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Berentschot JC, Drexhage HA, Aynekulu Mersha DG, Wijkhuijs AJM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Koopmans MPG, Voermans JJC, Hendriks RW, Nagtzaam NMA, de Bie M, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Bek LM, Ribbers GM, van den Berg-Emons RJG, Aerts JGJV, Dik WA, Hellemons ME. Immunological profiling in long COVID: overall low grade inflammation and T-lymphocyte senescence and increased monocyte activation correlating with increasing fatigue severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254899. [PMID: 37881427 PMCID: PMC10597688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection develop long COVID with fatigue as one of the most disabling symptoms. We performed clinical and immune profiling of fatigued and non-fatigued long COVID patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Methods Long COVID symptoms were assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, including the fatigue assessment scale (FAS, scores ≥22 denote fatigue), and followed up to one year after hospital discharge. We assessed inflammation-related genes in circulating monocytes, serum levels of inflammation-regulating cytokines, and leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets, including major monocyte subsets and senescent T-lymphocytes, at 3-6 months post-discharge. Results We included 37 fatigued and 36 non-fatigued long COVID patients and 42 HCs. Fatigued long COVID patients represented a more severe clinical profile than non-fatigued patients, with many concurrent symptoms (median 9 [IQR 5.0-10.0] vs 3 [1.0-5.0] symptoms, p<0.001), and signs of cognitive failure (41%) and depression (>24%). Immune abnormalities that were found in the entire group of long COVID patients were low grade inflammation (increased inflammatory gene expression in monocytes, increased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines) and signs of T-lymphocyte senescence (increased exhausted CD8+ TEMRA-lymphocytes). Immune profiles did not significantly differ between fatigued and non-fatigued long COVID groups. However, the severity of fatigue (total FAS score) significantly correlated with increases of intermediate and non-classical monocytes, upregulated gene levels of CCL2, CCL7, and SERPINB2 in monocytes, increases in serum Galectin-9, and higher CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts. Conclusion Long COVID with fatigue is associated with many concurrent and persistent symptoms lasting up to one year after hospitalization. Increased fatigue severity associated with stronger signs of monocyte activation in long COVID patients and potentially point in the direction of monocyte-endothelial interaction. These abnormalities were present against a background of immune abnormalities common to the entire group of long COVID patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Berentschot
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hemmo A. Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marion P. G. Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda J. C. Voermans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W. Hendriks
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole M. A. Nagtzaam
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Bie
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Majanka H. Heijenbrok-Kal
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Rijndam Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - L. Martine Bek
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard M. Ribbers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Rijndam Rehabilitation, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joachim G. J. V. Aerts
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Merel E. Hellemons
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Manusama O, Singh S, Brooimans RA, Wijkhuijs A, van der Ent M, Drexhage HA, Dalm VA. Reduced numbers of naïve CD4 + T cells and an altered CD4/CD8 balance in depressed common variable immune deficiency (CVID) patients. Is thymosin-α1 a possible treatment? Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110168. [PMID: 37086677 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
In the 1990's the macrophage-T-cell-theory of depression was posed stating that low grade inflammation and an abnormal T cell system destabilize the development and function of the emotional brain in such a way, that individuals become ultrasensitive to stress. Recently we gathered evidence that indeed higher frequencies of CD4+ memory T cells, lower frequencies of naive CD4 + T cells, higher frequencies of CD8 + T cells (the latter two in part elicited by Cytomegalovirus, CMV, infection) are a characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In MDD patients with a history of childhood trauma and severe depression monocytes are inflammatory activated. Low grade inflammation and T cell system defects have also been reported in patients with Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) (next to antibody production defects). CVID patients show a higher prevalence of mild depression. The aim of this study was to determine T cell frequencies and monocyte inflammatory activation in CVID patients with and without depression. This study confirms that CVID patients have CMV independent decreases in the frequency of naïve CD4 + T cells and it de novo shows a CMV dependent increase in the expression of inflammatory genes in monocytes. CVID patients with depression are additionally characterized by a CMV independent increase in the frequency of naïve CD8 + T cells, while lacking monocyte inflammatory activation. In conclusion, depressed CVID patients have T cell abnormalities comparable to that of patients with regular MDD. These abnormalities are presently targeted by thymosin α1 in an open-label proof of concept trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Manusama
- Dept of Immunology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sajni Singh
- Dept of Immunology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik A Brooimans
- Dept of Immunology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Wijkhuijs
- Dept of Immunology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne van der Ent
- Dept of Immunology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Dept of Immunology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Virgil A Dalm
