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Larionov A, Hammer CM, Fiedler K, Filgueira L. Dynamics of Endothelial Cell Diversity and Plasticity in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1276. [PMID: 39120307 PMCID: PMC11312403 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are vital structural units of the cardiovascular system possessing two principal distinctive properties: heterogeneity and plasticity. Endothelial heterogeneity is defined by differences in tissue-specific endothelial phenotypes and their high predisposition to modification along the length of the vascular bed. This aspect of heterogeneity is closely associated with plasticity, the ability of ECs to adapt to environmental cues through the mobilization of genetic, molecular, and structural alterations. The specific endothelial cytoarchitectonics facilitate a quick structural cell reorganization and, furthermore, easy adaptation to the extrinsic and intrinsic environmental stimuli, known as the epigenetic landscape. ECs, as universally distributed and ubiquitous cells of the human body, play a role that extends far beyond their structural function in the cardiovascular system. They play a crucial role in terms of barrier function, cell-to-cell communication, and a myriad of physiological and pathologic processes. These include development, ontogenesis, disease initiation, and progression, as well as growth, regeneration, and repair. Despite substantial progress in the understanding of endothelial cell biology, the role of ECs in healthy conditions and pathologies remains a fascinating area of exploration. This review aims to summarize knowledge and concepts in endothelial biology. It focuses on the development and functional characteristics of endothelial cells in health and pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on endothelial phenotypic and functional heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Larionov
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Christian Manfred Hammer
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
| | - Klaus Fiedler
- Independent Researcher, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
| | - Luis Filgueira
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Anatomy, University of Fribourg, Route Albert-Gockel 1, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (C.M.H.); (L.F.)
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Balhara M, Neikirk K, Marshall A, Hinton A, Kirabo A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hypertension and Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:273-290. [PMID: 38602583 PMCID: PMC11166838 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is a principal risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with its severity exacerbated by high sodium intake, particularly in individuals with salt-sensitive blood pressure. However, the mechanisms underlying hypertension and salt sensitivity are only partly understood. Herein, we review potential interactions in hypertension pathophysiology involving the immune system, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and proteostasis pathways; identify knowledge gaps; and discuss future directions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advancements by our research group and others reveal interactions within and between adaptive and innate immune responses in hypertension pathophysiology. The salt-immune-hypertension axis is further supported by the discovery of the role of dendritic cells in hypertension, marked by isolevuglandin (IsoLG) formation. Alongside these broadened understandings of immune-mediated salt sensitivity, the contributions of T cells to hypertension have been recently challenged by groups whose findings did not support increased resistance of Rag-1-deficient mice to Ang II infusion. Hypertension has also been linked to ER stress and the UPR. Notably, a holistic approach is needed because the UPR engages in crosstalk with autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome, and other proteostasis pathways, that may all involve hypertension. There is a critical need for studies to establish cause and effect relationships between ER stress and the UPR in hypertension pathophysiology in humans and to determine whether the immune system and ER stress function mainly to exacerbate or initiate hypertension and target organ injury. This review of recent studies proposes new avenues for future research for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Balhara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212-8802, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Andrea Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212-8802, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, USA.
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Chiang MD, Chang CY, Shih HJ, Le VL, Huang YH, Huang CJ. Exosomes from Human Placenta Choriodecidual Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigate Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Inflammation, and Lung Injury in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Obese Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040615. [PMID: 35453300 PMCID: PMC9029526 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediates the effects of obesity on aggravating sepsis-induced lung injury. We investigated whether exosomes from human placenta choriodecidual membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pcMSCs) can mitigate pulmonary ER stress, lung injury, and the mechanisms of inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-treated obese mice. Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice (adult male C57BL/6J mice fed with a 12-week high-fat diet) received lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg, i.p.; DIOLPS group) or lipopolysaccharide plus exosomes (1 × 108 particles/mouse, i.p.; DIOLPSExo group). Our data demonstrated lower levels of ER stress (upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78, phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, and C/EBP homologous protein; p = 0.038, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively), inflammation (activation of nuclear factor-kB, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, macrophages, and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6; p = 0.03, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively), lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001), and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation, p = 0.003) in lung tissues, as well as lower lung injury level (decreases in tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, and end expiratory volume; increases in resistance, injury score, and tissue water content; p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and =0.002, respectively) in the DIOLPSExo group than in the DIOLPS group. In conclusion, exosomes from human pcMSCs mitigate pulmonary ER stress, inflammation, oxidation, apoptosis, and lung injury in lipopolysaccharide-treated obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton D. Chiang
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.D.C.); (V.L.L.)
