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Yuan R, Wu C. YTHDF1-mediated sphingosine kinase 2 upregulation alleviates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity via the PI3K/AKT axis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271231218707. [PMID: 38487884 DOI: 10.1177/09603271231218707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupivacaine (BUP), a long-acting local anesthetic, has been widely used in analgesia and anesthesia. However, evidence strongly suggests that excessive application of BUP may lead to neurotoxicity in neurons. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) has been reported to exert neuroprotective effects. In this study, we intended to investigate the potential role and mechanism of SPHK2 in BUP-induced neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. METHODS DRG neurons were cultured with BUP to simulate BUP-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. CCK-8, LDH, and flow cytometry assays were performed to detect the viability, LDH activity, and apoptosis of DRG neurons. RT-qPCR and western blotting was applied to measure gene and protein expression. Levels. MeRIP-qPCR was applied for quantification of m6A modification. RIP-qPCR was used to analyze the interaction between SPHK2 and YTHDF1. RESULTS SPHK2 expression significantly declined in DRG neurons upon exposure to BUP. BUP challenge substantially reduced the cell viability and increased the apoptosis rate in DRG neurons, which was partly abolished by SPHK2 upregulation. YTHDF1, an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader, promoted SPHK2 expression in BUP-treated DRG neurons in an m6A-dependent manner. YTHDF1 knockdown partly eliminated the increase in SPHK2 protein level and the protection against BUP-triggered neurotoxicity in DRG neurons mediated by SPHK2 overexpression. Moreover, SPHK2 activated the PI3K/AKT signaling to protect against BUP-induced cytotoxic effects on DRG neurons. CONCLUSIONS In sum, YTHDF1-mediated SPHK2 upregulation ameliorated BUP-induced neurotoxicity in DRG neurons via promoting activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
- The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, China
- The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, China
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2
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Sonawane K, Dixit H, Thota N, Mistry T, Balavenkatasubramanian J. "Knowing It Before Blocking It," the ABCD of the Peripheral Nerves: Part B (Nerve Injury Types, Mechanisms, and Pathogenesis). Cureus 2023; 15:e43143. [PMID: 37692583 PMCID: PMC10484240 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Selander emphatically said, "Handle these nerves with care," and those words still echo, conveying a loud and clear message that, however rare, peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a perturbing possibility that cannot be ignored. The unprecedented nerve injuries associated with peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) can be most tormenting for the unfortunate patient and a nightmare for the anesthetist. Possible justifications for the seemingly infrequent occurrences of PNB-related PNIs include a lack of documentation/reporting, improper aftercare, or associated legal implications. Although they make up only a small portion of medicolegal claims, they are sometimes difficult to defend. The most common allegations are attributed to insufficient informed consent; preventable damage to a nerve(s); delay in diagnosis, referral, or treatment; misdiagnosis, and inappropriate treatment and follow-up care. Also, sufficient prospective studies or randomized trials have not been conducted, as exploring such nerve injuries (PNB-related) in living patients or volunteers may be impractical or unethical. Understanding the pathophysiology of various types of nerve injury is vital to dealing with them further. Processes like degeneration, regeneration, remyelination, and reinnervation can influence the findings of electrophysiological studies. Events occurring in such a process and their impact during the assessment determine the prognosis and the need for further interventions. This educational review describes various types of PNB-related nerve injuries and their associated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Sonawane
- Anesthesiology, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Hrudini Dixit
- Anesthesiology, Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, IND
| | - Navya Thota
- Anesthesiology, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, IND
| | - Tuhin Mistry
- Anesthesiology, Ganga Medical Centre and Hospitals, Coimbatore, IND
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Tan YZ, Shi RJ, Ke BW, Tang YL, Liang XH. Paresthesia in dentistry: The ignored neurotoxicity of local anesthetics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18031. [PMID: 37539316 PMCID: PMC10395355 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics are frequently used by dentists to relieve localized discomfort of the patient and improve treatment conditions. The risk of paresthesia after local anesthesia is frequently encountered in dental clinics. The neurotoxicity of local anesthetics is a disregarded factor in paresthesia. The review summarizes the types of common local anesthetics, incidence and influencing factors of paresthesia after local anesthesia, and systematically describes the neurotoxicity mechanisms of dental local anesthetic. Innovative strategies may be developed to lessen the neurotoxicity and prevent paresthesia following local anesthesia with the support of a substantial understanding of paresthesia and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-zhen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong-jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo-wen Ke
