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Matsukawa A, Yanagisawa T, Bekku K, Parizi MK, Laukhtina E, Klemm J, Chiujdea S, Mori K, Kimura S, Miki J, Pradere B, Rivas JG, Gandaglia G, Kimura T, Kasivisvanathan V, Ploussard G, Cornford P, Shariat SF, Rajwa P. Nonsurgical Interventions to Prevent Disease Progression in Prostate Cancer Patients on Active Surveillance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:376-400. [PMID: 38277189 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Active surveillance (AS) is a standard of care for patients with low-risk and selected intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa). Nevertheless, there is a lack of summary evidence on how to impact disease trajectory during AS. OBJECTIVE To assess which interventions prevent PCa progression effectively during AS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We queried PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify studies examining the impact of interventions aimed at slowing disease progression during AS. The primary endpoint was PCa progression, the definition of which must have included pathological upgrading. The secondary endpoint included treatment toxicities. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We identified 22 studies, six randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies, which analyzed the association between different interventions and PCa progression during AS. The interventions considered in the studies included 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), statins, diet, exercise, chlormadinone, fexapotide triflutate (FT), enzalutamide, coffee, vitamin D3, and PROSTVAC. We found that administration of 5-ARIs was associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio: 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.48-0.72), with no increased toxicity signals. Therapies such as vitamin D3, chlormadinone, FT, and enzalutamide have shown some efficacy. However, these anticancer drugs have been associated with treatment-related adverse events in up to 88% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of 5-ARIs in PCa patients on AS is associated with longer PFS. However, for the other interventions, it is difficult to draw clear conclusions based on the weak available evidence. PATIENT SUMMARY Patients with prostate cancer managed with active surveillance (AS) who are treated with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors have a lower risk of disease progression, with minimal adverse events. Other interventions require more studies to determine their efficacy and safety profile in men on AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Bekku
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mehdi Kardoust Parizi
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jakob Klemm
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sever Chiujdea
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Spitalul Clinic Judetean Murures, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Mures, Romania
| | - Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Kimura
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miki
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin Pradere
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, La Croix Du Sud Hospital, Quint Fonsegrives, France
| | - Juan Gomez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Clinico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Takahiro Kimura
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Veeru Kasivisvanathan
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Philip Cornford
- Department of Urology, Liverpool University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pawel Rajwa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
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Cassell A, Konneh S. Unlocking the potential-vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:169-174. [PMID: 38455136 PMCID: PMC10915943 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer poses a significant health challenge globally, demanding proactive prevention strategies. This editorial explores the emerging role of vitamin D in prostate cancer prevention. While traditionally associated with bone health, vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its broader impact on immune function, cellular signaling, and cancer prevention. Epidemiological studies suggest an intriguing link between vitamin D deficiency and elevated prostate cancer risk, particularly in regions with limited sunlight exposure. Mechanistically, vitamin D regulates cellular processes, inhibiting unchecked cancer cell growth and bolstering immune surveillance. Personalized prevention strategies, considering individual factors, are deemed essential for harnessing the full potential of vitamin D. To unlock this potential, the future calls for robust research, public awareness campaigns, dietary improvements, and vigilant medical guidance. Collaborative efforts are poised to pave the way toward a future where vitamin D stands as a sentinel in prostate cancer prevention, ushering in hope and improved health for men worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayun Cassell
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, John F Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia 100010, Liberia
| | - Solomane Konneh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, John F Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia 100010, Liberia
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Halma MTJ, Tuszynski JA, Marik PE. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4245. [PMID: 37836529 PMCID: PMC10574675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is amenable to low-cost treatments, given that it has a significant metabolic component, which can be affected through diet and lifestyle change at minimal cost. The Warburg hypothesis states that cancer cells have an altered cell metabolism towards anaerobic glycolysis. Given this metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, it is possible to target cancers metabolically by depriving them of glucose. In addition to dietary and lifestyle modifications which work on tumors metabolically, there are a panoply of nutritional supplements and repurposed drugs associated with cancer prevention and better treatment outcomes. These interventions and their evidentiary basis are covered in the latter half of this review to guide future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. J. Halma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EbMC Squared CIC, Bath BA2 4BL, UK
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-1029 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul E. Marik
- Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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Zhang X, Guo Q, Sun S, Tang X, Shen W, Liang J, Yao G, Geng L, Ding S, Chen H, Wang H, Hua B, Wang D, Zhang H, Feng X, Sun L, Jin Z. Factors associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in Chinese hospitalized patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int 2023:10.1007/s00296-023-05465-5. [PMID: 37750894 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and changes in 25 (OH)D levels, as well as the impact of those changes on disease activity and renal function among SLE patients. This retrospective cohort study was based on the medical records of SLE patients hospitalized between 2010 and 2021. We collected relevant information from this patient population. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and increased 25 (OH)D levels, and we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) accordingly. At baseline, among the 1257 SLE patients, the median and interquartile range of 25 (OH)D levels were 14 (9, 20) ng/ml, with 953 (75.8%) patients exhibiting 25 (OH)D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). The presence of 25 (OH)D deficiency was found to be associated with renal involvement and a high glucocorticoid (GC) maintenance dose. Among the 383 patients who were followed up for an average of 18 months, an increase of at least 100% in 25 (OH)D levels was positively associated with a decreased GC maintenance dose and vitamin D3 supplementation, with adjusted odds ratios(OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 2.16 (1.02, 4.59) and 1300 (70, 22300), respectively. Furthermore, an increased level of 25 (OH)D was significantly associated with a decrease in the Disease Activity Index 2000 score and the urinary protein/creatinine ratio. Patients with SLE have low vitamin D levels, especially those with impaired kidney function. Increased 25 (OH)D levels can be achieved through supplementation with high doses of vitamin D3 and are associated with improvements in disease activity and the urinary protein/creatinine ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Genhong Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Linyu Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shuai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bingzhu Hua
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Rheumatology Medical Center and Stem Cell Intervention Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Rheumatology Medical Center and Stem Cell Intervention Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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Wimalawansa SJ. Controlling Chronic Diseases and Acute Infections with Vitamin D Sufficiency. Nutrients 2023; 15:3623. [PMID: 37630813 PMCID: PMC10459179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from developmental disabilities, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age especially in those with co-morbidities: vitamin D deficiency plays a major role in it. Whether vitamin D deficiency initiates and/or aggravates chronic diseases or vice versa is unclear. It adversely affects all body systems but can be eliminated using proper doses of vitamin D supplementation and/or safe daily sun exposure. Maintaining the population serum 25(OH)D concentration above 40 ng/mL (i.e., sufficiency) ensures a sound immune system, minimizing symptomatic diseases and reducing infections and the prevalence of chronic diseases. This is the most cost-effective way to keep a population healthy and reduce healthcare costs. Vitamin D facilitates physiological functions, overcoming pathologies such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and maintaining broader immune functions. These are vital to overcoming chronic diseases and infections. Therefore, in addition to following essential public health and nutritional guidance, maintaining vitamin D sufficiency should be an integral part of better health, preventing acute and chronic diseases and minimize their complications. Those with severe vitamin D deficiency have the highest burdens of co-morbidities and are more vulnerable to developing complications and untimely deaths. Vitamin D adequacy improves innate and adaptive immune systems. It controls excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, generates antimicrobial peptides, and neutralizes antibodies via immune cells. Consequently, vitamin D sufficiency reduces infections and associated complications and deaths. Maintaining vitamin D sufficiency reduces chronic disease burden, illnesses, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality. Vulnerable communities, such as ethnic minorities living in temperate countries, older people, those with co-morbidities, routine night workers, and institutionalized persons, have the highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency-they would significantly benefit from vitamin D and targeted micronutrient supplementation. At least now, health departments, authorities, and health insurance companies should start assessing, prioritizing, and encouraging this economical, non-prescription, safe micronutrient to prevent and treat acute and chronic diseases. This approach will significantly reduce morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs and ensure healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil J Wimalawansa
- Department of Medicine, CardioMetabolic & Endocrine Institute, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, USA
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Siddappa M, Hussain S, Wani SA, White J, Tang H, Gray JS, Jafari H, Wu HC, Long MD, Elhussin I, Karanam B, Wang H, Morgan R, Hardiman G, Adelani IB, Rotimi SO, Murphy AR, Nonn L, Davis MB, Kittles RA, Hughes Halbert C, Sucheston-Campbell LE, Yates C, Campbell MJ. African American Prostate Cancer Displays Quantitatively Distinct Vitamin D Receptor Cistrome-transcriptome Relationships Regulated by BAZ1A. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:621-639. [PMID: 37082578 PMCID: PMC10112383 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
African American (AA) prostate cancer associates with vitamin D3 deficiency, but vitamin D receptor (VDR) genomic actions have not been investigated in this context. We undertook VDR proteogenomic analyses in European American (EA) and AA prostate cell lines and four clinical cohorts. Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous protein (RIME) analyses revealed that nonmalignant AA RC43N prostate cells displayed the greatest dynamic protein content in the VDR complex. Likewise, in AA cells, Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing established greater 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated chromatin accessibility, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed significant enhancer-enriched VDR cistrome, and RNA sequencing identified the largest 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent transcriptome. These VDR functions were significantly corrupted in the isogenic AA RC43T prostate cancer cells, and significantly distinct from EA cell models. We identified reduced expression of the chromatin remodeler, BAZ1A, in three AA prostate cancer cohorts as well as RC43T compared with RC43N. Restored BAZ1A expression significantly increased 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated VDR-dependent gene expression in RC43T, but not HPr1AR or LNCaP cells. The clinical impact of VDR cistrome-transcriptome relationships were tested in three different clinical prostate cancer cohorts. Strikingly, only in AA patients with prostate cancer, the genes bound by VDR and/or associated with 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent open chromatin (i) predicted progression from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to prostate cancer; (ii) responded to vitamin D3 supplementation in prostate cancer tumors; (iii) differentially responded to 25(OH)D3 serum levels. Finally, partial correlation analyses established that BAZ1A and components of the VDR complex identified by RIME significantly strengthened the correlation between VDR and target genes in AA prostate cancer only. Therefore, VDR transcriptional control is most potent in AA prostate cells and distorted through a BAZ1A-dependent control of VDR function. Significance Our study identified that genomic ancestry drives the VDR complex composition, genomic distribution, and transcriptional function, and is disrupted by BAZ1A and illustrates a novel driver for AA prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath Siddappa
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sajad A. Wani
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jason White
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Hancong Tang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jaimie S. Gray
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hedieh Jafari
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Hsu-Chang Wu
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark D. Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Isra Elhussin
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Honghe Wang
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
| | - Rebecca Morgan
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Solomon O. Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adam R. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lara E. Sucheston-Campbell
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Potential Role of Natural Antioxidant Products in Oncological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030704. [PMID: 36978952 PMCID: PMC10045077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has a significant effect and a crucial role in disease prevention. Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and a sedentary lifestyle are closely related with the onset and development of many types of cancer. Recently, nutraceuticals have gained much attention in cancer research due to their pleiotropic effects and relatively non-toxic behavior. In fact, although in the past there have been conflicting results on the role of some antioxidant compounds as allies against cancer, numerous recent clinical studies highlight the efficacy of dietary phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, further investigation is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the potential anticancer capacities of dietary phytochemicals as well as the mechanisms of their action. Therefore, this review examined the current literature on the key properties of the bioactive components present in the diet, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and antioxidant compounds, as well as their use in cancer therapy. The review focused on potential chemopreventive properties, evaluating their synergistic effects with anticancer drugs and, consequently, the side effects associated with current cancer treatments.
