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Hartery SA, Kirby BJ, Walker EC, Kaufmann M, Jones G, St-Arnaud R, Sims NA, Kovacs CS. Loss of maternal calcitriol reversibly alters early offspring growth and skeletal development in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:595-610. [PMID: 38477809 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Ablation of Cyp27b1 eliminates calcitriol but does not disturb fetal mineral homeostasis or skeletal development. However, independent of fetal genotypes, maternal loss of Cyp27b1 altered fetal mineral and hormonal levels compared to offspring of WT dams. We hypothesized that these maternal influences would alter postnatal skeletal development. Cyp27b1 null and WT females were mated to bear only Cyp27b1+/- offspring. Forty-eight hours after birth, pups were cross-fostered to dams of the same or opposite genotype that bore them. Maternal and offspring samples were collected on days 21 (weaning) and 42. Offspring measurements included minerals and hormones, BMC by DXA, ash weight and mineral content, gene expression, 3-point bending tests, and microCT. Maternal lactational behavior was evaluated. Milk was analyzed for nutritional content. At day 21, offspring fostered by nulls, independent of birth dam, had ~20% lower weight, BMC, ash weight, and ash calcium than pups fostered by WT dams. Adjustment for body weight accounted for the lower BMC but not the lower ash weight and ash calcium. Hormones and serum/urine minerals did not differ across offspring groups. Offspring fostered by nulls had shorter femurs and lower cortical thickness, mean polar moment of inertia, cortical area, trabecular bone volume, and trabecular number. Dam lactational behaviors and milk nutritional content did not differ between groups. At day 42, body weight, ash weight, lengths, BMC, and tibial bone strength were no longer different between pups fostered by null vs WT dams. In summary, pups fostered by Cyp27b1 nulls, regardless of birth dam, have proportionately smaller skeletons at 21 d, impaired microstructure, but normal mineral homeostasis. The skeletal effects are largely recovered by day 42 (3 wk after weaning). In conclusion, maternal loss of calcitriol impairs early postnatal cortical bone growth and trabecular bone mass, but affected offspring catch up after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hartery
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Beth J Kirby
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Emma C Walker
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3065, Australia
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Glenville Jones
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Shriners Hospitals for Children - Canada and McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Natalie A Sims
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3065, Australia
| | - Christopher S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada
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Zheng Z, Wu Y, Wu H, Jin J, Luo Y, Cao S, Shan X. Clinical heterogeneity and therapeutic options for idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia caused by CYP24A1 pathogenic variant. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 36:999-1011. [PMID: 37768904 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infantile hypercalcemia-1 (HCINF1) is a rare disease caused by pathogenic variants in the CYP24A1 gene, resulting in the inability to metabolize active vitamin D. This leads to hypercalcemia and severe complications. CONTENT On December 8th, 2022, a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI using the keywords "hypercalcemia" and "CYP24A1". Data extraction included patient demographics, clinical presentation, treatment medications, and outcomes. The findings were synthesized to identify common patterns and variations among cases and to assess the efficacy of different therapies in reducing serum calcium. Our findings revealed two distinct peaks in the incidence of HCINF1 caused by CYP24A1 pathogenic variant. Kidney stones or renal calcifications were the most common clinical manifestations of the disease, followed by polyuria and developmental delay. Laboratory investigations showed hypercalcemia, elevated vitamin D levels, hypercalciuria, and low parathyroid hormone. Genetic analysis remains the only reliable diagnostic tool. Although there is no definitive cure for HCINF1, multiple drugs, including bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and rifampicin, have been used to control its symptoms. Blocking the production and intake of vitamin D is the preferred treatment option. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK Our review highlights the basic clinical and biochemical features of HCINF1 and suggests that targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed to address the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. The insights gained from this study may facilitate the development of innovative treatments for HCINF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Wu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Jin
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shunshun Cao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoou Shan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Carswell AT, O'Leary TJ, Swinton P, Jackson S, Tang JC, Oliver SJ, Izard RM, Walsh NP, Fraser WD, Greeves JP. Vitamin D Metabolites Are Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1453-1464. [PMID: 37526272 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between vitamin D metabolites and lower body (pelvis and lower limb) overuse injury is unclear. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between vitamin D metabolites and incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury in young adults undergoing initial military training during all seasons. In 1637 men and 530 women (aged 22.6 ± 7.5 years; body mass index [BMI], 24.0 ± 2.6 kg/m- 2 ; 94.3% white ethnicity), we measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2 D) by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) by immunoassay during week 1 of training. We examined whether the relationship between 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D ratio was associated with overuse injury. During 12 weeks of training, 21.0% sustained ≥1 overuse musculoskeletal injury, and 5.6% sustained ≥1 bone stress injury. After controlling for sex, BMI, 2.4 km run time, smoking, bone injury history, and Army training course (Officer, standard, or Infantry), lower body overuse musculoskeletal injury incidence was higher for participants within the second lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2 D (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.32; p = 0.009) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D (OR = 6.30; 95% CI 1.89-21.2; p = 0.003). Lower body bone stress injury incidence was higher for participants within the lowest versus highest quartile of 24,25(OH)2 D (OR = 4.02; 95% CI 1.82-8.87; p < 0.001) and lowest versus highest cluster of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D (OR = 22.08; 95% CI 3.26-149.4; p = 0.001), after controlling for the same covariates. Greater conversion of 25(OH)D to 24,25(OH)2 D, relative to 1,25(OH)2 D (ie, low 1,25(OH)2 D:24,25(OH)2 D), and higher serum 24,25(OH)2 D were associated with a lower incidence of lower body overuse musculoskeletal and bone stress injury. Serum 24,25(OH)2 D may have a role in preventing overuse injury in young adults undertaking arduous physical training. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Carswell
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Thomas J O'Leary
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
| | - Paul Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sarah Jackson
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK
| | - Jonathan Cy Tang
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Departments of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Rachel M Izard
- Defence Science and Technology, Porton Down, Ministry of Defence, Salisbury, UK
| | - Neil P Walsh
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - William D Fraser
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Departments of Endocrinology and Clinical Biochemistry, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Andover, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
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4
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Tong X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li T, Zou H, Yuan Y, Bian J, Liu Z, Gu J. Vitamin D Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Inhibition of Chicken Bone Marrow Stromal Cells' Osteogenic Differentiation In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2544. [PMID: 37570352 PMCID: PMC10417335 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a lipid soluble vitamin that is mostly used to treat bone metabolism-related diseases. In this study, the effect of Cd toxicity in vitro on osteogenic differentiation derived from BMSCs and the alleviating effect of lα, 25-(OH)2D3 were investigated. Cell index in real time was monitored using a Real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) system. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the calcified nodules and the distribution of Runx2 protein were detected using ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and immunofluorescence, respectively. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential and the apoptotic rate of BMSCs, the mRNA levels of RUNX2 and type Ⅰ collagen alpha2 (COL1A2) genes, and the protein expression of Col1 and Runx2 were detected using flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. The proliferation of BMSCs and osteogenic differentiation were enhanced after treatment with different concentrations of lα, 25-(OH)2D3 compared with the control group. However, 5 μmol/L Cd inhibited the proliferation of BMSCs. In addition, 10 nmol/L lα,25-(OH)2D3 attenuated the toxicity and the apoptosis of BMSCs treated by Cd, and also promoted the osteogenic differentiation including the activity of ALP, and the protein expression of Col1 and Runx2. lα, 25-(OH)2D3 can alleviate cadmium-induced osteogenic toxicity in White Leghorn chickens in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishuai Tong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China;
| | - Yutian Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tan Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hui Zou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.T.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (J.B.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
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5
