1
|
Fuchs S, Caserto JS, Liu Q, Wang K, Shariati K, Hartquist CM, Zhao X, Ma M. A Glucose-Responsive Cannula for Automated and Electronics-Free Insulin Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403594. [PMID: 38639424 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Automated delivery of insulin based on continuous glucose monitoring is revolutionizing the way insulin-dependent diabetes is treated. However, challenges remain for the widespread adoption of these systems, including the requirement of a separate glucose sensor, sophisticated electronics and algorithms, and the need for significant user input to operate these costly therapies. Herein, a user-centric glucose-responsive cannula is reported for electronics-free insulin delivery. The cannula-made from a tough, elastomer-hydrogel hybrid membrane formed through a one-pot solvent exchange method-changes permeability to release insulin rapidly upon physiologically relevant varying glucose levels, providing simple and automated insulin delivery with no additional hardware or software. Two prototypes of the cannula are evaluated in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. The first cannula-an ends-sealed, subcutaneously inserted prototype-normalizes blood glucose levels for 3 d and controls postprandial glucose levels. The second, more translational version-a cannula with the distal end sealed and the proximal end connected to a transcutaneous injection port-likewise demonstrates tight, 3-d regulation of blood glucose levels when refilled twice daily. This proof-of-concept study may aid in the development of "smart" cannulas and next-generation insulin therapies at a reduced burden-of-care toll and cost to end-users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fuchs
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Julia S Caserto
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kecheng Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chase M Hartquist
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spoorthi Shetty S, Halagali P, Johnson AP, Spandana KMA, Gangadharappa HV. Oral insulin delivery: Barriers, strategies, and formulation approaches: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125114. [PMID: 37263330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by a hyperglycemic condition which can either be caused by the destruction of the beta cells or by the resistance developed against insulin in the cells. Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus needs the use of Insulin for efficient management. However invasive methods of administration may lead to reduced adherence by the patients. Hence there is a need for a non-invasive method of administration. Oral Insulin has several merits over the conventional method including patient compliance, and reduced cost, and it also mimics endogenous insulin and hence reaches the liver by the portal vein at a higher concentration and thereby showing improved efficiency. However oral Insulin must pass through several barriers in the gastrointestinal tract. Some strategies that could be utilized to bypass these barriers include the use of permeation enhancers, absorption enhancers, use of suitable polymers, use of suitable carriers, and other agents. Several formulation types have been explored for the oral delivery of Insulin like hydrogels, capsules, tablets, and patches which have been described briefly by the article. A lot of attempts have been made for developing oral insulin delivery however none of them have been commercialized due to numerous shortcomings. Currently, there are several formulations from the companies that are still in the clinical phase, the success or failure of some is yet to be seen in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Spoorthi Shetty
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Halagali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha P Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - K M Asha Spandana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed T, Liu FCF, Lu B, Lip H, Park E, Alradwan I, Liu JF, He C, Zetrini A, Zhang T, Ghavaminejad A, Rauth AM, Henderson JT, Wu XY. Advances in Nanomedicine Design: Multidisciplinary Strategies for Unmet Medical Needs. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1722-1765. [PMID: 35587783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, a rising burden of complex diseases takes a heavy toll on human lives and poses substantial clinical and economic challenges. This review covers nanomedicine and nanotechnology-enabled advanced drug delivery systems (DDS) designed to address various unmet medical needs. Key nanomedicine and DDSs, currently employed in the clinic to tackle some of these diseases, are discussed focusing on their versatility in diagnostics, anticancer therapy, and diabetes management. First-hand experiences from our own laboratory and the work of others are presented to provide insights into strategies to design and optimize nanomedicine- and nanotechnology-enabled DDS for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Computational analysis is also briefly reviewed as a technology for rational design of controlled release DDS. Further explorations of DDS have illuminated the interplay of physiological barriers and their impact on DDS. It is demonstrated how such delivery systems can overcome these barriers for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and how new perspectives of next-generation DDS can be applied clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taksim Ahmed
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Fuh-Ching Franky Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - HoYin Lip
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Elliya Park
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Alradwan
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jackie Fule Liu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Chunsheng He
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Abdulmottaleb Zetrini
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Tian Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Amin Ghavaminejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Andrew M Rauth
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Henderson
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A new Glucose-Responsive delivery system based on Sulfonamide-phenylboronic acid for subcutaneous insulin injection. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
