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Abbas MA, Al-Kabariti AY, Sutton C. Comprehensive understanding of the role of GPER in estrogen receptor-alpha negative breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106523. [PMID: 38636681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a prominent role in facilitating the rapid, non-genomic signaling of estrogens in breast cancer cells. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the role of GPER in ER-ɑ-negative breast cancer is provided. Activation of GPER affected proliferation, metastasis and epithelial mesenchymal transition in ER-ɑ negative breast cancer cells. Clinical studies have demonstrated that GPER positivity was strongly correlated with larger tumor size and advanced clinical stage, suggesting that GPER/ERK signaling may play a role in promoting tumor progression. Strong evidence existed that environmental contaminants like bisphenol A have a carcinogenic potential mediated by GPER activation. The complexity of the cross talk between GPER and other receptors including ER-β, ER-α36, Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) and androgen receptor has been discussed. The potential utility of small molecules and phytoestrogens targeting GPER, adds valuable insights into its therapeutic potential. This review holds promises in advancing our understanding of GPER role in ER-ɑ-negative breast cancer. Overall, the consequences of GPER activation are still an area of active research and the implication are not entirely clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Aya Y Al-Kabariti
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
| | - Chris Sutton
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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2
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Liu H, Guo S, Dai A, Xu P, Li X, Huang S, He X, Wu K, Zhang X, Yang D, Xie X, Xu HE. Structural and functional evidence that GPR30 is not a direct estrogen receptor. Cell Res 2024; 34:530-533. [PMID: 38744981 PMCID: PMC11217264 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-024-00963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Antao Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sijie Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinheng He
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- The Shanghai Advanced Electron Microscope Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Tutzauer J, Serafin DS, Schmidt T, Olde B, Caron KM, Leeb-Lundberg LMF. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)/GPR30 forms a complex with the β 1-adrenergic receptor, a membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffold protein, and protein kinase A anchoring protein (AKAP) 5 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109882. [PMID: 38211639 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), also named G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), and the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) that are implicated in breast cancer progression. Both receptors contain PSD-95/Discs-large/ZO-1 homology (PDZ) motifs in their C-terminal tails through which they interact in the plasma membrane with membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffold proteins, and in turn protein kinase A anchoring protein (AKAP) 5. GPR30 constitutively and PDZ-dependently inhibits β1AR-mediated cAMP production. We hypothesized that this inhibition is a consequence of a plasma membrane complex of these receptors. Using co-immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), we show that GPR30 and β1AR reside in close proximity in a plasma membrane complex when transiently expressed in HEK293. Deleting the GPR30 C-terminal PDZ motif (-SSAV) does not interfere with the receptor complex, indicating that the complex is not PDZ-dependent. MCF7 breast cancer cells express GPR30, β1AR, MAGUKs, and AKAP5 in the plasma membrane, and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that these proteins exist in close proximity also under native conditions. Furthermore, expression of GPR30 in MCF7 cells constitutively and PDZ-dependently inhibits β1AR-mediated cAMP production. AKAP5 also inhibits β1AR-mediated cAMP production, which is not additive with GPR30-promoted inhibition. These results argue that GPR30 and β1AR form a PDZ-independent complex in MCF7 cells through which GPR30 constitutively and PDZ-dependently inhibits β1AR signaling via receptor interaction with MAGUKs and AKAP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tutzauer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - D Stephen Serafin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Olde
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Adewumi AT, Mosebi S. Characteristic Binding Landscape of Estrogen Receptor-α36 Protein Enhances Promising Cancer Drug Design. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1798. [PMID: 38136668 PMCID: PMC10741999 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common cancer among women worldwide, and estrogen receptor-α expression is a critical diagnostic factor for BC. Estrogen receptor (ER-α36) is a dominant-negative effector of ER-α66-mediated estrogen-responsive gene pathways. ER-α36 is a novel target that mediates the non-genomic estrogen signaling pathway. However, the crystallized structure of ER-α36 remains unavailable for molecular studies. ER-positive and triple-negative BC tumors aggressively resist the FDA-approved drugs; therefore, highly potent structure-based inhibitors with preeminent benefits over toxicity will preferably replace the current BC treatment. Broussoflanol B (BFB), a B. papyrifera bark compound, exhibits potent growth inhibitory activity in ER-negative BC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. For the first time, we unravel the comparative dynamic events of the enzymes' structures and the binding mechanisms of BFB when bound to the ER-α36 and ER-α66 ligand-binding domain using an all-atom molecular dynamics simulations approach and MM/PBSA-binding-free energy calculations. The dynamic findings have revealed that ER-α36 and ER-α66 LBD undergo timescale "coiling", opening and closing conformations favoring the high-affinity BFB-bound ER-α36 (ΔG = -52.57 kcal/mol) compared to the BFB-bound ER-α66 (ΔG = -42.41 kcal/mol). Moreover, the unbound (1.260 Å) and bound ER-α36 (1.182 Å) exhibit the highest flexibilities and atomistic motions relative to the ER-α66 systems. The RMSF (Å) of the unbound ER-α36 and ER-α66 exhibit lesser stabilities than the BFB-bound systems, resulting in higher structural flexibilities and atomistic motions than the bound variants. These findings present a model that describes the mechanisms by which the BFB compound induces downregulation-accompanied cell cycle arrest at the Gap0 and Gap1 phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salerwe Mosebi
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X06, Florida 1710, South Africa;
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Ahmadian Elmi M, Motamed N, Picard D. Proteomic Analyses of the G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor GPER1 Reveal Constitutive Links to Endoplasmic Reticulum, Glycosylation, Trafficking, and Calcium Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2571. [PMID: 37947649 PMCID: PMC10650109 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) has been proposed to mediate rapid responses to the steroid hormone estrogen. However, despite a strong interest in its potential role in cancer, whether it is indeed activated by estrogen and how this works remain controversial. To provide new tools to address these questions, we set out to determine the interactome of exogenously expressed GPER1. The combination of two orthogonal methods, namely APEX2-mediated proximity labeling and immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry, gave us high-confidence results for 73 novel potential GPER1 interactors. We found that this GPER1 interactome is not affected by estrogen, a result that mirrors the constitutive activity of GPER1 in a functional assay with a Rac1 sensor. We specifically validated several hits highlighted by a gene ontology analysis. We demonstrate that CLPTM1 interacts with GPER1 and that PRKCSH and GANAB, the regulatory and catalytic subunits of α-glucosidase II, respectively, associate with CLPTM1 and potentially indirectly with GPER1. An imbalance in CLPTM1 levels induces nuclear association of GPER1, as does the overexpression of PRKCSH. Moreover, we show that the Ca2+ sensor STIM1 interacts with GPER1 and that upon STIM1 overexpression and depletion of Ca2+ stores, GPER1 becomes more nuclear. Thus, these new GPER1 interactors establish interesting connections with membrane protein maturation, trafficking, and calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadian Elmi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Nasrin Motamed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Didier Picard
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Genève, Sciences III, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
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Wong KY, Kong TH, Poon CCW, Yu W, Zhou L, Wong MS. Icariin, a phytoestrogen, exerts rapid estrogenic actions through crosstalk of estrogen receptors in osteoblasts. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4706-4721. [PMID: 37421324 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Icariin, a flavonoid glycoside derived from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim, exerts bone protective effects via estrogen receptors (ERs). This study aimed to investigate the role of ER-α66, ER-α36, and GPER in bone metabolism in osteoblasts following treatment with icariin. Human osteoblastic MG-63 cells and osteoblast-specific ER-α66 knockout mice were employed. The ERs crosstalk in the estrogenic action of icariin was evaluated in ER-α66-negative human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. Icariin, like E2, regulated ER-α36 and GPER protein expression in osteoblasts by downregulating them and upregulating ER-α66. ER-α36 and GPER suppressed the actions of icariin and E2 in bone metabolism. However, the in vivo administration of E2 (2 mg/kg/day) or icariin (300 mg/kg/day) restored bone conditions in KO osteoblasts. ER-α36 and GPER expression increased significantly and rapidly activated and translocated in KO osteoblasts after treatment with E2 or icariin. ER-α36 overexpression in KO osteoblasts further promoted the OPG/RANKL ratio induced by E2 or icariin treatment. This study showed icariin and E2 elicit rapid estrogenic responses in bone through recruiting ER-α66, ER-α36, and GPER. Notably, in osteoblasts lacking ER-α66, ER-α36, and GPER mediate the estrogenic effects of icariin and E2, while in intact osteoblasts, ER-α36 and GPER act as negative regulators of ER-α66.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ying Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsz-Hung Kong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Christina Chui-Wa Poon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Sau Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhu J, Zhou Y, Jin B, Shu J. Role of estrogen in the regulation of central and peripheral energy homeostasis: from a menopausal perspective. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2023; 14:20420188231199359. [PMID: 37719789 PMCID: PMC10504839 DOI: 10.1177/20420188231199359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a prominent role in regulating and coordinating energy homeostasis throughout the growth, development, reproduction, and aging of women. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are widely expressed in the brain and nearly all tissues of the body. Within the brain, central estrogen via ER regulates appetite and energy expenditure and maintains cell glucose metabolism, including glucose transport, aerobic glycolysis, and mitochondrial function. In the whole body, estrogen has shown beneficial effects on weight control, fat distribution, glucose and insulin resistance, and adipokine secretion. As demonstrated by multiple in vitro and in vivo studies, menopause-related decline of circulating estrogen may induce the disturbance of metabolic signals and a significant decrease in bioenergetics, which could trigger an increased incidence of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women. In this article, we have systematically reviewed the role of estrogen and ERs in body composition and lipid/glucose profile variation occurring with menopause, which may provide a better insight into the efficacy of hormone therapy in maintaining energy metabolic homeostasis and hold a clue for development of novel therapeutic approaches for target tissue diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yier Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bihui Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Shu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