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ya-ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Keane GC, Marsh EB, Hunter DA, Schellhardt L, Walker ER, Wood MD. Lidocaine Nerve Block Diminishes the Effects of Therapeutic Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Nerve Regeneration in Rats. Hand (N Y) 2023; 18:119S-125S. [PMID: 35579211 PMCID: PMC9896284 DOI: 10.1177/15589447221093668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although electrical stimulation (ES) can improve nerve regeneration, the impact of nerve block, such as lidocaine (Lido), on the therapeutic benefits of ES remains unclear. We used a rat tibial nerve transection-and-repair model to explore how either preoperative (PreOp) or postoperative (PostOp) nerve block affects ES-related improvement in regeneration. METHODS Lewis rats were used in 1 of 2 studies. The first evaluated the effects of extraneural Lido on both healthy and injured nerves. In the second study, rats were randomized to 5 experimental groups: No ES (negative control), PreOp Lido, ES + PreOp Lido, PostOp + ES, and ES (positive control). All groups underwent tibial nerve transection and repair. In both studies, nerves were harvested for histological analysis of regeneration distal to the injury site. RESULTS Application of extraneural Lido did not damage healthy or injured nerve based on qualitative histological observations. In the context of nerve transection and repair, the ES group exhibited improved axon regeneration at 21 days measured by the total number of myelinated fibers compared with No ES. Fiber density and percentage of neural tissue in the ES group were greater than those in both No ES and PreOp Lido + ES groups. ES + PostOp Lido was not different from No ES or ES group. CONCLUSIONS Extraneural application of Lido did not damage nerves. Electrical stimulation augmented nerve regeneration, but Lido diminished the ES-related improvement in nerve regeneration. Clinical studies on the effects of ES to nerve regeneration may need to consider nerve block as a variable affecting ES outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C. Keane
- Washington University School of
Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan B. Marsh
- Washington University School of
Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew D. Wood
- Washington University School of
Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
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5
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Qeva E, Sollazzo C, Bilotta F. Insulin signaling in the central nervous system, a possible pathophysiological mechanism of anesthesia-induced delayed neurocognitive recovery/postoperative neurocognitive disorder: a narrative review. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:839-847. [PMID: 36332201 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2144234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impairment in neurocognitive functions ranges between delayed neurocognitive recovery (DNR) and postoperative neurocognitive disorders (pNCD). Incidence varies from 11% after noncardiac surgery to 60% after cardiac surgery. AREAS COVERED Insulin receptors (IRs) signaling pathway in the central nervous system (CNS) could be a possible pathophysiological mechanism of anesthesia-induced DNR/pNCD and perioperative intranasal insulin administration could be a preventive approach. This hypothesis is supported by the following evidence: effects of IRs-CNS signaling pathway on neuromodulation; higher incidence of DNR/pNCD in patients with insulin resistance; neurotoxicity of IRs signaling pathways after anesthetic exposure; improvement of neurocognitive impairment after insulin exposure. This narrative review was conducted after a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS online medical data performed in May 2022. EXPERT OPINION Perioperative intranasal insulin is shown to be protective and future studies should address: the role of insulin as a neuromodulator; its integration into neuroprotection approaches; patient populations that might benefit from this approach; a well-defined protocol of intranasal insulin administration in a perioperative background and other disciplines; and possible collateral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ega Qeva
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University of Turin, 'Città Della Salute e Della Scienza' Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Sollazzo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Bilotta
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 'Policlinico Umberto I' Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Neuraxial drug administration, i.e., the injection of drugs into the epidural or intrathecal space to produce anesthesia or analgesia, is a technique developed more than 120 years ago. Today, it still is widely used in daily practice in anesthesiology and in acute and chronic pain therapy. A multitude of different drugs have been introduced for neuraxial injection, only a part of which have obtained official approval for that indication. A broad understanding of the pharmacology of those agents is essential to the clinician to utilize them in a safe and efficient manner. In the present narrative review, we summarize current knowledge on neuraxial anatomy relevant to clinical practice, including pediatric anatomy. Then, we delineate the general pharmacology of neuraxial drug administration, with particular attention to specific aspects of epidural and intrathecal pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Furthermore, we describe the most common clinical indications for neuraxial drug administration, including the perioperative setting, obstetrics, and chronic pain. Then, we discuss possible neurotoxic effects of neuraxial drugs, and moreover, we detail the specific properties of the most commonly used neuraxial drugs that are relevant to clinicians who employ epidural or intrathecal drug administration, in order to ensure adequate treatment and patient safety in these techniques. Finally, we give a brief overview on new developments in neuraxial drug therapy.