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Ariano A, Posa F, Storlino G, Mori G. Molecules Inducing Dental Stem Cells Differentiation and Bone Regeneration: State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9897. [PMID: 37373044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Teeth include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are multipotent cells that promote tooth growth and repair. Dental tissues, specifically the dental pulp and the dental bud, constitute a relevant source of multipotent stem cells, known as dental-derived stem cells (d-DSCs): dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dental bud stem cells (DBSCs). Cell treatment with bone-associated factors and stimulation with small molecule compounds are, among the available methods, the ones who show excellent advantages promoting stem cell differentiation and osteogenesis. Recently, attention has been paid to studies on natural and non-natural compounds. Many fruits, vegetables, and some drugs contain molecules that can enhance MSC osteogenic differentiation and therefore bone formation. The purpose of this review is to examine research work over the past 10 years that has investigated two different types of MSCs from dental tissues that are attractive targets for bone tissue engineering: DPSCs and DBSCs. The reconstruction of bone defects, in fact, is still a challenge and therefore more research is needed; the articles reviewed are meant to identify compounds useful to stimulate d-DSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We only consider the results of the research which is encouraging, assuming that the mentioned compounds are of some importance for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ariano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Posa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Storlino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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6
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Norlin M, Wikvall K. Enzymatic activation in vitamin D signaling - Past, present and future. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109639. [PMID: 37196753 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D signaling is important in regulating calcium homeostasis essential for bone health but also displays other functions in cells of several tissues. Disturbed vitamin D signaling is linked to a large number of diseases. The multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyzing the different hydroxylations in bioactivation of vitamin D3 are crucial for vitamin D signaling and function. This review is focused on the progress achieved in identification of the bioactivating enzymes and their genes in production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and other active metabolites. Results obtained on species- and tissue-specific expression, catalytic reactions, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics, and consequences of gene mutations are evaluated. Matters of incomplete understanding regarding the physiological roles of some vitamin D hydroxylases are critically discussed and the authors will give their view of the importance of each enzyme for vitamin D signaling. Roles of different vitamin D receptors and an alternative bioactivation pathway, leading to 20-hydroxylated vitamin D3 metabolites, are also discussed. Considerable progress has been achieved in knowledge of the vitamin D3 bioactivating enzymes. Nevertheless, several intriguing areas deserve further attention to understand the pleiotropic and diverse activities elicited by vitamin D signaling and the mechanisms of enzymatic activation necessary for vitamin D-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Norlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kjell Wikvall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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7
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Khelifi N, Desbiens L, Sidibé A, Mac‐Way F. Vitamin D Analogues and Fracture Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10611. [PMID: 35434454 PMCID: PMC9009117 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs) are commonly prescribed in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their protective effects on bone remain controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of VDRAs on fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) in adult patients with CKD. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the WHO's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases from inception to June 19, 2021. We included RCTs comparing VDRAs, to placebo or another medication, in adults with CKD requiring or not dialysis. Conference abstracts and trials involving kidney transplant recipients and/or comparing VDRAs to antiresorptive or anabolic bone therapy were excluded. Primary outcome was fracture at any anatomical site. Secondary outcomes were BMD at femoral neck, lumbar spine, and/or total hip. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted according to baseline demographics, overall risk of bias, and follow-up time. From 6868 references retrieved, eight RCTs were eligible: five reported fracture, two reported BMD, and one reported both outcomes. As comparator, one study used no VDRAs, one used nutritional intervention and no medication, and six used placebo. In meta-analysis, VDRAs were not associated with a significant reduction in total fractures in overall (risk ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.38-1.65, I2 = 0%, six trials, 1507 participants, 27 fractures) or in prespecified subgroup analyses. Three trials reported BMD at different sites and with different BMD measurements; thus, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Two RCTs were at high risk of bias, notably because of deviations from the intended interventions. As limitation, we have to mention the low total number of fractures included in our meta-analysis. In conclusion, current evidence from RCTs is insufficient to associate VDRAs with bone protection in CKD. Further large and long-term studies specifically designed to evaluate the efficacy of VDRAs on bone outcomes are thus required. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Khelifi
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty and Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Louis‐Charles Desbiens
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty and Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Aboubacar Sidibé
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
| | - Fabrice Mac‐Way
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Division of NephrologyEndocrinology and Nephrology AxisQuebec CityCanada
- Faculty and Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebec CityCanada
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8
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Tayebi M, Parham S, Abbastabbar Ahangar H, Zargar Kharazi A. Preparation and evaluation of bioactive bilayer composite membrane
PHB
/
β‐TCP
with ciprofloxacin and vitamin
D3
delivery for regenerative damaged tissue in periodontal disease. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tayebi
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
- Faculty of Materials, Tissue Engineering group, Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Najafabad Iran
| | - Shokoh Parham
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Anousheh Zargar Kharazi
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
- Applied Physiology Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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9
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Ginsberg C, Hoofnagle AN, Katz R, Hughes-Austin J, Miller LM, Becker JO, Kritchevsky SB, Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Ix JH. The Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio Is Associated With Changes in Bone Density and Fracture Risk in Older Adults. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2343-2350. [PMID: 34423858 PMCID: PMC8688212 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) may be a poor biomarker of bone health, in part because measured levels incorporate both protein-bound and free vitamin D. The ratio of its catabolic product (24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2 D]) to 25(OH)D (the vitamin D metabolite ratio [VMR]) may provide more information on sufficient vitamin D stores and is not influenced by vitamin D-binding protein concentrations. We evaluated whether the VMR or 25(OH)D are more strongly associated with bone loss and fracture risk in older adults. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 786 community-dwelling adults aged 70 to 79 years who participated in the Health Aging and Body Composition study. Our primary outcomes were annual changes in bone density and incident fracture. The mean age of these participants was 75 ± 3 years, 49% were female, 42% were Black, and 23% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/mL/1.73m2 . In fully adjusted models, a 50% lower VMR was associated with 0.3% (0.2%, 0.6%) more rapid decline in total hip bone mineral density (BMD). We found similar relationships with thoracic and lumbar spine BMD. In contrast, 25(OH)D3 concentrations were not associated with longitudinal change in BMD. There were 178 fractures during a mean follow-up of 10 years. Each 50% lower VMR was associated with a 49% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 2.08) greater fracture risk, whereas lower 25(OH)D3 concentrations were not significantly associated with fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] per 50% lower 1.07 [0.80, 1.43]). In conclusion, among a diverse cohort of community-dwelling older adults, a lower VMR was more strongly associated with both loss of BMD and fracture risk compared with 25(OH)D3 . Trials are needed to evaluate the VMR as a therapeutic target in persons at risk for worsening BMD and fracture. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ginsberg
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine and the Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronit Katz
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jan Hughes-Austin
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Lindsay M. Miller
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Jessica O. Becker
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine and the Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael G. Shlipak
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA and University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mark J. Sarnak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joachim H. Ix
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Pharmacodynamics of Oral Cholecalciferol in Healthy Individuals with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Open-Label Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072293. [PMID: 34371803 PMCID: PMC8308331 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative pharmacodynamic (PD) analyses on different dosing schedules for cholecalciferol supplementation are limited. This was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group study involving 75 healthy individuals deficient in vitamin D (baseline 25OHD < 20 ng/mL) receiving oral cholecalciferol with three different dosing regimens: Group A: 10,000 IU/day for 8 weeks followed by 1000 IU/day for 4 weeks; Group B: 50,000 IU/week for 12 weeks and Group C: 100,000 IU every other week for 12 weeks. Regulators of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, bone turnover markers and Wnt inhibitors were measured at baseline, Day 28, 53, 84, and 112. The 1,25OH2D increased at each time point. The increase was greater (p < 0.05) for group A vs. B and C at Day 28, and vs. group B at Day 56. No significant difference among groups was observed for the other biomarkers. The 24,25OH2D remained stable over time. PTH decreased at Day 84 and FGF-23 increased at all time points. CTX-I and PINP increased slightly at Day 28. BALP decreased from Day 56 onward. Dkk-1 increased from Day 56 onward, while sclerostin did not show significant changes. In healthy individuals deficient in vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation exerted effects on multiple regulators of calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism, without marked differences using the three regimens.
