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Chen Y, Okereke OI, Kim ES, Tiemeier H, Kubzansky LD, VanderWeele TJ. Gratitude and Mortality Among Older US Female Nurses. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2820770. [PMID: 38959002 PMCID: PMC11223047 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Importance Supporting healthy aging is a US public health priority, and gratitude is a potentially modifiable psychological factor that may enhance health and well-being in older adults. However, the association between gratitude and mortality has not been studied. Objective To examine the association of gratitude with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in later life. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based prospective cohort study used data from self-reported questionnaires and medical records of 49 275 US older female registered nurses who participated in the Nurses' Health Study (2016 questionnaire wave to December 2019). Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of deaths by self-reported levels of gratitude at baseline. These models adjusted for baseline sociodemographic characteristics, social participation, physical health, lifestyle factors, cognitive function, and mental health. Data analysis was conducted from December 2022 to April 2024. Exposure Gratitude was assessed with the 6-item Gratitude Questionnaire, a validated and widely used measure of one's tendency to experience grateful affect. Main Outcomes and Measures Deaths were identified from the National Death Index, state statistics records, reports by next of kin, and the postal system. Causes of death were ascertained by physicians through reviewing death certificates and medical records. Results Among the 49 275 participants (all female; mean [SD] age at baseline, 79 [6.16] years), 4608 incident deaths were identified over 151 496 person-years of follow-up. Greater gratitude at baseline was associated with a lower hazard of mortality in a monotonic fashion. For instance, the highest tertile of gratitude, compared with the lowest tertile, was associated with a lower hazard of all-cause deaths (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.99) after adjusting for baseline sociodemographic characteristics, social participation, religious involvement, physical health, lifestyle factors, cognitive function, and mental health. When considering cause-specific deaths, death from cardiovascular disease was inversely associated with gratitude (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.995). Conclusions and Relevance This study provides the first empirical evidence suggesting that experiencing grateful affect is associated with increased longevity among older adults. The findings will need to be replicated in future studies with more representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia I. Okereke
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric S. Kim
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tyler J. VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Harvard Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Huang L, Zhao C, Gao M, Tao Y, Chen X, Chen H, Li F, Zheng Y, Lu M, Ma Y, Rong S, Yuan C. Associations of vegetable and fruit intake with cognitive function and its decline: Two longitudinal studies. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100223. [PMID: 38598978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies suggested protective associations of vegetables and fruits (VF) intake with cognitive function, but evidence on specific types of VF was insufficient. METHODS The current study included 4066 participants from 1997 to 2006 in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and 6170 participants from 2013 to 2020 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Dietary intake (using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls in CHNS and food frequency questionnaire in HRS) and cognitive function (using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified, TICS-m) were measured. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the beta coefficients (β) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the association of VF with cognitive function (z-score) and its decline. RESULTS Highest intake of total VF was associated with better cognitive function and slower cognitive decline. Differences in cognitive function z-score between the highest and lowest tertiles of VF consumption were 0.039 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.076) for CHNS and 0.063 (95% CI: 0.026, 0.100) for HRS. The corresponding differences in annual cognitive decline were 0.011 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.021) and 0.012 (95% CI: 0.003, 0.020) units respectively. Vegetables and fruits showed independent associations with cognitive function and its decline. In specific VF subgroups, when comparing the highest to the lowest tertile intake, cruciferous vegetables (β = 0.058, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.100 in CHNS and β = 0.067, 95% CI: 0.032, 0.101 in HRS) and green leafy vegetables (β = 0.036, 95% CI: -0.001, 0.073 in CHNS and β = 0.082, 95% CI: 0.046, 0.117 in HRS) was associated with better cognitive function in both cohorts. Similarly, higher intake of dark-colored vegetables (β = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.030 for red/yellow vegetables in CHNS and β = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.007 for green leafy vegetables in HRS) were associated with slower cognitive decline in subsequent years. Moreover, rigorous sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the potential beneficial roles of VF, especially cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, and red/yellow vegetables, in maintaining cognitive function and slowing cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Caifeng Zhao
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Mengyan Gao
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Yang Tao
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Fengping Li
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Mengxi Lu
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shuang Rong
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 30058, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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Song Y, Wu F, Sharma S, Clendenen TV, India‐Aldana S, Afanasyeva Y, Gu Y, Koenig KL, Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte A, Chen Y. Mid-life adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and late-life subjective cognitive complaints in women. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1076-1088. [PMID: 37861080 PMCID: PMC10917042 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence is limited on the role of mid-life Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in late-life subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs). METHODS We included 5116 women (mean age in 1985-1991: 46 years) from the New York University Women's Health Study. SCCs were assessed from 2018 to 2020 (mean age: 79 years) by a 6-item questionnaire. RESULTS Compared to women in the bottom quartile of the DASH scores, the odds ratio (OR) for having two or more SCCs was 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.70-0.99) for women in the top quartile of DASH scores at baseline (P for trend = 0.019). The association was similar with multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting to account for potential selection bias. The inverse association was stronger in women without a history of cancer (P for interaction = 0.003). DISCUSSION Greater adherence to the DASH diet in mid-life was associated with lower prevalence of late-life SCCs in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Song
