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Li L, Lin W, Wang Z, Huang R, Xia H, Li Z, Deng J, Ye T, Huang Y, Yang Y. Hormone Regulation in Testicular Development and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5805. [PMID: 38891991 PMCID: PMC11172568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The testes serve as the primary source of androgens and the site of spermatogenesis, with their development and function governed by hormonal actions via endocrine and paracrine pathways. Male fertility hinges on the availability of testosterone, a cornerstone of spermatogenesis, while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling is indispensable for the proliferation, differentiation, and proper functioning of Sertoli and germ cells. This review covers the research on how androgens, FSH, and other hormones support processes crucial for male fertility in the testis and reproductive tract. These hormones are regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, which is either quiescent or activated at different stages of the life course, and the regulation of the axis is crucial for the development and normal function of the male reproductive system. Hormonal imbalances, whether due to genetic predispositions or environmental influences, leading to hypogonadism or hypergonadism, can precipitate reproductive disorders. Investigating the regulatory network and molecular mechanisms involved in testicular development and spermatogenesis is instrumental in developing new therapeutic methods, drugs, and male hormonal contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Wanqing Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Rufei Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Jingxian Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (L.L.); (W.L.); (Z.W.); (R.H.); (H.X.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (T.Y.)
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Essawy A, Matar S, Mohamed N, Abdel-Wahab W, Abdou H. Ginkgo biloba extract protects against tartrazine-induced testicular toxicity in rats: involvement of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15065-15077. [PMID: 38286926 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The use of additives, especially colorants, in food and pharmaceutical industry is increasing dramatically. Currently, additives are classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Concerns have been raised about the potential hazards of food additives to reproductive organs and fertility. The present study investigates the reproductive toxicity of tartrazine (TRZ), a synthetic colorant, in male rats and aims to explore the curative effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) against TRZ-induced testicular toxicity. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: the control (0.5 ml distilled water), the EGb group (100 mg/kg EGb alone), the TRZ group (7.5 mg/kg TRZ alone), and the TRZ-EGb group (7.5 mg/kg TRZ plus 100 mg/kg EGb). The doses were administered orally in distilled water once daily for 28 days. Toxicity studies of TRZ investigated testicular redox state, serum gonadotropins, and testosterone levels, testicular 17 ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, sperm count and quality, levels of inflammatory cytokines, and caspase-3 expression as an apoptotic marker. Also, histopathological alterations of the testes were examined. TRZ significantly affected the testicular redox status as indicated by the increase in malondialdehyde and the decrease in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. It also disrupted serum gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) and testosterone levels and the activity of testicular 17ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Additionally, TRZ adversely affected sperm count, motility, viability, and abnormality. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and expression of caspase-3 were increased in the testes. Histopathological examination of the testes supported the alterations mentioned above. Administration of EGb significantly ameliorated TRZ-induced testicular toxicity in rats. In conclusion, EGb protected against TRZ-induced testicular toxicity through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Essawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shreen Matar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nema Mohamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wessam Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Heba Abdou
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Chung E, Hui J, Xin ZC, Kim SW, Moon DG, Yuan Y, Nagao K, Hakim L, Chang HC, Mak SK, Duarsa GWK, Dai Y, Yao B, Son H, Huang W, Lin H, Nguyen Q, Mai DBT, Park K, Lee J, Tantiwongse K, Sato Y, Jiann BP, Ho C, Park HJ. Management of Male Infertility with Coexisting Sexual Dysfunction: A Consensus Statement and Clinical Recommendations from the Asia-Pacific Society of Sexual Medicine (APSSM) and the Asian Society of Men's Health and Aging (ASMHA). World J Mens Health 2023; 41:41.e81. [PMID: 37853539 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Male infertility (MI) and male sexual dysfunction (MSD) can often coexist together due to various interplay factors such as psychosexual, sociocultural and relationship dynamics. The presence of each form of MSD can adversely impact male reproduction and treatment strategies will need to be individualized based on patients' factors, local expertise, and geographical socioeconomic status. The Asia Pacific Society of Sexual Medicine (APSSM) and the Asian Society of Men's Health and Aging (ASMHA) aim to provide a consensus statement and practical set of clinical recommendations based on current evidence to guide clinicians in the management of MI and MSD within the Asia-Pacific (AP) region. A comprehensive, narrative review of the literature was performed to identify the various forms of MSD and their association with MI. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for the following English language articles under the following terms: "low libido", "erectile dysfunction", "ejaculatory dysfunction", "premature ejaculation", "retrograde ejaculation", "delayed ejaculation", "anejaculation", and "orgasmic dysfunction" between January 2001 to June 2022 with emphasis on published guidelines endorsed by various organizations. This APSSM consensus committee panel evaluated and provided evidence-based recommendations on MI and clinically relevant MSD areas using a modified Delphi method by the panel and specific emphasis on locoregional socio-economic-cultural issues relevant to the AP region. While variations exist in treatment strategies for managing MI and MSD due to geographical expertise, locoregional resources, and sociocultural factors, the panel agreed that comprehensive fertility evaluation with a multidisciplinary management approach to each MSD domain is recommended. It is important to address individual MI issues with an emphasis on improving spermatogenesis and facilitating reproductive avenues while at the same time, managing various MSD conditions with evidence-based treatments. All therapeutic options should be discussed and implemented based on the patient's individual needs, beliefs and preferences while incorporating locoregional expertise and available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chung
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jiang Hui
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Cheng Xin
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Du Geon Moon
- Department of Urology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yiming Yuan
- Andrology Centre, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Koichi Nagao
- Department of Urology, Toho University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lukman Hakim
- Department of Urology, Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hong-Chiang Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siu King Mak
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Yutian Dai
- The Department of Andrology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hwancheol Son
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - William Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haocheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quang Nguyen
- Centre of Andrology and Sexual Medicine, Viet Duc University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dung Ba Tien Mai
- Department of Urology, Binh Dan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kwangsung Park
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joe Lee
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Yoshikazu Sato
- Department of Urology, Sanjukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bang-Ping Jiann
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Ho
- School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Gómez-Torres P, Lucha-López AC, Martínez-Pérez GZ, Sheridan T, Vera Cruz G. Acceptability and Determinants of using Male Hormonal Contraceptives: A Systematic Review from a Gender Perspective. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2023.2191606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piedad Gómez-Torres
- Department of Physiatrics and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group Sector III Heathcare (GIIS081), Institute of Research of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana C. Lucha-López
- Department of Physiatrics and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group Sector III Heathcare (GIIS081), Institute of Research of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Fisioterapia (UIF), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Taylor Sheridan
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Germano Vera Cruz
- Department of Psychology, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Centre de Recherche en Psychologie: Cognition, Psychisme et Organisations UR 7273 CRP-CPO, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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5
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Gunasekaran P, Velmurugan Y, Arputharaj DS, Savaridasson JK, Hemamalini M, Venkatachalam R. In vitro contraceptive activities, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, MM-PBSA, non-covalent interaction and DFT studies of bioactive compounds from Aegle marmelos. Linn., leaves. Front Chem 2023; 11:1096177. [PMID: 36778035 PMCID: PMC9911112 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1096177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bioactive molecules from natural sources having contraceptive properties were excellent alternatives for modern hormonal contraceptives. Researchers around the world were working on identifying contraceptive leads targeting the male reproductive system rather than the usual female contraceptives. The lack of proper understanding on male contraceptive protein drug targets leads to insufficient evidence on activities of identified contraceptive compounds. The proteins specific to the male reproductive system and involved in sperm-egg fusion will be an excellent drug target to identify the male non-hormonal, reversible contraceptive leads. Inhibiting sperm hyaluronidase activity by natural non-hormonal compounds will lead to reversible and non-hormonal male contraception. The Aegle marmelos Linn. is one such important medicinal plant with valuable phytocompounds, used traditionally as a potential contraceptive measure. The in vivo experiments on leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos. Linn containing terpenes, sterols, and alkaloids shows prominent contraceptive activities. Moreover, this study explores the potential ability of the leaf extract on inhibiting the sperm hyaluronidase action with additional molecular details on the interaction between sperm hyaluronidases and three phytocompounds such as aegeline, marmin, and marminol. Material and methods: The in vitro hyaluronidase inhibition assay and Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) were used to evaluate the male contraceptive properties of the Aegle marmelos Linn. leaf extract. To identify the interaction profile of aegeline, marmin, and marmenol on sperm cell hyaluronidases the in-silico methods such as molecular docking, Non-Covalent Interaction analysis, Molecular dynamics, and Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area were used. Results and discussion: The results of in vitro hyaluronidase inhibition assay and Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis shows the inhibition of hyaluronidase enzymatic activity and reduced sperm activities in the presence of leaf extracts. After incubation with leaf extracts for about 30 minutes time intervals show, the motility drops from progressive to non-progressive and ended up with complete immotile in 100 μg/ml concentration of leaf extract. The results of molecular docking, Non-Covalent Interaction analysis, Molecular dynamics, and Molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area show that the phytocompounds marmin, and aegeline have the potential ability to inhibit sperm hyaluronidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Gunasekaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogaswaran Velmurugan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Madhukar Hemamalini
