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Jiang Y, Wu Y, Hu Y, Li S, Ren L, Wang J, Yu M, Yang R, Liu Z, Zhang N, Hu K, Zhang Y, Livingston G, Zhang JJ, Zeng Y, Chen H, Yao Y. Bi-directional association between outdoor or social activities and cognitive function: do the PM 2.5 exposure catalyze the detrimental inactivity-poor cognition cycle? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118868. [PMID: 38580003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that lack of leisure activities, either outdoor or social activities, impedes cognitive function. However, the interrelationship between poor cognition and deficient activities is understudied. In addition, whether exposure to air pollution, such as PM2.5, can accelerate the detrimental 'inactivity-poor cognition' cycle, is worthy of investigation. METHODS We used data from the 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We assessed the frequency of outdoor or social activities at each wave. The cognitive function was examined using a China-Modified Mini-mental State Examination. We estimated the residential exposure to fine particular matter (PM2.5) via a satellite-based model. We applied cross-lagged panel (CLP) model to examine the bi-directional relationship between outdoor or social activities and cognitive function. We then examined the effect of PM2.5 exposure with sequent cognitive function and activities using generalized estimation equation (GEE) model. FINDINGS Overall, we observed significant bi-directional associations between outdoor or social activities and cognitive function. Participants with better cognitive function in the last wave were more likely to engage in outdoor or social activities in the following wave (outdoor activities: β = 0.37, 95% CI [0.27,0.48], P < 0.01; social activities: β = 0.05, 95% CI [0.02,0.09] P < 0.01). Meanwhile, higher engagement in outdoor or social activities in the last wave was associated with more favorable cognitive function in the following wave (outdoor activities: β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.03,0.09], P < 0.01; social activities: β = 0.10, 95% CI [0.03,0.18], P < 0.01). Notably, an increase in PM2.5 exposure during the preceding year was significantly associated with a declining cognitive function (β = -0.05, 95% CI [-0.08,-0.03], P < 0.01), outdoor activities (β = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.04, -0.01], P < 0.01) and social activities (β = -0.02, 95% CI [-0.02, -0.01], P < 0.01) in the current year; the lagged effects of the PM2.5 exposure in the past year of the last wave on activities and cognitive function of the following wave were also observed. INTERPRETATION Our findings not only indicate the bi-directional links between the frequency of outdoor or social activities and cognitive function, but also report that PM2.5 exposure plays a role in catalyzing the detrimental inactivity-poor cognition cycle. Future research should investigate whether the policy-driven interventions, such as clean air policies, can break the unfavorable activity-cognition cycle, and thereby promoting health from the dual gains in leisure activities and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Jiang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longbin Ren
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhi Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Manchester Urban Ageing Research Group (MUARG), The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kejia Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Huashuai Chen
- Business School of Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Lynch KM, Bennett EE, Ying Q, Park ES, Xu X, Smith RL, Stewart JD, Liao D, Kaufman JD, Whitsel EA, Power MC. Association of Gaseous Ambient Air Pollution and Dementia-Related Neuroimaging Markers in the ARIC Cohort, Comparing Exposure Estimation Methods and Confounding by Study Site. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:67010. [PMID: 38922331 PMCID: PMC11218707 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking gaseous air pollution to late-life brain health is mixed. OBJECTIVE We explored associations between exposure to gaseous pollutants and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers among Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants, with attention to the influence of exposure estimation method and confounding by site. METHODS We considered data from 1,665 eligible ARIC participants recruited from four US sites in the period 1987-1989 with valid brain MRI data from Visit 5 (2011-2013). We estimated 10-y (2001-2010) mean carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and 8- and 24-h ozone (O 3 ) concentrations at participant addresses, using multiple exposure estimation methods. We estimated site-specific associations between pollutant exposures and brain MRI outcomes (total and regional volumes; presence of microhemorrhages, infarcts, lacunes, and severe white matter hyperintensities), using adjusted linear and logistic regression models. We compared meta-analytically combined site-specific associations to analyses that did not account for site. RESULTS Within-site exposure distributions varied across exposure estimation methods. Meta-analytic associations were generally not statistically significant regardless of exposure, outcome, or exposure estimation method; point estimates often suggested associations between higher NO 2 and NO x and smaller temporal lobe, deep gray, hippocampal, frontal lobe, and Alzheimer disease signature region of interest volumes and between higher CO and smaller temporal and frontal lobe volumes. Analyses that did not account for study site more often yielded significant associations and sometimes different direction of associations. DISCUSSION Patterns of local variation in estimated air pollution concentrations differ by estimation method. Although we did not find strong evidence supporting impact of gaseous pollutants on brain changes detectable by MRI, point estimates suggested associations between higher exposure to CO, NO x , and NO 2 and smaller regional brain volumes. Analyses of air pollution and dementia-related outcomes that do not adjust for location likely underestimate uncertainty and may be susceptible to confounding bias. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13906.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M. Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Erin E. Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Qi Ying
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Eun Sug Park
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Texas A&M Health Science Center School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Richard L. Smith
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - James D. Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Duanping Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melinda C. Power
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Qi J, Zhao N, Liu M, Guo Y, Fu J, Zhang Y, Wang W, Su Z, Zeng Y, Yao Y, Hu K. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter constituents and cognitive impairment among older adults: An 18-year Chinese nationwide cohort study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133785. [PMID: 38367441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although growing evidence has shown independent links of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with cognitive impairment, the effects of its constituents remain unclear. This study aims to explore the associations of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 constituents' mixture with cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults, and to further identify the main contributor. METHODS 15,274 adults ≥ 65 years old were recruited by the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) and followed up through 7 waves during 2000-2018. Concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and its constituents (i.e., black carbon [BC], organic matter [OM], ammonium [NH4+], sulfate [SO42-], and nitrate [NO3-]) were estimated by satellite retrievals and machine learning models. Quantile-based g-computation model was employed to assess the joint effects of a mixture of 5 PM2.5 constituents and their relative contributions to cognitive impairment. Analyses stratified by age group, sex, residence (urban vs. rural), and region (north vs. south) were performed to identify vulnerable populations. RESULTS During the average 3.03 follow-up visits (89,296.9 person-years), 4294 (28.1%) participants had developed cognitive impairment. The adjusted hazard ratio [HR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) for cognitive impairment for every quartile increase in mixture exposure to 5 PM2.5 constituents was 1.08 (1.05-1.11). BC held the largest index weight (0.69) in the positive direction in the qg-computation model, followed by OM (0.31). Subgroup analyses suggested stronger associations in younger old adults and rural residents. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, particularly its constituents BC and OM, is associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment onset among Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Naizhuo Zhao
- Department of Land Resource Management, School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Minhui Liu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingqiao Fu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wanjie Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiyang Su
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhang L, Wei L, Fang Y. Spatial-temporal distribution patterns and influencing factors analysis of comorbidity prevalence of chronic diseases among middle-aged and elderly people in China: focusing on exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:550. [PMID: 38383335 PMCID: PMC10882846 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes regional differences and dynamic changes in the prevalence of comorbidities among middle-aged and elderly people with chronic diseases (PCMC) in China from 2011-2018, and explores distribution patterns and the relationship between PM2.5 and PCMC, aiming to provide data support for regional prevention and control measures for chronic disease comorbidities in China. METHODS This study utilized CHARLS follow-up data for ≥ 45-year-old individuals from 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018 as research subjects. Missing values were filled using the random forest machine learning method. PCMC spatial clustering investigated using spatial autocorrelation methods. The relationship between macro factors and PCMC was examined using Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression, Ordinary Linear Regression, and Geographically Weighted Regression. RESULTS PCMC in China showing a decreasing trend. Hotspots of PCMC appeared mainly in western and northern provinces, while cold spots were in southeastern coastal provinces. PM2.5 content was a risk factor for PCMC, the range of influence expanded from the southeastern coastal areas to inland areas, and the magnitude of influence decreased from the southeastern coastal areas to inland areas. CONCLUSION PM2.5 content, as a risk factor, should be given special attention, taking into account regional factors. In the future, policy-makers should develop stricter air pollution control policies based on different regional economic, demographic, and geographic factors, while promoting public education, increasing public transportation, and urban green coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linjiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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5
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Gui Z, Ji W, Wang Y, Li J, Cheng Y, Li L, Dong G, Yang B, Zhou Y. Severer air pollution, poorer cognitive function: Findings from 176,345 elders in Northwestern China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:116008. [PMID: 38266358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence exists regarding the link between air pollution exposure and cognitive function in developing countries, particularly in areas with abundant natural sources of particulate matter. OBJECTIVES To investigate this association in a large representative sample of the elderly in northwestern China. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study among 176,345 participants aged 60-100 years in northwestern China in 2020. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was applied to assess three-year annual averages of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5), ≤ 10 µm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) at residential address. Poor cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess associations. RESULTS Compared with participants with the lowest quartiles of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 levels, those with the second, third, and highest quartiles of air pollutants consistently showed increased odds of poor cognitive function and decreased MMSE scores. The odds ratios of poor cognitive function associated with a 10 μg/m3 increment in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 were 1.26 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.17, 1.36), 1.06 (95 %CI: 1.04, 1.08), and 2.76 (95 %CI: 2.11, 3.62), respectively. Subgroup analyses suggested stronger associations between air pollution exposures and poor cognitive function among participants who were younger, were non-Uyghur and were physically active. CONCLUSION Long-term exposures to PM2.5, PM10 and O3 were associated with poor cognitive function in elders. Our results suggest that reducing air pollution may alleviate the burden of poor cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Gui
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushan Wang
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinlin Cheng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Boyi Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xie XY, Huang LY, Cheng GR, Liu D, Hu FF, Zhang JJ, Han GB, Liu XC, Wang JY, Zhou J, Zeng DY, Liu J, Nie QQ, Song D, Yu YF, Hu CL, Fu YD, Li SY, Cai C, Cui YY, Cai WY, Li YQ, Fan RJ, Wan H, Xu L, Ou YM, Chen XX, Zhou YL, Chen YS, Li JQ, Wei Z, Wu Q, Mei YF, Tan W, Song SJ, Zeng Y. Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Chinese Urban Area: A Case-Control Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:941-955. [PMID: 38489185 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background As a prodromal stage of dementia, significant emphasis has been placed on the identification of modifiable risks of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research has indicated a correlation between exposure to air pollution and cognitive function in older adults. However, few studies have examined such an association among the MCI population inChina. Objective We aimed to explore the association between air pollution exposure and MCI risk from the Hubei Memory and Aging Cohort Study. Methods We measured four pollutants from 2015 to 2018, 3 years before the cognitive assessment of the participants. Logistic regression models were employed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) to assess the relationship between air pollutants and MCI risk. Results Among 4,205 older participants, the adjusted ORs of MCI risk for the highest quartile of PM2.5, PM10, O3, and SO2 were 1.90 (1.39, 2.62), 1.77 (1.28, 2.47), 0.56 (0.42, 0.75), and 1.18 (0.87, 1.61) respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. Stratified analyses indicated that such associations were found in both males and females, but were more significant in older participants. Conclusions Our findings are consistent with the growing evidence suggesting that air pollution increases the risk of mild cognitive decline, which has considerable guiding significance for early intervention of dementia in the older population. Further studies in other populations and broader geographical areas are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Xie
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Ya Huang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gui-Rong Cheng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei-Fei Hu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang-Bin Han
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Chang Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Yi Wang
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yang Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Nie
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Song
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya-Fu Yu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen-Lu Hu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Di Fu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Yue Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Yang Cui
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wan-Ying Cai
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Qing Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ren-Jia Fan
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-Ming Ou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Xing Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhou
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin-Quan Li
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Fei Mei
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jun Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hsiao PJ, Wu CD, Wong PY, Chung MC, Yang YW, Wu LY, Hsiao KY, Chung CJ. APOE-ε4 Alleles Modify the Decline of MMSE Scores Associated With Time-Dependent PM 2.5 Exposure: Findings From a Community-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023:S1064-7481(23)00528-6. [PMID: 38228451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research has explored the long-term effect of reduced PM2.5 exposure on cognitive function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of time-dependent PM2.5 exposure and the interactions of PM2.5 and aging on declines in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, in carriers and non-carriers of the APOE-ε4 allele. METHODS Participants aged over 60 were recruited for this cohort study, undergoing MMSE tests twice from the Taiwan Biobank Program from 2008 to 2020. Participants with dementia or baseline MMSE scores <24 were excluded. Annual PM2.5 levels were estimated using a hybrid kriging/land use regression model with extreme gradient boosting, treated as a time-dependent variable. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the impacts of repeated PM2.5 on MMSE decline, further stratified by the presence of APOE-ε4 alleles. RESULTS After follow-up, 290 participants out of the overall 7,000 community residents in the Biobank dataset demonstrated incidences of MMSE declines (<24), with an average MMSE score decline of 1.11 per year. Participants with ε4/ε4 alleles in the APOE gene had significantly 3.68-fold risks of MMSE decline. High levels of PM2.5 across all visits were significantly associated with worsening of scores on the overall MMSE. As annual levels of PM2.5 decreased over time, the impact of PM2.5 on MMSE decline also slowly diminished. CONCLUSION Long-term PM2.5 exposure may be associated with increased risk of MMSE decline, despite improvements in ambient PM2.5 levels over time. Validation of these results necessitates a large-scale prospective cohort study with more concise cognitive screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Urology (P-JH), China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Da Wu
