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Jeong DH, Jung DW, Kim JW, Lee HS. Beauvericin, produced by Fusarium oxysporum inhibits bisphenol A-induced proliferation of human breast cancer cell line by regulating ERα/p38 pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 239:106483. [PMID: 38369033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclic depsipeptide secondary metabolite of Fusarium species. It causes chemical hazards in food products and exists in an environment containing soil and various food types. On the other hand, the purified BEA has various biological activities and is regarded as a potential candidate for pharmaceutical research. This study was performed to assess the anti-proliferation activity of BEA against human breast cancer cells by regulating the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)/p38 pathway. TA and BA assays verified that BEA is a completed ER antagonist. Additionally, BEA suppressed cell proliferation in the anti-proliferation assay involving ER-positive human breast cancer cells co-treated with BPA and BEA. In respect to an anti-proliferation activity, the BPA-induced phosphorylation of p38 protein was inhibited in the presence of BEA. These results suggested that BEA exerts inhibitory potentials on endocrine disrupting effect and possibly acts as a natural therapeutic material for human estrogen hormonal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong DH, Jung DW, You C, Lee HS. Mechanistic insight into human androgen receptor-mediated endocrine disrupting potential of cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxin, beauvericin, and influencing environmental factors for its biosynthesis in Fusarium oxysporum KFCC 11363P on rice cereal. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116227. [PMID: 38493703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In current study, Fusarium mycotoxin, beauvericin (BEA), has endocrine disrupting potential through suppressing the exogenous androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcriptional activation. BEA was classified as an AR antagonist, with IC30 and IC50 values indicating that it suppressed AR dimerization in the cytosol. BEA suppress the translocation of cytosolic activated ARs to the nucleus via exogenous androgens. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of environmental conditions for BEA production on rice cereal using response surface methodology. The environmental factors affecting the production of BEA, namely temperature, initial moisture content, and growth time were optimized at 20.28 °C, 42.79 % (w/w), and 17.31 days, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that BEA has endocrine disrupting potential through suppressing translocation of cytosolic ARs to nucleus, and temperature, initial moisture content, and growth time are important influencing environmental factors for its biosynthesis in Fusarium strains on cereal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, the Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chaemin You
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, the Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, the Republic of Korea.
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3
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Lalli E. A reappraisal of transcriptional regulation by NR5A1 and beta-catenin in adrenocortical carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1303332. [PMID: 38155952 PMCID: PMC10753177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1303332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the transcription factor NR5A1 and constitutive activation of canonical Wnt signalling leading to nuclear translocation of beta-catenin are hallmarks of malignancy in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Based on the analysis of genomic profiles in H295R ACC cells, Mohan et al. (Cancer Res. 2023; 83: 2123-2141) recently suggested that a major determinant driving proliferation and differentiation in malignant ACC is the interaction of NR5A1 and beta-catenin on chromatin to regulate gene expression. Methods I reanalyzed the same set of data generated by Mohan et al. and other published data of knockdown-validated NR5A1 and beta-catenin target genes. Results Beta-catenin is mainly found in association to canonical T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) motifs in genomic DNA. NR5A1 and beta-catenin regulate distinct target gene sets in ACC cells. Conclusion Overall, my analysis suggests a model where NR5A1 overexpression and beta-catenin activation principally act independently, rather than functionally interacting, to drive ACC malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, Valbonne, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, Valbonne, France
- Inserm, Valbonne, France
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Dalen KT, Li Y. Regulation of lipid droplets and cholesterol metabolism in adrenal cortical cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 124:79-136. [PMID: 38408810 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The adrenal gland is composed of two distinctly different endocrine moieties. The interior medulla consists of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells that secrete catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline, while the exterior cortex consists of steroidogenic cortical cells that produce steroid hormones, such as mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisone and cortisol) and androgens. Synthesis of steroid hormones in cortical cells requires substantial amounts of cholesterol, which is the common precursor for steroidogenesis. Cortical cells may acquire cholesterol from de novo synthesis and uptake from circulating low- and high-density lipoprotein particles (LDL and HDL). As cholesterol is part of the plasma membrane in all mammalian cells and an important regulator of membrane fluidity, cellular levels of free cholesterol are tightly regulated. To ensure a robust supply of cholesterol for steroidogenesis and to avoid cholesterol toxicity, cortical cells store large amounts of cholesterol as cholesteryl esters in intracellular lipid droplets. Cortical steroidogenesis relies on both mobilization of cholesterol from lipid droplets and constant uptake of circulating cholesterol to replenish lipid droplet stores. This chapter will describe mechanisms involved in cholesterol uptake, cholesteryl ester synthesis, lipid droplet formation, hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters, as well as their impact on steroidogenesis. Additionally, animal models and human diseases characterized by altered cortical cholesteryl ester storage, with or without abnormal steroidogenesis, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Tomas Dalen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian Transgenic Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yuchuan Li
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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Lerario AM, Mohan DR, Hammer GD. Update on Biology and Genomics of Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Rationale for Emerging Therapies. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1051-1073. [PMID: 35551369 PMCID: PMC9695111 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal glands are paired endocrine organs that produce steroid hormones and catecholamines required for life. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and often fatal cancer of the peripheral domain of the gland, the adrenal cortex. Recent research in adrenal development, homeostasis, and disease have refined our understanding of the cellular and molecular programs controlling cortical growth and renewal, uncovering crucial clues into how physiologic programs are hijacked in early and late stages of malignant neoplasia. Alongside these studies, genome-wide approaches to examine adrenocortical tumors have transformed our understanding of ACC biology, and revealed that ACC is composed of distinct molecular subtypes associated with favorable, intermediate, and dismal clinical outcomes. The homogeneous transcriptional and epigenetic programs prevailing in each ACC subtype suggest likely susceptibility to any of a plethora of existing and novel targeted agents, with the caveat that therapeutic response may ultimately be limited by cancer cell plasticity. Despite enormous biomedical research advances in the last decade, the only potentially curative therapy for ACC to date is primary surgical resection, and up to 75% of patients will develop metastatic disease refractory to standard-of-care adjuvant mitotane and cytotoxic chemotherapy. A comprehensive, integrated, and current bench-to-bedside understanding of our field's investigations into adrenocortical physiology and neoplasia is crucial to developing novel clinical tools and approaches to equip the one-in-a-million patient fighting this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
| | - Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Gene-Expression Profiles in the Dorsal Gland of Alligator sinensis at Different Time Points of Embryonic and Neonatal Development. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111787. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the morphological observations of the dorsal gland (DG), an oval organ/tissue which lies on both sides of the dorsal midline of the crocodilian. In the current study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the changing patterns of Alligator sinesis DGs at different timepoints from the 31st embryonic day (E31) to the newly hatched 1st day (NH1). A comprehensive transcriptional changes of differentially expression gene (DEGs) involved in the melanogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and cell apoptosis pathways suggested that the DG might serves as a functional secretory gland in formation, transport and deposition of pigment, and lipids secretion via lysosomal exocytosis. Furthermore, the remarkable immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-positive signals in the basilar cells, in parallel with the immuno-reactive TdT-mediated dUTP nick-End labeling(TUNEL) within suprabasal cells, provided direct molecular evidence supporting for the speculation that DG serves as a holocrine secretion mode. Finally, subsequent phylogenetic and immunohistochemical analysis for the PITX2, the identified DEGs in the RNA-seq, was helpful to further elucidate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of candidate genes. In conclusion, the current results are of considerable importance in enriching our understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the skin derivatives and lifestyles of newborn Alligator sinesis.
