1
|
Riva N, Domi T, Pozzi L, Lunetta C, Schito P, Spinelli EG, Cabras S, Matteoni E, Consonni M, Bella ED, Agosta F, Filippi M, Calvo A, Quattrini A. Update on recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2024; 271:4693-4723. [PMID: 38802624 PMCID: PMC11233360 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the last few years, our understanding of disease molecular mechanisms underpinning ALS has advanced greatly, allowing the first steps in translating into clinical practice novel research findings, including gene therapy approaches. Similarly, the recent advent of assistive technologies has greatly improved the possibility of a more personalized approach to supportive and symptomatic care, in the context of an increasingly complex multidisciplinary line of actions, which remains the cornerstone of ALS management. Against this rapidly growing background, here we provide an comprehensive update on the most recent studies that have contributed towards our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, the latest results from clinical trials as well as the future directions for improving the clinical management of ALS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Riva
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Teuta Domi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pozzi
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Neurorehabilitation Unit of Milan Institute, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Paride Schito
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cabras
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Matteoni
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Consonni
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dalla Bella
- 3Rd Neurology Unit and Motor Neuron Disease Centre, Fondazione IRCCS "Carlo Besta" Neurological Insitute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute Huniversity, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute Huniversity, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin; SC Neurologia 1U, AOU città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aaltio J, Etula A, Ojanen S, Brilhante V, Lönnqvist T, Isohanni P, Suomalainen A. Genetic etiology of progressive pediatric neurological disorders. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:102-111. [PMID: 37563452 PMCID: PMC10798881 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to characterize molecular diagnoses in patients with childhood-onset progressive neurological disorders of suspected genetic etiology. METHODS We studied 48 probands (age range from newborn to 17 years old) with progressive neurological disorders of unknown etiology from the largest pediatric neurology clinic in Finland. Phenotypes included encephalopathy (54%), neuromuscular disorders (33%), movement disorders (11%), and one patient (2%) with hemiplegic migraine. All patients underwent whole-exome sequencing and disease-causing genes were analyzed. RESULTS We found 20 (42%) of the patients to have variants in genes previously associated with disease. Of these, 12 were previously reported disease-causing variants, whereas eight patients had a novel variant on a disease-causing gene: ATP7A, CHD2, PURA, PYCR2, SLC1A4, SPAST, TRIT1, and UPF3B. Genetics also enabled us to define atypical clinical presentations of Rett syndrome (MECP2) and Menkes disease (ATP7A). Except for one deletion, all findings were single-nucleotide variants (missense 72%, truncating 22%, splice-site 6%). Nearly half of the variants were de novo. CONCLUSIONS The most common cause of childhood encephalopathies are de novo variants. Whole-exome sequencing, even singleton, proved to be an efficient tool to gain specific diagnoses and in finding de novo variants in a clinically heterogeneous group of childhood encephalopathies. IMPACT Whole-exome sequencing is useful in heterogeneous pediatric neurology cohorts. Our article provides further evidence for and novel variants in several genes. De novo variants are an important cause of childhood encephalopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juho Aaltio
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Etula
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Ojanen
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginia Brilhante
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Lönnqvist
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Isohanni
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang H, Mei Q, Wang Y, He J, Shao E, Fernandez J, Gu Y. Understanding foot conditions, morphologies and functions in children: a current review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1192524. [PMID: 37539437 PMCID: PMC10395104 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1192524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study provided a comprehensive updated review of the biological aspects of children foot morphology across different ages, sex, and weight, aiming to reveal the patterns of normal and pathological changes in children feet during growth and development. This review article comprised 25 papers in total that satisfied the screening standards. The aim was to investigate how weight changes, age and sex affect foot type, and gain a deeper understanding of the prevalent foot deformities that occur during children growth. Three different foot morphological conditions were discussed, specifically including the effect of sex and age differences, the effect of weight changes, and abnormal foot morphologies commonly documented during growth. This review found that sex, age, and weight changes would affect foot size, bony structure, foot posture, and plantar pressures during child growth. As a result of this biological nature, the children's feet generally exhibit neutral and internally rotated foot postures, which frequently lead to abnormal foot morphologies (e.g., flat foot, pronated foot, etc.). In the future, attention shall be paid to the causal factors leading to specific foot morphologies during the growth and development of children. However, sufficient evidence could not be provided due to a relatively short period of investigation and non-uniformed research methodology in the current literature. A more comprehensive and in-depth exploration is recommended to provide scientific evidence for the discovery of children foot development and personalized growth pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanhui Jiang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichang Mei
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yuan Wang
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junhao He
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Enze Shao
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cantarero L, García-Vargas G, Hoenicka J, Palau F. Differential effects of Mendelian GDAP1 clinical variants on mitochondria-lysosome membrane contacts sites. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059707. [PMID: 36912213 PMCID: PMC10110396 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GDAP1 pathogenic variants cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. CMT-GDAP1 can be axonal or demyelinating, with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, leading to phenotypic heterogeneity. Recessive GDAP1 variants cause a severe phenotype, whereas dominant variants are associated with a milder disease course. GDAP1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in mitochondrial membrane contact sites (MCSs) with the plasmatic membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lysosomes. In GDAP1-deficient models, the pathophysiology includes morphological defects in mitochondrial network and ER, impaired Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial MCSs defects. Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiology of dominant variants is less understood. Here, we study the effect upon mitochondria-lysosome MCSs of two GDAP1 clinical variants located in the α-loop interaction domain of the protein. p.Thr157Pro dominant variant causes the increase in these MCSs that correlates with a hyper-fissioned mitochondrial network. In contrast, p.Arg161His recessive variant, which is predicted to significantly change the contact surface of GDAP1, causes decreased contacts with more elongated mitochondria. Given that mitochondria-lysosome MCSs regulate Ca2+ transfer from the lysosome to mitochondria, our results support that GDAP1 clinical variants have different consequences for Ca2+ handling and that could be primary insults determining differences in severity between dominant and recessive forms of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cantarero
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela García-Vargas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetic Medicine – IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Higuchi Y, Takashima H. Clinical genetics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:199-214. [PMID: 35304567 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent research in the field of inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease has helped identify the causative genes provided better understanding of the pathogenesis, and unraveled potential novel therapeutic targets. Several reports have described the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, molecular pathogenesis, and novel causative genes for CMT/IPNs in Japan. Based on the functions of the causative genes identified so far, the following molecular and cellular mechanisms are believed to be involved in the causation of CMTs/IPNs: myelin assembly, cytoskeletal structure, myelin-specific transcription factor, nuclear related, endosomal sorting and cell signaling, proteasome and protein aggregation, mitochondria-related, motor proteins and axonal transport, tRNA synthetases and RNA metabolism, and ion channel-related mechanisms. In this article, we review the epidemiology, genetic diagnosis, and clinicogenetic characteristics of CMT in Japan. In addition, we discuss the newly identified novel causative genes for CMT/IPNs in Japan, namely MME and COA7. Identification of the new causes of CMT will facilitate in-depth characterization of the underlying molecular mechanisms of CMT, leading to the establishment of therapeutic approaches such as drug development and gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodriguez-Hernandez A, Mayo M, Jauregui L, Patel P. Autosomal dominant GDAP1 mutation with severe phenotype and respiratory involvement: A case report. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905725. [PMID: 36353131 PMCID: PMC9637907 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive motor and sensory neuropathy. CMT is a multi-gene disorder with several possible mutations responsible for a wide range of clinical presentations. A specific mutation of the ganglioside-induced-differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene is associated with the axonal subtype of CMT (CMT2K) which is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, as well as the demyelinating subtype (CMT4A) which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Phenotypic disease expression is largely dependent on these inheritance patterns. While the autosomal recessive form (CMT4A) exhibits severe disease with an early onset, the autosomal dominant variant (CMT2K) tends to have milder phenotypes and a later onset. We describe an atypical presentation of a patient with severe CMT2K with rapidly progressive polyneuropathy, respiratory failure, and dysphonia. We suggest that this case will inspire further evaluation of disease heterogeneity and variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Adrian Rodriguez-Hernandez