- Department of Geomatics (C-DW), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (C-DW), National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (C-DW), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Wong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health (P-YW), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chi Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (M-CC), Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wan Yang
- Department of Neurology (Y-WY), China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Laing-You Wu
- Department of Public Health (L-YW, C-JC), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yu Hsiao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery (K-YH), Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jung Chung
- Department of Public Health (L-YW, C-JC), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research (C-JC), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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8
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Xu Z, Han Z, Wang J, Jin R, Li Z, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Lv S, Zhao X, Liu Y, Guo X, Tao L. Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Progression of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Beijing: Modifying Effect of Greenness. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000796. [PMID: 37449300 PMCID: PMC10337285 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents on the progression of cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV) and the potential modifying role of greenness. In this study, we investigated the association of PM2.5 and its constituents, including sulfate (SO4 2-), nitrate (NO3 -), ammonium (NH4 +), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), with the progression of BFV in the middle cerebral artery. Participants from the Beijing Health Management Cohort who underwent at least two transcranial Doppler sonography examinations during 2015-2020 were recruited. BFV change and BFV change rate were used to define the progression of cerebral BFV. Linear mixed effects models were employed to analyze the data, and the weighted quantile sum regression assessed the contribution of PM2.5 constituents. Additionally, greenness was examined as a modifier. Among the examined constituents, OM exhibited the strongest association with BFV progression. An interquartile range increase in PM2.5 and OM exposure concentrations was associated with a decrease of -16.519 cm/s (95% CI: -17.837, -15.201) and -15.403 cm/s (95% CI: -16.681, -14.126) in BFV change, and -10.369 cm/s/year (95% CI: -11.387, -9.352) and -9.615 cm/s/year (95% CI: -10.599, -8.632) in BFV change rate, respectively. Furthermore, stronger associations between PM2.5 and BFV progression were observed in individuals working in areas with lower greenness, those aged under 45 years, and females. In conclusion, reducing PM2.5 levels in the air, particularly the OM constituent, and enhancing greenness could potentially contribute to the protection of cerebrovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkai Xu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ze Han
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinqi Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rui Jin
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Precision HealthSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Zemeng Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shiyun Lv
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yueruijing Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lixin Tao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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9
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Gan W, Manning KJ, Cleary EG, Fortinsky RH, Brugge D. Exposure to ultrafine particles and cognitive decline among older people in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115768. [PMID: 36965813 PMCID: PMC10246447 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies suggest that ambient particulate air pollution is associated with cognitive decline. However, the findings are mixed, and there is no relevant research examining the influences of ultrafine particles (UFP), which may have more toxicity than larger particles. We therefore conducted this study to investigate whether residential UFP exposure is associated with cognitive decline using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers in the United States. METHODS This is a longitudinal study of participants who were aged 65 years and older and had normal cognitive status at baseline. Residential UFP exposure, expressed as particle number concentrations (PNC), was assessed in 2016-2017 using a nationwide land use regression model, and was assigned to each participant using their 3-digit residential ZIP codes. Cognitive functions including memory, attention, language, executive function, and global function were assessed annually using 15 neuropsychological tests from March 2015 to February 2022. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the associations after adjustment for covariates including baseline age, sex, APOE ε4 status, race, education, smoking status, history of diabetes, quartiles of neighborhood median household income, and interaction terms of follow-up time with each covariate. RESULTS This study included 5646 participants (mean age 76 years, 65% female). On average, each participant had 4 annual visits. When PNC was treated as a continuous variable, there were no statistically or clinically significant changes in annual decline of each cognitive function in relation to an interquartile range elevation in PNC (4026 particles/cm3). Similarly, when PNC was treated as a categorical variable including five exposure groups, there were no linear exposure-response trends in annual decline of each cognitive function across the five exposure groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found no meaningful associations between residential UFP exposure and cognitive decline in global and domain-specific functions. There is a need for further research that assigns UFP exposure at a finer geographic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Gan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Kevin J Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Richard H Fortinsky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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10
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Lee Y, Yoon S, Yoon SH, Kang SW, Jeon S, Kim M, Shin DA, Nam CM, Ye BS. Air pollution is associated with faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:964-973. [PMID: 37106569 PMCID: PMC10270255 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although chronic exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of dementia in normal elderlies, the effect of chronic exposure to air pollution on the rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been elucidated. METHODS In this longitudinal study, a total of 269 patients with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to AD with the evidence of brain β-amyloid deposition were followed-up for a mean period of 4 years. Five-year normalized hourly cumulative exposure value of each air pollutant, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), was computed based on nationwide air pollution database. The effects of chronic exposure to air pollution on longitudinal cognitive decline rate were evaluated using linear mixed models. RESULTS Higher chronic exposure to SO2 was associated with a faster decline in memory score, whereas chronic exposure to CO, NO2 , and PM10 were not associated with the rate of cognitive decline. Higher chronic exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a faster decline in visuospatial score in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. These effects remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to SO2 and PM2.5 is associated with faster clinical progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐gun Lee
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineGoyangSouth Korea
| | - Seon‐Jin Yoon
- Department of NeurosurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - So Hoon Yoon
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kang
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seun Jeon
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and ComputingYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dong Ah Shin
- Department of NeurosurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Biostatistics and ComputingYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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11
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Yuan A, Halabicky O, Rao H, Liu J. Lifetime air pollution exposure, cognitive deficits, and brain imaging outcomes: A systematic review. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:69-80. [PMID: 37001821 PMCID: PMC10963081 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
As the amount of air pollution and human exposure has increased, the effects on human health have become an important public health issue. A field of growing interest is how air pollution exposure affects brain structure and function underlying cognitive deficits and if structural and connectivity changes mediate the relationship between the two. We conducted a systematic review to examine the literature on air pollution, brain structure and connectivity, and cognition studies. Eleven studies matched our inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Results suggest significant associations between air pollution and decreased volumes of specific brain structures, cortical thickness and surface area such as in the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe, as well as the weakening of functional connectivity pathways, largely the Default Mode (DMN) and Frontal Parietal (FPN) networks, as detected by fMRI. Associations between air pollution and cognitive outcomes were found in most of the studies (n = 9), though some studies showed stronger associations than others. For children & adolescents, these deficiencies largely involved heavy reasoning, problem solving, and logic. For young and middle-aged adults, the associations were mostly seen for executive function and visuospatial cognitive domains. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to consolidate findings on the associations among air pollution, brain structure, and cognitive function. In the future, it will be important to conduct further longitudinal studies that follow children who have been exposed at a young age and examine associations with brain structure and cognition throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Yuan
- University of Pennsylvania, College of Arts & Sciences, 249 S 36th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Olivia Halabicky
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Hengyi Rao
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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12
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Pini L, Salvalaggio A, Wennberg AM, Dimakou A, Matteoli M, Corbetta M. The pollutome-connectome axis: a putative mechanism to explain pollution effects on neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101867. [PMID: 36720351 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The study of pollutant effects is extremely important to address the epochal challenges we are facing, where world populations are increasingly moving from rural to urban centers, revolutionizing our world into an urban world. These transformations will exacerbate pollution, thus highlighting the necessity to unravel its effect on human health. Epidemiological studies have reported that pollution increases the risk of neurological diseases, with growing evidence on the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Air pollution and water pollutants are the main chemicals driving this risk. These chemicals can promote inflammation, acting in synergy with genotype vulnerability. However, the biological underpinnings of this association are unknown. In this review, we focus on the link between pollution and brain network connectivity at the macro-scale level. We provide an updated overview of epidemiological findings and studies investigating brain network changes associated with pollution exposure, and discuss the mechanistic insights of pollution-induced brain changes through neural networks. We explain, in detail, the pollutome-connectome axis that might provide the functional substrate for pollution-induced processes leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. We describe this model within the framework of two pollutants, air pollution, a widely recognized threat, and polyfluoroalkyl substances, a large class of synthetic chemicals which are currently emerging as new neurotoxic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Pini
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Alexandra M Wennberg
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Dimakou
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milano, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Corbetta
- Department of Neuroscience and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, VIMM, Padova, Italy
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13
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Hu K, Hale JM, Kulu H, Liu Y, Keenan K. A Longitudinal Analysis of the Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Cognitive Function Among Adults Aged 45 and Older in China. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:556-569. [PMID: 36215221 PMCID: PMC9985317 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidence suggests long-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, especially among older adults. This study examines the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cognitive function in China's aging population. METHODS We used longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015) linked with historical PM2.5 concentrations (2000-2015) from remotely sensed satellite data. Growth curve models were applied to estimate associations between PM2.5 exposure (measured in intensity, duration, and a joint variable of intensity with duration for cumulative exposure) and cognitive function. RESULTS Relative to the lowest exposure group, exposure in the second group of PM2.5 intensity (35-50 μg/m3) is associated with poorer cognitive function, but higher levels of PM2.5 appear to be associated with better cognitive function, indicating a U-shaped association. Similar patterns are seen for fully adjusted models of PM2.5 duration: the second group (13-60 months) is associated with worse cognitive function than the first group (0-12 months), but coefficients are nonsignificant in longer duration groups. Joint analysis of PM2.5 intensity with duration suggests that duration may play a more detrimental role in cognitive function than intensity. However, we do not find a statistically significant association between PM2.5 exposure and the rate of cognitive decline. DISCUSSION Our findings are mixed and suggest that some categories of higher and longer exposure to PM2.5 are associated with poorer cognitive function, while that exposures do not hasten cognitive decline. However, more work is necessary to disentangle PM2.5 exposure from individuals' background characteristics, particularly those jointly associated with cognitive function and urban living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Sociology, East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai, 200237, China
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Jo Mhairi Hale
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Hill Kulu
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine Keenan
- Population and Health Research Group, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
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14
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Thompson R, Smith RB, Karim YB, Shen C, Drummond K, Teng C, Toledano MB. Air pollution and human cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160234. [PMID: 36427724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review summarises and evaluates the literature investigating associations between exposure to air pollution and general population cognition, which has important implications for health, social and economic inequalities, and human productivity. METHODS The engines MEDLINE, Embase Classic+Embase, APA PsycInfo, and SCOPUS were searched up to May 2022. Our inclusion criteria focus on the following pollutants: particulate matter, NOx, and ozone. The cognitive abilities of interest are: general/global cognition, executive function, attention, working memory, learning, memory, intelligence and IQ, reasoning, reaction times, and processing speed. The collective evidence was assessed using the NTP-OHAT framework and random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Eighty-six studies were identified, the results of which were generally supportive of associations between exposures and worsened cognition, but the literature was varied and sometimes contradictory. There was moderate certainty support for detrimental associations between PM2.5 and general cognition in adults 40+, and PM2.5, NOx, and PM10 and executive function (especially working memory) in children. There was moderate certainty evidence against associations between ozone and general cognition in adults age 40+, and NOx and reasoning/IQ in children. Some associations were also supported by meta-analysis (N = 14 studies, all in adults aged 40+). A 1 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was associated with reduced performance on general cognitive batteries (β = -0.02, p < 0.05) as was a 1 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure (β = -0.02, p < 0.05). A 1μgm3 increase in PM2.5 was significantly associated with lower verbal fluency by -0.05 words (p = 0.01) and a decrease in executive function task performance of -0.02 points (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION Evidence was found in support of some exposure-outcome associations, however more good quality research is required, particularly with older teenagers and young adults (14-40 years), using multi-exposure modelling, incorporating mechanistic investigation, and in South America, Africa, South Asia and Australasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Rachel B Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yasmin Bou Karim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Kayleigh Drummond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Chloe Teng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mireille B Toledano
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; Mohn Centre for Children's Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK.
