1
|
Pajaziti B, Yosy K, Steinberg OV, Düfer M. FGF-23 protects cell function and viability in murine pancreatic islets challenged by glucolipotoxicity. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:309-322. [PMID: 36437429 PMCID: PMC9908675 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-022-02772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor FGF-23 is a member of the FGF-15/19 subfamily with hormonal functions. Besides its well-known role for bone mineralization, FGF-23 is discussed as a marker for cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether FGF-23 has any effects on the endocrine pancreas of mice by determining insulin secretion, electrical activity, intracellular Ca2+, and apoptosis. Acute application of FGF-23 (10 to 500 ng/ml, i.e., 0.4 to 20 nM) does not affect insulin release of murine islets, while prolonged exposure leads to a 21% decrease in glucose-stimulated secretion. The present study shows for the first time that FGF-23 (100 or 500 ng/ml) partially protects against impairment of insulin secretion and apoptotic cell death induced by glucolipotoxicity. The reduction of apoptosis by FGF-23 is approximately twofold higher compared to FGF-21 or FGF-15/19. In contrast to FGF-23 and FGF-21, FGF-15/19 is clearly pro-apoptotic under control conditions. The beneficial effect of FGF-23 against glucolipotoxicity involves interactions with the stimulus-secretion cascade of beta-cells. Electrical activity and the rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of islets in response to acute glucose stimulation increase after glucolipotoxic culture (48 h). Co-culture with FGF-23 further elevates the glucose-mediated effects on both parameters. Protection against apoptosis and glucolipotoxic impairment of insulin release by FGF-23 is prevented, when calcineurin is inhibited by tacrolimus or when c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is blocked by SP600125. In conclusion, our data suggest that FGF-23 can activate compensatory mechanisms to maintain beta-cell function and integrity of islets of Langerhans during excessive glucose and lipid supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betina Pajaziti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße, 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kenneth Yosy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße, 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga V Steinberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße, 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Düfer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Münster, Corrensstraße, 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
PIAS1 Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice through a Mechanism Involving NFATc1 SUMOylation. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4988539. [PMID: 36092961 PMCID: PMC9452975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4988539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, attentions have come to the alleviatory effect of protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), but the underlying molecular mechanistic actions remain largely unknown, which were illustrated in the present study. Microarray-based analysis predicted a possible regulatory mechanism involving the PIAS1/NFATc1/HDAC1/IRF-1/p38 MAPK signaling axis in HIRI. Then, growth dynamics of hypoxia/reoxygenation- (H/R-) exposed hepatocytes and liver injury of HIRI-like mice were delineated after the alteration of the PIAS1 expression. We validated that PIAS1 downregulation occurred in H/R-exposed hepatocytes and HIRI-like mice, while the expression of NFATc1, HDAC1, and IRF-1 and phosphorylation levels of p38 were increased. PIAS1 inactivated p38 MAPK signaling by inhibiting HDAC1-mediated IRF-1 through NFATc1 SUMOylation, thereby repressing the inflammatory response and apoptosis of hepatocytes in vitro, and alleviated liver injury in vivo. Collectively, the NFATc1/HDAC1/IRF-1/p38 MAPK signaling axis is highlighted as a promising therapeutic target for potentiating hepatoprotective effects of PIAS1 against HIRI.