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Early Osteogenic Differentiation Stimulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Calcitriol and Curcumin. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9980137. [PMID: 34122559 PMCID: PMC8166473 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, as a natural phenolic substance, is extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (turmeric), which is effective in bone healthfulness. Calcitriol is an effective hormone in regulating bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis and immune response. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are found in most dental tissues and resemble bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this work, we investigated the effect of combination and individual treatment of curcumin and calcitriol on early osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Early osteogenic differentiation was evaluated and confirmed by the gene expression level of ALP and its activity. Curcumin individually and in combination with calcitriol increased ALP activity and osteoblast-specific mRNA expression of ALP when DPSCs were cultured in an osteogenic medium. Calcitriol alone increased the enzyme more than in combination with curcumin. These findings demonstrate that curcumin can induce early osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs like calcitriol as a potent stimulant of osteogenesis.
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Makris K, Bhattoa HP, Cavalier E, Phinney K, Sempos CT, Ulmer CZ, Vasikaran SD, Vesper H, Heijboer AC. Recommendations on the measurement and the clinical use of vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding protein - A position paper from the IFCC Committee on bone metabolism. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:171-197. [PMID: 33713690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, an important hormone with a central role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, is required for bone and muscle development as well as preservation of musculoskeletal function. The most abundant vitamin D metabolite is 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which is currently considered the best marker to evaluate overall vitamin D status. 25(OH)D is therefore the most commonly measured metabolite in clinical practice. However, several other metabolites, although not broadly measured, are useful in certain clinical situations. Vitamin D and all its metabolites are circulating in blood bound to vitamin D binding protein, (VDBP). This highly polymorphic protein is not only the major transport protein which, along with albumin, binds over 99% of the circulating vitamin D metabolites, but also participates in the transport of the 25(OH)D into the cell via a megalin/cubilin complex. The accurate measurement of 25(OH)D has proved a difficult task. Although a reference method and standardization program are available for 25(OH)D, the other vitamin D metabolites still lack this. Interpretation of results, creation of clinical supplementation, and generation of therapeutic guidelines require not only accurate measurements of vitamin D metabolites, but also the accurate measurements of several other "molecules" related with bone metabolism. IFCC understood this priority and a committee has been established with the task to support and continue the standardization processes of vitamin D metabolites along with other bone-related biomarkers. In this review, we present the position of this IFCC Committee on Bone Metabolism on the latest developments concerning the measurement and standardization of vitamin D metabolites and its binding protein, as well as clinical indications for their measurement and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Makris
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece; Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System "Th. Garofalidis", Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Harjit P Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, Domaine du Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Karen Phinney
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Christopher T Sempos
- Coordinator, Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP), Havre de Grace, MD 21078, USA
| | - Candice Z Ulmer
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel D Vasikaran
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Hubert Vesper
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annemieke C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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Effect of Vitamins D and E on the Proliferation, Viability, and Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:8860840. [PMID: 32676112 PMCID: PMC7350167 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8860840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of vitamins D and E on the proliferation, morphology, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods In this in vitro experimental study, hDPSCs were isolated, characterized, and treated with vitamins D and E, individually and in combination, utilizing different doses and treatment periods. Changes in morphology and cell proliferation were evaluated using light microscopy and the resazurin assay, respectively. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated with alizarin red S staining and expression of RUNX2, Osterix, and Osteocalcin genes using real-time RT-PCR. Results Compared with untreated cells, the number of cells significantly reduced following treatment with vitamin D (49%), vitamin E (35%), and vitamins D + E (61%) after 144 h. Compared with cell cultures treated with individual vitamins, cells treated with vitamins D + E demonstrated decreased cell confluence, with more extensive and flatter cytoplasm that initiated the formation of a significantly large number of calcified nodules after 7 days of treatment. After 14 days, treatment with vitamins D, E, and D + E increased the transcription of RUNX2, Osterix, and Osteocalcin genes. Conclusions Vitamins D and E induced osteoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs, as evidenced by the decrease in cell proliferation, morphological changes, and the formation of calcified nodules, increasing the expression of differentiation genes. Concurrent treatment with vitamins D + E induces a synergistic effect in differentiation toward an osteoblastic lineage.
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Andrukhov O, Blufstein A, Behm C, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Vitamin D3 and Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 10:4527. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a hormone involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, mineral homeostasis, and immune response. Almost all dental tissues contain resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are largely similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. In this narrative review, we summarized the current findings concerning the physiological effects of vitamin D3 on dental MSCs. The existing literature suggests that dental MSCs possess the ability to convert vitamin D3 into 25(OH)D3 and subsequently to the biologically active 1,25(OH)2D3. The vitamin D3 metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulate osteogenic differentiation and diminish the inflammatory response of dental MSCs. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 influences the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in different dental tissues. Thus, dental MSCs are both producers and targets of 1,25(OH)2D3 and might regulate the local vitamin D3-dependent processes in an autocrine/paracrine manner. The local vitamin D3 metabolism is assumed to play an essential role in the local physiological processes, but the mechanisms of its regulation in dental MSCs are mostly unknown. The alteration of the local vitamin D3 metabolism may unravel novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of periodontitis as well as new strategies for dental tissue regeneration.