- Department of Chemistry, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakannan Venkatachalam
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,*Correspondence: Rajakannan Venkatachalam,
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Yau M, Safer JD. The return of spermatogenesis in transgender women ceasing gender-affirming hormone therapy. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100835. [PMID: 36652904 PMCID: PMC9873818 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fertility has become a priority in transgender health research. In this issue of Cell Reports Medicine, a study by de Nie et al.1 of nine transgender women demonstrates sperm production after the cessation of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Their results suggest the transient nature of gonadal suppression by GAHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Yau
- Mount Sinai Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joshua D Safer
- Mount Sinai Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery, New York, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Wang X, Sang M, Gong S, Chen Z, Zhao X, Wang G, Li Z, Huang Y, Chen S, Xie G, Duan E, Sun F. BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 regulates spermatid development by changing chromatin conformation in mouse spermatogenesis. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1062-1073. [PMID: 35685458 PMCID: PMC9170580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As a BET bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1 has been proven have efficacy against a number of different cancers. In terms of male reproduction, JQ1 may be used as a new type of contraceptive, since JQ1 treatment in male mice could lead to germ cell defects and a decrease of sperm motility, moreover, this effect is reversible. However, the mechanism of JQ1 acting on gene regulation in spermatogenesis remains unclear. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on mouse testes treated with JQ1 or vehicle control to determine the transcriptional regulatory function of JQ1 in spermatogenesis at the single cell resolution. We confirmed that JQ1 treatment could increase the numbers of somatic cells and spermatocytes and decrease the numbers of spermatid cells. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes which were down-regulated after JQ1 injection were mainly enriched in "DNA conformation change" biological process in early developmental germ cells and "spermatid development" biological process in spermatid cells. ATAC-seq data further confirmed that JQ1 injection could change the open state of chromatin. In addition, JQ1 could change the numbers of accessible meiotic DNA double-stranded break sites and the types of transcription factor motif that functioned in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. The multi-omics analysis revealed that JQ1 had the ability to regulate gene transcription by changing chromatin conformation in mouse spermatogenesis, which would potentiate the availability of JQ1 in male contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Shengnan Gong
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Zhichuan Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Guishuan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Zhiran Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Shitao Chen
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Gangcai Xie
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
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Kavoussi PK, Machen GL, Chen SH, Gilkey MS, Chen J, Hamzeh Y, Aston KI, Kavoussi SK. Direct conversion from long-acting testosterone replacement therapy to Natesto allows for spermatogenesis resumption: Proof of concept. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14453. [PMID: 35521891 PMCID: PMC9542608 DOI: 10.1111/and.14453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-acting testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) suppresses spermatogenesis. A short-acting TRT, Natesto, maintains spermatogenesis in some men. This study evaluated hormonal and semen parameters converting men from long-acting TRT to Natesto. Baseline hormones, again on long-acting TRT and 1 month after converting to Natesto, as well as semen parameters 3 months after converting to Natesto were assessed. Twenty-seven men were directly converted from long-acting forms of TRT to Natesto. Mean duration on long-acting TRT was 24.3 ± 19 months. Testosterone levels were similar on long-acting forms of TRT and Natesto, however; E2 levels were significantly lower on Natesto. Ten men had semen analyses demonstrating azoospermia while on long-acting TRT, the remainder were presumed to be azoospermic or severely oligospermic which has been well established as an effect of long-acting TRT. All 27 men had resumption of spermatogenesis with a mean sperm concentration of 50.7 million/ml after converting to Natesto, considered within the fertile range. One couple achieved a pregnancy 4 months after converting to Natesto. Hypogonadal men on long-acting TRT interested in resumption of spermatogenesis may convert directly to Natesto for an opportunity to do so while remaining on a form of TRT and achieving lower E2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz K Kavoussi
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Graham L Machen
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Shu-Hung Chen
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Melissa S Gilkey
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yazan Hamzeh
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, Texas, USA
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Chattopadhyay P, Magdanz V, Hernández-Meliá M, Borchert KBL, Schwarz D, Simmchen J. Size‐Dependent Inhibition of Sperm Motility by Copper Particles as a Path toward Male Contraception. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veronika Magdanz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - María Hernández-Meliá
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Konstantin B. L. Borchert
- Nanostructured Materials Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dana Schwarz
- Nanostructured Materials Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
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Kang Y, Tan Y, Wang C, Yao B, An K, Liu M, Su J. Antifertility effects of levonorgestrel, quinestrol and their mixture (EP-1) on plateau zokor in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Integr Zool 2022; 17:1002-1016. [PMID: 35271766 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi Thomas, 1911) is a key species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ecosystem, and fertility control could be an ideal approach to manage populations of this subterranean species. In this laboratory study, we explored the effects of the mixture of levonorgestrel and quinestrol (EP-1, 1:2), quinestrol (E), and levonorgestrel (P) on the reproductive status of plateau zokors. Groups of five animals of each sex were treated with different concentrations of EP-1 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), E (0.33, 3.3, and 6.6 mg/kg), and P (0.67, 3.35, and 6.7 mg/kg) by oral gavage over 7 successive days and killed on day 15. Body mass reduction was observed in the EP-1 and E groups. EP-1 and E significantly reduced the weight of testis and epididymis at 10 and 3.3 mg/kg, respectively. Sperm count and motility were significantly reduced by 5 mg/kg EP-1 and 0.33 mg/kg E. The levels of serum testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone were significantly reduced by 5 mg/kg EP-1 and 3.3 mg/kg E. EP-1 and E significantly reduced the uterine and ovarian weights at 10 and 3.3 mg/kg, respectively. In the plateau zokors, treatment with P had no influence on the reproductive status. These data demonstrate that EP-1 and E have an inhibitory effect on a range of reproductive parameters in the plateau zokors. Further assessment is required to determine the effects on breeding and recruitment in enclosure or field experiments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Kang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuchen Tan
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Chan Wang
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Baohui Yao
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Kang An
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ming Liu
- International Society of Zoological Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Junhu Su
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem (Ministry of Education), Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.,Gansu Agricultural University-Massey University Research Centre for Grassland Biodiversity, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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11
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The Roles of Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone in Spermatogenesis and Folliculogenesis Revisited. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312735. [PMID: 34884539 PMCID: PMC8658012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis involve cell–cell interactions and gene expression orchestrated by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH regulates the proliferation and maturation of germ cells independently and in combination with LH. In humans, the requirement for high intratesticular testosterone (T) concentration in spermatogenesis remains both a dogma and an enigma, as it greatly exceeds the requirement for androgen receptor (AR) activation. Several data have challenged this dogma. Here we report our findings on a man with mutant LH beta subunit (LHβ) that markedly reduced T production to 1–2% of normal., but despite this minimal LH stimulation, T production by scarce mature Leydig cells was sufficient to initiate and maintain complete spermatogenesis. Also, in the LH receptor (LHR) knockout (LuRKO) mice, low-dose T supplementation was able to maintain spermatogenesis. In addition, in antiandrogen-treated LuRKO mice, devoid of T action, the transgenic expression of a constitutively activating follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) mutant was able to rescue spermatogenesis and fertility. Based on rodent models, it is believed that gonadotropin-dependent follicular growth begins at the antral stage, but models of FSHR inactivation in women contradict this claim. The complete loss of FSHR function results in the complete early blockage of folliculogenesis at the primary stage, with a high density of follicles of the prepubertal type. These results should prompt the reassessment of the role of gonadotropins in spermatogenesis, folliculogenesis and therapeutic applications in human hypogonadism and infertility.