| | - Meagan Mayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Lilibeth Jauregui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Neurology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kabzińska D, Chabros K, Kamińska J, Kochański A. The GDAP1 p.Glu222Lys Variant-Weak Pathogenic Effect, Cumulative Effect of Weak Sequence Variants, or Synergy of Both Factors? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091546. [PMID: 36140714 PMCID: PMC9498914 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot−Marie−Tooth disorders (CMT) represent a highly heterogeneous group of diseases of the peripheral nervous system in which more than 100 genes are involved. In some CMT patients, a few weak sequence variants toward other CMT genes are detected instead of one leading CMT mutation. Thus, the presence of a few variants in different CMT-associated genes raises the question concerning the pathogenic status of one of them. In this study, we aimed to analyze the pathogenic effect of c.664G>A, p.Glu222Lys variant in the GDAP1 gene, whose mutations are known to be causative for CMT type 4A (CMT4A). Due to low penetrance and a rare occurrence limited to five patients from two Polish families affected by the CMT phenotype, there is doubt as to whether we are dealing with real pathogenic mutation. Thus, we aimed to study the pathogenic effect of the c.664G>A, p.Glu222Lys variant in its natural environment, i.e., the neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line. Additionally, we have checked the pathogenic status of p.Glu222Lys in the broader context of the whole exome. We also have analyzed the impact of GDAP1 gene mutations on the morphology of the transfected cells. Despite the use of several tests to determine the pathogenicity of the p.Glu222Lys variant, we cannot point to one that would definitively solve the problem of pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chabros
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jerath NU. Mild Late-Onset Sensory Neuropathy Associated with Heterozygous Missense GDAP1 Variants. Case Rep Med 2022; 2022:7492077. [PMID: 35656516 PMCID: PMC9155904 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7492077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the clinical and electrophysiological findings of four subjects with a pathogenic heterozygous GDAP1 variant causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2K (CMT2K) and one additional subject with an uncertain GDAP1 variant and clinical findings of CMT 2K. The study evaluated these five subjects using clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and genetic testing. The findings showed that clinical features demonstrated no pes cavus, no significant weakness in the hands or feet, normal reflexes in four out of the five subjects, and mild to normal electrodiagnostic findings. The variant was associated with painful and numb feet with diminished sensation to pinprick. This study suggests that GDAP1 variants may be associated with very mild, predominantly sensory Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, warranting continuing research for this type of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita U. Jerath
- AdventHealth Neuroscience Institute, 1573 West Fairbanks Avenue, Suite 210 Winter Park, Orlando, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sutinen A, Nguyen GTT, Raasakka A, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H, Bartesaghi L, Ruskamo S, Kursula P. Structural insights into Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-linked mutations in human GDAP1. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1306-1324. [PMID: 35509130 PMCID: PMC9249340 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral polyneuropathy in humans, and its different subtypes are linked to mutations in dozens of different genes. Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause two types of CMT, demyelinating CMT4A and axonal CMT2K. The GDAP1-linked CMT genotypes are mainly missense point mutations. Despite clinical profiling and in vivo studies on the mutations, the etiology of GDAP1-linked CMT is poorly understood. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural properties of the Finnish founding CMT2K mutation H123R as well as CMT2K-linked R120W, both of which are autosomal dominant mutations. The disease variant proteins retain close to normal structure and solution behaviour, but both present a significant decrease in thermal stability. Using GDAP1 variant crystal structures, we identify a side chain interaction network between helices ⍺3, ⍺6, and ⍺7, which is affected by CMT mutations, as well as a hinge in the long helix ⍺6, which is linked to structural flexibility. Structural analysis of GDAP1 indicates that CMT may arise from disruption of specific intra- and intermolecular interaction networks, leading to alterations in GDAP1 structure and stability, and eventually, insufficient motor and sensory neuron function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Giang Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, Neurology, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park NY, Kwak G, Doo HM, Kim HJ, Jang SY, Lee YI, Choi BO, Hong YB. Farnesol Ameliorates Demyelinating Phenotype in a Cellular and Animal Model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2011-2021. [PMID: 34889893 PMCID: PMC8928981 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically heterogeneous disease affecting the peripheral nervous system that is caused by either the demyelination of Schwann cells or degeneration of the peripheral axon. Currently, there are no treatment options to improve the degeneration of peripheral nerves in CMT patients. In this research, we assessed the potency of farnesol for improving the demyelinating phenotype using an animal model of CMT type 1A. In vitro treatment with farnesol facilitated myelin gene expression and ameliorated the myelination defect caused by PMP22 overexpression, the major causative gene in CMT. In vivo administration of farnesol enhanced the peripheral neuropathic phenotype, as shown by rotarod performance in a mouse model of CMT1A. Electrophysiologically, farnesol-administered CMT1A mice exhibited increased motor nerve conduction velocity and compound muscle action potential compared with control mice. The number and diameter of myelinated axons were also increased by farnesol treatment. The expression level of myelin protein zero (MPZ) was increased, while that of the demyelination marker, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), was reduced by farnesol administration. These data imply that farnesol is efficacious in ameliorating the demyelinating phenotype of CMT, and further elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of farnesol’s effect on myelination might provide a potent therapeutic strategy for the demyelinating type of CMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Park
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Geon Kwak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Myung Doo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - So-Young Jang
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea; (G.K.); (H.-M.D.); (H.-J.K.)
- Samsung Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (Y.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2762 (Y.-B.H.); Fax: +82-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2971 (Y.-B.H.)
| | - Young-Bin Hong
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
- Departments of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49201, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.-O.C.); (Y.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-2-3410-1296 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2762 (Y.-B.H.); Fax: +82-3410-0052 (B.-O.C.); +82-51-240-2971 (Y.-B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lehtilahti M, Kallio M, Majamaa K, Kärppä M. Phenotype of Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth With the p.His123Arg Mutation in GDAP1 in Northern Finland. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e629. [PMID: 34632054 PMCID: PMC8495501 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene cause autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Our aim was to study the clinical phenotype of patients with CMT caused by heterozygous p.His123Arg in GDAP1. Methods Twenty-three Finnish patients were recruited from a population-based cohort and through family investigation. Each patient was examined clinically and electrophysiologically. The Neuropathy Symptom Score and the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) were used in clinical evaluation. Results The median age at onset of symptoms was 17 years among patients with p.His123Arg in GDAP1. Motor symptoms were markedly more common than sensory symptoms at onset. All patients had distal weakness in lower extremities, and 17 (74%) patients had proximal weakness. Muscle atrophy and pes cavus were also common. Nineteen (82%) patients had sensory symptoms such as numbness or pain. The disease progressed with age, and the NDS increased 8.5 points per decade. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed length-dependent, sensory and motor axonal polyneuropathy. EDx findings were asymmetrical in 14 patients. Genealogic study of the families suggested a founder effect. Discussion We found that CMT in patients with p.His123Arg in GDAP1 is relatively mild and slow in progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lehtilahti
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Kärppä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McCray BA, Scherer SS. Axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: from Common Pathogenic Mechanisms to Emerging Treatment Opportunities. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2269-2285. [PMID: 34606075 PMCID: PMC8804038 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies are a genetically and phenotypically diverse group of disorders that lead to degeneration of peripheral neurons with resulting sensory and motor dysfunction. Genetic neuropathies that primarily cause axonal degeneration, as opposed to demyelination, are most often classified as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) and are the focus of this review. Gene identification efforts over the past three decades have dramatically expanded the genetic landscape of CMT and revealed several common pathological mechanisms among various forms of the disease. In some cases, identification of the precise genetic defect and/or the downstream pathological consequences of disease mutations have yielded promising therapeutic opportunities. In this review, we discuss evidence for pathogenic overlap among multiple forms of inherited neuropathy, highlighting genetic defects in axonal transport, mitochondrial dynamics, organelle-organelle contacts, and local axonal protein translation as recurrent pathological processes in inherited axonal neuropathies. We also discuss how these insights have informed emerging treatment strategies, including specific approaches for single forms of neuropathy, as well as more general approaches that have the potential to treat multiple types of neuropathy. Such therapeutic opportunities, made possible by improved understanding of molecular and cellular pathogenesis and advances in gene therapy technologies, herald a new and exciting phase in inherited peripheral neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett A. McCray