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15
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Marley A, Grant MC, Babraj J. Weekly Vitamin D3 supplementation improves aerobic performance in combat sport athletes. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:379-387. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1744736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Marley
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Sport and Exercise Science, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - Marie Clare Grant
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Sport and Exercise Science, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
| | - John Babraj
- School of Applied Sciences, Division of Sport and Exercise Science, Abertay University, Dundee, UK
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Chen M, Huang L, Shen X, Li M, Luo Z, Cai K, Hu Y. Construction of multilayered molecular reservoirs on a titanium alloy implant for combinational drug delivery to promote osseointegration in osteoporotic conditions. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:304-318. [PMID: 31982586 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules are used as molecular reservoirs and grafted onto chitosan molecules for calcitriol (VD3) loading, which is a hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D. The resultant molecular complex is co-assembled with an antiosteoporosis drug calcitonin (CT) to form bio-functional multilayer structure on Ti6Al7Nb substrate via layer-by-layer self-assembly, which is capable of releasing VD3 and calcitonin in a sustained manner to modulate osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and macrophages at the bone-implant interface. In vitro results show that the released VD3 and CT individually upregulated the expression of calcium-binding protein (including Calbindin D9k and Calbindin D28k) and BMP2 in osteoblasts in peri-implant regions to stimulate their Ca deposition and differentiation. RAW264.7 cells (a murine macrophage) on the biofunctional implant displayed improved M2 phenotypical differentiation and expression of BMP2 and VEGF genes, but M1 phenotypical differentiation potential and MCF and TRAP gene expression levels are evidently lower. Results from in vivo micro-CT and histological analysis also demonstrate that VD3/CT co-loaded implant can dramatically enhance the bone remodeling under osteoporotic conditions with significantly enhanced interfacial shear strength and improved osseointegration as compared to other groups. The insights in this study offer new avenues for the rational functionalization of titanium implants to effectively repair osteoporotic fractures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A promising strategy to enhance the recovery rate of osteoporotic fractures is to immobilize antiosteoporotic drugs onto the surface of titanium-based implants. In this study, we grafted beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto chitosan (Chi) molecules to load VD3, which was co-assembled with calcitonin (CT) onto Ti6Al7Nb implants by the layer-by-layer assembly technique. The obtained functional titanium alloy implant (Ti6Al7Nb/LBL/Chi-CD@VD3/ CT) could stably release VD3 and calcitonin agents in a sustained manner. RAW264.7 cells grown on Ti6Al7Nb/LBL/Chi-CD@VD3/CT showed superior M2 phenotypical differentiation efficiency, but lower MCF/TRAP gene expression levels. In vitro and in vivo results showed that the released VD3 and CT individually upregulated the expression of calcium binding proteins and BMP2 in osteoblasts, promoting new bone formation in the peri-implant region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xinkun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Lu X, Chen Z, Vick S, Watsky MA. Vitamin D receptor and metabolite effects on corneal epithelial cell gap junction proteins. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107776. [PMID: 31465769 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble prohormone that can be activated both systemically and within individual tissues. Our lab has previously demonstrated that the corneal epithelium can activate vitamin D and that the vitamin D metabolites 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 can affect corneal epithelial migration, proliferation, and tight and gap junction function. These vitamin D-derived metabolites signal through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The purpose of this study was to specifically determine the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 on corneal epithelial cell gap junction proteins. Connexin (Cx) 26, 30 and 43 protein expression was detected in a human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC), wild type and vitamin D receptor knockout (VDR-/-) mouse corneas, and cultured mouse primary epithelial cells (MPCEC). In vitro gap junction function was assessed using the scrape loading/dye transfer assay. HCEC and MPCEC were treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 or 24R,25(OH)2D3. Western blotting was used to detect gap junction proteins. Vitamin D3 effects on epithelial intracellular Ca++ (Ca++i) were determined using the dye Cal-520. Cx26 and Cx43 protein levels were significantly increased in HCEC and MPCEC treated with both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3. Cx30 and Cx43 protein levels were also significantly increased in VDR-/- MPCEC. In vitro gap junction connectivity was significanlty enhanced in HCEC and MPCEC cultured with 24R,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. Ca++i was not affected by 1,25(OH)2D3 or 24R,25(OH)2D3 in HCEC or MPCEC. We conclude that both 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 are positive regulators of connexin proteins and gap junction communication in the corneal epithelium. These vitamin D metabolites appear to signal through both VDR-dependent and -independent pathways. The effects of vitamin D on corneal epithelial gap junctions do not seem to be dependent on Ca++i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Lu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Vick
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mitchell A Watsky
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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18
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Synergistic potential of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium-aluminate-chitosan scaffolds with dental pulp cells. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:663-674. [PMID: 31119382 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop a porous chitosan-calcium-aluminate scaffold (CH-AlCa) in combination with a bioactive dosage of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25VD), to be used as a bioactive substrate capable to increase the odontogenic potential of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The porous CH-AlCa was developed by the incorporation of an AlCa suspension into a CH solution under vigorous agitation, followed by phase separation at low temperature. Scaffold architecture, porosity, and calcium release were evaluated. Thereafter, the synergistic potential of CH-AlCa and 1 nM 1α,25VD, selected by a dose-response assay, for HDPCs seeded onto the materials was assessed. RESULTS The CH-AlCa featured an organized and interconnected pore network, with increased porosity in comparison with that of plain chitosan scaffolds (CH). Increased odontoblastic phenotype expression on the human dental pulp cell (HDPC)/CH and HDPC/CH-AlCa constructs in the presence of 1 nM 1α,25VD was detected, since alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized matrix deposition, dentin sialophosphoprotein/dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 mRNA expression, and cell migration were overstimulated. This drug featured a synergistic effect with CH-AlCa, since the highest values of cell migration and odontoblastic markers expression were observed in this experimental condition. CONCLUSIONS The experimental CH-AlCa scaffold increases the chemotaxis and regenerative potential of HDPCs, and the addition of low-dosage 1α,25VD to this scaffold enhances the potential of these cells to express an odontoblastic phenotype. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Chitosan scaffolds enriched with calcium-aluminate in association with low dosages of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 provide a highly bioactive microenvironment for dental pulp cells prone to dentin regeneration, thus providing potential as a cell-free tissue engineering system for direct pulp capping.