- Dept of Immunology, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Wu Q, Tu H, Li J. Multifaceted Roles of Chemokine C-X-C Motif Ligand 7 in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914730. [PMID: 35837284 PMCID: PMC9273993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, C-X-C motif ligand 7 (CXCL7) has received widespread attention as a chemokine involved in inflammatory responses. Abnormal production of the chemokine CXCL7 has been identified in different inflammatory diseases; nevertheless, the exact role of CXCL7 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases is not fully understood. Persistent infection or chronic inflammation can induce tumorigenesis and progression. Previous studies have shown that the pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL7 is also expressed by malignant tumor cells and that binding of CXCL7 to its cognate receptors C-X-C chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1) and C-X-C chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) can influence tumor biological behavior (proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis) in an autocrine and paracrine manner. CXCL7 and its receptor CXCR1/CXCR2, which are aberrantly expressed in tumors, may represent new targets for clinical tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmiao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huaijun Tu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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4
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Jia X, Zhai T, Zhang JA. Circulating Exosome Involves in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases Through Immunomodulatory Proteins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730089. [PMID: 34867951 PMCID: PMC8636008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) are chronic organ-specific autoimmune diseases, mainly including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, contain a variety of biologically active substances that play a role in information exchange, thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of diseases. However, it is unclear whether exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of AITDs. In this study, the role of exosomes in AITDs was explored from a proteomics perspective. Plasma exosomes were isolated from 12 patients with GD, 10 patients with HT, and seven normal controls (NC). Protein profiles were detected using the data-independent acquisition (DIA) method and analyzed to investigate changes in plasma exosome proteins. In the setting of GD, 11 proteins were upregulated while 197 proteins were downregulated compared with healthy people. Among them, MAP1S (log2 FC = 4.669, p = 0.009) and VAMP8 (log2 FC = 3.216, p = 0.003) were the most significantly upregulated, and RSU1 (log2 FC = -6.797, p = 0.001), ACTB (log2 FC = -4.795, p < 0.001), and CXCL7 (log2 FC = -4.674, p < 0.001) were the most significantly downregulated. In the cases of HT, HGFL (log2 FC = 2.766, p = 0.001), FAK1 (log2 FC = 2.213, p < 0.001), and PTN12 (log2 FC = 1.624, p < 0.001) were significantly upregulated, while PSMF1 (log2 FC = -3.591, p < 0.001), PXL2B (log2 FC = -2.622, p = 0.001), and CYTM (log2 FC = -1.609, p < 0.001) were the most downregulated. These differential proteins were mainly enriched in the immune system and metabolic system, indicating that plasma exosomes may play an important role in systemic immune imbalance in AITDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-an Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kyrgios I, Fragou A, Kotanidou EP, Mouzaki K, Efraimidou S, Tzimagiorgis G, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. DNA methylation analysis within the IL2RA gene promoter in youth with autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13199. [PMID: 31943147 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-subunit of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL2RA) is involved in the regulation of T-cell function and has been related to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, promoter methylation might account for differences in gene expression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the percentage of DNA methylation within the IL2RA gene promoter in young patients with AITD. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional design, the presence of DNA methylation in the IL2RA gene promoter was quantified, by real-time PCR and melting curve analysis, in modified genomic DNA isolated from blood samples of a total of 149 children and adolescents with AITD, including patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (ΗΤ) (n = 60), Graves' disease (GD) (n = 9), concurrent diagnosis of HT and type 1 diabetes (T1DM + HT) (n = 25), and healthy controls (n = 55). RESULTS The percentage of DNA methylation in the IL2RA gene promoter was significantly decreased in patients with GD (26.0 ± 4.2%) but not in those with HT (36.3 ± 1.4%) in comparison with controls (41.3 ± 1.5%). CONCLUSIONS The observed DNA hypomethylation in the IL2RA gene promoter in patients with GD might be related to its increased expression, thus contributing to the etiopathogenesis of GD in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kyrgios
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Fragou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni P Kotanidou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Mouzaki
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Georgios Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Assimina Galli-Tsinopoulou