5
|
GhavamiNejad A, Li J, Lu B, Zhou L, Lam L, Giacca A, Wu XY. Glucose-Responsive Composite Microneedle Patch for Hypoglycemia-Triggered Delivery of Native Glucagon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901051. [PMID: 31165524 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-dependent patients with diabetes mellitus require multiple daily injections of exogenous insulin to combat hyperglycemia. However, administration of excess insulin can lead to hypoglycemia, a life-threatening condition characterized by abnormally low blood glucose levels (BGLs). To prevent hypoglycemia associated with intensive insulin therapy, a "smart" composite microneedle (cMN) patch is developed, which releases native glucagon at low glucose levels. The cMN patch is composed of a photo-crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) microneedle array with embedded multifunctional microgels. The microgels incorporate zwitterionic moieties that stabilize loaded glucagon and phenylboronic acid moieties that provide glucose-dependent volume change to facilitate glucagon release. Hypoglycemia-triggered release of structurally unchanged glucagon from the cMN patch is demonstrated in vitro and in a rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Transdermal application of the patch prevented insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the diabetic rats. This work is the first demonstration of a glucose-responsive glucagon-delivery MN patch for the prevention of hypoglycemia, which has a tremendous potential to reduce the dangers of intensive insulin therapy and improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes and their caregivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin GhavamiNejad
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jason Li
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Brian Lu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Loretta Lam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie L. Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bayrami S, Esmaili Z, SeyedAlinaghi S, Jamali Moghadam SR, Bayrami S, Akbari Javar H, Rafiee Tehrani M, Dorkoosh FA. Fabrication of long-acting insulin formulation based on poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles: preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:176-188. [PMID: 29557733 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1452936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samane Bayrami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepide Bayrami
- Faculty of Bioscience, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Rafiee Tehrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abedin Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Analytical Expressions Pertaining to the Steady State Concentrations of Glucose, Oxygen and Gluconic Acid in a Composite Membrane Using Genocchi Polynomials. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-3003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Mehala N, Rajendran L, Meena V. Part-2: Analytical Expressions of Concentrations of Glucose, Oxygen, and Gluconic Acid in a Composite Membrane for Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery for the Non-steady State Conditions. J Membr Biol 2016; 250:89-101. [PMID: 27904934 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model developed by Abdekhodaie and Wu (J Membr Sci 335:21-31, 2009), which describes a dynamic process involving an enzymatic reaction and diffusion of reactants and product inside glucose-sensitive composite membrane has been discussed. This theoretical model depicts a system of non-linear non-steady state reaction diffusion equations. These equations have been solved using new approach of homotopy perturbation method and analytical solutions pertaining to the concentrations of glucose, oxygen, and gluconic acid are derived. These analytical results are compared with the numerical results, and limiting case results for steady state conditions and a good agreement is observed. The influence of various kinetic parameters involved in the model has been presented graphically. Theoretical evaluation of the kinetic parameters like the maximal reaction velocity (V max) and Michaelis-Menten constants for glucose and oxygen (K g and K ox) is also reported. This predicted model is very much useful for designing the glucose-responsive composite membranes for closed-loop insulin delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Mehala
- Department of Mathematics, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, 626 001, India
| | - L Rajendran
- Department of Mathematics, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, 626 001, India. .,Department of Mathematics, Sethu Institute Technology, Kariapatti, Pulloor, Tamilnadu, 626 115, India.
| | - V Meena
- Department of Mathematics, Mangayarkarasi College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamilnadu, 625 402, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wong CY, Martinez J, Dass CR. Oral delivery of insulin for treatment of diabetes: status quo, challenges and opportunities. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:1093-108. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Diabetes mellitus is characterised by progressive β-cell destruction and loss of function, or loss of ability of tissues to respond to insulin. Daily subcutaneous insulin injection is standard management for people with diabetes, although patient compliance is hard to achieve due to the inconvenience of injections, so other forms of delivery are being tested, including oral administration. This review summarises the developments in oral insulin administration.
Methods
The PubMed database was consulted to compile this review comparing conventional subcutaneous injection of insulin to the desired oral delivery.
Key findings
Oral administration of insulin has potential benefits in reducing pain and chances of skin infection, improving the portal levels of insulin and avoiding side effects such as hyperinsulinemia, weight gain and hypoglycaemia. Although oral delivery of insulin is an ideal administration route for patients with diabetes, several physiological barriers have to be overcome. An expected low oral bioavailability can be attributed to its high molecular weight, susceptibility to enzymatic proteolysis and low diffusion rate across the mucin barrier.