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15
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Gong Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Chang H, Zhang J, Gao Z, Mi Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Huang C, Yu Z. Global ambient particulate matter pollution and neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39418-39430. [PMID: 36763275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on particulate matter (PM) exposure and neurodegenerative disorders showed inconsistent results, and few studies systematically examined the long-term effect of PM on neurodegenerative diseases, including all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cognitive function decline. We systematically searched for published studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to October 31, 2022. To facilitate a comparison of effect sizes from different studies, we standardized units across studies to a 10 μg/m3 increase for PM. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's tests. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021277112). Of the 3403 originally identified studies, a meta-analysis was finally performed in 49 studies. The results showed that there was a significant positive association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease as well as Parkinson's disease, with pooled OR of 1.30 (95%CI: 1.14, 1.47, I2 = 99.3%), 1.65 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.94, I2 = 98.2%), and 1.17 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.33, I2 = 91.8%). A positive association between PM10 and vascular dementia was observed (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.21, I2 = 0.0%). Association between PM exposure and decreased cognitive function score was found. Our results highlight the important role of PM pollution, particularly PM2.5, in the risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxi Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Cho J, Jang H, Park H, Noh Y, Sohn J, Koh SB, Lee SK, Kim SY, Kim C. Alzheimer's disease-like cortical atrophy mediates the effect of air pollution on global cognitive function. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107703. [PMID: 36563596 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of air pollution on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-specific brain structural pathologies. There is also a lack of evidence on whether this effect leads to poorer cognitive function. We investigated whether, and the extent to which, AD-like cortical atrophy mediated the association between air pollution exposures and cognitive function in dementia-free adults. We used cross-sectional data from 640 participants who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Mean cortical thickness (as the measure of global cortical atrophy) and machine learning-based AD-like cortical atrophy score were estimated from brain images. Concentrations of particulate matter with diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were estimated based on each participant's residential address. Following the product method, a mediation effect was tested by conducting a series of three regression analyses (exposure to outcome; exposure to mediator; and exposure and mediator to outcome). A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 (β = -1.13; 95 % CI, -1.73 to -0.53) and a 10 ppb increase in NO2 (β = -1.09; 95 % CI, -1.40 to -0.78) were significantly associated with a lower MoCA score. PM10 (β = 0.27; 95 % CI, 0.06 to 0.48) and NO2 (β = 0.35; 95 % CI, 0.25 to 0.45) were significantly associated with an increased AD-like cortical atrophy score. Effects of PM10 and NO2 on MoCA scores were significantly mediated by mean cortical thickness (proportions mediated: 25 %-28 %) and AD-like cortical atrophy scores (13 %-16 %). The findings suggest that air pollution exposures may induce AD-like cortical atrophy, and that this effect may lead to poorer cognitive function in dementia-free adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaelim Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseon Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Park
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Noh
- Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Sohn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kalia V, Kulick ER, Vardarajan B, Gu Y, Manly JJ, Elkind MS, Kaufman JD, Jones DP, Baccarelli AA, Mayeux R, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Miller GW. Linking Air Pollution Exposure to Blood-Based Metabolic Features in a Community-Based Aging Cohort with and without Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1025-1040. [PMID: 37927256 PMCID: PMC10741333 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with changes in levels of metabolites measured in the peripheral blood. However, most research has been conducted in ethnically homogenous, young or middle-aged populations. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the plasma metabolome and long-term exposure to three air pollutants: particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), PM less than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in an ethnically diverse, older population. METHODS Plasma metabolomic profiles of 107 participants of the Washington Heights and Inwood Community Aging Project in New York City, collected from 1995-2015, including non-Hispanic white, Caribbean Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black older adults were used. We estimated the association between each metabolic feature and predicted annual mean exposure to the air pollutants using three approaches: 1) A metabolome wide association study framework; 2) Feature selection using elastic net regression; and 3) A multivariate approach using partial-least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS 79 features associated with exposure to PM2.5 but none associated with PM10 or NO2. PM2.5 exposure was associated with altered amino acid metabolism, energy production, and oxidative stress response, pathways also associated with Alzheimer's disease. Three metabolites were associated with PM2.5 exposure through all three approaches: cysteinylglycine disulfide, a diglyceride, and a dicarboxylic acid. The relationship between several features and PM2.5 exposure was modified by diet and metabolic diseases. CONCLUSIONS These relationships uncover the mechanisms through which PM2.5 exposure can lead to altered metabolic outcomes in an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin R. Kulick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell S.V. Elkind
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Modifiable risk factors of dementia linked to excitation-inhibition imbalance. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101804. [PMID: 36410620 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence identifies 12 potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia to which 40% of dementia cases are attributed. While the recognition of these risk factors has paved the way for the development of new prevention measures, the link between these risk factors and the underlying pathophysiology of dementia is yet not well understood. A growing number of recent clinical and preclinical studies support a role of Excitation-Inhibition (E-I) imbalance in the pathophysiology of dementia. In this review, we aim to propose a conceptual model on the links between the modifiable risk factors and the E-I imbalance in dementia. This model, which aims to address the current gap in the literature, is based on 12 mediating common mechanisms: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cerebral hypo-perfusion, blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, beta-amyloid deposition, elevated homocysteine level, impaired neurogenesis, tau tangles, GABAergic dysfunction, and glutamatergic dysfunction. We believe this model serves as a framework for future studies in this field and facilitates future research on dementia prevention, discovery of new biomarkers, and developing new interventions.
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19
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Franz CE, Gustavson DE, Elman JA, Fennema-Notestine C, Hagler DJ, Baraff A, Tu XM, Wu TC, DeAnda J, Beck A, Kaufman JD, Whitsel N, Finch CE, Chen JC, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS. Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution and Cognitive Abilities from Midlife to Early Old Age: Modification by APOE Genotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:193-209. [PMID: 36970897 PMCID: PMC10827529 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measures of ambient air pollution are associated with accelerated age-related cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). OBJECTIVE We examined associations between air pollution, four cognitive factors, and the moderating role of apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in the understudied period of midlife. METHODS Participants were ∼1,100 men in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging. Baseline cognitive assessments were from 2003 to 2007. Measures included past (1993-1999) and recent (3 years prior to baseline assessment) PM2.5 and NO2 exposure, in-person assessment of episodic memory, executive function, verbal fluency, and processing speed, and APOE genotype. Average baseline age was 56 years with a 12-year follow-up. Analyses adjusted for health and lifestyle covariates. RESULTS Performance in all cognitive domains declined from age 56 to 68. Higher PM2.5 exposures were associated with worse general verbal fluency. We found significant exposure-by-APOE genotype interactions for specific cognitive domains: PM2.5 with executive function and NO2 with episodic memory. Higher PM2.5 exposure was related to worse executive function in APOE ɛ4 carriers, but not in non-carriers. There were no associations with processing speed. CONCLUSION These results indicate negative effects of ambient air pollution exposure on fluency alongside intriguing differential modifications of cognitive performance by APOE genotype. APOE ɛ4 carriers appeared more sensitive to environmental differences. The process by which air pollution and its interaction with genetic risk for ADRD affects risk for later life cognitive decline or progression to dementia may begin in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol E. Franz
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel E. Gustavson
- Institute for Behavior Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Jeremy A. Elman
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Donald J. Hagler
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aaron Baraff
- Vietnam Era Twin Registry, VA Puget Sound Health Care, Seattle, WA
| | - Xin M. Tu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Tsung-Chin Wu
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Jaden DeAnda
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Asad Beck
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Nathan Whitsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Caleb E. Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael J. Lyons
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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20
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Hu K, He Q. Associations of PM 2.5 intensity and duration with cognitive impairment: A longitudinal analysis of middle-aged and older adults in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114261. [PMID: 36096172 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment; however, the understanding of this association is incomplete. We aimed to explore the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and cognitive function using a prospective cohort of ageing adults, including 19,389 respondents in four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2018) linked with the historical PM2.5 concentrations (2000-2018) in China. By extending the measurement of PM2.5 exposure from exposure intensity (averaged PM2.5 concentrations) to exposure duration (the number of months with higher PM2.5 concentrations), we employed two linear models, the fixed-effect and mixed-effect linear models, to estimate the associations between PM2.5 exposure and cognitive impairment, with adjustments for individual and regional covariates. Our findings show that the higher PM2.5 intensity was associated with worse cognitive function, but the associations were only statistically significant in a longer exposure period (more than one year), especially in the 10-year exposure (Coefficient: -0.13; 95% Confidence Interval: -0.22, -0.04). Similar patterns were seen for fully adjusted models of PM2.5 duration: a longer duration in PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower cognitive scores, and the duration with higher cut-off points had stronger effects on cognitive function except for the duration at 75 μg/m3, suggesting a possible coincidence of increasing air pollution and economic development. The stronger exposure to PM2.5 was associated with poorer cognitive function among Chinese adults, while more work is necessary to explore the causal effect of air pollution, independent of individual and contextual background characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Sociology, School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK.