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Pang Y, Guan Y, Jin X, Shen H, Liu L, Jia Q, Meng F, Zhang X. Association of TSHR Gene Copy Number Variation with TSH Abnormalities. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:85-90. [PMID: 29546542 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is secreted by the pituitary gland and promotes thyroid growth and function, with increased TSH levels typically associated with hypothyroidism. By consulting the literature, we found that the TSHR, PAX8, and PDE4B genes are associated with thyroid function. Recently, copy number variations (CNVs) have been used as genetic markers to investigate inter-individual variation. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the TSHR, PAX8, and PDE4B gene CNVs and TSH abnormalities, by calculating variations in gene copy number. Four hundred and eighty-one participants, 232 healthy controls and 249 patients with TSH abnormalities, were selected from three distinct areas in China with different iodine statuses. RT-PCR was used to detect CNVs. Urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) were measured by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry. There was an association between a CNV at the TSHR gene and TSH abnormalities (p = 0.002). The distribution of PAX8 and PDE4B gene CNVs between patients with TSH abnormalities and healthy controls was not significantly different. UIC > 200 μg/l (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.01-2.22) and the TSHR gene (OR = 6.01, 95% CI = 1.96-18.41) were found to be risk factors for TSH abnormalities. PAX8 and PDE4B gene CNVs were not significantly associated with TSH abnormalities. There was no significant interaction between UIC and any of the examined CNVs. In conclusion, the TSHR gene CNV was associated with the development of TSH abnormalities. No significant associations were revealed between urinary iodine levels and candidate gene CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingzhen Jia
- Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Minamino H, Inaba H, Ariyasu H, Furuta H, Nishi M, Yoshimasu T, Nishikawa A, Nakanishi M, Tsuchihashi S, Kojima F, Murata SI, Inoue G, Akamizu T. A novel immunopathological association of IgG4-RD and vasculitis with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2016; 2016:160004. [PMID: 26966543 PMCID: PMC4785346 DOI: 10.1530/edm-16-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A 73-year-old man with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) suffered from purpura on the lower legs. He was diagnosed with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) with serum IgG4 elevation and dacryo-sialadenitis confirmed histologically. Serum Th2 and Treg cytokines, interleukin 7 (IL7), IL8 and Th2 chemokine levels were elevated, while skewed Th1 balance was seen in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Therefore, preferential Th1 balance in HT appeared to be followed by IgG4-RD characterized with Th2 and Treg polarization. The commencement of steroid therapy dramatically exacerbated clinical manifestations including IgG4-RD-associated HT. The measurement of cytokine and chemokine levels as well as FACS analysis in the development of IgG4-RD seemed to be beneficial. In conclusion, an innovative association of HT, IgG4-RD and vasculitis was observed. This report also offers novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Minamino
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan; Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Wakayama Red Cross Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Inaba
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University , 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ariyasu
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University , 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509 , Japan
| | - Hiroto Furuta
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University , 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishi
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University , 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509 , Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimasu
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Akinori Nishikawa
- Department of Hematology, Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Masanori Nakanishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Medical Oncology, Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Shigeki Tsuchihashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Kojima
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Murata
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Wakayama Red Cross Hospital , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Takashi Akamizu
- The First Department of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University , 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509 , Japan
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8
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Liu YZ, Maney P, Puri J, Zhou Y, Baddoo M, Strong M, Wang YP, Flemington E, Deng HW. RNA-sequencing study of peripheral blood monocytes in chronic periodontitis. Gene 2016; 581:152-60. [PMID: 26812355 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocytes are an important cell type in chronic periodontitis (CP) by interacting with oral bacteria and mediating host immune response. The aim of this study was to reveal new functional genes and pathways for CP at monocyte transcriptomic level. METHODS We performed an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) study of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) in 5 non-smoking moderate to severe CP (case) individuals vs. 5 controls. We took advantage of a microarray study of periodontitis to support our findings. We also performed pathway-based analysis on the identified differentially expressed (DEx) transcripts/isoforms using DAVID (Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery). RESULTS Through differential expression analyses at both whole gene (or whole non-coding RNA) and isoform levels, we identified 380 DEx transcripts and 5955 DEx isoforms with a PPEE (posterior probability of equal expression) of <0.05. Pervasive up-regulation of transcripts at isoform level in CP vs. control individuals was observed, suggesting a more functionally active monocyte transcriptome for CP. By comparing with the microarray dataset, we identified several CP-associated novel genes (e.g., FACR and CUX1) that have functions to interact with invading microorganisms or enhance TNF production on lipopolysaccharide stimulation. DAVID analysis of both the RNA-seq and the microarray datasets leads to converging evidence supporting "endocytosis", "cytokine production" and "apoptosis" as significant biological processes in CP. CONCLUSIONS As the first RNA-seq study of PBMs for CP, this study provided novel findings at both gene (e.g., FCAR and CUX1) and biological process level. The findings will contribute to better understanding of CP disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Zhong Liu
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Dept. of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.
| | - Pooja Maney
- Dept. of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.