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12
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Men Converting from Clomiphene Citrate to Natesto with a Desire to Maintain Spermatogenesis Should Be Followed Closely. Urology 2021; 157:128-130. [PMID: 34474044 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of a testosterone deficient man desiring maintenance of spermatogenesis converting from clomiphene citrate (CC) to Natesto, who had a decrease in gonadotropins and semen parameter values after making this medication change. The data on men maintaining gonadotropins and semen parameter values after converting from CC to Natesto is also reported. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed. Baseline hormones prior to treatment, and again on CC and Natesto, as well as semen parameters on CC and on Natesto were assessed. RESULTS A 32-year-old testosterone deficient man desiring to maintain future fertility potential who had a poor symptomatic response to CC despite an adequate serum testosterone response was converted to Natesto 11 mg twice daily. His gonadotropins diminished as did his semen parameter values but with dose titration of Natesto to 11 mg in the morning and 5.5 mg in the evening he had normalization of gonadotropins and a rise in semen parameter values back towards his values on CC with a continued satisfactory symptomatic response. The remainder of the 49 men to date converting from CC to Natesto revealed stability in gonadotropins and semen parameter values. CONCLUSION Testosterone deficient men interested in maintaining spermatogenesis who convert from CC to Natesto seeking a more robust symptomatic response should be followed closely with repeat serum gonadotropins and semen parameters to confirm that spermatogenesis is not being suppressed. Dose titration of Natesto may be effective at optimizing gonadotropins, semen parameter values, testosterone levels, and symptomatic response to treatment.
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13
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Abstract
Androgens are potent drugs requiring prescription for valid medical indications but are misused for invalid, unproven, or off-label reasons as well as being abused without prescription for illicit nonmedical application for performance or image enhancement. Following discovery and first clinical application of testosterone in the 1930s, commercialization of testosterone and synthetic androgens proliferated in the decades after World War II. It remains among the oldest marketed drugs in therapeutic use, yet after 8 decades of clinical use, the sole unequivocal indication for testosterone remains in replacement therapy for pathological hypogonadism, organic disorders of the male reproductive system. Nevertheless, wider claims assert unproven, unsafe, or implausible benefits for testosterone, mostly representing wishful thinking about rejuvenation. Over recent decades, this created an epidemic of testosterone misuse involving prescription as a revitalizing tonic for anti-aging, sexual dysfunction and/or obesity, where efficacy and safety remains unproven and doubtful. Androgen abuse originated during the Cold War as an epidemic of androgen doping among elite athletes for performance enhancement before the 1980s when it crossed over into the general community to become an endemic variant of drug abuse in sufficiently affluent communities that support an illicit drug industry geared to bodybuilding and aiming to create a hypermasculine body physique and image. This review focuses on the misuse of testosterone, defined as prescribing without valid clinical indications, and abuse of testosterone or synthetic androgens (androgen abuse), defined as the illicit use of androgens without prescription or valid indications, typically by athletes, bodybuilders and others for image-oriented, cosmetic, or occupational reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Andrology Department, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Kavoussi PK, Machen GL, Gilkey MS, Chen SH, Kavoussi KM, Esqueda A, Wininger JD, Barsky M, Kavoussi SK. Converting Men From Clomiphene Citrate to Natesto for Hypogonadism Improves Libido, Maintains Semen Parameters, and Reduces Estradiol. Urology 2020; 148:141-144. [PMID: 33301741 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes including libido, semen parameters, testosterone, estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone when converting men with low libido on Clomiphene Citrate (CC) to Natesto. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed. Baseline hormones prior to treatment, and again on CC and Natesto, as well as semen parameters on CC and on Natesto were assessed. RESULTS In 41 men, there was no difference in serum testosterone levels on CC vs Natesto, however; there was a significantly higher E2 on CC than on Natesto. Although FSH levels were significantly lower on Natesto than at baseline, the mean FSH level on Natesto remained in the normal reference range. There was no difference in luteinizing hormone levels at baseline vs on Natesto. There was not a significant difference in semen parameter values when men were on CC vs when they were on Natesto for 3 months. At 3 months after changing to Natesto, 38 of 41 (92.7%) men reported significantly improved libido on Natesto when compared to CC. CONCLUSION Men on CC and Natesto reach eugonadal testosterone levels, however; on CC the E2 level nearly doubled from baseline, and converting men from CC to Natesto returned E2 to nearly baseline levels. There was not a detrimental effect on semen parameters, and there was subjective reporting of improved libido after converting from CC to Natesto in this cohort, but further long-term studies are needed prior to Natesto being established as a definitive treatment for hypogonadism for men desiring to maintain fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melissa S Gilkey
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX
| | - Shu-Hung Chen
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX
| | | | - Amy Esqueda
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX
| | - J David Wininger
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX
| | - Maya Barsky
- Austin Fertility & Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Austin, TX
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15
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Wang E, Huang Y, Du Q, Sun Y. Alterations in reproductive parameters and gene expression in Balb/c mice testes after exposure to silver nanoparticles. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13841. [PMID: 33167059 DOI: 10.1111/and.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become one of the most common nanomaterials in various commercial products; however, its potential toxicity to the male reproductive system and the possible mechanisms remains unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the toxicity of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) in the testis and to elucidate its possible mechanisms. We exposed 6-week-old Balb/c male mice to AgNP daily [0 (control), 30 or 125 mg/kg BW] for 90 days. The histological structure, sperm production and levels of reproductive hormones were assessed; we also observed apoptotic cell nuclei and the ultrastructural characteristics of the testis. Microarray analyses were used to identify differentially expressed genes, and dysregulated apoptosis-related genes and protein were also analysed. Our results indicated that 125 mg/kg AgNP changed testis morphology and decreased sperm production. AgNP treatment also increased apoptosis of germ cells and induced the presence of swollen or dissolved mitochondria in the testis. Microarray analysis showed the expression of 383 genes was altered by AgNP treatment, with apoptosis-related genes showing the greatest changes. Furthermore, we verified dysregulated apoptosis-related genes and proteins (caspase3 and Myc). These results demonstrated that AgNP induced changes of testis morphology, sperm production and apoptosis-related genes, suggested this process maybe associated with apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enyin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Castellini C, Totaro M, Parisi A, D'Andrea S, Lucente L, Cordeschi G, Francavilla S, Francavilla F, Barbonetti A. Bisphenol A and Male Fertility: Myths and Realities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:353. [PMID: 32595601 PMCID: PMC7304337 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) represents the main chemical monomer of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. The environmental presence of BPA is widespread, and it can easily be absorbed by the human body through dietary and transdermal routes, so that more than 90% of the population in western countries display detectable BPA levels in the urine. As BPA is qualified as an endocrine disruptor, growing concern is rising for possible harmful effects on human health. This review critically discusses the available literature dealing with the possible impact of BPA on male fertility. In rodent models, the in vivo exposure to BPA negatively interfered with the regulation of spermatogenesis throughout the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Furthermore, in in vitro studies, BPA promoted mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative/apoptotic damages in spermatozoa from different species, including humans. To date, the claimed clinical adverse effects on male fertility are largely based on the results from studies assessing the relationship between urinary BPA concentration and conventional semen parameters. These studies, however, produced controversial evidence due to heterogeneity in the extent of BPA exposure, type of population, and enrollment setting. Moreover, the cause-effect relationship cannot be established due to the cross-sectional design of the studies as well as the large spontaneous between- and within-subject variability of semen parameters. The best evidence of an adverse effect of BPA on male fertility would be provided by prospective studies on clinically relevant endpoints, including natural or medically assisted pregnancies among men either with different exposure degrees (occupational/environmental) or with different clinical conditions (fertile/subfertile).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arcangelo Barbonetti
- Medical Andrology, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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17