| | - Qingqing He
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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21
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Andersen ZJ, Zhang J, Jørgensen JT, Samoli E, Liu S, Chen J, Strak M, Wolf K, Weinmayr G, Rodopolou S, Remfry E, de Hoogh K, Bellander T, Brandt J, Concin H, Zitt E, Fecht D, Forastiere F, Gulliver J, Hoffmann B, Hvidtfeldt UA, Monique Verschuren WM, Jöckel KH, So R, Cole-Hunter T, Mehta AJ, Mortensen LH, Ketzel M, Lager A, Leander K, Ljungman P, Severi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Pershagen G, Peters A, Rizzuto D, van der Schouw YT, Schramm S, Stafoggia M, Katsouyanni K, Brunekreef B, Hoek G, Lim YH. Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in a large pooled European cohort: ELAPSE study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107581. [PMID: 36244228 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is an established risk factor for premature mortality from chronic cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic diseases, while evidence on neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders remains limited. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in seven European cohorts. Within the multicenter project 'Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe' (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven European cohorts from six countries. Based on the residential addresses, annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3), and 8 PM2.5 components were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land-use regression models. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide. Of 271,720 participants, 900 died from dementia, 241 from psychiatric disorders, and 164 from suicide, during a mean follow-up of 19.7 years. In fully adjusted models, we observed positive associations of NO2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.13, 1.70 per 10 µg/m3), PM2.5 (HR = 1.29; 95 % CI: 0.98, 1.71 per 5 µg/m3), and BC (HR = 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.69 per 0.5 × 10-5/m) with psychiatric disorders mortality, as well as with suicide (NO2: HR = 1.13 [95 % CI: 0.92, 1.38]; PM2.5: HR = 1.19 [95 % CI: 0.76, 1.87]; BC: HR = 1.08 [95 % CI: 0.87, 1.35]), and no association with dementia mortality. We did not detect any positive associations of O3 and 8 PM2.5 components with any of the three mortality outcomes. Long-term exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC may lead to premature mortality from psychiatric disorders and suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shuo Liu
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sophia Rodopolou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Remfry
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; iClimate, Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria
| | - Emanuel Zitt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine (aks), Bregenz, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine 3, LKH Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Daniela Fecht
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Gulliver
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - W M Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Cole-Hunter
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amar J Mehta
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Lager
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Severi
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne T van der Schouw
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Schramm
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Science Policy & Epidemiology Environmental Research Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Li Z, Christensen GM, Lah JJ, Marcus M, Russell AG, Ebelt S, Waller LA, Hüls A. Neighborhood characteristics as confounders and effect modifiers for the association between air pollution exposure and subjective cognitive functioning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113221. [PMID: 35378125 PMCID: PMC9233127 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has been associated with cognitive function in the elderly. Previous studies have not evaluated the simultaneous effect of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (N-SES), which can be an essential source of bias. OBJECTIVES We explored N-SES as a confounder and effect modifier in a cross-sectional study of air pollution and subjective cognitive function. METHODS We included 12,058 participants age 50+ years from the Emory Healthy Aging Study in Metro Atlanta using the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) score as our outcome, with higher scores representing worse subjective cognitive function. We estimated 9-year average ambient carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations at residential addresses using a fusion of dispersion and chemical transport models. We collected census-tract level N-SES indicators and created two composite measures via principal component analysis and k-means clustering. Associations between pollutants and CFI and effect modification by N-SES were estimated via linear regression models adjusted for age, education, race and N-SES. RESULTS N-SES confounded the association between air pollution and CFI, independent of individual characteristics. We found significant effect modifications by N-SES for the association between air pollution and CFI (p-values<0.001) suggesting that effects of air pollution differ depending on N-SES. Participants living in areas with low N-SES were most vulnerable to air pollution. In the lowest N-SES urban areas, interquartile range (IQR) increases in CO, NOx, and PM2.5 were associated with 5.4% (95%-confidence interval, -0.2,11.3), 4.9% (-0.4,10.4), and 9.8% (2.2,18.0) changes in CFI, respectively. In lowest N-SES suburban areas, IQR increases in CO, NOx, and PM2.5 were associated with higher changes in CFI, namely 13.0% (0.9,26.5), 13.0% (-0.1,27.8), and 17.3% (2.5,34.2), respectively. DISCUSSION N-SES is an important confounder and effect modifier in our study. This finding could have implications for studying health effects of air pollution and identifying susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Li
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Grace M Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michele Marcus
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stefanie Ebelt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lance A Waller
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anke Hüls
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Associations among drinking water quality, dyslipidemia, and cognitive function for older adults in China: evidence from CHARLS. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:683. [PMID: 35982405 PMCID: PMC9386986 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03375-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to examine the association between drinking water quality and cognitive function and to identify the direct and indirect effects of drinking water quality and dyslipidemia on cognitive function among older adults in China. METHODS Primary data for the study were selected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2015) and 4,951 respondents aged 60 and above were included. Data on drinking water quality were selected from the 2015 prefectural water quality data from the Institute of Public and Environment Affairs in China and measured by the Blue City Water Quality Index. Dyslipidemia was measured by self-reported dyslipidemia diagnosis and lipid panel. Three composite measures of cognitive function included mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition. Mixed effects models were conducted to assess the associations between drinking water quality or dyslipidemia and cognitive function. The mediation effects of dyslipidemia were examined by path analyses. RESULTS Exposure to high quality drinking water was significantly associated with higher scores in mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition (β = 0.34, p < 0.001 for mental status; β = 0.24, p < 0.05 for episodic memory; β = 0.58, p < 0.01 for global cognition). Respondents who reported dyslipidemia diagnosis had higher scores in the three composite measures of cognitive function (β = 0.39, p < 0.001 for mental status; β = 0.27 p < 0.05 for episodic memory; β = 0.66, p < 0.001 for global cognition). An elevated blood triglycerides was only associated with higher scores in mental status (β = 0.21, p < 0.05). Self-reported dyslipidemia diagnosis was a suppressor, which increased the magnitude of the direct effect of drinking water quality on mental status, episodic memory, and global cognition. CONCLUSION Drinking water quality was associated with cognitive function in older Chinese and the relationship was independent of natural or socioeconomic variations in neighborhood environments. Improving drinking water quality could be a potential public health effort to delay the onset of cognitive impairment and prevent the dementia pandemic in older people.
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Yao Y, Wang K, Xiang H. Association between cognitive function and ambient particulate matters in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154297. [PMID: 35288137 PMCID: PMC9112163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increasing studies have discussed how ambient air pollution affects cognitive function, however, the results are inconsistent, and such studies are limited in developing countries. To fill the gap, in this study, we aimed to explore the effect of ambient particulate matters (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) on cognitive function of middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. A total of 7928 participants older than 45 were included from CHARLS collected in 2011, 2013, and 2015. Cognitive function was evaluated with two dimensions, the first one was episodic memory and the second dimension was mental status. The total score of cognitive function was the sum of above two dimensions (0-31 points). Participants' exposure to ambient particulate matters was estimated by using a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Linear mixed models were applied to analyze the impact of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 on cognition function. Further interaction analyses were applied to examine the potential effect modifications on the association. After adjusting for confounding factors, we found an IQR increase in all three ambient particulate matters was significantly associated with a decrease in cognitive function score, with the greatest effect in the 90-day exposure window for PM1 (β = -0.227, 95%CI: -0.376, -0.078) and PM2.5 (β = -0.220, 95%CI: -0.341, -0.099). For ambient PM10, the most significant exposure window was 60-day (β = -0.158, 95%CI: -0.274, -0.042). Interaction analyses showed that the PM-cognitive function association could be modified by gender, region, alcohol consumption, smoking, education level, chronic diseases, and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, exposure to ambient particulate matter for a certain period would significantly decrease cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Furthermore, individuals who were female, or lived in the midland of China were more susceptible to the adverse effect of particulate matters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China; Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Ma YH, Chen HS, Liu C, Feng QS, Feng L, Zhang YR, Hu H, Dong Q, Tan L, Kan HD, Zhang C, Suckling J, Zeng Y, Chen RJ, Yu JT. Association of Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution With Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Amyloidosis. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 93:780-789. [PMID: 35953319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution induces neurotoxic reactions and may exert adverse effects on cognitive health. We aimed to investigate whether air pollutants accelerate cognitive decline and affect neurobiological signatures of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We used a population-based cohort from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey with 31,573 participants and a 10-year follow-up (5878 cognitively unimpaired individuals in Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey followed for 5.95 ± 2.87 years), and biomarker-based data from the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and Lifestyle study including 1131 participants who underwent cerebrospinal fluid measurements of AD-related amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins. Cognitive impairment was determined by education-corrected performance on the China-Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Annual exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ground-level ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were estimated at areas of residence. Exposures were aggregated as 2-year averages preceding enrollments using Cox proportional hazards or linear models. RESULTS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 (per 20 μg/m3) increased the risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 1.100; 95% CI: 1.026-1.180), and similar associations were observed from separate cross-sectional analyses. Exposures to O3 and NO2 yielded elevated risk but with nonsignificant estimates. Individuals exposed to high PM2.5 manifested increased amyloid burdens as reflected by cerebrospinal fluid-AD biomarkers. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure-associated decline in global cognition was partly explained by amyloid pathology as measured by cerebrospinal fluid-Aβ42/Aβ40, P-tau/Aβ42, and T-tau/Aβ42, with mediation proportions ranging from 16.95% to 21.64%. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 contributed to the development of cognitive decline, which may be partly explained by brain amyloid accumulation indicative of increased AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Shuai Chen
- School of Business, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Shi Feng
- Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Dong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Medical School of Duke University, Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang L, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Pan X, Zhao D, Wang Q. Green Space, Air Pollution, Weather, and Cognitive Function in Middle and Old Age in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:871104. [PMID: 35586008 PMCID: PMC9108722 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.871104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has shown that environmental hazards, such as limited green space, air pollution, and harmful weather, have the strong adverse impact on older adults' cognitive function; however, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries and limited to cross-sectional analyses. China has the largest aging population in the world so the research evidence from it can offer an insight to the study in other developing countries facing similar issues and inform future public health policy and disease control. This study examined the long-term impact of environmental factors, namely, green space coverage, air pollution, and weather conditions on cognitive function using a nationally representative sample consisting of adults aged 45 years and older selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011–2018), the China City Statistical Yearbook, and other sources. Multilevel growth curve models were utilized for analysis and the mediator effects of physical activity and social engagement on the relationship between environmental factors and cognitive function were examined. Findings of this study showed that after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, annual precipitation of 80 cm or more, living in areas with July temperature of 28°C or higher, urban community, and green space coverage were positively associated with cognition score at the baseline and lower precipitation, urban community, and greater green space coverage were associated with slower cognitive decline over a 7-year period. The impact of gross domestic product (GDP) seemed to take into effect more and more over time. These effects did not substantially change after weekly total hours of physical activities and levels of social engagement were added. More research on the mechanisms of the effect of environmental factors on cognition is needed such as the subgroup analyses and/or with more aspects of environmental measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ye Luo