| | - Jyoti Puri
- Dept. of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yu Zhou
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Dept. of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michael Strong
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, United States
| | - Erik Flemington
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Dept. of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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9
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Oguz A, Tuzun D, Sahin M, Usluogullari AC, Usluogullari B, Celik A, Gul K. Frequency of isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in a moderately iodine-deficient area. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:792-5. [PMID: 26190538 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1054801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate frequency of isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using both the method specific trimester range (MSTR) and the standard reference range (SRR). METHODS Our study included 50 GDM patients (case group) and 60 non-GDM pregnant (control group). Glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fT4 and TSH values were measured when pregnancy was confirmed in all participants. Thyroid function tests were measured in each trimester using the SRR and the MSTR. RESULTS In the second and third trimesters, mean fT4 levels were significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group, based on the SRR (p < 0.001). Mean fT4 levels were within the normal reference range in both groups, based on the MSTR; however, the levels were significantly lower in the case group (p < 0.001). Using the SRR, IMH frequencies in the second and third trimesters, in the case group were 56 and 86%, respectively, and were 13.3 and 46.7%, respectively, in the control group (p < 0.001). Using the MSTR, the IMH frequencies in the second and third trimesters were 8 and 14%, respectively; there were no instances of IMH in the control group. CONCLUSION This study shows that changes in glucose metabolism may affect the thyroid hormone levels (fT4). Additionally, evaluating thyroid function tests in GDM patients using the MSTR can give more accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Oguz
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
| | - Dilek Tuzun
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
| | - Murat Sahin
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
| | - Alper Celil Usluogullari
- b Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Dr. Ersin Arslan State Hospital , Gaziantep , Turkey
| | - Betül Usluogullari
- c Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cengiz Gokcek Obstetrics and Children's Hospital , Gaziantep , Turkey , and
| | - Ahmet Celik
- d Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
| | - Kamile Gul
- a Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine , Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University , Kahramanmaras , Turkey
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Baldeón R L, Weigelt K, de Wit H, Ozcan B, van Oudenaren A, Sempértegui F, Sijbrands E, Grosse L, van Zonneveld AJ, Drexhage HA, Leenen PJM. Type 2 Diabetes Monocyte MicroRNA and mRNA Expression: Dyslipidemia Associates with Increased Differentiation-Related Genes but Not Inflammatory Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129421. [PMID: 26083362 PMCID: PMC4471054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression pattern of microRNAs and mRNAs related to inflammation in T2D monocytes. DESIGN A microRNA finding study on monocytes of T2D patients and controls using array profiling was followed by a quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) study on monocytes of an Ecuadorian validation cohort testing the top over/under-expressed microRNAs. In addition, monocytes of the validation cohort were tested for 24 inflammation-related mRNAs and 2 microRNAs previously found deregulated in (auto)-inflammatory monocytes. RESULTS In the finding study, 142 significantly differentially expressed microRNAs were identified, 15 having the strongest power to discriminate T2D patients from controls (sensitivity 66%, specificity 90%). However, differences in expression of these microRNAs between patients and controls were small. On the basis of >1.4 or <0.6-fold change expression 5 microRNAs were selected for further validation. One microRNA (miR-34c-5p) was validated as significantly over-expressed in T2D monocytes. In addition, we found over expression of 3 mRNAs (CD9, DHRS3 and PTPN7) in the validation cohort. These mRNAs are important for cell morphology, adhesion, shape change, and cell differentiation. Classical inflammatory genes (e.g. TNFAIP3) were only over-expressed in monocytes of patients with normal serum lipids. Remarkably, in dyslipidemia, there was a reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g. ATF3, DUSP2 and PTGS2). CONCLUSIONS The expression profile of microRNAs/mRNAs in monocytes of T2D patients indicates an altered adhesion, differentiation, and shape change potential. Monocyte inflammatory activation was only found in patients with normal serum lipids. Abnormal lipid values coincided with a reduced monocyte inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Baldeón R
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Immunology, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karin Weigelt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Ozcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Grosse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Prometeo Program SENESCYT, Central University of Ecuador and Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas, Quito, Ecuador
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11