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Steven S. Scherer
- Department of Neurology, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paß T, Wiesner RJ, Pla-Martín D. Selective Neuron Vulnerability in Common and Rare Diseases-Mitochondria in the Focus. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:676187. [PMID: 34295920 PMCID: PMC8290884 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.676187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of neurodegeneration within the central and peripheral nervous system, highlighting a strong dependence on proper mitochondrial function of neurons with especially high energy consumptions. The fitness of mitochondria critically depends on preservation of distinct processes, including the maintenance of their own genome, mitochondrial dynamics, quality control, and Ca2+ handling. These processes appear to be differently affected in common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as in rare neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and peripheral neuropathies. Strikingly, particular neuron populations of different morphology and function perish in these diseases, suggesting that cell-type specific factors contribute to the vulnerability to distinct mitochondrial defects. Here we review the disruption of mitochondrial processes in common as well as in rare neurological disorders and its impact on selective neurodegeneration. Understanding discrepancies and commonalities regarding mitochondrial dysfunction as well as individual neuronal demands will help to design new targets and to make use of already established treatments in order to improve treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Paß
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang H, Guo C, Xie J, Pan J, Huang Y, Li M, Guo Y. Case report: exome sequencing achieved a definite diagnosis in a Chinese family with muscle atrophy. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:96. [PMID: 33653295 PMCID: PMC7923504 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to large genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, the conventional workup for Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) diagnosis is often underpowered, leading to diagnostic delay or even lack of diagnosis. In the present study, we explored how bioinformatics analysis on whole-exome sequencing (WES) data can be used to diagnose patients with CMT disease efficiently. Case presentation The proband is a 29-year-old female presented with a severe amyotrophy and distal skeletal deformity that plagued her family for over 20 years since she was 5-year-old. No other aberrant symptoms were detected in her speaking, hearing, vision, and intelligence. Similar symptoms manifested in her younger brother, while her parents and her older brother showed normal. To uncover the genetic causes of this disease, we performed exome sequencing for the proband and her parents. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis on the KGGSeq platform and further Sanger sequencing identified a novel homozygous GDAP1 nonsense mutation (c.218C > G, p.Ser73*) that responsible for the family. This genetic finding then led to a quick diagnosis of CMT type 4A (CMT4A), confirmed by nerve conduction velocity and electromyography examination of the patients. Conclusions The patients with severe muscle atrophy and distal skeletal deformity were caused by a novel homozygous nonsense mutation in GDAP1 (c.218C > G, p.Ser73*), and were diagnosed as CMT4A finally. This study expanded the mutation spectrum of CMT disease and demonstrated how affordable WES could be effectively employed for the clinical diagnosis of unexplained phenotypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-021-02093-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunmiao Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian University of Medical Science, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jingxin Pan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian University of Medical Science, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miaoxin Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yibin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control (SYSU), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schiavon CR, Shadel GS, Manor U. Impaired Mitochondrial Mobility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624823. [PMID: 33598463 PMCID: PMC7882694 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive, peripheral neuropathy and the most commonly inherited neurological disorder. Clinical manifestations of CMT mutations are typically limited to peripheral neurons, the longest cells in the body. Currently, mutations in at least 80 different genes are associated with CMT and new mutations are regularly being discovered. A large portion of the proteins mutated in axonal CMT have documented roles in mitochondrial mobility, suggesting that organelle trafficking defects may be a common underlying disease mechanism. This review will focus on the potential role of altered mitochondrial mobility in the pathogenesis of axonal CMT, highlighting the conceptional challenges and potential experimental and therapeutic opportunities presented by this "impaired mobility" model of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara R. Schiavon
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nguyen GTT, Sutinen A, Raasakka A, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Kursula P. Structure of the Complete Dimeric Human GDAP1 Core Domain Provides Insights into Ligand Binding and Clustering of Disease Mutations. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:631232. [PMID: 33585569 PMCID: PMC7873046 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.631232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders. Despite the common involvement of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) in CMT, the protein structure and function, as well as the pathogenic mechanisms, remain unclear. We determined the crystal structure of the complete human GDAP1 core domain, which shows a novel mode of dimerization within the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. The long GDAP1-specific insertion forms an extended helix and a flexible loop. GDAP1 is catalytically inactive toward classical GST substrates. Through metabolite screening, we identified a ligand for GDAP1, the fatty acid hexadecanedioic acid, which is relevant for mitochondrial membrane permeability and Ca2+ homeostasis. The fatty acid binds to a pocket next to a CMT-linked residue cluster, increases protein stability, and induces changes in protein conformation and oligomerization. The closest homologue of GDAP1, GDAP1L1, is monomeric in its full-length form. Our results highlight the uniqueness of GDAP1 within the GST family and point toward allosteric mechanisms in regulating GDAP1 oligomeric state and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cantarero L, Juárez-Escoto E, Civera-Tregón A, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Roldán M, Benítez R, Hoenicka J, Palau F. Mitochondria-lysosome membrane contacts are defective in GDAP1-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3589-3605. [PMID: 33372681 PMCID: PMC7823109 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GDAP1 gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. GDAP1 is an atypical glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the outer mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial membrane contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (MAMs). Here, we investigate the role of this GST in the autophagic flux and the membrane contact sites (MCSs) between mitochondria and lysosomes in the cellular pathophysiology of GDAP1 deficiency. We demonstrate that GDAP1 participates in basal autophagy and that its depletion affects LC3 and PI3P biology in autophagosome biogenesis and membrane trafficking from MAMs. GDAP1 also contributes to the maturation of lysosome by interacting with PYKfyve kinase, a pH-dependent master lysosomal regulator. GDAP1 deficiency causes giant lysosomes with hydrolytic activity, a delay in the autophagic lysosome reformation, and TFEB activation. Notably, we found that GDAP1 interacts with LAMP-1, which supports that GDAP1-LAMP-1 is a new tethering pair of mitochondria and lysosome membrane contacts. We observed mitochondria-lysosome MCSs in soma and axons of cultured mouse embryonic motor neurons and human neuroblastoma cells. GDAP1 deficiency reduces the MCSs between these organelles, causes mitochondrial network abnormalities, and decreases levels of cellular glutathione (GSH). The supply of GSH-MEE suffices to rescue the lysosome membranes and the defects of the mitochondrial network, but not the interorganelle MCSs nor early autophagic events. Overall, we show that GDAP1 enables the proper function of mitochondrial MCSs in both degradative and nondegradative pathways, which could explain primary insults in GDAP1-related CMT pathophysiology, and highlights new redox-sensitive targets in axonopathies where mitochondria and lysosomes are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cantarero
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Elena Juárez-Escoto
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Azahara Civera-Tregón
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Sanz
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Mónica Roldán
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, IPER, Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Raúl Benítez
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Automatic Control Department and Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Clinic Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mutations in GDAP1 Influence Structure and Function of the Trans-Golgi Network. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020914. [PMID: 33477664 PMCID: PMC7831947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heritable neurodegenerative disease that displays great genetic heterogeneity. The genes and mutations that underlie this heterogeneity have been extensively characterized by molecular genetics. However, the molecular pathogenesis of the vast majority of CMT subtypes remains terra incognita. Any attempts to perform experimental therapy for CMT disease are limited by a lack of understanding of the pathogenesis at a molecular level. In this study, we aim to identify the molecular pathways that are disturbed by mutations in the gene encoding GDAP1 using both yeast and human cell, based models of CMT-GDAP1 disease. We found that some mutations in GDAP1 led to a reduced expression of the GDAP1 protein and resulted in a selective disruption of the Golgi apparatus. These structural alterations are accompanied by functional disturbances within the Golgi. We screened over 1500 drugs that are available on the market using our yeast-based CMT-GDAP1 model. Drugs were identified that had both positive and negative effects on cell phenotypes. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of the Golgi apparatus playing a role in the pathology of CMT disorders. The drugs we identified, using our yeast-based CMT-GDAP1 model, may be further used in translational research.