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Ye Luo
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chen Z, Yu W, Xu R, Karoly PJ, Maturana MI, Payne DE, Li L, Nurse ES, Freestone DR, Li S, Burkitt AN, Cook MJ, Guo Y, Grayden DB. Ambient air pollution and epileptic seizures: a panel study in Australia. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1682-1692. [PMID: 35395096 PMCID: PMC9543609 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence has shown that ambient air pollution affects brain health, but little is known about its effect on epileptic seizures. This work aimed to assess the association between daily exposure to ambient air pollution and the risk of epileptic seizures. METHODS This study used epileptic seizure data from two independent data sources (NeuroVista and Seer App seizure diary). In the NeuroVista dataset, 3273 seizures were recorded using intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) from 15 participants with refractory focal epilepsy in Australia in 2010-2012. In the seizure diary dataset, 3419 self-reported seizures were collected through a mobile application from 34 participants with epilepsy in Australia in 2018-2021. Daily average concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), ozone (O3 ), particulate matter ≤10 μm in diameter (PM10 ), and sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) were retrieved from the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) based on participants' postcodes. A patient-time-stratified case-crossover design with the conditional Poisson regression model was used to determine the associations between air pollutants and epileptic seizures. RESULTS A significant association between CO concentrations and epileptic seizure risks was observed, with an increased seizure risk of 4% (relative risk [RR]: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.07) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase of CO concentrations (0.13 parts per million), while no significant associations were found for the other four air pollutants in the whole study population. Females had a significantly increased risk of seizures when exposing to elevated CO and NO2 , with RR of 1.05 (95% CI: 1.01-1.08) and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.01-1.16), respectively. Additionally, a significant association was observed between CO and the risk of subclinical seizures (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12-1.28). SIGNIFICANCE Daily exposure to elevated CO concentrations may be associated with the increased risk of epileptic seizures, especially for subclinical seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuying Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenhua Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Philippa J Karoly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matias I Maturana
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Seer Medical, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel E Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Seer Medical, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyra Li
- Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ewan S Nurse
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Seer Medical, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony N Burkitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark J Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - David B Grayden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Soares MV, Mesadri J, Gonçalves DF, Cordeiro LM, Franzen da Silva A, Obetine Baptista FB, Wagner R, Dalla Corte CL, Soares FAA, Ávila DS. Neurotoxicity induced by toluene: In silico and in vivo evidences of mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118856. [PMID: 35033616 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toluene is an air pollutant widely used as an organic solvent in industrial production and emitted by fossil fuel combustion, in addition to being used as a drug of abuse. Its toxic effects in the central nervous system have not been well established, and how and which neurons are affected remains unknown. Hence, this study aimed to fill this gap by investigating three central questions: 1) How does toluene induce neurotoxicity? 2) Which neurons are affected? And 3) What are the long-term effects induced by airborne exposure to toluene? To this end, a Caenorhabditis elegans model was employed, in which worms at the fourth larval stage were exposed to toluene in the air for 24 h in a vapor chamber to simulate four exposure scenarios. After the concentration-response curve analysis, we chose scenarios 3 (E3: 792 ppm) and 4 (E4: 1094 ppm) for the following experiments. The assays were performed 1, 48, or 96 h after removal from the exposure environments, and an irreversible reduction in neuron fluorescence and morphologic alterations were observed in different neurons of exposed worms, particularly in the dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, a significant impairment in a dopaminergic-dependent behavior was also associated with negative effects in healthspan endpoints, and we also noted that mitochondria may be involved in toluene-induced neurotoxicity since lower adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels and mitochondrial viability were observed. In addition, a reduction of electron transport chain activity was evidenced using ex vivo protocols, which were reinforced by in silico and in vitro analysis, demonstrating toluene action in the mitochondrial complexes. Based on these findings model, it is plausible that toluene neurotoxicity can be initiated by complex I inhibition, triggering a mitochondrial dysfunction that may lead to irreversible dopaminergic neuronal death, thus impairing neurobehavioral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Valandro Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mesadri
- Departamento: Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciência Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Farina Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Bicca Obetine Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Departamento: Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciência Rurais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Lenz Dalla Corte
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCe), Universidade Federal do Pampa - UNIPAMPA, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Duchesne J, Gutierrez LA, Carrière I, Mura T, Chen J, Vienneau D, de Hoogh K, Helmer C, Jacquemin B, Berr C, Mortamais M. Exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive decline: Results of the prospective Three-City cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107118. [PMID: 35147081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing epidemiological evidence suggests an adverse relationship between exposure to air pollutants and cognitive decline. However, there is still some heterogeneity in the findings, with inconsistent results depending on the pollutant and the cognitive domain considered. We wanted to determine whether air pollution was associated with global and domain-specific cognitive decline. METHODS This analysis used data from the French Three-City prospective cohort (participants aged 65 and older at recruitment and followed for up to 12 years). A battery of cognitive tests was administered at baseline and every 2 years, to assess global cognition (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE), visual memory (Benton Visual Retention Test), semantic fluency (Isaacs Set Test) and executive functions (Trail Making Tests A and B). Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC) at the participants' residential address during the 5 years before the baseline visit was estimated with land use regression models. Linear mixed models and latent process mixed models were used to assess the association of each pollutant with global and domain-specific cognitive decline. RESULTS The participants' (n = 6380) median age was 73.4 years (IQR: 8.0), and 61.5% were women. At baseline, the median MMSE score was 28 (IQR: 3). Global cognition decline, assessed with the MMSE, was slightly accelerated among participants with higher PM2.5 exposure: one IQR increment in PM2.5 (1.5 µg/m3) was associated with accelerated decline (β: -0.0060 [-0.0112; -0.0007] standard unit per year). Other associations were inconsistent in direction, and of small magnitude. CONCLUSION In this large population-based cohort, higher PM2.5 exposure was associated with accelerated global cognition decline. We did not detect any significant association for the specific cognitive domains or the other pollutants. Evidence concerning PM2.5 effects on cognition is growing, but more research is needed on other ambient air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Duchesne
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure-Anne Gutierrez
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibault Mura
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Helmer
- INSERM, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, EHESP, Irset Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR-S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marion Mortamais
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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The pathogenic effects of particulate matter on neurodegeneration: a review. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:15. [PMID: 35189880 PMCID: PMC8862284 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing amount of particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air is a pressing public health issue globally. Epidemiological studies involving data from millions of patients or volunteers have associated PM with increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly and cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative pathology across all age groups, suggesting that PM may be a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases affect an increasing population in this aging society, putting a heavy burden on economics and family. Therefore, understanding the mechanism by which PM contributes to neurodegeneration is essential to develop effective interventions. Evidence in human and animal studies suggested that PM induced neurodenegerative-like pathology including neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and damage in blood–brain barrier and neurovascular units, which may contribute to the increased risk of neurodegeneration. Interestingly, antagonizing oxidative stress alleviated the neurotoxicity of PM, which may underlie the essential role of oxidative stress in PM’s potential effect in neurodegeneration. This review summarized up-to-date epidemiological and experimental studies on the pathogenic role of PM in neurodegenerative diseases and discussed the possible underlying mechanisms.
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Malecki KMC, Andersen JK, Geller AM, Harry GJ, Jackson CL, James KA, Miller GW, Ottinger MA. Integrating Environment and Aging Research: Opportunities for Synergy and Acceleration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:824921. [PMID: 35264945 PMCID: PMC8901047 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.824921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant overlaps in mission, the fields of environmental health sciences and aging biology are just beginning to intersect. It is increasingly clear that genetics alone does not predict an individual’s neurological aging and sensitivity to disease. Accordingly, aging neuroscience is a growing area of mutual interest within environmental health sciences. The impetus for this review came from a workshop hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in June of 2020, which focused on integrating the science of aging and environmental health research. It is critical to bridge disciplines with multidisciplinary collaborations across toxicology, comparative biology, epidemiology to understand the impacts of environmental toxicant exposures and age-related outcomes. This scoping review aims to highlight overlaps and gaps in existing knowledge and identify essential research initiatives. It begins with an overview of aging biology and biomarkers, followed by examples of synergy with environmental health sciences. New areas for synergistic research and policy development are also discussed. Technological advances including next-generation sequencing and other-omics tools now offer new opportunities, including exposomic research, to integrate aging biomarkers into environmental health assessments and bridge disciplinary gaps. This is necessary to advance a more complete mechanistic understanding of how life-time exposures to toxicants and other physical and social stressors alter biological aging. New cumulative risk frameworks in environmental health sciences acknowledge that exposures and other external stressors can accumulate across the life course and the advancement of new biomarkers of exposure and response grounded in aging biology can support increased understanding of population vulnerability. Identifying the role of environmental stressors, broadly defined, on aging biology and neuroscience can similarly advance opportunities for intervention and translational research. Several areas of growing research interest include expanding exposomics and use of multi-omics, the microbiome as a mediator of environmental stressors, toxicant mixtures and neurobiology, and the role of structural and historical marginalization and racism in shaping persistent disparities in population aging and outcomes. Integrated foundational and translational aging biology research in environmental health sciences is needed to improve policy, reduce disparities, and enhance the quality of life for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. C. Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Kristen M. C. Malecki,
| | | | - Andrew M. Geller
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States
| | - G. Jean Harry
- Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chandra L. Jackson
- Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine A. James
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Yao Y, Lv X, Qiu C, Li J, Wu X, Zhang H, Yue D, Liu K, Eshak ES, Lorenz T, Anstey KJ, Livingston G, Xue T, Zhang J, Wang H, Zeng Y. The effect of China's Clean Air Act on cognitive function in older adults: a population-based, quasi-experimental study. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e98-e108. [PMID: 35224526 PMCID: PMC8881012 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution might accelerate cognitive ageing; it is unclear whether large-scale interventions, such as China's Clean Air Act (CCAA), can mitigate cognitive deterioration. We aimed to evaluate the effect of CCAA on changes in cognitive function in older adults. METHODS In this population-based, quasi-experimental study, we did a difference-in-differences analysis of the data collected during the 2014 and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The study design used a counterfactual analysis feature by dividing CLHLS participants into two groups. The intervention group included participants who lived in areas where the provincial government set a target of reducing particulate matter (PM) by at least 5% annually from 2014 onward, whereas the control group consisted of individuals who lived in areas without a PM reduction target. Global cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used fixed-effects models to examine the between-group differences in MMSE score changes before and after CCAA implementation. We associated longitudinal changes in MMSE scores with changes in concentrations of PM with a diameter of less than 2·5 μm (PM2·5) concentration and other regulated pollutants. We used alternative models and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the robustness of the results from the main models. FINDINGS 2812 individuals participated in the 2014 and 2018 surveys (mean age 81·0 years [SD 9·3] in 2014; 1408 [50·1%] female and 1404 [49·9%] male). 2251 (80·0%) were included in the intervention group and 561 (20·0%) in the control group. After controlling for potential confounders, the intervention group had a significantly smaller decline in MMSE scores from 2014 to 2018 compared with the control group: the mean between-group difference was 2·45 points (95% CI 1·32-3·57). Interquartile increases in PM2·5 were associated with a significant MMSE score decline of 0·83 points (95% CI 0·24-1·42); similarly, increases in SO2 were also associated with a significant MMSE score decline of 0·80 points (0·32-1·29). INTERPRETATION Implementing stringent clean air policies might mitigate the risk of air pollutant-associated cognitive ageing in older people. FUNDING National Natural Sciences Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project, the Duke/Duke-National University of Singapore Collaboration Pilot Project, the National Institute on Aging and Peking University-Baidu Fund, Energy Foundation, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