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Zeng L, Li A, Zhang Z, Zhang F, Chen H, Wang Y, Ding X, Luo H. Ropivacaine Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in the G0/G1 Phase and Apoptosis of PC12 Cells via Inhibiting Mitochondrial STAT3 Translocation. Inflammation 2021; 44:2362-2376. [PMID: 34417665 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 has neuroprotective effect via non-canonical activation and mitochondrial translocation, but its effect on ropivacaine-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. Our previous study revealed that apoptosis was an important mechanism of ropivacaine-induced neurotoxicity; this study is to illustrate the relationship between STAT3 with ropivacaine-induced apoptosis. Those results showed that ropivacaine treatment decreased cell viability, induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells. Moreover, ropivacaine decreased the phosphorylated levels of STAT3 at Ser727 and downregulated the expression of STAT3 upstream gene IL-6. The mitochondrial translocation of STAT3 was also hindered by ropivacaine. To further illustrate the connection of STAT3 protein structure with ropivacaine, the autodock-vina was used to examine the interaction between STAT3 and ropivacaine, and the results showed that ropivacaine could bind to STAT3's proline site and other sites. In addition, the activator and inhibitor of mitoSTAT3 translocation were used to demonstrate it was involved in ropivacaine-induced apoptosis; the results showed that enhancing the mitochondrial STAT3 translocation could prevent ropivacaine-induced apoptosis. Finally, the expression of p-STAT3 and the levels of apoptosis in the spinal cord were also detected; the results were consistent with the cell experiment; ropivacaine decreased the expression of p-STAT3 protein and increased the levels of apoptosis in the spinal cord. We demonstrated that ropivacaine induced apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727 and the mitochondrial STAT3 translocation. This effect was reversed by the activation of the mitochondrial STAT3 translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Aohan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Fuyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Huaxian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Huiyu Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang Key Laboratory of Movement Disorders, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson's Disease, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China.
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8
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Byram SC, Bialek SE, Husak VA, Balcarcel D, Park J, Dang J, Foecking EM. Distinct neurotoxic effects of select local anesthetics on facial nerve injury and recovery. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 38:173-183. [PMID: 32310199 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local anesthetic toxicity has been well-documented to cause neuronal injury, death, and dysfunction, particularly in a susceptible nerve. OBJECTIVE To determine whether select local anesthetics affect neuron survival and/or functional recovery of an injured nerve. METHODS This report describes 6 separate experiments that test immediate or delayed application of local anesthetics in 3 nerve injury models. Adult C57/black6 male mice underwent a facial nerve sham, transection, or crush injury. Local anesthetic or saline was applied to the facial nerve at the time of injury (immediate) or 1 day after injury (delayed). Average percent facial motoneuron (FMN) survival was evaluated four-weeks after injury. Facial nerve regeneration was estimated by observing functional recovery of eye blink reflex and vibrissae movement after facial nerve crush injury. RESULTS FMN survival after: transection + immediate treatment with ropivacaine (54.8%), bupivacaine (63.2%), or tetracaine (66.9%) was lower than saline (85.5%) and liposomal bupivacaine (85.0%); crush + immediate treatment with bupivacaine (92.8%) was lower than saline (100.7%) and liposomal bupivacaine (99.3%); sham + delayed treatment with bupivacaine (89.9%) was lower than saline (96.6%) and lidocaine (99.5%); transection + delayed treatment with bupivacaine (67.3%) was lower than saline (78.4%) and liposomal bupivacaine (77.6%); crush + delayed treatment with bupivacaine (85.3%) was lower than saline (97.9%) and lidocaine (96.0%). The average post-operative time for mice to fully recover after: crush + immediate treatment with bupivacaine (12.83 days) was longer than saline (11.08 days) and lidocaine (10.92 days); crush + delayed treatment with bupivacaine (16.79 days) was longer than saline (12.73 days) and lidocaine (11.14 days). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that some local anesthetics, but not all, exacerbate motoneuron death and delay functional recovery after a peripheral nerve injury. These and future results may lead to clinical strategies that decrease the risk of neural deficit following peripheral nerve blocks with local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Byram
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, Byram - current, USA.,Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA.,Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Samantha E Bialek
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA.,Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Vicki A Husak
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Balcarcel
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - James Park
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Dang
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Eileen M Foecking