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyNYU School of Global Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Fen Wu
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sneha Sharma
- NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Tess V. Clendenen
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Sandra India‐Aldana
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yelena Afanasyeva
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of NeurologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Karen L. Koenig
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anne Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yu Chen
- Division of EpidemiologyDepartment of Population HealthNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Environmental MedicineNYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Huang L, Chen H, Gao M, Shen J, Tao Y, Huang Y, Lv R, Xie R, Lv X, Xu X, Xu X, Yuan C. Dietary factors in relation to the risk of cognitive impairment and physical frailty in Chinese older adults: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:267-277. [PMID: 37930363 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the independent associations of dietary factors with cognitive impairment (CI) and physical frailty (PF) among Chinese older adults. METHODS This study included 10,734 participants (mean age = 78.7 years) free of CI and PF at baseline from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey. Dietary intake was collected using a simplified food frequency questionnaire every 3-4 years. The Chinese version Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognition function, participants with a score below 18 were defined as CI. PF was defined using the activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, and functional limitation-related questions. The outcome was defined as the first onset of either CI or PF. Competing risk models were used to estimate the corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS During the study follow-up (mean = 8.1 years), a total of 1220 CI cases and 1451 PF cases were newly identified. Higher frequency of fruits intake was associated with a lower hazard of CI (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.58-0.97), whereas higher intake of preserved vegetables demonstrated an opposite association (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.42). In terms of PF, we observed a lower risk associated with higher meat and poultry intake (HR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.88). In particular, a significant protective association of fish and aquatic products intake with PF was observed among participants with ≥ 28 natural teeth (HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest divergent roles of major dietary factors in the development of CI and PF among Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyan Gao
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Shen
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Tao
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhui Huang
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongxia Lv
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renxiang Xie
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- School of Public Health, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Haskell-Ramsay CF, Docherty S. Role of fruit and vegetables in sustaining healthy cognitive function: evidence and issues. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:305-314. [PMID: 37092750 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Modifiable lifestyle factors, such as improved nutrition, are crucial in maintaining cognitive health in older age. Fruit and vegetables represent healthy and sustainable sources of nutrients with the potential to prevent age-related cognitive decline. The aim of this review is to synthesise the available evidence, from epidemiological and randomised controlled trials (RCT), regarding the role of fruit and vegetables in sustaining healthy cognitive function. Epidemiological studies of combined fruit and vegetable intake suggest that increased consumption may sustain cognition in later life. The evidence appears to be stronger for an association between vegetables and cognition, particularly for green leafy and cruciferous vegetables. Specific benefits shown for berries, citrus fruits, avocado and nuts suggest fruit is worthy of further investigation in relation to cognition. Data from RCT indicate benefits to differing aspects of cognition following citrus and berry fruits, cocoa and peanuts, but the data are limited and there are a lack of studies exploring effects of vegetables. There is growing evidence for an association between fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive function, but this is not always consistent and the data from RCT are limited. Issues in previous research are highlighted, such as strict exclusion criteria, absence of baseline nutritional status data and lack of consideration of individual differences, which may explain the weaker findings from RCT. Inclusion of those most at risk for cognitive decline is recommended in future nutrition and cognition research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Docherty
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Flores-Torres MH, Bjornevik K, Hung AY, Healy BC, Schwarzschild MA, Blacker D, Ascherio A. Subjective Cognitive Decline in Women with Features Suggestive of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1473-1482. [PMID: 37315105 PMCID: PMC10524634 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits can be present in the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may contribute to identifying individuals with prodromal PD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine whether SCD is more likely to be present in women with features suggestive of prodromal PD compared with women without these features. METHODS The study population comprised 12,427 women from the Nurses' Health Study selected to investigate prodromal PD. Prodromal and risk markers of PD were assessed via self-administered questionnaires. We evaluated the association of hyposmia, constipation, and probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, three major features of prodromal PD, with SCD, adjusting for age, education, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, caffeine intake, and depression. We also explored whether SCD was associated with the probability of prodromal PD and conducted additional analyses using data from neurocognitive tests. RESULTS Women experiencing the three examined nonmotor features had the worst mean SCD score and the highest odds of poor subjective cognition (odds ratio [OR] = 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.47). This association persisted when women with objective cognitive deficits were excluded from analyses. SCD was also more common in women with a probability of prodromal PD ≥0.80, particularly among those aged younger than 75 years (OR of poor subjective cognition = 6.57 [95% CI, 2.43-17.77]). These observations were consistent with the results from analyses using neurocognitive tests, where a worse global cognitive performance was observed among women with three features. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that self-perceived cognitive decline can be present during the prodromal phase of PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario H. Flores-Torres
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Y. Hung
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Schwarzschild
