = 0.035). Serum selenium levels were negatively correlated with the number of lymph node metastases (p = 0.048). High serum selenium (OR = 0.397, 95%CI: 0.217 - 0.725) and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.028, 95%CI: 1.005 - 1.051) were related factors for the incidence of bilateral tumors. High serum selenium (OR = 0.320, 95%CI: 0.166 - 0.617) and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.066, 95%CI: 1.031 - 1.103) were related factors for tumor multifocal incidence. Conclusions The serum selenium levels of PTC patients in females were lower than males. High serum selenium levels might be a protective factor in PTC patients. Further research is necessary to better understand the influence of selenium on PTC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Ge
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, China
| | - Hang Fu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji-nan, China
| | - Yutian Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, China
| | - Mengli Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji-nan, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji-nan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji-nan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Ji-nan, China
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Integrative and Mechanistic Approach to the Hair Growth Cycle and Hair Loss. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030893. [PMID: 36769541 PMCID: PMC9917549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair cycle is composed of four primary phases: anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen. Anagen is a highly mitotic phase characterized by the production of a hair shaft from the hair follicle, whereas catagen and telogen describe regression and the resting phase of the follicle, respectively, ultimately resulting in hair shedding. While 9% of hair follicles reside in telogen at any time, a variety of factors promote anagen to telogen transition, including inflammation, hormones, stress, nutritional deficiency, poor sleep quality, and cellular division inhibiting medication. Conversely, increased blood flow, direct stimulation of the hair follicle, and growth factors promote telogen to anagen transition and subsequent hair growth. This review seeks to comprehensively describe the hair cycle, anagen and telogen balance, factors that promote anagen to telogen transition and vice versa, and the clinical utility of a variety of lab testing and evaluations. Ultimately, a variety of factors impact the hair cycle, necessitating a holistic approach to hair loss.
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Vasiliev RO, Drachev IS, Yugatova NY, Troshin EI, Myasnikov VA, Grebenyuk AN. The Effect of Iodine and Selenium Preparations on the Course and Outcome of Acute Radiation Damage. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Köhrle J, Frädrich C. Deiodinases control local cellular and systemic thyroid hormone availability. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:59-79. [PMID: 36206932 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO) are a family of selenoproteins controlling systemic and local availability of the major thyroid hormone l-thyroxine (T4), a prohormone secreted by the thyroid gland. T4 is activated to the active 3,3'-5-triiodothyronine (T3) by two 5'-deiodinases, DIO1 and DIO2. DIO3, a 5-deiodinase selenoenzyme inactivates both the prohormone T4 and its active form T3. DIOs show species-specific different patterns of temporo-spatial expression, regulation and function and exhibit different mechanisms of reaction and inhibitor sensitivities. The main regulators of DIO expression and function are the thyroid hormone status, several growth factors, cytokines and altered pathophysiological conditions. Selenium (Se) status has a modest impact on DIO expression and translation. DIOs rank high in the priority of selenium supply to various selenoproteins; thus, their function is impaired only during severe selenium deficiency. DIO variants, polymorphisms, SNPs and rare mutations have been identified. Development of DIO isozyme selective drugs is ongoing. A first X-ray structure has been reported for DIO3. This review focusses on the biochemical characteristics and reaction mechanisms, the relationships between DIO selenoproteins and their importance for local and systemic provision of the active hormone T3. Nutritional, pharmacological, and environmental factors and inhibitors, such as endocrine disruptors, impact DIO functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köhrle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Frädrich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) für Kardiovaskuläre-metabolische-renale Forschung in Berlin, Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, 10115, Berlin, Germany
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GOKCE NURIYE, BASGOZ NESLIHAN, KENANOGLU SERCAN, AKALIN HILAL, OZKUL YUSUF, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO, DUNDAR MUNIS. An overview of the genetic aspects of hair loss and its connection with nutrition. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E228-E238. [PMID: 36479473 PMCID: PMC9710406 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss is a widespread concern in dermatology clinics, affecting both men's and women's quality of life. Hair loss can have many different causes, which are critical to identify in order to provide appropriate treatment. Hair loss can happen due to many variables, such as genetic factors or predisposition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, skin problems, hair growth disorders, poor diet, hormonal problems, certain internal diseases, drug use, stress and depression, cosmetic factors, childbirth, and the chemotherapy process. Treatment for hair loss varies depending on the type of alopecia, deficiency, or excess of structures such as vitamins and minerals, and also on hair and skin structure. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by low amounts of saturated fat, animal protein, and high amounts of unsaturated fat, fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidants. The main nutrients found in the Mediterranean Diet are rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory components. It also has an important place in hair loss treatment, since recently treatment strategies have included polyphenols and unsaturated oils more and more frequently. The goal of this work was to review published articles examining alopecia and its types, the many micronutrients that affect alopecia, and the role of the Mediterranean diet in alopecia. The literature shows that little is known about hair loss, nutritional factors, and diet, and that the data collected are conflicting. Given these differences, research into the function of diet and nutrition in the treatment of baldness is a dynamic and growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- NURIYE GOKCE
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - NESLIHAN BASGOZ
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - SERCAN KENANOGLU
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - HILAL AKALIN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - YUSUF OZKUL
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence: Munis Dundar, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail:
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Singh A, Singh P, Kumar R, Kaushik A. Exploring nanoselenium to tackle mutated SARS-CoV-2 for efficient COVID-19 management. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1004729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite ongoing public health measures and increasing vaccination rates, deaths and disease severity caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its new emergent variants continue to threaten the health of people around the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies for research, diagnosis, treatment, and government policies to combat the variant strains of SARS-CoV-2. Since the state-of-the-art COVID-19 pandemic, the role of selenium in dealing with COVID-19 disease has been widely discussed due to its importance as an essential micronutrient. This review aims at providing all antiviral activities of nanoselenium (Nano-Se) ever explored using different methods in the literature. We systematically summarize the studied antiviral activities of Nano-Se required to project it as an efficient antiviral system as a function of shape, size, and synthesis method. The outcomes of this article not only introduce Nano-Se to the scientific community but also motivate scholars to adopt Nano-Se to tackle any serious virus such as mutated SARS-CoV-2 to achieve an effective antiviral activity in a desired manner.
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Gorini F, Vassalle C. Selenium and Selenoproteins at the Intersection of Type 2 Diabetes and Thyroid Pathophysiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061188. [PMID: 35740085 PMCID: PMC9227825 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is considered one of the largest global public-health concerns, affecting approximately more than 400 million individuals worldwide. The pathogenesis of T2D is very complex and, among the modifiable risk factors, selenium (Se) has recently emerged as a determinant of T2D pathogenesis and progression. Selenium is considered an essential element with antioxidant properties, and is incorporated into the selenoproteins involved in the antioxidant response. Furthermore, deiodinases, the enzymes responsible for homeostasis and for controlling the activity of thyroid hormones (THs), contain Se. Given the crucial action of oxidative stress in the onset of insulin resistance (IR) and T2D, and the close connection between THs and glucose metabolism, Se may be involved in these fundamental relationships; it may cover a dual role, both as a protective factor and as a risk factor of T2D, depending on its basal plasma concentration and the individual’s diet intake. In this review we discuss the current evidence (from experimental, observational and randomized clinical studies) on how Se is associated with the occurrence of T2D and its influence on the relationship between thyroid pathophysiology, IR and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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10
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Brevnova S, Vasiliev R, Тroshin Е, Yugatova N, Кaidalova О. Peculiarities of the course of acute radiation injury in mice against the background of iodine and selenium preparations. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20225103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In experiments on mice the study of the radioprotective and radiotherapeutic efficacy of the combined use of the selenium-containing feed additive DAFS-25k and the iodine-containing preparation Monclavit-1 was carried out. It has been shown that intragastric administration of DAFS-25k oil solution 3 hours before the total, external, single exposure to γ-radiation, and the subsequent (in 12 hours) intragastric administration of an aqueous solution of Monclavit-1, increases the survival rate of irradiated animals to 67% versus 17% in the control animals. The mechanisms of radioprotective efficacy are assumed to be the antioxidant activity of selenium compounds in DAFS-25k, normalization of thyroid function and relief of gastrointestinal syndrome due to the pronounced antimicrobial activity of Monclavit-1.