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Smith OE, Roussel V, Morin F, Ongaro L, Zhou X, Bertucci MC, Bernard DJ, Murphy BD. Steroidogenic Factor 1 Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis of Adult Female Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6542939. [PMID: 35247045 PMCID: PMC8974829 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1 or NR5A1) is an indispensable regulator of adrenal and gonadal formation, playing roles in sex determination, hypothalamic development, and pituitary function. This study aimed to identify the roles of SF-1 in postnatal female reproductive function. Using a progesterone receptor-driven Cre recombinase, we developed a novel murine model, characterized by conditional depletion of SF-1 [PR-Cre;Nr5a1f/f; conditional knockout (cKO)] in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Mature female cKO were infertile due to the absence of ovulation. Reduced gonadotropin concentrations in the pituitary gland that were nevertheless sufficient to maintain regular estrous cycles were observed in mature cKO females. The cKO ovaries showed abnormal lipid accumulation in the stroma, associated with an irregular expression of cholesterol homeostatic genes such as Star, Scp2, and Acat1. The depletion of SF-1 in granulosa cells prevented appropriate cumulus oöphorus expansion, characterized by reduced expression of Areg, Ereg, and Ptgs2. Exogenous delivery of gonadotropins to cKO females to induce ovulation did not restore fertility and was associated with impaired formation and function of corpora lutea accompanied by reduced expression of the steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1 and Cyp19a1 and attenuated progesterone production. Surgical transplantation of cKO ovaries to ovariectomized control animals (Nr5a1f/f) resulted in 2 separate phenotypes, either sterility or apparently normal fertility. The deletion of SF-1 in the pituitary and in granulosa cells near the moment of ovulation demonstrated that this nuclear receptor functions across the pituitary-gonadal axis and plays essential roles in gonadotropin synthesis, cumulus expansion, and luteinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Smith
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Vickie Roussel
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Fanny Morin
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Luisina Ongaro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Micka C Bertucci
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel J Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité (CRRF), Université de Montréal, Saint Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Correspondence: Bruce D. Murphy, PhD, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada. E-mail:
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Zeve D, Stas E, de Sousa Casal J, Mannam P, Qi W, Yin X, Dubois S, Shah MS, Syverson EP, Hafner S, Karp JM, Carlone DL, Ordovas-Montanes J, Breault DT. Robust differentiation of human enteroendocrine cells from intestinal stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:261. [PMID: 35017529 PMCID: PMC8752608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine (EE) cells are the most abundant hormone-producing cells in humans and are critical regulators of energy homeostasis and gastrointestinal function. Challenges in converting human intestinal stem cells (ISCs) into functional EE cells, ex vivo, have limited progress in elucidating their role in disease pathogenesis and in harnessing their therapeutic potential. To address this, we employed small molecule targeting of the endocannabinoid receptor signaling pathway, JNK, and FOXO1, known to mediate endodermal development and/or hormone production, together with directed differentiation of human ISCs from the duodenum and rectum. We observed marked induction of EE cell differentiation and gut-derived expression and secretion of SST, 5HT, GIP, CCK, GLP-1 and PYY upon treatment with various combinations of three small molecules: rimonabant, SP600125 and AS1842856. Robust differentiation strategies capable of driving human EE cell differentiation is a critical step towards understanding these essential cells and the development of cell-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zeve
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Eric Stas
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Joshua de Sousa Casal
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Prabhath Mannam
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Wanshu Qi
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Xiaolei Yin
- grid.116068.80000 0001 2341 2786David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.24516.340000000123704535Present Address: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sarah Dubois
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.416498.60000 0001 0021 3995School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Manasvi S. Shah
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Erin P. Syverson
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sophie Hafner
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Karp
- grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XCenter for Nanomedicine and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Diana L. Carlone
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XProgram in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.66859.340000 0004 0546 1623Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - David T. Breault
- grid.2515.30000 0004 0378 8438Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA ,grid.511171.2Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Screening and Identification of Differential Ovarian Proteins before and after Induced Ovulation via Seminal Plasma in Bactrian Camels. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123512. [PMID: 34944287 PMCID: PMC8698062 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Camelidae are induced ovulators whose ovulation is tightly regulated by multiple factors. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying follicular development, hormone secretion, and ovulation requires investigating the potential molecular pathways involved in these mechanisms. However, little is known about these molecular pathways in Bactrian camels. To screen and identify candidate biomarkers after seminal plasma (SP)-induced ovulation in the ovaries, we performed comprehensive proteomic and molecular biological analyses of the ovaries from camels that were intramuscularly injected with either seminal plasma or phosphate-buffered saline. Identification of these candidate biomarkers will enable a better understanding of reproduction in Bactrian camels. Our findings suggest candidate proteins for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of induced ovulation. Abstract Camelidae are induced ovulators whose ovulation is tightly regulated by multiple factors. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying follicular development, hormone secretion, and ovulation requires investigating the potential molecular pathways involved. However, little is known about these pathways in Bactrian camels. To screen and identify candidate biomarkers after inducing ovulation, this study performed comprehensive proteomic and molecular biological analyses of the ovaries from two camel groups (n = 6). We identified 5075 expressed ovarian proteins, of which 404 were differentially expressed (264 upregulated, 140 downregulated) (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), in samples from plasma-induced versus control camels. Gene ontology annotation identified the potential functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). These results validated the differential expression for a subset of these proteins using Western blot (p < 0.05) and immunofluorescence staining. Three DEPs (FST, NR5A1, and PRL) were involved in neurochemical signal transduction, as well as endocrine and reproductive hormone regulatory processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the involvement of several pathways, including the calcium, cAMP, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, MAPK, and neuroactive ligand–receptor signaling pathways, suggesting that induced ovulation depends on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Identifying these candidate biomarkers enables a better understanding of Bactrian camel reproduction. Ovarian proteomic profiling and the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods is a promising approach for studying induced-ovulation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Yina Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Q.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Hao S, Qin Y, Wu Y. Knockdown of sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) suppresses SCD1-mediated lipogenesis and cancer procession in prostate cancer. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 153:106537. [PMID: 33454379 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most fatal malignant tumors that occurs in the prostate epithelium, especially in older men, the mortality of which ranks sixth among all cancer-related deaths. It has been urgently needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of PCa and provide promising therapeutic targets for PCa treatment. The Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), cholesterol metabolism enzyme, was widely expressed in various cancer tissues, resulting in cancer progression. SOAT1 has been demonstrated to be highly expressed in prostate cancer tissues, whereas the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Herein, we found the expression of SOAT1 was elevated in human PCa tissues, which demonstrated SOAT1 level was correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.006), clinical stage (p = 0.032), grading (p = 0.036), and Gleason score (p = 0.030) of PCa patients. In addition, we revealed that SOAT1 promoted proliferation and liposynthesis of PCa cells by targeting Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1). Our data further confirmed that SCD1 overexpression reversed the proliferation and liposynthesis defects caused by SOAT1 depletion in PCa cells, however, SOAT1 depletion inhibited tumor growth of PCa cells in mice. We further found SOAT1 contributed to the progression of PCa via SREBF1 pathway. Taken together, our data revealed the mechanism underlying SOAT1 promoting PCa progression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital/Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Yeqiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital/Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Sida Hao
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital/Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Integrated Hospital/Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Yuye Wu
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Traditional Chinese Medical University, No. 282, Wusi Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350003, China.