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Mesman E, Hillegers MH, Ambree O, Arolt V, Nolen WA, Drexhage HA. Monocyte activation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and S100B in bipolar offspring: a follow-up study from adolescence into adulthood. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:39-49. [PMID: 25039314 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is increasing evidence that both immune and neurochemical alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder; however, their precise role remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate neuro-immune changes in a prospective study on children of patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Bipolar offspring, from the prospective Dutch bipolar offspring study (n = 140), were evaluated cross-sectionally within a longitudinal context at adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. We examined the expression of 44 inflammation-related genes in monocytes, the cytokines pentraxin 3 (PTX3), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) in the serum of bipolar offspring and healthy controls. RESULTS During adolescence, bipolar offspring showed increased inflammatory gene expression in monocytes, high serum PTX3 levels, but normal CCL2 levels. BDNF levels were decreased, while S100B levels were normal. During young adulthood, monocyte activation remained, although to a lesser degree. Serum PTX3 levels remained high, and signs of monocyte migration became apparent through increased CCL2 levels. BDNF and S100B levels were not measured. At adulthood, circulating monocytes had lost their activation state, but CCL2 levels remained increased. Both BDNF and S100B were now increased. Abnormalities were independent of psychopathology state at all stages. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests an aberrant neuro-immune state in bipolar offspring, which followed a dynamic course from adolescence into adulthood and was present irrespective of lifetime or future mood disorders. We therefore assumed that the aberrant neuro-immune state reflects a general state of vulnerability for mood disorders rather than being of direct predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mesman
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Shi Y, Sun M, Wang Z, Fu Q, Cao M, Zhu Z, Meng C, Mao J, Duan Y, Tang W, Huang X, Lu J, Bi Y, Ning G, He W, Yang T. Association between calcaneus quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters and thyroid status in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men with euthyroidism: a population-based cross-sectional study. Endocrine 2014; 47:227-33. [PMID: 24464689 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that thyroid hormones affect bone metabolism, there is little data on the association of thyroid antibodies with bone status. We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormones or antibodies and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in Nanjing, China. A total of 1,001 Chinese men over 40 years were enrolled. We measured free triiodothyronine, free thyroxin (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and QUS parameters. After adjusting for potential confounders, QUS values decreased from the lowest to highest tertiles of fT4 in euthyroid men [quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) p = 0.002, broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) p = 0.000, speed of sound (SOS) p = 0.009, respectively]. Men with high anti-TPO levels (≥200 IU/ml) were found to have lower QUI (p = 0.030), BUA (p = 0.034), and SOS (p = 0.041) values than controls (<200 IU/ml). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in individuals with high anti-TPO than those in lower levels (87.5 vs. 59.5 %, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that high fT4 or anti-TPO values are associated with lower QUS parameters. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the precise relationship between thyroid status and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
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13
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Ou S, Liu GD, Tan Y, Zhou LS, Bai SR, Xue G, Li J, Yang Y, Cui J, Cheng JM, Gu JW. A time course study about gene expression of post-thermal injury with DNA microarray. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:757-64. [PMID: 25069606 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burn injury is one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma in daily life. However, the exact sequence of events after burn injury remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate gene expression alterations after burn injury. METHODS Microarray data set GSE8056 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 12 samples, equally distributed in four groups: normal skin tissue as control and damaged tissues 1-3 days after burn (early period); 4-7 days after burn (middle period); and more than 7 days after burn (late period). Packages in R language were utilized to pre-process the data and filter out the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional annotation of all three groups of DEGs was conducted by using clusters of orthologous groups analysis. The DEGs shared by all three groups were picked out and analyzed with STRING to set up a protein-protein interaction network. CFinder was chosen to implement module analysis, and expression analysis systematic explorer was then adopted to reveal the dysfunctional pathways for each module. RESULTS A total of 727, 782, and 445 DEGs were identified in the early, middle, and late period after burn, and 234 DEGs were identified as continually differentially expressed throughout all time periods, including genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1β, and genes associated with cell proliferation. Three modules associated with cell proliferation and inflammatory responses were generated from the protein-protein interaction network. CONCLUSION Our findings are beneficial for understanding the progression of the wound healing response after burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Guo-Dong Liu
- Department 8, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Office of Scientific Research and Training Administration, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Le-Shun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Shu-Rong Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing-Min Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Jian-Wen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Chengdu, Sichuan
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Carvalho LA, Bergink V, Sumaski L, Wijkhuijs J, Hoogendijk WJ, Birkenhager TK, Drexhage HA. Inflammatory activation is associated with a reduced glucocorticoid receptor alpha/beta expression ratio in monocytes of inpatients with melancholic major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e344. [PMID: 24424390 PMCID: PMC3905228 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used new technology to investigate whether a coherent pattern of enhanced expression of inflammatory and other immune activation genes in circulating monocytes is found in patients with major depression. Since a high inflammatory state of monocytes might be related to glucocorticoid resistance, we also included the genes for the two isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor. For this study, we aimed at finding a similar coherent pattern of inflammatory and immune activation genes in monocytes of patients with MDD and recruited 47 medication-free melancholic MDD inpatients and 