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Tang C, Li S, Zhang K, Li J, Han Y, Zhao Q, Guo X, Qin Y, Yin J, Zhang J. Selenium Deficiency Induces Pathological Cardiac Lipid Metabolic Remodeling and Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 66:e2100644. [PMID: 34932259 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Selenium (Se) disequilibrium is closely involved in many cardiac diseases, although its in vivo mechanism remains uncertain. Therefore, a pig model was created in order to generate a comprehensive picture of cardiac response to dietary Se deficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 24 pigs were divided into two equal groups, which were fed a diet with either 0.007 mg/kg Se or 0.3 mg/kg Se for 16 weeks. Se deficiency caused cardiac oxidative stress by blocking glutathione and thioredoxin systems and increased thioredoxin domain-containing protein S-nitrosylation. Energy production was disordered as free fatty acids were overloaded, the tricarboxylic acid cycle was strengthened, and three respiratory chain proteins enhanced S-nitrosylation. Excess free fatty acids led to increased synthesis of diacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, where the latter two are vulnerable to oxidation and caused an increase in malondialdehyde. Moreover, increased palmitic acid enhanced de novo ceramide synthesis and accumulation. Additionally, Se deficiency initiated inflammation via cytosolic DNA-sensing pathways, which activated downstream interferon regulatory factor 7 and nuclear factor kappa B. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified a lipid metabolic vulnerability and inflammation initiation pathways via Se deficiency, which may provide targets for human redox imbalance-induced cardiac disease treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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Abstract
Healthy hair results from a combination of good generalized health and mindful health care practices. Many nutritional deficiencies lead to poor hair health and include changes to hair structure, texture, and viability. Although the mechanisms by which individual nutrients contribute to hair growth and maintenance have yet to be fully resolved, there are a variety of risk factors that predispose an individual to a nutritional deficiency; age, malnutrition, malabsorption, and medication use are among the most common. A thorough history should be taken in a patient with a hair disturbance to identify risk factors for a nutritional deficiency, which will then guide directed laboratory testing and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly O'Connor
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. kelly.o'
| | - Lynne J Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Simokon MV, Trukhin AM. Analysis of essential and non-essential trace elements in the organs of a mother-fetus pair of spotted seals (Phoca largha) from the Sea of Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60622-60634. [PMID: 34164788 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 22 essential and non-essential trace elements (Be, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl, Pb, Th, U, and Hg) were measured in the organs of a mother-fetus pair (at the last trimester of pregnancy) of spotted seals from the Sea of Japan. The concentrations of eleven elements are reported for the first time. Eight organs of the pair were examined: lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen, muscles, and bones. All trace elements detected in the organs of the mother were found also in the organs of the fetus at various concentrations. Placenta is not an effective barrier to prevent non-essential elements from getting into the fetus, but can control entry of some of them, e.g., aluminum, cadmium, and mercury. In most organs of the fetus, the concentrations of toxic trace elements (beryllium, antimony, thorium, and uranium) were noticeably higher than in the same organs of the mother, which indicates that during pregnancy female removes excess of non-essential trace elements by transferring them to the fetal body through the placental barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Simokon
- Pacific Branch, Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), per. Shevchenko 4, Vladivostok, Russia, 690091
| | - Alexey M Trukhin
- V.I. Il'ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Baltiyskaya 43, Vladivostok, Russia, 690041.
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Qazi IH, Cao Y, Yang H, Angel C, Pan B, Zhou G, Han H. Impact of Dietary Selenium on Modulation of Expression of Several Non-Selenoprotein Genes Related to Key Ovarian Functions, Female Fertility, and Proteostasis: a Transcriptome-Based Analysis of the Aging Mice Ovaries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:633-648. [PMID: 32430805 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Female reproductive (ovarian) aging is characterized by a marked decline in quantity and quality of follicles and oocytes, as well as alterations in the surrounding ovarian stroma. In our previous report, we have shown that dietary selenium (Se) insufficiency and supplementation differentially impacted the reproductive efficiency in aging mice; however, the precise understanding of such modulation is still incomplete. In the present study, we sought to determine the impact of low (mildly low level) and moderately high (medium level) Se diets on expression profile of non-selenoprotein genes in the ovaries of aging mice. For this purpose, the aged mice were divided in two groups and fed either a low Se (Se-L; 0.08 mg Se/kg) diet or a moderately high Se (Se-M; 0.33 mg Se/kg) diet. RNA-seq analysis revealed that a total of 168 genes were differentially expressed between the two groups. From these, 72 and 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathways enrichment (KEGG) analyses revealed that these DEGs were enriched in several key GO terms and biological pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells, Hippo signaling pathway, ovarian steroidogenesis, and Wnt signaling pathway. Further filtering of RNA-seq data revealed that several DEGs such as Star, Hsd3b6, Scd1, Bmp7, Aqp8, Gas1, Fzd1, and Wwc1 were implicated in key ovarian- and fertility-related functions. In addition, some of the DEGs were related to ER homeostasis and/or proteostasis. These results highlight that dietary low and moderately high (medium level) Se diets, in addition to modulation of selenoproteins, can also have an impact on expression of several non-selenoprotein genes in the ovaries of aging mice. To sum up, these findings add more value to our understanding of Se modulation of ovarian functions and female fertility and will pave a way for the focused mechanistic and functional studies in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, 67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yutao Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haoxuan Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, 67210, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Bo Pan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Hongbing Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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15
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Kobayashi R, Hasegawa M, Kawaguchi C, Ishikawa N, Tomiwa K, Shima M, Nogami K. Thyroid function in patients with selenium deficiency exhibits high free T4 to T3 ratio. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 30:19-26. [PMID: 33446948 PMCID: PMC7783124 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.30.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium, one of the essential trace minerals, is present in vivo in
form of selenoproteins. Iodothyronine deiodinase, a selenoprotein, is involved in the
activation and inactivation of thyroid hormone. Therefore, patients with selenium
deficiency may present changes in thyroid hormone levels due to inhibition of T4 to T3
conversion; however, this assumption is still under debate. In the present study, we
retrospectively investigated the thyroid function in 22 patients with selenium deficiency.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 (FT4) levels were increased in 3 (14%) and 5
(23%) patients, respectively, and free T3 (FT3) levels were decreased in 6 (27%) patients.
The FT4/FT3 ratio was significantly higher in patients with selenium deficiency than that
in the control group. There appeared to be a positive correlation between the decreased
rate of selenium levels and FT4/FT3 ratio, thereby indicating that patients with severe
selenium deficiency also exhibited abnormal thyroid hormone levels. Furthermore, when
selenium was supplemented in seven patients with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, the TSH,
FT4, and FT4/FT3 ratio were significantly decreased and FT3 levels were increased.