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Hartnett KB, Ferguson BJ, Hecht PM, Schuster LE, Shenker JI, Mehr DR, Fritsche KL, Belury MA, Scharre DW, Horwitz AJ, Kille BM, Sutton BE, Tatum PE, Greenlief CM, Beversdorf DQ. Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1096. [PMID: 37509132 PMCID: PMC10377362 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of individual potentially modifiable factors are associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, less is known about the interactions between the individual factors. METHODS In order to begin to examine the relationship between a pair of factors, we performed a pilot study, surveying patients with AD and controls for stress exposure and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake to explore their relationship for risk of AD. RESULTS For individuals with the greatest stress exposure, omega-3 fatty acid intake was significantly greater in healthy controls than in AD patients. There was no difference among those with low stress exposure. CONCLUSIONS These initial results begin to suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may mitigate AD risk in the setting of greater stress exposure. This will need to be examined with larger populations and other pairs of risk factors to better understand these important relationships. Examining how individual risk factors interact will ultimately be important for learning how to optimally decrease the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Hartnett
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Bradley J Ferguson
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Patrick M Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Luke E Schuster
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Joel I Shenker
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - David R Mehr
- Family & Community Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Douglas W Scharre
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | - Briann E Sutton
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS 39401, USA
| | - Paul E Tatum
- Division of Palliative Medicine; Washington University. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - David Q Beversdorf
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Maitra U, Conger J, Owens MMM, Ciesla L. Predicting structural features of selected flavonoids responsible for neuroprotection in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:1-12. [PMID: 36822376 PMCID: PMC11080622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Nature-derived bioactive compounds have emerged as promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diverse chronic illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective effects remain unclear. Most studies focus solely on the antioxidant activities of natural products which translate to poor outcome in clinical trials. Current therapies against neurodegeneration only provide symptomatic relief, thereby underscoring the need for novel strategies to combat disease onset and progression. We have employed an environmental toxin-induced Drosophila Parkinson's disease (PD) model as an inexpensive in vivo screening platform to explore the neuroprotective potential of selected dietary flavonoids. We have identified a specific group of flavonoids known as flavones displaying protection against paraquat (PQ)-induced neurodegenerative phenotypes involving reduced survival, mobility defects, and enhanced oxidative stress. Interestingly, the other groups of investigated flavonoids, namely, the flavonones and flavonols failed to provide protection indicating a requirement of specific structural features that confer protection against PQ-mediated neurotoxicity in Drosophila. Based on our screen, the neuroprotective flavones lack a functional group substitution at the C3 and contain α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group. Furthermore, flavones-mediated neuroprotection is not solely dependent on antioxidant properties through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) but also requires regulation of the immune deficiency (IMD) pathway involving NFκB and the negative regulator poor Imd response upon knock-in (Pirk). Our data have identified specific structural features of selected flavonoids that provide neuroprotection against environmental toxin-induced PD pathogenesis that can be explored for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA.
| | - John Conger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA; College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary Magdalene Maggie Owens
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lukasz Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, 2320 Science and Engineering Complex, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA.
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Beversdorf DQ, Crosby HW, Shenker JI. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches in Alzheimer Disease and Other Neurocognitive Disorders. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2023; 120:70-78. [PMID: 36860601 PMCID: PMC9970340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As our population ages, there is interest in delaying or intervening in cognitive decline. While newer agents are under development, agents in mainstream use do not impact the course of diseases that cause cognitive decline. This increases interest in alternative strategies. Even as we welcome possible new disease-modifying agents, they are likely to remain costly. Herein, we review the evidence behind other complementary and alternative strategies for cognitive enhancement and prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Q Beversdorf
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology, and Psychological Sciences, and is the William and Nancy Thompson Endowed Chair in Radiology, , University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Haley W Crosby
- Fourth-year medical student at the School of Medicine, , University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joel I Shenker
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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10
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Association of 100% Fruit Juice Consumption with Cognitive Measures, Anxiety, and Depression in US Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224827. [PMID: 36432514 PMCID: PMC9696008 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline, anxiety, and depression are significant contributors to human ill health and decreased quality of life. Intake of fruits including 100% juice is associated with beneficial effects on several health outcomes. The current study explored the potential associations between consumption of 100% fruit juice and neurocognitive markers in adults. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994, 1999-2018 for adults 20+ years (N = 62,606) were used to assess 100% fruit juice intake, and NHANES questionnaire data were used for the assessment of neurocognition. Association of usual intake of 100% fruit juice with neurocognitive outcomes were assessed by regression analysis after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and health-related covariates. About 21% of adults were fruit juice consumers and the intake was a little over 2 oz per day. Consumers of 100% fruit juice had 16.3% fewer days per month of feeling anxious compared to non-consumers. There were no significant associations of 100% fruit juice usual intake with other neurocognitive measures. A large number of potential confounding variables have been identified to be associated with one or more neurocognitive measures suggesting that these may be important parameters to include in future studies.