| | - Chao-Yuan Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
- Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, MinDao University, Changhua 523, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Van Long Le
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.D.C.); (V.L.L.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City 52000, Vietnam
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-29307930 (ext. 2160); Fax: +886-2-29302448
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Abstract
Cells respond to stress by activating a variety of defense signaling pathways, including cell survival and cell death pathways. Although cell survival signaling helps the cell to recover from acute insults, cell death or senescence pathways induced by chronic insults can lead to unresolved pathologies. Arterial hypertension results from chronic physiological maladaptation against various stressors represented by abnormal circulating or local neurohormonal factors, mechanical stress, intracellular accumulation of toxic molecules, and dysfunctional organelles. Hypertension and aging share common mechanisms that mediate or prolong chronic cell stress, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and accumulation of protein aggregates, oxidative stress, metabolic mitochondrial stress, DNA damage, stress-induced senescence, and proinflammatory processes. This review discusses common adaptive signaling mechanisms against these stresses including unfolded protein responses, antioxidant response element signaling, autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fission/fusion, STING (signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes)-mediated responses, and activation of pattern recognition receptors. The main molecular mechanisms by which the vasculature copes with hypertensive and aging stressors are presented and recent advancements in stress-adaptive signaling mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Cicalese
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josiane Fernandes da Silva
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Endothelial Dysfunction and Extra-Articular Neurological Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010081. [PMID: 33435178 PMCID: PMC7827097 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects about 1% of the global population, with a female–male ratio of 3:1. RA preferably affects the joints, with consequent joint swelling and deformities followed by ankylosis. However, evidence has accumulated showing that patients suffering from RA can also develop extra-articular manifestations, including cardiovascular disease states, neuropathies, and multiorgan dysfunction. In particular, peripheral nerve disorders showed a consistent impact in the course of the disease (prevalence about 20%) mostly associated to vasculitis of the nerve vessels leading to vascular ischemia, axonal degeneration, and neuronal demyelination. The pathophysiological basis of this RA-associated microvascular disease, which leads to impairment of assonal functionality, is still to be better clarified. However, endothelial dysfunction and alterations of the so-called brain-nerve barrier (BNB) seem to play a fundamental role. This review aims to assess the potential mechanisms underlying the impairment of endothelial cell functionality in the development of RA and to identify the role of dysfunctional endothelium as a causative mechanism of extra-articular manifestation of RA. On the other hand, the potential impact of lifestyle and nutritional interventions targeting the maintenance of endothelial cell integrity in patients with RA will be discussed as a potential option when approaching therapeutic solutions in the course of the disease.
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Fujita H, Aratani S, Mizoguchi I, Yagishita N, Nakajima T. Enhanced expression of synoviolin in peripheral blood from obese/overweight donors. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:121. [PMID: 33005247 PMCID: PMC7523271 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently a major medical and societal issue. Synoviolin (SYVN1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Overexpression of Syvn1 has been found in genetically obese mice (ob/ob and db/db), and treatment with a Syvn1 inhibitor suppresses weight gain in some mouse models (C57BL/6J and db/db). However, SYVN1 expression in humans has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, 35 human volunteers were analyzed, and the expression level of SYVN1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. Expression of SYVN1 mRNA was significantly increased in PBMCs from volunteers with a BMI ≥25.0, compared with volunteers with a BMI <25.0. In addition, PCR array and RT-qPCR of ER stress-responsive genes revealed that the expression of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), which plays an important role in the transcriptional activation of SYVN1, was increased in PBMCs from volunteers with a BMI ≥25.0. These results suggest that the ATF6-SYVN1 axis might be an important pathway in the progression of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Fujita
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Future Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Satoko Aratani
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Industry-University Cooperation (BioMimetics Sympathies Inc.), Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Naoko Yagishita
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakajima
- Department of Locomotor Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Future Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Industry-University Cooperation (BioMimetics Sympathies Inc.), Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
- Integrated Gene Editing Section (iGES), Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
- Bayside Misato Medical Center, Kochi, Kochi 781-0112, Japan
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Osman A, Benameur T, Korashy HM, Zeidan A, Agouni A. Interplay between Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Large Extracellular Vesicles (Microparticles) in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E409. [PMID: 33053883 PMCID: PMC7599704 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon increased demand for protein synthesis, accumulation of misfolded and/or unfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a pro-survival response is activated termed unfolded protein response (UPR), aiming at restoring the proper function of the ER. Prolonged activation of the UPR leads, however, to ER stress, a cellular state that contributes to the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases including obesity and diabetes. ER stress response by itself can result in endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark of cardiovascular disease, through various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly large EVs (lEVs) commonly referred to as microparticles (MPs), are membrane vesicles. They are considered as a fingerprint of their originating cells, carrying a variety of molecular components of their parent cells. lEVs are emerging as major contributors to endothelial cell dysfunction in various metabolic disease conditions. However, the mechanisms underpinning the role of lEVs in endothelial dysfunction are not fully elucidated. Recently, ER stress emerged as a bridging molecular link between lEVs and endothelial cell dysfunction. Therefore, in the current review, we summarized the roles of lEVs and ER stress in endothelial dysfunction and discussed the molecular crosstalk and relationship between ER stress and lEVs in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Osman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.O.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham M. Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.O.); (H.M.K.)
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (A.O.); (H.M.K.)