Collectively, patients with selenium deficiency could present the characteristics of not
only low FT3 but also high FT4 and FT4/FT3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Todaiji Ryoiku Hospital for Children, Nara, Japan
| | - Mari Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Todaiji Ryoiku Hospital for Children, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoko Ishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Todaiji Ryoiku Hospital for Children, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tomiwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Todaiji Ryoiku Hospital for Children, Nara, Japan
| | - Midori Shima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Keiji Nogami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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16
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Solé-Navais P, Brantsæter AL, Caspersen IH, Lundh T, Muglia LJ, Meltzer HM, Zhang G, Jacobsson B, Sengpiel V, Barman M. Maternal Dietary Selenium Intake during Pregnancy Is Associated with Higher Birth Weight and Lower Risk of Small for Gestational Age Births in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010023. [PMID: 33374667 PMCID: PMC7822440 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element involved in the body’s redox reactions. Low selenium intake during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight and an increased risk of children being born small for gestational age (SGA). Based on data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), we studied the association of maternal selenium intake from diet and supplements during the first half of pregnancy (n = 71,728 women) and selenium status in mid-pregnancy (n = 2628 women) with birth weight and SGA status, according to population-based, ultrasound-based and customized growth standards. An increase of one standard deviation of maternal dietary selenium intake was associated with increased birth weight z-scores (ß = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.007, 0.041) and lower SGA risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.86, 0.97) after adjusting for confounders. Maternal organic and inorganic selenium intake from supplements as well as whole blood selenium concentration were not associated with birth weight or SGA. Our results suggest that a maternal diet rich in selenium during pregnancy may be beneficial for foetal growth. However, the effect estimates were small and further studies are needed to elucidate the potential impact of selenium on foetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Solé-Navais
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.S.-N.); (B.J.); (V.S.)
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway; (A.L.B.); (H.M.M.)
| | | | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Louis J. Muglia
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (L.J.M.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Office of the President, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Infection Control, Environment and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway; (A.L.B.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Ge Zhang
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Human Genetics and Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (L.J.M.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.S.-N.); (B.J.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Verena Sengpiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (P.S.-N.); (B.J.); (V.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Barman
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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17
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Ashique S, Sandhu NK, Haque SN, Koley K. A Systemic Review on Topical Marketed Formulations, Natural Products, and Oral Supplements to Prevent Androgenic Alopecia: A Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:345-365. [PMID: 33011954 PMCID: PMC7648777 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Androgens have an intense consequence on the human scalp and body hair. Scalp hair sprouts fundamentally in awol of androgens whereas the body hair hike is vulnerable to the activity of androgens. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) invoked as males emulate Alopecia due to the cause of the dynamic reduction of scalp hair. Androgens are medium of terminus growth of hair although the body. Local and system androgens convert the extensive terminal follicles into lesser vellus like structure. The out start of this type of alopecia is intensely irregular and the reason behind this existence of enough circulating steroidal hormones androgens and due to genetic predisposition. Effective treatments are available in the market as well as under clinical and preclinical testing. Many herbal formulations are also available but not FDA approved. Different conventional and NDDS formulations are already available in the market. To avoid various systemic side effects of both Finasteride and Minoxidil, topical formulations and natural products (nutrients, minerals, vitamins) now a days are being widely used to treat Androgenic alopecia. CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) provides the option to elect favorable, low-risk, adjuvant and alternative therapies. Herein, we offer a widespread review of topical marketed formulations, natural products, and CAM treatment options for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Navjot Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Sk Niyamul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700110, India
| | - Kartick Koley
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700110, India
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18
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Zeng X, Zhang X, Fan B, Li Y, Jia Z, Huang W, Liu J, Liu G. Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Selenite in Rat Plasma and Tissues After Intragastric Administration. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:494-501. [PMID: 31656014 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the absorption, distribution, excretion, and pharmacokinetics of selenite in rats after intragastric administration, and thus illustrate the efficiency of selenium (Se) supplementation. After a single gavage of sodium selenite, a concentration of Se in plasma and tissues was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at different time points. Through fitting the data with the metabolic kinetic model, the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined for plasma and tissues, including kidney, liver, heart, muscle, and gonad. While the metabolic kinetics of sodium selenite in plasma, liver, and kidney of rats was well reflected by a two-compartment open model, that in heart and gonad was fitted to a one-compartment open model, and that in muscle was fitted to a one-compartment open model with a lag time. The results indicate that sodium selenite was absorbed by plasma and tissues quickly and was eliminated slowly after intragastric administration. Based on the results, we propose that multi-supplementation of Se with low dosage is superior to single supplementation with high dosage, in terms of avoiding selenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Fan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Jia
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyao Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafa Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, #6 Zhuo Daoquan North Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Guanggu 1st road, Wuhan, 430205, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Kosik-Bogacka D, Osten-Sacken N, Łanocha-Arendarczyk N, Kot K, Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Podlasińska J, Chmielarz M, Heddergott M, Frantz AC, Steinbach P. Selenium and mercury in the hair of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and European wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) from Germany and Luxembourg. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1-12. [PMID: 31734834 PMCID: PMC6987061 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the concentration of total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se), as well as the molar ratio of Se:THg in hair samples of terrestrial animals. THg and Se concentrations were measured from the hair of raccoons (Procyon lotor) and European wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) from Germany and Luxembourg. Median THg concentrations in hair from raccoons and wildcats were 0.369 and 0.273 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw), respectively. Se concentrations were higher in the hair of raccoons than of wildcats (0.851 and 0.641 mg kg-1 dw, respectively). Total mercury concentration in hair of raccoons from Luxembourg was almost 5× higher that found in hair of raccoons from Germany; however, Se concentration was similar. Thus, molar ratio of Se:THg was ~4× higher in the hair of raccoons from Germany than those from Luxembourg. Significant negative correlation was found between THg concentration and Se:THg molar ratio in both wildcats and raccoons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Natalia Osten-Sacken
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
- Fondation faune-flore, 25 rue Muenster, L-2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kot
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Prophylaxis, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Judyma 6, 71-466, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Prophylaxis, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Judyma 6, 71-466, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Podlasińska
- Department of Ecology, Environmental Management and Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Słowackiego 17, 71-434, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Chmielarz
- Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mike Heddergott
- National Museum of Natural History, 25 Rue Münster, 2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alain C Frantz
- National Museum of Natural History, 25 Rue Münster, 2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Peter Steinbach
- University of Göttingen, Faculty of Chemistry, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Karimi F, Omrani GR. Effects of selenium and vitamin C on the serum level of antithyroid peroxidase antibody in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:481-487. [PMID: 30182359 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, has been implicated in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Most studies attributed the immune modulating effects of Se to its antioxidant properties. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of selenium supplementation or other antioxidants in patients with AIT. This clinical trial was designed to investigate the impact of Se and vitamin C supplementation on antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) level in patients with AIT. METHODS One hundred and two subjects aged 15-78 years were randomized into three groups. Group one (GI) (n = 38) was treated with 200 μg/day sodium selenite, group two (GII) (n = 36) received 500 mg vitamin C/day, and group three (GIII) (n = 28) received placebo over a 3-month period. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), TPO-Ab, antithyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) and Se concentrations were once measured before treatment and at the end of the study. RESULTS After 3 months, TPO-Ab concentrations decreased within Se and vitamin C-treated groups, but did not change in the placebo subjects. In this regard, there was no significant difference between the groups. We also did not find any statistically significant difference in TSH and Tg-Ab levels within and between the groups. At the end of the study, Se level was significantly higher in GI compared with GII and GIII. CONCLUSION Our findings supported the hypothesis of antioxidant beneficial effects of Se in AIT. However, it was not superior to vitamin C, regarding its effects on thyroid-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Karimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University, Zand Street, Namazee Square, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - G R Omrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Namazee Hospital, Shiraz University, Zand Street, Namazee Square, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Wang Y, Yang HM, Cao W, Li YB. Effects of selenium supplementation on growth performance, selenium content and gene expression in pigeon squabs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1501282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - H. M. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - W. Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Y. B. Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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22
