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Contreras-Zentella ML, Alatriste-Contreras MG, Suárez-Cuenca JA, Hernández-Muñoz R. Gender effect of glucose, insulin/glucagon ratio, lipids, and nitrogen-metabolites on serum HGF and EGF levels in patients with diabetes type 2. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1362305. [PMID: 38654922 PMCID: PMC11035728 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1362305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exhibits potent growth-inducing properties across various tissues, while epidermal growth factor (EGF) acts as a molecular integration point for diverse stimuli. HGF plays a crucial role in hepatic metabolism, tissue repair, and offers protective effects on epithelial and non-epithelial organs, in addition to its involvement in reducing apoptosis and inflammation, underscoring its anti-inflammatory capabilities. The HGF-Met system is instrumental in hepatic metabolism and enhancing insulin sensitivity in animal diabetes models. Similarly, the EGF and its receptor tyrosine kinase family (EGFR) are critical in regulating cell growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation in both healthy and diseased states, with EGF also contributing to insulin sensitivity. In this observational study, we aimed to identify correlations between serum levels of HGF and EGF, insulin, glucagon, glucose, and primary serum lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), taking into account the impact of gender. We noted differences in the management of glucose, insulin, and glucagon between healthy men and women, potentially due to the distinct influences of sexual hormones on the development of type 2 DM. Additionally, metabolites such as glucose, albumin, direct bilirubin, nitrites, and ammonia might influence serum levels of growth factors and hormones. In summary, our results highlight the regulatory role of insulin and glucagon in serum glucose and lipids, along with variations in HGF and EGF levels, which are affected by gender. This link is especially significant in DM, where impaired cell proliferation or repair mechanisms lead to metabolic changes. The gender-based differences in growth factors point to their involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lucinda Contreras-Zentella
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Gabriela Alatriste-Contreras
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Economía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Suárez-Cuenca
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General “Xoco”, Secretaría de Salud (SS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Pérez-Arana GM, Almorza-Gomar D, Mayo-Ossorio MA, Ramírez AC, Castro-Santiago MJ, Valverde-Martínez A, Casado-Maestre MD, Visiedo F, Bohórquez-Sierra JC, Prada-Oliveira JA. Gastrin: a new branch of the gastropancreatic axis that can explain the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on glucose metabolism. J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:381-388. [PMID: 38583887 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among bariatric techniques, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) stands out owing to its efficiency. The role of the stomach as a secretory organ of many substances, such as gastrin, related to insulin secretion is well known. Gastrin induces insulin release in isolated pancreatic islets, limiting somatostatin-14 intraislet release, and has been associated with blood glucose level improvement in diabetic models after SG. SG involves gastric resection along the greater curvature. This study aimed to determine the role of gastrin in glucose metabolism improvement after SG with the aid of the gastrin antagonist netazepide. METHODS In 12 sham-operated, 12 SG-operated, and 12 SG-operated/netazepide-treated Wistar rats, we compared medium- and long-term plasma insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, and plasma gastrin levels. In addition, gastrin expression was assessed in the gastric remnant, and the beta-cell mass was measured. RESULTS SG induced a medium-term elevation of the insulin response and plasma gastrin levels without modification of the OGTT results. However, long-term depletion of the insulin response with elevated OGTT areas under the curve and plasma gastrin levels appeared after SG. Netazepide prevented the SG effect on these parameters. Gastrin tissue expression was greater in SG animals than in SG/netazepide-treated or control animals. The beta-cell mass was lower in the SG group than in the control or SG/netazepide group. CONCLUSION Gastrin plays a central role in glucose improvement after SG. It stimulates a medium-term strong insulin response but also causes long-term beta-cell mass depletion and a loss of insulin response. These effects are prevented by gastrin antagonists such as netazepide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo-Martín Pérez-Arana
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - David Almorza-Gomar
- Operative Statistic and Research Department, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Mayo-Ossorio
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Andalusian Health System, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alonso Camacho Ramírez
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Andalusian Health System, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Castro-Santiago
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Andalusian Health System, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Amparo Valverde-Martínez
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Andalusian Health System, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Casado-Maestre
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Andalusian Health System, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco Visiedo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - José-Arturo Prada-Oliveira
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Science Research and Innovation, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
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Sionov RV, Ahdut-HaCohen R. A Supportive Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Insulin-Producing Langerhans Islets with a Specific Emphasis on The Secretome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2558. [PMID: 37761001 PMCID: PMC10527322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a gradual destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the endocrine pancreas due to innate and specific immune responses, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. T1D patients usually require regular insulin injections after meals to maintain normal serum glucose levels. In severe cases, pancreas or Langerhans islet transplantation can assist in reaching a sufficient β-mass to normalize glucose homeostasis. The latter procedure is limited because of low donor availability, high islet loss, and immune rejection. There is still a need to develop new technologies to improve islet survival and implantation and to keep the islets functional. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent non-hematopoietic progenitor cells with high plasticity that can support human pancreatic islet function both in vitro and in vivo and islet co-transplantation with MSCs is more effective than islet transplantation alone in attenuating diabetes progression. The beneficial effect of MSCs on islet function is due to a combined effect on angiogenesis, suppression of immune responses, and secretion of growth factors essential for islet survival and function. In this review, various aspects of MSCs related to islet function and diabetes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Ahdut-HaCohen
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
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Bauer BM, Irimia JM, Bloom-Saldana E, Jeong JW, Fueger PT. Pancreatic loss of Mig6 alters murine endocrine cell fate and protects functional beta cell mass in an STZ-induced model of diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.07.536046. [PMID: 37066257 PMCID: PMC10104126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.07.536046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Maintaining functional beta cell mass (BCM) to meet glycemic demands is essential to preventing or reversing the progression of diabetes. Yet the mechanisms that establish and regulate endocrine cell fate are incompletely understood. We sought to determine the impact of deletion of mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig6), a negative feedback inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, on mouse endocrine cell fate. The extent to which loss of Mig6 might protect against loss of functional BCM in a multiple very low dose (MVLD) STZ-induced model of diabetes was also determined. Methods Ten-week-old male mice with whole pancreas (Pdx1:Cre, PKO) and beta cell-specific (Ins1:Cre, BKO) knockout of Mig6 were used alongside control (CON) littermates. Mice were given MVLD STZ (35 mg/kg for five days) to damage beta cells and induce hyperglycemia. In vivo fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance were used to assess beta cell function. Histological analyses of isolated pancreata were utilized to assess islet morphology and beta cell mass. We also identified histological markers of beta cell replication, dedifferentiation, and death. Isolated islets were used to reveal mRNA and protein markers of beta cell fate and function. Results PKO mice had significantly increased alpha cell mass with no detectable changes to beta or delta cells. The increase in alpha cells alone did not impact glucose tolerance, BCM, or beta cell function. Following STZ treatment, PKO mice had 18±8% higher BCM than CON littermates and improved glucose tolerance. Interestingly, beta cell-specific loss of Mig6 was insufficient for protection, and BKO mice had no discernable differences compared to CON mice. The increase in BCM in PKO mice was the result of decreased beta cell loss and increased beta cell replication. Finally, STZ-treated PKO mice had more Ins+/Gcg+ bi-hormonal cells compared to controls suggesting alpha to beta cell transdifferentiation. Conclusions Mig6 exerted differential effects on alpha and beta cell fate. Pancreatic loss of Mig6 reduced beta cell loss and promoted beta cell growth following STZ. Thus, suppression of Mig6 may provide relief of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Bauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose M. Irimia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bloom-Saldana
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Patrick T. Fueger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Roosa CA, Ma M, Chhabra P, Brayman K, Griffin D. Delivery of Dissociated Islets Cells within Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffold to Treat Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2200064. [PMID: 36405778 PMCID: PMC9674036 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the autoimmune loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. The only clinical approach to patient management of blood glucose that doesn't require exogenous insulin is pancreas or islet transplantation. Unfortunately, donor islets are scarce and there is substantial islet loss immediately after transplantation due, in part, to the local inflammatory response. The delivery of stem cell-derived beta cells (e.g., from induced pluripotent stem cells) and dissociated islet cells hold promise as a treatment for T1D; however, these cells typically require re-aggregation in vitro prior to implantation. Microporous scaffolds have shown high potential to serve as a vehicle for organization, survival, and function of insulin-producing cells. In this study, we investigated the use of microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffold for delivery of enzymatically dissociated islet cells, a model beta cell source, within the scaffold's interconnected pores. We found that MAP-based cell delivery enables survival and function of dissociated islets cells both in vitro and in an in vivo mouse model of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen A Roosa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Preeti Chhabra
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kenneth Brayman
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Donald Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, 351 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Eguchi N, Toribio AJ, Alexander M, Xu I, Whaley DL, Hernandez LF, Dafoe D, Ichii H. Dysregulation of β-Cell Proliferation in Diabetes: Possibilities of Combination Therapy in the Development of a Comprehensive Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020472. [PMID: 35203680 PMCID: PMC8962301 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a result of insufficient insulin levels and/or impaired function as a result of autoimmune destruction or insulin resistance. While Type 1 DM (T1DM) and Type 2 DM (T2DM) occur through different pathological processes, both result in β-cell destruction and/or dysfunction, which ultimately lead to insufficient β-cell mass to maintain normoglycemia. Therefore, therapeutic agents capable of inducing β-cell proliferation is crucial in treating and reversing diabetes; unfortunately, adult human β-cell proliferation has been shown to be very limited (~0.2% of β-cells/24 h) and poorly responsive to many mitogens. Furthermore, diabetogenic insults result in damage to β cells, making it ever more difficult to induce proliferation. In this review, we discuss β-cell mass/proliferation pathways dysregulated in diabetes and current therapeutic agents studied to induce β-cell proliferation. Furthermore, we discuss possible combination therapies of proliferation agents with immunosuppressants and antioxidative therapy to improve overall long-term outcomes of diabetes.
