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Esmaeili H, Mirjalili MH, Karami A, Nejad Ebrahimi S. Introducing the glycyrrhizic acid and glabridin rich genotypes from the cultivated Iranian licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) populations to exploit in production systems. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11034. [PMID: 38744977 PMCID: PMC11094143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the stable, uniform, and highly efficient production of raw materials for pharmaceutical companies has received special attention. To meet these criteria and reduce harvesting pressure on the natural habitats of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), cultivation of this valuable plant is inevitable. In the present study, to introduce the glycyrrhizic acid (GA)- and glabridin-rich genotypes from cultivated Iranian licorice, forty genotypes from eight high-potential wild populations were cultivated and evaluated under the same environmental conditions. The GA content varied from 5.00 ± 0.04 mg/g DW (TF2 genotype) to 23.13 ± 0.02 mg/g DW (I5 genotype). The highest and lowest glabridin content were found in the K2 (0.72 ± 0.021 mg/g DW) and M5 (0.02 ± 0.002 mg/g DW) genotypes, respectively. The rutin content in the leaves of the studied genotypes varied from 1.27 ± 0.02 mg/g DW in E4 to 3.24 ± 0.02 mg/g DW in BO5 genotypes. The genotypes from the Ilam population were characterized by higher vegetative growth and yield traits in the aerial parts and roots. The average root dry yield was 2.44 tons per hectare (t/ha) among the studied genotypes and a genotype from Ilam (I5) yielded the maximum value (3.08 ± 0.034 t/ha). The highest coefficient of variation among the genotypes was observed for leaf width (CV = 34.9%). The GA and glabridin-rich genotypes introduced in this study can be used in the future breeding programs to release new bred licorice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Esmaeili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili
- Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, 1983969411, Iran
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Maruthiyodan S, Mumbrekar KD, Guruprasad KP. Involvement of mitochondria in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and their potential as targets for phytotherapeutics. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101868. [PMID: 38462158 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia around the globe. The disease's genesis is multifaceted, and its pathophysiology is complicated. Malfunction of mitochondria has been regarded as one of the intracellular events that are substantially damaged in the onset of AD and are likely a common trait of other neurodegenerative illnesses. Several mitochondrial characteristics begin to diminish with age, eventually reaching a state of significant functional failure concurrent with the beginning of neurodegenerative diseases, however, the exact timing of these processes is unknown. Mitochondrial malfunction has a multitude of negative repercussions, including reduced calcium buffering and secondary excitotoxicity contributing to synaptic dysfunction, also free radical production, and activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition. Hence mitochondria are considered a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's. Traditional medicinal systems practiced in different countries employing various medicinal plants postulated to have potential role in the therapy and management of memory impairment including amnesia, dementia as well as AD. Although, the preclinical and clinical studies using these medicinal plants or plant products have demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy for AD, the precise mechanism of action is still obscure. Therefore, this review discusses the contribution of mitochondria towards AD pathogenesis and considering phytotherapeutics as a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Maruthiyodan
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad
- Centre for Ayurvedic Biology, Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
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Sharma R, Singla RK, Banerjee S, Sharma R. Revisiting Licorice as a functional food in the management of neurological disorders: Bench to trend. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105452. [PMID: 37925093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional and scientific evidence attribute numerous bioactivities of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) in aging-related disorders. In this state-of-art review, an extensive search in several databases was conducted to collect all relevant literature and comprehensively analyze Licorice's pharmacological attributes, neuroprotective properties, safety, and its mechanistic role in treating various neurological conditions. Network pharmacology was employed for the first time exploring the mechanistic role of Licorice in neurological disorders. Its neuroprotective role is attributed to phytoconstituents, including liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, glabridin, 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, paratocarpin B, glycyglabrone, and hispaglabridin B, as evident from in vitro and in vivo studies. Network pharmacology analysis reveals that these compounds protect against long-term depression, aging-associated diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and other addictions through interactions with cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic proteins, validated in animal studies only. Future clinical trials are warranted as Licorice administration has a limiting factor of mild hypertension and hypokalemia. Hopefully, scientific updates on Licorice will propagate a paradigm shift in medicine, research propagation, and development of the central nervous system phytopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Centre, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
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Role of Phenylpropanoids and Flavonoids in Plant Resistance to Pests and Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238371. [PMID: 36500459 PMCID: PMC9735708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids and flavonoids are specialized metabolites frequently reported as involved in plant defense to biotic or abiotic stresses. Their biosynthetic accumulation may be constitutive and/or induced in response to external stimuli. They may participate in plant signaling driving plant defense responses, act as a physical or chemical barrier to prevent invasion, or as a direct toxic weapon against microbial or insect targets. Their protective action is described as the combinatory effect of their localization during the host's interaction with aggressors, their sustained availability, and the predominance of specific compounds or synergy with others. Their biosynthesis and regulation are partly deciphered; however, a lot of gaps in knowledge remain to be filled. Their mode of action on microorganisms and insects probably arises from an interference with important cellular machineries and structures, yet this is not fully understood for all type of pests and pathogens. We present here an overview of advances in the state of the art for both phenylpropanoids and flavonoids with the objective of paving the way for plant breeders looking for natural sources of resistance to improve plant varieties. Examples are provided for all types of microorganisms and insects that are targeted in crop protection. For this purpose, fields of phytopathology, phytochemistry, and human health were explored.