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Ait-Aissa K, Nguyen QM, Gabani M, Kassan A, Kumar S, Choi SK, Gonzalez AA, Khataei T, Sahyoun AM, Chen C, Kassan M. MicroRNAs and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction: key paradigms in molecular therapy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:136. [PMID: 32907629 PMCID: PMC7488343 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular health. Obesity is a global epidemic that has seen dramatic increases in both adult and pediatric populations. Obesity perturbs the integrity of normal endothelium, leading to endothelial dysfunction which predisposes the patient to cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in a variety of cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stress response; their alteration contributes to the development of many pathologies including obesity. Mediators of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction include altered endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), oxidative stress, autophagy machinery and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. All of these factors have been shown to be either directly or indirectly caused by gene regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of the therapeutic potential of miRNAs to treat obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. This may lead to the identification of new targets for interventions that may prevent or delay the development of obesity-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tahsin Khataei
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Amal M Sahyoun
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Jackisch L, Murphy AM, Kumar S, Randeva H, Tripathi G, McTernan PG. Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Human Adipocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5837767. [PMID: 32413131 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dysfunctional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are known to contribute to the pathology of metabolic disease. This damage may occur, in part, as a consequence of ER-mitochondria cross-talk in conditions of nutrient excess such as obesity. To date, insight into this dynamic relationship has not been characterized in adipose tissue. Therefore, this study investigated whether ER stress contributes to the development of mitochondrial inefficiency in human adipocytes from lean and obese participants. METHODS Human differentiated adipocytes from Chub-S7 cell line and primary abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes from lean and obese participants were treated with tunicamycin to induce ER stress. Key parameters of mitochondrial function were assessed, including mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (MMP), and dynamics. RESULTS ER stress led to increased respiratory capacity in a model adipocyte system (Chub-S7 adipocytes) in a concentration and time dependent manner (24 h: 23%↑; 48 h: 68%↑, P < 0.001; 72 h: 136%↑, P < 0.001). This corresponded with mitochondrial inefficiency and diminished MMP, highlighting the formation of dysfunctional mitochondria. Morphological analysis revealed reorganization of mitochondrial network, specifically mitochondrial fragmentation. Furthermore, p-DRP1, a key protein in fission, significantly increased (P < 0.001). Additionally, adipocytes from obese subjects displayed lower basal respiration (49%↓, P < 0.01) and were unresponsive to tunicamycin in contrast to their lean counterparts, demonstrating inefficient mitochondrial oxidative capacity. CONCLUSION These human data suggest that adipocyte mitochondrial inefficiency is driven by ER stress and exacerbated in obesity. Nutrient excess-induced ER stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that may therefore shift lipid deposition ectopically and thus have further implications on the development of related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jackisch
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Alice M Murphy
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sudhesh Kumar
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UHCW, Coventry, UK
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Human Sciences Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Philip G McTernan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Craighead DH, Freeberg KA, Seals DR. Vascular Endothelial Function in Midlife/Older Adults Classified According to 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guidelines. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016625. [PMID: 32815446 PMCID: PMC7660773 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Impaired endothelial function is thought to contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk associated with above‐normal blood pressure (BP). However, the association between endothelial function and BP classified by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines is unknown. Our objective was to determine if endothelial function decreases in midlife/older adults across the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines BP classifications and identify associated mechanisms of action. Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of endothelial function (brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation) from 988 midlife/older adults (aged 50+ years) stratified by BP status (normal BP; elevated BP; stage 1 hypertension; stage 2 hypertension) was performed. Endothelium‐independent dilation (sublingual nitroglycerin), reactive oxygen species–mediated suppression of endothelial function (∆brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation with vitamin C infusion), and endothelial cell and plasma markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were assessed in subgroups. Compared with normal BP (n=411), brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation was 12% (P=0.04), 15% (P<0.01) and 20% (P<0.01) lower with elevated BP (n=173), stage 1 hypertension (n=248) and stage 2 hypertension (n=156), respectively, whereas endothelium‐independent dilation did not differ (P=0.14). Vitamin C infusion increased brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation in those with above‐normal BP (P≤0.02) but not normal BP (P=0.11). Endothelial cell p47phox (P<0.01), a marker of superoxide/reactive oxygen species–generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and circulating interleukin‐6 concentrations (P=0.01) were higher in individuals with above‐normal BP. Conclusions Vascular endothelial function is progressively impaired with increasing BP in otherwise healthy adults classified by 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. Impaired endothelial function with above‐normal BP is mediated by excessive reactive oxygen species signaling associated with increased endothelial expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and circulating interleukin‐6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Kaitlin A Freeberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO
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Cheng H, Gang X, He G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Wang G. The Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane-Induced Insulin Resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:592129. [PMID: 33329397 PMCID: PMC7719781 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.592129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are connected at multiple sites via what are known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). These associations are known to play an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Impaired MAM signaling has wide-ranging effects in many diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Accumulating evidence has suggested that MAMs influence insulin signaling through different pathways, including those associated with Ca2+ signaling, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, ER stress responses, and inflammation. Altered MAM signaling is a common feature of insulin resistance in different tissues, including the liver, muscle, and even the brain. In the liver, MAMs are key glucose-sensing regulators and have been proposed to be a hub for insulin signaling. Impaired MAM integrity has been reported to disrupt hepatic responses to changes in glucose availability during nutritional transition and to induce hepatic insulin resistance. Meanwhile, these effects can be rescued by the reinforcement of MAM interactions. In contrast, several studies have proposed that enhanced ER-mitochondria connections are detrimental to hepatic insulin signaling and can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, given these contradictory results, the role played by the MAM in the regulation of hepatic insulin signaling remains elusive. Similarly, in skeletal muscle, enhanced MAM formation may be beneficial in the early stage of diabetes, whereas continuous MAM enhancement aggravates insulin resistance. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that ER stress may be the primary pathway through which MAMs induce brain insulin resistance, especially in the hypothalamus. This review will discuss the possible mechanisms underlying MAM-associated insulin resistance as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting the MAM in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xue Zhao