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Gashu D, Marquis GS, Bougma K, Stoecker BJ. Selenium inadequacy hampers thyroid response of young children after iodine repletion. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:291-295. [PMID: 30262294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an integral component of iodothyronine deiodinase, glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase enzymes and thus is important for normal thyroid function. This study investigated the influence of Se inadequacy on thyroid response of iodine-replete young children. Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and Se were analyzed in 54-60 mo old children (n = 628) from the Amhara region of Ethiopia before salt iodization was commenced; analyses were repeated (n = 555) 15 mo after iodized salt became available. Iodized salt coverage increased from 12.2% to 91.6% of households. Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among children increased from 9 μg/l to 167 μg/l (p < 0.001). In addition, all thyroid indices except T3 showed significant improvement (p < 0.05). Nearly, half of the study children (49.1%) had Se inadequacy (serum Se < 70 μg/l). Serum Se was significantly correlated with T3 (r = 0.38, p < 0.001), T4 (r = 0.15, p < 0.001), TSH (r=-0.205, p < 0.001) and Tg (r= -0.11, p < 0.01) concentrations 15 mo after iodine repletion; baseline serum Se and T4(r= -0.22, p < 0.01) were inversely correlated. Despite adequate iodine status, children with low serum Se had lower serum T4 (p = 0.003) and T3(p < 0.001) but higher TSH concentration (p = 0.003). In the partial least square regression model, Se was among the latent variables significantly explaining T4 and T3. Results of the present study suggest that Se inadequacy negatively affects the thyroid metabolism of iodine-replete children and may present a substantial public health concern thus emphasize the need to consider correction of Se status for normal thyroid function as well as for benefits from its diverse biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawd Gashu
- Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
| | - Grace S Marquis
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Canada
| | - Karim Bougma
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Canada
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23
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Zheng H, Wei J, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhao J, Chen S, Wei F. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Graves' Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3763565. [PMID: 30356415 PMCID: PMC6178160 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3763565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Low selenium status is associated with increased risk of Graves' disease (GD). While several trials have discussed the efficacy of selenium supplementation for thyroid function, in GD patients, the effectiveness of selenium intake as adjuvant therapy remains unclear. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the efficacy of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in GD patients. Two reviewers searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and four Chinese databases for studies published up to October 31, 2017. RCTs comparing the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid hyperfunction in GD patients on antithyroid medication to placebo were included. Serum free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyrotrophic hormone receptor antibody (TRAb), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were assessed. Ten trials involving 796 patients were included. Random-effects meta-analyses in weighted mean difference (WMD) were performed for 3, 6, and 9 months of supplementation and compared to placebo administration. Selenium supplementation significantly decreased FT4 (WMD=-0.86 [confidence interval (CI)-1.20 to -0.53]; p=0.756; I2=0.0%) and FT3 (WMD=-0.34 [CI-0.66 to -0.02]; p=0.719; I2=0.0%) levels at 3 months, compared to placebo administration; these findings were consistent at 6 but not 9 months. TSH levels were more elevated in the group of patients taking selenium than in the control group at 3 and 6, but not 9 months. TRAb levels decreased at 6 but not 9 months. At 6 months, patients on selenium supplementation were more likely than controls to show improved thyroid function; however, the effect disappeared at 9 months. Whether these effects correlate with clinically relevant measures remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Junping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
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24
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Wang Y, Yang HM, Cao W, Li YB. Effect of selenium supplementation on pigeon reproductive performance, selenium concentration and antioxidant status. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3407-3413. [PMID: 28605550 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplementation of sodium selenite (SS) on the reproductive performance and the concentration of selenium, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined, and expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and bone morphogenic protein 15 (BMP15) was evaluated. Paired pigeons (n = 864) were fed: T1 received no SS, while T2, T3, and T4 received 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg of SS/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. Treatments were performed in triplicate with 72 pairs in each replicate. The results showed that selenium supplementation significantly affected pigeon reproductive performance. Birds fed 1.0 mg of SS/kg displayed higher egg production (P > 0.05), higher birth rate, and lower dead sperm rate than the control group (P < 0.05). Selenium and biochemical analyses revealed a higher selenium concentration in the 1.5 mg of SS/kg group than in the control group (P < 0.05), while GSH-Px was higher in the 0.5 mg of SS/kg group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Neither the MDA nor the SOD content were affected significantly in liver, chest muscle, or leg muscle (P > 0.05); however, in plasma, MDA was lower in the control group (P < 0.05), while SOD was higher in the control group (P < 0.05). qRT-PCR results revealed up-regulation of GPx4 in hypothalamus, pituitary and testis tissues in supplemented groups (P < 0.05). However, expression in ovary differed; GPx4 mRNA levels were lower in the 1.5 mg of SS/kg and control groups than in the 1.0 or 0.5 mg of SS/kg groups (P < 0.05). Expression of BMP15 in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis tissues was unaffected (P > 0.05), while in ovary, BMP15 was down-regulated in the 1.5 mg of SS/kg group (P < 0.05). These results suggest pigeons supplemented with SS up-regulated GPx4, 1.0 mg of SS/kg exhibited superior reproductive performance, while 1.5 mg of SS/kg increased the selenium concentration, and 0.5 mg of SS/kg up-regulated GSH-Px activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - H M Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China.
| | - W Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Y B Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, P. R. China
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Kawai M, Shoji Y, Onuma S, Etani Y, Ida S. Thyroid hormone status in patients with severe selenium deficiency. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2018; 27:67-74. [PMID: 29662265 PMCID: PMC5897581 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.27.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is involved in numerous biological
processes in the form of a selenoprotein such as iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO). Se
deficiency may prevent the conversion of T4 to T3 through reducing DIO expression and
thereby affecting thyroid hormone status. However, this has not been well documented in
humans. In this study, to clarify the association between Se and thyroid hormone status,
we investigated the thyroid hormone levels in patients with severe Se deficiency (< 2
µg/dl). Severe Se deficiency was associated with increases in free T4 levels, but not with
decreases and increases in free T3 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels,
respectively. Increases in free T4 levels during Se deficiency were reduced with Se
supplementation; however, neither free T3 nor TSH levels were affected. Taken together,
these findings indicate that free T4 may be a useful biomarker for Se status when serum Se
levels are severely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Shoji
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Onuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Etani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Ida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Zhang P, Guan X, Yang M, Zeng L, Liu C. Roles and potential mechanisms of selenium in countering thyrotoxicity of DEHP. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:732-739. [PMID: 29161598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a ubiquitous environmental contaminant could disturb thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis. Selenium as an essential trace element has protective effects on thyroids. To verify roles of selenium in countering thyrotoxicity of DEHP and elucidate potential mechanisms, Sprague-Dawley rats and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were treated with DEHP or/and selenomethionine (SeMet). Results showed that selenium supplementation elevated plasma free thyroxine (FT4) that was decreased by DEHP, and free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were also partially recovered. DEHP-caused histopathologic changes were ameliorated after selenium supplementation, as indicated by recovered thyroid follicular epithelial cell numbers and cavity diameters. DEHP disrupted the redox equilibrium, causing depletions of SOD, GPx1, GPx3, and TxnRd, and accumulations of MDA. Nevertheless, selenium supplementation effectively improved the redox status. DEHP affected biosynthesis, biotransformation, biotransport, and metabolism of THs, as well as thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor (TRHr) levels. Plasma selenium, thyroid peroxidase (TPO), deiodinase 1 (Dio1), and transthyretin (TTR) were downregulated, while Dio3, Ugt1a1, Sult1e1, CYP2b1, CYP3a1, and TRHr were upregulated by DEHP. However, selenium supplementation led to elevations of selenium, Dio1 and TTR, and reductions of Ugt1a1, Sult1e1, CYP2b1, and TRHr. TPO, Dio3, and CYP3a1 were not significantly affected by selenium supplementation. Taken together, selenium could ameliorate DEHP-caused TH dyshomeostasis via modulations of the redox status, Dio1, TTR, TRHr, and hepatic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xie Guan
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Key Lab of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, China.