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Wang RS, Wang BL, Huang YN, Wan TTH. The combined effect of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on decreasing cognitive decline in older Taiwanese adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9825. [PMID: 35701477 PMCID: PMC9198009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors associated with cognitive decline among older adults include physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. However, the long-term effects of concomitant physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake are unknown. This 16-year longitudinal study explored the joint effect of mitigating cognitive decline in a cohort of older Taiwanese individuals. Five population-based surveys (Taiwan Longitudinal Survey on Aging [1999–2015]) involving 4440 respondents over 53 years old in 1999 were conducted. Cognitive function was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). The demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, behavioral, and disease status covariates were adjusted in the regression analysis. Trends in cognitive decline were observed over 16 years. The risk of cognitive decline decreased by 63% when high physical activity and high fruit and vegetable intake were combined (odds ratio 0.37; 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.59), indicating a potential combined effect of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on mitigating cognitive decline. These personal actions are safe, effective, and economical approaches to health promotion and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Szewei Wang
- Affiliation Program of Data Analytics and Business Computing, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, 10012, USA
| | - Bing-Long Wang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yu-Ni Huang
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas T H Wan
- School of Global Health Management and Informatics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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12
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Smith L, Oh H, Jacob L, López-Sánchez GF, Veronese N, Soysal P, Shin JI, Schuch F, Tully MA, Butler L, Barnett Y, Koyanagi A. Sleep problems and subjective cognitive complaints among middle-aged and older adults in 45 low- and middle-income countries. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1285-1293. [PMID: 34985716 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, a small body of evidence suggests that sleep problems are positively associated with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC). However, no studies on this topic exist from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we investigated the association between sleep problems and SCC in a large sample of middle-age and older adults from 45 LMICs. METHODS Cross-sectional, predominantly nationally representative, community-based data were analyzed from the World Health Survey. Sleep problems (such as difficulties falling asleep, waking up frequently during the night or waking up too early in the morning) in the last 30 days were self-reported. Two questions on subjective memory and learning complaints in the past 30 days were used to create a SCC scale ranging from 0 (No SCC) to 100 (worse SCC). Multivariable linear regression was conducted to explore the association between sleep problems (exposure) and SCC (outcome). RESULTS Data on 60,228 adults aged ≥ 50 years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 61.4 (9.9) years; 53.9% females]. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to those without sleep problems, the mean SCC score for the multivariable model was 13.32 (95% CI 12.01, 14.63), 19.46 (95% CI 17.95, 20.98), 24.17 (95% CI 22.02, 26.33), and 31.39 (95% CI 28.13, 34.65) points higher for mild, moderate, severe, and extreme sleep problems, respectively. Similar results were found for analyses stratified by age and country-income level. CONCLUSION Sleep problems were positively associated in a dose-response manner with SCC among middle-aged and older adults in multiple LMICs. Addressing sleep problems may aid in the prevention of SCC and ultimately dementia, pending future longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Hans Oh
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Guillermo F López-Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı (Vatan Street), Fatih, 34093, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Felipe Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mark A Tully
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, 08830, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Long-term intake of total energy and fat in relation to subjective cognitive decline. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:133-146. [PMID: 34748116 PMCID: PMC8960333 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diet is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. However, human studies on total energy intake and cognitive function have remained limited and studies on fat intake and cognitive decline have been inconclusive. We aimed to examine prospectively the associations between long-term intakes of total energy and fat with subsequent subjective cognitive decline (SCD). A total of 49,493 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study were followed for over 20 years. Average dietary intake was calculated based on repeated food frequency questionnaires (SFFQs), and Poisson regression was used to evaluate associations. Higher total energy intake was significantly associated with greater odds of SCD in both cohorts. Comparing the highest with lowest quintiles of total energy intake, the pooled multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for a 3-unit increment in SCD, corresponding to poor versus normal SCD, was 2.77 (2.53, 2.94). Each 500 kcal/day greater intake of total energy was associated with 48% higher odds of SCD. Intakes of both total fat and total carbohydrate appeared to contribute to the positive association between total energy intake and SCD although for the same percent of energy, the association was stronger for total fat. In conclusion, higher intakes of total energy, total fat, and total carbohydrate were adversely associated with SCD. Whether these associations are causal is unclear and deserves further investigation.