Collapse
|
19
|
Recent Advances in Drosophila Models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197419. [PMID: 33049996 PMCID: PMC7582988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited peripheral neuropathies. CMT patients typically show slowly progressive muscle weakness and sensory loss in a distal dominant pattern in childhood. The diagnosis of CMT is based on clinical symptoms, electrophysiological examinations, and genetic testing. Advances in genetic testing technology have revealed the genetic heterogeneity of CMT; more than 100 genes containing the disease causative mutations have been identified. Because a single genetic alteration in CMT leads to progressive neurodegeneration, studies of CMT patients and their respective models revealed the genotype-phenotype relationships of targeted genes. Conventionally, rodents and cell lines have often been used to study the pathogenesis of CMT. Recently, Drosophila has also attracted attention as a CMT model. In this review, we outline the clinical characteristics of CMT, describe the advantages and disadvantages of using Drosophila in CMT studies, and introduce recent advances in CMT research that successfully applied the use of Drosophila, in areas such as molecules associated with mitochondria, endosomes/lysosomes, transfer RNA, axonal transport, and glucose metabolism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rzepnikowska W, Kaminska J, Kabzińska D, Kochański A. Pathogenic Effect of GDAP1 Gene Mutations in a Yeast Model. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030310. [PMID: 32183277 PMCID: PMC7140815 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether a newly identified sequence variant is truly a causative mutation is a central problem of modern clinical genetics. In the current era of massive sequencing, there is an urgent need to develop new tools for assessing the pathogenic effect of new sequence variants. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorders (CMT) with their extreme genetic heterogeneity and relatively homogenous clinical presentation, addressing the pathogenic effect of rare sequence variants within 80 CMT genes is extremely challenging. The presence of multiple rare sequence variants within a single CMT-affected patient makes selection for the strongest one, the truly causative mutation, a challenging issue. In the present study we propose a new yeast-based model to evaluate the pathogenic effect of rare sequence variants found within the one of the CMT-associated genes, GDAP1. In our approach, the wild-type and pathogenic variants of human GDAP1 gene were expressed in yeast. Then, a growth rate and mitochondrial morphology and function of GDAP1-expressing strains were studied. Also, the mutant GDAP1 proteins localization and functionality were assessed in yeast. We have shown, that GDAP1 was not only stably expressed but also functional in yeast cell, as it influenced morphology and function of mitochondria and altered the growth of a mutant yeast strain. What is more, the various GDAP1 pathogenic sequence variants caused the specific for them effect in the tests we performed. Thus, the proposed model is suitable for validating the pathogenic effect of known GDAP1 mutations and may be used for testing of unknown sequence variants found in CMT patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-60-86-526
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Novel GDAP1 Mutation in a Vietnamese Family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7132494. [PMID: 31179332 PMCID: PMC6507255 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7132494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Mutations of GDAP1 gene cause autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and over 80 different mutations have been identified so far. This study analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of a Vietnamese CMT family that was affected by a novel GDAP1 mutation. Methods We present three children of a family with progressive weakness, mild sensory loss, and absent tendon reflexes. Electrodiagnostic analyses displayed an axonal type of neuropathy in affected patients. Sequencing of GDAP1 gene was requested for all members of the family. Results All affected individuals manifested identical clinical symptoms of motor and sensory impairments within the first three years of life, and nerve conduction study indicated the axonal degeneration. A homozygous GDAP1 variant (c.667_671dup) was found in the three affected children as recessive inheritance pattern. The mutation leads to a premature termination codon that shortens GDAP1 protein (p.Gln224Hisfs∗37). Further testing showed heterozygous c.667_671dup variant in the parents. Discussion Our study expands the mutational spectrum of GDAP1-related CMT disease with the new and unreported GDAP1 variant. Alterations in GDAP1 gene should be evaluated as CMT causing variants in the Vietnamese population, predominantly axonal form of neuropathy in CMT disease.
Collapse
|
22
|
Qin L, Yang C, Lü T, Li L, Zong D, Wu Y. [Analysis of GDAP1 gene mutation in a pedigree with autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:63-68. [PMID: 30692068 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the molecular genetic mechanism of Charcot- Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in a pedigree. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the family members of a pedigree with autosomal dominant CMT disease, and 65 candidate genes of the proband were screened using target exon capture and the next generation sequencing, and the suspicious genes were verified using Sanger sequencing. PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN and SIFT software were used to predict the function of the mutant genes, and PyMOL-1 software was used to simulate the mutant protein structure. RESULTS A heterozygous missense mutation [c.371A>G (p.Y124C)] was detected in exon 3 of GDAP1 gene of the proband. This heterozygous mutation was also detected in both the proband's mother and her brother, but not in her father. Multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that tyrosine at codon 124 of GDAP1 protein was highly conserved. All the 3 prediction software predicted that the mutation was harmful. Molecular structure simulation showed a weakened interaction force between the amino acid residues at codon 124 and the surrounding amino acid residues to affect the overall stability of the protein. CONCLUSIONS The mutation of GDAP1 gene may be related to the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant AD-CMT in this pedigree. The newly discovered c.371A>G mutation (p.Y124C) expands the mutation spectrum of GDAP1 gene, but further study is needed to clarify the underlying pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Canhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tianming Lü
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lanying Li
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dandan Zong
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yueying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Pakhrin PS, Xie Y, Hu Z, Li X, Liu L, Huang S, Wang B, Yang Z, Zhang J, Liu X, Xia K, Tang B, Zhang R. Genotype–phenotype correlation and frequency of distribution in a cohort of Chinese Charcot–Marie–Tooth patients associated with GDAP1 mutations. J Neurol 2018; 265:637-646. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-8743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
25
|
Rzepnikowska W, Kochański A. A role for the GDAP1 gene in the molecular pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Similar clinical, pathological, and genetic features in Chinese patients with autosomal recessive and dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2K. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:760-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
27
|
Sivera R, Frasquet M, Lupo V, García-Sobrino T, Blanco-Arias P, Pardo J, Fernández-Torrón R, de Munain AL, Márquez-Infante C, Villarreal L, Carbonell P, Rojas-García R, Segovia S, Illa I, Frongia AL, Nascimento A, Ortez C, García-Romero MDM, Pascual SI, Pelayo-Negro AL, Berciano J, Guerrero A, Casasnovas C, Camacho A, Esteban J, Chumillas MJ, Barreiro M, Díaz C, Palau F, Vílchez JJ, Espinós C, Sevilla T. Distribution and genotype-phenotype correlation of GDAP1 mutations in Spain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6677. [PMID: 28751717 PMCID: PMC5532232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GDAP1 gene can cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. These mutations are quite rare in most Western countries but not so in certain regions of Spain or other Mediterranean countries. This cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with GDAP1 mutations across Spain. 99 patients were identified, which were distributed across most of Spain, but especially in the Northwest and Mediterranean regions. The most common genotypes were p.R120W (in 81% of patients with autosomal dominant inheritance) and p.Q163X (in 73% of autosomal recessive patients). Patients with recessively inherited mutations had a more severe phenotype, and certain clinical features, like dysphonia or respiratory dysfunction, were exclusively detected in this group. Dominantly inherited mutations had prominent clinical variability regarding severity, including 29% of patients who were asymptomatic. There were minor clinical differences between patients harboring specific mutations but not when grouped according to localization or type of mutation. This is the largest clinical series to date of patients with GDAP1 mutations, and it contributes to define the genetic distribution and genotype-phenotype correlation in this rare form of CMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sivera
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Francesc de Borja, Gandía, Spain.