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Alhusban M, Pandey P, Ahn J, Avula B, Haider S, Avonto C, Ali Z, Khan SI, Ferreira D, Khan IA, Chittiboyina AG. Computational Tools to Expedite the Identification of Potential PXR Modulators in Complex Natural Product Mixtures: A Case Study with Five Closely Related Licorice Species. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:26824-26843. [PMID: 35936409 PMCID: PMC9352242 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genus Glycyrrhiza, comprising approximately 36 spp., possesses complex structural diversity and is documented to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities. Understanding and finding the mechanisms of efficacy or safety for a plant-based therapy is very challenging, yet it is crucial and necessary to understand the polypharmacology of traditional medicines. Licorice extract was shown to modulate the xenobiotic receptors, which might manifest as a potential route for natural product-induced drug interactions. However, different mechanisms could be involved in this phenomenon. Since the induced herb-drug interaction of licorice supplements via Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is understudied, we ventured out to analyze the potential modulators of PXR in complex mixtures such as whole extracts by applying computational mining tools. A total of 518 structures from five species of Glycyrrhiza: 183 (G. glabra), 180 (G. uralensis), 100 (G. inflata), 33 (G. echinata), and 22 (G. lepidota) were collected and post-processed to yield 387 unique compounds. Visual inspection of top candidates with favorable ligand-PXR interactions and the highest docking scores were identified. The in vitro testing revealed that glabridin (GG-14) is the most potent PXR activator among the tested compounds, followed by licoisoflavone A, licoisoflavanone, and glycycoumarin. A 200 ns molecular dynamics study with glabridin confirmed the stability of the glabridin-PXR complex, highlighting the importance of computational methods for rapid dereplication of potential xenobiotic modulators in a complex mixture instead of undertaking time-consuming classical biological testing of all compounds in a given botanical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Alhusban
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jongmin Ahn
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Saqlain Haider
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Cristina Avonto
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- Department
of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Rafey HA, Shah AH, Khalid Khan M, Kamran M, Tayyab M. Evaluation of the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Viola odorata in poly herbal formulations. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Traditional polyherbal formulations are essential part of health system in various populations in the subcontinent region including Pakistan, however scientific evaluation of such claims are not significant. In this investigation, the antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Viola odorata, two important ingredients of a traditional herbal formulation were determined in synergism. Various fractions of plants extract were prepared in the order of polarity. All fractions were tested against Gram negative (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi) bacteria and antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion method. The MIC (Minimum Inhibitory concentration), was assessed. Finally antibiofilm activities were determined using 96 micro wells plate by calculating percent inhibition. In case of Viola oldorata, the inhibition zone ranged between (6 mm to 18 mm±1.24) against the test strains. The highest inhibition was recorded against gram positive bacteria Strep: Pneumoniae (20 mm±0.99) followed by S. aureus (18 mm±1.02) using methanolic extract. A moderate level of inhibition was seen in case of Glycyrrhiza glabra against the microbial strains. It was noticed that Glycyrrhiza Glabra was more active against gram negative bacteria. The methanolic fraction presented highest activity against e coli (18 mm±0.96) followed by K. pneumoniae and P. aureginosa (12 mm±1.22).The MIC ranged between 4–8 mg/mL. During antibiofilm assay, a moderate level of inhibition occurs using the Viola odorata (40%inhibition) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (45%inhibition), that increased by using combination of both plants in 50:50 ratio. It was concluded that the effective properties of indigenous poly herbal formulation are due to synergism causing greater antibiofilm characteristics against the biofilm producer strains as well as other pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Abdul Rafey
- NPRL (Natural Products Research Lab) Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I.Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences / Dean of Sciences, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan. KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- NPRL (Natural Products Research Lab) Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I.Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- NPRL (Natural Products Research Lab) Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I.Khan, KPK, Pakistan
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Mubarik F, Noreen S, Farooq F, Khan M, Khan AU, Pane YS. Medicinal Uses of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.): A Comprehensive Review. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Innumerable plants have been used widely as integral medicinal sources since the start of human civilization. The demand for herbal medicines is constantly increasing with time overtime. Licorice
(
Glycyrrhiza glabra
family Leguminosae) is one of the most used herbal plants in foods, in medicinal forms, and substantially researched on a worldwide scale. It was used as traditional and complementary medicine against innumerable ailments including allergies, liver toxicity, gastric ulcer, lung diseases, skin disorders, oral health problems including tooth decay, and inflammation. The constituents of licorice include various essential oils, sugars, inorganic salts, resins, amino acids, and nucleic acids. Biological activity has been observed to be portrayed by active compounds of licorice including triterpene, flavonoids, and saponins. In recent years, licorice has been widely researched to discover its benefits, constituents, and its mechanism of action. The review summarizes the therapeutic and pharmacological benefits of licorice and its uses in different health-related conditions along with its toxicity and maximum levels of licorice consumption.