Collapse
|
3
|
Darden CM, Vasu S, Mattke J, Liu Y, Rhodes CJ, Naziruddin B, Lawrence MC. Calcineurin/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT signaling maintains β-cell identity and function during metabolic and inflammatory stress. iScience 2022; 25:104125. [PMID: 35402865 PMCID: PMC8983383 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islets respond to metabolic and inflammatory stress by producing hormones and other factors that induce adaptive cellular and systemic responses. Here we show that intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and ROS signals generated by high glucose and cytokine-induced ER stress activate calcineurin (CN)/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT to maintain β-cell identity and function. This was attributed in part by direct induction of the endocrine differentiation gene RFX6 and suppression of several β-cell "disallowed" genes, including MCT1. CN/NFATc2 targeted p300 and HDAC1 to RFX6 and MCT1 promoters to induce and suppress gene transcription, respectively. In contrast, prolonged exposure to stress, hyperstimulated [Ca2+]i, or perturbation of CN/NFATc2 resulted in downregulation of RFX6 and induction of MCT1. These findings reveal that CN/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT maintain β-cell function during acute stress, but β-cells dedifferentiate to a dysfunctional state upon loss or exhaustion of Ca2+/CN/NFATc2 signaling. They further demonstrate the utility of targeting CN/NFATc2 to restore β-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly M. Darden
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Srividya Vasu
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| | - Jordan Mattke
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Ltd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Williamson M, Moustaid-Moussa N, Gollahon L. The Molecular Effects of Dietary Acid Load on Metabolic Disease (The Cellular PasaDoble: The Fast-Paced Dance of pH Regulation). FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2021; 1:777088. [PMID: 39087082 PMCID: PMC11285710 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2021.777088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming more common and more severe in populations adhering to western lifestyle. Since metabolic conditions are highly diet and lifestyle dependent, it is suggested that certain diets are the cause for a wide range of metabolic dysfunctions. Oxidative stress, excess calcium excretion, inflammation, and metabolic acidosis are common features in the origins of most metabolic disease. These primary manifestations of "metabolic syndrome" can lead to insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Further complications of the conditions involve kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancers. Dietary analysis shows that a modern "Western-style" diet may facilitate a disruption in pH homeostasis and drive disease progression through high consumption of exogenous acids. Because so many physiological and cellular functions rely on acid-base reactions and pH equilibrium, prolonged exposure of the body to more acids than can effectively be buffered, by chronic adherence to poor diet, may result in metabolic stress followed by disease. This review addresses relevant molecular pathways in mammalian cells discovered to be sensitive to acid - base equilibria, their cellular effects, and how they can cascade into an organism-level manifestation of Metabolic Syndromes. We will also discuss potential ways to help mitigate this digestive disruption of pH and metabolic homeostasis through dietary change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Williamson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Lauren Gollahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He X, Gao F, Hou J, Li T, Tan J, Wang C, Liu X, Wang M, Liu H, Chen Y, Yu Z, Yang M. Metformin inhibits MAPK signaling and rescues pancreatic aquaporin 7 expression to induce insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101002. [PMID: 34303707 PMCID: PMC8374641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line antidiabetic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Although accumulated evidence has shed light on the consequences of metformin action, the precise mechanisms of its action, especially in the pancreas, are not fully understood. Aquaporin 7 (AQP7) acts as a critical regulator of intraislet glycerol content, which is necessary for insulin production and secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of metformin on AQP7 expression and explore the possible mechanism of its protective effects in the pancreatic islets. We used an in vivo model of high-fat diet in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and an in vitro model of rat pancreatic β-cells (INS-1 cells) damaged by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Our data showed that AQP7 expression levels were decreased, whereas p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were activated in vivo and in vitro in response to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. T2DM rats treated with metformin demonstrated a reduction in blood glucose levels and increased regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. In addition, metformin upregulated AQP7 expression as well as inhibited activation of p38 and JNK MAPKs both in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of AQP7 increased glycerol influx into INS-1 cells, whereas inhibition of AQP7 reduced glycerol influx, thereby decreasing subsequent insulin secretion. Our findings demonstrate a new mechanism by which metformin suppresses the p38 and JNK pathways, thereby upregulating pancreatic AQP7 expression and promoting glycerol influx into pancreatic β-cells and subsequent insulin secretion in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting He
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Hou
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjie Li