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Park Y, Lee HS. Cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxin exposure may cause human endocrine disruption: Evidence from OECD in vitro stably transfected transcriptional activation assays. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 100:52-59. [PMID: 33346041 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins in foods and feedstuffs could potentially cause endocrine disrupting effects on humans and wildlife by their inhibition of active steroidogenesis. Therefore, we attempted to assess the human estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) agonistic/antagonistic effects of representative cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins, enniatin A1 (ENN A1), and enniatin B1 (ENN B1), by OECD Performand Based Test Guideline (PBTG) No.455, VM7Luc ER transcriptional activation (TA) assay and OECD TG No. 458, 22Rv1/MMTV_GR-KO AR TA assay. No tested cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins were found to be ER and AR agonists in VM7Luc ER TA and 22Rv1/MMTV_GR-KO AR TA assays. On the other hand, ENN A1, and ENN B1 exhibited the ER and AR antagonistic effects with IC30 and IC50 values in both TA assays. These two cyclic depsipeptide mycotoxins, which were determined as ER and AR antagonists by two in vitro assays, bound to ERα, and AR. Then ENN A1, and ENN B1 inhibited the dimerization of ERα, and AR. These results, for the first time indicated that ENN A1, and ENN B1 could have potential endocrine disrupting effects mediated by interaction of ERα and AR using international standard testing methods to determine the potential endocrine disrupting chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Unwanted Hormonal and Metabolic Effects of Postoperative Adjuvant Mitotane Treatment for Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092615. [PMID: 32937772 PMCID: PMC7565701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitotane is the only drug approved for treatment of adrenocortical cancer. Although mitotane is a derivative of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), limited data are available on its toxicity. Herein, we reported on the type and frequency of mitotane adverse events and on supportive therapies used to deal with toxicity in 74 mitotane-treated patients. Beyond the expected glucocorticoid insufficiency, a significant number of patients had a deficit of mineralocorticoid hormones, hypothyroid state and impaired testicular function, while fertile women frequently developed ovarian cysts during mitotane treatment. Multiple hormone replacement therapies were needed in >30% of patients. Statins were used in 50% of patients for significant hypercholesterolemia. Supportive therapies were able to revert the biochemical alterations, although higher doses were frequently used due to pharmacokinetic interactions with mitotane. Our study underlines the need of a careful and global approach to manage mitotane toxicity, to make adjuvant therapy safer and easier for patients. Abstract Mitotane is widely used for the treatment of adrenocortical cancer (ACC), although the drug-related toxicity complicates its use. The aim of this study is to assess comprehensively the different endocrine and metabolic unwanted effects of the drug, and to provide data on the supportive therapies. We retrospectively analyzed 74 ACC patients adjuvantly treated with mitotane for ≥12 months. During the treatment period (40 months, 12–195), 32.4% of patients needed replacement therapy for mineralocorticoid deficit, 36.2% for hypothyroidism and 34.3% for male hypogonadism. In fertile women, hypogonadism was uncommon, while 65.4% of women developed ovarian cysts. Although no significant change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was observed, statins were started in 50% of patients for a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides. Dyslipidemia occurred early, after a median time of 6 months from mitotane start. Conversely, testosterone replacement was usually started after >2 years. In many cases, ranging from 29.4% to 50% according to the side effect, toxicity occurred well before the achievement of the target mitotane concentrations. Supportive therapies were able to revert the biochemical alterations induced by mitotane, although higher doses were needed for a likely pharmacokinetic interaction of exogenous steroids and statins with mitotane. In conclusion, adjuvant mitotane therapy is associated with a spectrum of unwanted effects encompassing the function of different endocrine glands and requires a careful clinical and biochemical assessment associated with the therapeutic drug monitoring.
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13
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Lacombe AMF, Soares IC, Mariani BMDP, Nishi MY, Bezerra-Neto JE, Charchar HDS, Brondani VB, Tanno F, Srougi V, Chambo JL, Costa de Freitas RM, Mendonca BB, Hoff AO, Almeida MQ, Weigand I, Kroiss M, Zerbini MCN, Fragoso MCBV. Sterol O-Acyl Transferase 1 as a Prognostic Marker of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 31963898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010247.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, no improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic biomarkers is of enormous interest. Sterol-O-acyl transferase 1 (SOAT1) is involved in cholesterol esterification and lipid droplet formation. Recently, it was demonstrated that SOAT1 inhibition leads to impaired steroidogenesis and cell viability in ACC. To date, no studies have addressed the impact of SOAT1 expression on ACC prognosis and clinical outcomes. We evaluated SOAT1 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray of 112 ACCs (Weiss score ≥ 3) from adults treated in a single tertiary center in Brazil. Two independent pathologists evaluated the immunohistochemistry results through a semiquantitative approach (0-4). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between SOAT1 expression and clinical, biochemical and anatomopathological parameters, recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). SOAT1 protein expression was heterogeneous in this cohort, 37.5% of the ACCs demonstrated a strong SOAT1 protein expression (score > 2), while 62.5% demonstrated a weak or absent protein expression (score ≤ 2). Strong SOAT1 protein expression correlated with features of high aggressiveness in ACC, such as excessive tumor cortisol secretion (p = 0.01), an advanced disease stage [European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) staging system 3 and 4 (p = 0.011)] and a high Ki67 index (p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, strong SOAT1 protein expression was an independent predictor of a reduced OS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.15, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.26-3.66; p = 0.005) in all patients (n = 112), and a reduced RFS (HR 2.1, CI 95% 1.09-4.06; p = 0.027) in patients with localized disease at diagnosis (n = 83). Our findings demonstrated that SOAT1 protein expression has prognostic value in ACC and reinforced the importance of investigating SOAT1 as a possible therapeutic target for patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Meneses Ferreira Lacombe
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Iberê Cauduro Soares
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Marinho de Paula Mariani
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Mirian Yumie Nishi
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - João Evangelista Bezerra-Neto
- Serviço de Oncologia Clínica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Helaine da Silva Charchar
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Vania Balderrama Brondani
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Fabio Tanno
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Srougi
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Chambo
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Miguel Costa de Freitas
- Serviço de Radiologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Berenice Bilharinho Mendonca
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Ana O Hoff
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Madson Q Almeida
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel Weigand
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidade de Endocrinologia e Diabetes, Hospital da Universidade de Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidade de Endocrinologia e Diabetes, Hospital da Universidade de Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Claudia Nogueira Zerbini
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
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14
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Lacombe AMF, Soares IC, Mariani BMDP, Nishi MY, Bezerra-Neto JE, Charchar HDS, Brondani VB, Tanno F, Srougi V, Chambo JL, Costa de Freitas RM, Mendonca BB, Hoff AO, Almeida MQ, Weigand I, Kroiss M, Zerbini MCN, Fragoso MCBV. Sterol O-Acyl Transferase 1 as a Prognostic Marker of Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010247. [PMID: 31963898 PMCID: PMC7016635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with an unfavorable prognosis. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, no improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic biomarkers is of enormous interest. Sterol-O-acyl transferase 1 (SOAT1) is involved in cholesterol esterification and lipid droplet formation. Recently, it was demonstrated that SOAT1 inhibition leads to impaired steroidogenesis and cell viability in ACC. To date, no studies have addressed the impact of SOAT1 expression on ACC prognosis and clinical outcomes. We evaluated SOAT1 expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray of 112 ACCs (Weiss score ≥ 3) from adults treated in a single tertiary center in Brazil. Two independent pathologists evaluated the immunohistochemistry results through a semiquantitative approach (0–4). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between SOAT1 expression and clinical, biochemical and anatomopathological parameters, recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). SOAT1 protein expression was heterogeneous in this cohort, 37.5% of the ACCs demonstrated a strong SOAT1 protein expression (score > 2), while 62.5% demonstrated a weak or absent protein expression (score ≤ 2). Strong SOAT1 protein expression correlated with features of high aggressiveness in ACC, such as excessive tumor cortisol secretion (p = 0.01), an advanced disease stage [European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors (ENSAT) staging system 3 and 4 (p = 0.011)] and a high Ki67 index (p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, strong SOAT1 protein expression was an independent predictor of a reduced OS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.15, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.26–3.66; p = 0.005) in all patients (n = 112), and a reduced RFS (HR 2.1, CI 95% 1.09–4.06; p = 0.027) in patients with localized disease at diagnosis (n = 83). Our findings demonstrated that SOAT1 protein expression has prognostic value in ACC and reinforced the importance of investigating SOAT1 as a possible therapeutic target for patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Meneses Ferreira Lacombe