| | - Marina Frasquet
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Service of Genomics and Traslational Geneticis, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Blanco-Arias
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Torrón
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Network, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Network, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of the Basque Country (EHU-UPV), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Celedonio Márquez-Infante
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Liliana Villarreal
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Carbonell
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Segovia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Lia Frongia
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Fundacion Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Samuel Ignacio Pascual
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital la Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lara Pelayo-Negro
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Network, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)", Santander, Spain.,University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain
| | - José Berciano
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Network, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)", Santander, Spain.,University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Camacho
- Child Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Chumillas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitari I Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Barreiro
- Neuromuscular Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Díaz
- Department of Neurology, Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.,Division of Pediatrics, University of Barcelona School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Vílchez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Service of Genomics and Traslational Geneticis, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Intituto Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yoshimura A, Yuan JH, Hashiguchi A, Hiramatsu Y, Ando M, Higuchi Y, Nakamura T, Okamoto Y, Matsumura K, Hamano T, Sawaura N, Shimatani Y, Kumada S, Okumura Y, Miyahara J, Yamaguchi Y, Kitamura S, Haginoya K, Mitsui J, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Takashima H. Clinical and mutational spectrum of Japanese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease caused by GDAP1 variants. Clin Genet 2017; 92:274-280. [PMID: 28244113 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in GDAP1 are responsible for heterogeneous clinical and electrophysiological phenotypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance pattern. The aim of this study is to identify the clinical and mutational spectrum of CMT patients with GDAP1 variants in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS From April 2007 to October 2014, using three state-of-art technologies, we conducted gene panel sequencing in a cohort of 1,030 patients with inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs), and 398 mutation-negative cases were further analyzed with whole-exome sequencing. RESULTS We identified GDAP1 variants from 10 patients clinically diagnosed with CMT. The most frequent recessive variant in our cohort (5/10), c.740C>T (p.A247V), was verified to be associated with a founder event. We also detected three novel likely pathogenic variants: c.928C>T (p.R310W) and c.546delA (p.E183Kfs*23) in Case 2 and c.376G>A (p.E126K) in Case 8. Nerve conduction study or sural nerve biopsy of all 10 patients indicated axonal type peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSION We identified GDAP1 variants in approximately 1% of our cohort with IPNs, and established a founder mutation in half of these patients. Our study originally described the mutational spectrum and clinical features of GDAP1-related CMT patients in Japan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - J-H Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - A Hashiguchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Y Hiramatsu
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Ando
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Y Higuchi
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Y Okamoto
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - K Matsumura
- Department of Neurology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Hamano
- Department of Neurology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Sawaura
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Y Shimatani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - S Kumada
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Okumura
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - J Miyahara
- Department of Neurology, Tominaga Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Hematology, Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - S Kitamura
- Department of Neurology, Konan Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - K Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - J Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ho CC, Tai SM, Lee ECN, Mak TSH, Liu TKT, Tang VWL, Poon WT. Rapid Identification of Pathogenic Variants in Two Cases of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease by Gene-Panel Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040770. [PMID: 28379183 PMCID: PMC5412354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a common inherited peripheral neuropathy affecting up to 1 in 1214 of the general population with more than 60 nuclear genes implicated in its pathogenesis. Traditional molecular diagnostic pathways based on relative prevalence and clinical phenotyping are limited by long turnaround time, population-specific prevalence of causative variants and inability to assess multiple co-existing variants. In this study, a CMT gene panel comprising 27 genes was used to uncover the pathogenic mutations in two index patients. The first patient is a 15-year-old boy, born of consanguineous parents, who has had frequent trips and falls since infancy, and was later found to have inverted champagne bottle appearance of bilateral legs and foot drop. His elder sister is similarly affected. The second patient is a 37-year-old woman referred for pre-pregnancy genetic diagnosis. During early adulthood, she developed progressive lower limb weakness, difficulties in tip-toe walking and thinning of calf muscles. Both patients are clinically compatible with CMT, have undergone multiple genetic testings and have not previously received a definitive genetic diagnosis. Patients 1 and 2 were found to have pathogenic homozygous HSPB1:NM_001540:c.250G>A (p.G84R) variant and heterozygous GDAP1:NM_018972:c.358C>T (p.R120W) variant, respectively. Advantages and limitations of the current approach are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chun Ho
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shuk-Mui Tai
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Edmond Chi-Nam Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Timothy Shin-Heng Mak
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Timothy Kam-Tim Liu
- Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Victor Wai-Lun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wing-Tat Poon
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Intermediate Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease: an electrophysiological reappraisal and systematic review. J Neurol 2017; 264:1655-1677. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-017-8474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
31
|
González-Sánchez P, Pla-Martín D, Martínez-Valero P, Rueda CB, Calpena E, Del Arco A, Palau F, Satrústegui J. CMT-linked loss-of-function mutations in GDAP1 impair store-operated Ca 2+ entry-stimulated respiration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42993. [PMID: 28220846 PMCID: PMC5318958 DOI: 10.1038/srep42993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GDAP1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. Lack of GDAP1 gives rise to altered mitochondrial networks and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial interactions resulting in a decreased ER-Ca2+ levels along with a defect on store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) related to a misallocation of mitochondria to subplasmalemmal sites. The defect on SOCE is mimicked by MCU silencing or mitochondrial depolarization, which prevent mitochondrial calcium uptake. Ca2+ release from de ER and Ca2+ inflow through SOCE in neuroblastoma cells result in a Ca2+-dependent upregulation of respiration which is blunted in GDAP1 silenced cells. Reduced SOCE in cells with CMT recessive missense mutations in the α-loop of GDAP1, but not dominant mutations, was associated with smaller SOCE-stimulated respiration. These cases of GDAP1 deficiency also resulted in a decreased ER-Ca2+ levels which may have pathological implications. The results suggest that CMT neurons may be under energetic constraints upon stimulation by Ca2+ mobilization agonists and point to a potential role of perturbed mitochondria-ER interaction related to energy metabolism in forms of CMT caused by some of the recessive or null mutations of GDAP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma González-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez-Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Carlos B Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain
| | - Araceli Del Arco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, 46012, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain.,Pediatrics Division, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, 28049, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-FJD, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Molecular pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies: insights from Drosophila models. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 44:61-73. [PMID: 28213160 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies are characterized by degeneration of peripheral motor, sensory and/or autonomic axons, leading to progressive distal muscle weakness, sensory deficits and/or autonomic dysfunction. Acquired peripheral neuropathies, e.g., as a side effect of chemotherapy, are distinguished from inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs). Drosophila models for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and several IPNs have provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying axonal degeneration. Forward genetic screens have predictive value for discovery of human IPN genes, and the pathogenicity of novel mutations in known IPN genes can be evaluated in Drosophila. Future screens for genes and compounds that modify Drosophila IPN phenotypes promise to make valuable contributions to unraveling the molecular pathogenesis and identification of therapeutic targets for these incurable diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
García-Sobrino T, Blanco-Arias P, Palau F, Espinós C, Ramirez L, Estela A, San Millán B, Arias M, Sobrido MJ, Pardo J. Phenotypical features of a new dominant GDAP1 pathogenic variant (p.R226del) in axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:667-672. [PMID: 28236508 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There are few reports on axonal CMT due to dominant GDAP1 mutations. We describe two unrelated Spanish families with a dominant axonal CMT. A novel in frame GAA deletion in exon 5 of the GDAP1 gene (c.677_679del; p.R226del) was identified in both families. Disease onset varied from early childhood to adulthood. Affected family members complained of distal lower limb weakness, cramps and foot deformities with variable CMTNS score in both families. Several individuals were asymptomatic or had paraesthesia only, however neurological examination and nerve conduction studies demonstrated neuropathic signs. Transfection of HeLa cells with the p.R226del mutation led to an increased mitochondrial aggregation. We report an AD-CMT2K with large phenotypic variability due to a novel dominant GDAP1 variant. This is the second founder GDAP1 pathogenic variant reported in Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania García-Sobrino
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Patricia Blanco-Arias
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Department of Genomics and Translational Genetics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Unit for Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Ramirez
- Department of Genomics and Translational Genetics, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Estela
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (CSIC), CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Arias
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Sobrido
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.
