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Patro-Małysza J, Trojnar M, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Mierzyński R, Bartosiewicz J, Oleszczuk J, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. FABP4 in Gestational Diabetes-Association between Mothers and Offspring. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030285. [PMID: 30818771 PMCID: PMC6462903 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetuses exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a higher risk of abnormal glucose homeostasis in later life. The molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are still not fully understood. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) appears to be one of the most probable candidates involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. The main aim of the study was to investigate whether umbilical cord serum FABP4 concentrations are altered in term neonates born to GDM mothers. Two groups of subjects were selected—28 healthy controls and 26 patients with GDM. FABP4, leptin, and ghrelin concentrations in the umbilical cord serum, maternal serum, and maternal urine were determined via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The umbilical cord serum FABP4 levels were higher in the GDM offspring and were directly associated with the maternal serum FABP4 and leptin levels, as well as the prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the BMI at and after delivery; however, they correlated negatively with birth weight and lipid parameters. In the multiple linear regression models, the umbilical cord serum FABP4 concentrations depended positively on the maternal serum FABP4 and negatively on the umbilical cord serum ghrelin levels and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. There are many maternal variables that can affect the level of FABP4 in the umbilical cord serum, thus, their evaluation requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Patro-Małysza
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marcin Trojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Radzisław Mierzyński
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Bartosiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jan Oleszczuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
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La Frano MR, Fahrmann JF, Grapov D, Pedersen TL, Newman JW, Fiehn O, Underwood MA, Mestan K, Steinhorn RH, Wedgwood S. Umbilical cord blood metabolomics reveal distinct signatures of dyslipidemia prior to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L870-L881. [PMID: 30113229 PMCID: PMC6295510 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00283.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common consequence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and remains a primary contributor to increased morbidity and mortality among preterm infants. Unfortunately, at the present time, there are no reliable early predictive markers for BPD-associated PH. Considering its health consequences, understanding in utero perturbations that lead to the development of BPD and BPD-associated PH and identifying early predictive markers is of utmost importance. As part of the discovery phase, we applied a multiplatform metabolomics approach consisting of untargeted and targeted methodologies to screen for metabolic perturbations in umbilical cord blood (UCB) plasma from preterm infants that did ( n = 21; cases) or did not ( n = 21; controls) develop subsequent PH. A total of 1,656 features were detected, of which 407 were annotated by metabolite structures. PH-associated metabolic perturbations were characterized by reductions in major choline-containing phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, indicating altered lipid metabolism. The reduction in UCB abundances of major choline-containing phospholipids was confirmed in an independent validation cohort consisting of UCB plasmas from 10 cases and 10 controls matched for gestational age and BPD status. Subanalyses in the discovery cohort indicated that elevations in the oxylipins PGE1, PGE2, PGF2a, 9- and 13-HOTE, 9- and 13-HODE, and 9- and 13-KODE were positively associated with BPD presence and severity. This expansive evaluation of cord blood plasma identifies compounds reflecting dyslipidemia and suggests altered metabolite provision associated with metabolic immaturity that differentiate subjects, both by BPD severity and PH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R La Frano
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis Genome Center, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Johannes F Fahrmann
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis Genome Center, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, Texas
| | | | - Theresa L Pedersen
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center , Davis, California
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis Genome Center, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, University of California , Davis, California
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center , Davis, California
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis Genome Center, University of California , Davis, California
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi-Arabia
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
| | - Karen Mestan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin H Steinhorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Stephen Wedgwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
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Phang M, Skilton MR. Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Complications of Pregnancy and Maternal Risk Factors for Offspring Cardio-Metabolic Disease. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050138. [PMID: 29695082 PMCID: PMC5983270 DOI: 10.3390/md16050138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are important nutrients during periods of rapid growth and development in utero and infancy. Maternal health and risk factors play a crucial role in birth outcomes and subsequently offspring cardio-metabolic health. Evidence from observational studies and randomized trials have suggested a potential association of maternal intake of marine n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy with pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, there is inconsistency in the literature on whether marine n-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy can prevent maternal complications of pregnancy. This narrative literature review summarizes recent evidence on observational and clinical trials of marine n-3 PUFA intake on maternal risk factors and effects on offspring cardio-metabolic health. The current evidence generally does not support a role of maternal n-3 PUFA supplementation in altering the incidence of gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, or pre-eclampsia. It may be that benefits from marine n-3 PUFA supplementation are more pronounced in high-risk populations, such as women with a history of complications of pregnancy, or women with low marine n-3 PUFA intake. Discrepancies between studies may be related to differences in study design, dosage, fatty acid interplay, and length of treatment. Further prospective double-blind studies are needed to clarify the impact of long-chain marine n-3 PUFAs on risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Phang
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia.