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Promoting effect of nano hydroxyapatite and vitamin D3 on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in polycaprolactone/gelatin scaffold for bone tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:141-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Wang YL, Hong A, Yen TH, Hong HH. Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29782010 DOI: 10.3791/57166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the dental sources of MSCs, the periosteum is an easily accessible tissue, which has been identified to contain MSCs in the cambium layer. However, this source has not yet been widely studied. Vitamin D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. In addition, vitamin C facilitates collagen formation and bone cell growth. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of Vitamin D3 and Vitamin C on MSCs. Here, we present a method of isolating MSCs from human alveolar periosteum and examine the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may exert an osteoinductive effect on these cells. We also investigate the presence of MSCs in the human alveolar periosteum and assess stem cell adhesion and proliferation. To assess the ability of vitamin C (as a control) and various concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10-10, 10-9, 10-8, and 10-7 M) to alter key mRNA biomarkers in isolated MSCs mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1, and osteocalcin (OCN) are measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Li Wang
- Chang Gung University; Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Adrienne Hong
- California Northstate University College of Medicine
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Chang Gung University; Department of Nephrology, Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Hsiang-Hsi Hong
- Chang Gung University; Department of Periodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University;
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21
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Ginsberg C, Katz R, de Boer IH, Kestenbaum BR, Chonchol M, Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Hoofnagle AN, Rifkin DE, Garimella PS, Ix JH. The 24,25 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D ratio and fracture risk in older adults: The cardiovascular health study. Bone 2018; 107:124-130. [PMID: 29155243 PMCID: PMC5794222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may not optimally indicate vitamin D receptor activity. Higher concentrations of its catabolic product 24,25-dihydroxyvitmin D [24,25(OH)2D] and a higher ratio of 24,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D (the vitamin D metabolite ratio [VMR]) may provide additional information on receptor activity. We compared the strength of associations of these markers with serum PTH concentrations, hip bone mineral density (BMD), and risk of incident hip fracture in community-living older participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Among 890 participants, the mean age was 78years, 60% were women, and the mean 25(OH)D was 28±11ng/ml. In cross-sectional analysis, the strength of association of each vitamin D measure with PTH was similar; a 1% higher 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, and VMR were associated with 0.32%, 0.25%, and 0.26% lower PTH, respectively (p<0.05 for all). Among 358 participants with available BMD data, we found no associations of 25(OH)D or VMR with BMD, whereas higher 24,25(OH)2D was modestly associated with greater hip BMD (1% higher 24,25(OH)2D associated with 0.04% [95% CI 0.01-0.08%] higher BMD). Risk of incident hip fracture risk was evaluated using a case-cohort design. There were 289 hip fractures during a mean follow up time of 8.4years. Both higher 24,25(OH)2D and VMR were associated with lower risk of hip fracture (HR per SD higher, 0.73 [0.61, 0.87] and 0.74 [0.61, 0.88], respectively) whereas 25(OH)D was not associated with hip fracture (HR 0.93 [0.79, 1.10]). We conclude that evaluating vitamin D status by incorporating assessment of 24,25(OH)D and the VMR provides information on bone health above and beyond 25(OH)D alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Ginsberg
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Ronit Katz
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ian H de Boer
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Bryan R Kestenbaum
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael G Shlipak
- Kidney Health Research Collaborative, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA and University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mark J Sarnak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew N Hoofnagle
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dena E Rifkin
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pranav S Garimella
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Effects of 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Corneal Epithelial Proliferation, Migration and Vitamin D Metabolizing and Catabolizing Enzymes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16951. [PMID: 29208972 PMCID: PMC5717139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 on corneal epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and on the vitamin D activating enzyme CYP27B1 (produces 1,25(OH)2D3) and inactivating enzyme CYP24A1 (produces 24R,25(OH)2D3). The role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was also examined. In VDR wildtype mouse corneal epithelial cells (WT), 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 protein expression and decreased CYP27B1 expression. In VDR knockout mouse epithelial cells (KO), 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 protein expression. 1,25(OH)2D3 did not affect WT cell proliferation, but did stimulate VDR KO cell proliferation. In a human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC), 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 mRNA and protein expression. 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP27B1 mRNA levels in HCEC, but had no effect on CYP27B1 protein levels. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited HCEC proliferation and stimulated cell migration in primary human epithelial cells. 24,25(OH)2D3, on the other hand, increased both CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 protein expression in WT and VDR KO cells, and stimulated cell proliferation in both WT and KO cells. In HCEC, 24,25(OH)2D3 increased CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 mRNA and protein expression, and stimulated cell migration. In human primary corneal epithelial cells, 24,25(OH)2D3 stimulated migration. We conclude that 24R,25(OH)2D3 is likely involved in corneal epithelial cell regulation independent of 1,25(OH)2D3 or VDR.
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Ye Y, Li SL, Ma YY, Diao YJ, Yang L, Su MQ, Li Z, Ji Y, Wang J, Lei L, Fan WX, Li LX, Xu Y, Hao XK. Exosomal miR-141-3p regulates osteoblast activity to promote the osteoblastic metastasis of prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94834-94849. [PMID: 29212270 PMCID: PMC5706916 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes from cancer cells, which contain microRNA and reach metastasis loci prior to cancer cells, stimulate the formation of a metastatic microenvironment. Previous studies have shown that exosomal miR-141-3p is associated with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, the role and regulatory mechanism of miR-141-3p in the microenvironment of bone metastases require further study. In this study, we performed a series of experiments in vivo and in vitro to determine whether exosomal miR-141-3p from MDA PCa 2b cells regulates osteoblast activity to promote osteoblastic metastasis. We demonstrate that extracts obtained from cell culture supernatants contained exosomes and that miR-141-3p levels were significantly higher in MDA PCa 2b cell exosomes. Via confocal imaging, numerous MDA PCa 2b exosomes were observed to enter osteoblasts, and miR-141-3p was transferred to osteoblasts through MDA PCa 2b exosomes in vitro. Exosomal miR-141-3p from MDA PCa 2b promoted osteoblast activity and increased osteoprotegerin OPG expression. miR-141-3p suppressed the protein levels of the target gene DLC1, indicating its functional significance in activating the p38MAPK pathway. In animal experiments, exosomal miR-141-3p had bone-target specificity and promoted osteoblast activity. Mice injected with miR-141-3p-mimics exosomes developed apparent osteoblastic bone metastasis. Exosomal miR-141-3p from MDA PCa 2b cells promoted osteoblast activity and regulated the microenvironment of bone metastases, which plays an important role in the formation of bone metastases and osteogenesis damage in PCa. Clarifying the specific mechanism of bone metastasis will help generate new possibilities for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
| | - Su-Liang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
| | - Yue-Yun Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yan-Jun Diao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ming-Quan Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
| | - Yang Ji
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - La-Xiu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Hao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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24