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Vernuccio L, Catanese G, Inzerillo F, Salemi G, Barbagallo M. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114080. [PMID: 34836334 PMCID: PMC8624903 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Correspondence: ; +39-0916554828
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Laura Vernuccio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Catanese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Flora Inzerillo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
- UOC of Neurology, University Hospital “Paolo Giaccone”, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy; (N.V.); (L.V.); (G.C.); (F.I.); (M.B.)
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Milenkovic D, Krga I, Dinel AL, Morand C, Laye S, Castanon N. Nutrigenomic modification induced by anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract in the hippocampus of ApoE-/- mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Yeh TS, Yuan C, Ascherio A, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Blacker D. Long-term Dietary Flavonoid Intake and Subjective Cognitive Decline in US Men and Women. Neurology 2021; 97:e1041-e1056. [PMID: 34321362 PMCID: PMC8448553 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the associations between long-term dietary flavonoids and subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS We followed 49,493 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1984-2006) and 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) (1986-2002). Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations between dietary flavonoids (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, polymeric flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins) and subsequent SCD. For the NHS, long-term average dietary intake was calculated from 7 repeated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires (SFFQs), and SCD was assessed in 2012 and 2014. For the HPFS, average dietary intake was calculated from 5 repeated SFFQs, and SCD was assessed in 2008 and 2012. RESULTS Higher intake of total flavonoids was associated with lower odds of SCD after adjustment for age, total energy intake, major nondietary factors, and specific dietary factors. In a comparison of the highest vs the lowest quintiles of total flavonoid intake, the pooled multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3-unit increments in SCD was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76, 0.89). In the pooled results, the strongest associations were observed for flavones (OR 0.62 [95% CI 0.57, 0.68]), flavanones (0.64 [0.58, 0.68)]), and anthocyanins (0.76 [0.72, 0.84]) (p trend <0.001 for all groups). The dose-response curve was steepest for flavones, followed by anthocyanins. Many flavonoid-rich foods such as strawberries, oranges, grapefruits, citrus juices, apples/pears, celery, peppers, and bananas, were significantly associated with lower odds of SCD. CONCLUSION Our findings support a benefit of higher flavonoid intakes for maintaining cognitive function in US men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shin Yeh
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., D.B.), Nutrition (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y.), and Biostatistics (B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University; Channing Division of Network Medicine (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y., B.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Public Health (C.Y.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine (B.R.), Harvard Medical School; and Department of Psychiatry (D.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., D.B.), Nutrition (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y.), and Biostatistics (B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University; Channing Division of Network Medicine (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y., B.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Public Health (C.Y.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine (B.R.), Harvard Medical School; and Department of Psychiatry (D.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., D.B.), Nutrition (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y.), and Biostatistics (B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University; Channing Division of Network Medicine (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y., B.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Public Health (C.Y.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine (B.R.), Harvard Medical School; and Department of Psychiatry (D.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., D.B.), Nutrition (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y.), and Biostatistics (B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University; Channing Division of Network Medicine (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y., B.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Public Health (C.Y.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine (B.R.), Harvard Medical School; and Department of Psychiatry (D.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Walter C Willett
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., D.B.), Nutrition (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y.), and Biostatistics (B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University; Channing Division of Network Medicine (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y., B.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Public Health (C.Y.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine (B.R.), Harvard Medical School; and Department of Psychiatry (D.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
| | - Deborah Blacker