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Xu Y, Liu R, Leu NA, Zhang L, Ibragmova I, Schultz DC, Wang PJ. A cell-based high-content screen identifies isocotoin as a small molecule inhibitor of the meiosis-specific MEIOB-SPATA22 complex†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:333-342. [PMID: 32463099 PMCID: PMC7523692 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MEIOB and SPATA22 are meiosis-specific proteins, interact with each other, and are essential for meiotic recombination and fertility. Aspartic acid 383 (D383) in MEIOB is critical for its interaction with SPATA22 in biochemical studies. Here we report that genetic studies validate the requirement of D383 for the function of MEIOB in mice. The MeiobD383A/D383A mice display meiotic arrest due to depletion of both MEIOB and SPATA22 proteins in the testes. We developed a cell-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay, in which MEIOB and SPATA22 are fused to split YFP moieties and their co-expression in cultured cells leads to the MEIOB–SPATA22 dimerization and reconstitution of the fluorophore. As expected, the interaction-disrupting D383A substitution results in the absence of YFP fluorescence in the BiFC assay. A high-throughput screen of small molecule libraries identified candidate hit compounds at a rate of 0.7%. Isocotoin, a hit compound from the natural product library, inhibits the MEIOB–SPATA22 interaction and promotes their degradation in HEK293 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the BiFC assay can be employed to screen for small molecule inhibitors that disrupt protein–protein interactions or promote degradation of meiosis-specific proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - N Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ilsiya Ibragmova
- High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Schultz
- High-Throughput Screening Core, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P Jeremy Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Su Q, Chen Y, Qin J, Li H, Liu M, Zhang Z, Liu Q. Ratio-dependent effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel compounds (EP-1) on reproductive parameters of adult male Swiss mice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 160:181-186. [PMID: 31519253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fertility control is considered as the second-generation pest rodent management strategy. Most previous studies have focused on the dosage-dependent effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel compounds (EP-1) at a ratio of 1:2, but the ratio-dependent effects of EP-1 have not been fully investigated, especially in male rodents. To test the ratio-dependent antifertility effects of EP-1 with different ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) on male Swiss outbred strain of laboratory mice, forty male mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10). Mice in the three treatment groups were provided one of the three EP-1 mixture compounds for 3 successive days via gavage at a dosage of 50 mg/kg(body weight), and then all mice were sacrificed 15 days after the gavage treatment. Reproductive organ weights, sperm density and motility, levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum and/or testis, and androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and aromatase in testis were determined. Each of the ratios of quinestrol and levonorgestrel significantly decreased the density and motility of sperm and induced atrophy of the epididymis and seminal vesicle. The combination of compounds also significantly reduced serum T and LH levels, increased testicular T levels and decreased testicular estradiol ERβ and aromatase levels. EP-1 delivered at a ratio of 1:1 induced the most significant effects on the reproductive parameters assessed and shows the potential for use in fertility control of male rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Quansheng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Reynolds-Wright JJ, Anderson R. Male contraception: where are we going and where have we been? BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2019; 45:bmjsrh-2019-200395. [PMID: 31537614 PMCID: PMC6892591 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Progress in developing new reversible male contraception has been slow. While the hormonal approach has been clearly shown to be capable of providing effective and reversible contraception, there remains no product available. Currently, trials of a self-administered gel combination of testosterone and the progestogen Nestorone® are under way, complementing the largely injectable methods previously investigated. Novel long-acting steroids with both androgenic and progestogenic activity are also in early clinical trials. The non-hormonal approach offers potential advantages, with potential sites of action on spermatogenesis, and sperm maturation in the epididymis or at the vas, but remains in preclinical testing. Surveys indicate the willingness of men, and their partners, to use a new male method, but they continue to lack that opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Joseph Reynolds-Wright
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Anderson
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Experimental mild increase in testicular temperature has drastic, but reversible, effect on sperm aneuploidy in men: A pilot study. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:189-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Ishii T, Hori N, Amano N, Aya M, Shibata H, Katsumata N, Hasegawa T. Pubertal and Adult Testicular Functions in Nonclassic Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Series and Review. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1367-1374. [PMID: 31286101 PMCID: PMC6608554 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (LCAH) is caused by mutations in STAR and characterized by a defect in steroidogenesis and lipid droplet accumulation in steroidogenic cells. Patients with 46,XY and classic LCAH will typically present with female-type external genitalia. However, those with nonclassic LCAH will have masculinized external genitalia. The rarity of the nonclassic form has precluded the clarification of the long-term outcomes of testicular function in nonclassic LCAH. We report the cases of three adult males with nonclassic LCAH in whom primary adrenal insufficiency had been diagnosed at 5 days, 4 years, and 5 years of age. All exhibited complete male external genitalia and had completed pubertal development without androgen replacement. The endocrinological data showed preserved gonadal function in patients 1 and 2 and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in patient 3. Semen analyses showed normozoospermia in patient 1 and mild oligozoospermia in patient 2. Electron microscopic analysis of a testicular biopsy specimen from patient 2 at 13 years of age revealed prominent lipid accumulation in the cytosol of Leydig cells. Patients 1 and 2 shared the same compound heterozygous mutations in STAR (p.Glu258* and p.Arg272Cys). Patient 3 possessed a heterozygous dominant-negative mutation in STAR (p.Gly22_Leu59del). A functional assay of a variant STAR-Arg272Cys determined the residual activity as 35% of the wild-type STAR. The results from the present case series and a review of four previously reported adult cases indicate that testosterone synthesis can be preserved in most males with nonclassic LCAH to complete pubertal development and induce germ cell maturation despite lipid accumulation in the Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoaki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Ota Memorial Hospital, Ota, Japan
| | - Naoko Amano
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Aya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Katsumata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Huhtaniemi I. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis: mutant mice challenging old paradigms. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:R143-R150. [PMID: 29959220 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The two pituitary gonadotrophins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and in particular LH-stimulated high intratesticular testosterone (ITT) concentration, are considered crucial for spermatogenesis. We have revisited these concepts in genetically modified mice, one being the LH receptor (R)-knockout mouse (LuRKO), the other a transgenic mouse expressing in Sertoli cells a highly constitutively active mutated Fshr (Fshr-CAM). It was found that full spermatogenesis was induced by exogenous testosterone treatment in LuRKO mice at doses that restored ITT concentration to a level corresponding to the normal circulating testosterone level in WT mice, ≈5 nmol/L, which is 1.4% of the normal high ITT concentration. When hypogonadal LuRKO and Fshr-CAM mice were crossed, the double-mutant mice with strong FSH signaling, but minimal testosterone production, showed near-normal spermatogenesis, even when their residual androgen action was blocked with the strong antiandrogen flutamide. In conclusion, our findings challenge two dogmas of the hormonal regulation of male fertility: (1) high ITT concentration is not necessary for spermatogenesis and (2) strong FSH stimulation can maintain spermatogenesis without testosterone. These findings have clinical relevance for the development of hormonal male contraception and for the treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilpo Huhtaniemi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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23
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Amouroux M, Mieusset R, Desbriere R, Opinel P, Karsenty G, Paci M, Fernandes S, Courbiere B, Perrin J. Are men ready to use thermal male contraception? Acceptability in two French populations: New fathers and new providers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195824. [PMID: 29813095 PMCID: PMC5973589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the 1970s, international research has actively pursued hormonal male contraception (HMC) and, to a lesser extent, thermal male contraception (TMC). Although the efficacy of TMC has been confirmed in limited populations, its acceptability has not been studied in either potential users or potential prescribers. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive multicentre study of potential male users of TMC (new fathers) and potential prescribers of TMC (new providers) was conducted between November 2016 and February 2017.The participants completed a 3-part survey, and their responses were evaluated to i) determine their socio-demographic profiles; ii) identify personal experiences with contraception; and iii) gauge the participants’ knowledge, interest and preference for male contraception, particularly TMC. For new providers only, the survey included a fourth part to evaluate professional experience with male contraception. Results The participation rate was 51% for new fathers (305 NFs) and 34% for new providers (300 NPs, including 97 men (male new providers, MNPs) and 203 women (female new providers, FNPs)). Only 3% of NFs and 15% of NPs knew about TMC (including 26% of the MNPs and 10% of the FNPs, p<0.01). After reading information on TMC, new fathers were significantly less willing to try TMC (29%) than were new providers (40%) (p<0.01). The 3 main advantages of TMC for the new fathers included the following factors: “natural” (52%), “without side effects” (38%) and “non-hormonal” (36%). The main disadvantages were “lengthy wear time” (56%), “daily undergarment wear” (43%) and “concern about possible discomfort” (39%). Conclusions Young male and female providers have limited knowledge of male contraception, are interested in further information and would generally prescribe TMC to their patients. Successful expansion of the use of male contraception, including TMC, would require distribution of better information to potential users and providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Amouroux