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Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7571132. [PMID: 34349875 PMCID: PMC8328722 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7571132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Glycyrrhiza genus, generally well-known as licorice, is broadly used for food and medicinal purposes around the globe. The genus encompasses a rich pool of bioactive molecules including triterpene saponins (e.g., glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids (e.g., liquiritigenin, liquiritin). This genus is being increasingly exploited for its biological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and the compound glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) have been studied immensely for their effect on humans. The efficacy of the compound has been reported to be significantly higher on viral hepatitis and immune deficiency syndrome. This review provides up-to-date data on the most widely investigated Glycyrrhiza species for food and medicinal purposes, with special emphasis on secondary metabolites' composition and bioactive effects.
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The influences of Tylosine and licorice dietary supplementation in terms of the productive performance, serum parameters, egg yolk lipid profile, antioxidant and immunity status of laying Japanese quail under heat stress condition. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Igarashi Y, Iida S, Dai J, Huo J, Cui X, Sawashita J, Mori M, Miyahara H, Higuchi K. Glavonoid-rich oil supplementation reduces stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 expression and improves systemic metabolism in diabetic, obese KK-A y mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111714. [PMID: 34022607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glavonoid-rich oil (GRO) derived from ethanol extraction of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linne) root has been reported to have beneficial effects on health. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of long-term administration of GRO on metabolic disorders and to elucidate the molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS Female obese, type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice were fed diets supplemented with 0.3% or 0.8% GRO (w/w) for 4-12 weeks. Mice were euthanized and autopsied at 20 weeks old. The effects of GRO on lipid and glucose metabolism were evaluated by measuring physiological and biochemical markers using mRNA sequencing, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and western blot analyses. KEY FINDINGS Compared to mice fed the control diet, GRO-supplemented mice had reduced body and white adipose tissue weights, serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, and improved glucose tolerance, while food intake was not affected. We found remarkable reductions in the gene expression levels of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 4 (Pdk4) in the liver, in addition to decreased expression of fatty acid synthase (Fasn) in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). These results suggest that GRO supplementation improves lipid profiles via reduced de novo lipogenesis in the liver and white adipose tissue. Glucose metabolism may also be improved by increased glycolysis in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis of long-term supplementation of GRO in obese and diabetic mice should provide novel insight into preventing insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Igarashi
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shiho Iida
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jian Dai
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoran Cui
- Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Jinko Sawashita
- Research & Development Team, Supplement Business Division, Pharma & Supplemental Nutrition Solutions Vehicle, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miyahara
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Neuro-Health Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Aging Biology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Community Health Care Research Center, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, Nagano, Japan.
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Dogra A, Gupta D, Bag S, Ahmed I, Bhatt S, Nehra E, Dhiman S, Kumar A, Singh G, Abdullah ST, Sangwan PL, Nandi U. Glabridin ameliorates methotrexate-induced liver injury via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Life Sci 2021; 278:119583. [PMID: 33957170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite unprecedented advances in modern medicine, no safe and effective drug is available to date for oral administration to combat drug-induced liver injury, which is a vital concern nowadays. The present study deals with the hepatoprotective effect of pure glabridin, a key phytoconstituent from Glycyrrhiza glabra with mechanistic investigations using an in-vivo methotrexate-induced liver injury model as there is no such precedent. The study was performed in the Swiss mice model where a single dose of methotrexate (40 mg/kg) was given on the 7th day through an intraperitoneal route to induce hepatotoxicity, and glabridin as a test compound was administered orally for eleven consecutive days at 10 to 40 mg/kg. Glabridin markedly improved serum biochemical parameters (SGPT, SGOT), proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) level, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT) as compared to methotrexate alone. Alterations in methotrexate-induced liver architecture were considerably prevented by glabridin treatment as suggested by liver histopathological examination and SEM investigation. Glabridin substantially prevented methotrexate-induced down-regulation of Nrf2, & activation of NF-κB, and caused up-regulation of BAX at different dose levels. Overall, glabridin is found to protect methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity by improving important factors for oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Divya Gupta
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Swarnendu Bag
- Proteomics unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ekta Nehra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Shakti Dhiman
- Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Payare Lal Sangwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India; Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India.
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Mishra RC, Kumari R, Yadav S, Yadav JP. Target Based Virtual Screening of New Leads Inhibitor against Bacterial Cell Division Protein FtsZ for the Discovery of Antibacterial Agents. Med Chem 2020; 16:169-175. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190206233448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Staphylococus epidermidis coagulase negative and gram positive streptococci
have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with the infection of implanted
medical devices and dandruff on human scalp. S. epidermidis filamenting temperature-sensitive
mutant Z (FtsZ) gene encoded FtsZ protein that assembles at future bacterial cell division site that
forms Z-ring structure. FtsZ is a tubulin homolog protein with low sequence similarity; this makes
it possible to inhibit bacterial FtsZ protein without affecting the eukaryote cell division.
Objective:
In the present study, phytochemicals of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Punica granatum
and Glycyrrhiza glabra were virtually screened for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
epidermidis cell division protein, FtsZ.