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia.
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Predazzi IM, Sobota RS, Sanna S, Bush WS, Bartlett J, Lilley JS, Linton MF, Schlessinger D, Cucca F, Fazio S, Williams SM. Sex-Specific Parental Effects on Offspring Lipid Levels. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.001951. [PMID: 26126546 PMCID: PMC4608079 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Plasma lipid levels are highly heritable traits, but known genetic loci can only explain a small portion of their heritability. Methods and Results In this study, we analyzed the role of parental levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs) in explaining the values of the corresponding traits in adult offspring. We also evaluated the contribution of nongenetic factors that influence lipid traits (age, body mass index, smoking, medications, and menopause) alone and in combination with variability at the genetic loci known to associate with TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels. We performed comparisons among different sex-specific regression models in 416 families from the Framingham Heart Study and 304 from the SardiNIA cohort. Models including parental lipid levels explain significantly more of the trait variation than models without these measures, explaining up to ≈39% of the total trait variation. Of this variation, the parent-of-origin effect explains as much as ≈15% and it does so in a sex-specific way. This observation is not owing to shared environment, given that spouse-pair correlations were negligible (<1.5% explained variation in all cases) and is distinct from previous genetic and acquired factors that are known to influence serum lipid levels. Conclusions These findings support the concept that unknown genetic and epigenetic contributors are responsible for most of the heritable component of the plasma lipid phenotype, and that, at present, the clinical utility of knowing age-matched parental lipid levels in assessing risk of dyslipidemia supersedes individual locus effects. Our results support the clinical utility of knowing parental lipid levels in assessing future risk of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Predazzi
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (I.M.P., J.S.L., M.R.F.L., S.F.) Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR (I.M.P., S.F.)
| | - Rafal S Sobota
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (R.S.S., W.S.B.) Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (R.S.S., J.B., S.M.W.)
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy (S.S., F.C.)
| | - William S Bush
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (R.S.S., W.S.B.) Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (W.S.B.)
| | - Jacquelaine Bartlett
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (R.S.S., J.B., S.M.W.)
| | - Jessica S Lilley
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (I.M.P., J.S.L., M.R.F.L., S.F.) Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS (J.S.L.)
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (I.M.P., J.S.L., M.R.F.L., S.F.)
| | | | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy (S.S., F.C.)
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (I.M.P., J.S.L., M.R.F.L., S.F.) Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR (I.M.P., S.F.)
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (R.S.S., J.B., S.M.W.)
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Bernhard W, Raith M, Koch V, Kunze R, Maas C, Abele H, Poets CF, Franz AR. Plasma phospholipids indicate impaired fatty acid homeostasis in preterm infants. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1533-47. [PMID: 24464176 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During fetal development, docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) are particularly enriched in brain phospholipids. After preterm delivery, fetal enrichment of DHA and ARA via placental transfer is replaced by enteral and parenteral nutrition, which is rich in linoleic acid (LA) instead. Specific DHA and ARA enrichment of lipoproteins is reflected by plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, whereas plasma phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) composition reflects hepatic stores. OBJECTIVE We profiled PC and PE species in preterm infant plasma, compared with cord and maternal blood, to assess whether current feeding practice meets fetal conditions in these patients. DESIGN Preterm infant plasma (N = 171, 23-35 w postmenstrual age (PMA), postnatal day 1-103), cord plasma (N = 194) and maternal serum (N = 121) (both 24-41 w PMA) were collected. After lipid extraction, PC and PE molecular species were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Phospholipid concentrations were higher in preterm infant than in cord plasma after correction for PMA. This was mainly due to postnatal increases in LA-containing PC and PE, resulting in decreased fractions of their DHA- and ARA-containing counterparts. These changes in preterm infant plasma phospholipids occurred during the time of transition to full enteral feeds (day 0-10 after delivery). Thereafter, the fraction of ARA-containing phospholipids further decreased, whereas that of DHA slowly reincreased but remained at a level 50% of that of PMA-matched cord blood. CONCLUSIONS The postnatal increase in LA-PC in preterm infant plasma results in decreased fractions of DHA-PC and ARA-PC. These changes are also reflected by PE molecular composition as an indicator of altered hepatic fatty acid homeostasis. They are presumably caused by inadequately high LA, and low ARA and DHA supply, at a stage of development when ARA-PC and DHA-PC should be high, probably reducing the availability of DHA and ARA to the developing brain and contributing to impaired neurodevelopment of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bernhard