42 healthy controls. A quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) monocyte gene expression analysis was performed using a panel of inflammatory-related genes previously identified as abnormally regulated in mood disorder patients. Selected serum cytokines/chemokines were assessed using a cytometric bead array. Depressive symptoms were analysed using Hamilton depression scores (HAMD). Thirty-four of the 47 monocyte inflammatory-related genes were significantly upregulated and 2 were significantly downregulated as compared to controls, the latter including the gene for the active GRα in particular in those with a high HAMD score. The reduced GRα expression correlated strongly to the upregulation of the inflammatory genes in monocytes. Serum levels of IL6, IL8, CCL2 and VEGF were significantly increased in patients compared to controls. Our data show the deregulation of two interrelated homoeostatic systems, that is, the immune system and the glucocorticoid system, co-occurring in major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK,UCL Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 1–19 Torrington Place, Rm356a, London, WC1E 7HB, UK. E-mail:
| | - V Bergink
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Sumaski
- Klinik und Poliklinik fur Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitatsklinikum Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - J Wijkhuijs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W J Hoogendijk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T K Birkenhager
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Beumer W, Effraimidis G, Drexhage RC, Wiersinga WM, Drexhage HA. Changes in serum adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines, and tissue remodeling factors in euthyroid women without thyroid antibodies who are at risk for autoimmune thyroid disease: a hypothesis on the early phases of the endocrine autoimmune reaction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2460-8. [PMID: 23559080 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The target glands in spontaneous animal models of endocrine autoimmune disease show, prior to the autoimmune reaction, growth and connective tissue abnormalities, whereas the autoimmune reaction is initiated by an early accumulation of macrophages and dendritic cells in the target glands. AIM The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that serum factors related to these growth and connective tissue abnormalities and the early accumulation of immune cells, ie, tissue growth/remodeling factors, adhesion molecules, chemokines, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, are related to thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPO-Abs) seroconversion in subjects at risk to develop autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). DESIGN A controlled study on 64 TPO-Ab-negative euthyroid female relatives with at least 1 first- or second-degree relative with documented autoimmune hyper- or hypothyroidism, 32 of whom did and 32 who did not seroconvert to TPO-Ab positivity in 5-year follow-up. The relatives were compared with 32 healthy controls. In all subjects we measured serum levels of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL3, CCL4, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, thrombospondin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, angiopoietin 1 receptor-2, metalloproteinase-13, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, fibronectin, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and growth differentiation factor-15 by multiplex (cytometric bead array) or a single commercial ELISA. RESULTS Both seroconverting and nonseroconverting family members showed an up-regulation of fibronectin and a down-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor-BB and the adhesion and migration factors CCL2, CCL4, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, angiopoietin 1 receptor-2, and metalloproteinase-13. The seroconverters differed from the nonseroconverters by an up-regulation of the proinflammatory compounds Il-1β, IL-6, and CCL3. CONCLUSION This study shows that euthyroid females within AITD families show a characteristic pattern of abnormalities in serum levels of tissue remodeling factors, growth factors, chemokines, (vascular) adhesion molecules, and cytokines prior to the occurrence of TPO-Abs in serum. The results provide proof of principle that preseroconversion stages and seroconversion to AITD might be predicted using serum analytes related to growth/connective tissue abnormalities and migration/accumulation abnormalities of macrophages and dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Beumer
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Immune system dysregulation in first-onset postpartum psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2013; 73:1000-7. [PMID: 23270599 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that dysregulation of the immune system represents an important vulnerability factor for mood disorders. Postpartum psychosis (PP) is a severe mood disorder occurring within 4 weeks after delivery, a period of heightened immune responsiveness and an altered endocrine set point. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine immune activation in patients with first-onset PP at the level of monocytes, T cells, and serum cytokines/chemokines. METHODS We included 63 women admitted with first-onset PP. Control groups included healthy postpartum (n = 56) and nonpostpartum (n = 136) women. A quantitative-polymerase chain reaction monocyte gene expression analysis was performed with 43 genes previously identified as abnormally regulated in nonpostpartum mood disorder patients including the isoforms of the glucocorticoid receptor. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells percentages were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, whereas serum cytokines/chemokines were determined with a cytometric bead array. RESULTS In healthy women, postpartum T cell levels were significantly elevated compared with nonpostpartum. Patients with PP failed to show the normal postpartum T cell elevation. In contrast, these patients showed a significant elevation of monocyte levels and a significant upregulation of several immune-related monocyte genes compared with control subjects postpartum and nonpostpartum. Furthermore, the glucocorticoid receptor α/β gene expression ratio was decreased in monocytes of PP patients, strongly correlating with their immune activation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a robust dysregulation of the immuno-neuro-endocrine set point in PP, with a notable over-activation of the monocyte/macrophage arm of the immune system.