| | - Julio Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Neurogenetics Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
López Del Amo V, Palomino-Schätzlein M, Seco-Cervera M, García-Giménez JL, Pallardó FV, Pineda-Lucena A, Galindo MI. A Drosophila model of GDAP1 function reveals the involvement of insulin signalling in the mitochondria-dependent neuromuscular degeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:801-809. [PMID: 28065847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a rare peripheral neuropathy for which there is no specific treatment. Some forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth are due to mutations in the GDAP1 gene. A striking feature of mutations in GDAP1 is that they have a variable clinical manifestation, according to disease onset and progression, histology and mode of inheritance. Studies in cellular and animal models have revealed a role of GDAP1 in mitochondrial morphology and distribution, calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress. To get a better understanding of the disease mechanism we have generated models of over-expression and RNA interference of the Drosophila Gdap1 gene. In order to get an overview about the changes that Gdap1 mutations cause in our disease model, we have combined a comprehensive determination of the metabolic profile in the flies by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with gene expression analyses and biophysical tests. Our results revealed that both up- and down-regulation of Gdap1 results in an early systemic inactivation of the insulin pathway before the onset of neuromuscular degeneration, followed by an accumulation of carbohydrates and an increase in the β-oxidation of lipids. Our findings are in line with emerging reports of energy metabolism impairments linked to different types of neural pathologies caused by defective mitochondrial function, which is not surprising given the central role of mitochondria in the control of energy metabolism. The relationship of mitochondrial dynamics with metabolism during neurodegeneration opens new avenues to understand the cause of the disease, and for the discovery of new biomarkers and treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor López Del Amo
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Marta Seco-Cervera
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 46012 Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 46012 Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico Vicente Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 46012 Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Máximo Ibo Galindo
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain; IDM-Institute of Molecular Recognition, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; UPV-CIPF Joint Unit Disease Mechanisms and Nanomedicine, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huber N, Bieniossek C, Wagner KM, Elsässer HP, Suter U, Berger I, Niemann A. Glutathione-conjugating and membrane-remodeling activity of GDAP1 relies on amphipathic C-terminal domain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36930. [PMID: 27841286 PMCID: PMC5107993 DOI: 10.1038/srep36930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause severe peripheral motor and sensory neuropathies called Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. GDAP1 expression induces fission of mitochondria and peroxisomes by a currently elusive mechanism, while disease causing mutations in GDAP1 impede the protein's role in mitochondrial dynamics. In silico analysis reveals sequence similarities of GDAP1 to glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). However, a proof of GST activity and its possible impact on membrane dynamics are lacking to date. Using recombinant protein, we demonstrate for the first time theta-class-like GST activity for GDAP1, and it's activity being regulated by the C-terminal hydrophobic domain 1 (HD1) of GDAP1 in an autoinhibitory manner. Moreover, we show that the HD1 amphipathic pattern is required to induce membrane dynamics by GDAP1. As both, fission and GST activities of GDAP1, are critically dependent on HD1, we propose that GDAP1 undergoes a molecular switch, turning from a pro-fission active to an auto-inhibited inactive conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Huber
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Bieniossek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Infectious Diseases Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstanze Marion Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Elsässer
- Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathobiology, Philipps University of Marburg, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Imre Berger
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 38042 Grenoble, France
- School of Biochemistry, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Niemann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Labonne JDJ, Lee KH, Iwase S, Kong IK, Diamond MP, Layman LC, Kim CH, Kim HG. An atypical 12q24.31 microdeletion implicates six genes including a histone demethylase KDM2B and a histone methyltransferase SETD1B in syndromic intellectual disability. Hum Genet 2016; 135:757-71. [PMID: 27106595 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletion syndromes are frequent causes of neuropsychiatric disorders leading to intellectual disability as well as autistic features accompanied by epilepsy and craniofacial anomalies. From comparative deletion mapping of the smallest microdeletion to date at 12q24.31, found in a patient with overlapping clinical features of 12q24.31 microdeletion syndrome, we narrowed the putative critical region to 445 kb containing seven genes, one microRNA, and one non-coding RNA. Zebrafish in situ hybridization and comprehensive transcript analysis of annotated genes in the panels of human organ and brain suggest that these are all candidates for neurological phenotypes excluding the gene HPD. This is also corroborated by synteny analysis revealing the conservation of the order of these six candidate genes between humans and zebrafish. Among them, we propose histone demethylase KDM2B and histone methyltransferase SETD1B as the two most plausible candidate genes involved in intellectual disability, autism, epilepsy, and craniofacial anomalies. These two chromatin modifiers located approximately 224 kb apart were both commonly deleted in six patients, while two additional patients had either KDM2B or SETD1B deleted. The four additional candidate genes (ORAI1, MORN3, TMEM120B, RHOF), a microRNA MIR548AQ, and a non-coding RNA LINC01089 are localized between KDM2B and SETD1B. The 12q24.31 microdeletion syndrome with syndromic intellectual disability extends the growing list of microdeletion syndromes and underscores the causative roles of chromatin modifiers in cognitive and craniofacial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D J Labonne
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kang-Han Lee
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21plus), Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Riva N, Agosta F, Lunetta C, Filippi M, Quattrini A. Recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol 2016; 263:1241-54. [PMID: 27025851 PMCID: PMC4893385 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ALS is a relentlessly progressive and fatal disease, with no curative therapies available to date. Symptomatic and palliative care, provided in a multidisciplinary context, still remains the cornerstone of ALS management. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease has advanced greatly over the past years, giving new hope for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Here, we have reviewed the most recent studies that have contributed to improving both clinical management and our understanding of ALS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilo Riva
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Niguarda Ca Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Quattrini
- Neuropathology Unit, INSPE and Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, 20132, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Di Meglio C, Bonello-Palot N, Boulay C, Milh M, Ovaert C, Levy N, Chabrol B. Clinical and allelic heterogeneity in a pediatric cohort of 11 patients carrying MFN2 mutation. Brain Dev 2016; 38:498-506. [PMID: 26686600 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Mitofusin 2 gene (MFN2), which encodes a mitochondrial membrane protein, is known to be the first cause of autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) with early onset. This gene is involved in typical CMT2A and in more atypical phenotypes as optic atrophy or spastic paraplegia. CMT2 refers to inherited axonal polyneuropathy, which associates progressive peripheral motor and sensory neuropathy, a family history consistent mainly with autosomal dominant inheritance, and normal nerve conduction velocities. SUBJECTS Between 1999 and 2012, the genetic diagnosis of MFN2 mutation was made in 11 children who were treated in our department for different neurological symptoms. All data including family and personal history data, results of standardized clinical and electrophysiology testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), neuro-ophthalmic evaluation, muscle biopsy histopathology and molecular diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Five different mutations were found in 6 unrelated families. Three of them have previously been described; the two remaining are new mutations: one of them related a new phenotype. Clinical signs appeared before the age of 6 years in more than half of the patients (54%). The motor deficit was predominant in 8 patients (72%). Two children presented an acute onset of disease that stabilized afterwards; the other children showed a more progressive deterioration that was managed symptomatically. CONCLUSION This large pediatric study describes a great interfamilial and intrafamilial phenotypic variability. We recommend screening this gene in pediatric patient with chronic neurologic symptoms such as motor deficit or optic atrophy but also in acute neurologic deficiencies such as subacute polyradiculoneuritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Di Meglio
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France.