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Calwer Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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La Torre D, Seppänen-Laakso T, Larsson HE, Hyötyläinen T, Ivarsson SA, Lernmark Å, Orešič M. Decreased cord-blood phospholipids in young age-at-onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:3951-6. [PMID: 23929934 PMCID: PMC3806611 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Children developing type 1 diabetes may have risk markers already in their umbilical cord blood. It is hypothesized that the risk for type 1 diabetes at an early age may be increased by a pathogenic pregnancy and be reflected in altered cord-blood composition. This study used metabolomics to test if the cord-blood lipidome was affected in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 8 years of age. The present case-control study of 76 index children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 8 years of age and 76 healthy control subjects matched for HLA risk, sex, and date of birth, as well as the mother's age and gestational age, revealed that cord-blood phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were significantly decreased in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 4 years of age. Reduced levels of triglycerides correlated to gestational age in index and control children and to age at diagnosis only in the index children. Finally, gestational infection during the first trimester was associated with lower cord-blood total lysophosphatidylcholines in index and control children. In conclusion, metabolomics of umbilical cord blood may identify children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes. Low phospholipid levels at birth may represent key mediators of the immune system and contribute to early induction of islet autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria La Torre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Corresponding author: Daria La Torre, or
| | | | - Helena E. Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Sten A. Ivarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
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Scifres CM, Chen B, Nelson DM, Sadovsky Y. Fatty acid binding protein 4 regulates intracellular lipid accumulation in human trophoblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1083-91. [PMID: 21525163 PMCID: PMC3135200 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-2084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes (GDM), or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with altered lipid metabolism and fetal overgrowth. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia regulate lipid content and expression of lipid-trafficking proteins in human placental trophoblasts. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant women were prospectively enrolled for clinical specimens collection, and cultured human trophoblasts were used for experiments. SETTING This was a translational study conducted at an academic biomedical research center. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Normal weight, obese, or obese with gestational diabetes or type 2 diabetes pregnant women (n = 10 in each group) undergoing scheduled cesarean delivery at term were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS Cultured primary human trophoblasts, exposed to insulin (10 nM) and/or fatty acids mix (1200 μM) in the absence or presence of an fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitor or after small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of FABP4. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum lipid levels were analyzed in the maternal venous and fetal cord blood. Placental biopsies and cultured trophoblasts were analyzed for FABP expression and lipid accumulation. RESULTS Obese diabetic women and their fetuses had elevated serum triglyceride levels. Nonesterified fatty acids were elevated and triglycerides were reduced in placental villi from obese diabetic women, and this was accompanied by a 2.6-fold increase in FABP4 expression (P < 0.05). In primary human trophoblasts, fatty acids markedly increased the expression of FABP4 (20- to 40-fold, P < 0.05) and cellular triglyceride content (4-fold, P < 0.05), and this effect was attenuated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of FABP4 or the selective FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403. CONCLUSIONS Hyperlipidemia alters lipid content and increases the expression of FABP4 in trophoblasts. The reduced triglyceride content after FABP4 inhibition suggests that FABP4 is essential for trophoblast lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Scifres
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Programming of growth, insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in offspring of late gestation diabetic rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009; 117:129-38. [PMID: 19203348 DOI: 10.1042/cs20080550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ODM (offspring of diabetic mothers) have an increased risk of developing metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction; however, few studies have focused on the susceptibility to disease in offspring of mothers developing diabetes during pregnancy. We developed an animal model of late gestation diabetic pregnancy and characterized metabolic and vascular function in the offspring. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneally) in pregnant rats on gestational day 13 and was partially controlled by twice-daily injections of insulin. At 2 months of age, ODM had slightly better glucose tolerance than controls (P<0.05); however, by 6 months of age this trend had reversed. A euglycaemic-hyperinsulinamic clamp revealed insulin resistance in male ODM (P<0.05). In 6-8-month-old female ODM, aortas had significantly enhanced contractility in response to KCl, ET-1 (endothelin-1) and NA (noradrenaline). No differences in responses to ET-1 and NA were apparent with co-administration of L-NNA (NG-nitro-L-arginine). Relaxation in response to ACh (acetylcholine), but not SNP (sodium nitroprusside), was significantly impaired in female ODM. In contrast, males had no between-group differences in response to vasoconstrictors, whereas relaxation to SNP and ACh was greater in ODM compared with control animals. Thus the development of diabetes during pregnancy programmes gender-specific insulin resistance and vascular dysfunction in adult offspring.