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Maachi H, Ghislain J, Tremblay C, Poitout V. Pronounced proliferation of non-beta cells in response to beta-cell mitogens in isolated human islets of Langerhans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11283. [PMID: 34050242 PMCID: PMC8163757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to treat diabetes by increasing beta-cell mass is driving a major effort to identify beta-cell mitogens. Demonstration of mitogen activity in human beta cells is frequently performed in ex vivo assays. However, reported disparities in the efficacy of beta-cell mitogens led us to investigate the sources of this variability. We studied 35 male (23) and female (12) human islet batches covering a range of donor ages and BMI. Islets were kept intact or dispersed into single cells and cultured in the presence of harmine, glucose, or heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Proliferating cells were identified by double labeling with EdU and Ki67 and glucagon, c-peptide or Nkx6.1, and cytokeratin-19 to respectively label alpha, beta, and ductal cells. Harmine and HB-EGF stimulated human beta-cell proliferation, but the effect of glucose was dependent on the assay and the donor. Harmine potently stimulated alpha-cell proliferation and both harmine and HB-EGF increased proliferation of insulin- and glucagon-negative cells, including cytokeratin 19-positive cells. Given the abundance of non-beta cells in human islet preparations, our results suggest that assessment of beta-cell mitogens requires complementary approaches and rigorous identification of cell identity using multiple markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Maachi
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Spears E, Serafimidis I, Powers AC, Gavalas A. Debates in Pancreatic Beta Cell Biology: Proliferation Versus Progenitor Differentiation and Transdifferentiation in Restoring β Cell Mass. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:722250. [PMID: 34421829 PMCID: PMC8378310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.722250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In all forms of diabetes, β cell mass or function is reduced and therefore the capacity of the pancreatic cells for regeneration or replenishment is a critical need. Diverse lines of research have shown the capacity of endocrine as well as acinar, ductal and centroacinar cells to generate new β cells. Several experimental approaches using injury models, pharmacological or genetic interventions, isolation and in vitro expansion of putative progenitors followed by transplantations or a combination thereof have suggested several pathways for β cell neogenesis or regeneration. The experimental results have also generated controversy related to the limitations and interpretation of the experimental approaches and ultimately their physiological relevance, particularly when considering differences between mouse, the primary animal model, and human. As a result, consensus is lacking regarding the relative importance of islet cell proliferation or progenitor differentiation and transdifferentiation of other pancreatic cell types in generating new β cells. In this review we summarize and evaluate recent experimental approaches and findings related to islet regeneration and address their relevance and potential clinical application in the fight against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Spears
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ioannis Serafimidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
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Sánchez-García A, Simental-Mendía M, Simental-Mendía LE. Effect of Proton-Pump Inhibitors on Glucose and Insulin Metabolism on Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4007-4013. [PMID: 32445448 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200523170718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have revealed an improvement in glucose metabolism after proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) therapy; however, this evidence is inconclusive and limited. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to examine the effect of PPI on glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Only randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of PPI on glucose or insulin concentrations in type 2 diabetes were searched in PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model and generic inverse variance method. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS Meta-analysis revealed no significant effect of PPI intervention on fasting glucose (mean difference [MD] -11.42 [95% CI, -29.68 to 6.83], I2 = 80%, p = 0.22), fasting insulin (MD 1.51 [95% CI, -0.36 to 3.37], I2 = 32%, p = 0.11), HOMA-IR (MD -0.16 [-0.98 to 0.65], I2 = 0%, p = 0.70), HOMA-β (MD 19.97 [-21.59 to 61.52], I2 = 71%, p = 0.35), and HbA1c concentrations (MD -0.34 [-0.99 to 0.31], I2 = 89%, p = 0.30). CONCLUSION The treatment with PPI, in the short term, had no significant effects on glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sánchez-García
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica, Delegacion Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, Mexico
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Maachi H, Fergusson G, Ethier M, Brill GN, Katz LS, Honig LB, Metukuri MR, Scott DK, Ghislain J, Poitout V. HB-EGF Signaling Is Required for Glucose-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation in Rats. Diabetes 2020; 69:369-380. [PMID: 31882563 PMCID: PMC7034189 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of β-cell compensation to metabolic stress are poorly understood. We previously observed that nutrient-induced β-cell proliferation in rats is dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the EGFR ligand heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in the β-cell proliferative response to glucose, a β-cell mitogen and key regulator of β-cell mass in response to increased insulin demand. We show that exposure of isolated rat and human islets to HB-EGF stimulates β-cell proliferation. In rat islets, inhibition of EGFR or HB-EGF blocks the proliferative response not only to HB-EGF but also to glucose. Furthermore, knockdown of HB-EGF in rat islets blocks β-cell proliferation in response to glucose ex vivo and in vivo in transplanted glucose-infused rats. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that HB-EGF mRNA levels are increased in β-cells in response to glucose in a carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP)-dependent manner. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies identified ChREBP binding sites in proximity to the HB-EGF gene. Finally, inhibition of Src family kinases, known to be involved in HB-EGF processing, abrogated glucose-induced β-cell proliferation. Our findings identify a novel glucose/HB-EGF/EGFR axis implicated in β-cell compensation to increased metabolic demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Maachi
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Grace Fergusson
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Melanie Ethier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel N Brill
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Liora S Katz
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lee B Honig
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Volume changes of the pancreatic head remnant after distal pancreatectomy. Surgery 2020; 167:455-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rahimi M, Sajadimajd S, Mahdian Z, Hemmati M, Malekkhatabi P, Bahrami G, Mohammadi B, Miraghaee S, Hatami R, Mansouri K, Moahammadi Motlagh HR, Keshavarzi S, Derakhshankhah H. Characterization and anti-diabetic effects of the oligosaccharide fraction isolated from Rosa canina in STZ-Induced diabetic rats. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107927. [PMID: 32062396 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. There has been a surge of research studies aiming to use natural products in the management of diabetes. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the structure and anti-diabetic mechanisms of the main ingredient from Rosa canina. The oligosaccharide was isolated from Rosa canina fruits and characterized by a combination of FTIR, NMR and Mass spectrometry. Wistar rats were divided into negative control, diabetic (type 2), isolated oligosaccharide (IO)-treated diabetic and positive diabetic controls. Oral glucose tolerance, gluconeogenesis and α-glucosidase inhibitory tests as well as immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time-PCR were performed to elucidate the molecular anti-diabetic mechanisms of IO. Structural analyses confirmed the oligosaccharide structure of isolated fraction. Gluconeogenesis and α-glucosidase activity were inhibited by IO in diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test was improved significantly in the group treated with the IO (P < 0.05). Pancreatic β-cells and tissue pathological examination showed a significant improvement after the treatment period. In addition, the expression of Ngn3, Nkx6.1 and insulin increased in oligosaccharide-treated compared to untreated diabetic rats. Owing to the verified anti-diabetic effects and regenerative potential, isolated oligosaccharide could be considered as the promising drug in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrali Rahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Mahdian
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marayam Hemmati
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Peyman Malekkhatabi
- School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahram Miraghaee
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Razieh Hatami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moahammadi Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Keshavarzi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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14
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Abstract
Diabetes is a major worldwide health problem which results from the loss and/or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Therefore, there is great interest in understanding the endogenous capacity of β cells to regenerate under normal or pathological conditions, with the goal of restoring functional β cell mass in patients with diabetes. Here, we summarize the current status of β cell regeneration research, which has been broadly divided into three in vivo mechanisms: 1. proliferation of existing β cells; 2. neogenesis of β cells from adult ductal progenitors; and 3. transdifferentiation of other cell types into β cells. We discuss the evidence and controversies for each mechanism in mice and humans, as well as the prospect of using these approaches for the treatment of diabetes.
