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Plotkin DL, Mattingly ML, Anglin DA, Michel JM, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Kontos NJ, Bergamasco JGA, Scarpelli MC, Angleri V, Taylor LW, Willoughby DS, Mobley CB, Kavazis AN, Ugrinowitsch C, Libardi CA, Roberts MD. Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain fragmentation as a potential marker of protein degradation in response to resistance training and disuse atrophy. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1739-1754. [PMID: 39180757 PMCID: PMC11442757 DOI: 10.1113/ep092093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
We examined how resistance exercise (RE), cycling exercise and disuse atrophy affect myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein fragmentation. The 1boutRE study involved younger men (n = 8; 5 ± 2 years of RE experience) performing a lower body RE bout with vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies being obtained prior to and acutely following exercise. With the 10weekRT study, VL biopsies were obtained in 36 younger adults before and 24 h after their first/naïve RE bout. Participants also engaged in 10 weeks of resistance training and donated VL biopsies before and 24 h after their last RE bout. VL biopsies were also examined in an acute cycling study (n = 7) and a study involving 2 weeks of leg immobilization (n = 20). In the 1boutRE study, fragmentation of all MyHC isoforms (MyHCTotal) increased 3 h post-RE (∼200%, P = 0.018) and returned to pre-exercise levels by 6 h post-RE. Interestingly, a greater magnitude increase in MyHC type IIa versus I isoform fragmentation occurred 3 h post-RE (8.6 ± 6.3-fold vs. 2.1 ± 0.7-fold, P = 0.018). In 10weekRT participants, the first/naïve and last RE bouts increased MyHCTotal fragmentation 24 h post-RE (+65% and +36%, P < 0.001); however, the last RE bout response was attenuated compared to the first bout (P = 0.045). Although cycling exercise did not alter MyHCTotal fragmentation, ∼8% VL atrophy with 2 weeks of leg immobilization increased MyHCTotal fragmentation (∼108%, P < 0.001). Mechanistic C2C12 myotube experiments indicated that MyHCTotal fragmentation is likely due to calpain proteases. In summary, RE and disuse atrophy increase MyHC protein fragmentation. Research into how ageing and disease-associated muscle atrophy affect these outcomes is needed. HIGHLIGHTS: What is the central question of this study? How different exercise stressors and disuse affect skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain fragmentation. What is the main finding and its importance? This investigation is the first to demonstrate that resistance exercise and disuse atrophy lead to skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain protein fragmentation in humans. Mechanistic in vitro experiments provide additional evidence that MyHC fragmentation occurs through calpain proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of KinesiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | | | | | | | - João G. A. Bergamasco
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical EducationFederal University of São Carlos – UFSCarSão CarlosSPBrazil
| | - Maíra C. Scarpelli
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical EducationFederal University of São Carlos – UFSCarSão CarlosSPBrazil
| | - Vitor Angleri
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical EducationFederal University of São Carlos – UFSCarSão CarlosSPBrazil
| | - Lemuel W. Taylor
- School of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Mary Hardin‐BaylorBeltonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo – USPSão PauloSPBrazil
- Department of Health Sciences and Human PerformanceThe University of TampaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Cleiton A. Libardi
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical EducationFederal University of São Carlos – UFSCarSão CarlosSPBrazil
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2
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Plotkin DL, Mattingly ML, Anglin DA, Michel JM, Godwin JS, McIntosh MC, Bergamasco JGA, Scarpelli MC, Angleri V, Taylor LW, Willoughby DS, Mobley CB, Kavazis AN, Ugrinowitsch C, Libardi CA, Roberts MD. Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain protein fragmentation as a potential marker of protein degradation in response to resistance training and disuse atrophy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595789. [PMID: 38826385 PMCID: PMC11142278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
We sought to examine how resistance exercise (RE), cycling exercise, and disuse atrophy affect myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein fragmentation in humans. In the first study (1boutRE), younger adult men (n=8; 5±2 years of RE experience) performed a lower body RE bout with vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies obtained immediately before, 3-, and 6-hours post-exercise. In the second study (10weekRT), VL biopsies were obtained in untrained younger adults (n=36, 18 men and 18 women) before and 24 hours (24h) after their first/naïve RE bout. These participants also engaged in 10 weeks (24 sessions) of resistance training and donated VL biopsies before and 24h after their last RE bout. VL biopsies were also examined from a third acute cycling study (n=7) and a fourth study involving two weeks of leg immobilization (n=20, 15 men and 5 women) to determine how MyHC fragmentation was affected. In the 1boutRE study, the fragmentation of all MyHC isoforms (MyHCTotal) increased 3 hours post-RE (~ +200%, p=0.018) and returned to pre-exercise levels by 6 hours post-RE. Immunoprecipitation of MyHCTotal revealed ubiquitination levels remained unaffected at the 3- and 6-hour post-RE time points. Interestingly, a greater increase in magnitude for MyHC type IIa versus I isoform fragmentation occurred 3-hours post-RE (8.6±6.3-fold versus 2.1±0.7-fold, p=0.018). In all 10weekRT participants, the first/naïve and last RE bouts increased MyHCTotal fragmentation 24h post-RE (+65% and +36%, respectively; p<0.001); however, the last RE bout response was attenuated compared to the first bout (p=0.045). The first/naïve bout response was significantly elevated in females only (p<0.001), albeit females also demonstrated a last bout attenuation response (p=0.002). Although an acute cycling bout did not alter MyHCTotal fragmentation, ~8% VL atrophy with two weeks of leg immobilization led to robust MyHCTotal fragmentation (+108%, p<0.001), and no sex-based differences were observed. In summary, RE and disuse atrophy increase MyHC protein fragmentation. A dampened response with 10 weeks of resistance training, and more refined responses in well-trained men, suggest this is an adaptive process. Given the null polyubiquitination IP findings, more research is needed to determine how MyHC fragments are processed. Moreover, further research is needed to determine how aging and disease-associated muscle atrophy affect these outcomes, and whether MyHC fragmentation is a viable surrogate for muscle protein turnover rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Max Michel
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - João G. A. Bergamasco
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maíra C. Scarpelli
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Angleri
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lemuel W. Taylor
- School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, USA
| | - Darryn S. Willoughby
- School of Health Professions, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cleiton A. Libardi
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Nevi L, Pöllänen N, Penna F, Caretti G. Targeting Epigenetic Regulators with HDAC and BET Inhibitors to Modulate Muscle Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16404. [PMID: 38003594 PMCID: PMC10671811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes contribute to the profound alteration in the transcriptional program associated with the onset and progression of muscle wasting in several pathological conditions. Although HDACs and their inhibitors have been extensively studied in the field of muscular dystrophies, the potential of epigenetic inhibitors has only been marginally explored in other disorders associated with muscle atrophy, such as in cancer cachexia and sarcopenia. BET inhibitors represent a novel class of recently developed epigenetic drugs that display beneficial effects in a variety of diseases beyond malignancies. Based on the preliminary in vitro and preclinical data, HDACs and BET proteins contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and sarcopenia, modulating processes related to skeletal muscle mass maintenance and/or metabolism. Thus, epigenetic drugs targeting HDACs and BET proteins may emerge as promising strategies to reverse the catabolic phenotype associated with cachexia and sarcopenia. Further preclinical studies are warranted to delve deeper into the molecular mechanisms associated with the functions of HDACs and BET proteins in muscle atrophy and to establish whether their epigenetic inhibitors represent a prospective therapeutic avenue to alleviate muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nevi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Noora Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Directo D, Lee SR. Cancer Cachexia: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Metabolites 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 37755304 PMCID: PMC10538050 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome developed during malignant tumor growth, is characterized by an accelerated loss of body weight accompanied by the depletion of skeletal muscle mass. This debilitating condition is associated with muscle degradation, impaired immune function, reduced functional capacity, compromised quality of life, and diminished survival in cancer patients. Despite the lack of the known capability of fully reversing or ameliorating this condition, ongoing research is shedding light on promising preclinical approaches that target the disrupted mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review delves into critical aspects of cancer cachexia, including its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, preclinical models for studying the progression of cancer cachexia, methods for clinical assessment, relevant biomarkers, and potential therapeutic strategies. These discussions collectively aim to contribute to the evolving foundation for effective, multifaceted counteractive strategies against this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
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Zheng Y, Dai H, Chen R, Zhong Y, Zhou C, Wang Y, Zhan C, Luo J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes sepsis-induced muscle atrophy via activation of STAT3 and Smad3. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:582-596. [PMID: 36791253 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in skeletal muscle atrophy in various conditions, but the role of ER stress in sepsis-induced muscle atrophy is not well understood. In this study, we conducted experiments in wild-type (WT) mice and C/EBP homologous protein knockout (CHOP KO) mice to explore the role and mechanism of ER stress in sepsis-induced muscle atrophy. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to establish a mouse model of sepsis. In WT mice, the body weight, muscle mass, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers in CLP group both decreased significantly compared with sham group, which revealed that sepsis-induced dramatic muscle atrophy. Additionally, sepsis activated the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), accompanied by the activation of ER stress. In vitro, inhibition of ER stress suppressed the activity of E3 ubiquitin ligases and alleviated the myotube atrophy. In vivo, CHOP KO also reduced the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and UPS-mediated protein degradation, and significantly attenuated sepsis-induced muscle atrophy. Deletion of CHOP also decreased the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Smad3, and inhibition of STAT3 and Smad3 partly reduced proteolysis caused by ER stress in vitro. These findings confirm that ER stress activates UPS-mediated proteolysis and promotes sepsis-induced muscle atrophy, which is partly achieved by activating STAT3 and Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongkai Dai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renyu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Zhong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurou Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengye Zhan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Byeon HR, Jang SY, Lee Y, Kim D, Hong MG, Lee D, Shin JH, Seo JG. New Strains of Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii are Effective for Improving the Muscle Strength of Mice with Immobilization-Induced Muscular Atrophy. J Med Food 2022; 25:565-575. [PMID: 35708632 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular atrophy is a muscle disease in which muscle mass and strength decrease due to aging, injury, metabolic disorders, or chronic conditions. Proteins in muscle tissue are degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and atrophy accelerates this pathway. Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strains are effective agents against metabolic and inflammatory diseases in next-generation probiotic research. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of A. muciniphila strain EB-AMDK19 and F. prausnitzii strain EB-FPDK11 in a mouse model of muscular atrophy, since atrophy inhibits energy metabolism and immune activation. After oral administration of each strain for 4 weeks, the hind legs of the mice were fixed with a plaster cast to immobilize them for a week. As a result, the administration of EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 strains improved grip strength but did not increase muscle mass. At the molecular level, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii treatments decreased the expression levels of ubiquitin-proteasome genes, atrogin-1, MuRF, and cathepsin L. They increased the expression level of the mitochondrial biogenesis regulatory gene, PGC-1α. The effect of the strains was confirmed by a decrease in myostatin. Furthermore, A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii modulated the immune function by enhancing ZO-1 and inhibiting IL-6. In particular, EB-AMDK19 promoted the expression of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that A. muciniphila and F. prausnitzii may have beneficial effects on muscular atrophy, verified by newly isolated EB-AMDK19 and EB-FPDK11 as potential next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Byeon