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Obesity and main urologic cancers: Current systematic evidence, novel biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 91:70-98. [PMID: 36893965 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers (UC) account for 13.1% of all new cancer cases and 7.9% of all cancer-related deaths. A growing body of evidence has indicated a potential causal link between obesity and UC. The aim of the present review is to appraise in a critical and integrative manner evidence from meta-analyses and mechanistic studies on the role of obesity in four prevalent UC (kidney-KC, prostate-PC, urinary bladder-UBC, and testicular cancer-TC). Special emphasis is given on Mendelian Randomization Studies (MRS) corroborating a genetic causal association between obesity and UC, as well as on the role of classical and novel adipocytokines. Furthermore, the molecular pathways that link obesity to the development and progression of these cancers are reviewed. Available evidence indicates that obesity confers increased risk for KC, UBC, and advanced PC (20-82%, 10-19%, and 6-14%, respectively), whereas for TC adult height (5-cm increase) may increase the risk by 13%. Obese females tend to be more susceptible to UBC and KC than obese males. MRS have shown that a higher genetic-predicted BMI may be causally linked to KC and UBC but not PC and TC. Biological mechanisms that are involved in the association between excess body weight and UC include the Insulin-like Growth Factor axis, altered availability of sex hormones, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, abnormal secretion of adipocytokines, ectopic fat deposition, dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal and urinary tract microbiomes and circadian rhythm dysregulation. Anti-hyperglycemic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and adipokine receptor agonists/antagonists show potential as adjuvant cancer therapies. Identifying obesity as a modifiable risk factor for UC may have significant public health implications, allowing clinicians to tailor individualized prevention strategies for patients with excess body weight.
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Stinson J, McCall C, Dobbs RW, Mistry N, Rosenberg A, Nettey OS, Sharma P, Dixon M, Sweis J, Macias V, Sharifi R, Kittles RA, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Murphy AB. Vitamin D and genetic ancestry are associated with apoptosis rates in benign and malignant prostatic epithelium. Prostate 2023; 83:352-363. [PMID: 36479698 PMCID: PMC9870946 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D metabolites may be protective against prostate cancer (PCa). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate associations between in vivo vitamin D status, genetic ancestry, and degree of apoptosis using prostatic epithelial terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Benign and tumor epithelial punch biopsies of participants with clinically localized PCa underwent indirect TUNEL staining. Serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D were assessed immediately before radical prostatectomy; levels of prostatic 25(OH)D were obtained from the specimen once the prostate was extracted. Ancestry informative markers were used to estimate the percentage of genetic West African, Native American, and European ancestry. RESULTS One hundred twenty-one newly diagnosed men, age 40-79, were enrolled between 2013 and 2018. Serum 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.17, p = 0.03), and benign (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.04) prostatic epithelial TUNEL staining. Similarly, prostatic 25(OH)D correlated positively with both tumor (ρ = 0.31, p < 0.001) and benign (ρ = 0.20, p = 0.03) epithelial TUNEL staining. Only Native American ancestry was positively correlated with tumor (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.05) and benign (ρ = 0.27, p = 0.02) TUNEL staining. In multivariate regression models, increasing quartiles of prostatic 25(OH)D (β = 0.25, p = 0.04) and Native American ancestry (β = 0.327, p = 0.004) were independently associated with tumor TUNEL staining. CONCLUSIONS Physiologic serum and prostatic 25(OH)D levels and Native American ancestry are positively associated with the degree of apoptosis in tumor and benign prostatic epithelium in clinically localized PCa. Vitamin D may have secondary chemoprevention benefits in preventing PCa progression in localized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Stinson
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Cordero McCall
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Ryan W. Dobbs
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
| | - Neil Mistry
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adrian Rosenberg
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Oluwarotimi S. Nettey
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Michael Dixon
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Jamila Sweis
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | | | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte CA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago IL
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, Chicago IL
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL
- Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago IL
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10
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Vitamin D, a Regulator of Androgen Levels, Is Not Correlated to PSA Serum Levels in a Cohort of the Middle Italy Region Participating to a Prostate Cancer Screening Campaign. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051831. [PMID: 36902619 PMCID: PMC10003229 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in men worldwide, and it represents the fifth leading cause of death. It has long been recognized that dietary habits can impact prostate health and improve the benefits of traditional medical care. The activity of novel agents on prostate health is routinely assessed by measuring changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Recent studies hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation reduces circulating androgen levels and PSA secretion, inhibits cell growth of the hormone-sensitive PCa cell lines, counteracts neoangiogenesis and improves apoptosis. However, the results are conflicting and inconsistent. Furthermore, the use of vitamin D in PCa treatments has not achieved consistently positive results to date. In order to assess the existence of a correlation between the PSA and 25(OH)vitamin D levels as widely hypothesized in the literature, we analyzed the serum PSA and 25(OH)vitamin D concentration on a cohort of one hundred patients joining a PCa screening campaign. Additionally, we performed medical and pharmacological anamnesis and analyzed lifestyle, as sport practice and eating habits, by administering a questionnaire on family history. Although several studies suggested a protective role of vitamin D in PCa onset prevention and progression, our preliminary results revealed a clear absence of correlation between the serum vitamin D and PSA concentration levels, suggesting that vitamin D has no impact on PCa risk. Further investigations enrolling a huge number of patients are needed with particular attention to vitamin D supplementation, calcium intake, solar radiation that influences vitamin D metabolism and other potential indicators of health to confirm the absence of correlation observed in our study.
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11
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Ghazavi H, Hashemi SM, Jafari S. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on the Relapsing Incidence of Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis after Fuctional Endoscpoic Sinus Surgery. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:29. [PMID: 37057244 PMCID: PMC10086644 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_237_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nasal polyp (NP) is the most common benign tumor that can cause nasal obstruction and more annoying problems in patients. Recently, investigators have been focusing on complementary therapies alone or in conjunction with endoscopic nasal and sinus surgery. However, given the association of Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) in previous studies, it may be possible to prevent the recurrence of NP and the development of rhinosinusitis by controlling serum levels of VD and maintaining it at a normal level. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of VD supplementation in preventing CRSwNP recurrence after endoscopic surgery. Materials and Methods This clinical trial composed of vitamin D deficient patients with CRSwNP who were candidates for endoscopic sinus surgery in two groups of cases and controls. After endoscopic sinus surgery for all patients, we administered VD supplementation (50,000 IU) once a week for 8 weeks for cases and no further intervention for controls. The severity of symptoms was assessed using Sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and NP recurrence and recorded pre- and postintervention. Results The findings indicated a higher mean change of SNOT-22 in the case group compared to that of the control group (36.03 ± 10.71 vs. 29.90 ± 11.99; P = 0.041). Moreover, the percentage of NP recurrence in cases was lower than controls; so that receiving VD supplementation has significantly reduced the chance of NP recurrence (odd ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.298 [0.099-0.900]; P = 0.032). Conclusion According to the result of the study, the administration of VD supplementation after endoscopic sinus surgery can reduce the severity of CRSwNP symptoms and NP recurrence significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghazavi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mostafa Hashemi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samaneh Jafari
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kashani Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Samaneh Jafari, Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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12
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Hussain S, Yates C, Campbell MJ. Vitamin D and Systems Biology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245197. [PMID: 36558356 PMCID: PMC9782494 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological actions of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been investigated intensively for over 100 years and has led to the identification of significant insights into the repertoire of its biological actions. These were initially established to be centered on the regulation of calcium transport in the colon and deposition in bone. Beyond these well-known calcemic roles, other roles have emerged in the regulation of cell differentiation processes and have an impact on metabolism. The purpose of the current review is to consider where applying systems biology (SB) approaches may begin to generate a more precise understanding of where the VDR is, and is not, biologically impactful. Two SB approaches have been developed and begun to reveal insight into VDR biological functions. In a top-down SB approach genome-wide scale data are statistically analyzed, and from which a role for the VDR emerges in terms of being a hub in a biological network. Such approaches have confirmed significant roles, for example, in myeloid differentiation and the control of inflammation and innate immunity. In a bottom-up SB approach, current biological understanding is built into a kinetic model which is then applied to existing biological data to explain the function and identify unknown behavior. To date, this has not been applied to the VDR, but has to the related ERα and identified previously unknown mechanisms of control. One arena where applying top-down and bottom-up SB approaches may be informative is in the setting of prostate cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Dinneen E, Shaw GL, Kealy R, Alexandris P, Finnegan K, Chu K, Haidar N, Santos‐Vidal S, Kudahetti S, Moore CM, Grey ADR, Berney DM, Sahdev A, Cathcart PJ, Oliver RTD, Rajan P, Cuzick J. Feasibility of aspirin and/or vitamin D3 for men with prostate cancer on active surveillance with Prolaris® testing. BJUI COMPASS 2022; 3:458-465. [PMID: 36267207 PMCID: PMC9579886 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of aspirin and/or vitamin D3 in active surveillance (AS) low/favourable intermediate risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients with Prolaris® testing. Patients and Methods Newly-diagnosed low/favourable intermediate risk PCa patients (PSA ≤ 15 ng/ml, International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group ≤2, maximum biopsy core length <10 mm, clinical stage ≤cT2c) were recruited into a multi-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ISRCTN91422391, NCT03103152). Participants were randomised to oral low dose (100 mg), standard dose (300 mg) aspirin or placebo and/or vitamin D3 (4000 IU) versus placebo in a 3 × 2 factorial RCT design with biopsy tissue Prolaris® testing. The primary endpoint was trial acceptance/entry rates. Secondary endpoints included feasibility of Prolaris® testing, 12-month disease re-assessment (imaging/biochemical/histological), and 12-month treatment adherence/safety. Disease progression was defined as any of the following (i) 50% increase in baseline PSA, (ii) new Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 4/5 lesion(s) on multi-parametric MRI where no previous lesion, (iii) 33% volume increase in lesion size, or radiological upstaging to ≥T3, (iv) ISUP Grade Group upgrade or (v) 50% increase in maximum cancer core length. Results Of 130 eligible patients, 104 (80%) accepted recruitment from seven sites over 12 months, of which 94 patients represented the per protocol population receiving treatment. Prolaris® testing was performed on 76/94 (81%) diagnostic biopsies. Twelve-month disease progression rate was 43.3%. Assessable 12-month treatment adherence in non-progressing patients to aspirin and vitamin D across all treatment arms was 91%. Two drug-attributable serious adverse events in 1 patient allocated to aspirin were identified. The study was not designed to determine differences between treatment arms. Conclusion Recruitment of AS PCa patients into a multi-centre multi-arm placebo-controlled RCT of minimally-toxic adjunctive oral drug treatments with molecular biomarker profiling is acceptable and safe. A larger phase III study is needed to determine optimal agents, intervention efficacy, and outcome-associated biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Dinneen
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Urology, University College Hospital at Westmoreland StreetUniversity College Hospital London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Gregory L. Shaw
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Urology, University College Hospital at Westmoreland StreetUniversity College Hospital London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Urology, The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Roseann Kealy
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Present address:
Cancer Prevention Trial Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK.