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Roger Mieusset
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Groupe de Recherche en Fertilité Humaine (Human Fertility Research Group), Toulouse, France
- Andrologie-Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Raoul Desbriere
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Pôle Parents Enfants, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Bd de Louvain, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Opinel
- Centre Hospitalier Pays d'Aix, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Gilles Karsenty
- Service d’Urologie et Transplantation Rénale, Aix Marseille Université, CHU La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Paci
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910, Marseille, France
- AP-HM La Conception, Centre Clinico-Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation -CECOS, Marseille, France
| | - Sara Fernandes
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique, bd Jean Moulin–Marseille, France
| | - Blandine Courbiere
- AP-HM La Conception, Centre Clinico-Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation -CECOS, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Univ, IMBE UMR 7263, Marseille, France
| | - Jeanne Perrin
- AP-HM La Conception, Centre Clinico-Biologique d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation -CECOS, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Univ, IMBE UMR 7263, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Liu M, Luo R, Wang H, Cao G, Wang Y. Recovery of fertility in quinestrol-treated or diethylstilbestrol-treated mice: Implications for rodent management. Integr Zool 2017; 12:250-259. [PMID: 27611741 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fertility control is an alternative strategy to traditional culling for the management of rodent pests. Previous studies have demonstrated that quinestrol is a potential contraceptive for male rodents, but the recovery of fertility in quinestrol-treated rodents has not been evaluated. This study used C57BL/6J mice to evaluate the recovery rate of male fertility after the administration of quinestrol. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a non-steroid estrogenic compound, was used for comparison. Different groups of mice were treated with 1 mg/kg quinestrol, 1 mg/kg DES, or castor oil separately for 7 days. These mice were then killed on days 8, 22 and 50 respectively. Our results indicated that the weight of epididymides and seminal vesicles decreased significantly on days 8 and 22 in quinestrol/DES-treated mice, with extensive histological changes in the seminiferous tubules. Sperm concentrations in the cauda epididymal fluid were significantly reduced on days 8 and 22 in both quinestrol and DES treatment groups and on day 50 for the DES, but not the quinestrol group. Further analysis revealed that DES-treated mice exhibited a higher proportion of abnormal sperm accumulation in the epididymis, indicating that the normal sperm transportation to the cauda epididymis was blocked. Our results indicate that the anti-fertility effects on male mice given quinestrol were of shorter duration than for those receiving DES at the dose of 1 mg/kg body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongcan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Piotrowska K, Wang C, Swerdloff RS, Liu PY. Male hormonal contraception: hope and promise. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:214-223. [PMID: 26915313 PMCID: PMC4993687 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Family planning is a shared responsibility, but available male-directed contraceptive methods are either not easily reversible (vasectomy) or not sufficiently effective (condom). However, roughly 20% of couples using a contraceptive method worldwide, and up to 80% in some countries, still choose a male-directed method. Male hormonal contraception is highly effective, with perfect use failure rates of 0·6% (95% CI 0·3-1·1) if sperm concentrations of less than 1 million per mL are maintained. After cessation of male hormonal contraception, sperm output fully recovers in a predictable manner, resulting in pregnancies and livebirths. Spontaneous miscarriage and fetal malformation rates after recovery of sperm output overlap those in the general population. Short-term adverse events-acne, night sweats, increased weight, and altered mood and libido-are recognised, but are generally mild. Further optimisation of specific androgen-progestin regimens and phase 3 studies of lead combinations are still needed to successfully develop an approved male hormonal contraceptive and to identify long-term side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ronald S Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Peter Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) Torrance, CA, USA.
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Human X-linked Intellectual Disability Factor CUL4B Is Required for Post-meiotic Sperm Development and Male Fertility. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20227. [PMID: 26832838 PMCID: PMC4735749 DOI: 10.1038/srep20227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that an E3-ubiquitin ligase associated with human X-linked intellectual disability, CUL4B, plays a crucial role in post-meiotic sperm development. Initially, Cul4b(Δ)/Y male mice were found to be sterile and exhibited a progressive loss in germ cells, thereby leading to oligoasthenospermia. Adult Cul4b mutant epididymides also contained very low numbers of mature spermatozoa, and these spermatazoa exhibited pronounced morphological abnormalities. In post-meiotic spermatids, CUL4B was dynamically expressed and mitosis of spermatogonia and meiosis of spermatocytes both appeared unaffected. However, the spermatids exhibited significantly higher levels of apoptosis during spermiogenesis, particularly during the acrosome phase through the cap phase. Comparative proteomic analyses identified a large-scale shift between wild-type and Cul4b mutant testes during early post-meiotic sperm development. Ultrastructural pathology studies further detected aberrant acrosomes in spermatids and nuclear morphology. The protein levels of both canonical and non-canonical histones were also affected in an early spermatid stage in the absence of Cul4b. Thus, X-linked CUL4B appears to play a critical role in acrosomal formation, nuclear condensation, and in regulating histone dynamics during haploid male germ cell differentiation in relation to male fertility in mice. Thus, it is possible that CUL4B-selective substrates are required for post-meiotic sperm morphogenesis.
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Liu Z, Liu X, Du Y, Ren J, Qu X. Using Plasmonic Copper Sulfide Nanocrystals as Smart Light-Driven Sterilants. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10335-46. [PMID: 26331394 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As an efficient route to control pet overpopulation and develop neutered experimental animals, male sterilization via surgical techniques, chemical injections, and antifertility vaccines has brought particular attention recently. However, these traditional ways usually induce long-term adverse reactions, immune suppression, and serious infection and pain. To overcome the above limitations, we developed a platform in the present study by using plasmonic copper sulfide nanocrystals (Cu2-xS NCs) as intelligent light-driven sterilants with ideal outcomes. Upon NIR laser irradiation, these well-prepared Cu2-xS NCs can possess NIR-induced hyperthermia and generate high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to the cooperation of photothermal and photodynamic effects, these nanocrystals exhibited NIR-mediated toxicity toward Sertoli cells both in vitro and in vivo in a mild manner. We attribute the potential mechanism of cellular injury to the apoptosis-related death and denaturation of protein in the testicles. Furthermore, the possible metabolism route and long-term toxicity of these nanocrystals after testicular injection indicate their high biocompatibility. Taking together, our study on the NIR-induced toxicity of Cu2-xS NCs provides keen insights for the usage of plasmonic nanomaterials in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yingda Du
- College of Life Science, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Changchun 130022, China
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Liu Z, Liu X, Ran X, Ju E, Ren J, Qu X. Single-layer tungsten oxide as intelligent photo-responsive nanoagents for permanent male sterilization. Biomaterials 2015; 69:56-64. [PMID: 26280950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Permanent male sterilization has been recognized as useful tools for the development of neuter experimental animals and fattening livestock, as well as efficient control of pet overpopulation. Traditional routes such as surgical ways, chemical injections, and anti-fertility vaccines have addressed these crucial problems with idea outcomes. However, these routes usually bring out serious pain and infection towards animals, as well as induce long-term adverse reaction and immune suppression. Thus, a convenient, but non-surgical strategy for male sterilization under a mild manner is highly desirable. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a novel platform for male sterilization by using single-layer WO2.72 nanosheets as smart photo-responsive sterilants. Upon a 980 nm irradiation, these nanoagents can possess intrinsic NIR-induced hyperthermia and sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen due to the cooperation of photothermal and photodynamic effects. Mechanism of cellular injury can be attributed to the denaturation of protein and apoptosis-related death. Moreover, long-term toxicity and possible metabolism route after testicular injection are discussed, indicating the neglectable systemic toxicity and high bio-compatibility of our nanoagents. Overall, our strategy can extremely overcome the shortcomings in various routine routes and suggest the new biological application of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xianjun Liu
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Enguo Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China.