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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Amani D, Memary E, Samsami M, Zangoue M, Shirian S, Motevalli SH, Ghasemi N, Mirkhesthti A. Effect of Isolated Serum from Breast Cancer Patients with Pectoral Nerves Block on Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231) Apoptosis Index. Anesth Pain Med 2021; 11:e111886. [PMID: 34336615 PMCID: PMC8314088 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.111886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death in women. The thoracic pectoral nerve (PECS) block has been described as the gold standard analgesic modality for BC surgery. It has been previously reported that PECS is associated with decreased BC recurrence post-mastectomy. Although several anesthetic drugs and techniques are used in surgical oncology, their effects on the behavior of cancer cells are yet to be known and the key question of whether the anesthetic technique affects cancer outcome remains unresolved. Objectives Since anesthetic drugs and techniques and post-operative pain may affect BC recurrence, this study aimed to determine whether the anesthetic choice and technique, PECS II block, affects in vitro apoptosis of the MDA-MB-231 BC cell line. Methods Twenty-two female BC patients, 20 to 75-years-old, with the same pathologic grades were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received propofol general anesthesia (PGA) associated with PECS and the second group received standard PGA. Blood was sampled pre and post-operation from all patients. The sera were isolated and then exposed to the MDA-MB-231 human BC cell line. The mean percentage of apoptosis indices was analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate 24 hours after treatment with patients' sera. Results A significant decrease was seen in the mean viability percentage of BC cell line in the PECS group, besides a significant increase in the mean percentage of necrosis and late apoptosis indices compared to the control group after exposure to sera collected from patients post-operation. Intra-group analysis of the control group showed that the exposure of the tumoral cell to post-operation sera resulted in a significant increase in the mean percentage of necrosis and late apoptosis index compared to pre-operation sera exposure. In the PECS group, the exposure of the tumoral cell to post-operation sera resulted in a significant increase in the mean percentage of cell viability and late apoptosis index compared to pre-operation sera exposure. Conclusions In conclusion, anesthesia and BC surgery may induce apoptosis indices in the MDA-MB-231 human BC cell line. We also found that sera collected from PECS II block patients with BC could induce more apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line compared to collected sera from systemic analgesia alone after BC surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davar Amani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Memary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Samsami
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Zangoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sadegh Shirian
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Shiraz Molecular Pathology Research Center, Dr. Daneshbod Pathology Laboratory, Shiraz, Iran
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Motevalli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Ghasemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirkhesthti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2122439970,
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10
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Mirkheshti A, Shakeri A, Memary E, Baniasadi M, Zaringhalam J, Tajbakhsh A, Mirzaei M, Lak E. Maternal sciatic nerve administered bupivacaine induces hippocampal cell apoptosis in offspring. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:228. [PMID: 32894054 PMCID: PMC7487602 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupivacaine, an amid-type local anesthetic, is widely used for clinical patients especially in pregnant women. In addition to neurotoxicity effect of bupivacaine, it can cross the placenta, accumulates in this tissue and retained in fetal tissues. Nevertheless, whether bupivacaine can cause neurotoxicity in fetus remains unclear. Hence, this study was design to investigate the effects of maternal bupivacaine use on fetus hippocampal cell apoptosis and the possible related mechanism. METHODS On day 15 of pregnancy, sciatic nerve of pregnant wistar rat (180-200 g) were exposed by lateral incision of the right thigh and 0.2 ml of bupivacaine was injected. After their delivery, we randomly selected one male offspring of every mother. On day 30 after of their birth, the rat's hippocampi were isolated for molecular studies. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and p-Akt in fetal hippocampus. RESULTS Our results showed that maternal bupivacaine use caused a significant increment of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in fetal hippocampus compared with the sham group. In addition, maternally administered bupivacaine could significantly decrease hippocampal P.Akt/T.Akt ratio which was concurrent with an increment of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that maternal bupivacaine use increases fetal hippocampal cell apoptosis markers such as caspase 8 and cleaved caspase 3, at least in part, via inhibiting the Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirkheshti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Alireza Shakeri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Elham Memary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Baniasadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ardeshir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mirzaei
- Department of Gynecology, Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Lak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Xue Y, Xu T, Jiang W. Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4 /SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Regen Ther 2020; 14:322-329. [PMID: 32467829 PMCID: PMC7243045 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ropivacaine has been regularly used because of its good anesthetic and analgesic effects, but it may exert neurotoxic effects on neurocyte. Dexmedetomidine has presented special advantages in the fields of neuroprotection, and it also could improve peripheral nerve block combining with ropivacaine. However, if dexmedetomidine could repair neurocyte injury induced by ropivacaine, and the specific mechanism remain unclear. Methods Western blotting and qRT-PCR were applied for measuring expression of protein and mRNA, respectively. Flow cytometry was used for assessing apoptosis. Cell proliferation was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Transwell assay was applied to measure the migration and invasion of cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay was applied for confirming the binding site between microRNA-381 (miR-381) and Leucine-rich repeat C4 protein (LRRC4). Results The viability of PC12 cells increased with raising the concentration of dexmedetomidine (0 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM). Dexmedetomidine reversed role of ropivacaine (0 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM) by upragulating the expression of miR-381 and suppressing the expression of LRRC4 in PC12 cells. miR-381 can directly interact with target gene LRRC4 and negatively regulate its expression. Dexmedetomidine promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis of PC12 cells by suppressing LRRC4 via up-regulating the expressions of miR-381 and further activated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine could protect PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. This study may provide new therapeutic strategy targeting miR-381/LRRC4/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway about the prevention of ropivacaine induced neurocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