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15
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Lenz A, Lenz G, Ku HT, Ferreri K, Kandeel F. Islets from human donors with higher but not lower hemoglobin A1c levels respond to gastrin treatment in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221456. [PMID: 31430329 PMCID: PMC6701795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin is a peptide hormone, which in combination with other factors such as TGFα, EGF or GLP-1, is capable of increasing beta cell mass and lowering blood glucose levels in adult diabetic mice. In humans, administration of a bolus of gastrin alone induces insulin secretion suggesting that gastrin may target islet cells. However, whether gastrin alone is sufficient to exert an effect on isolated human islets has been controversial and the mechanism remained poorly understood. Therefore, in this study we started to examine the effects of gastrin alone on cultured adult human islets. Treatment of isolated human islets with gastrin I for 48 h resulted in increased expression of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin transcripts. These increases were significantly correlated with the levels of donor hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) but not BMI or age. In addition, gastrin treatment resulted in increased expression of PDX1, NKX6.1, NKX2.2, MNX1 and HHEX in islets from donors with HbA1c greater than 42 mmol/mol. The addition of YM022, an antagonist of the gastrin receptor cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR), together with gastrin eliminated these effects, verifying that the effects of gastrin are mediated through CCKBR.CCKBR is expressed in somatostatin-expressing delta cells in islets from all donors. However, in the islets from donors with higher HbA1c (greater than 42 mmol/mol [6.0%]), cells triple-positive for CCKBR, somatostatin and insulin were detected, suggesting a de-differentiation or trans-differentiation of endocrine cells. Our results demonstrate a direct effect of gastrin on human islets from prediabetic or diabetic individuals that is mediated through CCKBR+ cells. Further, our data imply that gastrin may be a potential treatment for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Lenz
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gal Lenz
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Ferreri
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
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16
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Bokvist K, Ding Y, Landschulz WH, Sinha V, Pastrak A, Belin RM. Gastrin analogue administration adds no significant glycaemic benefit to a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist acutely or after washout of both analogues. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:1606-1614. [PMID: 30848033 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine if a 4-week course of 14 mg weekly GLP-1 agonist LY2428757 combined with 3 mg or 2 mg daily gastrin analogue TT223 (LY+TT223) results in long-term glycaemic changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with in adequately-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus ±metformin (N=151) were randomized to a 4-week course of LY+TT223 (3 mg), LY+TT223 (2 mg), LY+TT223 placebo (LY-only) or LY placebo+TT223 placebo (placebo). The primary objective was change in HbA1c from baseline to 5 month safter completion of therapy (i.e. at 6 months) and safety and tolerability with LY+TT223 versus LY-only. RESULTS LY groups showed HbA1c reductions during the active treatment phase. These did not persist during follow-up phase. Combining TT223 with LY did not result in additional glycaemic effects during treatment or follow-up. At 6 months, LSM ± SE for change in HbA1c from baseline was: LY+TT223 (3 mg): -0.1 ± 0.2%; LY+TT223 (2 mg): 0.1 ± 0.2%; LY-only: -0.2 ± 0.2%; placebo: 0.04 ± 0.2%. Secondary analyses were consistent with primary results. LY+TT223 was not superior to LY for other time points or end points, including insulin secretory response to mixed meal tolerance tests. The most common adverse events (nausea and vomiting) were more frequent with LY+TT223 versus LY-only. The safety profile was consistent with previous findings. CONCLUSION GLP-1+gastrin combination therapy did not improve glycaemic control versus GLP-1 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister Bokvist
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ying Ding
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Vikram Sinha
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Quantitative Pharmacology & Pharmacometrics, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - Aleksandra Pastrak
- Clinical Development, Transition Therapeutics ULC - OPKO Subsidiary, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ruth M Belin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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17
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Jawahar AP, Narayanan S, Loganathan G, Pradeep J, Vitale GC, Jones CM, Hughes MG, Williams SK, Balamurugan AN. Ductal Cell Reprogramming to Insulin-Producing Beta-Like Cells as a Potential Beta Cell Replacement Source for Chronic Pancreatitis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:65-74. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180918092729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Islet cell auto-transplantation is a novel strategy for maintaining blood glucose levels and
improving the quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Despite the many recent advances
associated with this therapy, obtaining a good yield of islet infusate still remains a pressing
challenge. Reprogramming technology, by making use of the pancreatic exocrine compartment, can
open the possibility of generating novel insulin-producing cells. Several lineage-tracing studies present
evidence that exocrine cells undergo dedifferentiation into a progenitor-like state from which they can
be manipulated to form insulin-producing cells. This review will present an overview of recent reports
that demonstrate the potential of utilizing pancreatic ductal cells (PDCs) for reprogramming into insulin-
producing cells, focusing on the recent advances and the conflicting views. A large pool of ductal
cells is released along with islets during the human islet isolation process, but these cells are separated
from the pure islets during the purification process. By identifying and improving existing ductal cell
culture methods and developing a better understanding of mechanisms by which these cells can be manipulated
to form hormone-producing islet-like cells, PDCs could prove to be a strong clinical tool in
providing an alternative beta cell source, thus helping CP patients maintain their long-term glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinth P. Jawahar
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Siddharth Narayanan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gopalakrishnan Loganathan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jithu Pradeep
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gary C. Vitale
- Division of General Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Christopher M. Jones
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Michael G. Hughes
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Stuart K. Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Appakalai N. Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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18
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Barati G, Nadri S, Hajian R, Rahmani A, Mostafavi H, Mortazavi Y, Taromchi AH. Differentiation of microfluidic‐encapsulated trabecular meshwork mesenchymal stem cells into insulin producing cells and their impact on diabetic rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6801-6809. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Samad Nadri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Ramin Hajian
- Novel Fluidic Systems Pioneers Co., Innovation & Entrepreneurship Center of Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Rahmani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Yousef Mortazavi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Taromchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
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19
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Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Bonner-Weir S. Pancreatic β Cell Regeneration as a Possible Therapy for Diabetes. Cell Metab 2018; 27:57-67. [PMID: 28889951 PMCID: PMC5762410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is the result of having inadequate supply of functional insulin-producing β cells. Two possible approaches for replenishing the β cells are: (1) replacement by transplanting cadaveric islets or β cells derived from human embryonic stem cells/induced pluripotent stem cells and (2) induction of endogenous regeneration. This review focuses on endogenous regeneration, which can follow two pathways: enhanced replication of existing β cells and formation of new β cells from cells not expressing insulin, either by conversion from a differentiated cell type (transdifferentiation) or differentiation from progenitors (neogenesis). Exciting progress on both pathways suggest that regeneration may have therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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20
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Nadri S, Barati G, Mostafavi H, Esmaeilzadeh A, Enderami SE. Differentiation of conjunctiva mesenchymal stem cells into secreting islet beta cells on plasma treated electrospun nanofibrous scaffold. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:178-187. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1416391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samad Nadri
- Metabolic Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Barati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mostafavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology & Cancer Gene therapy Research Center, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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21
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Skarbaliene J, Rigbolt KT, Fosgerau K, Billestrup N. In-vitro and in-vivo studies supporting the therapeutic potential of ZP3022 in diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Abstract
The pancreas is a complex organ with exocrine and endocrine components. Many pathologies impair exocrine function, including chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, when the endocrine pancreas fails to secrete sufficient insulin, patients develop diabetes mellitus. Pathology in either the endocrine or exocrine pancreas results in devastating economic and personal consequences. The current standard therapy for treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is daily exogenous insulin injections, but cell sources of insulin provide superior glycaemic regulation and research is now focused on the goal of regenerating or replacing β cells. Stem-cell-based models might be useful to study exocrine pancreatic disorders, and mesenchymal stem cells or secreted factors might delay disease progression. Although the standards that bioengineered cells must meet before being considered as a viable therapy are not yet established, any potential therapy must be acceptably safe and functionally superior to current therapies. Here, we describe progress and challenges in cell-based methods to restore pancreatic function, with a focus on optimizing the site for cell delivery and decreasing requirements for immunosuppression through encapsulation. We also discuss the tools and strategies being used to generate exocrine pancreas and insulin-producing β-cell surrogates in situ and highlight obstacles to clinical application.