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Younan D, Wang X, Millstein J, Petkus AJ, Beavers DP, Espeland MA, Chui HC, Resnick SM, Gatz M, Kaufman JD, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Manson JE, Rapp SR, Chen JC. Air quality improvement and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older women in the United States: A longitudinal cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003893. [PMID: 35113870 PMCID: PMC8812844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life exposure to ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but epidemiological studies have shown inconsistent evidence for cognitive decline. Air quality (AQ) improvement has been associated with improved cardiopulmonary health and decreased mortality, but to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the association with cognitive function. We examined whether AQ improvement was associated with slower rate of cognitive decline in older women aged 74 to 92 years. METHODS AND FINDINGS We studied a cohort of 2,232 women residing in the 48 contiguous US states that were recruited from more than 40 study sites located in 24 states and Washington, DC from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS)-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes (WHIMS-ECHO) study. They were predominantly non-Hispanic White women and were dementia free at baseline in 2008 to 2012. Measures of annual (2008 to 2018) cognitive function included the modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICSm) and the telephone-based California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). We used regionalized universal kriging models to estimate annual concentrations (1996 to 2012) of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at residential locations. Estimates were aggregated to the 3-year average immediately preceding (recent exposure) and 10 years prior to (remote exposure) WHIMS-ECHO enrollment. Individual-level improved AQ was calculated as the reduction from remote to recent exposures. Linear mixed effect models were used to examine the associations between improved AQ and the rates of cognitive declines in TICSm and CVLT trajectories, adjusting for sociodemographic (age; geographic region; race/ethnicity; education; income; and employment), lifestyle (physical activity; smoking; and alcohol), and clinical characteristics (prior hormone use; hormone therapy assignment; depression; cardiovascular disease (CVD); hypercholesterolemia; hypertension; diabetes; and body mass index [BMI]). For both PM2.5 and NO2, AQ improved significantly over the 10 years before WHIMS-ECHO enrollment. During a median of 6.2 (interquartile range [IQR] = 5.0) years of follow-up, declines in both general cognitive status (β = -0.42/year, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.40) and episodic memory (β = -0.59/year, 95% CI: -0.64, -0.54) were observed. Greater AQ improvement was associated with slower decline in TICSm (βPM2.5improvement = 0.026 per year for improved PM2.5 by each IQR = 1.79 μg/m3 reduction, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.05; βNO2improvement = 0.034 per year for improved NO2 by each IQR = 3.92 parts per billion [ppb] reduction, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06) and CVLT (βPM2.5 improvement = 0.070 per year for improved PM2.5 by each IQR = 1.79 μg/m3 reduction, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.12; βNO2improvement = 0.060 per year for improved NO2 by each IQR = 3.97 ppb reduction, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.12) after adjusting for covariates. The respective associations with TICSm and CVLT were equivalent to the slower decline rate found with 0.9 to 1.2 and1.4 to 1.6 years of younger age and did not significantly differ by age, region, education, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e4 genotypes, or cardiovascular risk factors. The main limitations of this study include measurement error in exposure estimates, potential unmeasured confounding, and limited generalizability. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that greater improvement in long-term AQ in late life was associated with slower cognitive declines in older women. This novel observation strengthens the epidemiologic evidence of an association between air pollution and cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Younan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Beavers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine and Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Wu J, Grande G, Stafoggia M, Ljungman P, Laukka EJ, Eneroth K, Bellander T, Rizzuto D. Air pollution as a risk factor for Cognitive Impairment no Dementia (CIND) and its progression to dementia: A longitudinal study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107067. [PMID: 35032863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Accumulation of evidence has raised concern regarding the harmful effect of air pollution on cognitive function, but results are diverging. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association of long-term exposure to air pollutants and cognitive impairment and its further progression to dementia in older adults residing in an urban area. METHODS Data were obtained from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) was assessed by a comprehensive neuropsychological battery (scoring ≥1.5 standard deviations below age-specific means in ≥1 cognitive domain). We assessed long-term residential exposure to particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) with dispersion modeling. The association with CIND was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with 3-year moving average air pollution exposure. We further estimated the effect of long-term air pollution exposure on the progression of CIND to dementia using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Among 1987 cognitively intact participants, 301 individuals developed CIND during the 12-year follow-up. A 1-μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 75% increased risk of incident CIND (HR = 1.75, 95 %CI: 1.54, 1.99). Weaker associations were found for PM10 (HR for 1-μg/m3 = 1.08, 95 %CI: 1.03-1.14) and NOx (HR for 10 μg/m3 = 1.18, 95 %CI: 1.04-1.33). Among those with CIND at baseline (n = 607), 118 participants developed dementia during follow-up. Results also show that exposure to air pollution was a risk factor for the conversion from CIND to dementia (PM2.5: HR for 1-μg/m3 = 1.90, 95 %CI: 1.48-2.43; PM10: HR for 1-μg/m3 = 1.14, 95 %CI: 1.03-1.26; and NOx: HR for 10 μg/m3 = 1.34, 95 %CI: 1.07-1.69). CONCLUSION We found evidence of an association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and incidence of CIND. Of special interest is that air pollution also was a risk factor for the progression from CIND to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Service, ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm Sweden
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Eneroth
- Environment and Health Administration, City of Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine (IMM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhai D, Cao L, Zhou Y, Liu H, Shi M, Wei Y, Xia Y. The effect of water source on cognitive functioning in Chinese adults: A cross-sectional and follow-up study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113156. [PMID: 34979313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of water source on cognitive functioning is poorly understood. The present study explored the associations between water source and cognition in 9921 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cognitive functioning was measured from three aspects: orientation and attention, episodic memory, and visuo-construction. Water sources included tap and non-tap water. Generalized linear models and multiple logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the associations of cognitive scores with water source among the whole population and different subgroups. Results from cross-sectional analysis reported that participants without access to tap water showed a lower cognitive score (β = - 0.57; 95% CI: - 0.74, - 0.39) than those with tap water as a water source; and this phenomenon was pronounced for both sexes and across all residences. During 4-years' follow-up, a greater decline of cognitive score was associated with no tap water use in the lowest quartile of baseline cognitive scores (β = - 0.67; 95% CI: - 1.26, - 0.08). Additionally, the utilization rate of tap water was lower in rural areas compared to urban areas. The lowest utilization rates were observed in urban areas of the Anhui province (0.38 in 2011 and 0.55 in 2015) and in rural areas of Inner Mongolia (0.09 in 2011 and 0.20 in 2015). These findings suggest that having no tap water may be a risk factor for cognition impairment, particularly for those with a low basic cognition score. Additionally, our results support the need to expand tap water use in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daokuan Zhai
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Limin Cao
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyuan Shi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingliang Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Garcia MA, Warner DF, García C, Downer B, Raji M. Age Patterns in Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment Among Older Latino Subgroups and Non-Latino Whites in the United States, 1997-2018: Implications for Public Health Policy. Innov Aging 2021; 5:igab039. [PMID: 34917774 PMCID: PMC8670720 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives U.S. Latinos are a heterogeneous population with unique characteristics related to individual-level socioeconomic and contextual factors based on nativity status and country of origin. Population aging and greater public awareness of dementia may contribute to an increasing prevalence of self-reported cognitive impairment. However, population-level trends in self-reported cognitive impairment among Latinos are unclear and it is unknown whether there are differences among Latino subgroups. Thus, this study aims to examine heterogeneity in self-reported cognitive impairment among older U.S. Latino subgroups. Research Design and Methods We used data from the 1997-2018 National Health Interview Survey to document age-specific patterns in self-reported cognitive impairment among U.S.-born Mexican, foreign-born Mexican, island-born Puerto Rican, foreign-born Cuban, and U.S.-born non-Latino Whites aged 60 and older. We estimated hierarchical age-period-cohort cross-classified random effects models (HAPC-CCREM) to isolate age patterns in self-reported cognitive impairment across disaggregated Latino subgroups and U.S.-born non-Latino Whites. Results The overall prevalence of self-reported cognitive impairment increased from 6.0% in 1997 to 7.1% in 2018. This increase was evident among U.S.-born non-Latino Whites and U.S.-born and foreign-born Mexicans but not other Latino subgroups. Fully adjusted HAPC-CCREM estimates indicated that Latinos were more likely to self-report cognitive impairment than U.S-born non-Latino Whites (b = 0.371, p < .001). When disaggregated by Latino subgroup, the difference in the likelihood for self-reported cognitive impairment compared to U.S.-born non-Latino Whites was greatest for island-born Puerto Ricans (b = 0.598, p < .001) and smallest for foreign-born Cubans (b = 0.131, p > .05). Discussion and Implications We found evidence of considerable heterogeneity in the age patterns of self-reported cognitive impairment among U.S. Latino subgroups. We also detected large differences in the likelihood for self-reported cognitive impairment between U.S. Latino subgroups compared to U.S.-born non-Latino Whites. These results underscore the importance of differentiating between unique Latino subpopulations when studying population-level trends in cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Garcia
- Department of Sociology, Aging Studies Institute, Center for Aging and Policy Studies, Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, Maxwell School of Citizenship & Public Affairs, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - David F Warner
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center of Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Catherine García
- Department of Human Development & Family Science, Aging Studies Institute, Center for Aging and Policy Studies, Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Brian Downer
- Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Mukaila Raji
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Saenz JL, Adar SD, Zhang YS, Wilkens J, Chattopadhyay A, Lee J, Wong R. Household use of polluting cooking fuels and late-life cognitive function: A harmonized analysis of India, Mexico, and China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106722. [PMID: 34182193 PMCID: PMC8380666 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to high levels of air pollution is associated with poor health, including worse cognitive function. Whereas many studies of cognition have assessed outdoor air pollution, we evaluate how exposure to air pollution from combustion of polluting household fuels relates with cognitive function using harmonized data from India, Mexico, and China. MATERIALS & METHODS We analyze adults age 50+ in three nationally representative studies of aging with common data collection methods: the 2017-2019 Longitudinal Aging Study in India (n = 50,532), 2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 12,883), and 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (n = 12,913). Use of polluting fuels was assessed by self-report of wood, coal, kerosene, crop residue, or dung for cooking. Cognitive function was measured by performance across several cognitive domains and summarized into a total cognition score. We used linear regression, by country, to test how polluting cooking fuel use relates with cognition adjusting for key demographic and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Approximately 47%, 12%, and 48% of respondents in India, Mexico, and China, respectively, relied primarily on polluting cooking fuel, which was more common in rural areas. Using polluting cooking fuels was consistently associated with poorer cognitive function in all countries, independent of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Adjusted differences in cognitive function between individuals using polluting and clean cooking fuel were equivalent to differences observed between individuals who were 3 years of age apart in Mexico and China and 6 years of age apart in India. Across countries, associations between polluting cooking fuel use and poorer cognition were larger for women. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that household air pollution from the use of polluting cooking fuel may play an important role in shaping cognitive outcomes of older adults in countries where reliance on polluting fuels for domestic energy needs still prevails. As these countries continue to age, public health efforts should seek to reduce reliance on these fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Saenz
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuan S Zhang
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jenny Wilkens
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aparajita Chattopadhyay
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebeca Wong