- *Correspondence: Guixia Wang, ; Xue Zhao,
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Maamoun H, Abdelsalam SS, Zeidan A, Korashy HM, Agouni A. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: A Critical Molecular Driver of Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disturbances Associated with Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071658. [PMID: 30987118 PMCID: PMC6480154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle contribute to the widespread epidemic of obesity among both adults and children leading to rising cases of diabetes. Cardiovascular disease complications associated with obesity and diabetes are closely linked to insulin resistance and its complex implications on vascular cells particularly endothelial cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is activated following disruption in post-translational protein folding and maturation within the ER in metabolic conditions characterized by heavy demand on protein synthesis, such as obesity and diabetes. ER stress has gained much interest as a key bridging and converging molecular link between insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction and, hence, represents an interesting drug target for diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. We reviewed here the role of ER stress in endothelial cell dysfunction, the primary step in the onset of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We specifically focused on the contribution of oxidative stress, insulin resistance, endothelial cell death, and cellular inflammation caused by ER stress in endothelial cell dysfunction and the process of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Maamoun
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbaseyya, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shahenda S Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Villalobos-Labra R, Subiabre M, Toledo F, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and development of insulin resistance in adipose, skeletal, liver, and foetoplacental tissue in diabesity. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 66:49-61. [PMID: 30472165 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabesity is an abnormal metabolic condition shown by patients with obesity that develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabesity present with insulin resistance, reduced vascular response to insulin, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Along with the several well-described mechanisms of insulin resistance, a state of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, where the primary human targets are the adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and the foetoplacental vasculature, is apparent. ER stress characterises by the activation of the unfolded protein response via three canonical ER stress sensors, i.e., the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6. Slightly different cell signalling mechanisms preferentially enable in diabesity in the ER stress-associated insulin resistance for adipose tissue (IRE1α/X-box binding protein 1 mRNA splicing/c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 activation), skeletal muscle (tribbles-like protein 3 (TRB3)/proinflammatory cytokines activation), and liver (PERK/activating transcription factor 4/TRB3 activation). There is no information in human subjects with diabesity in the foetoplacental vasculature. However, the available literature shows that pregnant women with pre-pregnancy obesity or overweight that develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their newborn show insulin resistance. ER stress is recently reported to be triggered in endothelial cells from the human umbilical vein from mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity. However, whether a different metabolic alteration to obesity in pregnancy or GDM is present in women with pre-pregnancy obesity that develop GDM, is unknown. In this review, we summarised the findings on diabesity-associated mechanisms of insulin resistance with emphasis in the primary targets adipose, skeletal muscle, liver, and foetoplacental tissues. We also give evidence on the possibility of a new GDM-associated metabolic condition triggered in pregnancy by maternal obesity, i.e. gestational diabesity, leading to ER stress-associated insulin resistance in the human foetoplacental vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile.
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, 3780000, Chile
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Center of Territorial Health Research (CIISTe), San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2172972, San Felipe, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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Bretón‐Romero R, Weisbrod RM, Feng B, Holbrook M, Ko D, Stathos MM, Zhang J, Fetterman JL, Hamburg NM. Liraglutide Treatment Reduces Endothelial Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Insulin Resistance in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009379. [PMID: 30371206 PMCID: PMC6222937 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Prior studies have shown that nutrient excess induces endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress in nonvascular tissues from patients with diabetes mellitus ( DM ). ER stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response may be protective, but sustained activation may drive vascular injury. Whether ER stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with DM remains unknown. Methods and Results To characterize vascular ER stress, we isolated endothelial cells from 42 patients with DM and 37 subjects without DM. Endothelial cells from patients with DM displayed higher levels of ER stress markers compared with controls without DM. Both the early adaptive response, evidenced by higher phosphorylated protein kinase-like ER eukaryotic initiation factor-2a kinase and inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signaling protein 1 ( P=0.02, P=0.007, respectively), and the chronic ER stress response evidenced by higher C/ EBP α-homologous protein ( P=0.02), were activated in patients with DM . Higher inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signaling protein 1 activation was associated with lower flow-mediated dilation, consistent with endothelial dysfunction ( r=0.53, P=0.02). Acute treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, reduced p-inositol-requiring ER-to-nucleus signaling protein 1 ( P=0.01), and the activation of its downstream target c-jun N-terminal kinase ( P=0.025) in endothelial cells from patients with DM . Furthermore, liraglutide restored insulin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in patients with DM ( P=0.019). Conclusions In summary, our data suggest that ER stress contributes to vascular insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in patients with DM . Further, we have demonstrated that liraglutide ameliorates ER stress, decreases c-jun N-terminal kinase activation and restores insulin-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in endothelial cells from patients with DM .