| | | | - Christophe Boulay
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Caroline Ovaert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm UMR_S U910, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Chabrol
- Department of Neuropaediatrics, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ng YS, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial disease: genetics and management. J Neurol 2016; 263:179-91. [PMID: 26315846 PMCID: PMC4723631 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-015-7884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disease is one of the most common groups of genetic diseases with a minimum prevalence of greater than 1 in 5000 in adults. Whilst multi-system involvement is often evident, neurological manifestation is the principal presentation in most cases. The multiple clinical phenotypes and the involvement of both the mitochondrial and nuclear genome make mitochondrial disease particularly challenging for the clinician. In this review article we cover mitochondrial genetics and common neurological presentations associated with adult mitochondrial disease. In addition, specific and supportive treatments are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shiau Ng
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pezzini I, Geroldi A, Capponi S, Gulli R, Schenone A, Grandis M, Doria-Lamba L, La Piana C, Cremonte M, Pisciotta C, Nolano M, Manganelli F, Santoro L, Mandich P, Bellone E. GDAP1 mutations in Italian axonal Charcot–Marie–Tooth patients: Phenotypic features and clinical course. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Martin AM, Maradei SJ, Velasco HM. Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT4A) due to GDAP1 mutation: report of a Colombian family. Colomb Med (Cali) 2015; 46:194-8. [PMID: 26848201 PMCID: PMC4732510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of GDAP1 gene cause autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and more than 40 different mutations have been reported. The recessive Q163X mutation has been described in patients of Spanish ancestry, and a founder mutation in South American patients, originating in Spain has been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE We describe physical and histological features, and the molecular impact of mutation Q163X in a Colombian family. METHODS We report two female patients, daughters of consanguineous parents, with onset of symptoms within the first two years of life, developing severe functional impairment, without evidence of dysmorphic features, hoarseness or diaphragmatic paralysis. Electrophysiology tests showed a sensory and motor neuropathy with axonal pattern. Sequencing of GDAP1 gene was requested and the study identified a homozygous point mutation (c.487 C>T) in exon 4, resulting in a premature stop codon (p.Q163X). This result confirms the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4A. RESULTS The patients were referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation service, in order to be evaluated for ambulation assistance. They have been followed by Pulmonology service, for pulmonary function assessment and diaphragmatic paralysis evaluation. Genetic counseling was offered. The study of the genealogy of the patient, phenotypic features, and electrophysiological findings must be included as valuable tools in the clinical approach of the patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, in order to define a causative mutation. In patients of South American origin, the presence of GDAP1 gene mutations should be considered, especially the Q163X mutation, as the cause of CMT4A disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Kosinska J, Pollak A, Stawinski P, Walczak A, Wasilewska K, Potulska-Chromik A, Szczudlik P, Kaminska A, Ploski R. Exome sequencing reveals mutations in MFN2 and GDAP1 in severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2015; 19:242-5. [PMID: 25403865 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to characterize electrophysiologically and explain the genetic cause of severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) in a 3.5-year-old with asymptomatic parents and a maternal grandfather with a history of mild adult-onset axonal neuropathy. Severity of neuropathy was assessed by Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy score (CMTNS). Whole-exome sequencing was performed using an Illumina TruSeq Exome Enrichment Kit on the HiSeq 1500 with results followed up by Sanger sequencing on an ABI Prism 3500XL (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Paternity was confirmed using a panel of 15 hypervariable markers. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated severe axonal sensory-motor neuropathy in the proband, mild motor neuropathy in his mother, and mild sensory-motor neuropathy in his grandfather. CMTNS in the proband, his mother, and grandfather was 21, 1, and 12, respectively. On genetic analysis, the boy was found to carry a heterozygous dominant MFN2 T236M mutation transmitted via the maternal line and a de novo GDAP1 H123R mutation. Our findings emphasize the need to search for more than one causative mutation when significant intrafamilial variability of CMT phenotype occurs and underline the role of whole-exome sequencing in the diagnosis of compound forms of CMT disease.
Collapse
|
43
|
Niyazov D, Africk D. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Patient with 8q21.11 Deletion and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 2K due to GDAP1 Haploinsufficiency. Mol Syndromol 2015; 6:204-6. [PMID: 26648837 DOI: 10.1159/000440660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Unbalanced chromosomal rearrangements typically cause multiple organ system involvement including neurodevelopmental deficits. It is atypical, however, to experience developmental and neurological regression. We describe a female with intellectual disability, failure to thrive, short stature, multiple congenital anomalies, and dysmorphic features and a previously diagnosed de novo 8q21.11 deletion at the age of 7. However, at the age of 11, she experienced neurological and developmental regression. The GDAP1 gene encoding ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 was deleted in the patient as a part of the contiguous gene syndrome. We argue that haploinsufficiency of GDAP1 could have contributed to the proband's regression based on its involvement in mitochondrial function and a signal transduction pathway in neuronal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Niyazov
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, La., USA
| | - Diane Africk
- Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, La., USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pareyson D, Saveri P, Sagnelli A, Piscosquito G. Mitochondrial dynamics and inherited peripheral nerve diseases. Neurosci Lett 2015; 596:66-77. [PMID: 25847151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerves have peculiar energetic requirements because of considerable length of axons and therefore correct mitochondria functioning and distribution along nerves is fundamental. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the continuous change in size, shape, and position of mitochondria within cells. Abnormalities of mitochondrial dynamics produced by mutations in proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion (mitofusin-2, MFN2), fission (ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein-1, GDAP1), and mitochondrial axonal transport usually present with a Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) phenotype. MFN2 mutations cause CMT type 2A by altering mitochondrial fusion and trafficking along the axonal microtubule system. CMT2A is an axonal autosomal dominant CMT type which in most cases is characterized by early onset and rather severe course. GDAP1 mutations also alter fission, fusion and transport of mitochondria and are associated either with recessive demyelinating (CMT4A) and axonal CMT (AR-CMT2K) and, less commonly, with dominant, milder, axonal CMT (CMT2K). OPA1 (Optic Atrophy-1) is involved in fusion of mitochondrial inner membrane, and its heterozygous mutations lead to early-onset and progressive dominant optic atrophy which may be complicated by other neurological symptoms including peripheral neuropathy. Mutations in several proteins fundamental for the axonal transport or forming the axonal cytoskeleton result in peripheral neuropathy, i.e., CMT, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN), as well as in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Indeed, mitochondrial transport involves directly or indirectly components of the kinesin superfamily (KIF5A, KIF1A, KIF1B), responsible of anterograde transport, and of the dynein complex and related proteins (DYNC1H1, dynactin, dynamin-2), implicated in retrograde flow. Microtubules, neurofilaments, and chaperones such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) also have a fundamental role in mitochondrial transport and mutations in some of related encoding genes cause peripheral neuropathy (TUBB3, NEFL, HSPB1, HSPB8, HSPB3, DNAJB2). In this review, we address the abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics and their role in determining CMT disease and related neuropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pareyson
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Saveri
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sagnelli
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piscosquito
- Clinic of Central and Peripheral Degenerative Neuropathies Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences - IRCCS Foundation, "C. Besta" Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Barneo-Muñoz M, Juárez P, Civera-Tregón A, Yndriago L, Pla-Martin D, Zenker J, Cuevas-Martín C, Estela A, Sánchez-Aragó M, Forteza-Vila J, Cuezva JM, Chrast R, Palau F. Lack of GDAP1 induces neuronal calcium and mitochondrial defects in a knockout mouse model of charcot-marie-tooth neuropathy. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005115. [PMID: 25860513 PMCID: PMC4393229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in GDAP1, which encodes protein located in the mitochondrial outer membrane, cause axonal recessive (AR-CMT2), axonal dominant (CMT2K) and demyelinating recessive (CMT4A) forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Loss of function recessive mutations in GDAP1 are associated with decreased mitochondrial fission activity, while dominant mutations result in impairment of mitochondrial fusion with increased production of reactive oxygen species and susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli. GDAP1 silencing in vitro reduces Ca2+ inflow through store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) upon mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+, likely in association with an abnormal distribution of the mitochondrial network. To investigate the functional consequences of lack of GDAP1 in vivo, we generated a Gdap1 knockout mouse. The affected animals presented abnormal motor behavior starting at the age of 3 months. Electrophysiological and biochemical studies confirmed the axonal nature of the neuropathy whereas histopathological studies over time showed progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the anterior horn of the spinal cord and defects in neuromuscular junctions. Analyses of cultured embryonic MNs and adult dorsal root ganglia neurons from affected animals demonstrated large and defective mitochondria, changes in the ER cisternae, reduced acetylation of cytoskeletal α-tubulin and increased autophagy vesicles. Importantly, MNs showed reduced cytosolic calcium and SOCE response. The development and characterization of the GDAP1 neuropathy mice model thus revealed that some of the pathophysiological changes present in axonal recessive form of the GDAP1-related CMT might be the consequence of changes in the mitochondrial network biology and mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interaction leading to abnormalities in calcium homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Barneo-Muñoz
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Juárez
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - Azahara Civera-Tregón
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Yndriago
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Pla-Martin
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Zenker
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Cuevas-Martín
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Estela
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Aragó
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza-Vila
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesc Palau
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Valencia and Madrid, Spain
- University of Castilla-La Mancha School of Medicine at Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:999-1009. [PMID: 25326399 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a common neurogenetic disorder and its heterogeneity is a challenge for genetic diagnostics. The genetic diagnostic procedures for a CMT patient can be explored according to the electrophysiological criteria: very slow motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) (<15 m/s), slow MNCV (15-25 m/s), intermediate MNCV (25-45 m/s), and normal MNCV (>45 m/s). Based on the inheritance pattern, intermediate CMT can be divided into dominant (DI-CMT) and recessive types (RI-CMT). GJB1 is currently considered to be associated with X-linked DI-CMT, and MPZ, INF2, DNM2, YARS, GNB4, NEFL, and MFN2 are associated with autosomal DI-CMT. Moreover, GDAP1, KARS, and PLEKHG5 are associated with RI-CMT. Identification of these genes is not only important for patients and families but also provides new information about pathogenesis. It is hoped that this review will lead to a better understanding of intermediate CMT and provide a detailed diagnostic procedure for intermediate CMT.