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Kim EJ, Kim HY, Ahn JH. Neurotoxicity of local anesthetics in dentistry. J Dent Anesth Pain Med 2020; 20:55-61. [PMID: 32395610 PMCID: PMC7193059 DOI: 10.17245/jdapm.2020.20.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
During dental treatment, a dentist usually applies the local anesthesia. Therefore, all dentists should have expertise in local anesthesia and anesthetics. Local anesthetics have a neurotoxic effect at clinically relevant concentrations. Many studies have investigated the mechanism of neurotoxicity of local anesthetics but the precise mechanism of local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity is still unclear. In addition, it is difficult to demonstrate the direct neurotoxic effect of local anesthetics because perioperative nerve damage is influenced by various factors, such as the anesthetic, the patient, and surgical risk factors. This review summarizes knowledge about the pharmacology of local anesthetics, nerve anatomy, and the incidence, risk factors, and possible cellular mechanisms of local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hee Young Kim
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Ahn
- Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
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13
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Li Q, Qin L, Li J. Enhancement by TNF-α of TTX-resistant Na V current in muscle sensory neurons after femoral artery occlusion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R772-R780. [PMID: 32101460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00338.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Femoral artery occlusion in rats has been used to study human peripheral artery disease (PAD). Using this animal model, a recent study suggests that increases in levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its receptor lead to exaggerated responses of sympathetic nervous activity and arterial blood pressure as metabolically sensitive muscle afferents are activated. Note that voltage-dependent Na+ subtype NaV1.8 channels (NaV1.8) are predominately present in chemically sensitive thin fiber sensory nerves. The purpose of this study was to examine the role played by TNF-α in regulating activity of NaV1.8 currents in muscle dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats with PAD induced by femoral artery occlusion. DRG neurons from control and occluded limbs of rats were labeled by injecting the fluorescent tracer DiI into the hindlimb muscles 5 days before the experiments. A voltage patch-clamp mode was used to examine TTX-resistant (TTX-R) NaV currents. Results were as follows: 72 h of femoral artery occlusion increased peak amplitude of TTX-R [1,922 ± 139 pA in occlusion (n = 11 DRG neurons) vs. 1,178 ± 39 pA in control (n = 10), means ± SE; P < 0.001 between the 2 groups] and NaV1.8 currents [1,461 ± 116 pA in occlusion (n = 11) and 766 ± 48 pA in control (n = 10); P < 0.001 between groups] in muscle DRG neurons. TNF-α exposure amplified TTX-R and NaV1.8 currents in DRG neurons of occluded muscles in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, the amplification of TTX-R and NaV1.8 currents induced by TNF-α was attenuated in DRG neurons with preincubation with respective inhibitors of the intracellular signaling pathways p38-MAPK, JNK, and ERK. In conclusion, our data suggest that NaV1.8 is engaged in the role of TNF-α in amplifying muscle afferent inputs as the hindlimb muscles are ischemic; p38-MAPK, JNK, and ERK pathways are likely necessary to mediate the effects of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Lu Qin
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jianhua Li
- Heart and Vascular Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Iqbal F, Thompson AJ, Riaz S, Pehar M, Rice T, Syed NI. Anesthetics: from modes of action to unconsciousness and neurotoxicity. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:760-787. [PMID: 31242059 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00210.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern anesthetic compounds and advanced monitoring tools have revolutionized the field of medicine, allowing for complex surgical procedures to occur safely and effectively. Faster induction times and quicker recovery periods of current anesthetic agents have also helped reduce health care costs significantly. Moreover, extensive research has allowed for a better understanding of anesthetic modes of action, thus facilitating the development of more effective and safer compounds. Notwithstanding the realization that anesthetics are a prerequisite to all surgical procedures, evidence is emerging to support the notion that exposure of the developing brain to certain anesthetics may impact future brain development and function. Whereas the data in support of this postulate from human studies is equivocal, the vast majority of animal research strongly suggests that anesthetics are indeed cytotoxic at multiple brain structure and function levels. In this review, we first highlight various modes of anesthetic action and then debate the evidence of harm from both basic science and clinical studies perspectives. We present evidence from animal and human studies vis-à-vis the possible detrimental effects of anesthetic agents on both the young developing and the elderly aging brain while discussing potential ways to mitigate these effects. We hope that this review will, on the one hand, invoke debate vis-à-vis the evidence of anesthetic harm in young children and the elderly, and on the other hand, incentivize the search for better and less toxic anesthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Iqbal
- Vi Riddell Pain Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Thompson
- Vi Riddell Pain Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saba Riaz
- Vi Riddell Pain Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcus Pehar
- Vi Riddell Pain Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tiffany Rice