- From the Departments of Epidemiology (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., D.B.), Nutrition (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y.), and Biostatistics (B.R.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University; Channing Division of Network Medicine (T.-S.Y., A.A., W.W., C.Y., B.R.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Public Health (C.Y.), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Medicine (B.R.), Harvard Medical School; and Department of Psychiatry (D.B.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Liu X, Dhana K, Furtado JD, Agarwal P, Aggarwal NT, Tangney C, Laranjo N, Carey V, Barnes LL, Sacks FM. Higher circulating α-carotene was associated with better cognitive function: an evaluation among the MIND trial participants. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e64. [PMID: 34527222 PMCID: PMC8411267 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence linking fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive function. However, studies focusing on the nutrients underlying this relationship are lacking. We aim to examine the association between plasma nutrients and cognition in a population at risk for cognitive decline with a suboptimal diet. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) trial is a randomized controlled intervention that examines the effects of the MIND diet to prevent cognitive decline. The primary outcome is global cognition. A multivariate linear model was used to investigate the association between blood nutrients and global and/or domain-specific cognition. The model was adjusted for age, sex, education, study site, smoking status, cognitive activities and physical activities. High plasma α-carotene was associated with better global cognition. Participants in the highest tertile of plasma α-carotene had a higher global cognition z score of 0⋅17 when compared with individuals in the lowest tertile (P 0⋅002). Circulating α-carotene levels were also associated with higher semantic memory scores (P for trend 0⋅007). Lutein and zeaxanthin (combined) was positively associated with higher semantic memory scores (P for trend 0⋅009). Our study demonstrated that higher α-carotene levels in blood were associated with higher global cognition scores in a US population at risk for cognitive decline. The higher α-carotene levels in blood reflected greater intakes of fruits, other types of vegetables and lesser intakes of butter and margarine and meat. The higher circulating levels of lutein plus zeaxanthin reflected a dietary pattern with high intakes of fruits, green leafy, other vegetables and cheese, and low consumption of fried foods. Objective nutrient markers in the blood can better characterize dietary intake, which may facilitate the implementation of a tailored dietary intervention for the prevention of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Furtado
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Puja Agarwal
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neelum T. Aggarwal
- Rush Alzheimer's disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christy Tangney
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Rush College of Health Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Laranjo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Xu X, Wei W, Xu J, Huang J, Li L, Han T, Qi J, Sun C, Li Y, Jiang W. The association of minerals intake in three meals with cancer and all-cause mortality: the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2014. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:912. [PMID: 34380458 PMCID: PMC8359108 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake time of diet has recently been demonstrated to be associated with the internal clock and circadian pattern. However, whether and how the intake time of minerals would influence the natural course of cancer was largely unknown. METHODS This study aimed to assess the association of mineral intake at different periods with cancer and all-cause mortality. A total of 27,455 participants aged 18-85 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were recruited. The main exposures were the mineral intakes in the morning, afternoon and evening, which were categorized into quintiles, respectively. The main outcomes were mortality of cancer and all causes. RESULTS During the 178,182 person-years of follow-up, 2680 deaths, including 601 deaths due to cancer, were documented. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to the participants who were in the lowest quintile(quintile-1) of mineral intakes at dinner, the participants in the highest quintile intake(quintile-5) of dietary potassium, calcium and magnesium had lower mortality risks of cancer (HRpotassium = 0.72, 95% CI:0.55-0.94, P for trend = 0.023; HRcalcium = 0.74, 95% CI:0.57-0.98, P for trend = 0.05; HRmagnesium = 0.75, 95% CI:0.56-0.99, P for trend = 0.037) and all-cause (HRpotassium = 0.83, 95% CI:0.73-0.94, P for trend = 0.012; HRcalcium = 0.87, 95% CI:0.76-0.99, P for trend = 0.025; HRmagnesium = 0.85, 95% CI:0.74-0.97, P for trend = 0.011; HRcopper = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.94, P for trend = 0.012). Further, equivalently replacing 10% of dietary potassium, calcium and magnesium consumed in the morning with those in the evening were associated with lower mortality risk of cancer (HRpotassium = 0.94, 95%CI:0.91-0.97; HRcalcium = 0.95, 95%CI:0.92-0.98; HRmagnesium = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.92-0.98). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the optimal intake time of potassium, calcium and magnesium for reducing the risk of cancer and all-cause mortality was in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Jiaxu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
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Yeh TS, Yuan C, Ascherio A, Rosner BA, Blacker D, Willett WC. Long-term dietary protein intake and subjective cognitive decline in US men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:199-210. [PMID: 34293099 PMCID: PMC8755047 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline. However, studies on dietary protein intake and cognitive decline have remained limited and inconclusive. OBJECTIVES In this study, we aimed to investigate the associations between long-term dietary protein intake and subsequent subjective cognitive decline (SCD). METHODS We included 49,493 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1984-2006) and 27,842 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) (1986-2002). For the NHS, average dietary intake was calculated from 7 repeated semi-quantitative FFQs (SFFQs), and SCD was assessed in 2012 and 2014. For the HPFS, average dietary intake was calculated from 5 repeated SFFQs, and SCD was assessed in 2008 and 