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China.
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Stokes VJ, Anderson RA, George JT. How does obesity affect fertility in men - and what are the treatment options? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 82:633-8. [PMID: 25138694 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adiposity is associated with reduced fertility in men. The aetiology is multifactorial, with obese men at greater risk of suffering from impaired spermatogenesis, reduced circulating testosterone levels, erectile dysfunction and poor libido. The diagnosis and treatment of reduced fertility observed in obese men therefore requires insight into the underlying pathology, which has hormonal, mechanical and psychosocial aspects. This article summarises the current epidemiological, experimental and clinical trial evidence from the perspective of a practicing clinician. The following conclusions and recommendations can be drawn: Obesity is associated with low serum testosterone concentrations, but treatment with exogenous testosterone is likely to adversely impact on fertility. It is important to discuss this with men prior to initiation of testosterone therapy. Obesity adversely affects sperm concentration and may affect sperm quality. However, whether or not weight loss will correct these factors remain to be established. Oestrogen receptor modulators (and aromatase inhibitors) are unlicensed in the treatment for male hypogonadism and/or infertility. These treatments should hence be considered experimental approach until ongoing clinical trials report their outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Stokes
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Present status of quinoxaline motifs: Excellent pathfinders in therapeutic medicine. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:688-715. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Oduwole OO, Vydra N, Wood NEM, Samanta L, Owen L, Keevil B, Donaldson M, Naresh K, Huhtaniemi IT. Overlapping dose responses of spermatogenic and extragonadal testosterone actions jeopardize the principle of hormonal male contraception. FASEB J 2014; 28:2566-76. [PMID: 24599970 PMCID: PMC4376501 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-249219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T), alone or in combination with progestin, provides a promising approach to hormonal male contraception. Its principle relies on enhanced negative feedback of exogenous T to suppress gonadotropins, thereby blocking the testicular T production needed for spermatogenesis, while simultaneously maintaining the extragonadal androgen actions, such as potency and libido, to avoid hypogonadism. A serious drawback of the treatment is that a significant proportion of men do not reach azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, commensurate with contraceptive efficacy. We tested here, using hypogonadal luteinizing hormone/choriongonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) knockout (LHR−/−) mice, the basic principle of the T-based male contraceptive method, that a specific T dose could maintain extragonadal androgen actions without simultaneously activating spermatogenesis. LHR−/− mice were treated with increasing T doses, and the responses of their spermatogenesis and extragonadal androgen actions (including gonadotropin suppression and sexual behavior) were assessed. Conspicuously, all dose responses to T were practically superimposable, and no dose of T could be defined that would maintain sexual function and suppress gonadotropins without simultaneously activating spermatogenesis. This finding, never addressed in clinical contraceptive trials, is not unexpected in light of the same androgen receptor mediating androgen actions in all organs. When extrapolated to humans, our findings may jeopardize the current approach to hormonal male contraception and call for more effective means of inhibiting intratesticular T production or action, to achieve consistent spermatogenic suppression.—Oduwole, O. O., Vydra, N., Wood, N. E. M., Samanta, L., Owen, L., Keevil, B., Donaldson, M., Naresh, K., Huhtaniemi, I. T. Overlapping dose responses of spermatogenic and extragonadal testosterone actions jeopardize the principle of hormonal male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayiwola O Oduwole
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, and
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, and Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Nicholas E M Wood
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, and
| | - Luna Samanta
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
| | - Laura Owen
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK; and
| | - Brian Keevil
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK; and
| | - Mandy Donaldson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kikkeri Naresh
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Ilpo T Huhtaniemi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, and
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Abstract
Now-a-days reproductive health problems along with infertility in male is very often observed. Various Assisted Reproductive Technologies have been introduced to solve the problem, but common people cannot afford the cost of such procedures. Various ayurvedic and other alternative medicines, along with regular yoga practice are proven to be not only effective to enhance the reproductive health in men to produce a successful pregnancy, but also to regulate sexual desire in men who practice celibacy. Yoga is reported to reduce stress and anxiety, improve autonomic functions by triggering neurohormonal mechanisms by the suppression of sympathetic activity, and even, today, several reports suggested regular yoga practice from childhood is beneficial for reproductive health. In this regard the present review is aimed to provide all the necessary information regarding the effectiveness of yoga practice to have a better reproductive health and to prevent infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Li WQ, Sun CY, Wang F, Wang YC, Zhai YW, Liang M, Liu WJ, Liu ZM, Wang J, Sun F. Achieving a new controllable male contraception by the photothermal effect of gold nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:2477-2484. [PMID: 23688274 DOI: 10.1021/nl400536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
During the process of human civilization, owning household pets has become increasingly popular. However, dogs and cats may be reservoirs or vectors of transmissible diseases to humans. Confronted with the overpopulation of pets, traditional contraception methods, surgical methods of sterilization, for animals are used, namely, ovariohysterectomy and orchidectomy. Therefore, a simple, nonsurgical, controllable, more effective and less expensive contraception method is highly desirable. In this study, we show that in situ testicular injection of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-modified gold nanorods with near-infrared irradiation in male mice can achieve short-lived or permanent male infertility. In a lower hyperthermia treatment, the morphology of testes and seminiferous tubules is only partly injured, and fertility indices are decreased to 10% at day 7, then recovered to 50% at day 60. In a higher hyperthermia treatment, the morphology of testes and seminiferous tubules are totally destroyed, and fertility indices are decreased to 0 at day 7. Overall, our results indicate a potential application of plasmonic nanomaterials for male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-qing Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Yu J, Zhou S, Jiang X, Bai J, Wang G. Knockdown of sAC affects sperm hyperactivation by cAMP-signaling pathway in male rat (Rattus norvegicus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sitruk-Ware R, Nath A, Mishell DR. Contraception technology: past, present and future. Contraception 2013; 87:319-30. [PMID: 22995540 PMCID: PMC3530627 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Steady progress in contraception research has been achieved over the past 50 years. Hormonal and nonhormonal modern contraceptives have improved women's lives by reducing different health conditions that contributed to considerable morbidity. However, the contraceptives available today are not suitable to all users, and the need to expand contraceptive choices still exists. Novel products such as new implants, contraceptive vaginal rings, transdermal patches and newer combinations of oral contraceptives have recently been introduced in family planning programs, and hormonal contraception is widely used for spacing and limiting births. Concerns over the adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives have led to research and development of new combinations with improved metabolic profile. Recent developments include use of natural compounds such as estradiol and estradiol valerate with the hope to decrease thrombotic risk, in combination with newer progestins derived from the progesterone structure or from spirolactone, in order to avoid the androgenic effects. Progesterone antagonists and progesterone receptor modulators are highly effective in blocking ovulation and preventing follicular rupture and are undergoing investigations in the form of oral pills and in semi-long-acting delivery systems. Future developments also include the combination of a contraceptive with an antiretroviral agent for dual contraception and protection against sexually transmitted diseases, to be used before intercourse or on demand, as well as for continuous use in dual-protection rings. Although clinical trials of male contraception have reflected promising results, limited involvement of industry in that area of research has decreased the likelihood of having a male method available in the current decade. Development of nonhormonal methods is still at an early stage of research, with the identification of specific targets within the reproductive system in ovaries and testes, as well as interactions between spermatozoa and ova. It is hoped that the introduction of new methods with additional health benefits would help women and couples with unmet needs to obtain access to a wider range of contraceptives with improved acceptability.