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Seo-Yul Jang
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Yoonmi Lee
- Efficacy Assessment Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dohak Kim
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- Strain Development Team, R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Korea
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Park SM, Kim J, Baek S, Jeon JY, Lee SJ, Kang SY, Yoo MY, Yoon HJ, Kwon SH, Lim K, Oh SJ, Kim BS, Lee KP, Moon BS. Feasibility of 18F-Fluorocholine PET for Evaluating Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in a Starved Rat Model. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051274. [PMID: 35626428 PMCID: PMC9141294 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging techniques for diagnosing muscle atrophy and sarcopenia remain insufficient, although various advanced diagnostic methods have been established. We explored the feasibility of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for evaluating skeletal muscle atrophy, as an imaging technique that tracks choline level changes in muscles. Cell uptake in L6 cells by 18F-FCH was performed in a complete medium containing serum (untreated group, UN) and a serum-free medium (starved group, ST). Small-animal-dedicated PET/CT imaging with 18F-FCH was examined in in-vivo models with rats that were starved for 2 days to cause muscle atrophy. After the hind limbs were dissected, starvation-induced in-vivo models were anatomically confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression levels of the atrophy markers muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) and atrogin-1. 18F-FCH uptake was lower in the starvation-induced cells than in the untreated group, and in-vivo PET uptake also revealed a similar tendency (the average standardized uptake value (SUVmean) = 0.26 ± 0.06 versus 0.37 ± 0.07, respectively). Furthermore, the expression levels of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 mRNA were significantly increased in the starvation-induced muscle atrophy of rats compared to the untreated group. 18F-FCH PET/CT may be a promising tool for diagnosing skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Suji Baek
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 01411, Korea;
| | - Joo-Yeong Jeon
- Seoul Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.J.L.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Min Young Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea; (M.Y.Y.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea; (M.Y.Y.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Seung Hae Kwon
- Seoul Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.J.L.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.K.); (K.P.L.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 01411, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.S.K.); (K.P.L.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.K.); (K.P.L.); (B.S.M.)
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8
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Ichimura E, Ojima K, Muroya S, Suzuki T, Kobayashi K, Nishimura T. The ubiquitin ligase Ozz decreases the replacement rate of embryonic myosin in myofibrils. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15003. [PMID: 34435451 PMCID: PMC8387782 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin, the most abundant myofibrillar protein in skeletal muscle, functions as a motor protein in muscle contraction. Myosin polymerizes into the thick filaments in the sarcomere where approximately 50% of embryonic myosin (Myh3) are replaced within 3 h (Ojima K, Ichimura E, Yasukawa Y, Wakamatsu J, Nishimura T, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 309: C669-C679, 2015). The sarcomere structure including the thick filament is maintained by a balance between protein biosynthesis and degradation. However, the involvement of a protein degradation system in the myosin replacement process remains unclear. Here, we show that the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase Ozz regulates replacement rate of Myh3. To examine the direct effect of Ozz on myosin replacement, eGFP-Myh3 replacement rate was measured in myotubes overexpressing Ozz by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Ozz overexpression significantly decreased the replacement rate of eGFP-Myh3 in the myofibrils, whereas it had no effect on other myosin isoforms. It is likely that ectopic Ozz promoted myosin degradation through increment of ubiquitinated myosin, and decreased myosin supply for replacement, thereby reducing myosin replacement rate. Intriguingly, treatment with a proteasome inhibitor MG132 also decreased myosin replacement rate, although MG132 enhanced the accumulation of ubiquitinated myosin in the cytosol where replaceable myosin is pooled, suggesting that ubiquitinated myosin is not replaced by myosin in the myofibril. Collectively, our findings showed that Myh3 replacement rate was reduced in the presence of overexpressed Ozz probably through enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of Myh3 by Ozz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Ichimura
- Research Faculty of AgricultureGraduate School of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Koichi Ojima
- Muscle Biology Research UnitDivision of Animal Products ResearchInstitute of Livestock and Grassland ScienceNAROTsukubaJapan
| | - Susumu Muroya
- Muscle Biology Research UnitDivision of Animal Products ResearchInstitute of Livestock and Grassland ScienceNAROTsukubaJapan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Research Faculty of AgricultureGraduate School of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Bioresource SciencesFaculty of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Research Faculty of AgricultureGraduate School of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Research Faculty of AgricultureGraduate School of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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Jayawardena TU, Kim SY, Jeon YJ. Sarcopenia; functional concerns, molecular mechanisms involved, and seafood as a nutritional intervention - review article. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1983-2003. [PMID: 34459311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1969889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental basis for the human function is provided by skeletal muscle. Advancing age causes selective fiber atrophy, motor unit loss, and hybrid fiber formation resulting in hampered mass and strength, thus referred to as sarcopenia. Influence on the loss of independence of aged adults, contribute toward inclined healthcare costs conveys the injurious impact. The current understating of age-related skeletal muscle changes are addressed in this review, and further discusses mechanisms regulating protein turnover, although they do not completely define the process yet. Moreover, the reduced capacity of muscle regeneration due to impairment of satellite cell activation and proliferation with neuronal, immunological, hormonal factors were brought into the light of attention. Nevertheless, complete understating of sarcopenia requires disentangling it from disuse and disease. Nutritional intervention is considered a potentially preventable factor contributing to sarcopenia. Seafood is a crucial player in the fight against hunger and malnutrition, where it consists of macro and micronutrients. Hence, the review shed light on seafood as a nutritional intrusion in the treatment and prevention of sarcopenia. Understanding multiple factors will provide therapeutic targets in the prevention, treatment, and overcoming adverse effects of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina U Jayawardena
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Division of Practical Application, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo-si, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.,Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju Self-Governing Province, Republic of Korea
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10
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Tang L, An S, Zhang Z, Fan X, Guo J, Sun L, Ta D. MSTN is a key mediator for low-intensity pulsed ultrasound preventing bone loss in hindlimb-suspended rats. Bone 2021; 143:115610. [PMID: 32829040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been used to accelerate bone fracture healing. However, the issue whether LIPUS is effective in preventing osteoporosis has not been clarified, and if so, what possible mechanisms might be responsible. Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of muscle growth, and its absence will trigger a positive response to bone. In this study, we examined the effects of LIPUS on bone micro-structure, mechanical properties and damage healing of hindlimb-suspended rats, and investigated whether the inhibition of MSTN plays a role in this process. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: Normal control group (NC), Hind limb suspension group (HLS), Hind limb suspension and 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (HLS+ 80 mW/cm2), Hind limb suspension and 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation group (HLS+ 30 mW/cm2). The HLS+ 80 mW/cm2 rats were treated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 80 mW/cm2) and the HLS+ 30 mW/cm2 rats were treated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 30 mW/cm2) on the femur for 20 min/day for 28 days. MC3T3-E1 cells were respectively cultured with the serum of wild type mouse and MSTN knockout mouse at 1% concentration for 7 days. After 28 days, LIPUS effectively prevented the destruction of bone microstructure and the decline of mechanical properties, and promoted bone defect healing in the tail-suspended rats. In addition, LIPUS effectively reduced the MSTN content in the quadriceps and serum of the tail-suspended rats, inhibited its receptor and downstream signaling molecules and activated the Wnt signaling pathway in femurs. Growth of MC-3T3-E1 cell cultured with the serum of MSTN knockout mice was superior to that with wild mice serum on day 7. These results indicate that MSTN is a key mediator in LIPUS preventing bone loss caused by hindlimb-suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shasha An
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Dean Ta
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention (MICCAI) of Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Wiedmer P, Jung T, Castro JP, Pomatto LC, Sun PY, Davies KJ, Grune T. Sarcopenia - Molecular mechanisms and open questions. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101200. [PMID: 33130247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents a muscle-wasting syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength occurring during normal aging. Sarcopenia patients are mainly suffering from the loss in muscle strength and are faced with mobility disorders reducing their quality of life and are, therefore, at higher risk for morbidity (falls, bone fracture, metabolic diseases) and mortality. Several molecular mechanisms have been described as causes for sarcopenia that refer to very different levels of muscle physiology. These mechanisms cover e. g. function of hormones (e. g. IGF-1 and Insulin), muscle fiber composition and neuromuscular drive, myo-satellite cell potential to differentiate and proliferate, inflammatory pathways as well as intracellular mechanisms in the processes of proteostasis and mitochondrial function. In this review, we describe sarcopenia as a muscle-wasting syndrome distinct from other atrophic diseases and summarize the current view on molecular causes of sarcopenia development as well as open questions provoking further research efforts for establishing efficient lifestyle and therapeutic interventions.