Methods:
Molecular docking method was used to investigate new lead inhibitor against bacterial
cell division protein FtsZ. SwissADME and ProTox tool were used to evaluate the toxicity of the
lead molecule.
Results:
Molecular docking based screening confirmed that among 122 phytochemicals, β-
sitosterol and glabrol showed the highest inhibitory activity against FtsZ. SwissADME tool
showed β-sitosterol and glabrol as the ideal antibacterial agents.
Conclusion:
Structure based drug design strategy has been broadly used to optimize antimicrobial
activity of small molecule/ligand against large protein receptor of disease, causing pathogens
which gives a major breakthrough in pharmaceuticals industries. The molecular docking and SwissADME
tool showed that β-sitosterol and glabrol may be developed to be potential topical and
sublingual antibacterial agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish C. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Rosy Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shivani Yadav
- Department of Computer Science and Applications, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
| | - Jaya P. Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India
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Chronic Alcohol Exposure Induced Neuroapoptosis: Diminishing Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Aralia elata. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7849876. [PMID: 31210848 PMCID: PMC6532276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7849876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate fraction from Aralia elata (AEEF) was investigated to confirm its neuronal cell protective effect on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in MC-IXC cells and its ameliorating effect on neurodegeneration in chronic alcohol-induced mice. The neuroprotective effect was examined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assays. As a result, AEEF reduced alcohol-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. To evaluate the improvement of learning, memory ability, and spatial cognition, Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were conducted. The AEEF groups showed an alleviation of the decrease in cognitive function in alcohol-treated mice. Then, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effect of AEEF in the brain tissue. Treatment with AEEF showed a considerable ameliorating effect on biomarkers such as SOD and MDA content in alcohol-induced mice. To assess the cerebral cholinergic system involved in neuronal signaling, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) content were measured. The AEEF groups showed increased ACh levels and decreased AChE activities. In addition, AEEF prevented alcohol-induced neuronal apoptosis via improvement of mitochondrial activity, including reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate content. AEEF inhibited apoptotic signals by regulating phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau). Finally, the bioactive compounds of AEEF were identified as caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), and chikusetsusaponin IVa using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS system.
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Yoshioka Y, Kubota Y, Samukawa Y, Yamashita Y, Ashida H. Glabridin inhibits dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 664:157-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Licorice flavonoid oil enhances muscle mass in KK-A y mice. Life Sci 2018; 205:91-96. [PMID: 29753766 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Muscle mass is regulated by the balance between the synthesis and degradation of muscle proteins. Loss of skeletal muscle mass is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of licorice flavonoid oil on muscle mass in KK-Ay/Ta mice. MAIN METHODS Male genetically type II diabetic KK-Ay/Ta mice received 0, 1, or 1.5 g/kg BW of licorice flavonoid oil by mouth once daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, the femoral and soleus muscles were collected for western blotting for evaluation of the mTOR/p70 S6K, p38/FoxO3a, and Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathways. KEY FINDINGS Ingestion of licorice flavonoid oil significantly enhanced femoral muscle mass without affecting body weight in KK-Ay/Ta mice. Licorice flavonoid oil also decreased expression of MuRF1 and atrogin-1, which are both markers of muscle atrophy. The mechanisms by which licorice flavonoid oil enhances muscle mass include activation of mTOR and p70 S6K, and regulation of phosphorylation of FoxO3a. SIGNIFICANCE Ingestion of licorice flavonoids may help to prevent muscle atrophy.
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Yavuz Kocaman A, Güzelkokar M. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of the methanolic root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 41:368-375. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1435686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Müge Güzelkokar
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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The Flavonoid Glabridin Induces OCT4 to Enhance Osteogenetic Potential in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6921703. [PMID: 29348759 PMCID: PMC5733956 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6921703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for studying intractable diseases. Unfortunately, MSCs can easily undergo cellular senescence during in vitro expansion by losing stemness. The aim of this study was to improve the stemness and differentiation of MSCs by using glabridin, a natural flavonoid. Assessments of cell viability, cell proliferation, β-galactosidase activity, differentiation, and gene expression by reverse transcription PCR were subsequently performed in the absence or presence of glabridin. Glabridin enhanced the self-renewal capacity of MSCs, as indicated by the upregulation of the OCT4 gene. In addition, it resulted in an increase in the osteogenic differentiation potential by inducing the expression of osteogenesis-related genes such as DLX5 and RUNX2. We confirmed that glabridin improved the osteogenesis of MSCs with a significant elevation in the expression of OSTEOCALCIN and OSTEOPONTIN genes. Taken together, these results suggest that glabridin enhances osteogenic differentiation of MSCs with induction of the OCT4 gene; thus, glabridin could be useful for stem cell-based therapies.