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Tan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyuan Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharp-Tawfik AE, Coiner AM, MarElia CB, Kazantzis M, Zhang C, Burkhardt BR. Compositional analysis and biological characterization of Cornus officinalis on human 1.1B4 pancreatic β cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110491. [PMID: 31255730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from the loss of pancreatic β cells and subsequent insulin production. Novel interventional therapies are urgently needed that can protect existing β cells from cytokine-induced death and enhance their function before symptomatic onset. Our initial evidence is suggesting that bioactive ingredients within Cornus officinalis (CO) may be able to serve in this function. CO has been extensively used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and reported to possess both anti-inflammatory and pro-metabolic effects. We hypothesize that CO treatment may provide a future potential candidate for interventional therapy for early stage T1D prior to significant β cell loss. Our data demonstrated that CO can inhibit cytokine-mediated β cell death, increase cell viability and oxidative capacity, and increase expression of NFATC2 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells, Cytoplasmic 2). We have also profiled the bioactive components in CO from multiple sources by HPLC/MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Altogether, CO significantly increases the energy metabolism of β cells while inducing the NFAT pathway to signal for increased proliferation and endocrine function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arielle E Sharp-Tawfik
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Alexis M Coiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Catherine B MarElia
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Metabolic Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Clare Zhang
- Practice of Oriental Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brant R Burkhardt
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan Y, Nie W, Chen C, He X, Xu Y, Ma X, Zhang J, Tan M, Rong P, Wang W. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and enhance the pro-survival pathways in porcine islets. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:781-788. [PMID: 31042075 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219844472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach to serve as adjuvant therapy for islet transplantation. But the inability to translate promising preclinical results into sound therapeutic effects in human subjects indicates a lack of key knowledge of MSC-islet interactions that warrant further research. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are critical factors which lead to a tremendous loss of islet grafts. However, previous studies mainly focused on other aspects of MSC protection such as inducing revascularization, enhancing insulin secretion, and reducing islet apoptosis. In this study, we aim to investigate whether MSC can protect islet cells from hypoxic damage by inhibiting ROS production and the potential underlying pathways involved. We also explore the effects of MSC-derived exosomes and IL-6 on hypoxia-injured islets. Our data provide new molecular targets for developing MSC applications, and this may ultimately promote the efficiency of clinical islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Tan
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Nie
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,3 Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xuesong He
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,3 Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Mengqun Tan
- 3 Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1 Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China.,2 Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,3 Engineering and Technology Research Center for Xenotransplantation of Hunan Province, Changsha 410000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang Y, Song Y, Wang R, Hu T, Zhang D, Wang Z, Tie X, Wang M, Han S. NFAT1-Mediated Regulation of NDEL1 Promotes Growth and Invasion of Glioma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2593-2603. [PMID: 30940662 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) promote tumor generation and progression. However, the mechanism of GSC induction or maintenance is largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that the calcium-responsive transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFAT1) is activated in glioblastomas and regulates the invasion of tumor cells. In this study, we further explored the role of NFAT1 in GSC. We found that NFAT1 expression was associated with an aggressive phenotype and predicted poor survival in gliomas. Compared with normal glioma cells, NFAT1 was upregulated in GSC. NFAT1 knockdown reduced GSC viability, invasion, and self-renewal in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in vivo, whereas NFAT1 overexpression enhanced the growth and invasion of GSCs. RNA sequencing showed that NFAT1 depletion was associated with reduced neurodevelopment protein 1-like 1 (NDEL1, a potential downstream target of NFAT1) expression, whereas NFAT1 overexpression induced NDEL1 expression. In addition, NFAT1 regulated the promoter activities of NDEL1, whereas rescue of NDEL1 in NFAT1-silenced GSC partially restored tumor growth and invasion. Upregulation of NFAT1-NDEL1 signaling elevated Erk activation, increased protein levels of stemness markers in GSC, and resulted in de-differentiation of normal neuronal cells and astrocytes. Our results indicate that NFAT1 controls the growth and invasion of GSC partially through regulation of NDEL1. Targeting the NFAT1-NDEL1 axis therefore might be of potential benefit in the treatment of patients with glioma. SIGNIFICANCE: NFAT1 controls the growth and invasion of GSCs, partially by regulating NDEL1. Targeting the NFAT1-NDEL1 axis might provide opportunities in treating patients with glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifu Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Run Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Di Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinxin Tie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sheng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sabatini PV, Speckmann T, Lynn FC. Friend and foe: β-cell Ca 2+ signaling and the development of diabetes. Mol Metab 2019; 21:1-12. [PMID: 30630689 PMCID: PMC6407368 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The divalent cation Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a wide range of processes