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van Driel M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D endocrinology of bone mineralization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:46-51. [PMID: 28606868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is strongly influenced by endocrine factors to restore the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. Bone formation involves the mineralization of the extracellular matrix formed by osteoblasts. In this process the role of vitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D3) is both direct and indirect. The direct effects are enabled via the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR); the outcome is dependent on the presence of other factors as well as origin of the osteoblasts, treatment procedures and species differences. Vitamin D stimulates mineralization of human osteoblasts but is often found inhibitory for mineralization of murine osteoblasts. In this review we will overview the current knowledge of the role of the vitamin D endocrine system in controlling the mineralization process in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein van Driel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Sattary M, Khorasani MT, Rafienia M, Rozve HS. Incorporation of nanohydroxyapatite and vitamin D3 into electrospun PCL/Gelatin scaffolds: The influence on the physical and chemical properties and cell behavior for bone tissue engineering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Sattary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Research Branch; Islamic Azad University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Khorasani
- Biomaterial Department of Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute; PO Box 14965 159 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafienia
- Biosensor Research Center; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; 81744176 Isfahan Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi Rozve
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; 81744176 Isfahan Iran
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26
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Lukasova V, Buzgo M, Sovkova V, Dankova J, Rampichova M, Amler E. Osteogenic differentiation of 3D cultured mesenchymal stem cells induced by bioactive peptides. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28714176 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bioactive peptides derived from receptor binding motifs of native proteins are a potent source of bioactive molecules that can induce signalling pathways. These peptides could substitute for osteogenesis promoting supplements. The work presented here compares three kinds of bioactive peptides derived from collagen III, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and BMP-2 with their potential osteogenic activity on the model of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS pMSCs were cultured on electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibrous scaffolds with different concentrations of the bioactive peptides without addition of any osteogenic supplement. Analysis of pMSCs cultures included measurement of the metabolic activity and proliferation, immunofluorescence staining and also qPCR. RESULTS Results showed no detrimental effect of the bioactive peptides to cultured pMSCs. Based on qPCR analysis, the bioactive peptides are specific for osteogenic differentiation with no detectable expression of collagen II. Our results further indicate that peptide derived from BMP-2 protein promoted the expression of mRNA for osteocalcin (OCN) and collagen I significantly compared to control groups and also supported deposition of OCN as observed by immunostaining method. CONCLUSION The data suggest that bioactive peptide with an amino acid sequence of KIPKASSVPTELSAISTLYL derived from BMP-2 protein was the most potent for triggering osteogenic differentiation of pMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lukasova
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Buzgo
- Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, Bustehrad, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Sovkova
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dankova
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Rampichova
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, Bustehrad, Czech Republic
| | - Evzen Amler
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.,University Center for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, Bustehrad, Czech Republic
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27
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Zhou S, Glowacki J. Chronic kidney disease and vitamin D metabolism in human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1402:43-55. [PMID: 28926112 PMCID: PMC5659722 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D that is synthesized in the skin or is ingested undergoes sequential steps of metabolic activation via a cascade of cytochrome P450 enzymatic hydroxylations in the liver and kidney to produce 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25(OH)2 D). There are many tissues that are able to synthesize 1α,25(OH)2 D, but the biological significance of extrarenal hydroxylases is unresolved. Human marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (marrow stromal cells, hMSCs) give rise to osteoblasts, and their differentiation is stimulated by 1α,25(OH)2 D. In addition to being targets of 1α,25(OH)2 D, hMSCs can synthesize it; on the basis of those observations, we further examined the local autocrine/paracrine role of vitamin D metabolism in osteoblast differentiation. Research with hMSCs from well-characterized subjects provides an innovative opportunity to evaluate the effects of clinical attributes on the regulation of hMSCs. Like the renal 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme in hMSCs is constitutively decreased with age and chronic kidney disease (CKD); both are regulated by PTH1-34, insulin-like growth factor 1, calcium, 1α,25(OH)2 D, 25(OH)D, and fibroblast growth factor 23. CKD is associated with impaired renal biosynthesis of 1α,25(OH)2 D, low bone mass, and increased fracture risk. Studies with hMSCs from CKD patients or aged subjects indicate that circulating 25(OH)D may have an important role in osteoblast differentiation on vitamin D metabolism and action in hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Glowacki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Vitamin D3 Modifies the Impacts of the Supernatants of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Macrophages Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/zjrms.9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 induces osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42816. [PMID: 28211493 PMCID: PMC5314335 DOI: 10.1038/srep42816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] has recently been found to be an active hormone. Its biological actions are demonstrated in various cell types. 25(OH)D3 deficiency results in failure in bone formation and skeletal deformation. Here, we investigated the effect of 25(OH)D3 on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We also studied the effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25-(OH)2D3], a metabolite of 25(OH)D3. One of the vitamin D responsive genes, 25(OH)D3-24-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1) mRNA expression is up-regulated by 25(OH)D3 at 250-500 nM and by 1α,25-(OH)2D3 at 1-10 nM. 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25-(OH)2D3 at a time-dependent manner alter cell morphology towards osteoblast-associated characteristics. The osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase, secreted phosphoprotein 1 (osteopontin), and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (osteocalcin) are increased by 25(OH)D3 and 1α,25-(OH)2D3 in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, mineralisation is significantly increased by 25(OH)D3 but not by 1α,25-(OH)2D3. Moreover, we found that hMSCs express very low level of 25(OH)D3-1α-hydroxylase (cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily B member 1), and there is no detectable 1α,25-(OH)2D3 product. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that 25(OH)D3 at 250-500 nM can induce osteogenic differentiation and that 25(OH)D3 has great potential for cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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30
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OWENS DANIELJ, TANG JONATHANCY, BRADLEY WARRENJ, SPARKS ANDYS, FRASER WILLIAMD, MORTON JAMESP, CLOSE GRAEMEL. Efficacy of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplements for Elite Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:349-356. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Potential Osteoinductive Effects of Calcitriol on the m-RNA of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Alveolar Periosteum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3529561. [PMID: 28105418 PMCID: PMC5220409 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3529561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized alveolar periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P-MSCs) and examined the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) exerts osteoinductive effects on P-MSCs. The mRNA expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core-binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1 (Col-1), osteocalcin (OCN), and vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) were assessed after incubation with calcitriol for 2 weeks. Vitamin C as positive control (Vit. C-p) increased ALP and CBFA1 mRNA expression at both 1 and 2 weeks and increased BSP and Col-1 mRNA expression only at the first week. A concentration of 10−8 M calcitriol enhanced ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and BSP mRNA expression at the first week. Furthermore, 10−7 M calcitriol increased the mRNA expressions of all compounds at both weeks, except that of CBFA1 at the first week. 10−8 M calcitriol and Vit. C-p enhanced ALP activity at the second and third weeks. The results revealed that 10−9, 10−8, and 10−7 M calcitriol induced osteoinduction in alveolar P-MSCs by increasing ALP, CBFA1, Col-1, and OCN mRNA expression. A 10−7 M calcitriol yielded a higher mRNA expression than Vit. Cp on VDR and OCN mRNA expression at both weeks and on Col-1 mRNA at the second week.