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23
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Vieira A, Courtney M, Druelle N, Avolio F, Napolitano T, Hadzic B, Navarro-Sanz S, Ben-Othman N, Collombat P. β-Cell replacement as a treatment for type 1 diabetes: an overview of possible cell sources and current axes of research. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:137-43. [PMID: 27615143 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently treat type 1 diabetes, exogenous insulin injections currently represent the main approach to counter chronic hyperglycaemia. Unfortunately, such a therapeutic approach does not allow for perfectly maintained glucose homeostasis and, in time, cardiovascular complications may arise. Therefore, seeking alternative/improved treatments has become a major health concern as an increasing proportion of type 2 diabetes patients also require insulin supplementation. Towards this goal, numerous laboratories have focused their research on β-cell replacement therapies. Herein, we will review the current state of this research area and describe the cell sources that could potentially be used to replenish the depleted β-cell mass in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vieira
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - M Courtney
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - N Druelle
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - F Avolio
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - T Napolitano
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - B Hadzic
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | | | - N Ben-Othman
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - P Collombat
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France.
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24
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Téllez N, Vilaseca M, Martí Y, Pla A, Montanya E. β-Cell dedifferentiation, reduced duct cell plasticity, and impaired β-cell mass regeneration in middle-aged rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E554-63. [PMID: 27406742 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00502.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Limitations in β-cell regeneration potential in middle-aged animals could contribute to the increased risk to develop diabetes associated with aging. We investigated β-cell regeneration of middle-aged Wistar rats in response to two different regenerative stimuli: partial pancreatectomy (Px + V) and gastrin administration (Px + G). Pancreatic remnants were analyzed 3 and 14 days after surgery. β-Cell mass increased in young animals after Px and was further increased after gastrin treatment. In contrast, β-cell mass did not change after Px or after gastrin treatment in middle-aged rats. β-Cell replication and individual β-cell size were similarly increased after Px in young and middle-aged animals, and β-cell apoptosis was not modified. Nuclear immunolocalization of neurog3 or nkx6.1 in regenerative duct cells, markers of duct cell plasticity, was increased in young but not in middle-aged Px rats. The pancreatic progenitor-associated transcription factors neurog3 and sox9 were upregulated in islet β-cells of middle-aged rats and further increased after Px. The percentage of chromogranin A+/hormone islet cells was significantly increased in the pancreases of middle-aged Px rats. In summary, the potential for compensatory β-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy was retained in middle-aged rats, but β-cell dedifferentiation and impaired duct cell plasticity limited β-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Téllez
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Vilaseca
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmina Martí
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Pla
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Endocrine Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Corritore E, Lee YS, Sokal EM, Lysy PA. β-cell replacement sources for type 1 diabetes: a focus on pancreatic ductal cells. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2016; 7:182-99. [PMID: 27540464 PMCID: PMC4973405 DOI: 10.1177/2042018816652059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough research on the capacity of human islet transplantation to cure type 1 diabetes led to the achievement of 3- to 5-year-long insulin independence in nearly half of transplanted patients. Yet, translation of this technique to clinical routine is limited by organ shortage and the need for long-term immunosuppression, restricting its use to adults with unstable disease. The production of new bona fide β cells in vitro was thus investigated and finally achieved with human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Besides ethical concerns about the use of human embryos, studies are now evaluating the possibility of circumventing the spontaneous tumor formation associated with transplantation of PSCs. These issues fueled the search for cell candidates for β-cell engineering with safe profiles for clinical translation. In vivo studies revealed the regeneration capacity of the exocrine pancreas after injury that depends at least partially on facultative progenitors in the ductal compartment. These stimulated subpopulations of pancreatic ductal cells (PDCs) underwent β-cell transdifferentiation through reactivation of embryonic signaling pathways. In vitro models for expansion and differentiation of purified PDCs toward insulin-producing cells were described using cocktails of growth factors, extracellular-matrix proteins and transcription factor overexpression. In this review, we will describe the latest findings in pancreatic β-cell mass regeneration due to adult ductal progenitor cells. We will further describe recent advances in human PDC transdifferentiation to insulin-producing cells with potential for clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Corritore
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yong-Syu Lee
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Lin HC, Hsiao YT, Lin HL, Uang YS, Cheng HW, Wang Y, Wang LH. The use of proton pump inhibitors decreases the risk of diabetes mellitus in patients with upper gastrointestinal disease: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4195. [PMID: 27428221 PMCID: PMC4956815 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with upper gastrointestinal disease (UGID). METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 5 years. We identified 388,098 patients who were diagnosed with UGID between 2000 and 2006 from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance program. We used Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR) to compare the risk of DM between UGID patients received PPIs and those did not receive PPIs. HRs were adjusted for possible confounders, including age, sex, hypertension, gout and/or hyperuricemia, coronary artery disease, stroke, pancreatitis, hyperlipidemia, obesity, H2-blocker use, and clozapine or olanzapine use. The dose-related effects of PPIs on the risk of DM were evaluated according to the defined daily dose (DDD). RESULTS The adjusted HR was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73-0.88) for the study group (UGID patients with PPIs) compared with comparison group I (UGID patients without PPIs). Among patients who used PPIs, those older than 60 years of age had a lower risk of DM (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.63-0.83) than those younger than 40 years. Additionally, the effect of PPIs was significantly dose-dependent (P for trend <0.001). Patients with UGID who received >540 DDDs of PPIs exhibited the greatest reduction in the risk of DM. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated a decreased risk of DM in UGID patients who used PPIs; the risk appeared to be significantly dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Yu-Ting Hsiao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Hsiu-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Neurology, Cathy General Hospital, Sijhih Branch, New Taipei City
| | - Yow-Shieng Uang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Hui-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Li-Hsuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Li-Hsuan Wang, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 11031, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Brill AL, Wisinski JA, Cadena MT, Thompson MF, Fenske RJ, Brar HK, Schaid MD, Pasker RL, Kimple ME. Synergy Between Gαz Deficiency and GLP-1 Analog Treatment in Preserving Functional β-Cell Mass in Experimental Diabetes. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:543-56. [PMID: 27049466 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A defining characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pathophysiology is pancreatic β-cell death and dysfunction, resulting in insufficient insulin secretion to properly control blood glucose levels. Treatments that promote β-cell replication and survival, thus reversing the loss of β-cell mass, while also preserving β-cell function, could lead to a real cure for T1DM. The α-subunit of the heterotrimeric Gz protein, Gαz, is a tonic negative regulator of adenylate cyclase and downstream cAMP production. cAMP is one of a few identified signaling molecules that can simultaneously have a positive impact on pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation, survival, and function. The purpose of our study was to determine whether mice lacking Gαz might be protected, at least partially, from β-cell loss and dysfunction after streptozotocin treatment. We also aimed to determine whether Gαz might act in concert with an activator of the cAMP-stimulatory glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, exendin-4 (Ex4). Without Ex4 treatment, Gαz-null mice still developed hyperglycemia, albeit delayed. The same finding held true for wild-type mice treated with Ex4. With Ex4 treatment, Gαz-null mice were protected from developing severe hyperglycemia. Immunohistological studies performed on pancreas sections and in vitro apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and survival assays demonstrated a clear effect of Gαz signaling on pancreatic β-cell replication and death; β-cell function was also improved in Gαz-null islets. These data support our hypothesis that a combination of therapies targeting both stimulatory and inhibitory pathways will be more effective than either alone at protecting, preserving, and possibly regenerating β-cell mass and function in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Brill
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Jaclyn A Wisinski
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Mark T Cadena
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Mary F Thompson
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Rachel J Fenske
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Harpreet K Brar
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Michael D Schaid
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Renee L Pasker