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naweed I Syed
- Vi Riddell Pain Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Chen L, Li Q, Wang H, Chen Q, Wu Y, Shang Y. Paeoniflorin attenuated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via suppression of the p38 MAPK pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7015-7023. [PMID: 30368886 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bupivacain, a common local anesthetic, can cause neurotoxicity and permanent neurological disorders. Paeoniflorin has been widely reported as a potential neuroprotective agent in neural injury models. However, the roles and molecular basis of paeoniflorin in bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity are still undefined. In the current study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to detect cell viability. Apoptotic rate was measured through double-staining of Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide on a flow cytometer. Western blot assay was carried out to examine the protein levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), phosphorylated-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK), Bcl-2, and Bax. caspase-3 activity was determined using a caspase-3 activity assay kit. We found that paeoniflorin dose-dependently attenuated bupivacaine-induced viability inhibition and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, paeoniflorin inhibited bupivacaine-induced activation of p38 MAPK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Paeoniflorin alone showed no significant effect on cell viability, apoptosis and p38 MAPK signaling in SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling by SB203580 or small interfering RNA targeting p38 (si-p38) abated bupivacaine-induced viability inhibition and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In conclusion, paeoniflorin alleviated bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via suppression of the p38 MAPK pathway, highlighting the potential values of paeoniflorin in relieving bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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16
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Liu B, Ji J, Feng Q, Luo X, Yan X, Ni Y, He Y, Mao Z, Liu J. Monosialoganglioside protects against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:707-718. [PMID: 30858700 PMCID: PMC6387603 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s192225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia have neurotoxic effects, resulting in severe neurological complications. Intrathecal monosialoganglioside (GM1) administration has a therapeutic effect on bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying mechanisms of bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity and the potential neuroprotective role of GM1. Materials and methods A rat spinal cord neurotoxicity model was established by injecting bupivacaine (5%, 0.12 μL/g) intrathecally. The protective effect of GM1 (30 mg/kg) was evaluated by pretreating the animals with it prior to the bupivacaine regimen. The neurological and locomotor functions were assessed using standard tests. The histomorphological changes, neuron degeneration and apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) relevant markers were analyzed using immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blotting. Results Bupivacaine resulted in significant neurotoxicity in the form of aberrant neurolocomoter functions and spinal cord histomorphology and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the ERS specific markers were significantly upregulated during bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. These neurotoxic effects were ameliorated by GM1. Conclusion Pretreatment with GM1 protects against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity via the inhibition of the GRP78/PERK/eIF2α/ATF4-mediated ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benquan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jiemei Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiurong Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yuxia Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Langdong Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhongxuan Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jingchen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China,
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17
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Fathy W, Hussein M, Khalil H. Effect of local anesthesia (with lidocaine vs bupivacaine) on cognitive function in patients undergoing elective cataract surgery. Local Reg Anesth 2018; 12:1-6. [PMID: 30643450 PMCID: PMC6318706 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s185367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Postoperative cognitive dysfunction has gained much attention over the last years. Multiple clinical trials have attempted to differentiate the effect of local vs general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function. The aim of this work was to study the effect of local anesthesia with lidocaine vs bupivacaine on cognitive function. Patients and methods This was a prospective randomized trial carried out on 61 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery by phacoemulsification under local anesthesia. Twenty-eight patients received lidocaine 2% and 33 patients received bupivacaine 0.5%. Cognitive assessment for all patients was done preoperatively and 1 week postoperatively using paired associate learning test (PALT) and category verbal fluency (VF) test (animal category). Results Regarding cognitive assessment of patients in lidocaine group, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean value of preoperative PALT and postoperative PALT (P-value =0.004), and between the mean value of preoperative VF and postoperative VF (P-value =0.002). As for bupivacaine group, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean value of preoperative PALT and postoperative PALT (P-value =0.021), and between the mean value of preoperative VF and postoperative VF (P-value =0.037). On comparing lidocaine and bupivacaine groups in pre and postoperative PALT & VF scores, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusion Both lidocaine and bupivacaine caused postoperative cognitive impairment. Lidocaine was found to have a worse effect on cognitive function than bupivacaine, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Fathy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Beni-suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Mona Hussein