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32
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Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Effect of zinc plus multivitamin supplementation on growth in school children. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:1193-1199. [PMID: 27083763 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc and multiple vitamins are essential for growth. Zinc and vitamin deficiency is very common in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of zinc plus multivitamin supplements in improving growth of healthy Thai schoolchildren. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted in healthy 4-13-year-old Thai schoolchildren attending public school in central Thailand. Participants were randomized to receive either chelated zinc in the form of zinc bis-glycinate (20 mg elemental zinc) plus multivitamins (vitamin A, 1000 IU; vitamin D, 200 IU; B1, 10 mg; B2, 3 mg; B6, 1 mg; B12, 10 μg; nicotinamide, 40 mg) or placebo once per day, 5 days per week for 6 months. Primary outcome was change in height from baseline to the end of the study. Secondary outcomes were change in weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences and waist-to-height ratio. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS Seventy children each were randomized to the treatment and placebo groups. The children who received zinc and multivitamins had significantly higher gain in height (4.9 ± 1.3 vs 3.6 ± 0.9 cm, respectively; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed significant improvement in height, especially in preadolescents. The increased gain in height was irrespective of baseline height and weight. The extra gain in height occurred after 2 months of supplementation. The changes in other anthropometric indices were not significantly different. CONCLUSION Supplementation of chelated zinc plus multivitamins for 6 months significantly increased height gain in Thai schoolchildren and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanguansak Rerksuppaphol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, NakornNayok, Thailand
| | - Lakkana Rerksuppaphol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, NakornNayok, Thailand
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33
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van der Meijden K, Buskermolen J, van Essen HW, Schuurman T, Steegenga WT, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Langenbach GEJ, van Ruijven LJ, den Heijer M, Lips P, Bravenboer N. Long-term vitamin D deficiency in older adult C57BL/6 mice does not affect bone structure, remodeling and mineralization. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:344-352. [PMID: 26361014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Animal models show that vitamin D deficiency may have severe consequences for skeletal health. However, most studies have been performed in young rodents for a relatively short period, while in older adult rodents the effects of long-term vitamin D deficiency on skeletal health have not been extensively studied. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term vitamin D deficiency on bone structure, remodeling and mineralization in bones from older adult mice. The second aim was to determine the effects of long-term vitamin D deficiency on mRNA levels of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism in bones from older adult mice. Ten months old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 0.5% calcium, 0.2% phosphate and 0 (n=8) or 1 (n=9) IU vitamin D3/gram for 14 months. At an age of 24 months, mice were sacrificed for histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis of humeri as well as analysis of CYP27B1, CYP24 and VDR mRNA levels in tibiae and kidneys using RT-qPCR. Plasma samples, obtained at 17 and 24 months of age, were used for measurements of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (all samples), phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) (terminal samples) concentrations. At the age of 17 and 24 months, mean plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were below the detection limit (<4nmol/L) in mice receiving vitamin D deficient diets. Plasma phosphate and PTH concentrations did not differ between both groups. Micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis of bone mineral density, structure and remodeling did not reveal differences between control and vitamin D deficient mice. Long-term vitamin D deficiency did also not affect CYP27B1 mRNA levels in tibiae, while CYP24 mRNA levels in tibiae were below the detection threshold in both groups. VDR mRNA levels in tibiae from vitamin D deficient mice were 0.7 fold lower than those in control mice. In conclusion, long-term vitamin D deficiency in older adult C57BL/6 mice, accompanied by normal plasma PTH and phosphate concentrations, does not affect bone structure, remodeling and mineralization. In bone, expression levels of CYP27B1 are also not affected by long-term vitamin D deficiency in older adult C57BL/6 mice. Our results suggest that mice at old age have a low or absent response to vitamin D deficiency probably due to factors such as a decreased bone formation rate or a reduced response of bone cells to 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D. Older adult mice may therefore be less useful for the study of the effects of vitamin D deficiency on bone health in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Endocrinology/Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Buskermolen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H W van Essen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Schuurman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Group/Nutrition and Epidemiology Group/Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Health Group/Nutrition and Epidemiology Group/Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - G E J Langenbach
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J van Ruijven
- Department of Oral Cell Biology and Functional Anatomy, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology/Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Endocrinology/Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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34
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van der Meijden K, Bravenboer N, Dirks NF, Heijboer AC, den Heijer M, de Wit GMJ, Offringa C, Lips P, Jaspers RT. Effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 on C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Myotube Hypertrophy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2517-28. [PMID: 27018098 PMCID: PMC5111790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An adequate vitamin D status is essential to optimize muscle strength. However, whether vitamin D directly reduces muscle fiber atrophy or stimulates muscle fiber hypertrophy remains subject of debate. A mechanism that may affect the role of vitamin D in the regulation of muscle fiber size is the local conversion of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2 D by 1α-hydroxylase. Therefore, we investigated in a murine C2C12 myoblast culture whether both 1,25(OH)2 D3 and 25(OH)D3 affect myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myotube size and whether these cells are able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . We show that myoblasts not only responded to 1,25(OH)2 D3 , but also to the precursor 25(OH)D3 by increasing their VDR mRNA expression and reducing their proliferation. In differentiating myoblasts and myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 as well as 25(OH)D3 stimulated VDR mRNA expression and in myotubes 1,25(OH)2 D3 also stimulated MHC mRNA expression. However, this occurred without notable effects on myotube size. Moreover, no effects on the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as MyoD and myogenin mRNA levels were observed. Interestingly, both myoblasts and myotubes expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 mRNA which are required for vitamin D3 metabolism. Although 1α-hydroxylase activity could not be shown in myotubes, after treatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 or 25(OH)D3 myotubes showed strongly elevated CYP24 mRNA levels compared to untreated cells. Moreover, myotubes were able to convert 25(OH)D3 to 24R,25(OH)2 D3 which may play a role in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. These data suggest that skeletal muscle is not only a direct target for vitamin D3 metabolites, but is also able to metabolize 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 . J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2517-2528, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N F Dirks
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G M J de Wit
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Offringa
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jeong Y, Swami S, Krishnan AV, Williams JD, Martin S, Horst RL, Albertelli MA, Feldman BJ, Feldman D, Diehn M. Inhibition of Mouse Breast Tumor-Initiating Cells by Calcitriol and Dietary Vitamin D. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1951-61. [PMID: 25934710 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer actions of vitamin D and its hormonally active form, calcitriol, have been extensively documented in clinical and preclinical studies. However, the mechanisms underlying these actions have not been completely elucidated. Here, we examined the effect of dietary vitamin D and calcitriol on mouse breast tumor-initiating cells (TICs, also known as cancer stem cells). We focused on MMTV-Wnt1 mammary tumors, for which markers for isolating TICs have previously been validated. We confirmed that these tumors expressed functional vitamin D receptors and estrogen receptors (ER) and exhibited calcitriol-induced molecular responses including ER downregulation. Following orthotopic implantation of MMTV-Wnt1 mammary tumor cells into mice, calcitriol injections or a vitamin D-supplemented diet caused a striking delay in tumor appearance and growth, whereas a vitamin D-deficient diet accelerated tumor appearance and growth. Calcitriol inhibited TIC tumor spheroid formation in a dose-dependent manner in primary cultures and inhibited TIC self-renewal in secondary passages. A combination of calcitriol and ionizing radiation inhibited spheroid formation more than either treatment alone. Further, calcitriol significantly decreased TIC frequency as evaluated by in vivo limiting dilution analyses. Calcitriol inhibition of TIC spheroid formation could be overcome by the overexpression of β-catenin, suggesting that the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is an important mechanism mediating the TIC inhibitory activity of calcitriol in this tumor model. Our findings indicate that vitamin D compounds target breast TICs reducing tumor-initiating activity. Our data also suggest that combining vitamin D compounds with standard therapies may enhance anticancer activity and improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngtae Jeong