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Stohl HE, Ouzounian J, Rick AM, Hueppchen NA, Bienstock JL. Thyroid disease and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): is there a connection? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:1139-42. [PMID: 23461673 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.773309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to assess for differences in incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for patients with thyroid hypofunction versus patients with thyroid hyperfunction. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all women with clinical thyroid disease delivering at Johns Hopkins Hospital from January 2005 to December 2008 was performed. Clinical parameters were abstracted and appropriate statistical tests were performed. RESULTS GDM occurred in 12.3% of women in the study cohort. Of the women with hypothyroidism, 14.3% developed GDM compared to 5.8% of hyperthyroid women. Cesarean delivery was significantly higher in women with hypothyroidism versus women with hyperthyroidism (p = 0.002). There were no differences between groups with respect to preterm delivery, postpartum hemorrhage or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS If larger studies confirm the trends observed in our study, consideration should be given to including women with known thyroid disease in the subset of women who should be offered screening for diabetes early in pregnancy and appropriate clinical surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindi E Stohl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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18
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Weigelt K, Bergink V, Burgerhout KM, Pescatori M, Wijkhuijs A, Drexhage HA. Down-regulation of inflammation-protective microRNAs 146a and 212 in monocytes of patients with postpartum psychosis. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 29:147-155. [PMID: 23295264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum psychosis (PP) is thought to belong to the bipolar spectrum. Recently we described an immune activation signature in monocytes of patients with PP using gene expression profiling. Immune activation genes are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). We therefore profiled miRNA expression in monocytes of PP patients to identify differentially expressed miRNAs between PP and the healthy state. METHODS In a profiling study we carried out miRNA profiling using TaqMan array human microRNA A cards v2.0 and monocytes of 8 PP patients. Data were analyzed against monocytes of healthy postpartum women (CP). Nine miRNAs were selected and tested using individual Q-PCR in a larger validation study on monocytes of 20 PP patients, 20 CP and 20 healthy non-postpartum women (HC). RESULTS In the validation study miR-146a expression was significantly down-regulated in the monocytes of first onset PP patients as compared to CP and HC; miR-212 expression was significantly down-regulated in PP patients with prior bipolar disorder. In silico miR-146a targeted 4 genes of the previously described monocyte activation signature in bipolar disorder; miR-212 targeted 2 of such genes. In a correlation study decreased expression of miR-146a in monocytes was related to decreased natural T regulator cells in PP patients; decreased miR-212 was correlated to increased Adrenomedulin and decreased IL-6 expression in monocytes and to higher Th2 cell levels. CONCLUSIONS This study identified changes in miR-146a and -212 expression in PP. Since these miRNAs are linked to inflammation, the study strengthens the view that PP is an inflammation-like condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Weigelt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Veerle Bergink
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M Burgerhout
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarie Wijkhuijs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang Q, Fillmore TL, Schepmoes AA, Clauss TRW, Gritsenko MA, Mueller PW, Rewers M, Atkinson MA, Smith RD, Metz TO. Serum proteomics reveals systemic dysregulation of innate immunity in type 1 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 210:191-203. [PMID: 23277452 PMCID: PMC3549705 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics analysis identifies human serum proteins involved with innate immune responses, complement activation, and blood coagulation that are diagnostic for type 1 diabetes. Using global liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)–based proteomics analyses, we identified 24 serum proteins that were significantly variant between those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and healthy controls. Functionally, these proteins represent innate immune responses, the activation cascade of complement, inflammatory responses, and blood coagulation. Targeted verification analyses were performed on 52 surrogate peptides representing these proteins, with serum samples from an antibody standardization program cohort of 100 healthy control and 50 type 1 diabetic subjects. 16 peptides were verified as having very good discriminating power, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve ≥0.8. Further validation with blinded serum samples from an independent cohort (10 healthy control and 10 type 1 diabetics) demonstrated that peptides from platelet basic protein and C1 inhibitor achieved both 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for classification of samples. The disease specificity of these proteins was assessed using sera from 50 age-matched type 2 diabetic individuals, and a subset of proteins, C1 inhibitor in particular, were exceptionally good discriminators between these two forms of diabetes. The panel of biomarkers distinguishing those with T1D from healthy controls and those with type 2 diabetes suggests that dysregulated innate immune responses may be associated with the development of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division and the 2 Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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20