in disparate cell types. Within insulin-producing β-cells, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ directly stimulate insulin vesicle exocytosis, but also initiate multiple signaling pathways. Mediated through activation of downstream kinases and transcription factors, Ca2+-regulated signaling pathways leverage substantial influence on a number of critical cellular processes within the β-cell. Additionally, there is evidence that prolonged activation of these same pathways is detrimental to β-cell health and may contribute to Type 2 Diabetes pathogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review aims to briefly highlight canonical Ca2+ signaling pathways in β-cells and how β-cells regulate the movement of Ca2+ across numerous organelles and microdomains. As a main focus, this review synthesizes experimental data from in vitro and in vivo models on both the beneficial and detrimental effects of Ca2+ signaling pathways for β-cell function and health. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Acute increases in intracellular Ca2+ stimulate a number of signaling cascades, resulting in (de-)phosphorylation events and activation of downstream transcription factors. The short-term stimulation of these Ca2+ signaling pathways promotes numerous cellular processes critical to β-cell function, including increased viability, replication, and insulin production and secretion. Conversely, chronic stimulation of Ca2+ signaling pathways increases β-cell ER stress and results in the loss of β-cell differentiation status. Together, decades of study demonstrate that Ca2+ movement is tightly regulated within the β-cell, which is at least partially due to its dual roles as a potent signaling molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Sabatini
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perturbation in cellular redox homeostasis: Decisive regulator of T cell mediated immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 67:449-457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
11
|
Isx9 Regulates Calbindin D28K Expression in Pancreatic β Cells and Promotes β Cell Survival and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092542. [PMID: 30150605 PMCID: PMC6165483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and death contribute to the onset of diabetes, and novel strategies of β-cell function and survival under diabetogenic conditions need to be explored. We previously demonstrated that Isx9, a small molecule based on the isoxazole scaffold, drives neuroendocrine phenotypes by increasing the expression of genes required for β-cell function and improves glycemia in a model of β cell regeneration. We further investigated the role of Isx9 in β-cell survival. We find that Isx9 drives the expression of Calbindin-D28K (D28K), a key regulator of calcium homeostasis, and plays a cytoprotective role through its calcium buffering capacity in β cells. Isx9 increased the activity of the calcineurin (CN)/cytoplasmic nuclear factor of the activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor, a key regulator of D28K, and improved the recruitment of NFATc1, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and p300 to the D28K promoter. We found that nutrient stimulation increased D28K plasma membrane enrichment and modulated calcium channel activity in order to regulate glucose-induced insulin secretion. Isx9-mediated expression of D28K protected β cells against chronic stress induced by serum withdrawal or chronic inflammation by reducing caspase 3 activity. Consequently, Isx9 improved human islet function after transplantation in NOD-SCID mice in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. In summary, Isx9 significantly regulates expression of genes relevant to β cell survival and function, and may be an attractive therapy to treat diabetes and improve islet function post-transplantation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kycia I, Wolford BN, Huyghe JR, Fuchsberger C, Vadlamudi S, Kursawe R, Welch RP, Albanus RD, Uyar A, Khetan S, Lawlor N, Bolisetty M, Mathur A, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ucar D, Mohlke KL, Boehnke M, Collins FS, Parker SCJ, Stitzel ML. A Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Variant Potentiates Activity of an Evolutionarily Conserved Islet Stretch Enhancer and Increases C2CD4A and C2CD4B Expression. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:620-635. [PMID: 29625024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and functional genomics approaches implicate enhancer disruption in islet dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We applied genetic fine-mapping and functional (epi)genomic approaches to a T2D- and proinsulin-associated 15q22.2 locus to identify a most likely causal variant, determine its direction of effect, and elucidate plausible target genes. Fine-mapping and conditional analyses of proinsulin levels of 8,635 non-diabetic individuals from the METSIM study support a single association signal represented by a cluster of 16 strongly associated (p < 10-17) variants in high linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with the GWAS index SNP rs7172432. These variants reside in an evolutionarily and functionally conserved islet and β cell stretch or super enhancer; the most strongly associated variant (rs7163757, p = 3 × 10-19) overlaps a conserved islet open chromatin site. DNA sequence containing the rs7163757 risk allele displayed 2-fold higher enhancer activity than the non-risk allele in reporter assays (p < 0.01) and was differentially bound by β cell nuclear extract proteins. Transcription factor NFAT specifically potentiated risk-allele enhancer activity and altered patterns of nuclear protein binding to the risk allele in vitro, suggesting that it could be a factor mediating risk-allele effects. Finally, the rs7163757 proinsulin-raising and T2D risk allele (C) was associated with increased expression of C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, both of which were induced by inflammatory cytokines, in human islets. Together, these data suggest that rs7163757 contributes to genetic risk of islet dysfunction and T2D by increasing NFAT-mediated islet enhancer activity and modulating C2CD4B, and possibly C2CD4A, expression in (patho)physiologic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Kycia