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Gui YL, He CH, Amory JK, Bremner WJ, Zheng EX, Yang J, Yang PJ, Gao ES. Male Hormonal Contraception: Suppression of Spermatogenesis by Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate Alone or With Levonorgestrel Implants in Chinese Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:720-7. [PMID: 15292101 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monthly injections of testosterone undecanoate (TU) act as a male contraceptive by reversibly suppressing spermatogenesis to azoospermia or severe oligoazoospermia in 95% of Chinese men. In 5% of Chinese men, however, monthly TU administered alone fails to suppress spermatogenesis into contraceptive ranges, or sperm "rebound," leading to occurrences of pregnancy during treatment. Since combinations of progestins and androgens are associated with greater degrees of sperm suppression in white men, we hypothesized that the combination of TU and the progestin levonorgestrel (LNG) would result in improved spermatogenic suppression in Chinese men. Sixty-two healthy Chinese men were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 regimens: group I (n = 21) received 4 LNG rods (75 mg each), which were followed 4 weeks later by 500 mg of TU by intra-muscular (IM) injection every 8 weeks for 24 weeks; group II (n = 20) received 4 LNG implants, which were followed 4 weeks later by 1000 mg of TU by IM injection every 8 weeks for 24 weeks; and group III (n = 21) received TU 1000 mg by IM injection every 8 weeks for 24 weeks. Sperm counts, serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and LNG were measured every 2 weeks before, during, and after treatment. During treatment, group II demonstrated a trend toward a greater attainment of azoospermia than groups I and III (90% vs 62% [group I] vs 67% [group III]; P =.09). Attainments of either azoospermia or oligozoospermia (sperm density, <3 x 10(6)/mL) were 95%, 100%, and 86% for groups I, II, and III, respectively (P >.05 for comparisons between groups). Spermatogenesis in all subjects returned to the normal range after the implants were removed. No serious adverse events and no significant changes in serum chemistry occurred during the study. These results demonstrate that the combination of IM injections of high-dose TU every 2 months and LNG implants is associated with marked suppression of spermatogenesis in Chinese men. The combination of high-dose TU every 2 months and LNG implants is a promising candidate for future large-scale efficacy studies of hormonal male contraception in Chinese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lun Gui
- Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, 2140 Xie Tu Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhang J, Ding X, Li Y, Xia Y, Nie J, Yi C, Wang X, Tong J. Association of CLOCK gene variants with semen quality in idiopathic infertile Han-Chinese males. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25:536-42. [PMID: 22999556 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental animal studies suggested that the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput protein gene (CLOCK) may play an important role in male reproduction. So far, such data for humans are not available. This study used single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to examine the association between CLOCK and semen quality in a human population with idiopathic infertility. Three-variant genotyping of CLOCK and semen analysis were performed in 478 men with idiopathic infertility by SNP genotyping assays and computer-aided sperm analysis. Subjects carrying a C allele at rs3749474 (CC and TC) presented significantly lower semen volume (P=<0.001 and 0.001, respectively) compared with the TT genotype. Subjects carrying the rs3749474 CC genotype had significantly lower sperm number per ejaculate (P=0.026) and sperm motility (P=0.021) than TT genotype carriers. rs1801260 TC genotype carriers had significantly lower sperm motility compared with the TT genotype (P=0.028). For the rs3817444 genotypes, CA and AA genotype carriers presented significantly lower semen volume compared with the CC genotype (P=0.022 and 0.001, respectively). The findings suggest, as far as is known for the first time, an association between CLOCK genetic variants and altered semen quality in a human population with idiopathic infertility. The gene encoding the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput protein (CLOCK) functions as an important positive enhancer of the circadian system. The observations reported in recent experimental animal studies suggested that CLOCK may play an important role in male reproduction. So far, such data for humans are not available. In this study, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were used to examine the association between CLOCK and semen quality in human population with idiopathic infertility. Three-variant genotyping of CLOCK and semen analysis were performed in 478 males with idiopathic infertility by SNP genotyping assays and computer-assisted semen analysis. The results showed that the subjects carrying a C allele at rs3749474 (CC and TC) presented significantly lower semen volume compared with the TT genotype. For subjects carrying the CC genotype, sperm number per ejaculate and sperm motility were significantly lower compared with TT genotype carriers. The rs1801260 TC genotype carriers also had significantly lower sperm motility compared with the TT genotype. For the rs3817444 genotypes, the CA and AA genotype carriers presented significantly lower semen volume compared with the CC genotype. The findings suggested, as far as is known for the first time, an association between CLOCK genetic variants and altered semen quality in a human population with idiopathic infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Liu M, Wan X, Yin Y, Li YX, Sun F, Zhang Z, Wang YL. Subfertile effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel in male rats. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:297-308. [PMID: 22281075 DOI: 10.1071/rd10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The contraceptive regimen consisting of levonorgestrel and quinestrol (EP-1) has been shown to be effective in several types of wild rodents. In the present study, we investigated the effect of EP-1 and its two components on fertility and spermatogenesis to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its contraceptive effect. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 0.33 mgkg(-1) quinestrol (E group), 0.67 mgkg(-1) levonorgestrel (P group) or their combination (EP group) for 7 days and then killed on Days 21 or 42 after treatment for tissue analysis. On Day 21, the weight of the cauda epididymis decreased significantly, while the weight of the adrenal gland increased significantly in the E and EP groups compared with the weights in the control group. In addition, there was a significant decrease in sperm number in the E and EP groups compared with the control group and there was less staining for the androgen receptor and Wilms' tumour nuclear protein 1 in the E and EP groups. The primary defects in E- or EP-treated rats were abnormal spermiogenesis, lack of elongating spermatids, and pachytene spermatocyte arrest. Analysis of MutL homologue 1 revealed that EP treatment inhibited chromosome recombination during meiosis, but did not cause obvious genetic abnormalities. These data demonstrate that quinestrol, alone or in combination with levonorgestrel, induces subfertility in male rats mainly by interfering with germ cell differentiation. Thus, EP-1 or E alone may be effective contraceptive regimens for fertility control in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insets and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China
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Zitzmann M. Hormonelle Kontrazeption beim Mann. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-011-0447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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García-Becerra R, Ordaz-Rosado D, Noé G, Chávez B, Cooney AJ, Larrea F. Comparison of 7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone effectiveness alone or combined with progestins on androgen receptor mediated-transactivation. Reproduction 2012; 143:211-9. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT) is an androgen with potent gonadotropin inhibitory activity and prostate-sparing effects. These attributes give MENT advantages over testosterone as a male contraceptive, but, as in the case of testosterone, a partial dose-dependent suppression of spermatogenesis has been observed. Combination of testosterone or MENT with synthetic progestins improves the rate of azoospermia; however, it is unknown whether these combinations affect hormone androgenicity or exert synergistic effects via progestational or androgenic interaction. Herein, using transactivation assays, we examined the ability of MENT alone or combined with several 19-nor-derived synthetic progestins to activate androgen receptor (AR)-dependent gene transcription. In addition, the capability of 7α-methyl-estradiol (7α-methyl-E2), an aromatized metabolite of MENT, to transactivate gene transcription via estrogen receptor α (ERα; ESR1) or ERβ (ESR2) was also investigated. As expected, MENT induced gene transactivation through either the progesterone receptor (PGR) or the AR. MENT was as efficient as progesterone in activating PGR-mediated reporter gene expression, but it was ten times more potent than testosterone and dihydrotestoterone in activating of AR-driven gene expression. The addition of increasing concentrations of other 19-nortestosterone derivatives (norethisterone or levonorgestrel) did not affect, in a significant manner, the ability of MENT to activate AR-dependent reporter gene transcription. The same results were obtained with different cell lines. 7α-Methyl-E2 resulted in potent estrogen activity via both ER subtypes with efficiency similar to natural E2. These results suggest that the addition of 19-nortestosterone-derived progestins, as a hormonal adjuvant in male fertility strategies for effective spermatogenic suppression, does not display any detrimental effect that would interfere with MENT androgenic transcriptional activity.