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8
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SenthilKumar G, Katunaric B, Bordas-Murphy H, Sarvaideo J, Freed JK. Estrogen and the Vascular Endothelium: The Unanswered Questions. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad079. [PMID: 37207450 PMCID: PMC10230790 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Premenopausal women have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with their age-matched male counterparts; however, this discrepancy is abolished following the transition to menopause or during low estrogen states. This, combined with a large amount of basic and preclinical data indicating that estrogen is vasculoprotective, supports the concept that hormone therapy could improve cardiovascular health. However, clinical outcomes in individuals undergoing estrogen treatment have been highly variable, challenging the current paradigm regarding the role of estrogen in the fight against heart disease. Increased risk for CVD correlates with long-term oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy in older, postmenopausal cisgender females, and gender affirmation treatment for transgender females. Vascular endothelial dysfunction serves as a nidus for the development of many cardiovascular diseases and is highly predictive of future CVD risk. Despite preclinical studies indicating that estrogen promotes a quiescent, functional endothelium, it still remains unclear why these observations do not translate to improved CVD outcomes. The goal of this review is to explore our current understanding of the effect of estrogen on the vasculature, with a focus on endothelial health. Following a discussion regarding the influence of estrogen on large and small artery function, critical knowledge gaps are identified. Finally, novel mechanisms and hypotheses are presented that may explain the lack of cardiovascular benefit in unique patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Boran Katunaric
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Henry Bordas-Murphy
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
| | - Jenna Sarvaideo
- Divison of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Julie K Freed
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cardiovasular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA
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9
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Pan X, Song Z, Cui Y, Qi M, Wu G, Wang M. Enhancement of Sensitivity to Tamoxifen by Berberine in Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting ER-α36 Expression. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e126919. [PMID: 36060924 PMCID: PMC9420211 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-126919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid purified from Chinese herbs, was verified to have antitumor effects. It has also been reported that berberine can enhance the anticancer effect of tamoxifen (TAM) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells; however, the involved underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, the role of one variant of ER-α, ER-α36, in the TAM sensitizing effect of berberine was explored in TAM-resistant breast cancer cells. This study demonstrated that berberine potently sensitized TAM-resistant breast cancer cells, including TAM-resistant MCF7 and BT-474 cells, to TAM treatment. Additionally, this study showed that berberine could simultaneously suppress ER-α36 expression in TAM-resistant cells. However, when ER-α36 was knocked down in TAM-resistant cells, there was no significant TAM-sensitizing effect by berberine. Therefore, this study indicated that ER-α36 is involved in berberine's TAM-sensitizing effect on ER-positive breast cancer cells, which provided supporting data for the application of berberine in cancer therapy as an adjuvant agent for TAM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Cui
- University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
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10
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lange CA, Levin ER. Membrane-Initiated Estrogen, Androgen, and Progesterone Receptor Signaling in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:720-742. [PMID: 34791092 PMCID: PMC9277649 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rapid effects of steroid hormones were discovered in the early 1950s, but the subject was dominated in the 1970s by discoveries of estradiol and progesterone stimulating protein synthesis. This led to the paradigm that steroid hormones regulate growth, differentiation, and metabolism via binding a receptor in the nucleus. It took 30 years to appreciate not only that some cellular functions arise solely from membrane-localized steroid receptor (SR) actions, but that rapid sex steroid signaling from membrane-localized SRs is a prerequisite for the phosphorylation, nuclear import, and potentiation of the transcriptional activity of nuclear SR counterparts. Here, we provide a review and update on the current state of knowledge of membrane-initiated estrogen (ER), androgen (AR) and progesterone (PR) receptor signaling, the mechanisms of membrane-associated SR potentiation of their nuclear SR homologues, and the importance of this membrane-nuclear SR collaboration in physiology and disease. We also highlight potential clinical implications of pathway-selective modulation of membrane-associated SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology & Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
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11
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Kettelhut A, Bowman E, Gabriel J, Hand B, Liyanage NPM, Kulkarni M, Avila-Soto F, Lake JE, Funderburg NT. Estrogen May Enhance Toll-Like Receptor 4-Induced Inflammatory Pathways in People With HIV: Implications for Transgender Women on Hormone Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879600. [PMID: 35720418 PMCID: PMC9205606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transgender women (TW) are at increased risk for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV has been associated with a two-fold increased risk of CVD, potentially due to dysregulated Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced immune activation. Use of estrogens in feminizing hormone therapy (FHT) may enhance inflammatory responses and the risk of cardiovascular mortality in TW. Despite this, the immunomodulatory effects of estrogen use in TW with HIV have been inadequately explored. Methods As an in vitro model for FHT, cryopreserved PBMCs (cryoPBMCs) from HIV negative (HIV-), HIV+ ART-suppressed (HIV+SP), and HIV+ ART-unsuppressed (HIV+USP) cisgender men were cultured overnight in the presence of 17-β estradiol or 17-α ethinylestradiol with and without the TLR4 agonist LPS or the TLR8 agonist ssPolyU. Monocyte activation (CD69, HLA-DR, CD38) was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytokine levels (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10) were measured in cell culture supernatants by Legendplex. Levels of phosphorylated TLR signaling molecules (JNK, MAPK p38) were assessed by Phosflow. Plasma levels of immune activation biomarkers (LPS-binding protein, monocyte activation markers sCD14 and sCD163, and inflammatory molecules IL-6 and TNF-α receptor I) were measured by ELISA. Results PBMCs from people with HIV (PWH) produced greater levels of inflammatory cytokines following exposure to LPS or ssPolyU compared to levels from cells of HIV- individuals. While estrogen exposure alone induced mild changes in immune activation, LPS-induced TLR4 activation was elevated with estrogen in cisgender men (CM) with HIV, increasing monocyte activation and inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α). Interestingly, testosterone inhibited LPS-induced cytokine production in CM regardless of HIV status. Plasma markers of immune activation and microbial translocation (e.g., sCD14, sCD163, LPS-binding protein) were generally higher in PWH compared to HIV- CM, and these markers were positively associated with in vitro responsiveness to estrogen and LPS in CM with HIV. Conclusions Our in vitro data suggest that estrogen exposure may enhance innate immune activation in PWH. Further examination is needed to fully understand the complex interactions of FHT, HIV, and CVD in TW, and determine optimal FHT regimens or supplementary treatments aimed at reducing excess immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaren Kettelhut
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Emily Bowman
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Brittany Hand
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Namal P. M. Liyanage
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Frances Avila-Soto
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan E. Lake
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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12
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Babiloni-Chust I, Dos Santos RS, Medina-Gali RM, Perez-Serna AA, Encinar JA, Martinez-Pinna J, Gustafsson JA, Marroqui L, Nadal A. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor activation by bisphenol-A disrupts the protection from apoptosis conferred by the estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ in pancreatic beta cells. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107250. [PMID: 35461094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