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- Department of Medicine (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., H.K.B., R.L.P., M.E.K.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology (M.E.K.); and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (R.J.F., M.D.S., M.E.K.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison; and Research Service (A.L.B., J.A.W., M.T.C., M.F.T., R.J.F., H.K.B., M.D.S., M.E.K.), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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Kim HS, Lee MK. β-Cell regeneration through the transdifferentiation of pancreatic cells: Pancreatic progenitor cells in the pancreas. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:286-96. [PMID: 27330712 PMCID: PMC4847880 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic progenitor cell research has been in the spotlight, as these cells have the potential to replace pancreatic β‐cells for the treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetic patients with the absence or reduction of pancreatic β‐cells. During the past few decades, the successful treatment of diabetes through transplantation of the whole pancreas or isolated islets has nearly been achieved. However, novel sources of pancreatic islets or insulin‐producing cells are required to provide sufficient amounts of donor tissues. To overcome this limitation, the use of pancreatic progenitor cells is gaining more attention. In particular, pancreatic exocrine cells, such as duct epithelial cells and acinar cells, are attractive candidates for β‐cell regeneration because of their differentiation potential and pancreatic lineage characteristics. It has been assumed that β‐cell neogenesis from pancreatic progenitor cells could occur in pancreatic ducts in the postnatal stage. Several studies have shown that insulin‐producing cells can arise in the duct tissue of the adult pancreas. Acinar cells also might have the potential to differentiate into insulin‐producing cells. The present review summarizes recent progress in research on the transdifferentiation of pancreatic exocrine cells into insulin‐producing cells, especially duct and acinar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sup Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea
| | - Moon-Kyu Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Samsung Biomedical Research Institute Samsung Medical Center Seoul Korea
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Growth factors and medium hyperglycemia induce Sox9+ ductal cell differentiation into β cells in mice with reversal of diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:650-5. [PMID: 26733677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that long-term administration of a low dose of gastrin and epidermal growth factor (GE) augments β-cell neogenesis in late-stage diabetic autoimmune mice after eliminating insulitis by induction of mixed chimerism. However, the source of β-cell neogenesis is still unknown. SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9(+) (Sox9(+)) ductal cells in the adult pancreas are clonogenic and can give rise to insulin-producing β cells in an in vitro culture. Whether Sox9(+) ductal cells in the adult pancreas can give rise to β cells in vivo remains controversial. Here, using lineage-tracing with genetic labeling of Insulin- or Sox9-expressing cells, we show that hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dL) is required for inducing Sox9(+) ductal cell differentiation into insulin-producing β cells, and medium hyperglycemia (300-450 mg/dL) in combination with long-term administration of low-dose GE synergistically augments differentiation and is associated with normalization of blood glucose in nonautoimmune diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Short-term administration of high-dose GE cannot augment differentiation, although it can augment preexisting β-cell replication. These results indicate that medium hyperglycemia combined with long-term administration of low-dose GE represents one way to induce Sox9(+) ductal cell differentiation into β cells in adult mice.
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30
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Niu G, McQuilling JP, Zhou Y, Opara EC, Orlando G, Soker S. In Vitro Proliferation of Porcine Pancreatic Islet Cells for β-Cell Therapy Applications. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5807876. [PMID: 28050568 PMCID: PMC5168554 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5807876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cell replacement through transplantation is the only curative treatment to establish a long-term stable euglycemia in diabetic patients. Owing to the shortage of donor tissue, attempts are being made to develop alternative sources of insulin-secreting cells. Stem cells differentiation and reprograming as well as isolating pancreatic progenitors from different sources are some examples; however, no approach has yet yielded a clinically relevant solution. Dissociated islet cells that are cultured in cell numbers by in vitro proliferation provide a promising platform for redifferentiation towards β-cells phenotype. In this study, we cultured islet-derived cells in vitro and examined the expression of β-cell genes during the proliferation. Islets were isolated from porcine pancreases and enzymatically digested to dissociate the component cells. The cells proliferated well in tissue culture plates and were subcultured for no more than 5 passages. Only 10% of insulin expression, as measured by PCR, was preserved in each passage. High glucose media enhanced insulin expression by about 4-18 fold, suggesting a glucose-dependent effect in the proliferated islet-derived cells. The islet-derived cells also expressed other pancreatic genes such as Pdx1, NeuroD, glucagon, and somatostatin. Taken together, these results indicate that pancreatic islet-derived cells, proliferated in vitro, retained the expression capacity for key pancreatic genes, thus suggesting that the cells may be redifferentiated into insulin-secreting β-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Niu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - John P. McQuilling
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Emmanuel C. Opara
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Virginia Tech, Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, 320 ICTAS, Stanger St., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- *Shay Soker:
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31
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Finan B, Clemmensen C, Müller TD. Emerging opportunities for the treatment of metabolic diseases: Glucagon-like peptide-1 based multi-agonists. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 1:42-54. [PMID: 26151488 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a pathogenic gateway to the metabolic syndrome and the complications thereof, thus interventions aimed at preventing or reversing the metabolic derangements underlying obesity hold great therapeutic promise. However, the complexity of energy balance regulation, combined with the heterologous pathophysiology of human obesity, renders effective medicinal intervention very difficult. Indeed, the search for the silver bullet in anti-obesity medicines has been laden with drugs of underwhelming efficacy and unacceptable side effects. This can partly be the consequence that many of these drug interventions have been historically directed at single molecular targets. New multi-molecular combination therapies have shown promising clinical outcomes in terms of weight loss, yet multi-functional single molecules may offer even more advantages than adjunctive co-treatments. Single molecules with integrated activities derived from multiple hormones involved in the physiological control of metabolism have emerged as one of the more promising candidates for reversing obesity. The inclusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) as one of the constituents is a unifying factor amongst the majority of these unimolecular multi-agonists. The scope of this review is to summarize the current preclinical and clinical landscape of GLP-1-based therapies, focusing on combinatorial therapies with a particular emphasis on single molecule compounds displaying multi-agonist properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Finan
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Sasaki S, Miyatsuka T, Matsuoka TA, Takahara M, Yamamoto Y, Yasuda T, Kaneto H, Fujitani Y, German MS, Akiyama H, Watada H, Shimomura I. Activation of GLP-1 and gastrin signalling induces in vivo reprogramming of pancreatic exocrine cells into beta cells in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2582-91. [PMID: 26290048 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Lineage conversion of non-beta cells into insulin-producing cells has been proposed as a therapy for the cure of diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its derivatives can induce beta cell neogenesis in vitro and beta cell mass expansion in vivo, but GLP-1 signalling has not been shown to regulate cell fate decisions in vivo. We therefore tested the impact of GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) expression on beta cell differentiation in vivo. METHODS Mice overexpressing GLP1R in pancreatic exocrine cells were generated by Cre-mediated recombination in sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9)-expressing cells and then treated with exendin-4 and/or gastrin. Histological analysis was performed to detect cellular reprogramming from the exocrine lineage into insulin-producing cells. RESULTS Whereas no newly generated beta cells were detected in the mice treated with exendin-4 alone, treatment with gastrin only induced the conversion of exocrine cells into insulin-producing cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of GLP1R, together with gastrin and exendin-4, synergistically promoted beta cell neogenesis accompanied by the formation of islet-like clusters. These newly generated beta cells expressed beta cell specific transcription factors, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6.1) and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MafA). These mice showed no histological evidence of pancreatitis or pancreatic dysplasia in their acini and had normal plasma amylase levels. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Activation of GLP-1 and gastrin signalling induces beta cell neogenesis in the exocrine lineage without any deleterious pancreatic changes, which may lead to a potential therapy to cure diabetes by generating surrogate beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sasaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taka-aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamamoto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Yasuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Michael S German
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Kaur R, Sodhi RK, Aggarwal N, Kaur J, Jain UK. Renoprotective effect of lansoprazole in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:73-85. [PMID: 26475618 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have exhibited glucose lowering action in animal models of diabetes; however, their potential in diabetes-related complications has not yet been evaluated. Hence, the present study has been undertaken to investigate the renoprotective potential of lansoprazole in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Diabetic nephropathy was induced with a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, i.p.). Lansoprazole (40 mg/kg; 80 mg/kg, p.o.; 4 weeks) was administered to diabetic rats after 4 weeks of STZ treatment. A battery of biochemical tests such as serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, albumin, and kidney weight/body weight (%) ratio were performed to evaluate the renal functions. Oxidative stress was determined by estimating renal thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Lipid profile was assessed by determining serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The STZ-treated rats demonstrated deleterious alterations in kidney functions, enhanced oxidative stress, and disturbed lipid profile. Administration of lansoprazole to diabetic rats significantly reduced serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, BUN, creatinine, albumin levels, and oxidative stress. Serum lipids like TC and TG were decreased, and HDL was enhanced in lansoprazole-treated STZ rats. The findings of our study indicate that renoprotective effects of lansoprazole may be attributed to its glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering, and antioxidative potential.