| | - Panos Alexandris
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Kier Finnegan
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Kimberley Chu
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Nadia Haidar
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sara Santos‐Vidal
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Sakunthala Kudahetti
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Caroline M. Moore
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Urology, University College Hospital at Westmoreland StreetUniversity College Hospital London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Alistair D. R. Grey
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Urology, University College Hospital at Westmoreland StreetUniversity College Hospital London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Urology, The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Anju Sahdev
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Paul J. Cathcart
- Department of Urology, Guy's HospitalGuy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - R. Timothy D. Oliver
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Urology, University College Hospital at Westmoreland StreetUniversity College Hospital London NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Urology, The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Cancer Research UK Barts CentreQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
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14
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Robles LA, Harrison S, Tan VY, Beynon R, McAleenan A, Higgins JP, Martin RM, Lewis SJ. Does testosterone mediate the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer progression? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:1025-1038. [PMID: 35752985 PMCID: PMC9270305 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown an association between vitamin D levels and prostate cancer progression. However, evidence of direct causality is sparse and studies have not examined biological mechanisms, which can provide information on plausibility and strengthen the evidence for causality. METHODS We used the World Cancer Research Fund International/University of Bristol two-stage framework for mechanistic systematic reviews. In stage one, both text mining of published literature and expert opinion identified testosterone as a plausible biological mechanism. In stage two, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the evidence from both human and animal studies examining the effect of vitamin D on testosterone, and testosterone on advanced prostate cancer (diagnostic Gleason score of ≥ 8, development of metastasis) or prostate cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS A meta-analysis of ten human RCTs showed evidence of an effect of vitamin D on total testosterone (standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.133, 95% CI = - 0.003-0.269, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.056). Five human RCTs showed evidence of an effect of vitamin D on free testosterone (SMD = 0.173, 95% CI = - 0.104-0.450, I2 = 52.4%, p = 0.220). Three human cohort studies of testosterone on advanced prostate cancer or prostate cancer-specific mortality provided inconsistent results. In one study, higher levels of calculated free testosterone were positively associated with advanced prostate cancer or prostate cancer-specific mortality. In contrast, higher levels of dihydrotestosterone were associated with lowering prostate cancer-specific mortality in another study. No animal studies met the study eligibility criteria. CONCLUSION There is some evidence that vitamin D increases levels of total and free testosterone, although the effect of testosterone levels within the normal range on prostate cancer progression is unclear. The role of testosterone as a mechanism between vitamin D and prostate cancer progression remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Robles
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, England.
| | - Sean Harrison
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Vanessa Y Tan
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Rhona Beynon
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Alexandra McAleenan
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Julian Pt Higgins
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Richard M Martin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, England
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15
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Hutchinson PE, Pringle JH. Consideration of possible effects of vitamin D on established cancer, with reference to malignant melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:408-424. [PMID: 35445563 PMCID: PMC9322395 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that Vitamin D has a beneficial, inhibitory effect on cancer development and subsequent progression, including melanoma (MM), and favourable MM outcome has been reported as directly related to vitamin D3 status, assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3 ) levels taken at diagnosis. It has been recommended that MM patients with deficient levels of 25(OH)D3 be given vitamin D3 . We examine possible beneficial or detrimental effects of treating established cancer with vitamin D3 . We consider the likely biological determinants of cancer outcome, the reported effects of vitamin D3 on these in both cancerous and non-cancerous settings, and how the effect of vitamin D3 might change depending on the integrity of tumour vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling. We would argue that the effect of defective tumour VDR signalling could result in loss of suppression of growth, reduction of anti-tumour immunity, with potential antagonism of the elimination phase and enhancement of the escape phase of tumour immunoediting, possibly increased angiogenesis but continued suppression of inflammation. In animal models, having defective VDR signalling, vitamin D3 administration decreased survival and increased metastases. Comparable studies in man are lacking but in advanced disease, a likely marker of defective VDR signalling, studies have shown modest or no improvement in outcome with some evidence of worsening. Work is needed in assessing the integrity of tumour VDR signalling and the safety of vitamin D3 supplementation when defective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James H. Pringle
- Leicester Cancer Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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16
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Peritoneal Restoration by Repurposing Vitamin D Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Dissemination via Blockade of the TGF-β1/Thrombospondin-1 Axis. Matrix Biol 2022; 109:70-90. [PMID: 35339636 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ovarian cancer (OvCa), a lethal gynecological malignancy, disseminates to the peritoneum. Mesothelial cells (MCs) act as barriers in the abdominal cavity, preventing the adhesion of cancer cells. However, in patients with OvCa, they are transformed into cancer-associated mesothelial cells (CAMs) via mesenchymal transition and form a favorable microenvironment for tumors to promote metastasis. However, attempts for restoring CAMs to their original state have been limited. Here, we investigated whether inhibition of mesenchymal transition and restoration of MCs by vitamin D suppressed the OvCa dissemination in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The effect of vitamin D on the mutual association of MCs and OvCa cells was evaluated using in vitro coculture models and in vivo using a xenograft model. RESULTS Vitamin D restored the CAMs, and thrombospondin-1 (component of the extracellular matrix that is clinically associated with poor prognosis and is highly expressed in peritoneally metastasized OvCa) was found to promote OvCa cell adhesion and proliferation. Mechanistically, TGF-β1 secreted from OvCa cells enhanced thrombospondin-1 expression in CAMs via Smad-dependent TGF-β signaling. Vitamin D inhibited mesenchymal transition in MCs and suppressed thrombospondin-1 expression via vitamin D receptor/Smad3 competition, contributing to the marked reduction in peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Importantly, vitamin D restored CAMs from a stabilized mesenchymal state to the epithelial state and normalized thrombospondin-1 expression in preclinical models that mimic cancerous peritonitis in vivo. CONCLUSIONS MCs are key players in OvCa dissemination and peritoneal restoration and normalization of thrombospondin-1 expression by vitamin D may be a novel strategy for preventing OvCa dissemination.
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17
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A Systems Approach to Interrogate Gene Expression Patterns in African American Men Presenting with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205143. [PMID: 34680291 PMCID: PMC8533960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Men of African origin have a 2–3 times greater chance of developing prostate cancer than those of European origin, and of patients that are diagnosed with the disease, men of African descent are 2 times more likely to die compared to white men. Men of African origin are still greatly underrepresented in genetic studies and clinical trials. This, unfortunately, means that new discoveries in cancer treatment are missing key information on the group with a greater chance of mortality. The objective of this study was to increase our knowledge of prostate cancer in men undergoing a prostate biopsy. We carried out RNA sequencing of biopsy specimens and examined racial differences in prostate gene expression. A gene expression signature was uncovered which separated the men based on their race. Furthermore, within men of African descent this signature separated men with the most severe clinical characteristics. Abstract An emerging theory about racial differences in cancer risk and outcomes is that psychological and social stressors influence cellular stress responses; however, limited empirical data are available on racial differences in cellular stress responses among men who are at risk for adverse prostate cancer outcomes. In this study, we undertook a systems approach to examine molecular profiles and cellular stress responses in an important segment of African American (AA) and European American (EA) men: men undergoing prostate biopsy. We assessed the prostate transcriptome with a single biopsy core via high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Transcriptomic analyses uncovered impacted biological pathways including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Additionally, 187 genes mapping to the Gene Ontology (GO) terms RNA binding, structural constituent of ribosome, SRP-dependent co-translational protein targeting to membrane and the biological pathways, translation, L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression were differentially expressed (DE) between EA and AA. This signature allowed separation of AA and EA patients, and AA patients with the most severe clinical characteristics. AA patients with elevated expression levels of this genomic signature presented with higher Gleason scores, a greater number of positive core biopsies, elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and serum vitamin D deficiency. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed a high degree of connectivity between these 187 proteins.