17β-estradiol protects pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis via the estrogen receptors ERα, ERβ and GPER. Conversely, the endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A (BPA), which exerts multiple effects in this cell type via the same estrogen receptors, increased basal apoptosis. The molecular-initiated events that trigger these opposite actions have yet to be identified. We demonstrated that combined genetic downregulation and pharmacological blockade of each estrogen receptor increased apoptosis to a different extent. The increase in apoptosis induced by BPA was diminished by the pharmacological blockade or the genetic silencing of GPER, and it was partially reproduced by the GPER agonist G1. BPA and G1-induced apoptosis were abolished upon pharmacological inhibition, silencing of ERα and ERβ, or in dispersed islet cells from ERβ knockout (BERKO) mice. However, the ERα and ERβ agonists PPT and DPN, respectively, had no effect on beta cell viability. To exert their biological actions, ERα and ERβ form homodimers and heterodimers. Molecular dynamics simulations together with proximity ligand assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that the interaction of BPA with ERα and ERβ as well as GPER activation by G1 decreased ERαβ heterodimers. We propose that ERαβ heterodimers play an antiapoptotic role in beta cells and that BPA- and G1-induced decreases in ERαβ heterodimers lead to beta cell apoptosis. Unveiling how different estrogenic chemicals affect the crosstalk among estrogen receptors should help to identify diabetogenic endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Babiloni-Chust
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Reinaldo S Dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Regla M Medina-Gali
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Atenea A Perez-Serna
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - José-Antonio Encinar
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Juan Martinez-Pinna
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jan-Ake Gustafsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Marroqui
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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13
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Bhari N, Schwaertz RA, Apalla Z, Salerni G, Akay BN, Patil A, Grabbe S, Goldust M. Effect of estrogen in malignant melanoma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1905-1912. [PMID: 34416066 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is associated with poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Potential influence of estrogen and its metabolites on melanoma growth has been suggested. AIMS The objective of this review was to provide an overview on the evidence related to estrogen in malignant melanoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant cross-references of the retrieved articles was performed to review relevant published articles related to estrogen and its effects in malignant melanoma. RESULTS Effect of estrogen signaling on a tissue largely depends on the relative expression of estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. Gender differences in melanoma may be explained by the difference in expression of these receptors. ERβ is the principal ER in melanoma. DISCUSSION Although there is uncertainty about role of estrogen in pathogenensis and progression of melanoma, evidence suggests that its growth and metastasis are influenced by estrogen stimulation. Role ER on the proliferation of melanoma cells is well described. CONCLUSION There is a need of safe and effective therapy for melanoma, especially for advanced cases. After the establishment of specific role of estrogen and its receptor, analysis of specific genetic mutation can be performed for proper utilization of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Robert A Schwaertz
- Department of Dermatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zoe Apalla
- Second Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gabriel Salerni
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Provincial del Centenario de Rosario-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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14
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Avena P, De Amicis F, Casaburi I, Sirianni R, Pezzi V. Estrogen Receptors-Mediated Apoptosis in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1242. [PMID: 35163166 PMCID: PMC8835409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor(ER)-mediated mechanisms in many cancer cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogens can also induce apoptosis, activating different ER isoforms in cancer cells. It has been observed that E2/ERα complex activates multiple pathways involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptotic cascade prevention, while E2/ERβ complex in many cases directs the cells to apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of estrogen-induced tumor regression is not completely known. Nevertheless, ERs expression levels of specific splice variants and their cellular localization differentially affect outcome of estrogen-dependent tumors. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on ERs-mediated apoptosis that occurs in main hormone dependent-cancers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of ER-mediated cell death will be useful for the development of specific ligands capable of triggering apoptosis to counteract estrogen-dependent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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15
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Yang S, Yin Z, Zhu G. A review of the functions of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 in vascular and neurological aging. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174363. [PMID: 34297966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases, especially vascular and neurological disorders cause huge economic burden. How to delay vascular and neurological aging is one of the insurmountable questions. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) has been extensively investigated in recent years due to its multiple biological responses. In this review, the function of GPER in aging-related diseases represented by vascular diseases, and neurological disorders were discussed. Apart from that, activation of GPER was also found to renovate the aging brain characterized by memory decline, but in a manner different from another two nuclear estrogen receptors estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. This salutary effect would be better clarified from the aspects of synaptic inputs and transmission. Furthermore, we carefully described molecular mechanisms underpinning GPER-mediated effects. This review would update our understanding of GPER in the aging process. Targeting GPER may represent a promising strategy in the aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230038, China.
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16
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Chou YS, Chuang SC, Chen CH, Ho ML, Chang JK. G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor-1 Positively Regulates the Growth Plate Chondrocyte Proliferation in Female Pubertal Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:710664. [PMID: 34490260 PMCID: PMC8417792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.710664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen enhances long bone longitudinal growth during early puberty. Growth plate chondrocytes are the main cells that contribute to long bone elongation. The role of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1) in regulating growth plate chondrocyte function remains unclear. In the present study, we generated chondrocyte-specific GPER-1 knockout (CKO) mice to investigate the effect of GPER-1 in growth plate chondrocytes. In control mice, GPER-1 was highly expressed in the growth plates of 4- and 8-week-old mice, with a gradual decline through 12 to 16 weeks. In CKO mice, the GPER-1 expression in growth plate chondrocytes was significantly lower than that in the control mice (80% decrease). The CKO mice also showed a decrease in body length (crown-rump length), body weight, and the length of tibias and femurs at 8 weeks. More importantly, the cell number and thickness of the proliferative zone of the growth plate, as well as the thickness of primary spongiosa and length of metaphysis plus diaphysis in tibias of CKO mice, were significantly decreased compared with those of the control mice. Furthermore, there was also a considerable reduction in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigens and Ki67-stained proliferating chondrocytes in the tibia growth plate in the CKO mice. The chondrocyte proliferation mediated by GPER-1 was further demonstrated via treatment with a GPER-1 antagonist in cultured epiphyseal cartilage. This study demonstrates that GPER-1 positively regulates chondrocyte proliferation at the growth plate during early puberty and contributes to the longitudinal growth of long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shuan Chou
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Ho
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ken Chang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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TRIM47 activates NF-κB signaling via PKC-ε/PKD3 stabilization and contributes to endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100784118. [PMID: 34433666 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100784118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been paid to roles of tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins in cancer biology, often functioning as E3 ubiquitin ligases. In the present study, we focus on a contribution of TRIM47 to breast cancer biology, particularly to endocrine therapy resistance, which is a major clinical problem in breast cancer treatment. We performed immunohistochemical analysis of TRIM47 protein expression in 116 clinical samples of breast cancer patients with postoperative endocrine therapy using tamoxifen. Our clinicopathological study showed that higher immunoreactivity scores of TRIM47 were significantly associated with higher relapse rate of breast cancer patients (P = 0.012). As functional analyses, we manipulated TRIM47 expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells MCF-7 and its 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT)-resistant derivative OHTR, which was established in a long-term culture with OHT. TRIM47 promoted both MCF-7 and OHTR cell proliferation. MCF-7 cells acquired tamoxifen resistance by overexpressing exogenous TRIM47. We found that TRIM47 enhances nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling, which further up-regulates TRIM47. We showed that protein kinase C epsilon (PKC-ε) and protein kinase D3 (PKD3), known as NF-κB-activating protein kinases, are directly associated with TRIM47 and stabilized in the presence of TRIM47. As an underlying mechanism, we showed TRIM47-dependent lysine 27-linked polyubiquitination of PKC-ε. These results indicate that TRIM47 facilitates breast cancer proliferation and endocrine therapy resistance by forming a ternary complex with PKC-ε and PKD3. TRIM47 and its associated kinases can be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for breast cancer refractory to endocrine therapy.