- Department of Neurology, Beni-suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt,
| | - Hossam Khalil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beni-suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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Niu Z, Tang J, Ren Y, Feng W. Ropivacaine impairs mitochondrial biogenesis by reducing PGC-1α. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:513-518. [PMID: 30201263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ropivacaine is one of the commonly used local anesthetics in medical and dental care. However, preclinical and observational studies indicate that ropivacaine could have substantial side effects including neurotoxicity, which has raised concern regarding the safety of this drug. In the present study, we investigated the effects of clinically relevant doses of ropivacaine on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in neuronal cells. Our data indicate that exposure to ropivacaine leads to reduced expression of the major mitochondrial regulator PGC-1α and its downstream transcription factors NRF1 and TFAM. Ropivacaine treatment induces impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis by reducing mitochondrial mass, the ratio of mtDNA to nDNA (mtDNA/nDNA), cytochrome C oxidase activity, and COX-1 expression. Additionally, treatment with ropivacaine causes "loss of mitochondrial function" by impairing the mitochondrial respiratory rate and ATP production. Mechanistically, the reduction of PGC-1α caused by ropivacaine exposure requires inactivation of CREB, while re-introduction of PGC-1α completely rescues ropivacaine-induced mitochondrial abnormalities. In summary, our results provide supporting evidence that mitochondrial impairment is a key event in ropivacaine-mediated neurotoxicity, and the reduction of PGC-1α and its downstream signals are likely the molecular mechanism behind its cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Jiaming Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yueyi Ren
- Heart Center, Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266034, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
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Zhang K, Yang S, Luo C. TNF-alpha and TNF-R1 regulate bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in spinal cord dorsal root ganglion neuron. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:63-68. [PMID: 29802833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Local anesthesia has been shown to render severe spinal cord neurotoxicity. This study used an in vitro model to explore the expression and function of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway in bupivacaine-induced apoptotic injury in spinal cord dorsal root ganglia (DRG). DRG was prepared from adult C57BL/6 mice and incubated with 10 mM bupivacaine in vitro to induce apoptosis. QRT-PCR and western blot demonstrated that bupivacaine upregulated TNF-alpha (TNF-α) and TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1), but left TNF receptor 2 (TNF-R2) unaffected in DRG. SiRNA-mediated TNF-α or TNF-R1 inhibition, but not TNF-R2 inhibition, rescued bupivacaine-induced DRG apoptosis. In addition, qRT-PCR and western blot demonstrated that downstream substrates of apoptotic and TNF signaling pathways, caspase-9, MAP3K and JNK, were all significantly downregulated by TNF-α or TNF-R1 inhibition, but not by TNF-R2 inhibition, in bupivacaine-injured DRG. Thus, our work suggested that TNF-α and TNF-R1 are the major contributors of TNF signaling pathway in anesthesia-induced spinal cord neurotoxicity. Targeting TNF-α / TNF-R1, not TNF-R2 signaling pathway may be the key component to rescue or prevent anesthesia-induced apoptotic injury in spinal cord neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, China.
| | - Chaozhi Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 637400, China
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21
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Childress ES, Alexopoulos SJ, Hoehn KL, Santos WL. Small Molecule Mitochondrial Uncouplers and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2017; 61:4641-4655. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Childress
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Alexopoulos
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Emily Couric Clinical Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Zhao G, Li D, Ding X, Li L. Nerve growth factor pretreatment inhibits lidocaine‑induced myelin damage via increasing BDNF expression and inhibiting p38 mitogen activation in the rat spinal cord. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4678-4684. [PMID: 28849178 PMCID: PMC5647042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) pretreatment on demyelination in the spinal cord of lidocaine-treated rats, and explored the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of NGF. A total of 36 rats were randomly assigned to three groups (n=12 per group): Sham group; Lido group, received intrathecal injection of lidocaine; NGF group, received intrathecal injection of NGF followed by intrathecal injection of lidocaine. Tail-flick tests were used to evaluate neurobehavioral function. Ultrastructural alternations were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). ELISA was used to determine serum levels of MBP and proteolipid protein (PLP). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). NGF pretreatment reduced lidocaine-induced neurobehavioral damage, nerve fiber demyelination, accompanied by a decrease in MBP expression in the spinal cord and an increase in MBP and PLP in serum. In addition, NGF pretreatment increased BDNF expression in the spinal cord of lidocaine-treated rats. Furthermore, NGF pretreatment reduced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the spinal cord of lidocaine-treated rats. NGF treatment reduces lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity via the upregulation of BDNF and inhibition of p38 MAPK. NGF therapy may improve the clinical use of lidocaine in intravertebral anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Bentov I, Damodarasamy M, Spiekerman C, Reed MJ. Lidocaine Impairs Proliferative and Biosynthetic Functions of Aged Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Anesth Analg 2017; 123:616-23. [PMID: 27537755 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aged are at increased risk of postoperative wound healing complications. Because local anesthetics are infiltrated commonly into the dermis of surgical wounds, we sought to determine whether