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Barchetta I, Guglielmi C, Bertoccini L, Calella D, Manfrini S, Secchi C, Pozzilli P, Cavallo MG. Therapy with proton pump inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes is independently associated with improved glycometabolic control. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:873-80. [PMID: 25716766 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Experimental data demonstrated that gastrin has incretin-like stimulating actions on β-cells, resulting in a promotion of glucose-induced insulin secretion. As proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) consistently increase plasma gastrin levels, a possible effect of this treatment on glucose-insulin homeostasis may be hypothesized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic PPIs treatment on glycemic control in patients affected by type 2 diabetes. METHODS This is an observational, retrospective study. A total of 548 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age ± SD: 67.1 ± 10.9 years, M/F: 309/239, diabetes duration: 12.4 ± 9.8 years) referring to our diabetes outpatient clinics were enrolled; among them, 45 %were treated with PPIs longer than 2 years for preventive/therapeutic purposes. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipids and transaminases were measured by standard laboratory methods. Major cardiovascular events and concomitant medications were recorded in all participants, and daily insulin requirement was calculated in insulin-treated subjects. RESULTS PPIs-treated patients had significantly lower HbA1c (7.1 ± 1.07 %-54.1 ± 12 vs 7.4 ± 1.4 %-57.4 ± 8 mmol/mol, p = 0.011) and FPG (127 ± 36.9 vs 147.6 ± 49.4 mg/dl, p < 0.001) levels than those untreated. These differences increased in patients under insulin therapy and in those with concomitant PPIs + GLP-1-based therapy. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that the association between chronic PPIs treatment and HbA1c was independent from possible confounders (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS PPIs treatment is associated with greater glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly in those on insulin- or GLP-1-based therapy. Our results suggest a role for PPIs in glucose-insulin homeostasis and may open a new scenario for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Damiano Calella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Gisella Cavallo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Skarbaliene J, Secher T, Jelsing J, Neerup TSR, Billestrup N, Fosgerau K. The anti-diabetic effects of GLP-1-gastrin dual agonist ZP3022 in ZDF rats. Peptides 2015; 69:47-55. [PMID: 25849341 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Combination treatment with exendin-4 and gastrin has proven beneficial in treatment of diabetes and preservation of beta cell mass in diabetic mice. Here, we examined the chronic effects of a GLP-1-gastrin dual agonist ZP3022 on glycemic control and beta cell dysfunction in overtly diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats. METHODS ZDF rats aged 11 weeks were dosed s.c., b.i.d. for 8 weeks with vehicle, ZP3022, liraglutide, exendin-4, or gastrin-17 with or without exendin-4. Glycemic control was assessed by measurements of HbA1c and blood glucose levels, as well as glucose tolerance during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Beta cell dynamics were examined by morphometric analyses of beta and alpha cell fractions. RESULTS ZP3022 improved glycemic control as measured by terminal HbA1c levels (6.2±0.12 (high dose) vs. 7.9±0.07% (vehicle), P<0.001), as did all treatments, except gastrin-17 monotherapy. In contrast, only ZP3022, exendin-4 and combination treatment with exendin-4 and gastrin-17 significantly improved glucose tolerance and increased insulin levels during an OGTT. Moreover, only ZP3022 significantly enhanced the beta cell fraction in ZDF rats, a difference of 41%, when compared to the vehicle group (0.31±0.03 vs. 0.22±0.02%, respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSION These data suggest that ZP3022 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention/delay of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils Billestrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Keld Fosgerau
- Research and Development, Zealand Pharma A/S, Glostrup, Denmark
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Yao DD, Yang L, Wang Y, Liu C, Wei YJ, Jia XB, Yin W, Shu L. Geniposide promotes beta-cell regeneration and survival through regulating β-catenin/TCF7L2 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1746. [PMID: 25950476 PMCID: PMC4669687 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T-cell factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) is an important transcription factor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which has critical roles in β-cell survival and regeneration. In preliminary screening assay, we found geniposide, a naturally occurring compound, was able to increase TCF7L2 mRNA level in Min6 cells. Here we aimed to investigate the role of geniposide in β-cell and underlying mechanism involved. Geniposide was found to promote β-cell survival by increasing β-cell proliferation and decreasing β-cell apoptosis in cultured mouse islets after challenge with diabetic stimuli. Geniposide protected β-cell through activating Wnt signaling, enhanced expressions of TCF7L2 and GLP-1R, activated AKT, inhibited GSK3β activity, and promoted β-catenin nuclear translocation. The protective effect of geniposide was remarkably suppressed by siRNAs against β-catenin, or by ICG001 (β-catenin/TCF-mediated transcription inhibitor). Moreover, geniposide promoted β-cell regeneration in vivo to normalize blood glucose in high-fat diet and db/db mice. Increased β-cell proliferation was observed in pancreatic sections of geniposide-treated diabetic mice. Most importantly, geniposide triggered small islet-like cell clusters formation as a result of β-cell neogenesis from ductal epithelium, which was well correlated with the increase in TCF7L2 expression. In exocrine cells isolated from mouse pancreas, geniposide could induce duct cell differentiation through upregulating TCF7L2 expression and activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Taken together, we identified a novel role of geniposide in promoting β-cell survival and regeneration by mechanisms involving the activation of β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling. Our finding highlights the potential value of geniposide as a possible treatment for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Yao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - L Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Y J Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - X B Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - W Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Shu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Masjkur J, Arps-Forker C, Poser SW, Nikolakopoulou P, Toutouna L, Chenna R, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A, Chen LS, Dubrovska A, Choudhary P, Uphues I, Mark M, Bornstein SR, Androutsellis-Theotokis A. Hes3 is expressed in the adult pancreatic islet and regulates gene expression, cell growth, and insulin release. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35503-16. [PMID: 25371201 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.590687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Hes3 is a component of a signaling pathway that supports the growth of neural stem cells with profound consequences in neurodegenerative disease models. Here we explored whether Hes3 also regulates pancreatic islet cells. We showed that Hes3 is expressed in human and rodent pancreatic islets. In mouse islets it co-localizes with alpha and beta cell markers. We employed the mouse insulinoma cell line MIN6 to perform in vitro characterization and functional studies in conditions known to modulate Hes3 based upon our previous work using neural stem cell cultures. In these conditions, cells showed elevated Hes3 expression and nuclear localization, grew efficiently, and showed higher evoked insulin release responses, compared with serum-containing conditions. They also exhibited higher expression of the transcription factor Pdx1 and insulin. Furthermore, they were responsive to pharmacological treatments with the GLP-1 analog Exendin-4, which increased nuclear Hes3 localization. We employed a transfection approach to address specific functions of Hes3. Hes3 RNA interference opposed cell growth and affected gene expression as revealed by DNA microarrays. Western blotting and PCR approaches specifically showed that Hes3 RNA interference opposes the expression of Pdx1 and insulin. Hes3 overexpression (using a Hes3-GFP fusion construct) confirmed a role of Hes3 in regulating Pdx1 expression. Hes3 RNA interference reduced evoked insulin release. Mice lacking Hes3 exhibited increased islet damage by streptozotocin. These data suggest roles of Hes3 in pancreatic islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ramu Chenna
- the Applied Bioinformatics Group, BioInnovations Zentrum, University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- the Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- the Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Lan-Sun Chen
- the Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- Department of Medicine, OncoRay National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- the Diabetes Research Group, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Uphues
- the Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach, Germany, and
| | - Michael Mark
- the Department of CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88400 Biberach, Germany, and
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Han N, Oh M, Park SM, Kim YJ, Lee EJ, Kim TK, Kim TN, Kwon MJ, Kim MK, Lee SH, Rhee BD, Park JH. The effect of proton pump inhibitors on glycated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Can J Diabetes 2014; 39:24-8. [PMID: 25305802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastrin increases the growth and neogenesis of the islets of Langerhans. Oral proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increase the circulating gastrin level in animals and humans, but the therapeutic benefit of PPIs for diabetes mellitus has not been resolved. We examined whether treatment with a PPI for ≥2 months affected the glycated hemoglobin (A1C) level in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The electronic medical records of patients treated at the Busan Paik Hospital in South Korea were examined. The primary outcome measure was the change in A1C before and after PPI treatment for ≥2 months. We also tested if the primary outcome measure was affected by sex, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, PPI molecule, duration of treatment with PPI or concurrent therapy with other antidiabetes agents. RESULTS In total, 43 patients (17 men and 26 women) were studied (mean age 63.8 years). Patients were treated with a PPI for a mean of 180 days. The A1C levels before and after treatment were not significantly different (6.86%±1.10% and 6.77%±1.07%, respectively; p=0.406). Metformin monotherapy did not lower A1C levels as compared with a combination therapy including metformin and antidiabetes medication not including metformin. CONCLUSIONS Proton pump inhibitor treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes did not reduce A1C levels. The data of this study were obtained from a retrospective chart review and included a small number of subjects. Furthermore, large randomized controlled studies are needed to define the effect of PPIs for type 2 patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Trial Centre, Inje University, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su Min Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - You Jeong Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Kyoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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Téllez N, Montanya E. Gastrin induces ductal cell dedifferentiation and β-cell neogenesis after 90% pancreatectomy. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:67-78. [PMID: 25122000 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Induction of β-cell mass regeneration is a potentially curative treatment for diabetes. We have recently found that long-term gastrin treatment results in improved metabolic control and β-cell mass expansion in 95% pancreatectomised (Px) rats. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of gastrin-induced β-cell mass expansion after Px. After 90%-Px, rats were treated with gastrin (Px+G) or vehicle (Px+V), pancreatic remnants were harvested on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 and used for gene expression, protein immunolocalisation and morphometric analyses. Gastrin- and vehicle-treated Px rats showed similar blood glucose levels throughout the study. Initially, after Px, focal areas of regeneration, showing mesenchymal cells surrounding ductal structures that expressed the cholecystokinin B receptor, were identified. These focal areas of regeneration were similar in size and cell composition in the Px+G and Px+V groups. However, in the Px+G group, the ductal structures showed lower levels of keratin 20 and β-catenin (indicative of duct dedifferentiation) and higher levels of expression of neurogenin 3 and NKX6-1 (indicative of endocrine progenitor phenotype), as compared with Px+V rats. In Px+G rats, β-cell mass and the number of scattered β-cells were significantly increased compared with Px+V rats, whereas β-cell replication and apoptosis were similar in the two groups. These results indicate that gastrin treatment-enhanced dedifferentiation and reprogramming of regenerative ductal cells in Px rats, increased β-cell neogenesis and fostered β-cell mass expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Téllez
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesCIBERDEM, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteIDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainEndocrine UnitHospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesCIBERDEM, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteIDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainEndocrine UnitHospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesCIBERDEM, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteIDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainEndocrine UnitHospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesCIBERDEM, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteIDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainEndocrine UnitHospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesCIBERDEM, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteIDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainEndocrine UnitHospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesCIBERDEM, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteIDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainEndocrine UnitHospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesCIBERDEM, Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research InstituteIDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainEndocrine UnitHospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Achong N, McIntyre HD, Callaway L. Factors determining insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy: a review. Obstet Med 2014; 7:52-9. [PMID: 27512424 PMCID: PMC4934947 DOI: 10.1177/1753495x13516442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have increased insulin requirements during pregnancy. However, a minority of women have a fall in insulin requirements. When this occurs in late gestation, it often provokes concern regarding possible compromise of the feto-placental unit. In some centres, this is considered as an indication for delivery, including premature delivery. There are, however, many other factors that affect insulin requirements in pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the decline in insulin requirements may represent a variant of normal pregnancy. If there is no underlying pathological process, expedited delivery in these women is not warranted and confers increased risks to the newborn. We will explore the factors affecting insulin requirements in gestation in this review. We will also discuss some novel concepts regarding beta-cell function in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Achong
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Leonie Callaway
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Raymond Tce, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Tamaki M, Fujitani Y, Uchida T, Hirose T, Kawamori R, Watada H. Combination treatment of db/db mice with exendin-4 and gastrin preserves β-cell mass by stimulating β-cell growth and differentiation. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 1:172-83. [PMID: 24843429 PMCID: PMC4020718 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim/Introduction: Preservation of β‐cell mass is crucial for maintaining long‐term glucose homeostasis. Therapies based on incretin and its mimetics are expected to achieve this goal through various biological functions, particularly the restoration of β‐cell mass. Here we tested the effects of gastrin and exendin‐4 in type 2 diabetic animals. Materials and Methods: The effects of exendin‐4 and gastrin on β‐cell function and mass were examined in 8‐week‐old db/db mice. INS‐1 beta cells and AR42J cells were used to determine the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of the two agents. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT‐PCR assays were used to assess the biological effects of the two agents. Results: Two weeks of combination administration of exendin‐4 plus gastrin resulted in a significant improvement of glucose tolerance associated with a marked preservation of β‐cell mass in db/db mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that such treatment resulted in the appearance of numerous irregularly‐shaped small islets and single insulin‐positive cells. While gastrin had little biological effect on INS‐1 β‐cells consistent with low expression of its intrinsic receptor on these cells, it caused differentiation of AR42J cells into insulin‐producing cells. Co‐stimulation with exendin‐4 significantly enhanced gastrin‐induced endocrine differentiation of AR42J precursor cells. These findings were further supported by enhanced expression of key genes involved in β‐cell differentiation and maturation, such as neurogenin3 (Ngn3) and MafA. Conclusions: These results suggest that combination treatment of db/db mice with exendin‐4 and gastrin preserves β‐cell mass by stimulating β‐cell growth and differentiation. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.00044.x, 2010)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes
| | | | - Takahisa Hirose
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes ; Center for Beta-Cell Biology and Regeneration ; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology ; Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Aloysious N, Nair PD. Enhanced Survival and Function of Islet-Like Clusters Differentiated from Adipose Stem Cells on a Three-Dimensional Natural Polymeric Scaffold: AnIn VitroStudy. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1508-22. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neena Aloysious
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Prabha D. Nair
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojapura, Trivandrum, India
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Inci F, Atmaca M, Ozturk M, Yildiz S, Koceroglu R, Sekeroglu R, Ipekci SH, Kebapcilar L. Pantoprazole may improve beta cell function and diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:449-54. [PMID: 24682913 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-013-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors induce hypergastrinemia by suppressing gastric acidity. Gastrin has incretin-like stimulating actions on beta cells. Proton pump inhibitors have been shown to decrease glycosylated hemoglobin. AIM We aimed to observe changes in beta cell function in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects given pantoprazole for an acid-related ailment. METHODS Seventy-nine male patients (38 non-diabetic and 41 type-2 diabetic receiving only metformin therapy) were followed for 12 weeks after pantoprazole 40 mg/day was given. Fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, Pancreatic B cell function (HOMA-B), proinsulin and c-peptide levels were measured before and after the treatment. RESULTS In non-diabetic patients (n = 38), FPG decreased, whereas c-peptide, log-HOMA-B, increased significantly (p = 0.002, p = 0.03, p = 0.042, respectively) after 12 weeks of pantoprazole administration. In type 2 diabetic patients, FPG, HbA1c and weight decreased, whereas log-HOMA-B, c-peptide and log-proinsulin levels increased significantly after pantoprazole treatment (p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.017, p = 0.05, respectively). After pantoprazole treatment, pancreatic B-cell function was correlated with c-peptide and insulin and inversely with FBG and HbA1c levels in the whole group (r = 0.37, p = 0.001; r = 0.60, p < 0.001, r = -0.29, p = 0.011 and r = -0.28, p = 0.013, respectively). After pantoprazole treatment, HbA1c was correlated with FBG (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) and inversely with only log-HOMA-B level (r = -0.28, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Pantoprazole administration seems to correlate with increased beta cell function. Pantoprazole administration improves HbA1c, HOMA-B, c-peptide and proinsulin levels. Since beta cell loss plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, PPI-based therapies may be useful in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Inci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
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Hao S, Sun J, Tian X, Sun X, Zhang Z, Gao Y. Lansoprazole enhances the antidiabetic effect of sitagliptin in mice with diet-induced obesity and healthy human subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1133-9. [PMID: 24628303 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proton pump inhibitors as adjunctive therapy would improve diabetes control and could enhance the hypoglycaemic activity of DPP-4 inhibitors. The aim of the study was to investigate the short-term effects of lansoprazole (LPZ), sitagliptin (SITA) and their combination therapy on glucose regulation and gut peptide secretion. METHODS Glucose and gut peptide were determined and compared after short-term administration of LPZ or SITA, or in combination to mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to healthy human subjects (n = 16) in a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) by a crossover design. KEY FINDINGS In DIO mice, LPZ significantly improve glucose metabolism, increase plasma C-peptide and insulin compared with vehicle treatment. Furthermore, the combination of LPZ and SITA improved glucose tolerance additively, with higher plasma insulin and C-peptide levels compared with SITA-treated mice. Similarly, in human in the OGTT, the combination showed significant improvement in glucose-lowering and insulin increase vs SITA-treated group. However, no significant differences in area under curve (AUC) of insulin, glucose and C-peptide between the LPZ-treated group and baseline, except that mean AUCgastrin was significantly increased by LPZ. CONCLUSIONS LPZ and SITA combination therapy appears to have complementary mechanisms of action and additive antidiabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShaoJun Hao