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18
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Zhao B, Ye X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Pan X, Wang M. Knockdown of ER-α36 expression inhibits glioma proliferation, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:321-332. [PMID: 34331393 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α36 (ER-α36), a subtype of the estrogen receptor, is reported to play roles in tumorigenesis and tamoxifen resistance in several tumors, especially breast cancer. However, the role of ER-α36 in glioma proliferation and invasion remains unknown. Here, we explored the function of ER-α36 in glioma cells, using U87 and U251 cell lines. We found that ER-α36 was upregulated in glioma tissues compared to adjacent nontumor tissues. In U87 and U251 glioma cell lines, inhibition of ER-α36 expression by shRNA suppressed cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, the expression of an epithelial marker, ZO-1, was upregulated while that of one mesenchymal marker, N-cadherin, was downregulated with ER-α36 knockdown. We also found that inhibition of ER-α36 inactivated both PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signals. Taken together, these data indicated that overexpression of ER-α36 is associated with glioma proliferation and progression but that inhibition of ER-α36 leads to suppressed invasion and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathway inactivation in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Neurology, Cadre Clinic, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Genetics and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, China
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19
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Tutzauer J, Gonzalez de Valdivia E, Swärd K, Alexandrakis Eilard I, Broselid S, Kahn R, Olde B, Leeb-Lundberg LMF. Ligand-independent G protein-coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER)/GPR30 Activity: Lack of receptor-dependent effects of G-1 and 17β-estradiol.. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:271-282. [PMID: 34330822 PMCID: PMC8626787 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is a membrane receptor reported to bind 17β-estradiol (E2) and mediate rapid nongenomic estrogen responses, hence also named G protein–coupled estrogen receptor. G-1 is a proposed GPR30-specific agonist that has been used to implicate the receptor in several pathophysiological events. However, controversy surrounds the role of GPR30 in G-1 and E2 responses. We investigated GPR30 activity in the absence and presence of G-1 and E2 in several eukaryotic systems ex vivo and in vitro in the absence and presence of the receptor. Ex vivo activity was addressed using the caudal artery from wild-type (WT) and GPR30 knockout (KO) mice, and in vitro activity was addressed using a HeLa cell line stably expressing a synthetic multifunctional promoter (nuclear factor κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription, activator protein 1)–luciferase construct (HFF11 cells) and a human GPR30-inducible T-REx system (T-REx HFF11 cells), HFF11 and human embryonic kidney 293 cells transiently expressing WT GPR30 and GPR30 lacking the C-terminal PDZ (postsynaptic density-95/discs-large /zonula occludens-1 homology) motif SSAV, and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed to express GPR30. WT and KO arteries exhibited similar contractile responses to 60 mM KCl and 0.3 μM cirazoline, and G-1 relaxed both arteries with the same potency and efficacy. Furthermore, expression of GPR30 did not introduce any responses to 1 μM G-1 and 0.1 μM E2 in vitro. On the other hand, receptor expression caused considerable ligand-independent activity in vitro, which was receptor PDZ motif-dependent in mammalian cells. We conclude from these results that GPR30 exhibits ligand-independent activity in vitro but no G-1– or E2-stimulated activity in any of the systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tutzauer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Stefan Broselid
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Robin Kahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Björn Olde
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden
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20
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Notas G, Panagiotopoulos A, Vamvoukaki R, Kalyvianaki K, Kiagiadaki F, Deli A, Kampa M, Castanas E. ERα36-GPER1 Collaboration Inhibits TLR4/NFκB-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Activity in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147603. [PMID: 34299224 PMCID: PMC8303269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is important for the initiation and progression of breast cancer. We have previously reported that in monocytes, estrogen regulates TLR4/NFκB-mediated inflammation via the interaction of the Erα isoform ERα36 with GPER1. We therefore investigated whether a similar mechanism is present in breast cancer epithelial cells, and the effect of ERα36 expression on the classic 66 kD ERα isoform (ERα66) functions. We report that estrogen inhibits LPS-induced NFκB activity and the expression of downstream molecules TNFα and IL-6. In the absence of ERα66, ERα36 and GPER1 are both indispensable for this effect. In the presence of ERα66, ERα36 or GPER1 knock-down partially inhibits NFκB-mediated inflammation. In both cases, ERα36 overexpression enhances the inhibitory effect of estrogen on inflammation. We also verify that ERα36 and GPER1 physically interact, especially after LPS treatment, and that GPER1 interacts directly with NFκB. When both ERα66 and ERα36 are expressed, the latter acts as an inhibitor of ERα66 via its binding to estrogen response elements. We also report that the activation of ERα36 leads to the inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation. Our data support that ERα36 is an inhibitory estrogen receptor that, in collaboration with GPER1, inhibits NFκB-mediated inflammation and ERα66 actions in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Notas
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-3945-56; Fax: +30-2810-3945-81
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21
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Sahoo S, Mishra A, Kaur H, Hari K, Muralidharan S, Mandal S, Jolly MK. A mechanistic model captures the emergence and implications of non-genetic heterogeneity and reversible drug resistance in ER+ breast cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab027. [PMID: 34316714 PMCID: PMC8271219 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anti-estrogen therapy is an unsolved clinical challenge in successfully treating ER+ breast cancer patients. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of non-genetic (i.e. phenotypic) adaptations in tolerating drug treatments; however, the mechanisms and dynamics of such non-genetic adaptation remain elusive. Here, we investigate coupled dynamics of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells and emergence of reversible drug resistance. Our mechanism-based model for underlying regulatory network reveals that these two axes can drive one another, thus enabling non-genetic heterogeneity in a cell population by allowing for six co-existing phenotypes: epithelial-sensitive, mesenchymal-resistant, hybrid E/M-sensitive, hybrid E/M-resistant, mesenchymal-sensitive and epithelial-resistant, with the first two ones being most dominant. Next, in a population dynamics framework, we exemplify the implications of phenotypic plasticity (both drug-induced and intrinsic stochastic switching) and/or non-genetic heterogeneity in promoting population survival in a mixture of sensitive and resistant cells, even in the absence of any cell–cell cooperation. Finally, we propose the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal–epithelial transition inducers besides canonical anti-estrogen therapy to limit the emergence of reversible drug resistance. Our results offer mechanistic insights into empirical observations on EMT and drug resistance and illustrate how such dynamical insights can be exploited for better therapeutic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Srinath Muralidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Susmita Mandal
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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β-Sitosterol-D-Glucopyranoside Mimics Estrogenic Properties and Stimulates Glucose Utilization in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113129. [PMID: 34073781 PMCID: PMC8197182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogenic molecules have been reported to regulate glucose homeostasis and may be beneficial for diabetes management. Here, we investigated the estrogenic effect of β-sitosterol-3-O-D-glucopyranoside (BSD), isolated from the fruits of Cupressus sempervirens and monitored its ability to regulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells. BSD stimulated ERE-mediated luciferase activity in both ERα and ERβ-ERE luc expression system with greater response through ERβ in HEK-293T cells, and induced the expression of estrogen-regulated genes in estrogen responsive MCF-7 cells. In silico docking and molecular interaction studies revealed the affinity and interaction of BSD with ERβ through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond pairing. Furthermore, prolonged exposure of L6-GLUT4myc myotubes to BSD raised the glucose uptake under basal conditions without affecting the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the effect associated with enhanced translocation of GLUT4 to the cell periphery. The BSD-mediated biological response to increase GLUT4 translocation was obliterated by PI-3-K inhibitor wortmannin, and BSD significantly increased the phosphorylation of AKT (Ser-473). Moreover, BSD-induced GLUT4 translocation was prevented in the presence of fulvestrant. Our findings reveal the estrogenic activity of BSD to stimulate glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells via PI-3K/AKT-dependent mechanism.
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Wang Y, Pan X, Li Y, Wang R, Yang Y, Jiang B, Sun G, Shao C, Wang M, Gong Y. CUL4B renders breast cancer cells tamoxifen-resistant via miR-32-5p/ER-α36 axis. J Pathol 2021; 254:185-198. [PMID: 33638154 DOI: 10.1002/path.5657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance is a significant clinical challenge in endocrine therapies for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. Cullin 4B (CUL4B), which acts as a scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes (CRL4B), is frequently overexpressed in cancer and represses tumor suppressors through diverse epigenetic mechanisms. However, the role and the underlying mechanisms of CUL4B in regulating drug resistance remain unknown. Here, we showed that CUL4B promotes TAM resistance in breast cancer cells through a miR-32-5p/ER-α36 axis. We found that upregulation of CUL4B correlated with decreased TAM sensitivity of breast cancer cells, and knockdown of CUL4B or expression of a dominant-negative CUL4B mutant restored the response to TAM in TAM-resistant MCF7-TAMR and T47D-TAMR cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CUL4B renders breast cancer cells TAM-resistant by upregulating ER-α36 expression, which was mediated by downregulation of miR-32-5p. We further showed that CRL4B epigenetically represses the transcription of miR-32-5p by catalyzing monoubiquitination at H2AK119 and coordinating with PRC2 and HDAC complexes to promote trimethylation at H3K27 at the promoter of miR-32-5p. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of CRL4B/PRC2/HDAC complexes significantly increased TAM sensitivity in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings thus establish a critical role for the CUL4B-miR-32-5p-ER-α36 axis in the regulation of TAM resistance and have important therapeutic implications for combined application of TAM and the inhibitors of CRL4B/PRC2/HDAC complex in breast cancer treatment. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Gongping Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Changshun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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Sexual hormones and diabetes: The impact of estradiol in pancreatic β cell. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33832654 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and its incidence is increasing throughout the world. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) point-out that diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation and estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by it in 2016. Population studies show that the incidence of this disease increases in women after menopause, when the production of estrogen is decreasing in them. Knowing the impact that estrogenic signaling has on insulin-secreting β cells is key to prevention and design of new therapeutic targets. This chapter explores the role of estrogen and their receptors in the regulation of insulin secretion and biosynthesis, proliferation, regeneration and survival in pancreatic β cells. In addition, delves into the genetic animal models developed and its application for the specific study of the different estrogen signaling pathways. Finally, discusses the impact of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on pancreatic β cell function.