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18
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Yang YS, Yang S, Li D, Li W. Vitamin D affects the Warburg effect and stemness maintenance of non-small-cell lung cancer cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 22:86-95. [PMID: 34325639 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210729100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin-D3 (vitamin D) exhibited anti-cancer activity against breast and prostate cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of vitamin D on NSCLC and its underlying mechanism. METHODS The effects of vitamin D on stemness maintenance and the Warburg effect in NSCLC cells were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS & DISCUSSION In vitro experiments revealed that vitamin D inhibited glycolysis and stemness maintenance in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that vitamin D attenuated the expression of metabolism-related enzymes associated with the Warburg effect (GLUT1, LDHA, HK2, and PKM2). In addition, vitamin D down-regulated the expression of stemness-related genes (Oct-4, SOX-2, and Nanog) and the expression of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that vitamin D suppresses the Warburg effect and stemness maintenance in NSCLC cells via the inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby inhibiting the progression of NSCLC. The current study indicates that vitamin D is a potential candidate in therapeutic strategies against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Song Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Songyisha Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Campolina-Silva GH, Barata MC, Werneck-Gomes H, Maria BT, Mahecha GAB, Belleannée C, Oliveira CA. Altered expression of the vitamin D metabolizing enzymes CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 under the context of prostate aging and pathologies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105832. [PMID: 33596463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating levels of vitamin D are common at older ages and have been linked to an increased risk of prostate disease, including cancer. However, it has not yet been determined whether aging affects the ability of prostate cells to locally metabolize vitamin D into its active metabolite calcitriol and thus mediate the vitamin D signaling in autocrine and paracrine ways. By using a suitable rat model to interrogate spontaneous prostatic modifications over the course of aging, here we showed that both CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 enzymes, which are key players respectively involved with calcitriol synthesis and deactivation, were highly expressed in the prostate epithelium. Furthermore, as the animals aged, a drastic reduction of CYP27B1 levels was detected in total protein extracts and especially in epithelial areas of lesions, including tumors. On the other hand, CYP24A1 expression significantly increased with aging and remained elevated even in altered epithelia. Such intricate unbalance in regard to vitamin D metabolizing enzymes was strongly associated with reduced bioavailability of calcitriol in the senile prostate, which in addition to decreased expression of the vitamin D receptor, further limits the protective actions mediated by vitamin D signaling. This evidence was corroborated by the increased proliferative activity exactly at sites of lesions where the factors implicated with calcitriol synthesis and responsiveness had its expression inhibited. Taken together, our results emphasize a set of modifications over the course of aging with a high potential to hamper vitamin D signaling on the prostate. These findings highlight a crosstalk between vitamin D, aging, and prostate carcinogenesis, offering new potential targets in the prevention of malignancies and other aging-related disorders arising in the gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Clara Barata
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hipácia Werneck-Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Toledo Maria
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Clémence Belleannée
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Université Laval, CHU De Québec Research Center (CHUL), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Cleida Aparecida Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Cx. Postal 486, CEP 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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20
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McCullough PJ, McCullough WP, Lehrer D, Travers JB, Repas SJ. Oral and Topical Vitamin D, Sunshine, and UVB Phototherapy Safely Control Psoriasis in Patients with Normal Pretreatment Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations: A Literature Review and Discussion of Health Implications. Nutrients 2021; 13:1511. [PMID: 33947070 PMCID: PMC8146035 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, sunshine and UVB phototherapy were first reported in the early 1900s to control psoriasis, cure rickets and cure tuberculosis (TB). Vitamin D also controlled asthma and rheumatoid arthritis with intakes ranging from 60,000 to 600,000 International Units (IU)/day. In the 1980s, interest in treating psoriasis with vitamin D rekindled. Since 1985 four different oral forms of vitamin D (D2, D3, 1-hydroxyvitaminD3 (1(OH)D3) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 (calcitriol)) and several topical formulations have been reported safe and effective treatments for psoriasis-as has UVB phototherapy and sunshine. In this review we show that many pre-treatment serum 25(OH)D concentrations fall within the current range of normal, while many post-treatment concentrations fall outside the upper limit of this normal (100 ng/mL). Yet, psoriasis patients showed significant clinical improvement without complications using these treatments. Current estimates of vitamin D sufficiency appear to underestimate serum 25(OH)D concentrations required for optimal health in psoriasis patients, while concentrations associated with adverse events appear to be much higher than current estimates of safe serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Based on these observations, the therapeutic index for vitamin D needs to be reexamined in the treatment of psoriasis and other diseases strongly linked to vitamin D deficiency, including COVID-19 infections, which may also improve safely with sufficient vitamin D intake or UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. McCullough
- Medical Services Department, Summit Behavioral Healthcare, Ohio Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, 1101 Summit Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | | | - Douglas Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
| | - Steven J. Repas
- Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
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21
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Nair-Shalliker V, Smith DP, Gebski V, Patel MI, Frydenberg M, Yaxley JW, Gardiner R, Espinoza D, Kimlin MG, Fenech M, Gillatt D, Woo H, Armstrong BK, Rasiah K, Awad N, Symons J, Gurney H. High-dose vitamin D supplementation to prevent prostate cancer progression in localised cases with low-to-intermediate risk of progression on active surveillance (ProsD): protocol of a phase II randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044055. [PMID: 33653757 PMCID: PMC7929872 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Active surveillance (AS) for patients with prostate cancer (PC) with low risk of PC death is an alternative to radical treatment. A major drawback of AS is the uncertainty whether a patient truly has low risk PC based on biopsy alone. Multiparametric MRI scan together with biopsy, appears useful in separating patients who need curative therapy from those for whom AS may be safe. Two small clinical trials have shown short-term high-dose vitamin D supplementation may prevent PC progression. There is no substantial evidence for its long-term safety and efficacy, hence its use in the care of men with PC on AS needs assessment. This protocol describes the ProsD clinical trial which aims to determine if oral high-dose vitamin D supplementation taken monthly for 2 years can prevent PC progression in cases with low-to-intermediate risk of progression. METHOD AND ANALYSIS This is an Australian national multicentre, 2:1 double-blinded placebo-controlled phase II randomised controlled trial of monthly oral high-dose vitamin D supplementation (50 000 IU cholecalciferol), in men diagnosed with localised PC who have low-to-intermediate risk of disease progression and are being managed by AS. This trial will assess the feasibility, efficacy and safety of supplementing men with an initial oral loading dose of 500 000 IU cholecalciferol, followed by a monthly oral dose of 50 000 IU during the 24 months of AS. The primary trial outcome is the commencement of active therapy for clinical or non-clinical reason, within 2 years of AS. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial is approved by Bellberry Ethics Committee (2016-06-459). All results will be reported in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616001707459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visalini Nair-Shalliker
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Woolloomooloo, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- Clinical Trials Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Manish I Patel
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - John W Yaxley
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Wesley Urology Clinic, Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Gardiner
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Espinoza
- Clinical Trials Center, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Gillatt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry Woo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce K Armstrong
- School of Public Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Krishan Rasiah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Urology, North Shore Private Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nader Awad
- Urology Centre, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
- Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Symons
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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McCray T, Pacheco JV, Loitz CC, Garcia J, Baumann B, Schlicht MJ, Valyi-Nagy K, Abern MR, Nonn L. Vitamin D sufficiency enhances differentiation of patient-derived prostate epithelial organoids. iScience 2021; 24:101974. [PMID: 33458620 PMCID: PMC7797919 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential steroid hormone that regulates systemic calcium homeostasis and cell fate decisions. The prostate gland is hormonally regulated, requiring steroids for proliferation and differentiation of secretory luminal cells. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of lethal prostate cancer, which exhibits a dedifferentiated pathology, linking vitamin D sufficiency to epithelial differentiation. To determine vitamin D regulation of prostatic epithelial differentiation, patient-derived benign prostate epithelial organoids were grown in vitamin D-deficient or -sufficient conditions. Organoids were assessed by phenotype and single-cell RNA sequencing. Mechanistic validation demonstrated that vitamin D sufficiency promoted organoid growth and accelerated differentiation by inhibiting canonical Wnt activity and suppressing Wnt family member DKK3. Wnt and DKK3 were also reduced by vitamin D in prostate tissue explants by spatial transcriptomics. Wnt dysregulation is a known contributor to aggressive prostate cancer, thus findings further link vitamin D deficiency to lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara McCray
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Julian V. Pacheco
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Candice C. Loitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jason Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bethany Baumann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael J. Schlicht
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Klara Valyi-Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Michael R. Abern
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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23
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Role of vitamin D 3 in selected malignant neoplasms. Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110964. [PMID: 32877827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble essential nutrient that affects multiple biologic functions in the organism through calcitriol and the vitamin D3 receptor. This review article focuses on the results of studies on the relationship between the level of vitamin D3 and cancer incidence or mortality, but also on the anticancer properties of vitamin D3 that support its significant role in the prevention, clinical course, and overall survival rates of selected cancers (colorectal, prostate, breast, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, and malignant melanoma). The mechanisms of vitamin D3 action involve, among others, polymorphism of vitamin D3 receptor, cell cycle, caspases, and cancer stem cells. The level of vitamin D3 has been also demonstrated to serve as a biomarker in some cancers, and high levels of vitamin D3 can be conducive to successful cancer therapy.
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24
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Kim TJ, Koo KC. Pathophysiology of Bone Loss in Patients with Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications for the Management of Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061529. [PMID: 32532121 PMCID: PMC7352908 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is a systemic therapy administered for the management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Although ADT may improve survival, long-term use reduces bone mass density (BMD), posing an increased risk of fracture. Considering the long natural history of PCa, it is essential to preserve bone health and quality-of-life in patients on long-term ADT. As an alternative to pharmacological interventions targeted at preserving BMD, current evidence recommends lifestyle modifications, including individualized exercise and nutritional interventions. Exercise interventions include resistance training, aerobic exercise, and weight-bearing impact exercise, and have shown efficacy in preserving BMD. At the same time, it is important to take into account that PCa is a progressive and debilitating disease in which a substantial proportion of patients on long-term ADT are older individuals who harbor axial bone metastases. Smoking cessation and limited alcohol consumption are commonly recommended lifestyle measures in patients receiving ADT. Contemporary guidelines regarding lifestyle modifications vary by country, organization, and expert opinion. This comprehensive review will provide an evidence-based, updated summary of lifestyle interventions that could be implemented to preserve bone health and maintain quality-of-life throughout the disease course of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Kyo Chul Koo
- Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea
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25
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Post-treatment levels of plasma 25- and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and mortality in men with aggressive prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7736. [PMID: 32385370 PMCID: PMC7210996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D may reduce mortality from prostate cancer (PC). We examined the associations of post-treatment plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations with PC mortality. Participants were PC cases from the New South Wales Prostate Cancer Care. All contactable and consenting participants, at 4.9 to 8.6 years after diagnosis, were interviewed and had plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) measured in blood specimens. Cox regression allowing for left-truncation was used to calculate adjusted mortality hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for all-cause and PC-specific mortality in relation to vitamin D levels and other potentially-predictive variables. Of the participants (n = 111; 75·9% response rate), there were 198 deaths from any cause and 41 from PC in the study period. Plasma 25(OH)D was not associated with all-cause or PC-specific mortality (p-values > 0·10). Plasma 1,25(OH)2D was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR for highest relative to lowest quartile = 0·45; 95% CI: 0·29-0·69), and PC-specific mortality (HR = 0·40; 95% CI: 0·14-1·19). These associations were apparent only in men with aggressive PC: all-cause mortality HR = 0·28 (95% CI·0·15-0·52; p-interaction = 0·07) and PC-specific mortality HR = 0·26 (95% CI: 0·07-1.00). Time spent outdoors was also associated with lower all-cause (HR for 4th relative to 1st exposure quartile = 0·42; 95% CI: 0·24-0·75) and PC-specific (HR = 0·48; 95% CI: 0·14-1·64) mortality, although the 95% CI for the latter was wide. The inverse association between post-treatment plasma 1,25(OH)2D levels and all-cause and PC-specific mortality in men with aggressive PC, suggest a possible beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in these men.