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Iberê Cauduro Soares
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Marinho de Paula Mariani
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Mirian Yumie Nishi
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - João Evangelista Bezerra-Neto
- Serviço de Oncologia Clínica, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Helaine da Silva Charchar
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Vania Balderrama Brondani
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Fabio Tanno
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Srougi
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Chambo
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, São Paulo, SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Miguel Costa de Freitas
- Serviço de Radiologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Berenice Bilharinho Mendonca
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Ana O. Hoff
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Madson Q. Almeida
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel Weigand
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidade de Endocrinologia e Diabetes, Hospital da Universidade de Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidade de Endocrinologia e Diabetes, Hospital da Universidade de Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Claudia Nogueira Zerbini
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155, São Paulo, SP 05403-900, Brazil
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-11-266-133-58
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15
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Do DN, Schenkel F, Miglior F, Zhao X, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Targeted genotyping to identify potential functional variants associated with cholesterol content in bovine milk. Anim Genet 2020; 51:200-209. [PMID: 31913546 DOI: 10.1111/age.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High blood cholesterol concentration, mainly caused by high dietary cholesterol, is a potential risk factor for human health. Dairy products are important sources of human dietary cholesterol intake. Therefore, monitoring bovine milk cholesterol concentration is important for human health benefit. Genetic selection for improvement of cow milk cholesterol content requires understanding of the genetics of milk cholesterol. For this purpose, we performed analyses of additive and dominance effects of 126 potentially functional SNPs within 43 candidate genes with milk cholesterol content [expressed as mg of cholesterol in 100 g of fat (CHL_fat) or in 100 mg of milk (CHL_milk)]. The additive and dominance effects of SNPs rs380643365 in AGPAT1 (P = 0.04) and rs134357240 in SOAT1 (P = 0.035) genes associated significantly with CHL_fat. Moreover, five (rs109326954 and rs523413537 in DGAT1, rs109376747 in LDLR, rs42781651 in FAM198B and rs109967779 in ACAT2) and four (rs137347384 in RBM19, rs109376747 in LDLR, rs42016945 in PPARG and rs110862179 in SCAP) SNPs were significantly associated with CHL_milk (P < 0.05) based on additive and dominance effect analyses respectively. Rs109326954 and rs523413537 in DGAT1 explained a considerable portion of the phenotypic variance of CHL_milk (7.54 and 6.84% respectively), and might be useful in selection programs for reduced milk cholesterol content. Several significantly associated SNPs were in genes (such as ACAT2 and LDLR) involved in cholesterol metabolism in the liver or cholesterol transport, suggesting multiple mechanisms regulating milk cholesterol content. Nine and seven SNPs identified by additive or dominance effect analyses associated significantly with milk yield and fat yield respectively. Further analyses are required to better understand the consequences of these variants and their potential use in genomic selection of the studied traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Do
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC,, J1M 0C8, Canada.,Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, 58 River Road, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - F Schenkel
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - F Miglior
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - E M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC,, J1M 0C8, Canada
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16
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Abuzhalihan J, Wang YT, Ma YT, Fu ZY, Yang YN, Ma X, Li XM, Liu F, Chen BD. SOAT1 methylation is associated with coronary heart disease. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:192. [PMID: 31684966 PMCID: PMC6829990 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to investigate whether differential DNA methylationin of cholesterol absorption candidate genes can function as a biomarker for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods DNA methylation levels of the candidate genes FLOT1, FLOT2 and SOAT1 were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from 99 patients diagnosed with CHD and 89 control subjects without CHD. A total of 110 CPG sites around promoter regions of them were examined. Results Compared with groups without CHD, patients with CHD had lower methylation levels of SOAT1 (P<0.001). When each candidate genes were divided into different target segments, patients with CHD also had lower methylation levels of SOAT1 than patients without (P = 0.005). After adjustment of other confounders, methylation levels of SOAT1 were still associated with CHD (P = 0.001, OR = 0.290, 95% CI: 0.150–0.561). Conclusions SOAT1 methylation may be associated with development of CHD. Patients with lower methylation levels in SOAT1 may have increased risks for CHD. Further studies on the specific mechanisms of this relationship are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Abuzhalihan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Yan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Dang Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
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17
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Meinsohn MC, Smith OE, Bertolin K, Murphy BD. The Orphan Nuclear Receptors Steroidogenic Factor-1 and Liver Receptor Homolog-1: Structure, Regulation, and Essential Roles in Mammalian Reproduction. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1249-1279. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are intracellular proteins that act as transcription factors. Proteins with classic nuclear receptor domain structure lacking identified signaling ligands are designated orphan nuclear receptors. Two of these, steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1, also known as SF-1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2, also known as LRH-1), bind to the same DNA sequences, with different and nonoverlapping effects on targets. Endogenous regulation of both is achieved predominantly by cofactor interactions. SF-1 is expressed primarily in steroidogenic tissues, LRH-1 in tissues of endodermal origin and the gonads. Both receptors modulate cholesterol homeostasis, steroidogenesis, tissue-specific cell proliferation, and stem cell pluripotency. LRH-1 is essential for development beyond gastrulation and SF-1 for genesis of the adrenal, sexual differentiation, and Leydig cell function. Ovary-specific depletion of SF-1 disrupts follicle development, while LRH-1 depletion prevents ovulation, cumulus expansion, and luteinization. Uterine depletion of LRH-1 compromises decidualization and pregnancy. In humans, SF-1 is present in endometriotic tissue, where it regulates estrogen synthesis. SF-1 is underexpressed in ovarian cancer cells and overexpressed in Leydig cell tumors. In breast cancer cells, proliferation, migration and invasion, and chemotherapy resistance are regulated by LRH-1. In conclusion, the NR5A orphan nuclear receptors are nonredundant factors that are crucial regulators of a panoply of biological processes, across multiple reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia E. Smith
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Kalyne Bertolin
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce D. Murphy
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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18
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Aristizabal Prada ET, Castellano I, Sušnik E, Yang Y, Meyer LS, Tetti M, Beuschlein F, Reincke M, Williams TA. Comparative Genomics and Transcriptome Profiling in Primary Aldosteronism. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041124. [PMID: 29642543 PMCID: PMC5979346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of endocrine hypertension with a prevalence of 6% in the general population with hypertension. The genetic basis of the four familial forms of primary aldosteronism (familial hyperaldosteronism FH types I–IV) and the majority of sporadic unilateral aldosterone-producing adenomas has now been resolved. Familial forms of hyperaldosteronism are, however, rare. The sporadic forms of the disease prevail and these are usually caused by either a unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Aldosterone-producing adenomas frequently carry a causative somatic mutation in either of a number of genes with the KCNJ5 gene, encoding an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, a recurrent target harboring mutations at a prevalence of more than 40% worldwide. Other than genetic variations, gene expression profiling of aldosterone-producing adenomas has shed light on the genes and intracellular signalling pathways that may play a role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Tatjana Aristizabal Prada
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Isabella Castellano
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Eva Sušnik
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Lucie S Meyer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Martina Tetti
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Klinische Ernährung, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Reincke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Tracy A Williams
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany.