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25
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Baumbach JL, McCormick CM. Nicotine sensitization (part 1): estradiol or tamoxifen is required during the induction phase and not the expression phase to enable locomotor sensitization to nicotine in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:355-370. [PMID: 33130925 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine sensitization involves two functionally distinct phases: induction and expression. Estradiol enhances nicotine sensitization in female rats, but it is not known whether this enhancement is specific to one or both phases. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of estradiol selectively during the induction and the expression of nicotine sensitization. METHODS Ovariectomy (OVX) rats were administered E2 during the induction (2 injection days) and/or the expression phase (9 days later) of nicotine sensitization. The selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen (agonist of ERα and ERß, agonist of the g-coupled estradiol receptor GPER1) also was used to elucidate receptor candidates for the effects of E2 on nicotine sensitization. RESULTS Gonadally intact female rats exhibited expression of nicotine sensitization after a 9-day delay, whereas OVX females did not. Administration of E2 limited to the induction phase of nicotine sensitization rescued expression of nicotine sensitization in OVX females. Tamoxifen during induction did not alter expression of sensitization in gonadally intact female rats, and, like E2, was sufficient to reverse the dampening effects of OVX on expression of sensitization. CONCLUSIONS The enhancing effects of E2 on nicotine sensitization occur during the induction phase of nicotine sensitization, although require a delay to produce the effects on locomotor activity to nicotine, and may involve non-canonical estrogen pathways (e.g., activation of GPER1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennet L Baumbach
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Cheryl M McCormick
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Mahboobifard F, Dargahi L, Jorjani M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Pourgholami MH. The role of ERα36 in cell type-specific functions of estrogen and cancer development. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Pan MX, Li J, Ma C, Fu K, Li ZQ, Wang ZF. Sex-dependent effects of GPER activation on neuroinflammation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:421-431. [PMID: 32272225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays a role in estrogen-mediated neuroprotection and has been considered a potential therapeutic target for treating various neurological diseases. It is increasingly recognized that sex is a biological variable affecting treatment outcomes and efficacy, and that neuroinflammation is a key secondary injury mechanism following brain injury, though it is unknown whether the neuroprotective effects exerted by GPER involve modulation of inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether activation of GPER has a sex-dependent effect on neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI), a sexually dimorphic disease. In male and ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, the GPER agonist, G1, inhibited the upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4, and shifted microglia/macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. In gonadally-intact females, G1 caused more pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and TNF-α) and less anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) production, without altering microglia/macrophage polarization. Estradiol supplementation blocked the effects of G1 in OVX females. We also found that post-injury GPER expression was increased in males and OVX females but not in intact females. G1 administration increased Akt phosphorylation in males and OVX females, but had no significant effect in intact females, while Akt inhibition blocked the effects of G1 in males and OVX females. These results indicate that G1 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in males and OVX females but not in intact females; these sex-specific effects are dependent on circulating estrogen levels and are partially mediated through Akt signaling. Future studies are needed to elucidate the relevant molecular mechanisms, especially in females. A better understanding of the sex differences in treatment efficacy with GPER agonists may help improve personalized therapeutic strategies for males and pre- and postmenopausal females with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xian Pan
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen-Induced Uterine Vasodilation in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124349. [PMID: 32570961 PMCID: PMC7352873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal pregnancy is associated with dramatic increases in uterine blood flow to facilitate the bidirectional maternal–fetal exchanges of respiratory gases and to provide sole nutrient support for fetal growth and survival. The mechanism(s) underlying pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation remain incompletely understood, but this is associated with elevated estrogens, which stimulate specific estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent vasodilator production in the uterine artery (UA). The classical ERs (ERα and ERβ) and the plasma-bound G protein-coupled ER (GPR30/GPER) are expressed in UA endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, mediating the vasodilatory effects of estrogens through genomic and/or nongenomic pathways that are likely epigenetically modified. The activation of these three ERs by estrogens enhances the endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been shown to play a key role in uterine vasodilation during pregnancy. However, the local blockade of NO biosynthesis only partially attenuates estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation, suggesting that mechanisms other than NO exist to mediate uterine vasodilation. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of NO in ER-mediated mechanisms controlling estrogen-induced and pregnancy-associated uterine vasodilation and our recent work on a “new” UA vasodilator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that has dramatically changed our view of how estrogens regulate uterine vasodilation in pregnancy.
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Thiebaut C, Konan HP, Guerquin MJ, Chesnel A, Livera G, Le Romancer M, Dumond H. The Role of ERα36 in Development and Tumor Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4116. [PMID: 32526980 PMCID: PMC7312586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen nuclear receptors, represented by the canonical forms ERα66 and ERβ1, are the main mediators of the estrogen-dependent pathophysiology in mammals. However, numerous isoforms have been identified, stimulating unconventional estrogen response pathways leading to complex cellular and tissue responses. The estrogen receptor variant, ERα36, was cloned in 2005 and is mainly described in the literature to be involved in the progression of mammary tumors and in the acquired resistance to anti-estrogen drugs, such as tamoxifen. In this review, we will first specify the place that ERα36 currently occupies within the diversity of nuclear and membrane estrogen receptors. We will then report recent data on the impact of ERα36 expression and/or activity in normal breast and testicular cells, but also in different types of tumors including mammary tumors, highlighting why ERα36 can now be considered as a marker of malignancy. Finally, we will explain how studying the regulation of ERα36 expression could provide new clues to counteract resistance to cancer treatments in hormone-sensitive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Thiebaut
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Henri-Philippe Konan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (H.-P.K.); (M.L.R.)
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiation, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, F-92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France; (M.-J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Amand Chesnel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Gabriel Livera
- Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, UMRE008 Genetic Stability Stem Cells and Radiation, Université de Paris, Université Paris Saclay, CEA, F-92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France; (M.-J.G.); (G.L.)
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (H.-P.K.); (M.L.R.)
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Dumond
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000 Nancy, France; (C.T.); (A.C.)
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Mahboobifard F, Bidari-Zerehpoosh F, Davoudi Z, Panahi M, Dargahi L, Pourgholami MH, Sharifi G, Izadi N, Jorjani M. Expression patterns of ERα66 and its novel variant isoform ERα36 in lactotroph pituitary adenomas and associations with clinicopathological characteristics. Pituitary 2020; 23:232-245. [PMID: 32026205 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The regulatory effects of estradiol on pituitary homeostasis have been well documented. However, the expression patterns of ERα66 and ERα36 and their correlations with the clinical course of postoperative prolactinoma tumors remain unclear. METHODS The expression of ERα36, ERα66, Ki67, p53, and CD31 were determined by immunohistochemistry in 62 prolactinoma patients. Snap-frozen tumors and normal pituitaries were also examined by western blotting for estrogen receptor detection. RESULTS A broad expression of ERα36 was identified in normal pituitaries. The median scores of ERα36 and ERα66 expression were 8 and 6 in normal pituitaries and 4 and 0 in tumors, respectively. Four phenotypes of ERα36 and ERα66 expression were explored in tumors with regard to sex, invasiveness, dopamine resistance, and recurrence. Low ERα36 expression was associated with tumor invasion and increased Ki67. Low ERα66 expression was associated with tumor invasion, dopamine-agonist resistance, and enhanced tumor size. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that low ERα36 expression is an independent risk factor for invasiveness. The significant inverse association of ERα66 with invasiveness, dopamine resistance, and tumor size remained significant after adjustment for sex as a potential confounder. After controlling for sex, the low ERα66/low ERα36 phenotype was 6.24 times more prevalent in invasive tumors than in noninvasive tumors. Although the decreasing trend of CD31 expression from surrounding nontumoral lactotroph adenomas to tumors was similar to that of the estrogen receptors, a significant correlation was not observed here. CONCLUSION The decreasing trends of ERα36 and ERα66 expression from normal pituitaries to tumors are associated with aggressive clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mahboobifard
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Bidari-Zerehpoosh
- Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Davoudi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Panahi
- Department of Pathology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Pourgholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gieve Sharifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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Barua D, Gupta A, Gupta S. Targeting the IRE1-XBP1 axis to overcome endocrine resistance in breast cancer: Opportunities and challenges. Cancer Lett 2020; 486:29-37. [PMID: 32446861 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1, which encodes estrogen receptor-alpha) is a key driver gene for the initiation and progression of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) is expressed in up to 70% of cases, and patients are routinely treated with endocrine therapies. However, the development of resistance over time is common and occurs in one-third of ER-positive breast tumors, leading to disease progression and death. X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), a key component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER signaling pathway, generates a positive feedback regulatory loop that leads to increased expression of XBP1 and ER in luminal breast cancer. In this review, we highlight new insights into the mechanisms of crosstalk between XBP1 and ER signaling and its clinical implications. Next, we describe the key signaling nodes that play an important role in XBP1-mediated endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Further, we discuss XBP1 gene mutations in breast cancer and the role of these mutations in the emergence of endocrine resistance and response to treatment. Finally, we discuss the current state and future directions for targeting XBP1 in combination with standard endocrine therapy to improve clinical outcomes in endocrine-resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Barua
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Discipline of Physiology, Human Biology Building, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Antalikova J, Secova P, Horovska L, Krejcirova R, Simonik O, Jankovicova J, Bartokova M, Tumova L, Manaskova-Postlerova P. Missing Information from the Estrogen Receptor Puzzle: Where Are They Localized in Bull Reproductive Tissues and Spermatozoa? Cells 2020; 9:cells9010183. [PMID: 31936899 PMCID: PMC7016540 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are steroid hormones that affect a wide range of physiological functions. The effect of estrogens on male reproductive tissues and sperm cells through specific receptors is essential for sperm development, maturation, and function. Although estrogen receptors (ERs) have been studied in several mammalian species, including humans, they have not yet been described in bull spermatozoa and reproductive tissues. In this study, we analyzed the presence of all types of ERs (ESR1, ESR2, and GPER1) in bull testicular and epididymal tissues and epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa, and we characterize them here for the first time. We observed different localizations of each type of ER in the sperm head by immunofluorescent microscopy. Additionally, using a selected polyclonal antibody, we found that each type of ER in bull sperm extracts had two isoforms with different molecular masses. The detailed detection of ERs is a prerequisite not only for understanding the effect of estrogen on all reproductive events but also for further studying the negative effect of environmental estrogens (endocrine disruptors) on processes that lead to fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Antalikova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.); (P.S.); (L.H.); (J.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Petra Secova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.); (P.S.); (L.H.); (J.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Lubica Horovska
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.); (P.S.); (L.H.); (J.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Romana Krejcirova
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Ondrej Simonik
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Jana Jankovicova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.); (P.S.); (L.H.); (J.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Michaela Bartokova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.); (P.S.); (L.H.); (J.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Lucie Tumova
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Pavla Manaskova-Postlerova
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.K.); (O.S.); (L.T.)