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27
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Jobeili L, Rousselle P, Béal D, Blouin E, Roussel AM, Damour O, Rachidi W. Selenium preserves keratinocyte stemness and delays senescence by maintaining epidermal adhesion. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:2302-2315. [PMID: 29176034 PMCID: PMC5723688 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin is constantly exposed to environmental factors such as pollutants, chemicals and ultra violet radiation (UV), which can induce premature skin aging and increase the risk of skin cancer. One strategy to reduce the effect of oxidative stress produced by environmental exposure is the application of antioxidant molecules. Among the endogenous antioxidants, selenoproteins play a key role in antioxidant defense and in maintaining a reduced cellular environment. Selenium, essential for the activity of selenoproteins, is a trace element that is not synthesized by organisms and must be supplied by diet or supplementation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Selenium supplementation on skin aging, especially on keratinocytes, the main cells of the epidermis. Our results demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, the major role of Selenium on the replicative life span of keratinocytes and on aging skin. Selenium protects keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) against senescence via preservation of their stemness phenotype through adhesion to the basement membrane. Additionally, Selenium supplementation maintains the homeostasis of skin during chronological aging in our senescent skin equivalent model. Controlled supplementation with Selenium could be a new strategy to protect skin against aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Jobeili
- Cell and Tissue Bank of Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.,CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U-1060, INRA USC-1235, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, University Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - David Béal
- Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,CEA, INAC, SyMMES, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Odile Damour
- Cell and Tissue Bank of Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR 5305, CNRS, University Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,CEA, INAC, SyMMES, Grenoble, France
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Guo EL, Katta R. Diet and hair loss: effects of nutrient deficiency and supplement use. Dermatol Pract Concept 2017; 7:1-10. [PMID: 28243487 PMCID: PMC5315033 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.0701a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients presenting with hair loss should be screened by medical history, dietary history and physical exam for risk factors for nutrient deficiency. If warranted, laboratory studies may be performed. In patients with no risk factors, further laboratory evaluation searching for nutritional deficiencies is not warranted. For patients with nutritional deficiencies, it is clear that those deficiencies should be corrected. Further research is required to determine whether any benefit exists for nutrient supplementation in the absence of documented deficiency. At this time, patients must be informed that such research is lacking and that in fact some supplements carry the risk of worsening hair loss or the risk of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajani Katta
- Department of Dermatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Betancor MB, Almaida-Pagán PF, Sprague M, Hernández A, Tocher DR. Roles of selenoprotein antioxidant protection in zebrafish, Danio rerio, subjected to dietary oxidative stress. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:705-720. [PMID: 25750091 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for vertebrates that is involved in antioxidant protection and thyroid hormone regulation among other roles and functions through its incorporation into proteins, the selenoproteins. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients for fish although high dietary levels may lead to increased oxidative stress due to the high degree of unsaturation. The present study investigated the effects of Se supplementation on zebrafish, Danio rerio, oxidative status together with selenoprotein expression profiles when subjected to a high-DHA diet. Fish were fed for 8 weeks with one of the four experimental diets, containing high or low DHA in combination with or without organic Se (7 mg/kg). Fish performance, Se content, fatty acid composition and TBARS of zebrafish were determined, as well as gene expression of selected selenoproteins in liver and muscle. The Se levels in whole fish reflected dietary content. High dietary DHA increased oxidative stress as indicated by reduced growth and high TBARS content, although Se supplementation reduced oxidation. The expression patterns of selenoproteins varied between liver and muscle with only deiodinase type II displaying a transcriptional response when high dietary Se was supplied. High dietary DHA decreased selenoprotein W expression in muscle and sps2 expression in liver regardless of the dietary Se content. These data suggest that oxidative stress protection associated with a high dietary intake of Se may not be solely mediated by transcriptional changes in teleost selenoprotein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Betancor
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK,
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30
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Stoebe S, Müller AS, Most E, Coenen M, Vervuert I. Effects of selenium supplementation on selenium status of farmed fallow deer in outdoor pens. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:216-21. [PMID: 25468192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation on Se status in farmed fallow deer. Fallow deer were housed on grass pasture and adapted to consume ∼200 g of pelleted grain daily. Animals were divided into two groups. One group received pelleted grain enriched with sodium selenate for 12 weeks (Se+ group, N = 10). Se intake for the first 7 weeks was 0.18 mg/kg dry matter (DM) and 0.32 mg/kg DM for the subsequent 5 weeks. The control group was fed pelleted grain without extra Se (Se− group, N = 9, 0.06-0.08 mg/kg DM). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment. After the animals were slaughtered, tissue samples were collected for analysis of Se concentrations and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) activity. In addition, Se-independent α-glutathione-S-transferase (α-GST) activity was analyzed in liver tissue. Se supplementation significantly increased Se levels in plasma and in tissues as follows: liver > spleen > skeletal muscle > myocardium > kidney. Se supplementation also significantly increased GPx1 activity in tissues in the following order: liver > skeletal muscle > spleen = myocardium > kidneys. However, hepatic α-GST activity did not differ between Se+ and Se− groups. As expected, Se supplementation increased blood and tissue Se concentrations and GPx1 activity, which suggests a better antioxidant status. However, the activity of α-GST, an important Se-independent antioxidant enzyme, was not altered, presumably because GPx provided an adequate antioxidant capacity even though Se intake was low.
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31
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Feng X, Chen L, Zhuang S, Li C, Yan Z, Xu X, Zhou G. A novel function of lamb and pork: Different effects of lamb and pork consumption on thyroid hormone levels and energy metabolism of Sprague–Dawley rats. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Parshukova O, Potolitsyna N, Shadrina V, Chernykh A, Bojko E. Features of selenium metabolism in humans living under the conditions of North European Russia. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2013; 87:607-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-013-0895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The trace element selenium is an essential micronutrient that is required for the biosynthesis of selenocysteine-containing selenoproteins. Most of the known selenoproteins are expressed in the thyroid gland, including some with still unknown functions. Among the well-characterized selenoproteins are the iodothyronine deiodinases, glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases, enzymes involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, regulation of redox state and protection from oxidative damage. Selenium content in selenium-sensitive tissues such as the liver, kidney or muscle and expression of nonessential selenoproteins, such as the glutathione peroxidases GPx1 and GPx3, is controlled by nutritional supply. The thyroid gland is, however, largely independent from dietary selenium intake and thyroid selenoproteins are preferentially expressed. As a consequence, no explicit effects on thyroid hormone profiles are observed in healthy individuals undergoing selenium supplementation. However, low selenium status correlates with risk of goiter and multiple nodules in European women. Some clinical studies have demonstrated that selenium-deficient patients with autoimmune thyroid disease benefit from selenium supplementation, although the data are conflicting and many parameters must still be defined. The baseline selenium status of an individual could constitute the most important parameter modifying the outcome of selenium supplementation, which might primarily disrupt self-amplifying cycles of the endocrine-immune system interface rectifying the interaction of lymphocytes with thyroid autoantigens. Selenium deficiency is likely to constitute a risk factor for a feedforward derangement of the immune system-thyroid interaction, while selenium supplementation appears to dampen the self-amplifying nature of this derailed interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Südring 10, CVK, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) occurs in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine in selenoproteins. Selenoproteins exerts multiple physiological effects in human health, many of which are related with regulation of reduction-oxidation processes. In fact, the selenoenzyme families of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TRx) display the ability to act as antioxidants, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Furthermore, another class of selenoproteins are the iodothyronine deiodinase enzymes (DIO), which catalyze the conversion of thyroxine (T4) in triiodothyronine (T3), then exerting a fine tuned control on thyroid hormones metabolism. Several studies have investigated the potential positive effects of Se supplementation in thyroid diseases, characterized by increased levels of hydrogen peroxide and free radicals, like autoimmune chronic thyroiditis. These studies have supplied evidences indicating that Se supplementation, maximizing the antioxidant enzymes activity, may reduce the thyroid inflammatory status. Then, it may be postulated that Se could play a therapeutical role in thyroid autoimmune diseases. Despite the fact that recent studies seem to be concordant about Se beneficial effects in decreasing thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) titers and ameliorating the ultrasound echogenicity pattern, several doubts have to be still clarified, before advising Se supplementation in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Negro
- Department of Endocrinology, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy
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Sengupta A, Lichti UF, Carlson BA, Ryscavage AO, Gladyshev VN, Yuspa SH, Hatfield DL. Selenoproteins are essential for proper keratinocyte function and skin development. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12249. [PMID: 20805887 PMCID: PMC2923614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary selenium is known to protect skin against UV-induced damage and cancer and its topical application improves skin surface parameters in humans, while selenium deficiency compromises protective antioxidant enzymes in skin. Furthermore, skin and hair abnormalities in humans and rodents may be caused by selenium deficiency, which are overcome by dietary selenium supplementation. Most important biological functions of selenium are attributed to selenoproteins, proteins containing selenium in the form of the amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Sec insertion into proteins depends on Sec tRNA; thus, knocking out the Sec tRNA gene (Trsp) ablates selenoprotein expression. We generated mice with targeted removal of selenoproteins in keratin 14 (K14) expressing cells and their differentiated descendents. The knockout progeny had a runt phenotype, developed skin abnormalities and experienced premature death. Lack of selenoproteins in epidermal cells led to the development of hyperplastic epidermis and aberrant hair follicle morphogenesis, accompanied by progressive alopecia after birth. Further analyses revealed that selenoproteins are essential antioxidants in skin and unveiled their role in keratinocyte growth and viability. This study links severe selenoprotein deficiency to abnormalities in skin and hair and provides genetic evidence for the role of these proteins in keratinocyte function and cutaneous development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Sengupta
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ulrike F. Lichti
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew O. Ryscavage
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart H. Yuspa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHY); (DLH)
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SHY); (DLH)
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Aslan I, Aydin I, Aydin I. Functional effects of short-term treatment with amiodarone on thyroid tissues of the rabbit. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 133:212-6. [PMID: 19547931 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of short-term treatment with Amiodarone on thyroid gland tissue was studied in a group of 26 New Zealand albino rabbits. Ten rabbits were left untreated and served as controls; the remaining animals were treated with 10 mg/kg/day Amiodarone. The serum levels of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured at days 0 (baseline), 7, 30, and 45. The serum selenium levels were also measured, but only on days 0 and 45 of the experiment. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed and the levels of selenium, T3, T4, and iodine were determined in thyroid tissue. After 30 days treatment the values of T3 were significantly lower than those of the untreated controls or the baseline levels (p < 0.001). The T4 level was significantly lower and the TSH value was significantly higher after 45 days of Amiodarone (p < 0.001). In thyroid tissue the T3, T4, and iodine levels were significantly higher in the treated group when compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). These results show that Amiodarone induces changes in the hormone levels in both serum and thyroid tissues, as well as in the amount of iodine taken up by the thyroid gland in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Aslan
- Endocrinology Clinic, Antalya Research and Education Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Combs GF, Midthune DN, Patterson KY, Canfield WK, Hill AD, Levander OA, Taylor PR, Moler JE, Patterson BH. Effects of selenomethionine supplementation on selenium status and thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1808-14. [PMID: 19403637 PMCID: PMC2682996 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium, a potential cancer prevention agent currently being tested against prostate cancer in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), plays an integral role in thyroid metabolism. The effects of long-term selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone concentrations are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the effects of long-term selenium supplementation on thyroid hormone concentrations. DESIGN Twenty-eight healthy adults took 200 microg selenomethionine/d for 28 mo. The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured in plasma for 4 mo before supplementation and quarterly during supplementation. The assay methods were changed midstudy; the results of the 2 methods were not comparable. Therefore, one analysis was conducted based on the results of the first method, and a second analysis was based on all of the data, adjusted for the change. Serial data collection permitted a test for trends rather than simply a difference between initial and final values. RESULTS By 9 mo, mean (+/-SEM) plasma selenium concentrations had increased from 1.78 +/- 0.07 micromol/L at baseline to 2.85 +/- 0.11 micromol/L for men and from 1.64 +/- 0.04 to 3.32 +/- 0.1.2 micromol/L for women. T3 concentrations in men increased 5% per year (P = 0.01). T4 and TSH concentrations were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Selenium supplementation produced no clinically significant changes in thyroid hormone concentrations. A small but statistically significant increase in T3 concentrations was noted in men, with no corresponding decreases in TSH. A subset of SELECT subjects might be monitored periodically for changes during long-term selenium supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Combs
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND 55202, USA.
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Alissa EM, Ahmed WH, Al-ama N, Ferns GAA. Selenium status and cardiovascular risk profile in healthy adult Saudi males. Molecules 2008; 14:141-59. [PMID: 19127244 PMCID: PMC6253780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between selenium levels, thyroid function and other coronary risk factors in 140 Saudi subjects without overt coronary heart disease stratified by age. Demographic data and serum fasting lipid profile, glucose, thyroid function tests, selenium status and dietary intake was assessed. The relationships between selenium status, thyroid function and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. The results showed that thyroid hormone levels did not differ with age. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were significantly higher in the youngest vs. oldest tertile (p<0.0001). Selenium and iodine intake did not differ significantly with age tertile, but the average intake for the population sample was below the estimated average requirements for both elements. Serum lipoprotein (a) concentrations correlated with selenium (r = 0.417, p<0.0001) and TSH (r = 0.172, p<0.05). After adjustment for confounding variables; serum fT4 and erythrocytes GPx remained significant determinants of serum TSH levels, whilst serum selenium and TSH were determinants of serum fT4 levels. Serum Lp(a), a coronary risk factor, was strongly related to measures of selenium status. A significant relationship between measures of selenium status and thyroid function was found. Serum Lp(a) a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease was also related to selenium status in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Alissa
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Capelo LP, Beber EH, Huang SA, Zorn TM, Bianco AC, Gouveia CH. Deiodinase-mediated thyroid hormone inactivation minimizes thyroid hormone signaling in the early development of fetal skeleton. Bone 2008; 43:921-30. [PMID: 18682303 PMCID: PMC4683160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) plays a key role on post-natal bone development and metabolism, while its relevance during fetal bone development is uncertain. To study this, pregnant mice were made hypothyroid and fetuses harvested at embryonic days (E) 12.5, 14.5, 16.5 and 18.5. Despite a marked reduction in fetal tissue concentration of both T4 and T3, bone development, as assessed at the distal epiphyseal growth plate of the femur and vertebra, was largely preserved up to E16.5. Only at E18.5, the hypothyroid fetuses exhibited a reduction in femoral type I and type X collagen and osteocalcin mRNA levels, in the length and area of the proliferative and hypertrophic zones, in the number of chondrocytes per proliferative column, and in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes, in addition to a slight delay in endochondral and intramembranous ossification. This suggests that up to E16.5, thyroid hormone signaling in bone is kept to a minimum. In fact, measuring the expression level of the activating and inactivating iodothyronine deiodinases (D2 and D3) helped understand how this is achieved. D3 mRNA was readily detected as early as E14.5 and its expression decreased markedly ( approximately 10-fold) at E18.5, and even more at 14 days after birth (P14). In contrast, D2 mRNA expression increased significantly by E18.5 and markedly ( approximately 2.5-fold) by P14. The reciprocal expression levels of D2 and D3 genes during early bone development along with the absence of a hypothyroidism-induced bone phenotype at this time suggest that coordinated reciprocal deiodinase expression keeps thyroid hormone signaling in bone to very low levels at this early stage of bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane P. Capelo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H. Beber
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Stephen A. Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Telma M.T. Zorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Cecília H.A. Gouveia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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Ward MA, Neville TL, Reed JJ, Taylor JB, Hallford DM, Soto-Navarro SA, Vonnahme KA, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Caton JS. Effects of selenium supply and dietary restriction on maternal and fetal metabolic hormones in pregnant ewe lambs1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:1254-62. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Nazifi S, Mansourian M, Nikahval B, Razavi SM. The relationship between serum level of thyroid hormones, trace elements and antioxidant enzymes in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 41:129-34. [PMID: 19052911 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-008-9167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones might be able to regulate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). The role of thyroid hormones in metabolic pathways and antioxidant enzyme activities are well known in many species. Nevertheless, there is no report describing probable relationship between thyroid hormones status, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and serum profiles of trace elements. This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between these parameters in Iranian dromedary camels. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 30 clinically healthy Iranian dromedary camels under aseptic conditions during 6 consecutive days of summer. The serum was analyzed for serum profile of thyroid hormones, trace elements, SOD and GPX activity. There were no significant differences in serum thyroid hormones, serum level of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), selenium and antioxidant enzymes in different days (P > 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between SOD and Fe (P < 0.01, r = -493). There was no significant correlation between other parameters. In case of copper deficiency likewise the present study, the copper was used to produce more SOD, so there was a decrease in Fe transportation, and it might be a cause of decrease in Fe amount. On the other hand, a relatively small quantity of Fe is present in tissue myoglobin, catalase, peroxidases, and cytochromes. So it might be another cause of decrease in Fe amount. The explanation for these finding is not possible at this moment and further investigations are needed to interpret these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71345-1731, Iran.