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Romy Kursawe
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ryan P Welch
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ricardo d'Oliveira Albanus
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asli Uyar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Shubham Khetan
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Nathan Lawlor
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Anubhuti Mathur
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Duygu Ucar
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francis S Collins
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen C J Parker
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael L Stitzel
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Institute of Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Z, Yang H, Si S, Han Z, Tao J, Chen H, Ge Y, Guo M, Wang K, Tan R, Wei JF, Gu M. Polymorphisms of nucleotide factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 2 and 4 and the risk of acute rejection following kidney transplantation. World J Urol 2017; 36:111-116. [PMID: 29103109 PMCID: PMC5758697 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-017-2117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute rejection (AR) is a common complication of kidney transplantation. Nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFATs) are transcription factors involved in the activation of T lymphocytes, but their association with AR is unclear. METHODS This retrospective, case-control study included 200 renal transplant recipients who were divided into the AR group (n = 69) and stable group (n = 131). Their blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted from the whole blood. High-throughput next-generation sequencing was used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NFATC2 and NFATC4 genes. The correlation of these SNPs with AR was determined by logistic analysis. RESULTS Seventy-one SNPs of the NFATC2 and NFATC4 genes were identified by the sequencing and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analyses. After adjusting for age, gender and immunosuppressive protocols, 27 SNPs were correlated with AR, of which the SNP rs2426295 of the NFATC2 gene showed a significant correlation with AR in the HET model (AA vs. AC: OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19-0.98, P = 0.045), but no significant NFATC4 SNPs were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the rs2426295 variant of the NFATC2 gene is significantly associated with the occurrence of AR following kidney transplantation. And patients with AA genotypes in rs2426295 are inclined to suffer from AR pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Si
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Ge
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Guo
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yoshimatsu G, Kunnathodi F, Saravanan PB, Shahbazov R, Chang C, Darden CM, Zurawski S, Boyuk G, Kanak MA, Levy MF, Naziruddin B, Lawrence MC. Pancreatic β-Cell-Derived IP-10/CXCL10 Isletokine Mediates Early Loss of Graft Function in Islet Cell Transplantation. Diabetes 2017; 66:2857-2867. [PMID: 28855240 PMCID: PMC5652609 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets produce and secrete cytokines and chemokines in response to inflammatory and metabolic stress. The physiological role of these "isletokines" in health and disease is largely unknown. We observed that islets release multiple inflammatory mediators in patients undergoing islet transplants within hours of infusion. The proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10/CXCL10) was among the highest released, and high levels correlated with poor islet transplant outcomes. Transgenic mouse studies confirmed that donor islet-specific expression of IP-10 contributed to islet inflammation and loss of β-cell function in islet grafts. The effects of islet-derived IP-10 could be blocked by treatment of donor islets and recipient mice with anti-IP-10 neutralizing monoclonal antibody. In vitro studies showed induction of the IP-10 gene was mediated by calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in pancreatic β-cells in response to oxidative or inflammatory stress. Sustained association of NFAT and p300 histone acetyltransferase with the IP-10 gene required p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, which differentially regulated IP-10 expression and subsequent protein release. Overall, these findings elucidate an NFAT-MAPK signaling paradigm for induction of isletokine expression in β-cells and reveal IP-10 as a primary therapeutic target to prevent β-cell-induced inflammatory loss of graft function after islet cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rauf Shahbazov
- Islet Cell Laboratory, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, TX
| | - Charles Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX
| | - Carly M Darden
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX
| | | | - Gulbahar Boyuk
- Adacell Medical Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mazhar A Kanak
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Marlon F Levy
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Bashoo Naziruddin
- Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guénard F, Bouchard-Mercier A, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. Genome-Wide Association Study of Dietary Pattern Scores. Nutrients 2017; 9:E649. [PMID: 28644415 PMCID: PMC5537769 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns, representing global food supplies rather than specific nutrients or food intakes, have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. The contribution of genetic factors in the determination of food intakes, preferences and dietary patterns has been previously established. The current study aimed to identify novel genetic factors associated with reported dietary pattern scores. Reported dietary patterns scores were derived from reported dietary intakes for the preceding month and were obtained through a food frequency questionnaire and genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in a study sample of 141 individuals. Reported Prudent and Western dietary patterns demonstrated nominal associations (p < 1 × 10-5) with 78 and 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Among these, SNPs annotated to