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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Zhang T, Sun L, Wang T, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhang C, Yu L. Gestational exposure to PM 2.5 leads to cognitive dysfunction in mice offspring via promoting HMGB1-NLRP3 axis mediated hippocampal inflammation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112617. [PMID: 34385058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 is recently identified as a kind of material possessing severe biohazard. It can enter human body and exerts pathological effects on lung, eyes, and the central nervous system (CNS). Maternal exposure to PM2.5 can affect neural development and cause cognitive decline in offspring, with the underlying mechanisms unclear, however. The inflammasome monitors and responds to biological stressors, with HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis as an essential pathophysiological player outside the brain. The present work is to investigate its role in cognitive impairment induced by gestational exposure to PM2.5 in mice offspring. We found that HMGB1-NLRP3 pathway was activated in the hippocampus of mice offspring by gestational exposure to PM2.5 in a dose-dependent manner, with protein levels of HMGB1, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 as approximately three times as high as those of control. And down-regulating HMGB1 during pregnancy could alleviate the resultant impairment on learning and working memory as well as hippocampal neurons, up-regulate the synapse related proteins of SYP and PSD-95 and correct the increased expression of 5-HT2A to comparable levels to control, as well as inhibiting the activation of microglia and decreasing the expression of HMGB1 and Iba1/HMGB1 double positive cells in the hippocampus of mice offspring. Meanwhile, protein levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB, and MAPKs, were almost down-regulated to those of control. Therefore, HMGB1 intervention inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome mediated hippocampal inflammatory response through TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviating PM2.5-induced cognitive dysfunction. Further in vitro results suggest that PM2.5 can activate microglia and HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis. Pretreatment with HMGB1 inhibitor significantly reduced the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κB, and inhibited the inflammatory response mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome similarly to those in vivo. These results suggest that PM2.5 exposure promotes the inflammatory response in hippocampus mediated by HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammatory axis in microglia, resulting in cognitive dysfunction in offspring, which could be alleviated by simultaneous HMGB1 suppression. These findings provide a theoretical basis for preventing cognitive impairment in offspring caused by environmental pollution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Neurologic Disorders and Regeneration Repair Lab of Shandong Higher Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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Mac Domhnaill C, Douglas O, Lyons S, Murphy E, Nolan A. Road traffic noise and cognitive function in older adults: a cross-sectional investigation of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1814. [PMID: 34625043 PMCID: PMC8501545 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization published updated Environmental Noise Guidelines in 2018. Included are recommended limit values for environmental noise exposure based on systematic reviews for a range of health outcomes, including cognitive impairment. There is emerging evidence in the literature that chronic exposure to road traffic noise may affect cognitive function in older adults, but this relationship is not well established. This study spatially linked nationally representative health microdata from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing to building-level modelled noise data for two cities in the Republic of Ireland. This was used to investigate associations between exposure to road traffic noise and cognitive function in a sample of older adults, independent of a range of socio-demographic and behavioural characteristics, as well as exposure to air pollution. Methods We used the Predictor-LimA Advanced V2019.02 software package to estimate noise originating from road traffic for the cities of Dublin and Cork in Ireland according to the new common noise assessment methodology for the European Union (CNOSSOS-EU). Noise exposure values were calculated for each building and spatially linked with geo-coded TILDA microdata for 1706 individuals aged 54 and over in the two cities. Ordinary least squares linear regression models were estimated for eight standardised cognitive tests including noise exposure as an independent variable, with standard errors clustered at the household level. Models were adjusted for individual sociodemographic, behavioural and environmental characteristics. Results We find some evidence that road traffic noise exposure is negatively associated with executive function, as measured by the Animal Naming Test, among our sample of older adults. This association appears to be accounted for by exposure to air pollution when focusing on a sub-sample. We do not find evidence of an association between noise exposure and memory or processing speed. Conclusions Long term exposure to road traffic noise may be negatively associated with executive function among older adults. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11853-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Mac Domhnaill
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Owen Douglas
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seán Lyons
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Murphy
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Nolan
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland. .,Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Papazoglou A, Arshaad MI, Henseler C, Daubner J, Broich K, Haenisch B, Weiergräber M. The Janus-like Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 18:453-469. [PMID: 34587884 PMCID: PMC8778640 DOI: 10.2174/1567205018666210929144740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early pharmacoepidemiological studies suggested that Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) might increase the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and non-AD related dementias. These findings were supported by preclinical studies, specifically stressing the proamyloidogenic and indirect anticholinergic effects of PPIs. However, further large-scale pharmacoepidemiological studies showed inconsistent results on the association between PPIs and dementia. Pharmacodynamically, these findings might be related to the LXR/RXR-mediated amyloid clearance effect and anti-inflammatory action of PPIs. Further aspects that influence PPI effects on AD are related to patient-specific pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic characteristics. In conclusion, a personalized (individualized) medicinal approach is necessary to model and predict the potential harmful or beneficial effects of PPIs in AD and non-AD-related dementias in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad I Arshaad
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM) 53127, Kurt-Georg- Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Haenisch
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM) 53127, Kurt-Georg- Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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Weuve J, Bennett EE, Ranker L, Gianattasio KZ, Pedde M, Adar SD, Yanosky JD, Power MC. Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:96001. [PMID: 34558969 PMCID: PMC8462495 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a devastating neurologic condition that is common in older adults. We previously reviewed the epidemiological evidence examining the hypothesis that long-term exposure to air pollution affects dementia risk. Since then, the evidence base has expanded rapidly. OBJECTIVES With this update, we collectively review new and previously identified epidemiological studies on air pollution and late-life cognitive health, highlighting new developments and critically discussing the merits of the evidence. METHODS Using a registered protocol (PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020152943), we updated our literature review to capture studies published through 31 December 2020, extracted data, and conducted a bias assessment. RESULTS We identified 66 papers (49 new) for inclusion in this review. Cognitive level remained the most commonly considered outcome, and particulate matter (PM) remained the most commonly considered air pollutant. Since our prior review, exposure estimation methods in this research have improved, and more papers have looked at cognitive change, neuroimaging, and incident cognitive impairment/dementia, though methodological concerns remain common. Many studies continue to rely on administrative records to ascertain dementia, have high potential for selection bias, and adjust for putative mediating factors in primary models. A subset of 35 studies met strict quality criteria. Although high-quality studies of fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ) and cognitive decline generally supported an adverse association, other findings related to PM 2.5 and findings related to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μ m (PM 10 , NO 2 , and NO x ) were inconclusive, and too few papers reported findings with ozone to comment on the likely direction of association. Notably, only a few findings on dementia were included for consideration on the basis of quality criteria. DISCUSSION Strong conclusions remain elusive, although the weight of the evidence suggests an adverse association between PM 2.5 and cognitive decline. However, we note a continued need to confront methodological challenges in this line of research. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8716.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin E. Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lynsie Ranker
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kan Z. Gianattasio
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Meredith Pedde
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sara D. Adar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeff D. Yanosky
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melinda C. Power
- Department of Epidemiology, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
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42
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Saenz JL. Solid cooking fuel use and cognitive decline among older Mexican adults. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1522-1532. [PMID: 33896051 PMCID: PMC8380681 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies of air pollution and cognition often rely on measures from outdoor environments. Many individuals in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to indoor air pollution from combustion of solid cooking fuels. Little is known about how solid cooking fuel use affects cognitive decline over time. This study uses data from the 2012, 2015, and 2018 Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 14 245, age 50+) to assess how use of wood or coal for cooking fuel affects cognition of older adults relative to use of gas. It uses latent change score modeling to determine how using solid cooking fuel affected performance in Verbal Learning, Verbal Recall, Visual Scanning, and Verbal Fluency. Solid cooking fuel was used by 17% of the full sample but was more common in rural areas. Solid fuel users also had lower socioeconomic status. Compared to those using gas, solid fuel users had lower baseline scores and faster decline in Verbal Learning (β = -0.18, p < 0.05), Visual Scanning (β = -1.00, p < 0.001), and Verbal Fluency (β = -0.33, p < 0.001). Indoor air pollution from solid cooking fuels may represent a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. Policy should focus on facilitating access to clean cooking fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Saenz
- University of Southern California, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA
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43
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Wang X, Younan D, Petkus AJ, Beavers DP, Espeland MA, Chui HC, Resnick SM, Gatz M, Kaufman JD, Wellenius GA, Whitsel EA, Manson JE, Chen JC. Ambient Air Pollution and Long-Term Trajectories of Episodic Memory Decline among Older Women in the WHIMS-ECHO Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97009. [PMID: 34516296 PMCID: PMC8437247 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodic memory decline varies by age and underlying neuropathology. Whether ambient air pollution contributes to the heterogeneity of episodic memory decline in older populations remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and episodic memory decline according to pollutant, exposure time window, age, and latent class subgroups defined by episodic memory trajectories. METHODS Participants were from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study-Epidemiology of Cognitive Health Outcomes. Older women (n = 2,056 ; 74-92 years of age) completed annual (2008-2018) episodic memory assessments using the telephone-based California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). We estimated 3-y average fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 )] and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposures at baseline and 10 y earlier (recent and remote exposures, respectively), using regionalized national universal kriging. Separate latent class mixed models were used to estimate associations between interquartile range increases in exposures and CVLT trajectories in women ≤ 80 and > 80 years of age , adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Two latent classes were identified for women ≤ 80 years of age (n = 828 ), "slow-decliners" {slope = - 0.12 / y [95% confidence interval (CI): - 0.23 , - 0.01 ] and "fast-decliners" [slope = - 1.79 / y (95% CI: - 2.08 , - 1.50 )]}. In the slow-decliner class, but not the fast-decliner class, PM 2.5 exposures were associated with a greater decline in CVLT scores over time, with a stronger association for recent vs. remote exposures [- 0.16 / y (95% CI: - 2.08 , - 0.03 ) per 2.88 μ g / m 3 and - 0.11 / y (95% CI: - 0.22 , 0.01) per 3.27 μ g / m 3 , respectively]. Among women ≥ 80 years of age (n = 1,128 ), the largest latent class comprised "steady-decliners" [slope = - 1.35 / y (95% CI: - 1.53 , - 1.17 )], whereas the second class, "cognitively resilient", had no decline in CVLT on average. PM 2.5 was not associated with episodic memory decline in either class. A 6.25 -ppb increase in recent NO 2 was associated with nonsignificant acceleration of episodic memory decline in the ≤ 80 -y-old fast-decliner class [- 0.21 / y (95% CI: - 0.45 , 0.04)], and in the > 80 -y-old cognitively resilient class [- 0.10 / y (95% CI: - 0.24 , 0.03)] and steady-decliner class [- 0.11 / y (95% CI: - 0.27 , 0.05)]. Associations with recent NO 2 exposure in women > 80 years of age were stronger and statistically significant when 267 women with incident probable dementia were excluded [e.g., - 0.12 / y (95% CI: - 0.22 , - 0.02 ) for the cognitively resilient class]. In contrast with changes in CVLT over time, there were no associations between exposures and CVLT scores during follow-up in any subgroup. DISCUSSION In a community-dwelling U.S. population of older women, associations between late-life exposure to ambient air pollution and episodic memory decline varied by age-related cognitive trajectories, exposure time windows, and pollutants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7668.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Younan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew J. Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel P. Beavers