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Aruna V Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jasmaine D Williams
- Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shanique Martin
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Megan A Albertelli
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David Feldman
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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TAp63γ and ΔNp63β promote osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells: regulation by vitamin D3 Metabolites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123642. [PMID: 25849854 PMCID: PMC4388628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is required for skeletal formation, and is important for the regulation of 1α,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Herein we report that TAp63γ and ΔNp63β appear to be an integral part of the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC and are differentially regulated by the vitamin D3 metabolites 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3. We compared the endogenous expression of p63 isoforms (TA- and ΔNp63) and splice variants (p63α, -β, -γ), in naive hMSC and during osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC. TAp63α and -β were the predominant p63 variants in naive, proliferating hMSC. In contrast, under osteoblastic differentiation conditions, expression of p63 changed from the TAp63α and -β to the TAp63γ and ΔNp63β variants. Transient overexpression of the p63 variants demonstrated that TAp63β, ΔNp63β, and ΔNp63γ increased alkaline phosphatase activity and ΔNp63α and -γ increased the expression of mRNA for osteocalcin and osterix. Our results support the hypothesis that TAp63α and -β promote a naive state in hMSC. Moreover, TAp63γ is increased during and promotes early osteoblastic differentiation through the expression of pro-osteogenic genes; VDR, Osterix, Runx2 and Osteopontin. ΔNp63β also appears to support osteogenic maturation through increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of mRNA for ΔNp63, while addition of 24R,25(OH)2D3 increased the expression of TA- and ΔNp63γ variants. These novel findings demonstrate for the first time that p63 variants are differentially expressed in naive hMSC (TAp63α,β), are important during the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSC (TAp63γ and ΔNp63β), and are differentially regulated by the vitamin D3 metabolites, 1α,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3. The molecular nuances and mechanisms of osteoblastic differentiation presented here will hopefully improve our understanding of bone development, complications in bone repair (mal- and non-union fractures), osteoporosis and possibly lead to new modalities of treatment.
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The effects of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and transforming growth factor-β3 on bone development in an ex vivo organotypic culture system of embryonic chick femora. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121653. [PMID: 25835745 PMCID: PMC4383569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-β3) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25 (OH) 2D3) are essential factors in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis respectively. These factors also play a fundamental role in the developmental processes and the maintenance of skeletal integrity, but their respective direct effects on these processes are not fully understood. Using an organotypic bone rudiment culture system the current study has examined the direct roles the osteotropic factors 1α,25 (OH)2D3 and TGF-β3 exert on the development and modulation of the three dimensional structure of the embryonic femur. Isolated embryonic chick femurs (E11) were organotypically cultured for 10 days in basal media, or basal media supplemented with either 1α,25 (OH) 2D3 (25 nM) or TGF-β3 (5 ng/mL & 15 ng/mL). Analyses of the femurs were undertaken using micro-computed tomography (μCT), histology and immunohistochemistry. 1α,25 (OH)2D3 supplemented cultures enhanced osteogenesis directly in the developing femurs with elevated levels of osteogenic markers such as type 1 collagen. In marked contrast organotypic femur cultures supplemented with TGF-β3 (5 ng/mL & 15 ng/mL) demonstrated enhanced chondrogenesis with a reduction in osteogenesis. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of the ex vivo organotypic embryonic femur culture employed to elucidate the direct roles of these molecules, 1α,25 (OH) 2D3 and TGF-β3 on the structural development of embryonic bone within a three dimensional framework. We conclude that 1α,25(OH)2D and TGF-β3 modify directly the various cell populations in bone rudiment organotypic cultures effecting tissue metabolism resulting in significant changes in embryonic bone growth and modulation. Understanding the roles of osteotropic agents in the process of skeletal development is integral to developing new strategies for the recapitulation of bone tissue in later life.
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Gat-Yablonski G, Phillip M. Nutritionally-induced catch-up growth. Nutrients 2015; 7:517-51. [PMID: 25594438 PMCID: PMC4303852 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is considered a leading cause of growth attenuation in children. When food is replenished, spontaneous catch-up (CU) growth usually occurs, bringing the child back to its original growth trajectory. However, in some cases, the CU growth is not complete, leading to a permanent growth deficit. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding the mechanism regulating nutrition and growth, including systemic factors, such as insulin, growth hormone, insulin- like growth factor-1, vitamin D, fibroblast growth factor-21, etc., and local mechanisms, including autophagy, as well as regulators of transcription, protein synthesis, miRNAs and epigenetics. Studying the molecular mechanisms regulating CU growth may lead to the establishment of better nutritional and therapeutic regimens for more effective CU growth in children with malnutrition and growth abnormalities. It will be fascinating to follow this research in the coming years and to translate the knowledge gained to clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia Gat-Yablonski
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Children's Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Moshe Phillip
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Children's Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, and Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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van der Meijden K, Lips P, van Driel M, Heijboer AC, Schulten EAJM, den Heijer M, Bravenboer N. Primary human osteoblasts in response to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110283. [PMID: 25329305 PMCID: PMC4201491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most biologically active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has well known direct effects on osteoblast growth and differentiation in vitro. The precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) can affect osteoblast function via conversion to 1,25(OH)2D3, however, it is largely unknown whether 25(OH)D3 can affect primary osteoblast function on its own. Furthermore, 25(OH)D3 is not only converted to 1,25(OH)2D3, but also to 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3) which may have bioactivity as well. Therefore we used a primary human osteoblast model to examine whether 25(OH)D3 itself can affect osteoblast function using CYP27B1 silencing and to investigate whether 24R,25(OH)2D3 can affect osteoblast function. We showed that primary human osteoblasts responded to both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 by reducing their proliferation and enhancing their differentiation by the increase of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteopontin expression. Osteoblasts expressed CYP27B1 and CYP24 and synthesized 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 dose-dependently. Silencing of CYP27B1 resulted in a decline of 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis, but we observed no significant differences in mRNA levels of differentiation markers in CYP27B1-silenced cells compared to control cells after treatment with 25(OH)D3. We demonstrated that 24R,25(OH)2D3 increased mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and osteopontin. In addition, 24R,25(OH)2D3 strongly increased CYP24 mRNA. In conclusion, the vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25(OH)2D3 can affect osteoblast differentiation directly or indirectly. We showed that primary human osteoblasts not only respond to 1,25(OH)2D3, but also to 24R,25(OH)2D3 by enhancing osteoblast differentiation. This suggests that 25(OH)D3 can affect osteoblast differentiation via conversion to the active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3, but also via conversion to 24R,25(OH)2D3. Whether 25(OH)D3 has direct actions on osteoblast function needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen van der Meijden
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Driel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke C. Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Engelbert A. J. M. Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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