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12
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Hagg A, Kharoud S, Goodchild G, Goodman CA, Chen JL, Thomson RE, Qian H, Gregorevic P, Harrison CA, Walton KL. TMEPAI/PMEPA1 Is a Positive Regulator of Skeletal Muscle Mass. Front Physiol 2020; 11:560225. [PMID: 33250771 PMCID: PMC7672205 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.560225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of myostatin- and activin-mediated SMAD2/3 signaling using ligand traps, such as soluble receptors, ligand-targeting propeptides and antibodies, or follistatin can increase skeletal muscle mass in healthy mice and ameliorate wasting in models of cancer cachexia and muscular dystrophy. However, clinical translation of these extracellular approaches targeting myostatin and activin has been hindered by the challenges of achieving efficacy without potential effects in other tissues. Toward the goal of developing tissue-specific myostatin/activin interventions, we explored the ability of transmembrane prostate androgen-induced (TMEPAI), an inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1)-mediated SMAD2/3 signaling, to promote growth, and counter atrophy, in skeletal muscle. In this study, we show that TMEPAI can block activin A, activin B, myostatin and GDF-11 activity in vitro. To determine the physiological significance of TMEPAI, we employed Adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) delivery of a TMEPAI expression cassette to the muscles of healthy mice, which increased mass by as much as 30%, due to hypertrophy of muscle fibers. To demonstrate that TMEPAI mediates its effects via inhibition of the SMAD2/3 pathway, tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of mice were co-injected with AAV vectors expressing activin A and TMEPAI. In this setting, TMEPAI blocked skeletal muscle wasting driven by activin-induced phosphorylation of SMAD3. In a model of cancer cachexia associated with elevated circulating activin A, delivery of AAV:TMEPAI into TA muscles of mice bearing C26 colon tumors ameliorated the muscle atrophy normally associated with cancer progression. Collectively, the findings indicate that muscle-directed TMEPAI gene delivery can inactivate the activin/myostatin-SMAD3 pathway to positively regulate muscle mass in healthy settings and models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hagg
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Swati Kharoud
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgia Goodchild
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Sunshine Hospital, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin L Chen
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel E Thomson
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly L Walton
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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13
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Parsanathan R, Achari AE, Manna P, Jain SK. l-Cysteine and Vitamin D Co-Supplementation Alleviates Markers of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Vitamin D-Deficient High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113406. [PMID: 33171932 PMCID: PMC7694620 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with musculoskeletal disorders. This study examines whether co-supplementation of l-cysteine (LC) and VD is better than monotherapy with LC or VD at alleviating musculoskeletal dyshomeostasis in the skeletal muscle of VD-deficient high-fat diet (HFD-VD-) fed mice. Mice were fed a healthy diet or an HFD; for VD-deficient animals, the mice were maintained on a HFD-VD-diet (16 weeks); after the first 8 weeks, the HFD-VD-diet-fed mice were supplemented for another 8 weeks with LC, VD-alone, or the same doses of LC + VD by oral gavage. Saline and olive oil served as controls. Myotubes were exposed with high-glucose, palmitate, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), to mimic the in vivo microenvironment. In vitro deficiencies of glutathione and hydrogen sulfide were induced by knockdown of GCLC and CSE genes. Relative gene expression of biomarkers (myogenic: MyoD, Mef2c, Csrp3; muscle dystrophy: Atrogin1, Murf1, and Myostatin; bone modeling and remodeling: RANK, RANKL, OPG) were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Co-supplementatoin with LC + VD showed beneficial effects on gene expression of myogenic markers and OPG but reduced markers of dystrophy, RANK/RANKL in comparison to LC or VD alone-supplementation. In vitro myotubes treated with glutathione (GSH) precursors also showed a positive effect on OPG and the myogenesis genes, and inhibited RANK/RANKL and muscle-dystrophy markers. This study reveals that the co-supplementation of LC with VD significantly alleviates the markers of musculoskeletal disorders in the skeletal muscle better than monotherapy with LC or VD in HFD-VD-fed mice.
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14
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Cai EY, Kufeld MN, Schuster S, Arora S, Larkin M, Germanos AA, Hsieh AC, Beronja S. Selective Translation of Cell Fate Regulators Mediates Tolerance to Broad Oncogenic Stress. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:270-283.e7. [PMID: 32516567 PMCID: PMC7993921 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human skin tolerates a surprisingly high burden of oncogenic lesions. Although adult epidermis can suppress the expansion of individual mutant clones, the mechanisms behind tolerance to oncogene activation across broader regions of tissue are unclear. Here, we uncover a dynamic translational mechanism that coordinates oncogenic HRAS-induced hyperproliferation with loss of progenitor self-renewal to restrain aberrant growth and tumorigenesis. We identify translation initiator eIF2B5 as a central co-regulator of HRAS proliferation and cell fate choice. By coupling in vivo ribosome profiling with genetic screening, we provide direct evidence that oncogene-induced loss of progenitor self-renewal is driven by eIF2B5-mediated translation of ubiquitination genes. Ubiquitin ligase FBXO32 specifically inhibits epidermal renewal without affecting overall proliferation, thus restraining HRAS-driven tumorigenesis while maintaining normal tissue growth. Thus, oncogene-driven translation is not necessarily inherently tumor promoting but instead can manage widespread oncogenic stress by steering progenitor fate to prolong normal tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Y Cai
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Megan N Kufeld
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Samantha Schuster
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Madeline Larkin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexandre A Germanos
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Slobodan Beronja
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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15
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Aguirre F, Abrigo J, Gonzalez F, Gonzalez A, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Protective Effect of Angiotensin 1-7 on Sarcopenia Induced by Chronic Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113891. [PMID: 32485991 PMCID: PMC7312494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the more common extrahepatic features in patients with these pathologies. Among the cellular alterations observed in the muscle tissue under CLD is the decline in the muscle strength and function, as well as the increased fatigue. Morphological changes, such as a decrease in the fiber diameter and transition in the fiber type, are also reported. At the molecular level, sarcopenia for CLD is characterized by: (i) a decrease in the sarcomeric protein, such as myosin heavy chain (MHC); (ii) an increase in the ubiquitin–proteasome system markers, such as atrogin-1/MAFbx1 and MuRF-1/TRIM63; (iii) an increase in autophagy markers, such as LC3II/LC3I ratio. Among the regulators of muscle mass is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The non-classical axis of RAS includes the Angiotensin 1–7 [Ang-(1-7)] peptide and its receptor Mas, which in skeletal muscle has anti-atrophic effect in models of muscle wasting induced by immobilization, lipopolysaccharide, myostatin or angiotensin II. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of Ang-(1-7) on the sarcopenia by CLD in a murine model induced by the 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) hepatotoxin administered through diet. Our results show that Ang-(1-7) administration prevented the decline of the function and strength of muscle and increased the fatigue detected in the DDC-fed mice. Besides, we observed that the decreased fiber diameter and MHC levels, as well as the transition of fiber types, were all abolished by Ang-(1-7) in mice fed with DDC. Finally, Ang-(1-7) can decrease the atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression as well as the autophagy marker in mice treated with DDC. Together, our data support the protective role of Ang-(1-7) on the sarcopenia by CLD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguirre
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile; (F.A.); (J.A.); (F.G.); (A.G.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8370146, Chile;
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8350709, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +56227703665
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16
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Watanabe H, Enoki Y, Maruyama T. Sarcopenia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Factors, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Interventions. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1437-1445. [PMID: 31474705 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a chronic catabolic condition, is characterized by muscle wasting and decreased muscle endurance. Many insights into the molecular mechanisms of muscle wasting in CKD have been obtained. A persistent imbalance between protein degradation and synthesis in muscle causes muscle wasting. During muscle wasting, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines are detected in muscle. These increased ROS and inflammatory cytokine levels induce the expression of myostatin. The myostatin binding to its receptor activin A receptor type IIB stimulates the expression of atrogenes such as atrogin-1 and muscle ring factor 1, members of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase family. Impaired mitochondrial function also contributes to reducing muscle endurance. The increased protein-bound uremic toxin, parathyroid hormone, glucocorticoid, and angiotensin II levels that are observed in CKD all have a negative effect on muscle mass and endurance. Among the protein-bound uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate, an indole-containing compound has the potential to induce muscle atrophy by stimulating ROS-mediated myostatin and atrogenes expression. Indoxyl sulfate also impairs mitochondrial function. Some potential therapeutic approaches based on the muscle wasting mechanisms in CKD are currently in the testing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yuki Enoki
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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17