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Simultaneous Determination of 8 Compounds in Gancao-Ganjiang-Tang by HPLC-DAD and Analysis of the Relations between Compatibility, Dosage, and Contents of Medicines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4703632. [PMID: 28588638 PMCID: PMC5446862 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4703632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gancao-Ganjiang-Tang (GGT) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription and is a representative prescription for recuperating depleted Yang in Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The TCM theory believes that the efficacy of medicinal herbs is decided by the multicompounds which consist of different kinds of chemical constituents with bioactivities, but not by a monomeric constituent. From ancient times until today, GGT have 5 different kinds of compatibilities that can be verified. In this study, a HPLC-DAD method was established for the simultaneous determination of 8 compounds including 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, and glycyrrhizic acid in the five GGT. The total contents of the 8 compounds in GGT varied from 555.56 to 956.33 μg/mL. The effects showed that the dosage and compatibility of medicinal herbs have influenced the content of chemical compounds of TCM prescription while the content of chemical compounds has acted on clinical efficacy. Quality evaluation and active essence screening of TCM (including single herb and prescription) should be based on the TCM theory and clinical effectiveness. The method was proven to be suitable for quality control of GGT.
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Karkanis A, Martins N, Petropoulos S, Ferreira I. Phytochemical composition, health effects, and crop management of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabraL.): Α medicinal plant. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2016.1261300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Karkanis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - N. Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - S.A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
| | - I.C.F.R. Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant constituents that possess either estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. Although their activities are weak as compared with human endogenous estrogens, the consumption of phytoestrogens may have clinically significant consequences. A number of botanicals, or the compounds contained therein, have been identified as putative estrogenic agents, but consensus in the biomedical community has been hampered by conflicting data from various in vitro and in vivo models of estrogenic activity. Phytoestrogens may serve as chemopreventive agents while at the same time being capable of promoting growth in estrogen receptor positive cancer cell lines. Furthermore, they may exert their estrogenic influence through receptor-dependent and/or receptor-independent mechanisms. These findings have led to speculation that phytoestrogen intake might be ill advised for patients at an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers, cancer patients, or cancer survivors. This article will attempt to sort out discrepancies between various experimental models and establish whether certain herbs possess estrogenic activity. The review will focus on 5 popular botanical dietary supplements: Trifolium pratense (red clover), Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh), Humulus lupulus (hops), Angelica sinensis (dong quai), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). It will address their mechanisms of action, clinical evidence bases, and implications for use in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Piersen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research in the Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 60612, USA.
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Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Diabetic Capacities of Selected Iraqi Medicinal Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20286/ajlsr-040285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liao M, Zhao Y, Huang L, Cheng B, Huang K. Isoliquiritigenin and liquiritin from Glycyrrhiza uralensis inhibit α-synuclein amyloid formation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive isoliquiritigenin and liquiritin inhibit α-synuclein aggregation and extend the life span of theC. elegansmodel of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Liao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yudan Zhao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Lizi Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Biao Cheng
- The Department of Pharmacy
- The Central Hospital of Wuhan
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- Center for Biomedicine Research
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Abstract
Liquorice foliage
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Rebhun JF, Glynn KM, Missler SR. Identification of glabridin as a bioactive compound in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) extract that activates human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Fitoterapia 2015; 106:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Simultaneous Determination of Nine Active Compounds of the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang and Analysis of the Relationship between Therapeutical Effect and Compatibility of Medicines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:521038. [PMID: 25431610 PMCID: PMC4238226 DOI: 10.1155/2014/521038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive HPLC-DAD detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of nine compounds including oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritigenin in the Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang (SGT) and we analyze the relationship between therapeutical effect and compatibility of medicines by using an Agilent extend-C18 column at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C and the detection wavelength was set at 230 nm for oxypaeoniflorin, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and glycyrrhizic acid; 276 nm for liquiritin and liquiritigenin; 360 nm for isoliquiritin and isoliquiritigenin. The total contents of the nine compounds in SGT varied from 4.65 to 20.06 mg/mL. The results of this study showed that the content of chemical compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Prescription is mainly influenced by the dosage and compatibility of medicines and the therapeutical effect of Traditional Chinese Medicinal prescription is mainly influenced by the dosage and compatibility of medicines. The method could be suitable for quality control of SGT with bioactive multicompounds.