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., BIOCEV, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-22438-2934
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Jacenik D, Krajewska WM. Significance of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in the Pathophysiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colorectal Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:390. [PMID: 32595606 PMCID: PMC7303275 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of estrogens and nuclear estrogen receptors, i. e., estrogen receptor α and β has been reported in gastrointestinal diseases. However, the contribution of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, the membrane-bound estrogen receptor, is still poorly understood. Unlike nuclear estrogen receptors, which are responsible for the genomic activity of estrogens, the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor affects the "rapid" non-genomic activity of estrogens, leading to modulation of many signaling pathways and ultimately changing gene expression. Recently, the crucial role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in intestinal pathogenesis has been documented. It has been shown that the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor can modulate the progression of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as well as colorectal cancer. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor appears to be a potent factor regulating abdominal sensitivity and pain, intestinal peristalsis, colitis development, proliferation and migration potential of colorectal cancer cells and seems to be a useful target in gastrointestinal diseases. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge about the contribution of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor to irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.
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Luo J, Liu D. Does GPER Really Function as a G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in vivo? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:148. [PMID: 32296387 PMCID: PMC7137379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen can elicit pleiotropic cellular responses via a diversity of estrogen receptors (ERs)-mediated genomic and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. Unlike the genomic responses, where the classical nuclear ERα and ERβ act as transcriptional factors following estrogen binding to regulate gene transcription in estrogen target tissues, the non-genomic cellular responses to estrogen are believed to start at the plasma membrane, leading to rapid activation of second messengers-triggered cytoplasmic signal transduction cascades. The recently acknowledged ER, GPR30 or GPER, was discovered in human breast cancer cells two decades ago and subsequently in many other cells. Since its discovery, it has been claimed that estrogen, ER antagonist fulvestrant, as well as some estrogenic compounds can directly bind to GPER, and therefore initiate the non-genomic cellular responses. Various recently developed genetic tools as well as chemical ligands greatly facilitated research aimed at determining the physiological roles of GPER in different tissues. However, there is still lack of evidence that GPER plays a significant role in mediating endogenous estrogen action in vivo. This review summarizes current knowledge about GPER, including its tissue expression and cellular localization, with emphasis on the research findings elucidating its role in health and disease. Understanding the role of GPER in estrogen signaling will provide opportunities for the development of new therapeutic strategies to strengthen the benefits of estrogen while limiting the potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dongmin Liu
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Xu Z, Zheng X, Xia X, Wang X, Luo N, Huang B, Pan X. 17β-estradiol at low concentrations attenuates the efficacy of tamoxifen in breast cancer therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113228. [PMID: 31563769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen has been applied widely in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. The impact of low concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) (a pervasive environmental pollutant) on its effectiveness was studied in vitro using an MCF-7 cell line. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were studied along with cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potentials repression. The signaling pathways involved were identified. Typical concentrations of E2 in the environment (10-10 to 10-8 M) were observed to promote cell growth and protect MCF-7 cells from tamoxifen's cytotoxicity. Cell migration, invasion, cell cycle progression and apoptosis all involved in reducing tamoxifen's cytotoxicity. E2 at environmental concentrations induced PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signal transduction through the estrogen receptor pathways to affect cell proliferation. Taken together, the results explain how E2 in the environment may attenuate the efficacy of tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer therapy. They provide considerable support for E2's adverse effects on human health and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China; Faculty of Life Science & Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xianyao Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science & Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Nao Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Peng J, Zuo Y, Huang L, Okada T, Liu S, Zuo G, Zhang G, Tang J, Xia Y, Zhang JH. Activation of GPR30 with G1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis via src/EGFR/stat3 signaling pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in male rats. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jacenik D, Cygankiewicz AI, Mokrowiecka A, Małecka-Panas E, Fichna J, Krajewska WM. Sex- and Age-Related Estrogen Signaling Alteration in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Modulatory Role of Estrogen Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133175. [PMID: 31261736 PMCID: PMC6651503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) seems to be associated with alterations of immunoregulation. Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogens play a role in the modulation of immune responses and may be related to the etiology of IBD. The purpose of this work was to examine the involvement of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and ERα spliced variants ERα36 and ERα46 in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The studied group included 73 patients with IBD and 31 sex and age-related controls. No differences in serum levels of 17β-estradiol nor of CYP1A1 and SULT1E1 enzymes involved in estrogen catabolism were stated. The expression pattern of estrogen receptors in tissue samples was quantified using real-time PCR and Western blotting. Statistically significant up-regulation of GPER and ERα in both CD and UC as well as down-regulation of ERβ in CD patients was found. However, differences in the expression of estrogen receptors in CD and UC have been identified, depending on the sex and age of patients. In men, up-regulation of GPER, ERα and ERα46 expression was shown in CD and UC patients. In women under 50 years of age, GPER protein level increased in UC whereas ERβ expression tended to decrease in CD and UC patients. In turn, in women over 50 the protein level of ERα increased in UC while ERβ expression decreased in CD patients. Dysregulation of estrogen receptors in the intestinal mucosa of patients with CD and UC indicates that estrogen signaling may play a role in the local immune response and maintain epithelial homeostasis in a gender- and age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Jacenik
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adam I Cygankiewicz
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Mokrowiecka
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Stefana Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-001 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Małecka-Panas
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Stefana Kopcinskiego St. 22, 90-001 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka St. 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wanda M Krajewska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska St. 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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Ishii T, Warabi E. Mechanism of Rapid Nuclear Factor-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activation via Membrane-Associated Estrogen Receptors: Roles of NADPH Oxidase 1, Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030069. [PMID: 30889865 PMCID: PMC6466580 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated estrogen receptors (ER)-α36 and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) play important roles in the estrogen’s rapid non-genomic actions including stimulation of cell proliferation. Estrogen via these receptors induces rapid activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of detoxification and antioxidant systems, playing a key role in the metabolic reprogramming to support cell proliferation. This review highlights the possible mechanism underlying rapid Nrf2 activation via membrane-associated estrogen receptors by estrogen and phytoestrogens. Stimulation of ER-α36-GPER signaling complex rapidly induces Src-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leading to a kinase-mediated signaling cascade. We propose a novel hypothesis that ER-α36-GPER signaling initially induces rapid and temporal activation of NADPH oxidase 1 to generate superoxide, which subsequently activates redox-sensitive neutral sphingomyelinase 2 generating the lipid signaling mediator ceramide. Generation of ceramide is required for Ras activation and ceramide-protein kinase C ζ-casein kinase 2 (CK2) signaling. Notably, CK2 enhances chaperone activity of the Cdc37-Hsp90 complex supporting activation of various signaling kinases including Src, Raf and Akt (protein kinase B). Activation of Nrf2 may be induced by cooperation of two signaling pathways, (i) Nrf2 stabilization by direct phosphorylation by CK2 and (ii) EGFR-Ras-PI 3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt axis which inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3β leading to enhanced nuclear transport and stability of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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Pawlicki P, Hejmej A, Milon A, Lustofin K, Płachno BJ, Tworzydlo W, Gorowska-Wojtowicz E, Pawlicka B, Kotula-Balak M, Bilinska B. Telocytes in the mouse testicular interstitium: implications of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and estrogen-related receptor (ERR) in the regulation of mouse testicular interstitial cells. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:393-408. [PMID: 30187340 PMCID: PMC6510843 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), a novel type of interstitial cells, are involved in tissue homeostasis maintenance. This study aimed to investigate TC presence in the interstitium of mouse testis. Additionally, inactivation of the G-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER) in the testis was performed to obtain insight into TC function, regulation, and interaction with other interstitial cells. Mice were injected with a GPER antagonist (G-15; 50 μg/kg bw), and the GPER-signaling effect on TC distribution, ultrastructure, and function, as well as the interstitial tissue interaction of GPER with estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), was examined. Microscopic observations of TC morphology were performed with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Telocyte functional markers (CD34; c-kit; platelet-derived growth factor receptors α and β, PDGFRα and β; vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF; and vimentin) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence and Western blot. mRNA expression of CD34 as well as ERR α, β, and γ was measured by qRT-PCR. Relaxin and Ca2+ concentrations were analyzed by immunoenzymatic and colorimetric assays, respectively. For the first time, we reveal the presence of TCs in the interstitium together with the peritubular area of mouse testis. Telocytes were characterized by specific features such as a small cell body and extremely long prolongations, constituting a three-dimensional network mainly around the interstitial cells. Expression of all TC protein markers was confirmed. Based on scanning electron microscopic observation in GPER-blocked testis, groups of TCs were frequently seen. No changes were found in TC ultrastructure in GPER-blocked testis when compared to the control. However, tendency to TC number change (increase) after the blockage was observed. Concomitantly, no changes in mRNA CD34 expression and increase in ERR expression were detected in GPER-blocked testes. In addition, Ca2+ was unchanged; however, an increase in relaxin concentration was observed. Telocytes are an important component of the mouse testicular interstitium, possibly taking part in maintaining its microenvironment as well as contractile and secretory functions (via themselves or via controlling of other interstitial cells). These cells should be considered a unique and useful target cell type for the prevention and treatment of testicular interstitial tissue disorders based on estrogen-signaling disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lustofin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gorowska-Wojtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Pawlicka