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Li R, Zeng W, Ma M, Wei Z, Liu H, Liu X, Wang M, Shi X, Zeng J, Yang L, Mo D, Liu X, Chen Y, He Z. Precise editing of myostatin signal peptide by CRISPR/Cas9 increases the muscle mass of Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:149-163. [PMID: 31927726 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is a negative regulator of muscle growth and development. Disruption of the MSTN gene in various mammalian species markedly promotes muscle growth. Previous studies have mainly focused on the disruption of the MSTN peptide coding region in pigs but not on the modification of the signal peptide region. In this study, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system was used to successfully introduce two mutations (PVD20H and GP19del) in the MSTN signal peptide region of the indigenous Chinese pig breed, Liang Guang Small Spotted pig. Both mutations in signal peptide increased the muscle mass without inhibiting the production of mature MSTN peptide in the cells. Histological analysis revealed that the enhanced muscle mass in MSTN+/PVD20H pig was mainly due to an increase in the number of muscle fibers. The expression of MSTN in the longissimus dorsi muscle of MSTN+/PVD20H and MSTNKO/PVD20H pigs was significantly downregulated, whereas that of myogenic regulatory factors, including MyoD, Myogenin, and Myf-5, was significantly upregulated when compared to those in the longissimus dorsi muscle of wild-type pigs. Meanwhile, the mutations also activated the PI3K/Akt pathway. The results of this study indicated that precise editing of the MSTN signal peptide can enhance porcine muscle development without markedly affecting the expression of mature MSTN peptide, which could exert other beneficial biological functions in the edited pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zeng
- Guangdong YIHAO Food Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510620, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfang Yang
- Guangdong YIHAO Food Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510620, People's Republic of China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 3 Road of Higher Education Mega Centre North, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Marzuca-Nassr GN, Fortes MAS, Guimarães-Ferreira L, Murata GM, Vitzel KF, Vasconcelos DAA, Bassit RA, Curi R. Short-term creatine supplementation changes protein metabolism signaling in hindlimb suspension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8391. [PMID: 31596311 PMCID: PMC6787955 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a short-term creatine supplementation on hindlimb suspension (HS)-induced muscle atrophy was investigated. Creatine monohydrate (5 g/kg b.w. per day) or placebo, divided in 2 daily doses, was given by oral gavage for 5 days. Rats were maintained in HS with dietary supplementation concomitantly for 5 days. Body weight, soleus and EDL muscle masses, and cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the muscle fibers were measured. Signaling pathways associated with skeletal muscle mass regulation (FST, MSTN, FAK, IGF-1, MGF, Akt, mTOR, atrogin-1, and MuRF1 expressions, and Akt, S6, GSK3B, and 4EBP1 proteins) were evaluated in the muscles. Soleus muscle exhibited more atrophy than the EDL muscle due to HS. Creatine supplementation attenuated the decrease of wet weight and increased p-4EBP1 protein in the EDL muscle of HS rats. Also, creatine increased mTOR and atrogin-1 expressions in the same muscle and condition. In the absence of HS, creatine supplementation increased FAK and decreased MGF expressions in the EDL muscle. Creatine attenuated the increase in FST expression due to HS in the soleus muscle. MuRF1 expression increased in the soleus muscle due to creatine supplementation in HS animals whereas atrogin-1 expression increased still further in this group compared with untreated HS rats. In conclusion, short-term creatine supplementation changed protein metabolism signaling in soleus and EDL muscles. However, creatine supplementation only slightly attenuated the mass loss of both muscles and did not prevent the CSA reduction and muscle strength decrease induced by HS for 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Marzuca-Nassr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M A S Fortes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L Guimarães-Ferreira
- Grupo de Estudos em Fisiologia Muscular e Performance Humana, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - G M Murata
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - K F Vitzel
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - D A A Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R A Bassit
- Departamento da Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Curi
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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19
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Chen L, Chen L, Wan L, Huo Y, Huang J, Li J, Lu J, Xin B, Yang Q, Guo C. Matrine improves skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligases and activating the Akt/mTOR/FoxO3α signaling pathway in C2C12 myotubes and mice. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:479-494. [PMID: 31233199 PMCID: PMC6610044 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a feature of cancer cachexia that increases patient morbidity and mortality. Matrine, the main bioactive component of Sophora flavescens, has been approved for the prevention and therapy of cancer cachexia in China. However, to the best of our knowledge, its mechanism in improving muscle wasting remains unknown. The present study demonstrated that matrine increases muscle fiber size and muscle mass in an in vivo CT26 colon adenocarcinoma cachexia mouse model. Concurrently, other cachexia symptoms, including body and organ weight loss, were alleviated. In in vitro experiments, matrine substantially improved C2C12 myoblast differentiation with or without dexamethasone treatment. In addition, matrine reduced C2C12 myotube atrophy and apoptosis induced by dexamethasone, tumor necrosis factor α and conditioned medium. Two E3 ubiquitin ligases, muscle RING-finger containing protein-1 and muscle atrophy Fbox protein, which are specifically expressed in wasting skeletal muscle, were also significantly downregulated (P<0.05) by matrine both in C2C12 myotubes and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, matrine increased the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and FoxO3α in the atrophying C2C12 myotube induced by dexamethasone. In conclusion, matrine can alleviate muscle atrophy and improve myoblast differentiation possibly by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligases and activating the Akt/mTOR/FoxO3α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Lili Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jinlu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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20
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Bouchè M, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Proietti D, Madaro L. Do neurogenic and cancer-induced muscle atrophy follow common or divergent paths? Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7931. [PMID: 30662704 PMCID: PMC6317130 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue capable of responding to a large variety of physiological stimuli by adjusting muscle fiber size, metabolism and function. However, in pathological conditions such as cancer and neural disorders, this finely regulated homeostasis is impaired leading to severe muscle wasting, reduced muscle fiber size (atrophy), and impaired function. These disease features develop due to enhanced protein breakdown, which relies on two major degradation systems: the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosome. These systems are independently regulated by different signalling pathways, which in physiological conditions, determine protein and organelle turnover. However, alterations in one or both systems, as it happens in several disorders, leads to enhanced protein breakdown and muscle atrophy. Although this is a common feature in the different types of muscle atrophy, the relative contribution of each of these systems is still under debate. Here, we will briefly describe the regulation and the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosome systems during muscle wasting. We will then discuss what we know regarding how these pathways are involved in cancer induced and in neurogenic muscle atrophy, highlighting common and divergent paths. It is now clear that there is no one unifying common mechanism that can be applied to all models of muscle loss. Detailed understanding of the pathways and proteolysis mechanisms involved in each model will hopefully help the development of drugs to counteract muscle wasting in specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bouchè
- DAHFMO, Unit of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | | | - Daisy Proietti
- DAHFMO, Unit of Histology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Madaro
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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21
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22
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Cai M, Wang Q, Liu Z, Jia D, Feng R, Tian Z. Effects of different types of exercise on skeletal muscle atrophy, antioxidant capacity and growth factors expression following myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2018; 213:40-49. [PMID: 30312703 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied with skeletal muscle abnormalities. The aims are to explore an optimal exercise mode to improve cardiac function and prevent skeletal muscle atrophy, and detect the possible mechanisms of exercise-induced inhibition of muscle atrophy. MAIN METHODS Rats were subjected to four weeks of different types of exercise after MI surgery (resistance training, RT; moderated-intensity continuous aerobic exercise, MCE and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise, HIA). Cardiac function, histological changes of heart and skeletal muscle, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and the expression of muscle atrophy-related factors were detected in skeletal muscle. KEY FINDINGS The three types of exercise improved heart function, reduced cardiac fibrosis and increased muscle weight and cross-section area (CSA) of muscle fibers in different degrees. The survival rates of MI rats intervened by RT and MCE were higher than HIA. Exercise down-regulated the mRNA levels of murf1 and atrogin-1, decreased reactive oxygen species level, increased antioxidant capacity, regulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), mechano growth factor (MGF), Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and Myostatin (MSTN), and activated Akt and Erk1/2 signalings in soleus muscle. Furthermore, CSA of muscle fibers and the expression of IGF1, MGF, NRG1 in skeletal muscle had correlations with cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE RT and MCE are the first two choices for the early exercise rehabilitation following MI. All types of exercise can effectively inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy through increasing the antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and protein degradation, and regulating the growth factors expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Qing'an Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China.