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bretón‐Romero
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Robert M. Weisbrod
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Bihua Feng
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Monika Holbrook
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Darae Ko
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Mary M. Stathos
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Ji‐Yao Zhang
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | | | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
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Villalobos-Labra R, Sáez PJ, Subiabre M, Silva L, Toledo F, Westermeier F, Pardo F, Farías M, Sobrevia L. Pre-pregnancy maternal obesity associates with endoplasmic reticulum stress in human umbilical vein endothelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3195-3210. [PMID: 30006153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Pregnant women with pre-pregnancy maternal obesity (PGMO) may transfer this potential risk to their offspring; however, whether ER stress occurs and associates with foetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in PGMO is unknown. We studied the l-arginine transport and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from women with PGMO or with a normal pre-pregnancy weight. We analysed the expression and activation of the ER stress sensors protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). PGMO associated with lower endothelial NO synthase activity due to increased Thr495-inhibitor and decreased Ser1177-stimulator phosphorylation. However, higher expression and activity of the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 was found. PGMO caused activation of PERK and its downstream targets eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), C/EBP homologous protein 10 (CHOP), and tribbles-like protein 3 (TRB3). Increased IRE1α protein abundance (but not its phosphorylation or X-box binding protein 1-mRNA splicing) and increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation was seen in PGMO. A preferential nuclear location of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) was found in HUVECs from PGMO. All the changes seen in PGMO were blocked by TUDCA but unaltered by tunicamycin. Thus, PGMO may determine a state of ER stress via upregulation of the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP-TRB3 axis signalling in HUVECs. This phenomenon results in foetoplacental vascular endothelial dysfunction at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences & Lettres Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700, RB, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- FH JOANNEUM Gesellschaft mbH University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Science, Eggenberger Allee 13, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabián Pardo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, Center of Research, Development and Innovation in Health - Aconcagua Valley, San Felipe Campus, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, San Felipe 2172972, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, a Driver or an Innocent Bystander in Endothelial Dysfunction Associated with Hypertension? Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 19:64. [PMID: 28717886 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension (htn) is a polygenic disorder that effects up to one third of the US population. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a homeostatic pathway that regulates membrane structure, protein folding, and secretory function. Emerging evidence suggests that ER stress may induce endothelial dysfunction; however, it is unclear whether ER stress-associated endothelial dysfunction modulates htn. RECENT FINDINGS Exogenous and endogenous molecules activate ER stress in the endothelium, and ER stress mediates some forms of neurogenic htn, such as angiotensin II-dependent htn. Human studies suggest that ER stress induces endothelial dysfunction, though direct evidence that ER stress augments blood pressure in humans is lacking. However, animal and cellular models demonstrate direct evidence that ER stress influences htn. ER stress is likely one of many players in a complex interplay among molecular pathways that influence the expression of htn. Targeted activation of specific ER stress pathways may provide novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Battson ML, Lee DM, Jarrell DK, Hou S, Ecton KE, Phan AB, Gentile CL. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Reduces Arterial Stiffness and Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:280-287. [DOI: 10.1159/000479967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Engin A. Human Protein Kinases and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:111-134. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Martinez de Marañon A, Veses S, Jover A, Gomez M, Rocha M, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. Metabolic syndrome enhances endoplasmic reticulum, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in PCOS. Metabolism 2017; 71:153-162. [PMID: 28521868 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions are related to PCOS. Our aim was to evaluate whether the presence of MetS in PCOS patients can influence endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective controlled study conducted in an academic medical center. The study population consisted of 148 PCOS women (116 without/32 with MetS) and 112 control subjects (87 without / 25 with MetS). Metabolic parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ER stress markers (GRP78, sXBP1, ATF6), leukocyte-endothelium interactions, adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-Selectin), TNF-α and IL-6 were determined. RESULTS Total ROS, inflammatory parameters and adhesion molecules were enhanced in the presence of MetS (p<0.05), and the PCOS+MetS group showed higher levels of IL-6 and ICAM-1 than controls (p<0.05). Increased adhesion and leukocyte rolling flux were observed in PCOS and PCOS+MetS groups vs their respective controls (p<0.05). GRP78 protein expression was higher in the PCOS groups (p<0.05 vs controls) and sXBP1 was associated with the presence of MetS (p<0.05 vs controls without MetS). Furthermore, PCOS+MetS patients exhibited higher GRP78 and ATF6 levels than controls and PCOS patients without MetS (p<0.05). In PCOS women, HOMA-IR was positively correlated with ICAM-1 (r=0.501; p<0.01), ROS (r=0.604; p<0.01), rolling flux (r=0.455;p<0.05) and GRP78 (r=0.574; p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis of an association between altered metabolic status, increased ROS production, ER stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in PCOS, all of which are related to vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Martinez de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Veses