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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19
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Chortis V, Johal NJ, Bancos I, Evans M, Skordilis K, Guest P, Cullen MH, Porfiri E, Arlt W. Mitotane treatment in patients with metastatic testicular Leydig cell tumor associated with severe androgen excess. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 178:K21-K27. [PMID: 29330226 PMCID: PMC5811932 DOI: 10.1530/eje-17-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitotane (o,p'DDD) is established in the adjuvant and advanced-stage treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma and counteracts both tumor growth and tumor-related steroid production. Both the adrenal glands and the gonads are steroidogenically active organs and share a common embryogenic origin. Here, we describe the effects of mitotane in two patients with metastatic Leydig cell tumor (LCT) of the testes and associated severe androgen excess (serum testosterone 93 and 88 nmol/L, respectively; male reference range 7-27 nmol/L). Both men suffered from severe restlessness, insomnia and irritability, which they described as intolerable and disrupting normal life activities. Urinary steroid profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed excess androgen production and revealed concurrent overproduction of glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid precursors, which under physiological conditions are produced only by the adrenal glands but not by the gonads. In a palliative approach, they were commenced on mitotane, which achieved swift control of the hormone excess and the debilitating clinical symptoms, restoring normal quality of life. GC-MS demonstrated normalization of steroid production and decreased 5α-reductase activity, resulting in decreased androgen activation, and imaging demonstrated disease stabilization for 4-10 months. In conclusion, mitotane can be highly effective in controlling steroid excess in metastatic LCTs, with anti-tumor activity in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Chortis
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas J Johal
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irina Bancos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew Evans
- Departments of PathologyQueen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kassiani Skordilis
- Departments of PathologyQueen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Guest
- Radiology and Cancer CentreQueen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael H Cullen
- Cancer CentreQueen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emilio Porfiri
- Cancer CentreQueen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems ResearchUniversity of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
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20
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Stowasser M, Gordon RD. Primary Aldosteronism: Changing Definitions and New Concepts of Physiology and Pathophysiology Both Inside and Outside the Kidney. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1327-84. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 60 years that have passed since the discovery of the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, much has been learned about its synthesis (both adrenal and extra-adrenal), regulation (by renin-angiotensin II, potassium, adrenocorticotrophin, and other factors), and effects (on both epithelial and nonepithelial tissues). Once thought to be rare, primary aldosteronism (PA, in which aldosterone secretion by the adrenal is excessive and autonomous of its principal regulator, angiotensin II) is now known to be the most common specifically treatable and potentially curable form of hypertension, with most patients lacking the clinical feature of hypokalemia, the presence of which was previously considered to be necessary to warrant further efforts towards confirming a diagnosis of PA. This, and the appreciation that aldosterone excess leads to adverse cardiovascular, renal, central nervous, and psychological effects, that are at least partly independent of its effects on blood pressure, have had a profound influence on raising clinical and research interest in PA. Such research on patients with PA has, in turn, furthered knowledge regarding aldosterone synthesis, regulation, and effects. This review summarizes current progress in our understanding of the physiology of aldosterone, and towards defining the causes (including genetic bases), epidemiology, outcomes, and clinical approaches to diagnostic workup (including screening, diagnostic confirmation, and subtype differentiation) and treatment of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Stowasser
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Greenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard D. Gordon
- Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Greenslopes and Princess Alexandra Hospitals, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Levitsky VG, Oshchepkov DY, Klimova NV, Ignatieva EV, Vasiliev GV, Merkulov VM, Merkulova TI. Hidden heterogeneity of transcription factor binding sites: A case study of SF-1. Comput Biol Chem 2016; 64:19-32. [PMID: 27235721 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) belongs to a small group of the transcription factors that bind DNA only as a monomer. Three different approaches-Sitecon, SiteGA, and oPWM-constructed using the same training sample of experimentally confirmed SF-1 binding sites have been used to recognize these sites. The appropriate prediction thresholds for recognition models have been selected. Namely, the thresholds concordant by false positive or negative rates for various methods were used to optimize the discrimination of steroidogenic gene promoters from the datasets of non-specific promoters. After experimental verification, the models were used to analyze the ChIP-seq data for SF-1. It has been shown that the sets of sites recognized by different models overlap only partially and that an integration of these models allows for identification of SF-1 sites in up to 80% of the ChIP-seq loci. The structures of the sites detected using the three recognition models in the ChIP-seq peaks falling within the [-5000, +5000] region relative to the transcription start sites (TSS) extracted from the FANTOM5 project have been analyzed. The MATLIGN classified the frequency matrices for the sites predicted by oPWM, Sitecon, and SiteGA into two groups. The first group is described by oPWM/Sitecon and the second, by SiteGA. Gene ontology (GO) analysis has been used to clarify the differences between the sets of genes carrying different variants of SF-1 binding sites. Although this analysis in general revealed a considerable overlap in GO terms for the genes carrying the binding sites predicted by oPWM, Sitecon, or SiteGA, only the last method elicited notable trend to terms related to negative regulation and apoptosis. The results suggest that the SF-1 binding sites are different in both their structure and the functional annotation of the set of target genes correspond to the predictions by oPWM+Sitecon and SiteGA. Further application of Homer software for de novo identification of enriched motifs in ChIP-Seq data for SF-1ChIP-seq dataset gave the data similar to oPWM+Sitecon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Levitsky
- Federal State Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - D Yu Oshchepkov
- Federal State Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Klimova
- Federal State Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E V Ignatieva
- Federal State Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G V Vasiliev
- Federal State Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V M Merkulov
- Federal State Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T I Merkulova
- Federal State Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7275, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France; and NEOGENEX Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique International Associated Laboratory, University of Nice, Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
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23
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Sbiera S, Leich E, Liebisch G, Sbiera I, Schirbel A, Wiemer L, Matysik S, Eckhardt C, Gardill F, Gehl A, Kendl S, Weigand I, Bala M, Ronchi CL, Deutschbein T, Schmitz G, Rosenwald A, Allolio B, Fassnacht M, Kroiss M. Mitotane Inhibits Sterol-O-Acyl Transferase 1 Triggering Lipid-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3895-908. [PMID: 26305886 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy that harbors a dismal prognosis in advanced stages. Mitotane is approved as an orphan drug for treatment of ACC and counteracts tumor growth and steroid hormone production. Despite serious adverse effects, mitotane has been clinically used for decades. Elucidation of its unknown molecular mechanism of action seems essential to develop better ACC therapies. Here, we set out to identify the molecular target of mitotane and altered downstream mechanisms by combining expression genomics and mass spectrometry technology in the NCI-H295 ACC model cell line. Pathway analyses of expression genomics data demonstrated activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and profound alteration of lipid-related genes caused by mitotane treatment. ER stress marker CHOP was strongly induced and the two upstream ER stress signalling events XBP1-mRNA splicing and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 A (eIF2α) phosphorylation were activated by mitotane in NCI-H295 cells but to a much lesser extent in four nonsteroidogenic cell lines. Lipid mass spectrometry revealed mitotane-induced increase of free cholesterol, oxysterols, and fatty acids specifically in NCI-H295 cells as cause of ER stress. We demonstrate that mitotane is an inhibitor of sterol-O-acyl-transferase 1 (SOAT1) leading to accumulation of these toxic lipids. In ACC tissue samples we show variable SOAT1 expression correlating with the response to mitotane treatment. In conclusion, mitotane confers adrenal-specific cytotoxicity and down-regulates steroidogenesis by inhibition of SOAT1 leading to lipid-induced ER stress. Targeting of cancer-specific lipid metabolism opens new avenues for treatment of ACC and potentially other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Leich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iuliu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Wiemer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silke Matysik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Eckhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Gardill
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annemarie Gehl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kendl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Margarita Bala
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Deutschbein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Allolio