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23
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Wang Y, Ma J, Qiu W, Zhang J, Feng S, Zhou X, Wang X, Jin L, Long K, Liu L, Xiao W, Tang Q, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Li X, Li M. Guanidinoacetic Acid Regulates Myogenic Differentiation and Muscle Growth Through miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p Co-mediated Akt/mTOR/S6K Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092837. [PMID: 30235878 PMCID: PMC6163908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), an amino acid derivative that is endogenous to animal tissues including muscle and nerve, has been reported to enhance muscular performance. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a post-transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in nutrient-mediated myogenesis. However, the effects of GAA on myogenic differentiation and skeletal muscle growth, and the potential regulatory mechanisms of miRNA in these processes have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of GAA on proliferation, differentiation, and growth in C2C12 cells and mice. The results showed that GAA markedly inhibited the proliferation of myoblasts, along with the down-regulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) mRNA expression, and the upregulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) mRNA expression. We also demonstrated that GAA treatment stimulated myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) and myogenin (MyoG) mRNA expression, resulting in an increase in the myotube fusion rate. Meanwhile, GAA supplementation promoted myotube growth through increase in total myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein level, myotubes thickness and gastrocnemius muscle cross-sectional area. Furthermore, small RNA sequencing revealed that a total of eight miRNAs, including miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p cluster, showed differential expression after GAA supplementation. To further study the function of miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p in GAA-induced skeletal muscle growth, we transfected miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p mimics into myotube, which also induced muscle growth. Through bioinformatics and a dual-luciferase reporter system, the target genes of miR-133a-3p and miR-1a-3p were determined. These two miRNAs were shown to modulate the Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway by restraining target gene expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that GAA supplementation can promote myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle growth through miR-133a-3p- and miR-1a-3p-induced activation of the AKT/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jideng Ma
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wanling Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Siyuan Feng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiankun Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Keren Long
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Lingyan Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Weihang Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
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24
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Lambert M, Bastide B, Cieniewski-Bernard C. Involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in the Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Physiopathology: Focus on Muscle Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:578. [PMID: 30459708 PMCID: PMC6232757 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents around 40% of whole body mass. The principal function of skeletal muscle is the conversion of chemical energy toward mechanic energy to ensure the development of force, provide movement and locomotion, and maintain posture. This crucial energy dependence is maintained by the faculty of the skeletal muscle for being a central place as a "reservoir" of amino acids and carbohydrates in the whole body. A fundamental post-translational modification, named O-GlcNAcylation, depends, inter alia, on these nutrients; it consists to the transfer or the removal of a unique monosaccharide (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) to a serine or threonine hydroxyl group of nucleocytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins in a dynamic process by the O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be strongly involved in crucial intracellular mechanisms through the modulation of signaling pathways, gene expression, or cytoskeletal functions in various organs and tissues, such as the brain, liver, kidney or pancreas, and linked to the etiology of associated diseases. In recent years, several studies were also focused on the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the physiology and the physiopathology of skeletal muscle. These studies were mostly interested in O-GlcNAcylation during muscle exercise or muscle-wasting conditions. Major findings pointed out a different "O-GlcNAc signature" depending on muscle type metabolism at resting, wasting and exercise conditions, as well as depending on acute or long-term exhausting exercise protocol. First insights showed some differential OGT/OGA expression and/or activity associated with some differential stress cellular responses through Reactive Oxygen Species and/or Heat-Shock Proteins. Robust data displayed that these O-GlcNAc changes could lead to (i) a differential modulation of the carbohydrates metabolism, since the majority of enzymes are known to be O-GlcNAcylated, and to (ii) a differential modulation of the protein synthesis/degradation balance since O-GlcNAcylation regulates some key signaling pathways such as Akt/GSK3β, Akt/mTOR, Myogenin/Atrogin-1, Myogenin/Mef2D, Mrf4 and PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle. Finally, such involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in some metabolic processes of the skeletal muscle might be linked to some associated diseases such as type 2 diabetes or neuromuscular diseases showing a critical increase of the global O-GlcNAcylation level.
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25
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Wu LF, Zhu DC, Wang BH, Lu YH, He P, Zhang YH, Gao HQ, Zhu XW, Xia W, Zhu H, Mo XB, Lu X, Zhang L, Zhang YH, Deng FY, Lei SF. Relative abundance of mature myostatin rather than total myostatin is negatively associated with bone mineral density in Chinese. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1329-1336. [PMID: 29247983 PMCID: PMC5783859 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin is mainly secreted by skeletal muscle and negatively regulates skeletal muscle growth. However, the roles of myostatin on bone metabolism are still largely unknown. Here, we recruited two large populations containing 6308 elderly Chinese and conducted comprehensive statistical analyses to evaluate the associations among lean body mass (LBM), plasma myostatin, and bone mineral density (BMD). Our data revealed that total myostatin in plasma was mainly determined by LBM. The relative abundance of mature myostatin (mature/total) was significantly lower in high versus low BMD subjects. Moreover, the relative abundance of mature myostatin was positively correlated with bone resorption marker. Finally, we carried out in vitro experiments and found that myostatin has inhibitory effects on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoprogenitor cells. Taken together, our results have demonstrated that the relative abundance of mature myostatin in plasma is negatively associated with BMD, and the underlying functional mechanism for the association is most likely through inhibiting osteoblastogenesis and promoting osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Fei Wu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sihong People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing-Hua Wang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Hua Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei He
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Hong Zhang
- Disease Prevention and Control Center of Suzhou high Tech Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Qin Gao
- Shishan Community Health Service Center, Suzhou High Tech Zone, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-Bo Mo
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei-Yan Deng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu-Feng Lei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Manfredi LH, Paula-Gomes S, Zanon NM, Kettelhut IC. Myostatin promotes distinct responses on protein metabolism of skeletal and cardiac muscle fibers of rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6733. [PMID: 29069231 PMCID: PMC5649873 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Myostatin is a novel negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Myostatin expression is also found in heart in a much less extent, but it can be upregulated in pathological conditions, such as heart failure. Myostatin may be involved in inhibiting protein synthesis and/or increasing protein degradation in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Herein, we used cell cultures and isolated muscles from rats to determine protein degradation and synthesis. Muscles incubated with myostatin exhibited an increase in proteolysis with an increase of Atrogin-1, MuRF1 and LC3 genes. Extensor digitorum longus muscles and C2C12 myotubes exhibited a reduction in protein turnover. Cardiomyocytes showed an increase in proteolysis by activating autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system, and a decrease in protein synthesis by decreasing P70S6K. The effect of myostatin on protein metabolism is related to fiber type composition, which may be associated to the extent of atrophy mediated effect of myostatin on muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Manfredi
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | - S Paula-Gomes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - N M Zanon
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - I C Kettelhut
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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27
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Saneyasu T, Tsuchii N, Nakano Y, Kitashiro A, Tsuchihashi T, Shindo H, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. Effects of short-term fasting on the Akt-mediated pathway involved in protein metabolism in chicken skeletal muscle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 61:54-61. [PMID: 28710921 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we show that short-term (4 h) fasting significantly decreased the levels of protein synthesis-related factors such as the plasma insulin concentration, skeletal muscle pAkt, and pS6 levels in 2-wk-old chickens (P < 0.05). An intravenous injection of insulin significantly elevated the contents of pAkt and p-S6 in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that decreasing the plasma insulin causes the downregulation of the Akt/S6 pathway in chicken skeletal muscle under short-term fasting conditions. However, protein synthesis was not significantly affected by short-term fasting. In addition, no significant change was observed in the levels of proteolysis-related factors such as plasma Nτ-methylhistidine, phosphorylated forkhead box class O, and muscle ring finger-1 during 4-h fasting, indicating that short-term fasting does not induce skeletal muscle proteolysis in chickens. Interestingly, atrogin-1 expression significantly increased after 2-h fasting (P < 0.05), and insulin injection significantly reversed the fasting-induced atrogin-1 expression in chicken skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that short-term fasting downregulates the insulin-stimulated Akt/S6 pathway but does not significantly affect protein synthesis and proteolysis in chicken skeletal muscle, and that atrogin-1 expression is upregulated in a FOXO1-independent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saneyasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - N Tsuchii
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Y Nakano
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - A Kitashiro
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - T Tsuchihashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Shindo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - K Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Kamisoyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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28
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Zeng X, Chen S, Yang Y, Ke Z. Acylated and unacylated ghrelin inhibit atrophy in myotubes co-cultured with colon carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:72872-72885. [PMID: 29069832 PMCID: PMC5641175 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a result of increased protein degradation and decreased protein synthesis. The multifunctional circulating hormone ghrelin promotes synthesis and inhibits degradation of muscle protein, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether co-culturing C2C12 myotubes with CT26 colon carcinoma cells induces myotube atrophy, and whether acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UnAG) had anti-atrophic effects. We found that co-culture induced myotube atrophy and increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and myostatin concentrations in the culture medium. Moreover, co-culture down-regulated myogenin and MyoD expression, inhibited the Akt signaling, up-regulated ubiquitin E3 ligase expression, and activated the calpain system and autophagy in myotubes. Both AG and UnAG inhibited these changes. Our study describes a novel in vitro model that can be employed to investigate cancer cachexia, and our findings suggest a possible use for AG and UnAG in treating cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Sizeng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
| | - Zhao Ke
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
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29
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Resistance training regulates gene expression of molecules associated with intramyocellular lipids, glucose signaling and fiber size in old rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8593. [PMID: 28819168 PMCID: PMC5561018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex multifactorial process, some of which involves fat infiltration. Intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation is postulated to play a role on sarcopenia during aging, which is believed to be due alterations in glucose homeostasis in the skeletal muscle. Sarcopenia, along with intramuscular lipids, is associated with physical inactivity. Resistance training (RT) has been indicated to minimize the age-induced muscle skeletal adaptations. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of RT on mRNA levels of regulatory components related to intramyocellular lipid, glucose metabolism and fiber size in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of aged rats. Old male rats were submitted to RT (ladder climbing, progressive load, 3 times a week for 12 weeks). Age-induced accumulation of IMCL was attenuated by RT, which was linked to a PPARy-mediated mechanism, concomitant to enhanced regulatory components of glucose homeostasis (GLUT-4, G6PDH, Hk-2 and Gly-Syn-1). These responses were also linked to decreased catabolic (TNF-α, TWEAK/Fn14 axis; FOXO-1, Atrogin-1 and MuRF1; Myostatin) and increased anabolic intracellular pathways (IGF-1-mTOR-p70S6sk-1 axis; MyoD) in muscles of trained aged rats. Our results point out the importance of RT on modulation of gene expression of intracellular regulators related to age-induced morphological and metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle.