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Gomez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Di Pietro N, Marcovecchio ML, Di Silvestre S, de Giorgis T, Cordone VGP, Lanuti P, Chiarelli F, Bologna G, Mohn A, Pandolfi A. Plasma from pre-pubertal obese children impairs insulin stimulated Nitric Oxide (NO) bioavailability in endothelial cells: Role of ER stress. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 443:52-62. [PMID: 28062198 PMCID: PMC5320395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is commonly associated with early signs of endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impairment of insulin signaling and vascular Nitric Oxide (NO) availability. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that endothelial insulin-stimulated NO production and availability was impaired and related to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured with plasma obtained from pre-pubertal obese (OB) children. OB children (N = 28, age: 8.8 ± 2.2; BMI z-score: 2.15 ± 0.39) showed impaired fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR than normal weight children (CTRL; N = 28, age: 8.8 ± 1.7; BMI z-score: 0.17 ± 0.96). The in vitro experiments showed that OB-plasma significantly impaired endothelial insulin-stimulated NO production and bioavailability compared to CTRL-plasma. In parallel, in HUVECs OB-plasma increased GRP78 and activated PERK, eIF2α, IkBα and ATF6 (all ER stress markers). Moreover, OB-plasma increased NF-κB activation and its nuclear translocation. Notably, all these effects proved to be significantly restored by using PBA and TUDCA, known ER stress inhibitors. Our study demonstrate for the first time that plasma from obese children is able to induce in vitro endothelial insulin resistance, which is characterized by reduced insulin-stimulated NO production and bioavailability, endothelial ER stress and increased NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
| | - M Loredana Marcovecchio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Tommaso de Giorgis
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giuseppe Pio Cordone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Angelika Mohn
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy; "G. d'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Battson ML, Lee DM, Gentile CL. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the development of endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 312:H355-H367. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00437.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis, and thus identifying the underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction has important clinical implications. In this regard, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has recently emerged as an important regulator of metabolic processes. Dysfunction within the ER, broadly termed ER stress, evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive pathway that aims to restore ER homeostasis. Although the UPR is the first line of defense against ER stress, chronic activation of the UPR leads to cell dysfunction and death and has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. Numerous risk factors for endothelial dysfunction can induce ER stress, which may in turn disrupt endothelial function via direct effects on endothelium-derived vasoactive substances or by activating other pathogenic cellular networks such as inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the available data linking ER stress to endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Battson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - D. M. Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - C. L. Gentile
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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22
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Safiedeen Z, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Vergori L, Soleti R, Vaithilingam D, Douma I, Agouni A, Leiber D, Dubois S, Simard G, Zibara K, Andriantsitohaina R, Martínez MC. Temporal Cross Talk Between Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Regulates Oxidative Stress and Mediates Microparticle-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:15-27. [PMID: 27392575 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Circulating microparticles (MPs) from metabolic syndrome patients and those generated from apoptotic T cells induce endothelial dysfunction; however, the molecular and cellular mechanism(s) underlying in the effects of MPs remain to be elucidated. RESULTS Here, we show that both types of MPs increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, X-box binding protein 1, p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α, and CHOP, and nuclear translocation of activating transcription factor 6 on human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs). MPs decreased in vitro nitric oxide release by HAoECs, whereas in vivo MP injection into mice impaired the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine. These effects were prevented when ER stress was inhibited, suggesting that ER stress is implicated in the endothelial effects induced by MPs. MPs affected mitochondrial function and evoked sequential increase of cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pharmacological inhibition of ER stress and silencing of neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase) with siRNA abrogated all MP-mediated effects. Neutralization of Fas ligand carried by MPs abolished effects induced by both MP types, whereas neutralization of low-density lipoprotein receptor on endothelial cells prevented T-lymphocyte MP-mediated effects. Innovation and Conclusion: Collectively, endothelial dysfunction triggered by MPs involves temporal cross talk between ER and mitochondria with respect to spatial regulation of ROS via the neutral SMase and interaction of MPs with Fas and/or low-density lipoprotein receptor. These results provide a novel molecular insight into the manner MPs mediate vascular dysfunction and allow identification of potential therapeutic targets to treat vascular complications associated with metabolic syndrome. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 15-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Safiedeen
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France .,2 ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Luisa Vergori
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Raffaella Soleti
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Dayannath Vaithilingam
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Imene Douma
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- 3 Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Leiber
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Séverine Dubois
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France .,4 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France .,4 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - Kazem Zibara
- 2 ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, DSST, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon .,5 Faculty of Sciences-I, Biology Department, Lebanese University , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France .,4 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers , Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- 1 INSERM U1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Institut de Biologie en Santé, Université d'Angers , Angers, France .,4 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers , Angers, France