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Sawada K, Yamashita Y, Zhang T, Nakagawa K, Ashida H. Glabridin induces glucose uptake via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 393:99-108. [PMID: 24953974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that glabridin, a prenylated isoflavone in licorice, stimulates glucose uptake through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in L6 myotubes. Treatment with glabridin for 4h induced glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner accompanied by the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. Glabridin needed at least 4h to increase glucose uptake, while it significantly decreased glycogen and increased lactic acid within 15 min. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK by Compound C suppressed the glabridin-induced glucose uptake, whereas phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt inhibition by LY294002 and Akt1/2 inhibitor, respectively, did not. Furthermore, glabridin induced AMPK phosphorylation, and siRNA for AMPK completely abolished glabridin-induced glucose uptake. We confirmed that glabridin-rich licorice extract prevent glucose intolerance accompanied by the AMPK-dependent GLUT4 translocation in the plasma membrane of mice skeletal muscle. These results indicate that glabridin may possess a therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and hyperglycemia, by modulating glucose metabolism through AMPK in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sawada
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Nada-ku, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Nada-ku, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Nada-ku, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kaku Nakagawa
- QOL Division, Kaneka Corporation, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8288, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ashida
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Nada-ku, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Wang Y, Wang P, Xu C, Yang Y, Li J, Chen T, Li Z, Cui W, Zhou Q, Sun S, Li H. Macro-fingerprint analysis-through-separation of licorice based on FT-IR and 2DCOS-IR. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dirican E, Turkez H. In vitro studies on protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extracts against cadmium-induced genetic and oxidative damage in human lymphocytes. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:9-16. [PMID: 23325115 PMCID: PMC3886544 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a modern environmental contaminant that is toxic and carcinogenic. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a traditional medicinal herb which grows in the various parts of the World. Recent studies demonstrated that G. glabra has antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and powerful antiinflammatory features. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic safety of extracts from G. glabra and its effects on cadmium (as CdCl2) induced genotoxicity. Therefore we evaluated the capability of G. glabra extract to inhibit the rate of micronucleus (MN), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formations induced by CdCl2. Moreover, to assess the effects of G. glabra on cell viability and oxidative status, we performed 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays. Our results showed that there were significant increases (P < 0.05) in both SCE and MN frequencies of cultures treated with CdCl2 (5 ppm) as compared to controls. However, co-application of G. glabra extract (5, 10 and 20 ppm) and CdCl2 resulted in decreases of MN and SCE rates as compared to the group treated with CdCl2 alone. Again, the results of MTT and TAC assays clearly indicated dose dependent ameliorative effects of G. glabra extracts against CdCl2 toxicity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that G. glabra extracts provided increased resistance of DNA against CdCl2 induced genetic and oxidative damage in human lymphocytes. So, the risk on target tissues of CdCl2 could be reduced and ensured early recovery from its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, 31034, Hatay, Turkey,
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Zhou S, Cao J, Qiu F, Kong W, Yang S, Yang M. Simultaneous determination of five bioactive components in radix glycyrrhizae by pressurised liquid extraction combined with UPLC-PDA and UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS confirmation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:527-33. [PMID: 23427103 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycyrrhizae species are popular ingredients of herbal medicine in most traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, and they mainly contain flavonoids and triterpene saponins. The contents of these bioactive compounds may vary in different batches and affect the therapeutic effects. Thus comprehensive quality control and monitoring of their herbal formulation are of paramount concern. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid, effective pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) method to evaluate the quality of Glycyrrhizae species. METHODS Radix Glycyrrhizae was extracted by PLE using 70% ethanol at 100°C for 15 min during three static extraction cycles. Separation was performed using an UPLC system to quantify five bioactive compounds, namely liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid, in 12 batches of samples of different origins in China. Furthermore, the samples were analysed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS) system to confirm the results. RESULTS The calibration curves of all five analytes showed good linearity (R(2) > 0.9997). Accuracy, precision and repeatability were all within required limits. The mean recoveries measured at the three concentrations were higher than 93.7% with RSDs lower than < 3.33% for the targets. CONCLUSION The established PLE and UPLC-PDA method could serve as a rapid and effective method for quality evaluation of Radix Glycyrrhizae. The UPLC technique can be considered as an attractive alternative to HPLC in routine quality control of Chinese medicine, especially in situations where high sample throughput and fast analytical speed are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhou
- Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 100193, Beijing, China
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Simmler C, Pauli GF, Chen SN. Phytochemistry and biological properties of glabridin. Fitoterapia 2013; 90:160-84. [PMID: 23850540 PMCID: PMC3795865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin, a prenylated isoflavonoid of G. glabra L. roots (European licorice, Fabaceae), has been associated with a wide range of biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, regulation of energy metabolism, estrogenic, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic, and skin-whitening. While glabridin is one of the most studied licorice flavonoids, a comprehensive literature survey linked to its numerous bioactivities is unavailable. The present review provides a comprehensive description of glabridin as a key chemical and biological marker of G. glabra, by covering both its phytochemical characterization and reported biological activities. Both glabridin and standardized licorice extracts have significant impact on food, dietary supplements (DSs) and cosmetic markets, as evidenced by the amount of available patents and scientific articles since 1976, when glabridin was first described. Nevertheless, a thorough literature survey also reveals that information about the isolation and chemical characterization of this important marker is scattered and less detailed than expected. Accordingly, the first part of this review gathers and provides all analytical and spectroscopic data required for the comprehensive phytochemical characterization of glabridin. The four most frequently described and most relevant bioactivities of glabridin are its anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, estrogenic-like effects, and its capacity to regulate energy metabolism. While all bioactivities reported for glabridin belong to a wide array of targets, its principal biological properties are likely interconnected. To this end, the current state of the literature suggests that the biological activity of glabridin mainly results from its capacity to down-regulate intracellular reactive oxygen species, bind to antioxidant effectors, and act on estrogen receptors, potentially as a plant-based Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (phytoSERM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Simmler