Collapse
|
47
|
Pla-Martín D, Calpena E, Lupo V, Márquez C, Rivas E, Sivera R, Sevilla T, Palau F, Espinós C. Junctophilin-1 is a modifier gene of GDAP1-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:213-29. [PMID: 25168384 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GDAP1 gene cause different forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, and the primary clinical expression of this disease is markedly variable in the dominant inheritance form (CMT type 2K; CMT2K), in which carriers of the GDAP1 p.R120W mutation can display a wide range of clinical severity. We investigated the JPH1 gene as a genetic modifier of clinical expression variability because junctophilin-1 (JPH1) is a good positional and functional candidate. We demonstrated that the JPH1-GDAP1 cluster forms a paralogon and is conserved in vertebrates. Moreover, both proteins play a role in Ca(2+) homeostasis, and we demonstrated that JPH1 is able to restore the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) activity in GDAP1-silenced cells. After the mutational screening of JPH1 in a series of 24 CMT2K subjects who harbour the GDAP1 p.R120W mutation, we characterized the JPH1 p.R213P mutation in one patient with a more severe clinical picture. JPH1(p.R213P) cannot rescue the SOCE response in GDAP1-silenced cells. We observed that JPH1 colocalizes with STIM1, which is the activator of SOCE, in endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane puncta structures during Ca(2+) release in a GDAP1-dependent manner. However, when GDAP1(p.R120W) is expressed, JPH1 seems to be retained in mitochondria. We also established that the combination of GDAP1(p.R120W) and JPH1(p.R213P) dramatically reduces SOCE activity, mimicking the effect observed in GDAP1 knock-down cells. In summary, we conclude that JPH1 and GDAP1 share a common pathway and depend on each other; therefore, JPH1 can contribute to the phenotypical consequences of GDAP1 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pla-Martín
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia 46012, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Eduardo Calpena
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia 46012, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia 46012, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia 46012, Spain
| | | | - Eloy Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Rafael Sivera
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS)-La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valencia 46026, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe and Instituto de Investigación Sanitario (IIS)-La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Valencia 46026, Spain Department of Medicine and
| | - Francesc Palau
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia 46012, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia 46012, Spain University of Castilla-La Mancha School of Medicine, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Program in Rare and Genetic Diseases and IBV/CSIC Associated Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia 46012, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia 46012, Spain Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, Valencia 46010, Spain and
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial dynamics describes the continuous change in the position, size, and shape of mitochondria within cells. The morphological and functional complexity of neurons, the remarkable length of their processes, and the rapid changes in metabolic requirements arising from their intrinsic excitability render these cells particularly dependent on effective mitochondrial function and positioning. The rules that govern these changes and their functional significance are not fully understood, yet the dysfunction of mitochondrial dynamics has been implicated as a pathogenetic factor in a number of diseases, including disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems. RECENT ADVANCES In recent years, a number of mutations of genes encoding proteins that play important roles in mitochondrial dynamics and function have been discovered in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, a hereditary peripheral neuropathy. These findings have directly linked mitochondrial pathology to the pathology of peripheral nerve and have identified certain aspects of mitochondrial dynamics as potential early events in the pathogenesis of CMT. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction has now been implicated in the pathogenesis of noninherited neuropathies, including diabetic and inflammatory neuropathies. CRITICAL ISSUES The role of mitochondria in peripheral nerve diseases has been mostly examined in vitro, and less so in animal models. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review examines available evidence for the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies, their relevance in human diseases, and future challenges for research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Sajic
- Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Institute of Neurology , Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schabhüttl M, Wieland T, Senderek J, Baets J, Timmerman V, De Jonghe P, Reilly MM, Stieglbauer K, Laich E, Windhager R, Erwa W, Trajanoski S, Strom TM, Auer-Grumbach M. Whole-exome sequencing in patients with inherited neuropathies: outcome and challenges. J Neurol 2014; 261:970-82. [PMID: 24627108 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN) are one of the most frequent inherited causes of neurological disability characterized by considerable phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Based on clinical and electrophysiological properties, they can be subdivided into three main groups: HMSN, dHMN, and HSN. At present, more than 50 IPN genes have been identified. Still, many patients and families with IPN have not yet received a molecular genetic diagnosis because clinical genetic testing usually only covers a subset of IPN genes. Moreover, a considerable proportion of IPN genes has to be identified. Here we present results of WES in 27 IPN patients excluded for mutations in many known IPN genes. Eight of the patients received a definite diagnosis. While six of these patients carried bona fide pathogenic mutations in known IPN genes, two patients had mutations in genes known to be involved in other types of neuromuscular disorders. A further group of eight patients carried sequence variations in IPN genes that could not unequivocally be classified as pathogenic. In addition, combining data of WES and linkage analysis identified SH3BP4, ITPR3, and KLHL13 as novel IPN candidate genes. Moreover, there was evidence that particular mutations in PEX12, a gene known to cause Zellweger syndrome, could also lead to an IPN phenotype. We show that WES is a useful tool for diagnosing IPN and we suggest an expanded phenotypic spectrum of some genes involved in other neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders. Nevertheless, interpretation of variants in known and potential novel disease genes has remained challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schabhüttl
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medical University Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Niemann A, Huber N, Wagner KM, Somandin C, Horn M, Lebrun-Julien F, Angst B, Pereira JA, Halfter H, Welzl H, Feltri ML, Wrabetz L, Young P, Wessig C, Toyka KV, Suter U. The Gdap1 knockout mouse mechanistically links redox control to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:668-82. [PMID: 24480485 PMCID: PMC3927703 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the mitochondrial fission factor GDAP1 are associated with severe peripheral neuropathies, but why the CNS remains unaffected is unclear. Using a Gdap1−/− mouse, Niemann et al. demonstrate that a CNS-expressed Gdap1 paralogue changes its subcellular localisation under oxidative stress conditions to also act as a mitochondrial fission factor. The ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) is a mitochondrial fission factor and mutations in GDAP1 cause Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. We found that Gdap1 knockout mice (Gdap1−/−), mimicking genetic alterations of patients suffering from severe forms of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, develop an age-related, hypomyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Ablation of Gdap1 expression in Schwann cells recapitulates this phenotype. Additionally, intra-axonal mitochondria of peripheral neurons are larger in Gdap1−/− mice and mitochondrial transport is impaired in cultured sensory neurons of Gdap1−/− mice compared with controls. These changes in mitochondrial morphology and dynamics also influence mitochondrial biogenesis. We demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA biogenesis and content is increased in the peripheral nervous system but not in the central nervous system of Gdap1−/− mice compared with control littermates. In search for a molecular mechanism we turned to the paralogue of GDAP1, GDAP1L1, which is mainly expressed in the unaffected central nervous system. GDAP1L1 responds to elevated levels of oxidized glutathione by translocating from the cytosol to mitochondria, where it inserts into the mitochondrial outer membrane. This translocation is necessary to substitute for loss of GDAP1 expression. Accordingly, more GDAP1L1 was associated with mitochondria in the spinal cord of aged Gdap1−/− mice compared with controls. Our findings demonstrate that Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease caused by mutations in GDAP1 leads to mild, persistent oxidative stress in the peripheral nervous system, which can be compensated by GDAP1L1 in the unaffected central nervous system. We conclude that members of the GDAP1 family are responsive and protective against stress associated with increased levels of oxidized glutathione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Niemann
- 1 Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Cell Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland, ETH-Hönggerberg, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|