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23
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Cimellaro A, Perticone M, Fiorentino TV, Sciacqua A, Hribal ML. Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in endothelial dysfunction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:863-871. [PMID: 27345757 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human disorders, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD recognizes endothelial dysfunction (ED) as its pathogenetic primum movens; interestingly a large body of evidence has identified the unchecked ER stress response as a main actor in vascular damage elicited by various cardio-metabolic risk factors. In the present Review, we summarize findings from experimental studies on the ER stress-related ED, focusing on the mechanisms underlying this association. DATA SYNTHESIS Different noxious agents, such as hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation, induce ED promoting an amplified ER stress response as demonstrated by several studies in animal models, as well as in human primary and immortalized endothelial cells. ER stress represents therefore a key mediator of vascular damage, operating in a setting of increased inflammatory burden and oxidative stress, thus contributing to foster a vicious pathogenic cycle. CONCLUSIONS Experimental studies summarized in this Review strongly suggest that an unchecked ER stress response plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ED and, consequently, CVD. Counteracting ER stress may thus represent a promising, even if largely unexplored as-yet, therapeutic approach aimed to prevent vascular damage, slowing the progression from ED to cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cimellaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - M Perticone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - T V Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - A Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - M L Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy.
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24
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Fu S, Yalcin A, Lee GY, Li P, Fan J, Arruda AP, Pers BM, Yilmaz M, Eguchi K, Hotamisligil GS. Phenotypic assays identify azoramide as a small-molecule modulator of the unfolded protein response with antidiabetic activity. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:292ra98. [PMID: 26084805 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa9134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a critical role in protein, lipid, and glucose metabolism as well as cellular calcium signaling and homeostasis. Perturbation of ER function and chronic ER stress are associated with many pathologies ranging from diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases to cancer and inflammation. Although ER targeting shows therapeutic promise in preclinical models of obesity and other pathologies, the available chemical entities generally lack the specificity and other pharmacological properties required for effective clinical translation. To overcome these challenges and identify new potential therapeutic candidates, we first designed and chemically and genetically validated two high-throughput functional screening systems that independently measure the free chaperone content and protein-folding capacity of the ER. With these quantitative platforms, we characterized a small-molecule compound, azoramide, that improves ER protein-folding ability and activates ER chaperone capacity to protect cells against ER stress in multiple systems. This compound also exhibited potent antidiabetic efficacy in two independent mouse models of obesity by improving insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β cell function. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of this functional, phenotypic assay platform for ER-targeted drug discovery and provide proof of principle for the notion that specific ER modulators can be potential drug candidates for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneng Fu
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abdullah Yalcin
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Grace Y Lee
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Fan
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana Paula Arruda
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benedicte M Pers
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kosei Eguchi
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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25
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Tampakakis E, Tabit CE, Holbrook M, Linder EA, Berk BD, Frame AA, Bretón‐Romero R, Fetterman JL, Gokce N, Vita JA, Hamburg NM. Intravenous Lipid Infusion Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Endothelial Cells and Blood Mononuclear Cells of Healthy Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e002574. [PMID: 26755554 PMCID: PMC4859375 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response may initially be protective, but when prolonged, have been implicated in atherogenesis in diabetic conditions. Triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in patients with diabetes and may contribute to ER stress. We sought to evaluate the effect of acute FFA elevation on ER stress in endothelial and circulating white cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-one healthy subjects were treated with intralipid (20%; 45 mL/h) plus heparin (12 U/kg/h) infusion for 5 hours. Along with increased triglyceride and FFA levels, intralipid/heparin infusion reduced the calf reactive hyperemic response without a change in conduit artery flow-mediated dilation consistent with microvascular dysfunction. To investigate the short-term effects of elevated triglycerides and FFA, we measured markers of ER stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and vascular endothelial cells (VECs). In VECs, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and phospho-inositol requiring kinase 1 (pIRE1) proteins were elevated after infusion (both P<0.05). In PBMCs, ATF6 and spliced X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP-1) gene expression increased by 2.0- and 2.5-fold, respectively (both P<0.05), whereas CHOP and GADD34 decreased by ≈67% and 74%, respectively (both P<0.01). ATF6 and pIRE1 protein levels also increased (both P<0.05), and confocal microscopy revealed the nuclear localization of ATF6 after infusion, suggesting activation. CONCLUSIONS Along with microvascular dysfunction, intralipid infusion induced an early protective ER stress response evidenced by activation of ATF6 and IRE1 in both leukocytes and endothelial cells. Our results suggest a potential link between metabolic disturbances and ER stress that may be relevant to vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMD
| | - Corey E. Tabit
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Monika Holbrook
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Erika A. Linder
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Brittany D. Berk
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Alissa A. Frame