Conclusions
Strategies for increasing the bioavailability of oral insulin include the use of enzyme inhibitors, absorption enhancers, mucoadhesive polymers and chemical modification for endogenous receptor-mediated absorption. These may help significantly increase patient compliance and disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Y Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Jorge Martinez
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farahani BV, Ghasemzadeh H, Afraz S. Thermodynamic Studies of Insulin Loading into a Glucose Responsive Hydrogel Based on Chitosan-polyacrylamide-polyethylene Glycol. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
11
|
Farahani BV, Ghasemzaheh H, Afraz S. Intelligent semi-IPN chitosan–PEG–PAAm hydrogel for closed-loop insulin delivery and kinetic modeling. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra28188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of an intelligent semi-IPN chitosan–PEG–PAAm hydrogel using glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) to improve closed-loop insulin delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Ghasemzaheh
- Imam Khomeini International University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Qazvin 34149
- I. R. Iran
| | - Shiravan Afraz
- Imam Khomeini International University
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Qazvin 34149
- I. R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chu MKL, Gordijo CR, Li J, Abbasi AZ, Giacca A, Plettenburg O, Wu XY. In vivo performance and biocompatibility of a subcutaneous implant for real-time glucose-responsive insulin delivery. Diabetes Technol Ther 2015; 17:255-67. [PMID: 25671341 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2014.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An implantable, glucose-responsive insulin delivery microdevice was reported previously by our group, providing rapid insulin release in response to hyperglycemic events and efficacy in vivo over a 1-week period when implanted intraperitoneally in rats with diabetes. Herein, we focused on the improvement of the microdevice prototype for long-term glycemic control by subcutaneous (SC) implantation, which allows for easy retrieval and replacement as needed. To surmount the strong immune response to the SC implant system, the microdevice was treated by surface modification with high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG). In vitro glucose-responsive insulin release, in vivo efficacy, and biocompatibility of the microdevice were studied. Modification with 20-kDa PEG chains greatly reduced the immune response without a significant change in glucose-responsive insulin release in vitro. The fibrous capsule thickness was reduced from approximately 1,000 μm for the untreated devices to 30-300 μm for 2-kDa PEG-treated and to 30-50 μm for 20-kDa PEG-treated devices after 30 days of implantation. The integrity of the glucose-responsive bioinorganic membrane and the resistance to acute and chronic immune response were improved with the long-chain 20-kDa PEG brush layer. The 20-kDa PEG-treated microdevice provided long-term maintenance of euglycemia in a rat model of diabetes for up to 18 days. Moreover, a consistent rapid response to short-term glucose challenge was demonstrated in multiple-day tests for the first time on rats with diabetes in which the devices were implanted. The improvement of the microdevice is a promising step toward a long-acting insulin implant system for a true, closed-loop treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K L Chu
- 1 Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Kurdi ZI, Chowdhry BZ, Leharne SA, Al Omari MMH, Badwan AA. Low molecular weight chitosan-insulin polyelectrolyte complex: characterization and stability studies. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1765-84. [PMID: 25830681 PMCID: PMC4413186 DOI: 10.3390/md13041765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the work reported herein was to investigate the effect of various low molecular weight chitosans (LMWCs) on the stability of insulin using USP HPLC methods. Insulin was found to be stable in a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) consisting of insulin and LMWC in the presence of a Tris-buffer at pH 6.5. In the presence of LMWC, the stability of insulin increased with decreasing molecular weight of LMWC; 13 kDa LMWC was the most efficient molecular weight for enhancing the physical and chemical stability of insulin. Solubilization of insulin-LMWC polyelectrolyte complex (I-LMWC PEC) in a reverse micelle (RM) system, administered to diabetic rats, results in an oral delivery system for insulin with acceptable bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh I Al-Kurdi
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Suwagh Subsidiary for Drug Delivery Systems, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan.