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26
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Wang P, Tan ZX, Fu L, Fan YJ, Luo B, Zhang ZH, Xu S, Chen YH, Zhao H, Xu DX. Gestational vitamin D deficiency impairs fetal lung development through suppressing type II pneumocyte differentiation. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:40-47. [PMID: 32330513 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gestational vitamin D deficiency is associated with pulmonary diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gestational vitamin D deficiency on fetal lung development in mice. Absolute and relative weights of fetal lungs were reduced in vitamin D deficient (VDD) group. Incrassate mesenchyme, measured by septal wall thickness, accompanied by lessened saccular space, was shown in VDD group. Numerous immature type II pneumocytes, as determined by PAS staining, were observed in VDD group. Moreover, increased Ki67-positive cells, a marker of cell proliferation, was detected in VDD group. The additional experiments showed that Sftpa, Sftpb, Sftpc and Sftpd, four surfactant genes, were downregulated and pro-surfactant protein B was reduced in VDD group. FoxA1, FoxA2 and TTF-1, three transcription factors that regulate surfactant genes, and VEGF, a key regulator for pulmonary maturation, were downregulated in VDD group. These results suggest that gestational vitamin D deficiency impairs fetal lung development partially through suppressing type II pneumocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhu-Xia Tan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shen Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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27
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Zhang L, Zou H, Zhao Y, Hu C, Atanda A, Qin X, Jia P, Jiang Y, Qi Z. Association between blood circulating vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk in Asian countries: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030513. [PMID: 31874870 PMCID: PMC7008426 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between blood circulating vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population. DESIGN This is a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies that investigated the relationship between blood circulating vitamin D levels and colorectal cancer risk in the Asian population. DATA SOURCES Relevant studies were identified through a literature search in Medline, Embase and Web of Science from 1st January 1980 to 31st January 2019. Eligibility criteria: original studies published in peer-reviewed journals investigating the association between blood circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of colorectal cancer and/or adenoma in Asian countries. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two authors independently extracted data and assessed the quality of included studies. Study-specific ORs were pooled using a random-effects model. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed with generalised least squares regression. We applied the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. RESULTS The eight included studies encompassed a total of 2916 cases and 6678 controls. The pooled ORs of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest categories of blood circulating vitamin D levels was 0.75 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.97) up to 36.5 ng/mL in the Asian population. There was heterogeneity among the studies (I2=53.9%, Pheterogeneity=0.034). The dose-response meta-analysis indicated a significant linear relationship (Pnon-linearity=0.11). An increment of 16 ng/mL in blood circulating vitamin D level corresponded to an OR of 0.79 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.97). CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis indicate that blood circulating vitamin D level is associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer in Asian countries. The dose-response meta-analysis shows that the strength of this association among the Asian population is similar to that among the Western population. Our study suggests that the Asian population should improve nutritional status and maintain a higher level of blood circulating vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health(Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention & Control of NCDs, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chunlei Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Adejare Atanda
- School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuzhen Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
- International Initiative on Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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28
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Blajszczak CC, Nonn L. Vitamin D regulates prostate cell metabolism via genomic and non-genomic mitochondrial redox-dependent mechanisms. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105484. [PMID: 31574299 PMCID: PMC7040883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk for aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Prostate epithelium has a unique metabolism compared to other tissues. Normal prostate exhibits low levels of mitochondrial respiration and there is a metabolic switch to increased oxidative phosphorylation in PCa. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the major circulating form of vitamin D and is used clinically to determine vitamin D status. Activation of 25(OH)D to the transcriptionally active form, 1,25(OH)2D occurs via a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction within the mitochondria that is catalyzed by the P450 enzyme, CYP27B1. We sought to determine if hydroxylation of 25(OH)D by CYP27B1 contributes to non-genomic activity of vitamin D by altering the redox-dependent state of the mitochondria in benign prostate epithelial cells. Exposure to 25(OH)D produced a transient pro-oxidant effect and change in mitochondrial membrane potential that was dependent on CYP27B1. Extended exposure ultimately suppressed mitochondrial respiration, consistent with a protective effect of 25(OH)D in supporting benign prostate metabolism. To model physiologically relevant changes in vitamin D, cells were cultured in constant 25(OH)D then changed to high or deficient concentrations. This model also incurred a biphasic effect with a pro-oxidant shift after short exposure followed by decreased respiration after 16 h. Several genes involved in redox cycling and Mitochondrial Health were regulated by 25(OH)D in these cells. These results indicate a secondary non-genomic mechanism for vitamin D to contribute to prostate cell health by supporting normal mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuck C Blajszczak
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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29
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Griffin N, Dowling M. Vitamin D supplementation and clinical outcomes in cancer survivorship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:1121-1128. [PMID: 30346823 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2018.27.19.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to the role of vitamin D supplementation in cancer management. A comprehensive search of online databases was undertaken for all research studies relating to vitamin D supplementation in cancer survivorship published up to November 2017. Eighteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for this review, the majority of which involved supplementation in breast cancer. This review concludes that vitamin D supplementation plays an important role in disease-free survival in a number of cancers, particularly breast. In other cancers, the role of supplementation is less clear, and more research is required. More research is also required to investigate the most effective dose and duration of vitamin D supplementation to benefit cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Griffin
- Graduate nurse, at time of writing this article final-year undergraduate student, School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maura Dowling
- Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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30
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Capiod T, Barry Delongchamps N, Pigat N, Souberbielle JC, Goffin V. Do dietary calcium and vitamin D matter in men with prostate cancer? Nat Rev Urol 2019; 15:453-461. [PMID: 29765146 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Active surveillance (AS) is an attractive alternative to immediate treatment for men with low-risk prostate cancer. Thus, the identification of environmental factors that promote the progression of indolent disease towards aggressive stages is critical to optimize clinical management. Epidemiological studies suggest that calcium-rich diets contribute to an increased risk of developing prostate cancer and that vitamin D reduces this risk. However, the potential effect of these nutrients on the progression of early-stage prostate tumours is uncertain, as studies in this setting are scarce and have not provided unambiguous conclusions. By contrast, the results of a preclinical study from our own group demonstrate that a diet high in calcium dose-dependently accelerated the progression of early-stage prostate tumours and that dietary vitamin D prevented this effect. The extent to which the conclusions of preclinical and epidemiological studies support a role for calcium and vitamin D and the relevance of monitoring and adjustment of calcium and/or vitamin D intake in patients on AS require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Capiod
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Souberbielle
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Physiology Department, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Inserm Unit 1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Toprak B, Colak A, Yalcin H, Yildirim M. No association of serum PSA with vitamin D or total oxidant-antioxidant capacity in healthy men. Aging Male 2019; 22:214-217. [PMID: 30084276 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1491026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Vitamin D deficiency and oxidative stress were suggested to be related to prostate cancer risk. We aimed to investigate the association of serum PSA concentration with vitamin D and total oxidant/antioxidant levels. Materials and methods: A total of 95 healthy men were enrolled for the cross sectional study. Serum PSA, 25(OH)D, serum total oxidant status, and total antioxidant status were measured. Results: Serum PSA was significantly negatively correlated with serum total oxidant status (r= -0.309, p = .003) but there was no significant correlation between PSA and 25(OH)D (p = .383) or total antioxidant levels (p = .233). After adjustment for age BMI and smoking status with multiple regression analysis, there was no significant association between serum PSA and total oxidant status. Conclusion: We find no evidence for an association between PSA and vitamin D levels or serum total oxidant/antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Toprak
- a Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Sivas State hospital , Sivas , Turkey
| | - Ayfer Colak
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Hulya Yalcin
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yildirim
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital , Izmir , Turkey
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Ramakrishnan S, Steck SE, Arab L, Zhang H, Bensen JT, Fontham ETH, Johnson CS, Mohler JL, Smith GJ, Su LJ, Woloszynska A. Association among plasma 1,25(OH) 2 D, ratio of 1,25(OH) 2 D to 25(OH)D, and prostate cancer aggressiveness. Prostate 2019; 79:1117-1124. [PMID: 31077420 PMCID: PMC6593756 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African-American (AA) men tend to present with more aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score >7) than European-American (EA) men. Vitamin D and its metabolites are implicated in prostate cancer biology with vitamin D deficiency, indicated by its metabolite levels in serum or plasma, usually observed in AA men. OBJECTIVE To determine if 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D] plasma levels in AA and EA prostate cancer patients alter the risk of having aggressive prostate cancer. DESIGN Research subjects from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (AA n = 435 and EA n = 532) were included. Plasma metabolites 1,25(OH)2 D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D] were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrophotometry. Research subjects were classified into low (Gleason sum < 7, stage T1-T2, and Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) < 9 ng/mL) or high (Gleason sum > 8 or Gleason sum = 7 with 4 + 3, or PSA > 20 ng/mL, or Gleason sum = 7 and stage T3-T4) aggressive disease. RESULTS Research subjects in the second and third tertiles of plasma levels of 1, 25(OH)2 D had lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer (AA [ORT2vsT1 : 0.66, 95%CI: 0.39-1.12; ORT3vsT1 : 0.83, 95%CI: 0.49-1.41] and EA [ORT2vsT1 : 0.68, 95%CI: 0.41-1.11; ORT3vsT1 : 0.67, 95%CI: 0.40-1.11]) compared with the first tertile, though confidence intervals included the null. Greater 1,25(OH)2 D/25(OH)D molar ratios were associated with lower odds of high aggressive prostate cancer more evidently in AA (ORQ4vsQ1 : 0.45, CI: 0.24-0.82) than in EA (ORQ4vsQ1 : 0.64, CI: 0.35-1.17) research subjects. CONCLUSIONS The 1,25(OH)2 D/25(OH)D molar ratio was associated with decreased risk of high aggressive prostate cancer in AA men, and possibly in EA men. Further studies analyzing vitamin D polymorphisms, vitamin D binding protein levels, and prostatic levels of these metabolites may be useful. These studies may provide a better understanding of the vitamin D pathway and its biological role underlying health disparities in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew York
| | - Susan E. Steck
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsArnold School of Public Health, University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth Carolina
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental HealthUniversity of MemphisMemphisTennessee
| | - Jeannette T. Bensen
- Department of EpidemiologyGillings School of Global Public Health, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Elizabeth T. H. Fontham
- School of Public HealthLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Candace S. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew York
| | - James L. Mohler
- Department of UrologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew York
| | - Gary J. Smith
- Department of UrologyRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew York
| | - L. Joseph Su
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public HealthUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas
| | - Anna Woloszynska
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsRoswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNew York
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McCullough PJ, Lehrer DS, Amend J. Daily oral dosing of vitamin D3 using 5000 TO 50,000 international units a day in long-term hospitalized patients: Insights from a seven year experience. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:228-239. [PMID: 30611908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a secosteroid hormone produced in the skin in amounts estimated up to 25,000 international units (IUs) a day by the action of UVB radiation on 7-dehydrocholesterol. Vitamin D deficiency is common due to both lack of adequate sun exposure to the skin, and because vitamin D is present in very few food sources. Deficiency is strongly linked to increased risk for a multitude of diseases, several of which have historically been shown to improve dramatically with either adequate UVB exposure to the skin, or to oral or topical supplementation with vitamin D. These diseases include asthma, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, rickets and tuberculosis. All patients in our hospital have been routinely screened on admission for vitamin D deficiency since July 2011, and offered supplementation to either correct or prevent deficiency. During this time, we have admitted over 4700 patients, the vast majority of whom agreed to supplementation with either 5000 or 10,000 IUs/day. Due to disease concerns, a few agreed to larger amounts, ranging from 20,000 to 50,000 IUs/day. There have been no cases of vitamin D3 induced hypercalcemia or any adverse events attributable to vitamin D3 supplementation in any patient. Three patients with psoriasis showed marked clinical improvement in their skin using 20,000 to 50,000 IUs/day. Analysis of 777 recently tested patients (new and long-term) not on D3 revealed 28.7% with 25-hydroxyvitaminD3 (25OHD3) blood levels < 20 ng/ml, 64.1% < 30 ng/ml, a mean 25OHD3 level of 27.1 ng/ml, with a range from 4.9 to 74.8 ng/ml. Analysis of 418 inpatients on D3 long enough to develop 25OHD3 blood levels > 74.4 ng/ml showed a mean 25OHD3 level of 118.9 ng/ml, with a range from 74.4 to 384.8 ng/ml. The average serum calcium level in these 2 groups was 9.5 (no D3) vs 9.6 (D3), with ranges of 8.4 to 10.7 (no D3) vs 8.6 to 10.7 mg/dl (D3), after excluding patients with other causes of hypercalcemia. The average intact parathyroid hormone levels were 24.2 pg/ml (D3) vs. 30.2 pg/ml (no D3). In summary, long-term supplementation with vitamin D3 in doses ranging from 5000 to 50,000 IUs/day appears to be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, 45435, United States; Summit Behavioral Healthcare, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, United States.