2012. Poisson regression was used to examine the associations between dietary protein, amino acids, and various protein food sources with subsequent SCD. RESULTS Higher protein intake compared with total carbohydrates was associated with lower odds of SCD. When substituting 5% energy from protein for the equivalent percentage of energy from total carbohydrates, the pooled multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 0.89 (0.85, 0.94) for total protein, 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) for animal protein, and 0.74 (0.62, 0.88) for plant protein. When substituting 5% of energy from animal protein with plant protein, the OR was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.97). For protein food sources, higher intakes of beans/legumes, fish, and lean poultry were significantly associated with lower odds of SCD, but higher intake of hotdogs was associated with higher odds of SCD. CONCLUSIONS Higher protein intake was associated with lower odds of SCD when compared isocalorically with carbohydrate. Plant protein sources were also associated with lower odds when compared with animal protein sources. Our findings suggest that adequate protein intake, and choices of protein sources could play a role in the maintenance of cognition and should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Shin Yeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Changzheng Yuan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Big Data and Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Struijk EA, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Fung TT, Willett WC, Hu FB, Lopez-Garcia E. Sweetened beverages and risk of frailty among older women in the Nurses' Health Study: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003453. [PMID: 33290392 PMCID: PMC7723265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been consistently associated with a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality, whereas evidence for artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and fruit juices on health is less solid. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of SSBs, ASBs, and fruit juices in association with frailty risk among older women. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analyzed data from 71,935 women aged ≥60 (average baseline age was 63) participating in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), an ongoing cohort study initiated in 1976 among female registered nurses in the United States. Consumption of beverages was derived from 6 repeated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) administered between 1990 and 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least 3 of the following 5 criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, poor strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥5 chronic illnesses, and weight loss ≥5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every 4 years from 1992 to 2014. During 22 years of follow-up, we identified 11,559 incident cases of frailty. Consumption of SSBs was associated with higher risk of frailty after adjustment for diet quality, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, and medication use, specifically, the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for ≥2 serving/day versus no SSB consumption was 1.32 (1.10, 1.57); p-value <0.001. ASBs were also associated with frailty [RR ≥2 serving/day versus no consumption: 1.28 (1.17, 1.39); p-value <0.001]. Orange juice was associated with lower risk of frailty [RR ≥1 serving/day versus no consumption: 0.82 (0.76, 0.87); p-value <0.001], whereas other juices were associated with a slightly higher risk [RR ≥1 serving/day versus no consumption: 1.15 (1.03, 1.28); p-value <0.001]. A limitation of this study is that, due to self-reporting of diet and frailty, certain misclassification bias cannot be ruled out; also, some residual confounding may persist. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that consumption of SSBs and ASBs was associated with a higher risk of frailty. However, orange juice intake showed an inverse association with frailty. These results need to be confirmed in further studies using other frailty definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A. Struijk
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA/Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa T. Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Esther Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA/Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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21
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The Importance of Sweet Beverage Definitions When Targeting Health Policies-The Case of Switzerland. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071976. [PMID: 32635195 PMCID: PMC7399802 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since high-sweet beverage intake is associated with health risks, defining what this term encompasses is relevant to the strategies confronting this problem. This study assessed both the sociodemographic factors associated with sweet beverage consumption in Switzerland and the amount consumed. According to the current definition in Switzerland (SB–CUR), sweet beverages include soft drinks, juices with added-sugar, and low-calorie sweet beverages. Using this definition and the representative menuCH survey (n = 2057; ages 18–75), the average daily sweet beverage intake was determined and compared with a new sweet beverage definition (SB–NEW), which included all beverages with free sugars and low-calorie sweeteners. A generalized linear model was used to investigate correlates of sweet beverage consumption. Sweet beverage consumption under the SB–CUR and SB–NEW definition was 240.6 g/day and 329.7 g/day, respectively, with 100% juice consumption accounting for 66% of the difference. Carbonated drinks (sodas), low-calorie sweet beverages, and 100% juices were the highest contributors, each around 60 g/day. SB–NEW intake was higher in individuals who were male, young adults (aged 18–29), from German-speaking regions, obese, or had a lower level of education. As sweet beverage consumption was much higher under the SB–NEW definition, this could have implications for health policies aimed at reducing sugar intake.