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42
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Rayman MP, Thompson AJ, Bekaert B, Catterick J, Galassini R, Hall E, Warren-Perry M, Beckett GJ. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87:370-8. [PMID: 18258627 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.2.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid function depends on the essential trace mineral selenium, which is at the active center of the iodothyronine deiodinase enzymes that catalyze the conversion of the prohormone thyroxine (T(4)) to the active form of thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T(3)). OBJECTIVE Because selenium intake in the United Kingdom has fallen during the past 25 y, we wanted to determine whether current selenium status might be limiting conversion of T(4) to T(3) in the elderly, in whom marginal hypothyroidism is relatively common. DESIGN We investigated the effect of selenium supplementation in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 501 elderly UK volunteers. Similar numbers of men and women from each of 3 age groups, 60-64 y, 65-69 y, and 70-74 y, were randomly allocated to receive 100, 200, or 300 microg Se/d as high-selenium yeast or placebo yeast for 6 mo. As part of the study, plasma selenium, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and total and free T(3) and T(4) were measured. Data from 368 euthyroid volunteers who provided blood samples at baseline and 6 mo were analyzed. RESULTS Although selenium status at baseline correlated weakly with free T(4) (r = -0.19, P < 0.001) and with the ratio of free T(3) to free T(4) (r = 0.12, P = 0.02), we found no evidence of any effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function, despite significant increases in plasma selenium. However, baseline plasma selenium in our study (x: 91 microg/L) was somewhat higher than in previous supplementation studies in which apparently beneficial effects were seen. CONCLUSION We found no indication for increasing selenium intake to benefit T(4) to T(3) conversion in the elderly UK population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Rayman
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
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43
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Schomburg L, Riese C, Michaelis M, Griebert E, Klein MO, Sapin R, Schweizer U, Köhrle J. Synthesis and metabolism of thyroid hormones is preferentially maintained in selenium-deficient transgenic mice. Endocrinology 2006; 147:1306-13. [PMID: 16322066 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-1089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is rich in selenium (Se) and expresses a variety of selenoproteins that are involved in antioxidative defense and metabolism of thyroid hormones (TH). Se deficiency impairs regular synthesis of selenoproteins and adequate TH metabolism. We recently generated mice that lack the plasma Se carrier, selenoprotein P (SePP). SePP-knockout mice display decreased serum Se levels and manifest growth defects and neurological abnormalities partly reminiscent of thyroid gland dysfunction or profound hypothyroidism. Thus, we probed the TH axis in developing and adult SePP-knockout mice. Surprisingly, expression of Se-dependent 5'-deiodinase type 1 was only slightly altered in liver, kidney, or thyroid at postnatal d 60, and 5'-deiodinase type 2 activity in brain was normal in SePP-knockout mice. Thyroid gland morphology, thyroid glutathione peroxidase activity, thyroid Se concentration, and serum levels of TSH, T4, or T3 were within normal range. Pituitary TSHbeta transcripts and hepatic 5'-deiodinase type 1 mRNA levels were unchanged, indicating regular T3 bioactivity in thyrotropes and hepatocytes. Cerebellar granule cell migration as a sensitive indicator of local T3 action during development was undisturbed. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that low levels of serum Se or SePP in the absence of other challenges do not necessarily interfere with regular functioning of the TH axis. 5'-deiodinase isozymes are preferentially supplied, and Se-dependent enzymes in the thyroid are even less-dependent on serum levels of Se or SePP than in brain. This indicates a top priority of the thyroid gland and its selenoenzymes with respect to the hierarchical Se supply within the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Recent identification of new selenocysteine-containing proteins has revealed relationships between the two trace elements selenium (Se) and iodine and the hormone network. Several selenoproteins participate in the protection of thyrocytes from damage by H(2)O(2) produced for thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Iodothyronine deiodinases are selenoproteins contributing to systemic or local thyroid hormone homeostasis. The Se content in endocrine tissues (thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, testes, ovary) is higher than in many other organs. Nutritional Se depletion results in retention, whereas Se repletion is followed by a rapid accumulation of Se in endocrine tissues, reproductive organs, and the brain. Selenoproteins such as thioredoxin reductases constitute the link between the Se metabolism and the regulation of transcription by redox sensitive ligand-modulated nuclear hormone receptors. Hormones and growth factors regulate the expression of selenoproteins and, conversely, Se supply modulates hormone actions. Selenoproteins are involved in bone metabolism as well as functions of the endocrine pancreas and adrenal glands. Furthermore, spermatogenesis depends on adequate Se supply, whereas Se excess may impair ovarian function. Comparative analysis of the genomes of several life forms reveals that higher mammals contain a limited number of identical genes encoding newly detected selenocysteine-containing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, D-10098 Berlin, Germany.