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit (S.S., I.S., E.C., F.G., A.G., I.W., M.B., C.L.R., T.D., B.A., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (S.S., A.R., M.F., M.K.), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Pathology (E.L., A.R.), University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.M., G.L., G.S.), University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine (A.S.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; and Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (S.K., M.F.), University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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24
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França MM, Abreu NP, Vrechi TAM, Lotfi CF. POD-1/Tcf21 overexpression reduces endogenous SF-1 and StAR expression in rat adrenal cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:1087-94. [PMID: 26421867 PMCID: PMC4661024 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
During gonad and adrenal development, the POD-1/capsulin/TCF21transcription factor negatively regulates SF-1/NR5A1expression, with higher SF-1 levels being associated with increased adrenal cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In adrenocortical tumor cells, POD-1 binds to the SF-1 E-box promoter region, decreasing SF-1 expression. However, the modulation of SF-1 expression by POD-1 has not previously been described in normal adrenal cells. Here, we analyzed the basal expression of Pod-1 and Sf-1 in primary cultures of glomerulosa (G) and fasciculata/reticularis (F/R) cells isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats, and investigated whether POD-1 overexpression modulates the expression of endogenous Sf-1 and its target genes in these cells. POD-1 overexpression, following the transfection of pCMVMycPod-1, significantly decreased the endogenous levels of Sf-1 mRNA and protein in F/R cells, but not in G cells, and also decreased the expression of the SF-1 target StAR in F/R cells. In G cells overexpressing POD-1, no modulation of the expression of SF-1 targets, StAR and CYP11B2, was observed. Our data showing that G and F/R cells respond differently to ectopic POD-1 expression emphasize the functional differences between the outer and inner zones of the adrenal cortex, and support the hypothesis that SF-1 is regulated by POD-1/Tcf21 in normal adrenocortical cells lacking the alterations in cellular physiology found in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M França
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N P Abreu
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T A M Vrechi
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C F Lotfi
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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25
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Suntharalingham JP, Buonocore F, Duncan AJ, Achermann JC. DAX-1 (NR0B1) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1, NR5A1) in human disease. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 29:607-19. [PMID: 26303087 PMCID: PMC5159745 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
DAX-1 (NR0B1) and SF-1 (NR5A1) are two nuclear receptor transcription factors that play a key role in human adrenal and reproductive development. Loss of DAX-1 function is classically associated with X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenita. This condition typically affects boys and presents as primary adrenal insufficiency in early infancy or childhood, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism at puberty and impaired spermatogenesis. Late onset forms of this condition and variant phenotypes are increasingly recognized. In contrast, disruption of SF-1 only rarely causes adrenal insufficiency, usually in combination with testicular dysgenesis. Variants in SF-1/NR5A1 more commonly cause a spectrum of reproductive phenotypes ranging from 46,XY DSD (partial testicular dysgenesis or reduced androgen production) and hypospadias to male factor infertility or primary ovarian insufficiency. Making a specific diagnosis of DAX-1 or SF-1 associated conditions is important for long-term monitoring of endocrine and reproductive function, appropriate genetic counselling for family members, and for providing appropriate informed support for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andrew J Duncan
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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26
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Rogers MA, Liu J, Song BL, Li BL, Chang CCY, Chang TY. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs/SOATs): Enzymes with multiple sterols as substrates and as activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 151:102-7. [PMID: 25218443 PMCID: PMC4851438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is essential to the growth and viability of cells. The metabolites of cholesterol include: steroids, oxysterols, and bile acids, all of which play important physiological functions. Cholesterol and its metabolites have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases, including: atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Thus, understanding how cells maintain the homeostasis of cholesterol and its metabolites is an important area of study. Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACATs, also abbreviated as SOATs) converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters and play key roles in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. ACATs are most unusual enzymes because (i) they metabolize diverse substrates including both sterols and certain steroids; (ii) they contain two different binding sites for steroidal molecules. In mammals, there are two ACAT genes that encode two different enzymes, ACAT1 and ACAT2. Both are allosteric enzymes that can be activated by a variety of sterols. In addition to cholesterol, other sterols that possess the 3-beta OH at C-3, including PREG, oxysterols (such as 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol, etc.), and various plant sterols, could all be ACAT substrates. All sterols that possess the iso-octyl side chain including cholesterol, oxysterols, various plant sterols could all be activators of ACAT. PREG can only be an ACAT substrate because it lacks the iso-octyl side chain required to be an ACAT activator. The unnatural cholesterol analogs epi-cholesterol (with 3-alpha OH in steroid ring B) and ent-cholesterol (the mirror image of cholesterol) contain the iso-octyl side chain but do not have the 3-beta OH at C-3. Thus, they can only serve as activators and cannot serve as substrates. Thus, within the ACAT holoenzyme, there are site(s) that bind sterol as substrate and site(s) that bind sterol as activator; these sites are distinct from each other. These features form the basis to further pursue ACAT structure-function analysis, and can be explored to develop novel allosteric ACAT inhibitors for therapeutic purposes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid/Sterol signaling'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximillian A Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States; Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jay Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth HB7200, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.
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27
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Nickel S, Serwa RA, Kaschani F, Ninck S, Zweerink S, Tate EW, Kaiser M. Chemoproteomic Evaluation of the Polyacetylene Callyspongynic Acid. Chemistry 2015; 21:10721-8. [PMID: 26079733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyacetylenes are a class of alkyne-containing natural products. Although potent bioactivities and thus possible applications as chemical probes have already been reported for some polyacetylenes, insights into the biological activities or molecular mode of action are still rather limited in most cases. To overcome this limitation, we describe the application of the polyacetylene callyspongynic acid in the development of an experimental roadmap for characterizing potential protein targets of alkyne-containing natural products. To this end, we undertook the first chemical synthesis of callyspongynic acid. We then used in situ chemical proteomics methods to demonstrate extensive callyspongynic acid-mediated chemical tagging of endoplasmic reticulum-associated lipid-metabolizing and modifying enzymes. We anticipate that an elucidation of protein targets of natural products may serve as an effective guide to the development of subsequent biological assays that aim to identify chemical phenotypes and bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nickel
- Chemische Biologie, ZMB, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen (Germany)
| | - Remigiusz A Serwa
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- Chemische Biologie, ZMB, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen (Germany)
| | - Sabrina Ninck
- Chemische Biologie, ZMB, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen (Germany)
| | - Susanne Zweerink
- Chemische Biologie, ZMB, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen (Germany)
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ (UK)
| | - Markus Kaiser
- Chemische Biologie, ZMB, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45117 Essen (Germany).
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28
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Ruggiero C, Doghman M, Lalli E. How genomic studies have improved our understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation by NR5A nuclear receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 408:138-44. [PMID: 25449416 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
SF-1 and LRH-1 are transcription factors that belong to the NR5A family of nuclear receptors that both have an essential role during development. Recent studies at the genome-wide scale have enabled the characterization of the cistrome and transcriptome regulated by SF-1 and LRH-1 in different cell lines and tissues. Those studies have allowed us to make a significant leap forward in our understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of NR5A nuclear receptors in stem cells and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ruggiero
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) CNRS NEOGENEX, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France; Université de Nice, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Mabrouka Doghman
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) CNRS NEOGENEX, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France; Université de Nice, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France; Laboratoire International Associé (LIA) CNRS NEOGENEX, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France; Université de Nice, Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France.