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Dietary leucine supplementation alters energy metabolism and induces slow-to-fast transitions in longissimus dorsi muscle of weanling piglets. Br J Nutr 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractLeucine plays an important role in promoting muscle protein synthesis and muscle remodelling. However, what percentage of leucine is appropriate in creep feed and what proteome profile alterations are caused by dietary leucine in the skeletal muscle of piglets remain elusive. In this case, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to analyse the proteome profile of the longissimus dorsi muscles of weanling piglets fed a normal leucine diet (NL; 1·66 % leucine) and a high-leucine diet (HL; 2·1 % leucine). We identified 157 differentially expressed proteins between these two groups. Bioinformatics analysis of these proteins exhibited the suppression of oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid β-oxidation, as well as the activation of glycolysis, in the HL group. For further confirmation, we identified that SDHB, ATP5F1, ACADM and HADHB were significantly down-regulated (P<0·01, except ATP5F1, P<0·05), whereas the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase was significantly up-regulated (P<0·05) in the HL group. We also show that enhanced muscle protein synthesis and the transition from slow-to-fast fibres are altered by leucine. Together, these results indicate that leucine may alter energy metabolism and promote slow-to-fast transitions in the skeletal muscle of weanling piglets.
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Sakuma K, Aoi W, Yamaguchi A. Molecular mechanism of sarcopenia and cachexia: recent research advances. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:573-591. [PMID: 28101649 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and respiration. Muscle loss occurs as a consequence of several chronic diseases (cachexia) and normal aging (sarcopenia). Although many negative regulators (atrogin-1, muscle ring finger-1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), myostatin, etc.) have been proposed to enhance protein degradation during both sarcopenia and cachexia, the adaptation of these mediators markedly differs within both conditions. Sarcopenia and cachectic muscles have been demonstrated to be abundant in myostatin-linked molecules. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is activated during rapid atrophy model (cancer cachexia), but few mediators of the UPS change during sarcopenia. NF-κB signaling is activated in cachectic, but not in sarcopenic, muscle. Recent studies have indicated the age-related defect of autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle, whereas autophagic activation occurs in cachectic muscle. This review provides recent research advances dealing with molecular mediators modulating muscle mass in both sarcopenia and cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Laboratory of Health Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
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Singh AK, Shree S, Chattopadhyay S, Kumar S, Gurjar A, Kushwaha S, Kumar H, Trivedi AK, Chattopadhyay N, Maurya R, Ramachandran R, Sanyal S. Small molecule adiponectin receptor agonist GTDF protects against skeletal muscle atrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 439:273-285. [PMID: 27645900 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating response to several major diseases, muscle disuse and chronic steroid treatment for which currently no therapy is available. Since adiponectin signaling plays key roles in muscle energetics, we assessed if globular adiponectin (gAd) or the small molecule adiponectin mimetic 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF) could ameliorate muscle atrophy. Both GTDF and gAd induced C2C12 myoblast differentiation. GTDF and gAd effectively prevented reduction in myotube area and suppressed the expressions of atrophy markers; atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF1) in models of steroid, cytokine and starvation -induced muscle atrophy. The protective effects of GTDF and gAd were routed through AMPK and AKT activation and thereby stimulation of PPAR gamma coactivator 1α and inhibition of forkhead box O transcription factors. Finally, GTDF and gAd mitigated dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in vivo. Together, our results demonstrate that activating adiponectin signaling may be an effective therapeutic strategy against skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sonal Shree
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sourav Chattopadhyay
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Campus, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anagha Gurjar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Campus, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Arun Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ravishankar Ramachandran
- Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sanyal
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Central Drug Research Institute Campus, 10, Janakipuram Extn, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Wang J, Wang F, Zhang P, Liu H, He J, Zhang C, Fan M, Chen X. PGC-1α over-expression suppresses the skeletal muscle atrophy and myofiber-type composition during hindlimb unloading. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:500-513. [PMID: 27869526 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1254531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Disuse leads to severe muscle atrophy and a slow-to-fast myofiber-type transition. PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α) is documented to play an important role in muscle atrophy and slow-twitch myofiber determination. Transcription of atrophy-related Atrogin-1 by FoxO3 can be reduced by PGC-1α. While Smad3 augments FoxO3-induced Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 promoter activity. So PGC-1α, as a transcription co-activator, may regulate hindlimb unloading (HU)-induced myofiber-type transition and muscle atrophy through Smad3. Our results showed that transgenic PGC-1α mice resisted HU-induced muscle loss, atrophy-related genes expression, and slow-to-fast myofiber-type transition. Furthermore, over-expression of PGC-1α resisted the increase in pSmad3 during muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. And, PGC-1α over-expression inhibited the expression of atrogenes via suppressing the phosphorylation of Smad3 in vitro. Thus, PGC-1α is effective in regulating myofiber-type transition during HU, and it alleviates skeletal muscle atrophy partially through suppressing the activation of Smad3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- a Department of Neurobiology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Wang
- b National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering , China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing , China
| | - Peng Zhang
- c State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application , China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing , China
| | - Hongju Liu
- c State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application , China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing , China
| | - Jian He
- c State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application , China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing , China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- d State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ming Fan
- a Department of Neurobiology , School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- b National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering , China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing , China.,c State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application , China Astronaut Research and Training Center , Beijing , China
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Chen JL, Colgan TD, Walton KL, Gregorevic P, Harrison CA. The TGF-β Signalling Network in Muscle Development, Adaptation and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 900:97-131. [PMID: 27003398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable ability to change its size and force-producing capacity in response to physiological stimuli. Impairment of the cellular processes that govern these attributes also affects muscle mass and function in pathological conditions. Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β family, has been identified as a key regulator of muscle development, and adaptation in adulthood. In muscle, myostatin binds to its type I (ALK4/5) and type II (ActRIIA/B) receptors to initiate Smad2/3 signalling and the regulation of target genes that co-ordinate the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Interestingly, evidence is emerging that other TGF-β proteins act in concert with myostatin to regulate the growth and remodelling of skeletal muscle. Consequently, dysregulation of TGF-β proteins and their associated signalling components is increasingly being implicated in muscle wasting associated with chronic illness, ageing, and inactivity. The growing understanding of TGF-β biology in muscle, and its potential to advance the development of therapeutics for muscle-related conditions is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Chen
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Muscle Research and Therapeutics Development, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colgan
- Muscle Research and Therapeutics Development, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly L Walton
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Muscle Research and Therapeutics Development, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
The skeletal muscle mass is known to be controlled by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. The fractional rate of protein synthesis has been reported to decrease age-dependently from 1 to 4 weeks of age in the chicken breast muscle (pectoralis major muscle). On the other hand, age-dependent change of the fractional protein degradation rate was reported to be less in the skeletal muscle of chickens. These findings suggest that protein synthesis is age-dependently downregulated in chicken muscle. We herein investigated the age-dependent changes in protein synthesis or proteolysis-related factors in the breast muscle of 7, 14, 28, and 49-day old broiler chickens. IGF-1 mRNA level, phosphorylation rate of Akt, and phospho-S6 content were coordinately decreased in an age-dependent manner, suggesting that IGF-1-stimulated protein synthesis is downregulated with age in chicken breast muscle. In contrast, atrogin-1, one of the proteolysis-related factors, gradually increased with age at mRNA levels. However, plasma Nτ-methylhistidine concentration, an indicator of skeletal muscle proteolysis, did not coordinately change with atrogin-1 mRNA levels. Taken together, our results suggest that the IGF-1/Akt/S6 signaling pathway is age-dependently downregulated in the chicken breast muscle.