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Singh M, Kamal Y, Tamboli E, Parveen R, Ansari S, Ahmad S. Glabridin, a stable flavonoid ofGlycyrrhiza glabra:HPTLC analysis of the traditional formulation. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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KIM HYUNSOOK, SUH KWANGSIK, KO ARA, SUL DONGGEUN, CHOI DALWOONG, LEE SEUNGKWAN, JUNG WOONWON. The flavonoid glabridin attenuates 2-deoxy-D-ribose-induced oxidative damage and cellular dysfunction in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 31:243-51. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Choi EM. Glabridin protects osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells against antimycin A induced cytotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lv J, Liang H, Yuan Q, Xu Y, Wang T. Preparative Purification of the Major Flavonoid Glabridin from Licorice Roots by Solid Phase Extraction and Preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01496391003697358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dey S, Deepak M, Setty M, D'Souza P, Agarwal A, Sangli GK. Bioactive caffeic acid esters from Glycyrrhiza glabra. Nat Prod Res 2010; 23:1657-63. [PMID: 19921583 DOI: 10.1080/14786410802134348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thin layer chromatography bioautography (using DPPH spray reagent) guided fractionation of Glycyrrhiza glabra led to the isolation of two caffeic acid derivative esters, viz. eicosanyl caffeate (1) and docosyl caffeate (2). The two compounds exhibited potent elastase inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 0.99 microg mL(-1) and 1.4 microg mL(-1) for 1 and 2, respectively. The compounds also showed moderate antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The results indicate a possible role of caffeic acid derivatives, in addition to flavonoids in the anti-ulcer properties of G. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Dey
- R&D Centre, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., Bangalore, India
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Xu Y, Yuan Q, Hou X, Lin Y. Preparative Separation of Glabridin fromGlycyrrhiza glabraL. Extracts with Macroporous Resins. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390903182933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Synthesis of glabridin derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:647-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yan H, Tian M, Row KH. Selective Solid-Phase Extraction of Glabridin from Licorice Root using Molecularly Imprinted Polymer. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390802437479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhang Q, Ye M. Chemical analysis of the Chinese herbal medicine Gan-Cao (licorice). J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:1954-69. [PMID: 18703197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gan-Cao, or licorice, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and G. inflata. The main bioactive constituents of licorice are triterpene saponins and various types of flavonoids. The contents of these compounds may vary in different licorice batches and thus affect the therapeutic effects. In order to ensure its efficacy and safety, sensitive and accurate methods for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of saponins and flavonoids are of significance for the comprehensive quality control of licorice. This review describes the progress in chemical analysis of licorice and its preparations since 2000. Newly established methods are summarized, including spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), capillary electrophoresis, high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), electrochemistry, and immunoassay. The sensitivity, selectivity and powerful separation capability of HPLC and CE allows the simultaneous detection of multiple compounds in licorice. LC/MS provides characteristic fragmentations for the rapid structural identification of licorice saponins and flavonoids. The combination of HPLC and LC/MS is currently the most powerful technique for the quality control of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingying Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, No. 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Asl MN, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza sp. and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res 2008; 22:709-24. [PMID: 18446848 PMCID: PMC7167813 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza) species have long been used worldwide as a herbal medicine and natural sweetener. Licorice root is a traditional medicine used mainly for the treatment of peptic ulcer, hepatitis C, and pulmonary and skin diseases, although clinical and experimental studies suggest that it has several other useful pharmacological properties such as antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, anticancer activities, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects. A large number of components have been isolated from licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and chalcones, with glycyrrhizic acid normally being considered to be the main biologically active component. This review summarizes the phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetics data, together with the clinical and adverse effects of licorice and its bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Nassiri Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, IR Iran
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Gupta VK, Fatima A, Faridi U, Negi AS, Shanker K, Kumar JK, Rahuja N, Luqman S, Sisodia BS, Saikia D, Darokar MP, Khanuja SPS. Antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:377-80. [PMID: 18182260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. Antimycobacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra was found at 500 microg/mL concentration. Bioactivity guided phytochemical analysis identified glabridin as potentially active against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Ra and H(37)Rv strains at 29.16 microg/mL concentration. It exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Our results indicate potential use of licorice as antitubercular agent through systemic experiments and sophisticated anti-TB assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Gupta
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
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Shen YC, Lin YS, Hsu SM, Khalil A, Wang SS, Chien CT, Kuo YH, Chou CH. Tasumatrols P – T, Five New Taxoids fromTaxus sumatrana. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aoki F, Nakagawa K, Kitano M, Ikematsu H, Nakamura K, Yokota S, Tominaga Y, Arai N, Mae T. Clinical Safety of Licorice Flavonoid Oil (LFO) and Pharmacokinetics of Glabridin in Healthy Humans. J Am Coll Nutr 2007; 26:209-18. [PMID: 17634165 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Licorice flavonoids have various physiological activities such as abdominal fat-lowering, hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects. Licorice flavonoid oil (LFO: Kaneka Glavonoid Rich Oil) is a new dietary ingredient containing licorice flavonoids dissolved in medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). Glabridin is one of the bioactive flavonoids included specifically in licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and is the most abundant flavonoid in LFO. In this study, we assessed the safety of LFO in healthy humans and determined the plasma concentration profile of glabridin as a marker compound. METHODS A single-dose and two multiple-dose studies at low (300 mg), moderate (600 mg) and high (1200 mg) daily doses of LFO were carried out using a placebo-controlled single-blind design. In each study the safety of LFO and the pharmacokinetics of glabridin were assessed. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic analysis in the single-dose study with healthy male subjects (n = 5) showed that glabridin was absorbed and reached the maximum concentration (Cmax) after approximately 4 h (Tmax), and then eliminated relatively slowly in a single phase with a T1/2 of approximately 10 h at all doses. The Cmax and AUC(0-24 h) increased almost linearly with dose. The multiple-dose studies with healthy male and female subjects for 1 week and 4 weeks suggested that plasma glabridin reached steady state levels within 2 weeks with a single daily administration of 300 to 1200 mg/day LFO. In these human studies at three dose levels, there were no clinically noteworthy changes in hematological or related biochemical parameters. All clinical events observed were mild and considered to be unrelated to LFO administration even after repeated administration for 4 weeks. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrated that LFO is safe when administered once daily up to 1200 mg/day. This is the first report on the safety of licorice flavonoids in an oil preparation and the first report on the pharmacokinetics of glabridin in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiki Aoki
- Functional Food Ingredients Division, Kaneka Corporation, 1-8 Miyamae-machi, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan.