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine (General Internal Medicine), and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Dos Santos NV, Yariwake VY, Marques KDV, Veras MM, Fajersztajn L. Air Pollution: A Neglected Risk Factor for Dementia in Latin America and the Caribbean. Front Neurol 2021; 12:684524. [PMID: 34367051 PMCID: PMC8339300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.684524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) rises with increasing age and polluted air. Currently, at least 172 million people breathe unhealthy levels of air pollution in LAC countries. Several cohort studies have indicated that air pollution increases the risk of developing dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms underlying the association are still not clear. Air pollution causes and aggravates five established risk factors for dementia (obesity, hypertension, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and heart diseases) and is linked to three other risk factors (physical inactivity, cognitive inactivity, and depression). Some of these risk factors could be mediating the association between air pollution and dementia. Reducing the risks for dementia is crucial and urgently needed in LAC countries. There is room for improving air quality in many urban areas in the LAC region and other low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), a routealready explored by many urban areas in developing regions. Moreover, reducing air pollution has proved to improve health outcomes before. In this article, we propose that despite the ongoing and valid scientific discussion, if air pollution can or cannot directly affect the brain and cause or aggravate dementia, we are ready to consider air pollution as a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia in LAC and possibly in other LMICs. We suggest that controlling and reducing current air pollution levels in LAC and other LMIC regions now could strongly contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Villa Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Saude Ambiental, Faculdade de Saude Publica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor Yuji Yariwake
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Matera Veras
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Fajersztajn
- Laboratório de Poluição Ambiental, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jo S, Kim YJ, Park KW, Hwang YS, Lee SH, Kim BJ, Chung SJ. Association of NO2 and Other Air Pollution Exposures With the Risk of Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:800-808. [PMID: 33999109 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance The development of Parkinson disease (PD) may be promoted by exposure to air pollution. Objective To investigate the potential association between exposure to particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) and the risk of incident PD. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Among the 1 021 208 Korean individuals in the database, those who had lived in Seoul from January 2002 to December 2006 (n = 176 875) were screened for eligibility. A total of 78 830 adults older than 40 years without PD and who lived in Seoul between January 2002 and December 2006 were included in this study. Individuals diagnosed with PD before 2006 (n = 159) and individuals 40 years or younger (n = 97 886) were excluded. Each participant was followed up with annually from January 2007 to December 2015, thereby adding up to 757 704 total person-years of follow-up. Data were analyzed from January to September 2020. Exposures Individual exposure levels to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, SO2, and CO were estimated based on the participants' residential address at the district level. To evaluate long-term exposure to air pollution, time-varying 5-year mean air pollutant exposure was calculated for each participant. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome measure was the association between air pollution and the risk of incident PD measured as hazard ratios after adjusting for demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, and medical comorbidities. Results At baseline, the mean (SD) age of the 78 830 participants was 54.4 (10.7) years, and 41 070 (52.1%) were female. A total of 338 individuals with newly diagnosed PD were identified during the study period. Exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase in risk of PD (hazard ratio for highest vs lowest quartile, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.95; P for trend = .045). No statistically significant associations between exposure to PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, or CO and PD incidence were found. Conclusions and Relevance In this large cohort study, a statistically significant association between NO2 exposure and PD risk was identified. This finding suggests the role of air pollutants in PD development, advocating for the need to implement a targeted public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyang Jo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kye Won Park
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Su Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the challenges of providing equitable health care for people with dementia in the United States. An estimated 6.2 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer's dementia today. This number could grow to 13.8 million by 2060 barring the development of medical breakthroughs to prevent, slow or cure AD. Official death certificates recorded 121,499 deaths from AD in 2019, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth-leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from stroke, heart disease and HIV decreased, whereas reported deaths from AD increased more than 145%. This trajectory of deaths from AD was likely exacerbated in 2020 by the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 11 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 15.3 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias in 2020. These figures reflect a decline in the number of caregivers compared with a decade earlier, as well as an increase in the amount of care provided by each remaining caregiver. Unpaid dementia caregiving was valued at $256.7 billion in 2020. Its costs, however, extend to family caregivers' increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes - costs that have been aggravated by COVID-19. Average per-person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2021 for health care, long-term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $355 billion. Despite years of efforts to make health care more equitable in the United States, racial and ethnic disparities remain - both in terms of health disparities, which involve differences in the burden of illness, and health care disparities, which involve differences in the ability to use health care services. Blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans and Native Americans continue to have a higher burden of illness and lower access to health care compared with Whites. Such disparities, which have become more apparent during COVID-19, extend to dementia care. Surveys commissioned by the Alzheimer's Association recently shed new light on the role of discrimination in dementia care, the varying levels of trust between racial and ethnic groups in medical research, and the differences between groups in their levels of concern about and awareness of Alzheimer's disease. These findings emphasize the need to increase racial and ethnic diversity in both the dementia care workforce and in Alzheimer's clinical trials.
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Prada D, Belsky D, Baccarelli A. Is your environment making you older? Molecular biomarkers and new approaches to investigate the influences of environmental chemicals through aging. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2021; 112:8-14. [PMID: 33635291 PMCID: PMC8023055 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v112i1.10826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in system integrity that occurs with advancing chronological age. Although it is a physiological process, aging is associated with a myriad of age-related diseases (ARDs), including frailty, sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. While not exclusively ARDs, many of these diseases lead to death, a lesser quality of life, and increased healthcare costs for individuals and systems. ARDs share several underlying molecular mechanisms, such as cellular damage, inflammation, DNA methylation changes, stem cells exhaustion, and DNA mutations, which have been outlined as hallmarks of aging. Evidence suggests that environmental exposures, including but not limited to metals, air pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and noise, may accelerate biological aging. Over the past few years, aging research has identified new molecular biomarkers of the aging process. When applied to investigate environmental influences, these biomarkers can help identify individuals who are particularly susceptible to the influences of environmental exposures on aging processes and therefore guide in implementing possible preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diddier Prada
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Belsky
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health .
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Association between solid fuel use and cognitive decline among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3634. [PMID: 33574406 PMCID: PMC7878745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate (1) the association between solid fuel use for cooking and cognitive function; (2) the moderating effects of gender and residential area on cognitive scores among solid fuel users; and (3) the effects of solid fuel use on cognitive decline among different gender and age subgroups in 2011–2018. A total of 5140 Chinese middle-aged and elderly participants were successfully followed for 7 years (2011–2018). Solid fuel use was self-reported as using solid fuel for cooking at home, and cognitive function was assessed by 4 parts: episodic memory, time orientation, numerical ability and picture drawing. After adjusting for covariates, solid fuel users had lower cognitive scores, and the moderation effects of gender and residence on cognitive function were significant among the solid fuel users. In addition, compared with the group of clean fuel users, solid fuel users had a faster decline rate of cognitive function among the subgroups of female and elderly people.
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49
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Elavsky S, Jandačková V, Knapová L, Vašendová V, Sebera M, Kaštovská B, Blaschová D, Kühnová J, Cimler R, Vilímek D, Bosek T, Koenig J, Jandačka D. Physical activity in an air-polluted environment: behavioral, psychological and neuroimaging protocol for a prospective cohort study (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment study - Program 4). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:126. [PMID: 33435943 PMCID: PMC7801866 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution has been linked to increased mortality and morbidity. The Program 4 of the Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment study investigates whether the health and wellbeing benefits of physical activity (PA) can be fully realized in individuals living in highly polluted environments. Herein, we introduce the behavioral, psychological and neuroimaging protocol of the study. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of N = 1500 individuals aged 18–65 years comparing: (1) individuals living in the highly polluted, industrial region surrounding the city of Ostrava (n = 750), and (2) controls from the comparison region with relative low pollution levels in Southern Bohemia (n = 750). Quota sampling is used to obtain samples balanced on age, gender, PA status (60% active runners vs. 40% insufficiently active). Participants are screened and complete baseline assessments through online questionnaires and in-person lab-based assessments of physiological, biomechanical, neuroimaging and cognitive function parameters. Prospective 12-month intensive monitoring of air pollution and behavioral parameters (PA, inactivity, and sleep) follows, with a focus on PA-related injuries and psychological factors through fitness trackers, smartphones, and mobile apps. Subsequently, there will be a 5-year follow-up of the study cohort. Discussion The design of the study will allow for (1) the assessment of both short-term variation and long-term change in behavioral parameters, (2) evaluation of the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and psychological factors impacting behavior and injury recovery, and (3) the impact that air pollution status (and change) has on behavior, psychological resilience, and injury recovery. Furthermore, the integration of MRI techniques and cognitive assessment in combination with data on behavioral, biological and environmental variables will provide an opportunity to examine brain structure and cognitive function in relation to health behavior and air pollution, as well as other factors affecting resilience against and vulnerability to adverse changes in brain structure and cognitive aging. This study will help inform individuals about personal risk factors and decision-makers about the impact of environmental factors on negative health outcomes and potential underlying biological, behavioral and psychological mechanisms. Challenges and opportunities stemming from the timing of the study that coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elavsky
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic. .,Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - V Jandačková
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - L Knapová
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Vašendová
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - M Sebera
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - B Kaštovská
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - D Blaschová
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - J Kühnová
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - R Cimler
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - D Vilímek
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - T Bosek
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - J Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Jandačka
- Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Russ TC, Cherrie MP, Dibben C, Tomlinson S, Reis S, Dragosits U, Vieno M, Beck R, Carnell E, Shortt NK, Muniz-Terrera G, Redmond P, Taylor AM, Clemens T, van Tongeren M, Agius RM, Starr JM, Deary IJ, Pearce JR. Life Course Air Pollution Exposure and Cognitive Decline: Modelled Historical Air Pollution Data and the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1063-1074. [PMID: 33427734 PMCID: PMC7990442 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution has been consistently linked with dementia and cognitive decline. However, it is unclear whether risk is accumulated through long-term exposure or whether there are sensitive/critical periods. A key barrier to clarifying this relationship is the dearth of historical air pollution data. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the feasibility of modelling historical air pollution data and using them in epidemiologicalmodels. METHODS Using the EMEP4UK atmospheric chemistry transport model, we modelled historical fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations for the years 1935, 1950, 1970, 1980, and 1990 and combined these with contemporary modelled data from 2001 to estimate life course exposure in 572 participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 with lifetime residential history recorded. Linear regression and latent growth models were constructed using cognitive ability (IQ) measured by the Moray House Test at the ages of 11, 70, 76, and 79 years to explore the effects of historical air pollution exposure. Covariates included sex, IQ at age 11 years, social class, and smoking. RESULTS Higher air pollution modelled for 1935 (when participants would have been in utero) was associated with worse change in IQ from age 11-70 years (β = -0.006, SE = 0.002, p = 0.03) but not cognitive trajectories from age 70-79 years (p > 0.05). There was no support for other critical/sensitive periods of exposure or an accumulation of risk (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The life course paradigm is essential in understanding cognitive decline and this is the first study to examine life course air pollution exposure in relation to cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C. Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Chris Dibben
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sam Tomlinson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Truro, UK
| | - Ulrike Dragosits
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Rachel Beck
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Ed Carnell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Bush Estate, Penicuik, UK
| | - Niamh K. Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele M. Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom Clemens
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Raymond M. Agius
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M. Starr
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jamie R. Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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