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29
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Kalayou S, Ndossi D, Frizzell C, Groseth PK, Connolly L, Sørlie M, Verhaegen S, Ropstad E. An investigation of the endocrine disrupting potential of enniatin B using in vitro bioassays. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Monticone S, Else T, Mulatero P, Williams TA, Rainey WE. Understanding primary aldosteronism: impact of next generation sequencing and expression profiling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:311-20. [PMID: 25240470 PMCID: PMC4285708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism (PA) encompasses a broad, heterogeneous group of disorders including both sporadic and familial forms (familial hyperaldosteronism type I, II and III). PA is the most common form of secondary hypertension and associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular complications, compared with essential hypertension. Despite significant progress in the diagnosis and management of PA, until recently the molecular mechanisms leading to inappropriate aldosterone production were largely unknown. The introduction of next-generation sequencing has had a profound impact on the field of human genetics and has given new insight in the molecular determinants that lead to both sporadic and familial forms of PA. Here we review the recent progress toward understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms leading to autonomous aldosterone production in PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Monticone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Tobias Else
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Tracy A Williams
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - William E Rainey
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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31
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Trejter M, Hochol A, Tyczewska M, Ziolkowska A, Jopek K, Szyszka M, Malendowicz LK, Rucinski M. Visinin-like peptide 1 in adrenal gland of the rat. Gene expression and its hormonal control. Peptides 2015; 63:22-9. [PMID: 25451331 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
VSNL1 encodes the calcium-sensor protein visinin-like 1 and was identified previously as an upregulated gene in a sample set of aldosterone-producing adenomas. Recently, by means of microarray studies we demonstrated high expression of Vsnl1 gene in rat adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG). Only scanty data are available on the role of this gene in adrenal function as well as on regulation of its expression by factors affecting adrenal cortex structure and function. Therefore we performed relevant studies aimed at clarifying some of the above issues. By Affymetrix(®) Rat Gene 1.1 ST Array Strip, QPCR and immunohistochemistry we demonstrated that expression levels of Vsnl1 in the rat adrenal ZG are notably higher than in the fasciculata/reticularis zone. In QPCR assay this difference was approximately 10 times higher. Expression of this gene in the rat adrenal gland or adrenocortical cells was acutely down regulated by ACTH, while chronic administration of corticotrophin or dexamethasone did not change Vsnl1 mRNA levels. In enucleation-induced adrenocortical regeneration expression levels of both Vsnl1 and Cyp11b2 were notably lowered and positively correlated. Despite these findings, the physiological significance of adrenal Vsnl1 remains unclear, and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Trejter
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Hochol
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ludwik K Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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32
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Bergeron F, Nadeau G, Viger RS. GATA4 knockdown in MA-10 Leydig cells identifies multiple target genes in the steroidogenic pathway. Reproduction 2014; 149:245-57. [PMID: 25504870 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
GATA4 is an essential transcription factor required for the initiation of genital ridge formation, for normal testicular and ovarian differentiation at the time of sex determination, and for male and female fertility in adulthood. In spite of its crucial roles, the genes and/or gene networks that are ultimately regulated by GATA4 in gonadal tissues remain to be fully understood. This is particularly true for the steroidogenic lineages such as Leydig cells of the testis where many in vitro (promoter) studies have provided good circumstantial evidence that GATA4 is a key regulator of Leydig cell gene expression and steroidogenesis, but formal proof is still lacking. We therefore performed a microarray screening analysis of MA-10 Leydig cells in which Gata4 expression was knocked down using an siRNA strategy. Analysis identified several GATA4-regulated pathways including cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol transport, and especially steroidogenesis. A decrease in GATA4 protein was associated with decreased expression of steroidogenic genes previously suspected to be GATA4 targets such as Cyp11a1 and Star. Gata4 knockdown also led to an important decrease in other novel steroidogenic targets including Srd5a1, Gsta3, Hsd3b1, and Hsd3b6, as well as genes known to participate in cholesterol metabolism such as Scarb1, Ldlr, Soat1, Scap, and Cyp51. Consistent with the decreased expression of these genes, a reduction in GATA4 protein compromised the ability of MA-10 cells to produce steroids both basally and under hormone stimulation. These data therefore provide strong evidence that GATA4 is an essential transcription factor that sits atop of the Leydig cell steroidogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Bergeron
- ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Gabriel Nadeau
- ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Robert S Viger
- ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 ReproductionMother and Child Health, Room T3-67, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
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33
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Kalayou S, Hamre AG, Ndossi D, Connolly L, Sørlie M, Ropstad E, Verhaegen S. Using SILAC proteomics to investigate the effect of the mycotoxin, alternariol, in the human H295R steroidogenesis model. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:361-76. [PMID: 25416481 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin alternariol (AOH) is an important contaminant of fruits and cereal products. The current study sought to address the effect of a non-toxic AOH concentration on the proteome of the steroidogenic H295R cell model. Quantitative proteomics based on stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) coupled to 1D-SDS-PAGE-LC-MS/MS was applied to subcellular-enriched protein samples. Gene ontology (GO) and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) were further carried out for functional annotation and identification of protein interaction networks. Furthermore, the effect of AOH on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution was also determined by the use of flow cytometry analysis. This work identified 22 proteins that were regulated significantly. The regulated proteins are those involved in early stages of steroid biosynthesis (SOAT1, NPC1, and ACBD5) and C21-steroid hormone metabolism (CYP21A2 and HSD3B1). In addition, several proteins known to play a role in cellular assembly, organization, protein synthesis, and cell cycle were regulated. These findings provide a new framework for studying the mechanisms by which AOH modulates steroidogenesis in H295R cell model.
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34
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C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β) mediates progesterone production through transcriptional regulation in co-operation with SF-1 (steroidogenic factor-1). Biochem J 2014; 460:459-71. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20131522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) was identified as a component of the SF-1 nuclear complex. C/EBPβ regulates expression of progesterone production-related genes (STAR, CYP11A1 and HSD3B2) by co-operation with SF-1. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism of progesterone production.
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35
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Doghman M, Figueiredo BC, Volante M, Papotti M, Lalli E. Integrative analysis of SF-1 transcription factor dosage impact on genome-wide binding and gene expression regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:8896-907. [PMID: 23907384 PMCID: PMC3799431 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) is a nuclear receptor that has a pivotal role in the development of adrenal glands and gonads and in the control of steroid hormone production, being also implicated in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical tumors. We have analyzed the mechanisms how SF-1 controls gene expression in adrenocortical cells and showed that it regulates different categories of genes according to its dosage. Significant correlations exist between the localization of SF-1-binding sites in chromatin under different dosage conditions and dosage-dependent regulation of gene expression. Our study revealed unexpected functional interactions between SF-1 and Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor/RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor (NRSF/REST), which was first characterized as a repressor of neuronal gene expression in non-neuronal tissues, in the regulation of gene expression in steroidogenic cells. When overexpressed, SF-1 reshapes the repertoire of NRSF/REST—regulated genes, relieving repression of key steroidogenic genes. These data show that NRSF/REST has a novel function in regulating gene expression in steroidogenic cells and suggest that it may have a broad role in regulating tissue-specific gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouka Doghman
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, Valbonne 06560, France, Associated International Laboratory (LIA) NEOGENEX CNRS, Valbonne 06560, France, University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Valbonne 06560, France, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-000, Brazil, Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, Paraná 80250-060, Brazil and Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano 10043, Italy
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36
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Lalli E, Doghman M, Latre de Late P, El Wakil A, Mus-Veteau I. Beyond steroidogenesis: novel target genes for SF-1 discovered by genomics. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 371:154-9. [PMID: 23168267 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that has an essential role in the development of adrenal glands and gonads and in the regulation of steroidogenic gene expression. Recent studies using genomic approaches have revealed that SF-1 also has an important role in regulating proliferation of adrenocortical cells and have revealed its role in the control of a variety of biological processes as diverse as angiogenesis, adhesion to the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton dynamics, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and apoptosis in the adrenal cortex. The identification of the complete set of SF-1 target genes will be of great importance to open new avenues for therapeutic intervention in adrenal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, UMR 7275, Valbonne, France.