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Sun R, Zhang S, Hu W, Lu X, Lou N, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhang X, Yang H. Valproic acid attenuates skeletal muscle wasting by inhibiting C/EBPβ-regulated atrogin1 expression in cancer cachexia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C101-15. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00344.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is the hallmark of cancer cachexia and is associated with poor quality of life and increased mortality. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has important biological effects in the treatment of muscular dystrophy. To verify whether VPA could ameliorate muscle wasting induced by cancer cachexia, we explored the role of VPA in two cancer cachectic mouse models [induced by colon-26 (C26) adenocarcinoma or Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)] and atrophied C2C12 myotubes [induced by C26 cell conditioned medium (CCM) or LLC cell conditioned medium (LCM)]. Our data demonstrated that treatment with VPA increased the mass and cross-sectional area of skeletal muscles in tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, treatment with VPA also increased the diameter of myotubes cultured in conditioned medium. The skeletal muscles in cachectic mice or atrophied myotubes treated with VPA exhibited reduced levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), resulting in atrogin1 downregulation and the eventual alleviation of muscle wasting and myotube atrophy. Moreover, atrogin1 promoter activity in myotubes was stimulated by CCM via activating the C/EBPβ-responsive cis-element and subsequently inhibited by VPA. In contrast to the effect of VPA on the levels of C/EBPβ, the levels of inactivating forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) were unaffected. In summary, VPA attenuated muscle wasting and myotube atrophy and reduced C/EBPβ binding to atrogin1 promoter locus in the myotubes. Our discoveries indicate that HDAC inhibition by VPA might be a promising new approach for the preservation of skeletal muscle in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Santao Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ning Lou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China; and
| | - Zhende Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shaoyong Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China; and
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
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Cleveland BM, Weber GM. Effects of steroid treatment on growth, nutrient partitioning, and expression of genes related to growth and nutrient metabolism in adult triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56:1-12. [PMID: 26905215 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of sex steroids to nutrient partitioning and energy balance during gonad development was studied in rainbow trout. Specifically, 19-mo old triploid (3N) female rainbow trout were fed treatment diets supplemented with estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), or dihydrotestosterone at 30-mg steroid/kg diet for a 1-mo period. Growth performance, nutrient partitioning, and expression of genes central to growth and nutrient metabolism were compared with 3N and age-matched diploid (2N) female fish consuming a control diet not supplemented with steroids. Only 2 N fish exhibited active gonad development, with gonad weights increasing from 3.7% to 5.5% of body weight throughout the study, whereas gonad weights in 3N fish remained at 0.03%. Triploid fish consuming dihydrotestosterone exhibited faster specific growth rates than 3N-controls (P < 0.05). Consumption of E2 in 3N fish reduced fillet growth and caused lower fillet yield compared with all other treatment groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, viscera fat gain was not affected by steroid consumption (P > 0.05). Gene transcripts associated with physiological pathways were identified in maturing 2N and E2-treated 3N fish that differed in abundance from 3N-control fish (P < 0.05). In liver these mechanisms included the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis (igf1, igf2), IGF binding proteins (igfbp1b1, igfbp2b1, igfbp5b1, igfbp6b1), and genes associated with lipid binding and transport (fabp3, fabp4, lpl, cd36), fatty acid oxidation (cpt1a), and the pparg transcription factor. In muscle, these mechanisms included reductions in myogenic gene expression (fst, myog) and the proteolysis-related gene, cathepsin-L, suggesting an E2-induced reduction in the capacity for muscle growth. These findings suggest that increased E2 signaling in the sexually maturing female rainbow trout alters physiological pathways in liver, particularly those related to IGF signaling and lipid metabolism, to partition nutrients away from muscle growth toward support of maturation-related processes. In contrast, the mobilization of viscera lipid stores appear to be mediated less by E2 and more by energy demands associated with gonad development. These findings improve the understanding of how steroids regulate nutrient metabolism to meet the high energy demands associated with gonad development during sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
| | - G M Weber
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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Protein breakdown in cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 54:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jan AT, Lee EJ, Ahmad S, Choi I. Meeting the meat: delineating the molecular machinery of muscle development. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:18. [PMID: 27168943 PMCID: PMC4862161 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, studied mostly with respect to meat production, represents one of the largest protein reservoirs of the body. As gene expression profiling holds credibility to deal with the increasing demand of food from animal sources, excessive loss due to myopathies and other muscular dystrophies was found detrimental as it aggravates diseases that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Holding key point towards improving the developmental program of muscle in meat producing animals, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the associated pathways in livestock animals is believed to open up new avenues towards enhancing the lean tissue deposition. To this end, identification of vital candidate genes having no known function in myogenesis, is believed to increase the current understanding of the physiological processes going on in the skeletal muscle tissue. Taking consequences of gene expression changes into account, knowledge of the pathways associated with their activation and as such up-regulation seems critical for the overall muscle homeostasis. Having important implications on livestock production, a thorough understanding of postnatal muscle development seems a timely step to fulfil the growing need of ever increasing populations of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Sarafraz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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Busato KC, Gomes RA, Ladeira MM, Duarte MS, Freitas NC, Rodrigues AC, Chalfun-Junior A, Paiva LV, Chizzotti ML. Expression of genes related to the regulation of muscle protein turnover in Angus and Nellore bulls. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1472-81. [PMID: 27136006 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the expression of genes related to the regulation of muscle protein turnover in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of Angus and Nellore bulls and to estimate the within-breed correlations of gene expression and performance traits. Thirteen genes related to the IGF-1 and myostatin pathways were studied. Thirteen animals, with an initial average BW of 381.2 ± 11.8 kg, from each breed were used in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design (2 breeds and 2 feeding levels). The diet consisted of corn silage and a corn-soybean meal concentrate in a roughage-to-concentrate ratio of 30:70. Cattle were fed ad libitum (with 9 animals from each breed) or feed restricted (a 55% restriction of total DMI of ad libitum-fed animals, calculated as percentage of metabolic BW, with 4 animals of each breed). The experimental period lasted for 82 d and it was preceded by a 28-d adaptation period. The performance traits evaluated were slaughter body weight, total ADG (from d 1 to 82 of the trial), initial ADG (from d 1 to 41 of the trial), final ADG (from d 42 to 82 of the trial), total DMI (from d 1 to 82 of the trial), initial DMI (from d 1 to 41 of the trial), final DMI (from d 42 to 82 of the trial), HCW, LD weight (LDW), and rib eye area (REA). After slaughter, samples were taken from the LD muscle between the 12th and 13th ribs for gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. There was no difference ( > 0.05) in the expression of any of the genes studied between ad libitum-fed Angus and ad libitum-fed Nellore, whereas feed restriction increased the expression of (; < 0.001), (; = 0.05), and (; = 0.04) and decreased the expression of ( < 0.01). The REA was negatively correlated to (; = 0.01), (; = 0.02), and ( = 0.05). The HCW was negatively correlated to ( = 0.01) and ( = 0.01) and tended to be negatively correlated to ( = 0.07), whereas the LDW tended to be negatively correlated to ( = 0.08). The genes , , and seem to be important for muscle growth and may be worthy of further investigation as future strategies for increasing muscle in livestock.
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Shi T, Peng W, Yan J, Cai H, Lan X, Lei C, Bai Y, Chen H. A novel 17 bp indel in the <i>SMAD3</i> gene alters transcription level, contributing to phenotypic traits in Chinese cattle. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-151-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. SMAD3, the messenger of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, plays essential roles in myogenesis and osteogenesis and may relate to the regulation of body weight. In this study, a 17 bp indel (NC_007308: g.101893_101909insGAGGATGAGTGCTCCAG) in intron3 of the SMAD3 gene was detected in four Chinese cattle breeds (Qinchuan, Jiaxian, Nanyang and Caoyuan) by using DNA pool sequencing, and its effects on gene expression and growth traits were analyzed in Qinchuan and Caoyuan cattle. The results showed that the indel locus was significantly associated with SMAD3 transcriptional levels where II genotypes had a higher value than DD genotypes in Qinchuan (QC) cattle muscle tissue (P < 0.05). In addition, the locus was strongly associated with chest girth, chest width, rump length, hucklebone width and body weight in 2-year-old QC cattle (P < 0.05) and body weight (12 months), body height (18 months) and chest girth (18 months) in Caoyuan cattle (P < 0.5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of the association between SMAD3 indel and cattle phenotype, and it may contribute to understanding the function of the indel, which could be a promising marker for beef cattle breeding.