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Weigelt K, Carvalho LA, Drexhage RC, Wijkhuijs A, de Wit H, van Beveren NJM, Birkenhäger TK, Bergink V, Drexhage HA. TREM-1 and DAP12 expression in monocytes of patients with severe psychiatric disorders. EGR3, ATF3 and PU.1 as important transcription factors. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:1162-9. [PMID: 21421043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune activation is a characteristic of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD). The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), its' adaptor molecule DAP12 and their transcription factor (TF) PU.1 are important key genes in inflammation and expressed in activated monocytes and microglia. AIM To test: (1) if the expressions of TREM-1, DAP12 and PU.1 are increased in monocytes of patients with severe psychiatric disorders and (2) if PU.1 and the TFs ATF3 and EGR3 (which have been found as prominent increased monocyte genes in previous studies) are involved in the regulation of TREM-1 and DAP12 expression. METHODS Using Q-PCR, we studied the gene expression of TREM-1, DAP12, PU.1, ATF3 and EGR3 in the monocytes of 73 patients with severe psychiatric disorders (27 recent onset SCZ patients, 22 BD patients and 24 MDD patients) and of 79 healthy controls (HC). Using in silico TF binding site prediction and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we studied the actual binding of EGR3, ATF3 and PU.1 to the promoter regions of TREM-1 and DAP12. RESULTS 1. TREM-1 gene expression was increased in the monocytes of SCZ and BD patients and tended to be increased in the monocytes of MDD patients. 2. DAP12 gene levels were neither increased in the monocytes of SCZ, BD, nor MDD patients. 3. PU.1 expression levels were increased in the monocytes of MDD patients, but not in those of SCZ and BD patients. 4. TREM-1 expression levels correlated in particular to ATF3 and EGR3 expression levels, DAP12 expression levels correlated in particular to PU.1 expression levels. 5. We found using binding site prediction and ChIP assays that the TFs EGR3 and ATF3 indeed bound to the TREM-1 promoter, PU.1 bound to both the TREM-1 and DAP12 promoter. CONCLUSION In this study, we provide evidence that TREM-1 gene expression is significantly increased in monocytes of SCZ and BD patients and that the TREM-1 gene is a target gene of the TFs ATF3 and EGR3. In MDD patients, PU.1 gene expression was increased with a tendency for TREM-1 gene over expression. Our observations support the concept that monocytes are in a pro-inflammatory state in severe psychiatric conditions and suggest differences in monocyte inflammatory set points between SCZ, BD and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Weigelt
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Drexhage RC, Hoogenboezem TH, Versnel MA, Berghout A, Nolen WA, Drexhage HA. The activation of monocyte and T cell networks in patients with bipolar disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:1206-13. [PMID: 21443944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We recently described a monocyte pro-inflammatory state in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). We hypothesized that the CD4(+)T cell system is also activated and determined percentages of Th1, Th2, Th17 and CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells. METHODS We carried out a detailed FACS analysis to determine the various T cell subsets and used frozen stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 38 BD patients (of whom we previously had tested monocytes for pro-inflammatory gene expression (Drexhage et al., 2010b; Padmos et al., 2008)) and of 22 age/gender matched healthy controls (HC). In addition the cytokines CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PTX3, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-22 were measured in serum. RESULTS (a) Serum sCD25 levels and percentages of anti-inflammatory CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3+ regulatory T cells were higher, the latter in BD patients <40 years of age. Percentages of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells were normal. (b) Of the pro-inflammatory monocyte cytokines CCL2 and PTX3 were raised in serum. (c) The monocyte pro-inflammatory state and the raised percentages of CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells occurred independently from each other. (d) In BD patients positive for thyroid autoimmune disease a significantly reduced percentage of CD4(+)CD25(high)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells was found as compared to BD patients without AITD. CONCLUSION Our data show an enhancement of pro-inflammatory monocyte and anti-inflammatory T cell forces in BD patients. A lack of anti-inflammatory T cell forces co-occurred with AITD in BD patients.
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Dozmorov IM, Jarvis J, Saban R, Benbrook DM, Wakeland E, Aksentijevich I, Ryan J, Chiorazzi N, Guthridge JM, Drewe E, Tighe PJ, Centola M, Lefkovits I. Internal standard-based analysis of microarray data2--analysis of functional associations between HVE-genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:7881-99. [PMID: 21715372 PMCID: PMC3185418 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we apply the Internal Standard-based analytical approach that we described in an earlier communication and here we demonstrate experimental results on functional associations among the hypervariably-expressed genes (HVE-genes). Our working assumption was that those genetic components, which initiate the disease, involve HVE-genes for which the level of expression is undistinguishable among healthy individuals and individuals with pathology. We show that analysis of the functional associations of the HVE-genes is indeed suitable to revealing disease-specific differences. We show also that another possible exploit of HVE-genes for characterization of pathological alterations is by using multivariate classification methods. This in turn offers important clues on naturally occurring dynamic processes in the organism and is further used for dynamic discrimination of groups of compared samples. We conclude that our approach can uncover principally new collective differences that cannot be discerned by individual gene analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor M Dozmorov
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Abstract
Inflammation perturbs normal bone homeostasis and is known to induce bone loss, as it promotes both local cartilage degradation and local and systemic bone destruction by osteoclasts, as well as inhibits bone formation by osteoblasts. Thus, not surprisingly, inflammatory autoimmune diseases often lead to local and/or general bone loss. However, the mechanisms that target the bone in autoimmune disease are complex and diverse, as they range from a direct attack on the bone and cartilage by the immune cells to indirect consequences of disturbances of the systemic control of bone remodeling. This Review discusses current understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmune-mediated bone loss in view of new insight from two new fields of research: osteoimmunology, which analyzes the direct effect of immune cells on bone, and the integrative metabolism approach, which established the existence of neuroendocrine loops that regulate bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstraβe 12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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