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, 45435, United States; Summit Behavioral Healthcare, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, United States
| | - Jeffrey Amend
- Summit Behavioral Healthcare, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, United States
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Petrou S, Mamais I, Lavranos G, P Tzanetakou I, Chrysostomou S. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:100-112. [PMID: 31038028 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is important in many cellular functions including cell cycling and proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Via the induction of cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis, vitamin D inhibits normal prostatic epithelial cells growth. Review the evidence of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on prostate cancer (PC) biomarkers and patient survival and assess optimal dosage, formulation and duration. Pubmed, Medline and Ebsco Host databases were systematically searched for relevant literature. 8 Randomized Controlled Trials were included in this review. All studies, besides one, were of high methodological quality. 4 studies used calcitriol (0,5-45 μg/weekly), 2 studies have used vitamin D3 (150-1000 μg/daily) and 2 other studies have used 1α-hydroxy Vitamin D2 (10 μg/ daily or weekly). Duration of supplementation varied between 28 days up to 18.3 months. Two studies had positive effects on prostate specific antigen (PSA) (p < .05), 1 study had a significant positive effect on median survival (p < .05) and 1 study showed a significant reduction of vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression (p < .05). The remaining studies showed negative or no effect on PC characteristics, clinical outcomes and/or survival. Current evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with standard of care (e.g. chemotherapy, radiation therapy) may confer clinical benefits such as a decrease in serum PSA levels and VDR expression but further research is required to ascertain these results. Calcitriol supplementation in doses ranging from 250-1000 mg for 3-8 weeks or a lower dose of 45 mg for 18.3 months, appear most beneficial regarding outcomes of PC progression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Petrou
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia-Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Mamais
- 2 Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Giagkos Lavranos
- 3 Department of Health Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia-Cyprus
| | - Irene P Tzanetakou
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia-Cyprus
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Assessing the relationship between statin use and oncologic outcomes among men electing active surveillance for localized prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:617-623. [PMID: 30996285 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess the effect of statin therapy on outcomes among men managed with active surveillance. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating 635 men managed with active surveillance from 2005 to 2015 at a large, academic medical center. The primary endpoints of analyses are disease reclassification (i.e., change in volume or grade of cancer on subsequent biopsies after diagnosis), progression to definitive therapy with curative intent (i.e., surgery or radiotherapy), and surveillance failure-defined as the development of either biochemical failure after definitive therapy, metastases, or prostate cancer-specific mortality-among statin and non-statin users. Secondary analyses were performed to assess the effect of statin use on outcomes among men who progressed to definitive treatment. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-six (56.1%) patients in the cohort were on statin therapy at the initiation of surveillance. The median age was 66.7 and 63.3 years among statin and non-statin users, respectively. On univariate analysis, there were no differences in the rates of disease reclassification, progression to definitive treatment, and surveillance failure between the statin and non-statin users in the cohort (all p > 0.05). There was no difference in the rate of biochemical failure among men who progressed to definitive therapy when stratified by statin use (p = 0.89). Pathologic data were available for 105 men who progressed to radical prostatectomy while on surveillance at our institution. Duration of statin use (months) was inversely correlated with adverse pathology for radical prostatectomy on both univariate (OR: 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 0.99; p = 0.03) and multivariate analysis (OR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99; p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Statin use was not associated with any clinical benefit with regard to disease reclassification, progression to definitive treatment, or surveillance failure among men selecting active surveillance at our institution. There was a 2% decrease in the odds of adverse pathology for each month of statin use among the men who progressed to radical prostatectomy while on active surveillance, but it is unclear at this time if this association has any durable impact on surveillance outcomes among men with favorable risk prostate cancer.
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Robles LA, Dawe K, Martin RM, Higgins JPT, Lewis SJ. Does testosterone mediate the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2019; 8:52. [PMID: 30755270 PMCID: PMC6371501 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from studies on prostate cancer progression have identified vitamin D to be a potentially important nutrient. However, the World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research have reported the quality of this evidence to be limited and warrant further investigation. We plan to use the recently developed WCRF International/University of Bristol mechanistic systematic review framework to determine whether the observed association between vitamin D and prostate cancer exists through a plausible biological pathway. METHODS This protocol sets out how we will perform a systematic review of the literature in human and animal studies. We will search the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and BIOSIS Citation Index without restrictions on year of publication or language. We will extract data from observational and experimental studies examining two inter-linked pathways in the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer progression: (1) vitamin D and testosterone, and (2) testosterone and prostate cancer progression. We focus on testosterone as its actions form a potentially novel intermediate mechanism that was identified via our online literature mining tools. The outcomes of interest include incidence or prevalence of prostate cancer, measures of prostate cancer progression (including biochemical recurrence, local, or distal metastases), and prostate cancer-specific mortality. We will assess study quality and the level of certainty of the evidence. We will analyse data where possible, using meta-analysis with forest plots or albatross plots; otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be performed. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic synthesis of the evidence underpinning the vitamin D-testosterone-prostate cancer mechanistic pathway. The results of the review may inform future research, intervention trials, and public health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Robles
- Bristol Medicine School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Office OG25, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN England
| | - Karen Dawe
- Bristol Medicine School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Office OG25, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN England
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Bristol Medicine School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Office OG25, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN England
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
| | - Julian P. T. Higgins
- Bristol Medicine School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Office OG25, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN England
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- Bristol Medicine School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Office OG25, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN England
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Rosenberg A, Nettey OS, Gogana P, Sheikh U, Macias V, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Sharifi R, Kittles RA, Murphy AB. Physiologic serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D is inversely associated with prostatic Ki67 staining in a diverse sample of radical prostatectomy patients. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:207-214. [PMID: 30730018 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-1128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D, prostatic 25 hydroxyvitamin D, and serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, and their respective associations with prostatic tumor proliferation at the time of radical prostatectomy. METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis of 119 men undergoing radical prostatectomy, serum from whole blood and expressed prostatic fluid was collected on the day of surgery. Tumor proliferation was measured in the dominant tumor on formalin-fixed prostatectomy tissues by immunohistochemical staining for Ki67 and quantified by Aperio imaging analysis. RESULTS The sample included 88 African Americans (74%) and 31 (26%) European Americans. Serum and prostatic levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D were correlated with each other (Spearman's rho (ρ) = 0.27, p = 0.004), and there was also a correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (ρ = 0.34, p < 0.001). Serum and prostatic 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels were not correlated with Ki67 staining in tumor cells. Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D was inversely correlated with Ki67 staining in tumor cells (ρ = - 0.30, p = 0.002). On linear regression, serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D was negatively associated with Ki67 staining in tumor cells (β - 0.46, 95% CI - 0.75, - 0.04, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The correlation between physiologic serum levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D with both prostatic 25 hydroxyvitamin D and serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D suggests that serum levels are reasonable biomarkers of vitamin D status. Furthermore, serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D has an inverse association with Ki67 staining in tumor cells at physiologic levels and may protect against tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rosenberg
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oluwarotimi S Nettey
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pooja Gogana
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ujalla Sheikh
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Virgilia Macias
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roohollah Sharifi
- Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Section of Urology, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- , 303 E Chicago Avenue, Tarry Building 16-729, 60611, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Song ZY, Yao Q, Zhuo Z, Ma Z, Chen G. Circulating vitamin D level and mortality in prostate cancer patients: a dose-response meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R294-R303. [PMID: 30352424 PMCID: PMC6240137 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies investigating the association of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with prognosis of prostate cancer yielded controversial results. We conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for eligible studies up to July 15, 2018. We performed a dose-response meta-analysis using random-effect model to calculate the summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of mortality in patients with prostate cancer. Seven eligible cohort studies with 7808 participants were included. The results indicated that higher vitamin D level could reduce the risk of death among prostate cancer patients. The summary HR of prostate cancer-specific mortality correlated with an increment of every 20 nmol/L in circulating vitamin D level was 0.91, with 95% CI 0.87-0.97, P = 0.002. The HR for all-cause mortality with the increase of 20 nmol/L vitamin D was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84-0.98, P = 0.01). Sensitivity analysis suggested the pooled HRs were stable and not obviously changed by any single study. No evidence of publications bias was observed. This meta-analysis suggested that higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was associated with a reduction of mortality in prostate cancer patients and vitamin D is an important protective factor in the progression and prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-yu Song
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to G Chen:
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Zhang ZH, Luo B, Xu S, Fu L, Chen YH, Zhang C, Wang H, Xie DD, Xu DX. Vitamin D deficiency promotes prostatic hyperplasia in middle-age mice through exacerbating local inflammation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 182:14-20. [PMID: 29684478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is especially prevalent in pregnant women and children. Our recent study demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in early life disturbed testicular development. This study investigated the effects of vitamin D deficiency in early life on prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged mice. In control group, dams and their male pups were fed with standard-chow diets. In VDD group, dams were fed with vitamin D deficient (VDD) diets throughout pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, male pups continued to be fed with VDD diets. As expected, prostate weight was elevated and prostatic hyperplasia was observed in VDD-fed mice. The number of prostatic Ki-67-positive epithelial cells, a proliferation marker, was increased in VDD-fed mice. Further analysis found that vitamin D deficiency promoted inflammatory infiltration and stromal fibrosis in prostate of middle-aged mice. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency activated NF-κB and up-regulated Il-6 mRNA in prostate of middle-aged mice. In addition, vitamin D deficiency activated prostatic STAT3, a proliferation pathway in middle-aged mice. Of interest, VDD-induced prostatic inflammation and hyperplasia were partially reversed when VDD diets was replaced with standard diets. These results provide evidence that vitamin D deficiency in early life promotes prostatic hyperplasia in middle-aged mice through exacerbating local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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40
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Santucci KL, Baust JM, Snyder KK, Van Buskirk RG, Baust JG. Dose Escalation of Vitamin D 3 Yields Similar Cryosurgical Outcome to Single Dose Exposure in a Prostate Cancer Model. Cancer Control 2018; 25:1073274818757418. [PMID: 29480024 PMCID: PMC5933822 DOI: 10.1177/1073274818757418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is an effective adjunctive agent, enhancing the destructive effects of freezing in prostate cancer cryoablation studies. We investigated whether dose escalation of VD3 over several weeks, to model the increase in physiological VD3 levels if an oral supplement were prescribed, would be as or more effective than a single treatment 1 to 2 days prior to freezing. PC-3 cells in log phase growth to model aggressive, highly metabolically active prostate cancer were exposed to a gradually increasing dose of VD3 to a final dose of 80 nM over a 4-week period, maintained for 2 weeks at 80 nM, and then exposed to mild sublethal freezing temperatures. Results demonstrate that both acute 24-hour exposure to 80 nM VD3 and dose escalation resulted in enhanced cell death following freezing at −15°C or colder, with no significant differences between the 2 exposure regimes. Apoptotic analysis within the initial 24-hour period postfreeze revealed that VD3 treatment induced both caspase 8- and 9-mediated cell death, most notably in caspase 8 at 8-hour postfreeze. These results indicate that both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways are involved in VD3 sensitization prior to freezing. Additionally, both acute and gradual dose escalation regimes of VD3 exposure increase prostate cancer cell sensitivity to mild freezing. Importantly, this study expands upon previous reports and suggests that the combination of VD3 and freezing may offer an effective treatment for both slow growth and highly aggressive prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Santucci
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - John M Baust
- 2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - Kristi K Snyder
- 2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - Robert G Van Buskirk
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,3 CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA
| | - John G Baust
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.,2 Institute for Biomedical Technology, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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McDonnell SL, Baggerly CA, French CB, Baggerly LL, Garland CF, Gorham ED, Hollis BW, Trump DL, Lappe JM. Breast cancer risk markedly lower with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations ≥60 vs <20 ng/ml (150 vs 50 nmol/L): Pooled analysis of two randomized trials and a prospective cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199265. [PMID: 29906273 PMCID: PMC6003691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While numerous epidemiologic studies have found an association between higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and lower breast cancer risk, few have assessed this association for concentrations >40 ng/ml. Objective To investigate the relationship between 25(OH)D concentration and breast cancer risk across a broad range of 25(OH)D concentrations among women aged 55 years and older. Methods Analyses used pooled data from two randomized clinical trials (N = 1129, N = 2196) and a prospective cohort (N = 1713) to examine a broad range of 25(OH)D concentrations. The outcome was diagnosis of breast cancer during the observation periods (median: 4.0 years). Three analyses were conducted: 1) Incidence rates were compared according to 25(OH)D concentration from <20 to ≥60 ng/ml (<50 to ≥150 nmol/L), 2) Kaplan-Meier plots were developed and 3) multivariate Cox regression was used to examine the association between 25(OH)D and breast cancer risk using multiple 25(OH)D measurements. Results Within the pooled cohort (N = 5038), 77 women were diagnosed with breast cancer (age-adjusted incidence: 512 cases per 100,000 person-years). Results were similar for the three analyses. First, comparing incidence rates, there was an 82% lower incidence rate of breast cancer for women with 25(OH)D concentrations ≥60 vs <20 ng/ml (Rate Ratio = 0.18, P = 0.006). Second, Kaplan-Meier curves for concentrations of <20, 20–39, 40–59 and ≥60 ng/ml were significantly different (P = 0.02), with the highest proportion breast cancer-free in the ≥60 ng/ml group (99.3%) and the lowest proportion breast cancer-free in the <20 ng/ml group (96.8%). The proportion with breast cancer was 78% lower for ≥60 vs <20 ng/ml (P = 0.02). Third, multivariate Cox regression revealed that women with 25(OH)D concentrations ≥60 ng/ml had an 80% lower risk of breast cancer than women with concentrations <20 ng/ml (HR = 0.20, P = 0.03), adjusting for age, BMI, smoking status, calcium supplement intake, and study of origin. Conclusions Higher 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with a dose-response decrease in breast cancer risk with concentrations ≥60 ng/ml being most protective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leo L. Baggerly
- GrassrootsHealth, Encinitas, California, United States of America
| | - Cedric F. Garland
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Edward D. Gorham
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce W. Hollis
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donald L. Trump
- Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Falls Church, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Joan M. Lappe
- Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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Wu DB, Wang ML, Chen EQ, Tang H. New insights into the role of vitamin D in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:287-294. [PMID: 29140126 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1406307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being crucial for host immune defense, vitamin D is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and micro-RNA modulation. To date, clinical studies have demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is common not only in patients with chronic liver diseases but also in those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experimental studies have also demonstrated that vitamin D and its receptors are related to the occurrence of HCC and the prognoses of patients with HCC. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the potential anti-tumor role of vitamin D in HCC based on current findings from epidemiological studies, basic science, and clinical studies and provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of HCC. Expert commentary: Recent studies have revealed the anti-tumor effects of vitamin D to a certain degree. Vitamin D and its analogs may provide new treatment targets and prognostic factors for HCC that might be essential for the primary or secondary prevention of HCC and the monitoring of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Bo Wu
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Meng-Lan Wang
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Hong Tang
- a Center of Infectious Diseases , West China Hospital of Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
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43
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Young MRI, Xiong Y. Influence of vitamin D on cancer risk and treatment: Why the variability? TRENDS IN CANCER RESEARCH 2018; 13:43-53. [PMID: 30369773 PMCID: PMC6201256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between vitamin D and cancer has long been studied, but the results have been variable. Thus, there does not seem to be a consensus on whether vitamin D has a beneficial anti-cancer effect. This review not only summarizes the association between vitamin D and cancer risk and results of clinical trials involving vitamin D, but explores some of the reasons that contribute to the variability of study outcomes. Highlighted are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that contribute to variability in the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation. Understanding these differences can personalize approaches to optimize the effectiveness of vitamin D in limiting cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rita I. Young
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Marian MJ. Dietary Supplements Commonly Used by Cancer Survivors: Are There Any Benefits? Nutr Clin Pract 2017; 32:607-627. [PMID: 28813230 DOI: 10.1177/0884533617721687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a cancer diagnosis, dietary supplements are reportedly used by 20%-80% of individuals. Supplements are most commonly used by breast cancer survivors, followed by patients with prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers, which is not surprising since these are the most common types of cancer diagnosed in adults. Reasons cited for such use include improving quality of life, reducing symptoms related to treatment and/or the disease process, and recommendation from medical practitioners; family and friends may also be an influence. However, controversy surrounds the use of dietary supplements, particularly during treatment-specifically, whether supplements affect treatment efficacy is unknown. This article discusses the evidence related to common dietary supplements used to prevent cancer or a recurrence.
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45
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Moukayed M, Grant WB. The roles of UVB and vitamin D in reducing risk of cancer incidence and mortality: A review of the epidemiology, clinical trials, and mechanisms. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:167-182. [PMID: 28213657 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Global cancer incidence and mortality rates are high and increasing. Thus, it is imperative to find novel solutions to preventing cancer incidence and treating it at an affordable yet efficacious manner. The solar UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis was first proposed in 1980 based on a geographical ecological study. Since then, numerous ecological and observational studies as well as studies of mechanisms have provided support for the hypothesis. However, observational studies have not provided consistent support, in part due to using a single blood draw from any season to use for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in prospective studies with long follow-up times. Case-controls studies, in which blood is drawn near time of diagnosis, and prospective studies in which blood is drawn in the sunnier half of the year, are more likely to find significant inverse relations between 25(OH)D and cancer incidence. Three vitamin D plus calcium clinical trials have found significant reduction in all-cancer incidence. This paper reviews the evidence for vitamin D in reducing incidence of and increasing survival from breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. The epidemiological evidence provides strong support for all of these types of cancer except for non-aggressive prostate cancer. Studies of the cellular mechanisms of vitamin D action in different cancer cell types, strongly indicate that vitamin D can exert protective and anti-tumorigenic activities that would retard cellular transformation, hyperplasia and cancer progression. Based on the scientific evidence reviewed in this paper, individuals and health providers can consider increasing 25(OH)D concentrations through sensible sun exposure and/or vitamin D supplementation to reduce risk of and, in conjunction with standard care, treat cancer. Public health acceptance of vitamin D for cancer prevention and treatment requires stronger support from vitamin D clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meis Moukayed
- School of Arts and Sciences, American University in Dubai, P.O. Box 28282, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA, 94164-1603, USA.