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Histological changes induced by testosterone abuse in the testis and the skeletal muscle of adult male albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000406602.20943.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zhang Z, Wang GL, Li HX, Li L, Cui QW, Wei CB, Zhou F. Regulation of fertilization in male rats by CatSper2 knockdown. Asian J Androl 2011; 14:301-9. [PMID: 22002435 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2011.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in ion channels as drug targets for contraception has grown with the realization that certain ion channel subunits are located exclusively in sperm. Selective knockdown of ion channel subunits can lead to infertility without ill effects, and selective inhibitors and/or openers of these ion channels could interfere with sperm function. In this study, in vivo electroporation (EP) and rete testis microinjection-mediated plasmid DNA were adopted to silence CatSper2 expression, which is essential in sperm hyperactivation. The results showed that high transfection efficiency and expression were achieved by plasmid DNA that was directly injected into the rete testis. As a result of the expression of CatSper2 being blocked, the treatment group showed significantly lower (P<0.05) hyperactivation rate, fertilization rate in vitro, migration motility in viscoelastic solution and intracellular Ca(2+) peak. The low hyperactivation and fertilization rates lasted for 60 days. Meanwhile, analysis of the sperm survival rate and testis histology indicated that in vivo EP had no significant effect on the function of the testis, spermatogenesis or sperm activity. The present study demonstrated that it was feasible to achieve male contraception by silencing the expression of CatSper2, the key protein involved in sperm hyperactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Chadwick KD, Burkman RT, Tornesi BM, Mahadevan B. Fifty Years of “the Pill”: Risk Reduction and Discovery of Benefits Beyond Contraception, Reflections, and Forecast. Toxicol Sci 2011; 125:2-9. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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In-vitro metabolic inhibition and antifertility effect facilitated by membrane alteration: Search for novel antifertility agent using nifedipine analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3581-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cheng YH, Wong EW, Cheng CY. Cancer/testis (CT) antigens, carcinogenesis and spermatogenesis. SPERMATOGENESIS 2011; 1:209-220. [PMID: 22319669 PMCID: PMC3271663 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.1.3.17990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During spermatogenesis, spermatogonial stem cells, undifferentiated and differentiated spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa all express specific antigens, yet the functions of many of these antigens remain unexplored. Studies in the past three decades have shown that many of these transiently expressed genes in developing germ cells are proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, which are expressed only in the testis and various types of cancers in humans and rodents. As such, these antigens are designated cancer/testis antigens (CT antigens). Since the early 1980s, about 70 families of CT antigens have been identified with over 140 members are known to date. Due to their restricted expression in the testis and in various tumors in humans, they have been used as the target of immunotherapy. Multiple clinical trials at different phases are now being conducted with some promising results. Interestingly, in a significant number of cancer patients, antibodies against some of these CT antigens were detected in their sera. However, antibodies against these CT antigens in humans under normal physiological conditions have yet to be reported even though many of these antigens are residing outside of the blood-testis barrier (BTB), such as in the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium and in the stem cell niche in the testis. In this review, we summarize latest findings in the field regarding several selected CT antigens which may be intimately related to spermatogenesis due to their unusual restricted expression during different discrete events of spermatogenesis, such as cell cycle progression, meiosis and spermiogenesis. This information should be helpful to investigators in the field to study the roles of these oncogenes in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ho Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research; The Population Council; New York, NY USA
- Richmond University Medical Center; Staten Island, NY USA
| | - Elissa Wp Wong
- Center for Biomedical Research; The Population Council; New York, NY USA
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Research; The Population Council; New York, NY USA
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Nieschlag E, Vorona E, Wenk M, Hemker AK, Kamischke A, Zitzmann M. Hormonal male contraception in men with normal and subnormal semen parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:556-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chung SSW, Wang X, Roberts SS, Griffey SM, Reczek PR, Wolgemuth DJ. Oral administration of a retinoic Acid receptor antagonist reversibly inhibits spermatogenesis in mice. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2492-502. [PMID: 21505053 PMCID: PMC3100616 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated a pharmacological approach to inhibit spermatogenesis in the mouse model by manipulating retinoid signaling using low doses of the pan-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist BMS-189453. Spermatogenesis was disrupted, with a failure of spermatid alignment and sperm release and loss of germ cells into lumen, abnormalities that resembled those in vitamin A-deficient and RARα-knockout testes. Importantly, the induced sterility was reversible. Enhanced efficacy and a lengthened infertility period with full recovery of spermatogenesis were observed using systematically modified dosing regimens. Hematology, serum chemistry, and hormonal and pathological evaluations revealed no detectable abnormalities or adverse side effects except the distinct testicular pathology. Our results suggest that testes are exquisitely sensitive to disruption of retinoid signaling and that RAR antagonists may represent new lead molecules in developing nonsteroidal male contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny S W Chung
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Abstract
The development of male hormonal contraception has progressed significantly during the last three decades. The ultimate goal is to produce an effective, safe and reversible male method of contraception that are within reach of and can be used by all men globally. This review aims to outline the recent developments in male hormonal contraception with special emphasis on how ethnicity influences acceptability, extent of sperm suppression, and rate of recovery of spermatogenesis. Baseline differences in testicular histomorphology and testosterone metabolism between East Asian and Caucasian men have been reported, but whether this contributes significantly to varying degrees of sperm suppression in response to exogenous testosterone therapy is less known. Testosterone alone male hormonal contraceptive regimens are effective and applicable for East Asian men, and less so for Caucasians. Combinations of progestins with androgens are sufficient to optimize effectiveness of suppression and applicability to all ethnicities. New compounds such as steroidal or non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators with dual androgenic and progestational activities are potential compounds for further development as male hormonal contraceptive methods. At the present time, combined androgen and progestin contraceptive regimens appear to be effective, safe, reversible and convenient to use for all men with ethnic, cultural and environmental differences. Further refinements on the hormonal agent, methods of delivery, and dose optimization of the androgen relative to the progestin are necessary. This goal mandates further investment and large clinical trials in multiethnic populations to better define safety and efficacy.
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49
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O'Connor DB, Ferguson E, O'Connor RC. Intentions to use hormonal male contraception: The role of message framing, attitudes and stress appraisals. Br J Psychol 2010; 96:351-69. [PMID: 16131412 DOI: 10.1348/000712605x49114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two studies are reported. Study one (N = 104) explored the extent to which male hormonal contraception is perceived as risky compared to other prevention behaviours. Study two examined the effects of message framing on intentions to use hormonal male contraception and investigated whether attitude moderates message framing effects. Three hundred and four participants read either a loss frame or gain frame message and then completed questionnaires assessing their intentions to use hormonal male contraception, stress appraisals and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) variables. Exposure to a loss frame influenced intention to use the daily male pill in men with a more positive attitude. This suggests that attitude, but not other TPB variables or stress appraisals have the capacity to moderate framing effects. Stress appraisals, in addition to TPB variables, significantly predicted variance in behavioural intentions in men and women. These findings are discussed within the context of Prospect Theory, perceived risk and prevention/detection behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl B O'Connor
- Health Psychology Research Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. d.b.o'
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Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Wang C. Recent methodological advances in male hormonal contraception. Contraception 2010; 82:471-5. [PMID: 20933121 PMCID: PMC2953479 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Landmark WHO-sponsored trials showed decades ago that male hormonal contraception (MHC) is an effective male-directed contraceptive approach. Considerable progress has been made particularly in the last 5 years, establishing for the first time the reversibility of MHC and its short-term safety. Methodological advances in recent years include the pooling of information and individual-level integrated analysis; the first-time use of centralized semen analysis and fluorescence to detect low sperm concentrations; the establishment of sperm quality reference ranges in fertile men; the measurement of blood steroid concentrations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; and the inclusion of placebo groups to delineate clearly possible adverse effects of androgens and progestins in men. We report integrated analyses of factors that are important in predicting suppression and recovery of spermatogenesis after MHC clinical trials for the past 15 years. These are the best data available and will provide guidance and reassurance for the larger-scale Phase III specific regimen efficacy studies that will be required to bring MHC to the population (market).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y. Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509
- Endocrine and Metabolic Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research University of Sydney and Concord Hospital
| | - Ronald S. Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509
| | - Christina Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90509
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