genes previously associated with neurological disorders, CVD risk factors and obesity were identified. Further assessment of SNPs demonstrated an impact on gene expression levels in blood for SNPs located within/near BCKDHB (p = 0.02) and the hypothalamic glucosensor PFKFB3 (p = 0.0004) genes, potentially mediated through an impact on the binding of transcription factors (TFs). Overrepresentations of glucose/energy homeostasis and hormone response TFs were also observed from SNP-surrounding sequences. Results from the current GWAS study suggest an interplay of genes involved in the metabolic response to dietary patterns on obesity, glucose metabolism and food-induced response in the brain in the adoption of dietary patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Guénard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Annie Bouchard-Mercier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Keller MP, Paul PK, Rabaglia ME, Stapleton DS, Schueler KL, Broman AT, Ye SI, Leng N, Brandon CJ, Neto EC, Plaisier CL, Simonett SP, Kebede MA, Sheynkman GM, Klein MA, Baliga NS, Smith LM, Broman KW, Yandell BS, Kendziorski C, Attie AD. The Transcription Factor Nfatc2 Regulates β-Cell Proliferation and Genes Associated with Type 2 Diabetes in Mouse and Human Islets. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006466. [PMID: 27935966 PMCID: PMC5147809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that genetic variation at >130 gene loci is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We asked if the expression of the candidate T2D-associated genes within these loci is regulated by a common locus in pancreatic islets. Using an obese F2 mouse intercross segregating for T2D, we show that the expression of ~40% of the T2D-associated genes is linked to a broad region on mouse chromosome (Chr) 2. As all but 9 of these genes are not physically located on Chr 2, linkage to Chr 2 suggests a genomic factor(s) located on Chr 2 regulates their expression in trans. The transcription factor Nfatc2 is physically located on Chr 2 and its expression demonstrates cis linkage; i.e., its expression maps to itself. When conditioned on the expression of Nfatc2, linkage for the T2D-associated genes was greatly diminished, supporting Nfatc2 as a driver of their expression. Plasma insulin also showed linkage to the same broad region on Chr 2. Overexpression of a constitutively active (ca) form of Nfatc2 induced β-cell proliferation in mouse and human islets, and transcriptionally regulated more than half of the T2D-associated genes. Overexpression of either ca-Nfatc2 or ca-Nfatc1 in mouse islets enhanced insulin secretion, whereas only ca-Nfatc2 was able to promote β-cell proliferation, suggesting distinct molecular pathways mediating insulin secretion vs. β-cell proliferation are regulated by NFAT. Our results suggest that many of the T2D-associated genes are downstream transcriptional targets of NFAT, and may act coordinately in a pathway through which NFAT regulates β-cell proliferation in both mouse and human islets. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and linkage studies provide a powerful way to establish a causal connection between a gene locus and a physiological or pathophysiological phenotype. We wondered if candidate genes associated with type 2 diabetes in human populations, in addition to being causal for the disease, could also be intermediate traits in a pathway leading to disease. In addition, we wished to know if there were any regulatory loci that could coordinately drive the expression of these genes in pancreatic islets and thus complete a pathway; i.e. Driver → GWAS candidate expression → type 2 diabetes. Using data from a mouse intercross between a diabetes-susceptible and a diabetes-resistant mouse strain, we found that the expression of ~40% of >130 candidate GWAS genes genetically mapped to a hot spot on mouse chromosome 2. Using a variety of statistical methods, we identified the transcription factor Nfatc2 as the candidate driver. Follow-up experiments showed that overexpression of Nfatc2 does indeed affect the expression of the GWAS genes and regulates β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion. The work shows that in addition to being causal, GWAS candidate genes can be intermediate traits in a pathway leading to disease. Model organisms can be used to explore these novel causal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Pradyut K. Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Rabaglia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Donnie S. Stapleton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Schueler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aimee Teo Broman
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shuyun Isabella Ye
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ning Leng
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Brandon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | | | - Shane P. Simonett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Melkam A. Kebede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gloria M. Sheynkman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Klein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Lloyd M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Karl W. Broman
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian S. Yandell
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alan D. Attie
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Emerging Roles of the Calcineurin-Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Lymphocytes Pathway in Nervous System Functions and Diseases. J Aging Res 2016; 2016:5081021. [PMID: 27597899 PMCID: PMC5002468 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing epidemics of metabolic diseases and increase in the older population have increased the incidences of neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence from murine and cell line models has implicated calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-lymphocytes (NFAT) signaling pathway, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent major proinflammatory pathway, in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Neurotoxins such as amyloid-β, tau protein, and α-synuclein trigger abnormal calcineurin/NFAT signaling activities. Additionally increased activities of endogenous regulators of calcineurin like plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) also cause neuronal and glial loss and related functional alterations, in neurodegenerative diseases, psychotic disorders, epilepsy, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Treatment with calcineurin/NFAT inhibitors induces some degree of neuroprotection and decreased reactive gliosis in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this paper, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the roles of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in physiology and pathologies of the adult and developing nervous system, with an emphasis on recent reports and cutting-edge findings. Calcineurin/NFAT signaling is known for its critical roles in the developing and adult nervous system. Its role in physiological and pathological processes is still controversial. However, available data suggest that its beneficial and detrimental effects are context-dependent. In view of recent reports calcineurin/NFAT signaling is likely to serve as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases and conditions. This review further highlights the need to characterize better all factors determining the outcome of calcineurin/NFAT signaling in diseases and the downstream targets mediating the beneficial and detrimental effects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Meyerovich K, Ortis F, Allagnat F, Cardozo AK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in pancreatic islet inflammation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R1-R17. [PMID: 27067637 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are extremely dependent on their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cope with the oscillatory requirement of secreted insulin to maintain normoglycemia. Insulin translation and folding rely greatly on the unfolded protein response (UPR), an array of three main signaling pathways designed to maintain ER homeostasis and limit ER stress. However, prolonged or excessive UPR activation triggers alternative molecular pathways that can lead to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. An increasing number of studies suggest a role of these pro-apoptotic UPR pathways in the downfall of β-cells observed in diabetic patients. Particularly, the past few years highlighted a cross talk between the UPR and inflammation in the context of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this article, we describe the recent advances in research regarding the interplay between ER stress, the UPR, and inflammation in the context of β-cell apoptosis leading to diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Meyerovich
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The activation of inflammatory response is dependent upon genetic factors and epigenetic control mechanisms. This overview will highlight recent advances in the understanding of epigenetic dynamics during cellular inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing body of evidence indicating that alterations of the chromatin state associate with an increased risk of chronic disease development and inflammation. Epigenetic alterations respond rapidly to environmental changes and have a profound effect on gene regulatory cross-wirings and transcriptional regulation. SUMMARY Systematic dissection of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic effects during inflammatory response is a critical step toward elucidation of the cell's molecular processes and holds potential for the development of novel therapies for the treatment of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dashzeveg Bayarsaihan
- Institute for System Genomics and Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang SS, He SL, Zhang YM. The effects of telmisartan on the nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes signalling pathway in hypertensive patients. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 17:1470320316655005. [PMID: 27317303 PMCID: PMC5843869 DOI: 10.1177/1470320316655005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Previous studies provide links between the nuclear factor of activated T lymphocytes (NFAT) signalling pathway and the development of hypertension. Our preliminary studies indicate that telmisartan can block Kv1.3 potassium channels and effectively inhibit potassium current densities, along with Kv1.3 mRNA and protein expression levels. This paper aims to investigate whether telmisartan has an inhibitory effect on the NFAT signalling pathway after activation and proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in Kazakh patients with essential hypertension (EH) from Xinjiang, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS T lymphocytes were isolated using the immunomagnetic cell sorting method (MACS). The mRNA expression of NFATc1, IL-6 and TNF-α was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and relative protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. T cell samples from 50 hypertensive Kazakh patients from Xinjiang were randomly divided into control, telmisartan, cyclosporin A (CsA), VIVIT, and 4-aminopytidine (4-AP) groups. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were first activated and proliferated in vitro, then incubated for 48 h under different treatment conditions before determination of protein and mRNA expression of NFATc1, IL-6, and TNF-α by Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses, respectively. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cardiovascular risk factors among the patients with samples assigned to the five groups (p > 0.05). Expression of NFATc1, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA and protein was significantly reduced in T lymphocytes in all treatment groups (telmisartan, CsA, VIVIT, and 4-AP) compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Antihypertensive function and inhibitory effects of telmisartan on the T lymphocyte NFAT signalling pathway are unlikely to affect the normal immune function of hypertensive patients. Telmisartan may exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibition of the NFAT signalling pathway in the T lymphocytes of hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Huang
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Si-Li He
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- Heart Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|