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Streckfuss F, Hamann I, Schomburg L, Michaelis M, Sapin R, Klein MO, Köhrle J, Schweizer U. Hepatic deiodinase activity is dispensable for the maintenance of normal circulating thyroid hormone levels in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 337:739-45. [PMID: 16202981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis depends on peripheral activation and inactivation of iodothyronines by selenoenzymes of the deiodinase (Dio) family. We genetically inactivated hepatic selenoenzyme expression, including Dio1, in order to determine the contribution of hepatic Dio to circulating TH levels. Serum levels of TSH, total T(4), and total T(3) were not different from controls. We measured Dio1 and Dio2 in kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, brown adipose tissue, and brain, but did not find compensatory up-regulation in these tissues. Finally, we determined expression in the liver of the following T(3) target genes: Spot14, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alphaGPD), and malic enzyme (ME). On the transcript level, both Spot14 and alphaGPD were reduced in Dio-deficient liver to about 60-70% of controls. However, mRNA and activity of ME were significantly increased in the same mice. Together, our results indicate that hepatic Dio1 activity is not absolutely required to sustain the euthyroid state in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Streckfuss
- Neurobiology of Selenium, Neuroscience Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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46
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Sunde RA, Evenson JK, Thompson KM, Sachdev SW. Dietary selenium requirements based on glutathione peroxidase-1 activity and mRNA levels and other Se-dependent parameters are not increased by pregnancy and lactation in rats. J Nutr 2005; 135:2144-50. [PMID: 16140890 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.9.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchy of selenium (Se) requirements for growing rats ranges from <0.01 to 0.1 microg Se/g diet, depending on the choice of Se status parameter. To further evaluate the efficacy of molecular biology markers to determine Se requirements in later periods of the life cycle, which are less amenable to traditional approaches, we studied pregnant and lactating rats. Female weanling rats were fed a Se-deficient diet (<0.01 microg Se/g) or supplemented with graded levels of dietary Se (0-0.3 microg Se/g) for >10 wk, bred, and killed on d 1, 12, and 18 of pregnancy and d 7 and 18 of lactation; Se response curves were determined for 10 parameters including liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Growth, and mRNA levels for selenoprotein P, 5'-deiodinase, and GPX4 were not decreased by Se deficiency. GPX4 activity required 0.05 microg Se/g diet for maximum activity, similar to growing rats. Dietary Se requirements for plasma GPX3 activity decreased 33% in pregnancy, but returned during lactation to the requirement of growing rats. The Se requirement for GPX1 activity decreased 25% in pregnancy but not in lactation. GPX1 mRNA required 0.05 microg Se/g diet for maximum levels in both pregnancy and lactation, similar to growing rats. Clearly, Se requirements do not increase during pregnancy and lactation relative to Se requirements in growing rats. Unexpectedly, Se-adequate levels of GPX1 mRNA and activity declined to <40 and 50%, respectively, of nonpregnant Se-adequate levels during pregnancy and lactation, illustrating the need to fully understand biomarkers at all stages of the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sunde
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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47
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Dehn LA, Sheffield GG, Follmann EH, Duffy LK, Thomas DL, Bratton GR, Taylor RJ, O'Hara TM. Trace elements in tissues of phocid seals harvested in the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic: influence of age and feeding ecology. CAN J ZOOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/z05-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of selected trace elements (Ag, Cu, Cd, Se, Zn, THg, and MeHg) were measured in tissues of subsistence-harvested ringed (Pusa hispida (Schreber, 1775)), bearded (Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777)), and spotted (Phoca largha Pallas, 1811) seals from Alaska and ringed seals from Canada. Most variables differed significantly in tissues of phocids analyzed. Concentration of renal Cd was highest in ringed seals from Canada and bearded seals from Alaska, while spotted seals had the lowest concentrations. Concentrations of Cd increased with age to a maximum in ringed and bearded seals, followed by a slow decline with increasing age. Spotted seals had the highest proportion of MeHg to THg (%MeHg) in liver and bearded seals the lowest ratio. THg in seal tissues followed the opposite trend. %MeHg in ringed and bearded seals followed a hyperbolic decay function with age, but was highly variable in spotted seals. Seals with lesions had a higher relative occurrence of MeHg in liver. The molar ratio of Se:THg in liver exceeded 1:1 in most seals and was negatively correlated with age in ringed and spotted seals. Hepatic Ag was higher in bearded seals than in ringed and spotted seals. A correlation of Ag with age was not documented.
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48
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Cunha GCP, van Ravenzwaay B. Evaluation of mechanisms inducing thyroid toxicity and the ability of the enhanced OECD Test Guideline 407 to detect these changes. Arch Toxicol 2005; 79:390-405. [PMID: 15692820 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The OECD has developed an "enhanced Test Guideline 407" (TG 407) protocol for detecting endocrine effects during the course of a 28-day testing scheme. This protocol has gone through a validation process with (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic compounds and substances that affect the thyroid (thyroxine and propylthiouracil). This review investigates whether a 28-day testing scheme would show up alterations in the thyroid-related parameters of the "enhanced TG 407" (T3, T4, TSH, thyroid weight and histopathology), irrespective of the mode of action. For each mode of action, a generally accepted reference chemical was selected and an in-depth literature survey was carried out, and the chemical was evaluated for treatment-related changes of thyroid-dependent parameters. The following model chemicals were selected: ion perchlorate, blockage of iodine uptake; propylthiouracil, inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis; excess of iodine, blockage of thyroid hormone release; pyrazole, thyroid cytotoxicity; minocycline, thyroid pigmentation; amiodarone, inhibition of TSH synthesis; diethylstilbestrol, competition for thyroid hormone binding globulin; selenium-deficient diet, inhibition of thyroxine deiodination; FD&C Red No. 3, inhibition of peripheral 5'-deiodinase; cadmium, lipid peroxidation; phenobarbital, increase in thyroxine conjugation and biliary excretion; temelastine, thyroxine accumulation. Test data for treatments lasting approximately one month were available for most of these model chemicals, and these demonstrated the expected thyroid-related changes. Thus, it can be concluded that a 28-day testing scheme allows for the detection of thyroid-disrupting chemicals. The literature data also were evaluated according to whether preference can be given to any of the thyroid-related parameters (thyroid/pituitary hormones, thyroid weight and histopathology) with regard to dose-related sensitivities. Due to different study designs (such as treatment duration, application mode, dose selection and parameters used), no clear picture emerged. Therefore, consideration should be given to all of these parameters, which should also help to define the mode of action. Overall, this literature review provides support for the contention that the newly developed "enhanced TG 407" test protocol is well suited to the detection of chemicals that affect the thyroid gland.
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Klaren PHM, Looijmans PHA. Hepatic iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 activity is decreased in two ΔF508 cystic fibrosis mouse models. J Cyst Fibros 2004; 3:125-8. [PMID: 15463895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2004.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2003] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal thyroid status has been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and this can possibly be correlated to neuromuscular symptoms. Iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 (D1) activity is an important determinant of thyroid status, and we chose to investigate D1 activity in CF liver. METHODS We have measured hepatic D1 activities in two DeltaF508 CF mouse models. RESULTS Hepatic D1 activity was significantly reduced by 31% to 48% in homozygous DeltaF508 mice compared with wild-type genotypes. CONCLUSIONS A decreased hepatic D1 activity could be the biochemical basis of some of the abnormal thyroid parameters observed in cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H M Klaren
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Wasco EC, Martinez E, Grant KS, St Germain EA, St Germain DL, Galton VA. Determinants of iodothyronine deiodinase activities in rodent uterus. Endocrinology 2003; 144:4253-61. [PMID: 12959985 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The deiodinase types 2 and 3 (D2, D3), which convert T4 to active and inactive metabolites, respectively, are expressed in the rodent uterus and highly induced during pregnancy. To examine the factors regulating the expression of these enzymes in this tissue, we studied D2 and D3 activity in pregnant rats, in pseudopregnant rats before and after the induction of artificial decidualization, and in ovariectomized rats treated with 17beta-estradiol (E2) and/or progesterone (P). Our results demonstrate that induction of D3 activity begins immediately after implantation and increases markedly over the next 72 h. A similar time course and magnitude of D3 induction is noted in the artificially decidualized uterus in pseudopregnant rats, whereas only minimal increases in activity are observed in the nondecidualized control uterine horns in the same animal. In contrast, D2 activity is not induced by a decidualization stimulus. In spontaneously cycling female rats, both D2 and D3 were observed to be 3- to 8-fold higher in proestrus, compared with diestrus. Furthermore, levels of D2 and D3 activity were greatly increased in ovariectomized rats given E2 and P in various combinations. D2 activity was stimulated primarily by E2, whereas E2 and P acted synergistically to increase D3 activity. These results demonstrate that E2 and P regulate thyroid hormone metabolism in the uterus, and that the implantation process is a potent stimulus for the induction of D3 activity in this organ. Such precise and profound changes in deiodinase expression are likely to play important physiological roles in fetal development and may influence uterine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Wasco
- Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756-0001, USA
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