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Abrigo J, Rivera JC, Simon F, Cabrera D, Cabello-Verrugio C. Transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-β) requires reactive oxygen species to induce skeletal muscle atrophy. Cell Signal 2016; 28:366-376. [PMID: 26825874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a classical modulator of skeletal muscle and regulates several processes, such as myogenesis, regeneration, and muscle function in skeletal muscle diseases. Skeletal muscle atrophy, characterised by the loss of muscle strength and mass, is one of the pathological conditions regulated by TGF-β. Atrophy also results in increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation and the expression of two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are modulators of muscle wasting, and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) is one of the main sources of ROS. While it was recently found that TGF-β1 induces atrophy in skeletal muscle, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, the role of NOX-derived ROS in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by TGF-β was assessed. TGF-β1 induced an atrophic effect in C2C12 myotubes, as evidenced by decreased myotube diameter and MHC levels, together with increased MuRF-1 levels. Concomitantly, TGF-β increased NOX-induced ROS contents. Interestingly, NOX inhibition through apocynin and the antioxidant treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) decreased increased ROS levels in myotubes. Additionally, both apocynin and NAC completely prevented the decreased MHC, decreased myotube diameter, and increased MuRF-1 induced by TGF-β. Injection of TGF-β1 into the tibialis anterior muscle induced atrophy, as observed by decreased fibre diameter and MHC levels, together with increased MuRF-1 levels. Likewise, TGF-β increased the ROS contents in the smaller fibres of skeletal muscle. Additionally, the administration of NAC to mice prevented all atrophic effects and the increase in ROS induced by TGF-β in the tibialis anterior. This is the first study to report that TGF-β has an atrophic effect dependent on NOX-induced ROS in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Physiopathology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Rowlands DS, Nelson AR, Raymond F, Metairon S, Mansourian R, Clarke J, Stellingwerff T, Phillips SM. Protein-leucine ingestion activates a regenerative inflammo-myogenic transcriptome in skeletal muscle following intense endurance exercise. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:21-32. [PMID: 26508702 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00068.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-leucine supplement ingestion following strenuous endurance exercise accentuates skeletal-muscle protein synthesis and adaptive molecular responses, but the underlying transcriptome is uncharacterized. In a randomized single-blind triple-crossover design, 12 trained men completed 100 min of high-intensity cycling then ingested 70/15/180/30 g protein-leucine-carbohydrate-fat (15LEU), 23/5/180/30 g (5LEU), or 0/0/274/30 g (CON) beverages during the first 90 min of a 240 min recovery period. Vastus lateralis muscle samples (30 and 240 min postexercise) underwent transcriptome analysis by microarray followed by bioinformatic analysis. Gene expression was regulated by protein-leucine in a dose-dependent manner affecting the inflammatory response and muscle growth and development. At 30 min, 15LEU and 5LEU vs. CON activated transcriptome networks with gene-set functions involving cell-cycle arrest (Z-score 2.0-2.7, P < 0.01), leukocyte maturation (1.7, P = 0.007), cell viability (2.4, P = 0.005), promyogenic networks encompassing myocyte differentiation and myogenin (MYOD1, MYOG), and a proteinaceous extracellular matrix, adhesion, and development program correlated with plasma lysine, arginine, tyrosine, taurine, glutamic acid, and asparagine concentrations. High protein-leucine dose (15LEU-5LEU) activated an IL-1I-centered proinflammatory network and leukocyte migration, differentiation, and survival functions (2.0-2.6, <0.001). By 240 min, the protein-leucine transcriptome was anti-inflammatory and promyogenic (IL-6, NF- β, SMAD, STAT3 network inhibition), with overrepresented functions including decreased leukocyte migration and connective tissue development (-1.8-2.4, P < 0.01), increased apoptosis of myeloid and muscle cells (2.2-3.0, P < 0.002), and cell metabolism (2.0-2.4, P < 0.01). The analysis suggests protein-leucine ingestion modulates inflammatory-myogenic regenerative processes during skeletal muscle recovery from endurance exercise. Further cellular and translational research is warranted to validate amino acid-mediated myeloid and myocellular mechanisms within skeletal-muscle functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rowlands
- School of Sport and Exercise and Institute of Food Nutrition, and Human Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Andre R Nelson
- School of Sport and Exercise and Institute of Food Nutrition, and Human Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frederic Raymond
- Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jim Clarke
- School of Sport and Exercise and Institute of Food Nutrition, and Human Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Trent Stellingwerff
- Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, Canada; and
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Role of Inflammation in Muscle Homeostasis and Myogenesis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:805172. [PMID: 26508819 PMCID: PMC4609834 DOI: 10.1155/2015/805172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is subject to rapid changes according to growth stimuli inducing both hypertrophy, through increased protein synthesis, and hyperplasia, activating the myogenic program. Muscle wasting, characteristic of several pathological states associated with local or systemic inflammation, has been for long considered to rely on the alteration of myofiber intracellular pathways regulated by both hormones and cytokines, eventually leading to impaired anabolism and increased protein breakdown. However, there are increasing evidences that even alterations of the myogenic/regenerative program play a role in the onset of muscle wasting, even though the precise mechanisms involved are far from being fully elucidated. The comprehension of the links potentially occurring between impaired myogenesis and increased catabolism would allow the definition of effective strategies aimed at counteracting muscle wasting. The first part of this review gives an overview of skeletal muscle intracellular pathways determining fiber size, while the second part considers the cells and the regulatory pathways involved in the myogenic program. In both parts are discussed the evidences supporting the role of inflammation in impairing muscle homeostasis and myogenesis, potentially determining muscle atrophy.
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Transcriptional Pathways Associated with Skeletal Muscle Changes after Spinal Cord Injury and Treadmill Locomotor Training. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:387090. [PMID: 26380273 PMCID: PMC4561307 DOI: 10.1155/2015/387090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The genetic and molecular events associated with changes in muscle mass and
function after SCI and after the implementation of candidate therapeutic
approaches are still not completely known. The overall objective of this study was
to identify key molecular pathways activated with muscle remodeling after SCI
and locomotor training. We implemented treadmill training in a well-characterized
rat model of moderate SCI and performed genome wide expression profiling on
soleus muscles at multiple time points: 3, 8, and 14 days after SCI. We found that the
activity of the protein ubiquitination and mitochondrial function related pathways
was altered with SCI and corrected with treadmill training. The BMP pathway was
differentially activated with early treadmill training as shown by Ingenuity
Pathway Analysis. The expression of several muscle mass regulators was
modulated by treadmill training, including Fst, Jun, Bmpr2, Actr2b, and Smad3. In
addition, key players in fatty acids metabolism (Lpl and Fabp3) responded to
both SCI induced inactivity and reloading with training. The decrease in Smad3 and Fst early after the initiation of treadmill training was confirmed by RT-PCR. Our data suggest that TGFβ/Smad3 signaling may be mainly involved in the decrease in muscle mass observed with SCI, while the BMP pathway was activated with treadmill training.
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Allwood MA, Foster AJ, Arkell AM, Beaudoin MS, Snook LA, Romanova N, Murrant CL, Holloway GP, Wright DC, Simpson JA. Respiratory muscle weakness in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R780-7. [PMID: 26246509 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00447.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is considered one of the most serious public health problems of the modern world. Physical therapy is the most accessible form of treatment; however, compliance is a major obstacle due to exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Respiratory muscle atrophy is a cause of dyspnea, yet little is known of obesity-induced respiratory muscle dysfunction. Our objective was to investigate whether obesity-induced skeletal muscle wasting occurs in the diaphragm, the main skeletal muscle involved in inspiration, using the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. After 14 wk, ZDF rats developed obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, compared with lean controls. Hemodynamic analysis revealed ZDF rats have impaired cardiac relaxation (P = 0.001) with elevated end-diastolic pressure (P = 0.006), indicative of diastolic dysfunction. Assessment of diaphragm function revealed weakness (P = 0.0296) in the absence of intrinsic muscle impairment in ZDF rats. Diaphragm morphology revealed increased fibrosis (P < 0.0001), atrophy (P < 0.0001), and reduced myosin heavy-chain content (P < 0.001), compared with lean controls. These changes are accompanied by activation of the myostatin signaling pathway with increased serum myostatin (P = 0.017), increased gene expression (P = 0.030) in the diaphragm and retroperitoneal adipose (P = 0.033), and increased SMAD2 phosphorylation in the diaphragm (P = 0.048). Here, we have confirmed the presence of respiratory muscle atrophy and weakness in an obese, diabetic model. We have also identified a pathological role for myostatin signaling in obesity, with systemic contributions from the adipose tissue, a nonskeletal muscle source. These findings have significant implications for future treatment strategies of exercise intolerance in an obese, diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Allwood
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Foster
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alicia M Arkell
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie-Soleil Beaudoin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laelie A Snook
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadya Romanova
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Coral L Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Saneyasu T, Kimura S, Inui M, Yoshimoto Y, Honda K, Kamisoyama H. Differences in the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle proteolysis between broiler and layer chicks during food deprivation. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 186:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Goodman CA, Dietz JM, Jacobs BL, McNally RM, You JS, Hornberger TA. Yes-Associated Protein is up-regulated by mechanical overload and is sufficient to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1491-7. [PMID: 25959868 PMCID: PMC4442043 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically-induced skeletal muscle growth is regulated by mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) is a mechanically-sensitive, and growth-related, transcriptional co-activator that can regulate mTORC1. Here we show that, in skeletal muscle, mechanical overload promotes an increase in YAP expression; however, the time course of YAP expression is markedly different from that of mTORC1 activation. We also show that the overexpression of YAP induces hypertrophy via an mTORC1-independent mechanism. Finally, we provide preliminary evidence of possible mediators of YAP-induced hypertrophy (e.g. increased MyoD and c-Myc expression, and decreased Smad2/3 activity and muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1) expression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Jason M Dietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brittany L Jacobs
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rachel M McNally
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jae-Sung You
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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50
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Goodman CA, Pol D, Zacharewicz E, Lee-Young RS, Snow RJ, Russell AP, McConell GK. Statin-Induced Increases in Atrophy Gene Expression Occur Independently of Changes in PGC1α Protein and Mitochondrial Content. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128398. [PMID: 26020641 PMCID: PMC4447258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One serious side effect of statin drugs is skeletal muscle myopathy. Although the mechanism(s) responsible for statin myopathy remains to be fully determined, an increase in muscle atrophy gene expression and changes in mitochondrial content and/or function have been proposed to play a role. In this study, we examined the relationship between statin-induced expression of muscle atrophy genes, regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, and markers of mitochondrial content in slow- (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) rat skeletal muscles. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with simvastatin (60 or 80 mg·kg-1·day-1) or vehicle control via oral gavage for 14 days. In the absence of overt muscle damage, simvastatin treatment induced an increase in atrogin-1, MuRF1 and myostatin mRNA expression; however, these were not associated with changes in peroxisome proliferator gamma co-activator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) protein or markers of mitochondrial content. Simvastatin did, however, increase neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and AMPK α-subunit protein expression, and tended to increase total NOS activity, in FT but not ST muscles. Furthermore, simvastatin induced a decrease in β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) activity only in FT muscles. These findings suggest that the statin-induced activation of muscle atrophy genes occurs independent of changes in PGC-1α protein and mitochondrial content. Moreover, muscle-specific increases in NOS expression and possibly NO production, and decreases in fatty acid oxidation, could contribute to the previously reported development of overt statin-induced muscle damage in FT muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Goodman
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and the College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Derk Pol
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn Zacharewicz
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Robert S. Lee-Young
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Metabolism and Obesity, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rod J. Snow
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Aaron P. Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Glenn K. McConell
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and the College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
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