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Moore CM, Robertson NL, Jichi F, Damola A, Ambler G, Giganti F, Ridout AJ, Bott SRJ, Winkler M, Ahmed HU, Arya M, Mitra AV, McCartan N, Freeman A, Jameson C, Castro R, Gambarota G, Whitcher BJ, Allen C, Kirkham A, Emberton M. The Effect of Dutasteride on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Defined Prostate Cancer: MAPPED-A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial. J Urol 2017; 197:1006-1013. [PMID: 27871928 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dutasteride, which is licensed for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia, has been associated with a lower progression rate of low risk prostate cancer. We evaluated the effect of dutasteride on prostate cancer volume as assessed by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial, men with biopsy proven, low-intermediate risk prostate cancer (up to Gleason 3 + 4 and PSA up to 15 ng/ml) who had visible lesion of 0.2 ml or greater on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging sequences were randomized to daily dutasteride 0.5 mg or placebo for 6 months. Lesion volume was assessed at baseline, and 3 and 6 months with image guided biopsy to the lesion at study exit. The primary end point was the percent reduction in lesion volume over 6 months. This trial was registered with the European Clinical Trials register (EudraCT 2009-102405-18). RESULTS A total of 42 men were recruited between June 2010 and January 2012. In the dutasteride group, the average volumes at baseline and 6 months were 0.55 and 0.38 ml, respectively and the average reduction was 36%. In the placebo group, the average volumes at baseline and 6 months were 0.65 and 0.76 ml, respectively, and the average reduction was -12%. The difference in percent reductions between the groups was 48% (95% CI 27.4-68.3, p <0.0001). The most common adverse event was deterioration in erectile function, which was 25% in men randomized to dutasteride and 16% in men randomized to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Dutasteride was associated with a significant reduction in prostate cancer volume on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Moore
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France.
| | - Nicola L Robertson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Fatima Jichi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Adebiyi Damola
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Gareth Ambler
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Francesco Giganti
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Ashley J Ridout
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Simon R J Bott
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Mathias Winkler
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Hashim U Ahmed
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Manit Arya
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Anita V Mitra
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Neil McCartan
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Alex Freeman
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Charles Jameson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Ramiro Castro
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Giulio Gambarota
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Brandon J Whitcher
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Clare Allen
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Alex Kirkham
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
| | - Mark Emberton
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, ME), University College London, United Kingdom; Biostatistics Group, University College London Hospitals/University College London Research Support Centre (FJ, GA), University College London, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust (CMM, NLR, AD, AJR, HUA, MA, NM, ME), United Kingdom; Department of Radiology (FG, CA), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Pathology (AF, CJ), University College London Hospital Trust, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College National Health Service Trust (MW), United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital London (AVM), United Kingdom; Klarismo (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London (BJW), United Kingdom; Department of Urology, Frimley Park Hospital, Surrey (SRJB), United Kingdom; GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development (RC), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1099 and Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes (GG), France
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Bandera Merchan B, Morcillo S, Martin-Nuñez G, Tinahones FJ, Macías-González M. The role of vitamin D and VDR in carcinogenesis: Through epidemiology and basic sciences. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:203-218. [PMID: 27913313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades vitamin D (VD) research has demonstrated new extraskeletal actions of this pre-hormone, suggesting a protective role of this secosteroid in the onset, progression and prognosis of several chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer. Regarding carcinogenesis, both preclinical and epidemiological evidence available show oncoprotective actions of VD and its receptor, the VDR. However, in late neoplastic stages the VD system (VDS) seems to be less functional, which appears to be due to an epigenetic silencing of the system. In preclinical experimental studies, VD presents oncoprotective actions through modulation of inflammation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, invasive and metastatic potential, apoptosis, miRNA expression regulation and modulation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway. Moreover, epidemiological evidence points towards an oncoprotective role of vitamin D and VDR in colorectal cancer. This association is more controversial with breast, ovarian and prostate cancers, although with a few adverse effects. Nonetheless, we should consider other factors to determine the benefit of increased serum concentration of VD. Much of the epidemiological evidence is still inconclusive, and we will have to wait for new, better-designed ongoing RCTs and their results to discern the real effect of vitamin D in cancer risk reduction and therapy. The objective of this literature review is to offer an up-to-date analysis of the role of the VD and VDR, in the onset, progression and prognosis of all types of cancer. We further discuss the available literature and suggest new hypotheses and future challenges in the field of VD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Bandera Merchan
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Martin-Nuñez
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macías-González
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Dambal S, Giangreco AA, Acosta AM, Fairchild A, Richards Z, Deaton R, Wagner D, Vieth R, Gann PH, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Van der Kwast T, Nonn L. microRNAs and DICER1 are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in prostate stroma. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:192-202. [PMID: 28089917 PMCID: PMC5304339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of lethal prostate adenocarcinomas (PCa) and the majority of older men are deficient. Although PCa arises from the epithelium, the surrounding stroma has hormonal regulatory control over the epithelium and contributes to carcinogenesis. Herein, we describe regulation of microRNAs (miRs) by the active hormone dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in human prostate stroma. 1,25(OH)2D binds the vitamin D receptor (VDR) transcription factor to regulate gene expression, including miRs, which have emerged as potent regulators of protein expression. 1,25(OH)2D-regulated miRs were identified by profiling in primary human prostatic stromal cells (PrS) and three miRs, miR-126-3p, miR 154-5p and miR-21-5p were subsequently validated in laser-capture micro-dissected prostate stromal tissue from a vitamin D3 clinical trial (N=45). Regulation of these miRs by 1,25(OH)2D was VDR-dependent. Network analysis of known and putative mRNA targets of these miRs was enriched with cancer and inflammation pathways, consistent with known roles of stroma and of vitamin D in carcinogenesis. Expression of the miR processing ribonuclease, DICER1, positively correlated with vitamin D metabolite levels in the clinical trial specimens. High epithelial/stromal ratios of DICER1 were significantly associated biochemical recurrence (OR 3.1, p=0.03) in a tissue microarray of 170 matched PCa patients. In summary, these results underscore the role of the prostate stroma in regulating responses to the hormone 1,25(OH)2D and identified miRs and DICER1 as being regulated in human prostate stroma. Regulation of stromal DICER1 by 1,25(OH)2D may also have clinical relevance in protection against aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Dambal
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Angeline A Giangreco
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andres M Acosta
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Fairchild
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zachary Richards
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ryan Deaton
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dennis Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Reinhold Vieth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Gann
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
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49
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Lifestyle guidelines for managing adverse effects on bone health and body composition in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: an update. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:137-145. [PMID: 28117386 PMCID: PMC5508230 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Men treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer are prone to multiple treatment-induced adverse effects, particularly with regard to a deterioration in bone health and altered body composition including decreased lean tissue mass and increased fat mass. These alterations may partially explain the marked increased risk in osteoporosis, falls, fracture and cardiometabolic risk that has been observed in this population. Methods: A review was conducted that assessed standard clinical guidelines for the management of ADT-induced adverse effects on bone health and body composition in men with prostate cancer. Results: Currently, standard clinical guidelines exist for the management of various bone and metabolic ADT-induced adverse effects in men with prostate cancer. However, an evaluation of the effectiveness of these guidelines into routine practice revealed that men continued to experience increased central adiposity, and, unless pharmacotherapy was instituted, accelerated bone loss and worsening glycaemia occurred. Conclusions: This review discusses the current guidelines and some of the limitations, and proposes new recommendations based on emerging evidence regarding the efficacy of lifestyle interventions, particularly with regard to exercise and nutritional factors, to manage ADT-related adverse effects on bone health and body composition in men with prostate cancer.
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50
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Batai K, Murphy AB, Ruden M, Newsome J, Shah E, Dixon MA, Jacobs ET, Hollowell CMP, Ahaghotu C, Kittles RA. Race and BMI modify associations of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:64. [PMID: 28103838 PMCID: PMC5248493 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans have disproportionately higher burden of prostate cancer compared to European Americans. However, the cause of prostate cancer disparities is still unclear. Several roles have been proposed for calcium and vitamin D in prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression, but epidemiologic studies have been conducted mainly in European descent populations. Here we investigated the association of calcium and vitamin D intake with prostate cancer in multiethnic samples. METHODS A total of 1,657 prostate cancer patients who underwent screening and healthy controls (888 African Americans, 620 European Americans, 111 Hispanic Americans, and 38 others) from Chicago, IL and Washington, D.C. were included in this study. Calcium and vitamin D intake were evaluated using food frequency questionnaire. We performed unconditional logistic regression analyses adjusting for relevant variables. RESULTS In the pooled data set, high calcium intake was significantly associated with higher odds for aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 1.98, 95% C.I.: 1.01-3.91), while high vitamin D intake was associated with lower odds of aggressive prostate cancer (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 0.38, 95% C.I.: 0.18-0.79). In African Americans, the association between high calcium intake and aggressive prostate cancer was statistically significant (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 4.28, 95% C.I.: 1.70-10.80). We also observed a strong inverse association between total vitamin D intake and prostate cancer in African Americans (ORQuartile 1 vs. Quartile 4 = 0.06, 95% C.I.: 0.02-0.54). In European Americas, we did not observe any significant associations between either calcium or vitamin D intake and prostate cancer. In analyses stratifying participants based on Body Mass Index (BMI), we observed a strong positive association between calcium and aggressive prostate cancer and a strong inverse association between vitamin D intake and aggressive prostate cancer among men with low BMI (<27.8 kg/m2), but not among men with high BMI (≥27.8 kg/m2). Interactions of race and BMI with vitamin D intake were significant (P Interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Calcium intake was positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer, while vitamin D intake exhibited an inverse relationship. However, these associations varied by race/ethnicity and BMI. The findings from this study may help develop better prostate cancer prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Adam B Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maria Ruden
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Suite 1020 N (MC 787), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer Newsome
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 914 S Wood Street (MC 595), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ebony Shah
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Michael A Dixon
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, PO Box 245210, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Courtney M P Hollowell
- Division of Urology, Cook County Health and Hospitals System, 1900 W. Polk Ave., Suite 465, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chiledum Ahaghotu
- Carney Hospital-Steward Health System, 2100 Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester, MA, 02124, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245024, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
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