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Evagelidou EN, Kiortsis DN, Bairaktari ET, Giapros VI, Cholevas VK, Tzallas CS, Andronikou SK. Lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and obesity-anthropometric markers in macrosomic offspring of nondiabetic mothers. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1197-201. [PMID: 16731995 DOI: 10.2337/dc05-2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was to determine whether being the macrosomic offspring of a mother without detected glucose intolerance during pregnancy has an impact on lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure during childhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; apolipoprotein (Apo) A-1, -B, and -E; lipoprotein (a); fasting glucose and insulin; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index; blood pressure; BMI; and detailed anthropometry were evaluated in 85 children aged 3-10 years old, born appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 48) and large for gestational age (LGA; n = 37) of healthy mothers. RESULTS At the time of the assessment, body weight, height, skinfold thickness, BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure did not differ between the LGA and AGA groups with the exception of head circumference (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in plasma total or LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; Apo A-1, -B, or -E; lipoprotein (a); Apo B-to-Apo A-1 ratio; or glucose levels between the groups. The LGA group had significantly higher HDL cholesterol levels (P < 0.01), fasting insulin levels (P < 0.01), and HOMA-IR index (P < 0.01) but lower values of the glucose-to-insulin ratio (P < 0.01) as compared with the AGA group. CONCLUSIONS Children born LGA of mothers without confirmed impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy show higher insulin concentrations than AGAs.
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Merzouk H, Bouchenak M, Loukidi B, Madani S, Prost J, Belleville J. Fetal macrosomia related to maternal poorly controlled type 1 diabetes strongly impairs serum lipoprotein concentrations and composition. J Clin Pathol 2000; 53:917-23. [PMID: 11265176 PMCID: PMC1731132 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.53.12.917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effects of fetal macrosomia related to maternal type 1 diabetes on the lipid transport system. METHODS Serum lipoprotein concentrations and composition and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity were investigated in macrosomic newborns (mean birth weight, 4650 g; SEM, 90) and their mothers with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, in appropriate for gestational age newborns (mean birth weight, 3616 g; SEM, 68) and their mothers with well controlled type 1 diabetes, and macrosomic (mean birth weight, 4555 g; SEM, 86) or appropriate for gestational age (mean birth weight, 3290 g; SEM, 45) newborns and their healthy mothers. RESULTS In mothers with well controlled type 1 diabetes, serum lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoproteins were comparable with those of healthy mothers. Similarly, in their infants, these parameters did not differ from those of appropriate for gestational age newborns. Serum triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), apolipoprotein B100 (apo B100), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglyceride concentrations were higher, whereas serum apo A-I and HDL3 concentrations were lower in mothers with diabetes and poor glycaemic control than in healthy mothers. Their macrosomic newborns had higher concentrations in all serum lipids and lipoproteins, with high apo A-I and apo B100 values compared with appropriate for gestational age newborns. In macrosomic infants of healthy mothers, there were no significant differences in lipoprotein profiles compared with those of appropriate for gestational age infants. LCAT activity was similar in both groups of mothers and newborns. CONCLUSION Poorly controlled maternal type 1 diabetes and fetal macrosomia were associated with lipoprotein abnormalities. Macrosomic lipoprotein profiles related to poor metabolic control of type 1 diabetes appear to have implications for later metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Merzouk
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000 Algerie
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