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Rhyu DY, Kang KS, Sekiya M, Yokozawa T. Antioxidant effect of Wen-Pi-Tang and its component crude drugs on oxidative stress. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2007; 35:127-37. [PMID: 17265557 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x07004680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiologic process of acute and chronic renal diseases. Intracellular component such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are easily and rapidly oxidized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and such reactions lead to increased levels of lipid peroxide. The present study examined the antioxidant effects of Wen-Pi-Tang and its component crude drugs on 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)- or 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN)-induced ROS generation and lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. As a result, Wen-Pi-Tang significantly decreased AAPH or AMVN-induced ROS in renal mitochondrial particles. For the components in Wen-Pi-Tang's prescription, Rhei Rhizoma and Glycyrrhizae Radix extracts strongly inhibited peroxide levels, but Ginseng Radix, Aconiti Tuber and Zingiberis Rhizoma extracts were comparably low. Rhei Rhizoma extract showed the strongest inhibitory activity on oxidative injury, and two of its tannin compounds, (-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate and procyanidin B-2 3,3'-di-O-gallate, inhibited AAPH or AMVN-induced ROS significantly. Thus, the present data suggest that Wen-Pi-Tang and its component crude drugs effectively prevent biological toxicity on oxidative stress through potent antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Rhyu
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Mokpo National University, 61 Dorim-Ri, Chonggye-Myon, Muan-Gun, Jeonnam, Korea
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Shanker K, Fatima A, Negi AS, Gupta VK, Darokar MP, Gupta MM, Khanuja SPS. RP-HPLC Method for the Quantitation of Glabridin in Yashti-madhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Aoki F, Honda S, Kishida H, Kitano M, Arai N, Tanaka H, Yokota S, Nakagawa K, Asakura T, Nakai Y, Mae T. Suppression by licorice flavonoids of abdominal fat accumulation and body weight gain in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:206-14. [PMID: 17213668 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We applied licorice flavonoid oil (LFO) to high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice and investigated its effect. LFO contains hydrophobic flavonoids obtained from licorice by extraction with ethanol. The oil is a mixture of medium-chain triglycerides, having glabridin, a major flavonoid of licorice, concentrated to 1.2% (w/w). Obese mice were fed on a high-fat diet containing LFO at 0 (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% for 8 weeks. Compared with mice in the control group, those in the 1% and 2% LFO groups efficiently reduced the weight of abdominal white adipose tissues and body weight gain. A histological examination revealed that the adipocytes became smaller and the fatty degenerative state of the hepatocytes was improved in the 2% LFO group. A DNA microarray analysis of the liver showed up-regulation of those genes for beta-oxidation and down-regulation of those for fatty acid synthesis in the 2% LFO group. These findings suggest that LFO prevented and ameliorated diet-induced obesity via the regulation of lipid metabolism-related gene expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiki Aoki
- Functional Food Ingredients Division, Kaneka Corporation, Japan
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ITO C, OI N, HASHIMOTO T, NAKABAYASHI H, AOKI F, TOMINAGA Y, YOKOTA S, HOSOE K, KANAZAWA K. Absorption of Dietary Licorice Isoflavan Glabridin to Blood Circulation in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2007; 53:358-65. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.53.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Tominaga Y, Mae T, Kitano M, Sakamoto Y, Ikematsu H, Nakagawa K. Licorice Flavonoid Oil Effects Body Weight Loss by Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Overweight Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tominaga
- Functional Food Ingredients Division, Kaneka Corporation
| | - Tatsumasa Mae
- Functional Food Ingredients Division, Kaneka Corporation
| | - Mitsuaki Kitano
- Life Science Research Laboratories, Life Science RD Center, Kaneka Corporation
| | | | | | - Kaku Nakagawa
- Functional Food Ingredients Division, Kaneka Corporation
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