- Department of Pharmacy and Equipment, No. 371 Hospital of PLA, Xin'xiang, China
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Schweicher J, Nyitray C, Desai TA. Membranes to achieve immunoprotection of transplanted islets. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2014; 19:49-76. [PMID: 24389172 PMCID: PMC4230297 DOI: 10.2741/4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of islet or beta cells is seen as the cure for type 1 diabetes since it allows physiological regulation of blood glucose levels without requiring any compliance from the patients. In order to circumvent the use of immunosuppressive drugs (and their side effects), semipermeable membranes have been developed to encapsulate and immunoprotect transplanted cells. This review presents the historical developments of immunoisolation and provides an update on the current research in this field. A particular emphasis is laid on the fabrication, characterization and performance of membranes developed for immunoisolation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schweicher
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Crystal Nyitray
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 1700 4 Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Ding L, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. β-Cell differentiation and regeneration in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15 Suppl 3:98-104. [PMID: 24003926 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells have traditionally been viewed as a quiescent cell population. However, several recent lines of evidence indicated that like most tissues the β-cell mass is dynamically regulated with ongoing β-cell regeneration throughout life to replenish lost or damaged β-cells. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), this fine-tuned balance between β-cell death and β-cell renewal in the endocrine pancreas is lost and the deficit in β-cell mass is largely caused by autoimmune-mediated apoptosis. Currently, the concept that a cure for T1D will require both re-establishment of immunological tolerance along with replacement or regeneration of a functional β-cell mass in T1D patients is generally accepted. In this study our current understanding of the events directing β-cell replication, β-cell reprogramming from different cell types and β-cell regeneration is reviewed, in view of the results of various immunomodulatory strategies aiming at blocking autoimmune responses against pancreatic β-cells and at improving β-cell mass and function in subjects with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ding
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Bradley-Stewart A, Jolly L, Adamson W, Gunson R, Frew-Gillespie C, Templeton K, Aitken C, Carman W, Cameron S, McSharry C. Cytokine responses in patients with mild or severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:100-7. [PMID: 23790455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza virus affects millions of people worldwide each year. More severe infection occurs in the elderly, very young and immunocompromised. In 2009, a new variant of swine origin (influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus) emerged that produced severe disease in young healthy adults. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokine concentrations are associated with clinical outcome in patients infected influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. STUDY DESIGN Plasma concentration of 32 cytokines and growth factors were measured using a multiplex bead immunoassay and conventional ELISA in four patient groups. Patients with severe and mild influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, rhinovirus infection and healthy volunteers were investigated. In addition, serial samples of respiratory secretions from five patients with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection were examined. RESULTS The majority of cytokines measured were elevated in patients with viral respiratory infections compared to the healthy controls. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, IP-10, IL-2R, HGF, ST2 and MIG were significantly higher (p<0.05) and EGF significantly lower (p=0.0001) in patients with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection compared to those with mild influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and rhinovirus infection. CONCLUSIONS A number of cytokines were found to be substantially elevated in patients with severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. This supports and extends other published work suggesting a role for proinflammatory cytokines in influenza-induced lung pathology. Interestingly, EGF was significantly lower in patients with severe infection suggesting it is actively suppressed. As EGF has a role in role in cell proliferation and tissue repair, it may protect the lung from host or virus mediated damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bradley-Stewart
- West of Scotland Specialist Virology Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, United Kingdom.
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Heroin dependence duration influences the metabolic parameters: mechanisms and consequences of impaired insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C virus seronegative heroin dependents. J Addict Med 2013; 6:304-10. [PMID: 23013781 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0b013e31826bd76c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carbohydrate metabolism disorder in heroin dependence is an issue with long history and contradicting results. The aim of the study was to evaluate basal insulin sensitivity in hepatitis C virus seronegative heroin dependents with normal body mass index, taking into consideration the duration of heroin dependence. METHOD 78 heroin dependents and 32 healthy controls were enrolled in the cross-sectional, prospective study. The dependents were observed in 2 groups: group 1 with dependence duration less than or equal to 3 years and group 2 with more than 3 years. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-B%) were used to define basal glucose-insulin homeostasis. RESULTS The group with longer dependence duration had HOMA-IR (2.23 ± 3.15) significantly higher compared with the control group (1.23 ± 0.53, P = 0.016) but lower compared with the group with the shorter dependence duration (2.65 ± 2.66, P = 0.024), after adjustment for HOMA-B%, waist circumference, and aspartate aminotransferase. The decrease in HOMA-IR during prolonged heroin addiction was significantly associated with the reduced β-cell function (P < 0.001) and waist circumference (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Heroin dependence is associated with increased insulin resistance in hepatitis C virus seronegative heroin dependents. Prolonged heroin use is associated with reduction of basal β-cell pancreatic function with decreased insulin resistance controlled for waist circumference, but still inducing significantly decreased basal insulin sensitivity.
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Ezquer F, Ezquer M, Contador D, Ricca M, Simon V, Conget P. The antidiabetic effect of mesenchymal stem cells is unrelated to their transdifferentiation potential but to their capability to restore Th1/Th2 balance and to modify the pancreatic microenvironment. Stem Cells 2013; 30:1664-74. [PMID: 22644660 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that results from cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells. In T1DM animal models, it has been shown that the systemic administration of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred as to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), results in the regeneration of pancreatic islets. Mechanisms underlying this effect are still poorly understood. Our aims were to assess whether donor MSCs (a) differentiate into pancreatic β-cells and (b) modify systemic and pancreatic pathophysiologic markers of T1DM. After the intravenous administration of 5 × 10(5) syngeneic MSCs, we observed that mice with T1DM reverted their hyperglycemia and presented no donor-derived insulin-producing cells. In contrast, 7 and 65 days post-transplantation, MSCs were engrafted into secondary lymphoid organs. This correlated with a systemic and local reduction in the abundance of autoaggressive T cells together with an increase in regulatory T cells. Additionally, in the pancreas of mice with T1DM treated with MSCs, we observed a cytokine profile shift from proinflammatory to antinflammatory. MSC transplantation did not reduce pancreatic cell apoptosis but recovered local expression and increased the circulating levels of epidermal growth factor, a pancreatic trophic factor. Therefore, the antidiabetic effect of MSCs intravenously administered is unrelated to their transdifferentiation potential but to their capability to restore the balance between Th1 and Th2 immunological responses along with the modification of the pancreatic microenvironment. Our data should be taken into account when designing clinical trials aimed to evaluate MSC transplantation in patients with T1DM since the presence of endogenous precursors seems to be critical in order to restore glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ezquer
- Instituto de Ciencias, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex chronic disease associated with an absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and a progressive deterioration of β-cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D pathophysiology has numerous defects including incretin deficiency/resistance. Gastrin has demonstrated to be an islet growth factor (like glucagon-like peptide-1, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-α,…) and be able to restore a functional β-cell mass in diabetic animals. This hormone is likely to stimulate insulin secretion during an ordinary protein-rich meal, this is, to have an incretin-like effect. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can raise serum gastrin concentration significantly and therefore, affect to glucose metabolism through promoting β-cell regeneration/expansion and also enhancing insulin secretion. The present paper aims to review studies concerning the effect of PPIs on glucose metabolism. Several research groups have recently explored the potential role of this class of drugs on glycemic control, mainly in T2D. The results show antidiabetic properties for the PPIs with a global glucose-lowering power around 0.6-0.7 % points of HbA1c, but the level of evidence for the available literature is still not high. If these data start to become demonstrated in the ongoing clinical trials, PPIs could become a new antidiabetic agent with a good and safe profile for T2D and even useful for T1D, particularly in the area of islet transplantation to preserve β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boj-Carceller
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel La Católica, 1-3, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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