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK.
| | - Babur Z Chowdhry
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK.
| | - Stephen A Leharne
- Faculty of Engineering & Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME44TB, UK.
| | - Mahmoud M H Al Omari
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Suwagh Subsidiary for Drug Delivery Systems, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan.
| | - Adnan A Badwan
- The Jordanian Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company (PLC), Suwagh Subsidiary for Drug Delivery Systems, P.O. Box 94, Naor 11710, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rajendran L, Bieniasz LK. Analytical expressions for the steady-state concentrations of glucose, oxygen and gluconic acid in a composite membrane for closed-loop insulin delivery. J Membr Biol 2012; 246:121-9. [PMID: 23117226 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The mathematical model of Abdekhodaie and Wu (J Membr Sci 335:21-31, 2009) of glucose-responsive composite membranes for closed-loop insulin delivery is discussed. The glucose composite membrane contains nanoparticles of an anionic polymer, glucose oxidase and catalase embedded in a hydrophobic polymer. The model involves the system of nonlinear steady-state reaction-diffusion equations. Analytical expressions for the concentration of glucose, oxygen and gluconic acid are derived from these equations using the Adomian decomposition method. A comparison of the analytical approximation and numerical simulation is also presented. An agreement between analytical expressions and numerical results is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rajendran
- Department of Mathematics, The Madura College, Madurai 625011, Tamilnadu, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chu MKL, Chen J, Gordijo CR, Chiang S, Ivovic A, Koulajian K, Giacca A, Wu XY, Sun Y. In vitro and in vivo testing of glucose-responsive insulin-delivery microdevices in diabetic rats. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2533-2539. [PMID: 22565220 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have developed glucose-responsive implantable microdevices for closed-loop delivery of insulin and conducted in vivo testing of these devices in diabetic rats. The microdevices consist of an albumin-based bioinorganic membrane that utilizes glucose oxidase (GOx), catalase (CAT) and manganese dioxide (MnO(2)) nanoparticles to convert a change in the environmental glucose level to a pH stimulus, which regulates the volume of pH-sensitive hydrogel nanoparticles and thereby the permeability of the membrane. The membrane is integrated with microfabricated PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) structures to form compact, stand-alone microdevices, which do not require tethering wires or tubes. During in vitro testing, the microdevices showed glucose-responsive insulin release over multiple cycles at clinically relevant glucose concentrations. In vivo, the microdevices were able to counter hyperglycemia in diabetic rats over a one-week period. The in vitro and in vivo testing results demonstrated the efficacy of closed-loop biosensing and rapid response of the 'smart' insulin delivery devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael K L Chu
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pentoxifylline alleviates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and early atherosclerosis in rats by inhibiting AGE and RAGE expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1367-75. [PMID: 20835270 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE in the livers and blood vessels of rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on liver and artery function in rats with NASH. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and given PTX by gavage for 4 weeks. The effects of PTX on hepatic liver and vessel function as well as the expression of AGE and RAGE in rats with NASH were assessed. The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the aorta and carotid artery was evaluated using ultrasonography. RESULTS Serum aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and blood levels of glucose (GLU) were reduced in the PTX group relative to the NASH group. The IMT of the aorta and carotid artery was increased in the NASH group compared with the control group. The IMT was reduced in NASH rats after treatment with PTX. Rats with NASH demonstrated higher AGE and RAGE protein levels in the liver and arteries compared with those of control rats. PTX treatment in NASH rats resulted in a decrease in AGE and RAGE protein levels in the liver and arteries compared with those in the NASH group. CONCLUSION Early atherosclerosis was observed in rats with NASH induced by a 16-week high-fat diet. High expression of AGE and RAGE in the livers and arteries of rats with NASH may contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH and early atherosclerosis. PTX showed protective effects on hepatic and arterial function, partially through inhibition of AGE and RAGE expression.
Collapse
|
17
|
Abdekhodaie M, Wu X. Modeling of a glucose sensitive composite membrane for closed-loop insulin delivery. J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
18
|
Huang HY, Shaw J, Yip C, Wu XY. Microdomain pH Gradient and Kinetics Inside Composite Polymeric Membranes of pH and Glucose Sensitivity. Pharm Res 2007; 25:1150-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Abstract
The esophagus as a site for drug delivery has been much overlooked in comparison to the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract. The low permeability and transient nature of the esophagus means that it is unsuitable for delivery of drugs for systemic action. However, esophageal disorders including fungal infection, cancers, motility dysfunction, and damage due to gastric reflux may be treated using locally acting agents that offer benefits of reduced dosage and decreased side effects. Bioadhesive dosage forms that adhere to the esophageal mucosa and prolong contact have been investigated to improve the efficacy of locally acting agents. The rationale for local esophageal drug delivery and its limitations, the factors that determine adhesion to this organ, and the experimental models used in esophageal drug delivery research are reviewed.
Collapse
|