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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40
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Porsch M, Özdemir E, Wisniewski M, Graf S, Bull F, Hoffmann K, Ignatov A, Haybaeck J, Grosse I, Kalinski T, Nass N. Time resolved gene expression analysis during tamoxifen adaption of MCF-7 cells identifies long non-coding RNAs with prognostic impact. RNA Biol 2019; 16:661-674. [PMID: 30760083 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1581597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired tamoxifen resistance is a persistent problem for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive, premenopausal breast cancer patients and predictive biomarkers are still elusive. We here analyzed gene expression changes in a cellular model to identify early and late changes upon tamoxifen exposure and thereby novel prognostic biomarkers. Estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cells were incubated with 4OH-tamoxifen (10 nM) and gene expression analyzed by array hybridization during 12 weeks. Array results were confirmed by nCounter- and qRT-PCR technique. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that early responses concerned mainly amine synthesis and NRF2-related signaling and evolved into a stable gene expression pattern within 4 weeks characterized by changes in glucuronidation-, estrogen metabolism-, nuclear receptor- and interferon signaling pathways. As a large number of long non coding RNAs was subject to regulation, we investigated 5 of these (linc01213, linc00632 linc0992, LOC101929547 and XR_133213) in more detail. From these, only linc01213 was upregulated but all were less abundant in estrogen-receptor negative cell lines (MDA-MB 231, SKBR-3 and UACC3199). In a web-based survival analysis linc01213 and linc00632 turned out to have prognostic impact. Linc01213 was investigated further by plasmid-mediated over-expression as well as siRNA down-regulation in MCF-7 cells. Nevertheless, this had no effect on proliferation or expression of tamoxifen regulated genes, but migration was increased. In conclusion, the cellular model identified a set of lincRNAs with prognostic relevance for breast cancer. One of these, linc01213 although regulated by 4OH-tamoxifen, is not a central regulator of tamoxifen adaption, but interferes with the regulation of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Porsch
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Institute of Human Genetics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,c German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Esra Özdemir
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Martin Wisniewski
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Sebastian Graf
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Fabian Bull
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,b Institute of Human Genetics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,c German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- b Institute of Human Genetics , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany.,f Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology , Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.,g Department of Pathology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Ivo Grosse
- a Insitute of Computer Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Halle , Germany.,c German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Norbert Nass
- d Institute of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg , Magdeburg , Germany
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Possible role of phytoestrogens in breast cancer via GPER-1/GPR30 signaling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2583-2598. [PMID: 30545896 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens generated within endocrine organs and the reproductive system act as ligands for at least three types of estrogen receptors. Estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) belong to the so-called classical family of estrogen receptors, whereas the G protein-coupled receptor GPR30, also known as GPER-1, has been described as a novel estrogen receptor sited in the cell membrane of target cells. Furthermore, these receptors are under stimulation of a family of exogenous estrogens, known as phytoestrogens, which are a diverse group of non-steroidal plant compounds derived from plant food consumed by humans and animals. Because phytoestrogens are omnipresent in our daily diet, they are becoming increasingly important in both human health and disease. Recent evidence indicates that in addition to classical estrogen receptors, phytoestrogens also activate GPER-1 a relevant observation since GPER-1 is involved in several physiopathological disorders and especially in estrogen-dependent diseases such as breast cancer.The first estrogen receptors discovered were the classical ERα and ERβ, but from an evolutionary point of view G protein-coupled receptors trace their origins in history to over a billion years ago suggesting that estrogen receptors like GPER-1 may have been the targets of choice for ancient phytoestrogens and/or estrogens.This review provides a comprehensive and systematic literature search on phytoestrogens and its relationship with classical estrogen receptors and GPER-1 including its role in breast cancer, an issue still under discussion.
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42
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Kim CS, Kim IJ, Choi JS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW. Tamoxifen ameliorates obstructive nephropathy through Src and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Biol Cell 2018; 111:18-27. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Seong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kwon Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Wan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
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Maczis MA, Maceyka M, Waters MR, Newton J, Singh M, Rigsby MF, Turner TH, Alzubi MA, Harrell JC, Milstien S, Spiegel S. Sphingosine kinase 1 activation by estrogen receptor α36 contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2297-2307. [PMID: 30315000 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In breast cancer, 17β-estradiol (E2) plays critical roles mainly by binding to its canonical receptor, estrogen receptor (ER) α66, and eliciting genomic effects. E2 also triggers rapid, nongenomic responses. E2 activates sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), increasing sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) that binds to its receptors, leading to important breast cancer signaling. However, the E2 receptor responsible for SphK1 activation has not yet been identified. Here, we demonstrate in triple-negative breast cancer cells, which lack the canonical ERα66 but express the novel splice variant ERα36, that ERα36 is the receptor responsible for E2-induced activation of SphK1 and formation and secretion of S1P and dihydro-S1P, the ligands for S1PRs. Tamoxifen, the first-line endocrine therapy for breast cancer, is an antagonist of ERα66, but an agonist of ERα36, and, like E2, activates SphK1 and markedly increases secretion of S1P. A major problem with tamoxifen therapy is development of acquired resistance. We found that tamoxifen resistance correlated with increased SphK1 and ERα36 expression in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells, in patient-derived xenografts, and in endocrine-resistant breast cancer patients. Our data also indicate that targeting this ERα36 and SphK1 axis may be a therapeutic option to circumvent endocrine resistance and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Maczis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Michael R Waters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Jason Newton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Manjulata Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Madisyn F Rigsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Tia H Turner
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Mohammad A Alzubi
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sheldon Milstien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyVirginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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Vajaria R, Vasudevan N. Is the membrane estrogen receptor, GPER1, a promiscuous receptor that modulates nuclear estrogen receptor-mediated functions in the brain? Horm Behav 2018; 104:165-172. [PMID: 29964007 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Contribution to Special Issue on Fast effects of steroids. Estrogen signals both slowly to regulate transcription and rapidly to activate kinases and regulate calcium levels. Both rapid, non-genomic signaling as well as genomic transcriptional signaling via intracellular estrogen receptors (ER)s can change behavior. Rapid non-genomic signaling is initiated from the plasma membrane by a G-protein coupled receptor called GPER1 that binds 17β-estradiol. GPER1 or GPR30 is one of the candidates for a membrane ER (mER) that is not only highly expressed in pathology i.e. cancers but also in several behaviorally-relevant brain regions. In the brain, GPER1 signaling, in response to estrogen, facilitates neuroprotection, social behaviors and cognition. In this review, we describe several notable characteristics of GPER1 such as the ability of several endogenous steroids as well as artificially synthesized molecules to bind the GPER1. In addition, GPER1 is localized to the plasma membrane in breast cancer cell lines but may be present in the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus in the hippocampus. Unusually, GPER1 can also translocate to the perinuclear space from the plasma membrane. We explore the idea that subcellular localization and ligand promiscuity may determine the varied downstream signaling cascades of the activated GPER1. Lastly, we suggest that GPER1 can act as a modulator of ERα-mediated action on a convergent target, spinogenesis, in neurons that in turn drives female social behaviors such as lordosis and social learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Vajaria
- School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading WhiteKnights Campus, Reading RG6 6AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Nandini Vasudevan
- School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building Room 205, University of Reading WhiteKnights Campus, Reading RG6 6AS, United Kingdom.