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Rosa Bretón‐Romero
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Jessica L. Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Noyan Gokce
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Joseph A. Vita
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
| | - Naomi M. Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular InstituteBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA
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26
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Ilexgenin A inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via suppression of TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation in an AMPK dependent manner. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:101-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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Tallapragada DSP, Karpe PA, Tikoo K. Long-lasting partnership between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction: role of metabolic memory. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4012-23. [PMID: 25825057 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The persistence of deleterious effects of hyperglycaemia even after glucose normalization is referred to as 'metabolic memory'. However, similar persistent effects of the metabolic consequences of a high fat diet (HFD) have not been described. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were given a normal pellet diet (NPD) or a HFD for 3 months. The animals from the HFD group were then returned to the NPD to observe the long-term effects of insulin resistance. Endothelial dysfunction was assessed by carbachol-mediated vasorelaxation and eNOS phosphorylation. KEY RESULTS As expected, HFD consumption resulted in insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Phosphorylation of eNOS at S1177 was decreased in HFD rats, compared with that in the NPD group. Rats on 3 months of HFD showed glucose intolerance and impaired insulin sensitivity and were then switched back to NPD (REV group) . Levels of cholesterol and triglyceride, and adiposity returned to normal in REV rats. However, endothelium-dependent vascular responses to carbachol which were impaired in HFD rats, continued to be impaired in REV rats. Similarly, decreased eNOS phosphorylation after HFD was not improved after 1 or 6 months of REV. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data indicate that returning to NPD did not improve the insulin sensitivity or the endothelial dysfunction induced by HFD. Although some biochemical parameters responsible for insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction were normalized, molecular and vascular abnormalities, involving NO, persisted for several months, highlighting the long-lasting effects of metabolic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sri Priyanka Tallapragada
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Pinakin Arun Karpe
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
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28
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Santos-Parker JR, LaRocca TJ, Seals DR. Aerobic exercise and other healthy lifestyle factors that influence vascular aging. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2014; 38:296-307. [PMID: 25434012 PMCID: PMC4315444 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00088.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the United States and other modern societies. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD, primarily due to stiffening of the large elastic arteries and the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise protects against the development of large elastic artery stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction with advancing age. Moreover, aerobic exercise interventions reduce arterial stiffness and restore vascular endothelial function in previously sedentary middle-aged/older adults. Aerobic exercise exerts its beneficial effects on arterial function by modulating structural proteins, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and restoring nitric oxide bioavailability. Aerobic exercise may also promote "resistance" against factors that reduce vascular function and increase CVD risk with age. Preventing excessive increases in abdominal adiposity, following healthy dietary practices, maintaining a low CVD risk factor profile, and, possibly, selective use of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals also play a major role in preserving vascular function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Sáez PJ, Villalobos-Labra R, Westermeier F, Sobrevia L, Farías-Jofré M. Modulation of endothelial cell migration by ER stress and insulin resistance: a role during maternal obesity? Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:189. [PMID: 25191269 PMCID: PMC4137259 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse microenvironmental stimuli can trigger the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR), to restore protein-folding homeostasis. Several studies show induction of ER stress during obesity. Chronic UPR has been linked to different mechanisms of disease in obese and diabetic individuals, including insulin resistance (IR) and impaired angiogenesis. Endothelial cell (EC) migration is an initial step for angiogenesis, which is associated with remodeling of existing blood vessels. EC migration occurs according to the leader–follower model, involving coordinated processes of chemotaxis, haptotaxis, and mechanotaxis. Thus, a fine-tuning of EC migration is necessary to provide the right timing to form the required vessels during angiogenesis. ER stress modulates EC migration at different levels, usually impairing migration and angiogenesis, although different effects may be observed depending on the tissue and/or microenvironment. In the context of pregnancy, maternal obesity (MO) induces IR in the offspring. Interestingly, several proteins associated with obesity-induced IR are also involved in EC migration, providing a potential link with the ER stress-dependent alterations observed in obese individuals. Different signaling cascades that converge on cytoskeleton regulation directly impact EC migration, including the Akt and/or RhoA pathways. In addition, ER is the main intracellular reservoir for Ca2+, which plays a pivotal role during EC migration. Therefore, ER stress-related alterations in Ca2+ signaling or Ca2+ levels might also produce distorted EC migration. However, the above findings have been studied in the context of adult obesity, and no information has been reported regarding the effect of MO on fetal EC migration. Here we summarize the state of knowledge about the possible mechanisms by which ER stress and IR might impact EC migration and angiogenesis in fetal endothelium exposed to MO during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Sáez
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián Santiago, Chile ; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Herston, QL, Australia ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcelo Farías-Jofré
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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