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22
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Yuan C, Fondell E, Ascherio A, Okereke OI, Grodstein F, Hofman A, Willett WC. Long-Term Intake of Dietary Carotenoids Is Positively Associated with Late-Life Subjective Cognitive Function in a Prospective Study in US Women. J Nutr 2020; 150:1871-1879. [PMID: 32386230 PMCID: PMC7330480 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A protective association of dietary carotenoids with cognitive function has been suggested, but most studies have been relatively small with limited periods of follow-up. OBJECTIVES We examined prospectively long-term intakes of carotenoids in relation to subjective cognitive function (SCF), a self-reported, validated indicator of cognitive dysfunction. METHODS Among 49,493 female registered nurses with a mean age of 48 y in 1984, we used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the ORs and 95% CIs relating intakes of carotenoids to self-reported SCF in 2012 and 2014. Mean intakes of carotenoids were calculated from 7 repeated FFQs collected in 1984, 1986, and every 4 y afterwards until 2006. Self-reported SCF was assessed by a 7-item questionnaire on changes in memory and cognition; validity was supported by strong associations with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype and concurrent cognitive function and cognitive decline measured by telephone-based neuropsychological tests. The mean values of scores assessed in 2012 and 2014 were categorized as "good" (0 points, 40.8%), "moderate" (0.5-2.5 points, 46.9%), and "poor" (3-7 points, 12.3%). RESULTS Higher intake of total carotenoids was associated with substantially lower odds of moderate or poor cognitive function after controlling for other dietary and nondietary risk factors and total energy intake. Comparing the top with the bottom quintile of total carotenoids, the multivariable ORs were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.93; P-trend < 0.001) for moderate SCF and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.75; P-trend < 0.001) for poor SCF. This lower OR was also seen for carotenoids consumed 28 y before SCF assessment. Similar associations were found for total β-carotene, dietary β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin. The significant associations for β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin persisted after mutual adjustment for each other. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a long-term beneficial role of carotenoid consumption on cognitive function in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elinor Fondell
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Mao X, Chen C, Xun P, Daviglus ML, Steffen LM, Jacobs DR, Van Horn L, Sidney S, Zhu N, Qin B, He K. Intake of Vegetables and Fruits Through Young Adulthood Is Associated with Better Cognitive Function in Midlife in the US General Population. J Nutr 2019; 149:1424-1433. [PMID: 31162586 PMCID: PMC6686058 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetables and fruits (VF) may differentially affect cognitive functions, presumably due to their various nutrient contents, but evidence from epidemiologic studies is limited. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the long-term association between VF intakes, including VF subgroups, in young adulthood and cognitive function in midlife. METHODS A biracial cohort of 3231 men and women aged 18-30 y at baseline in 1985-1986 were followed up for 25 y in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Diet was measured at baseline, and in examination years 7 and 20. Cognitive function was assessed at examination year 25 through the use of 3 tests: the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Stroop test. The mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs in cognitive scores across intake categories were estimated through the use of the multivariable-adjusted general linear regression model. RESULTS Excluding potatoes, intake of whole vegetables was significantly associated with a better cognitive performance after adjustment for potential confounders in all 3 cognitive tests (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1-RAVLT, MD: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64; P-trend = 0.08; DSST, MD: 2.84; 95% CI: 0.93, 4.75; P-trend < 0.01; Stroop test, MD: -2.87; 95% CI: -4.24, -1.50; P-trend < 0.01]. Similarly, intake of fruits, except fruit juices, was significantly related to a better cognitive performance (quintile 5 compared with quintile 1-DSST, MD: 2.41; 95% CI: 0.70, 4.12; P-trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the long-term benefits of VF consumption on cognitive performance, except those VF with relatively low fiber content such as potatoes and fruit juices, among the middle-aged US general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxia Mao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Na Zhu
- Indiana University Health Arnett Hospital, Lafayette, IN
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN,Address correspondence to KH (e-mail: )
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24
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Dietary Patterns Are Related to Clinical Characteristics in Memory Clinic Patients with Subjective Cognitive Decline: The SCIENCe Project. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051057. [PMID: 31083522 PMCID: PMC6566666 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As nutrition is one of the modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline, we studied the relationship between dietary quality and clinical characteristics in cognitively normal individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). We included 165 SCD subjects (age: 64 ± 8 years; 45% female) from the SCIENCe project, a prospective memory clinic based cohort study on SCD. The Dutch Healthy Diet Food Frequency Questionnaire (DHD-FFQ) was used to assess adherence to Dutch guidelines on vegetable, fruit, fibers, fish, saturated fat, trans fatty acids, salt and alcohol intake (item score 0-10, higher score indicating better adherence). We measured global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination), cognitive complaints (Cognitive Change Index self-report; CCI) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CES-D). Using principal component analysis, we identified dietary components and investigated their relation to clinical characteristics using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex and education. We identified three dietary patterns: (i) "low-Fat-low-Salt", (ii) "high-Veggy", and (iii) "low-Alcohol-low-Fish". Individuals with lower adherence on "low-Fat-low-Salt" had more depressive symptoms (β -0.18 (-2.27--0.16)). Higher adherence to "high-Veggy" was associated with higher MMSE scores (β 0.30 (0.21-0.64)). No associations were found with the low-Alcohol-low-Fish component. We showed that in SCD subjects, dietary quality was related to clinically relevant outcomes. These findings could be useful to identify individuals that might benefit most from nutritional prevention strategies to optimize brain health.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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