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37
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Akri KE, Mouhibi R, Zahouily M, Hanafi N, Bahlaoui MA. Physicochemical 2D-Qsar and 3D Molecular Docking Studies on N-Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate Analogs as Sterol O-Acyl-Transferase-1 “Soat-1” Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojmc.2013.34013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Ju Y, Mizutani T, Imamichi Y, Yazawa T, Matsumura T, Kawabe S, Kanno M, Umezawa A, Kangawa K, Miyamoto K. Nuclear receptor 5A (NR5A) family regulates 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1) gene expression in steroidogenic cells. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5522-34. [PMID: 23024262 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1) is a rate-limiting enzyme for heme biosynthesis in mammals. Heme is essential for the catalytic activities of P450 enzymes including steroid metabolic enzymes. Nuclear receptor 5A (NR5A) family proteins, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) play pivotal roles in regulation of steroidogenic enzymes. Recently, we showed that expression of SF-1/LRH-1 induces differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into steroidogenic cells. In this study, genome-wide analysis revealed that ALAS1 was a novel SF-1-target gene in differentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays revealed that SF-1/LRH-1 up-regulated ALAS1 gene transcription in steroidogenic cells via binding to a 3.5-kb upstream region of ALAS1. The ALAS1 gene was up-regulated by overexpression of SF-1/LRH-1 in steroidogenic cells and down-regulated by knockdown of SF-1 in these cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, a coactivator of nuclear receptors, also strongly coactivated expression of NR5A-target genes. Reporter analysis revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α strongly augmented ALAS1 gene transcription caused by SF-1 binding to the 3.5-kb upstream region. Finally knockdown of ALAS1 resulted in reduced progesterone production by steroidogenic cells. These results indicate that ALAS1 is a novel NR5A-target gene and participates in steroid hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Ju
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan
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39
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McDowell EN, Kisielewski AE, Pike JW, Franco HL, Yao HHC, Johnson KJ. A transcriptome-wide screen for mRNAs enriched in fetal Leydig cells: CRHR1 agonism stimulates rat and mouse fetal testis steroidogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47359. [PMID: 23133512 PMCID: PMC3484991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal testis steroidogenesis plays an important role in the reproductive development of the male fetus. While regulators of certain aspects of steroidogenesis are known, the initial driver of steroidogenesis in the human and rodent fetal testis is unclear. Through comparative analysis of rodent fetal testis microarray datasets, 54 candidate fetal Leydig cell-specific genes were identified. Fetal mouse testis interstitial expression of a subset of these genes with unknown expression (Crhr1, Gramd1b, Itih5, Vgll3, and Vsnl1) was verified by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Among the candidate fetal Leydig cell-specific factors, three receptors (CRHR1, PRLR, and PROKR2) were tested for a steroidogenic function using ex vivo fetal testes treated with receptor agonists (CRH, PRL, and PROK2). While PRL and PROK2 had no effect, CRH, at low (approximately 1 to 10) nM concentration, increased expression of the steroidogenic genes Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Scarb1, and Star in GD15 mouse and GD17 rat testes, and in conjunction, testosterone production was increased. Exposure of GD15 fetal mouse testis to a specific CRHR1 antagonist blunted the CRH-induced steroidogenic gene expression and testosterone responses. Similar to ex vivo rodent fetal testes, ≥10 nM CRH exposure of MA-10 Leydig cells increased steroidogenic pathway mRNA and progesterone levels, showing CRH can enhance steroidogenesis by directly targeting Leydig cells. Crh mRNA expression was observed in rodent fetal hypothalamus, and CRH peptide was detected in rodent amniotic fluid. Together, these data provide a resource for discovering factors controlling fetal Leydig cell biology and suggest that CRHR1 activation by CRH stimulates rat and mouse fetal Leydig cell steroidogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N. McDowell
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Anne E. Kisielewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Jack W. Pike
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Franco
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS/NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Humphrey H-C. Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS/NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kamin J. Johnson
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Abstract
Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) (Ad4BP, NR5A1) is a nuclear receptor that plays a key role in adrenal and reproductive development and function. Deletion of the gene encoding Sf-1 (Nr5a1) in mice results in severe developmental defects of the adrenal gland and gonad. Consequently, initial work on the potential effects of SF-1 disruption in humans focused on individuals with primary adrenal failure, a 46,XY karyotype, complete gonadal dysgenesis, and Müllerian structures. This is a rare phenotype, but has been reported on two occasions, because of alterations that affect key DNA-binding domains of SF-1. Attention then turned to a potential wider role of SF-1 in human adrenal and reproductive disorders. Although changes in SF-1 only very rarely cause isolated adrenal failure, it is emerging that variations in SF-1 are a surprisingly frequent cause of reproductive dysfunction in humans. In 46,XY disorders of sex development, a spectrum of phenotypes has been reported including severe and partial forms of gonadal (testicular) dysgenesis, hypospadias, anorchia with microphallus, and even male factor infertility. In 46,XX females, alterations in SF-1 are associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. Thus, SF-1 seems be a more significant factor in human reproductive health than was first envisioned, with implications for adults as well as children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranna El-Khairi
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Achermann
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zennaro MC, Jeunemaitre X, Boulkroun S. Integrating genetics and genomics in primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 2012; 60:580-8. [PMID: 22802222 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.188250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Christina Zennaro
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center-PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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42
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19:233-47. [PMID: 22531108 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283542fb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Williams TA, Monticone S, Crudo V, Warth R, Veglio F, Mulatero P. Visinin-Like 1 Is Upregulated in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas With
KCNJ5
Mutations and Protects From Calcium-Induced Apoptosis. Hypertension 2012; 59:833-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.188532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Visinin-like 1 (
VSNL1
) is upregulated in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) compared with normal adrenals. We demonstrate that
VSNL1
overexpression in adrenocortical carcinoma cells (NCI H295R) upregulates basal and angiotensin II–stimulated
CYP11B2
gene expression 3.2- and 1.5-fold, respectively. Conversely, silencing
VSNL1
by RNA interference decreases angiotensin II–stimulated
CYP11B2
expression and aldosterone secretion by 41.0% and 34.5%, respectively. Mutations in the potassium channel
KCNJ5
have been identified in APAs that result in sodium influx and membrane depolarization and are postulated to result in calcium influx in adrenal glomerulosa cells.
VSNL1
and
CYP11B2
are 8.1- and 6.0-fold more highly expressed, respectively, in APAs harboring
KCNJ5
mutations compared with those without, and the upregulation of
VSNL1
in these APAs accounts for the overexpression of
VSNL1
in the total APA sample set compared with normal adrenals. Silencing
VSNL1
in H295R cells renders them sensitive to ionomycin-induced apoptosis, indicating that
VSNL1
protects these cells against calcium-induced cell death. Concomitant expression of mutated KCNJ5 (G151R) and silencing
VSNL1
results in apoptosis of H295R cells, an effect that is blocked by nifedipine and is absent using a control small-interfering RNA or when wild-type KCNJ5 is expressed and
VSNL1
is silenced. These data demonstrate that
VSNL1
plays a dual function in vitro in the regulation of
CYP11B2
gene expression and in the inhibition of calcium-induced apoptosis. In addition,
VSNL1
may play a role in the pathophysiology of APAs harboring mutations in the potassium channel
KCNJ5
via its antiapoptotic function in response to calcium cytotoxicity and its effect on aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Ann Williams
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., V.C., F.V., P.M.), Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Cell Biology (R.W.), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Monticone
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., V.C., F.V., P.M.), Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Cell Biology (R.W.), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Crudo
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., V.C., F.V., P.M.), Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Cell Biology (R.W.), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Warth
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., V.C., F.V., P.M.), Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Cell Biology (R.W.), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franco Veglio
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., V.C., F.V., P.M.), Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Cell Biology (R.W.), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Mulatero
- From the Division of Internal Medicine and Hypertension (T.A.W., S.M., V.C., F.V., P.M.), Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Medical Cell Biology (R.W.), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Bauersachs S, Ulbrich SE, Reichenbach HD, Reichenbach M, Büttner M, Meyer HH, Spencer TE, Minten M, Sax G, Winter G, Wolf E. Comparison of the Effects of Early Pregnancy with Human Interferon, Alpha 2 (IFNA2), on Gene Expression in Bovine Endometrium1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:46. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.094771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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