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45
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Dittmer J. Breast cancer stem cells: Features, key drivers and treatment options. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:59-74. [PMID: 30059727 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The current view is that breast cancer is a stem cell disease characterized by the existence of cancer cells with stem-like features and tumor-initiating potential. These cells are made responsible for tumor dissemination and metastasis. Common therapies by chemotherapeutic drugs fail to eradicate these cells and rather increase the pool of cancer stem cells in tumors, an effect that may increase the likelyhood of recurrence. Fifteen years after the first evidence for a small stem-like subpopulation playing a major role in breast cancer initiation has been published a large body of knowledge has been accumulated regarding the signaling cascades and proteins involved in maintaining stemness in breast cancer. Differences in the stem cell pool size and in mechanisms regulating stemness in the different breast cancer subtypes have emerged. Overall, this knowledge offers new approaches to intervene with breast cancer stem cell activity. New options are particularly needed for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer subtype, which is particularly rich in cancer stem cells and is also the subtype for which specific therapies are still not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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Wang HB, Li T, Ma DZ, Zhi H. ERα36 gene silencing promotes tau protein phosphorylation, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201701386. [PMID: 29932870 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants and the third most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor (ER)-α36 gene silencing on tau protein phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with estrogen or left untreated, to investigate the effects of estrogen stimulation on ERα36 and the ERK/protein B kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. ERα36 mRNA expressions were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. A phosphatase kit was used to test protein phosphatase (PP)-2A activity before and after treatment. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect protein expression of ERα36; tau protein; phosphorylated- tau (p-tau) at site Thr231 [p-tau (Thr231)]; glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β and its specificity sites (Tyr216 and Ser9); Cyclin Dl; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2; and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). A cell-counting kit (CCK)-8 assay was used to determine cell viability. Cell apoptosis and rate of tumor growth and volume were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and a xenotransplanted tumor model in nude mice. Results show that without estrogen stimulation, ERα36 was inactivated. When stimulated by estrogen, expression of ERα36, PP2A, p-GSK3β (Ser9)/total protein ( t)-GSK3β, Cyclin Dl, PCNA, and Bcl-2 were up-regulated, and p-GSK3β (Tyr216)/ t-GSK3β expression was down-regulated, as was p-tau (Thr231) and Bax expression. The expression of p-ERK/ERK, p-AKT/AKT, p-methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)/MEK, and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR expression was up-regulated, suggesting that the ERK/AKT signaling pathway is activated. Cell proliferation was also accelerated, whereas apoptosis was inhibited with stimulation by estrogen. However, we found that the effects of silencing ERα36 on the expression of related intracellular factors had no association with estrogen. Our study demonstrates that ERα36 gene silencing can inhibit the activation of the ERK/AKT signaling pathway, increase tau protein phosphorylation, decrease cell vitality and tumorigenicity, and promote apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.-Wang, H.-B., Li, T., Ma, D.-Z., Zhi, H. ERα36 gene silencing promotes tau protein phosphorylation, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Dong-Zhou Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Hua Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Mauvais-Jarvis F, Le May C, Tiano JP, Liu S, Kilic-Berkmen G, Kim JH. The Role of Estrogens in Pancreatic Islet Physiopathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1043:385-399. [PMID: 29224104 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In rodent models of insulin-deficient diabetes, 17β-estradiol (E2) protects pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells against oxidative stress, amyloid polypeptide toxicity, gluco-lipotoxicity, and apoptosis. Three estrogen receptors (ERs)-ERα, ERβ, and the G protein-coupled ER (GPER)-have been identified in rodent and human β-cells. This chapter describes recent advances in our understanding of the role of ERs in islet β-cell function, nutrient homeostasis, survival from pro-apoptotic stimuli, and proliferation. We discuss why and how ERs represent potential therapeutic targets for the maintenance of functional β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Cedric Le May
- L'institut du Thorax, INSERM-CNRS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Joseph P Tiano
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Gamze Kilic-Berkmen
- Department of Pediatric, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
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El-Deek HEM, Ahmed AM, Hassan TS, Morsy AM. Expression and localization of estrogen receptors in human renal cell carcinoma and their clinical significance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3176-3185. [PMID: 31938447 PMCID: PMC6958079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to (1) evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of ERα, ERα36 and ERβ in combination in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and nearby non-tumorous tissue (2) correlate their expression pattern with the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of the patients; this may provide a new insight into prediction of the disease outcome and understanding its progression. The three markers showed positive cytoplasmic (± membranous) staining pattern in tumor cells. The tubules in the nearby non-tumorous tissue showed either nuclear (± cytoplasmic) staining pattern (ERα and ERβ) or only cytoplasmic staining pattern (ERα36). The mean of cytoplasmic expression of ERα, ERα36 and ERβ was significantly higher in association with poor prognostic factors: larger tumor size (P<0.0001) for each, late clinical stage (P<0.0001) for each, higher nuclear grade (P = 0.003, P = 0.002 and P = 0.022) respectively, and presence of lymphovascular invasion (P<0.0001, P = 0.006 and P<0.0001) respectively. We have demonstrated for the first time that patients whose tumors express high cytoplasmic levels of ERα, ERα36 or ERβ experience shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. The independent role of ER subunits as markers of poor prognosis is proven only for ERβ and ERα36 but not ERα. In conclusion, our results indicate that the main staining pattern of ERα, ERα36 and ERβ in RCC is cytoplasmic with relation of this pattern to bad prognosis. So we can suggest the assessment of these receptors as markers of poor prognosis in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E M El-Deek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Tareq S Hassan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Aiat M Morsy
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
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Romano SN, Gorelick DA. Crosstalk between nuclear and G protein-coupled estrogen receptors. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 261:190-197. [PMID: 28450143 PMCID: PMC5656538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2005, two groups independently discovered that the G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 binds estradiol in cultured cells and, in response, initiates intracellular signaling cascades Revankar et al. (2005), Thomas et al. (2005). GPR30 is now referred to as GPER, the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor Prossnitz and Arterburn (2015). While studies in animal models are illuminating GPER function, there is controversy as to whether GPER acts as an autonomous estrogen receptor in vivo, or whether GPER interacts with nuclear estrogen receptor signaling pathways in response to estrogens. Here, we review the evidence that GPER acts as an autonomous estrogen receptor in vivo and discuss experimental approaches to test this hypothesis directly. We propose that the degree to which GPER influences nuclear estrogen receptor signaling likely depends on cell type, developmental stage and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Romano
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Daniel A Gorelick
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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50
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Boonyaratanakornkit V, Hamilton N, Márquez-Garbán DC, Pateetin P, McGowan EM, Pietras RJ. Extranuclear signaling by sex steroid receptors and clinical implications in breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 466:51-72. [PMID: 29146555 PMCID: PMC5878997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone play essential roles in the development and progression of breast cancer. Over 70% of breast cancers express estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), emphasizing the need for better understanding of ER and PR signaling. ER and PR are traditionally viewed as transcription factors that directly bind DNA to regulate gene networks. In addition to nuclear signaling, ER and PR mediate hormone-induced, rapid extranuclear signaling at the cell membrane or in the cytoplasm which triggers downstream signaling to regulate rapid or extended cellular responses. Specialized membrane and cytoplasmic proteins may also initiate hormone-induced extranuclear signaling. Rapid extranuclear signaling converges with its nuclear counterpart to amplify ER/PR transcription and specify gene regulatory networks. This review summarizes current understanding and updates on ER and PR extranuclear signaling. Further investigation of ER/PR extranuclear signaling may lead to development of novel targeted therapeutics for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Boonyaratanakornkit
- Department of Clinical Chemistry Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Age-related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nalo Hamilton
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Diana C Márquez-Garbán
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Prangwan Pateetin
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Eileen M McGowan
- Chronic Disease Solutions Team, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard J Pietras
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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