local anesthetics adversely affect proliferative and biosynthetic functions of dermal fibroblasts. We also evaluated the effect of local anesthetics on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), growth factors that are important regulators of wound healing. METHODS Human dermal fibroblasts (HFB) from aged and young donors were exposed to local anesthetic agents at clinically relevant concentrations. We screened the effects of lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine, and ropivacaine on proliferation of HFB. Lidocaine was most detrimental to proliferation in HFB. We then evaluated the effect of lidocaine on expression and function of the growth factors, IGF-1 and TGF-β1. Lastly, concurrent exposure to lidocaine and IGF-1 or TGF-β1 was evaluated for their effects on proliferation and expression of dermal collagens, respectively. RESULTS Lidocaine and mepivacaine inhibited proliferation in aged HFB (for lidocaine 88% of control, 95% confidence interval [CI], 80%-98%, P = .009 and for mepivacaine 90% of control, 95% CI, 81%-99%, P = .032) but not in young HFB. Ropivacaine and bupivacaine did not inhibit proliferation. Because of the clinical utility of lidocaine relative to mepivacaine, we focused on lidocaine. Lidocaine decreased proliferation in aged HFB, which was abrogated by IGF-1. Lidocaine inhibited transcripts for IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in fibroblasts from aged donors (IGF-1, log2 fold-change -1.25 [42% of control, 95% CI, 19%-92%, P = .035] and IGF1R, log2 fold-change -1.00 [50% of control, 95% CI, 31%-81%, P = .014]). In contrast, lidocaine did not affect the expression of IGF-1 or IGF1R transcripts in the young HFB. Transcripts for collagen III were decreased after lidocaine exposure in aged and young HFB (log2 fold-change -1.28 [41% of control, 95% CI, 20%-83%, P = .022] in aged HFB and log2 fold-change -1.60 [33% of control, 95% CI, 15%-73%, P = .019] in young HFB). Transcripts for collagen I were decreased in aged HFB (log2 fold-change -1.82 [28% of control, 95% CI, 14%-58%, P = .006]) but not in the young HFB. Similar to the transcripts, lidocaine also inhibited the protein expression of collagen III in young and aged HFB (log2 fold-change -1.79 [29% of control, 95% CI, 18%-47%, P = .003] in young HFB and log2 fold-change -1.76 [30% of control, 95% CI, 9%-93%, P = .043] in aged HFB). The effect of lidocaine on the expression of collagen III protein was obviated by TGF-β1 in both young and aged HFB. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that lidocaine inhibits processes relevant to dermal repair in aged HFB. The detrimental responses to lidocaine are due, in part, to interactions with IGF-1 and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Bentov
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and †Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and ‡Center for Biomedical Statistics, Institute for Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Blanie A, Figueiredo S, Lorre G, Benhamou D. Transient neurologic symptoms (TNS) after intrathecal injection of ropivacaine through a dural tap during an attempted epidural for labour pain relief. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2017; 36:325-326. [PMID: 28546129 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Blanie
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Bicêtre, groupe hospitalier Paris Sud, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - S Figueiredo
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Bicêtre, groupe hospitalier Paris Sud, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - G Lorre
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, centre hospitalier, 85000 La Roche-Sur-Yon, France
| | - D Benhamou
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, hôpital Bicêtre, groupe hospitalier Paris Sud, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France; SOS Regional Anaesthesia (SOS-RA) Service, 94275 Le Kremelin-Bicêtre, France.
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Zhao W, Liu Z, Yu X, Lai L, Li H, Liu Z, Li L, Jiang S, Xia Z, Xu SY. iTRAQ proteomics analysis reveals that PI3K is highly associated with bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity pathways. Proteomics 2016; 16:564-75. [PMID: 26621341 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bupivacaine, a commonly used local anesthetic, has potential neurotoxicity through diverse signaling pathways. However, the key mechanism of bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity remains unclear. Cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated (bupivacaine) or untreated (control) with bupivacaine for 24 h. Compared to the control group, bupivacaine significantly increased cyto-inhibition, cellular reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, mitochondrial injury, apoptosis (increased TUNEL-positive cells, cleaved caspase 3, and Bcl-2/Bax), and activated autophagy (enhanced LC3II/LC3I ratio). To explore changes in protein expression and intercommunication among the pathways involved in bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity, an 8-plex iTRAQ proteomic technique and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Compared to the control group, 241 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which, 145 were up-regulated and 96 were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis of the cross-talk between the significant proteins with altered expression in bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity indicated that phosphatidyl-3-kinase (PI3K) was the most frequently targeted protein in each of the interactions. We further confirmed these results by determining the downstream targets of the identified signaling pathways (PI3K, Akt, FoxO1, Erk, and JNK). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PI3K may play a central role in contacting and regulating the signaling pathways that contribute to bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xujiao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Luying Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zipeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shi-yuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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Wang HW, Wang LY, Jiang L, Tian SM, Zhong TD, Fang XM. Amide-linked local anesthetics induce apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:2748-2757. [PMID: 27867550 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.09.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing cancer surgery suggested that using local anesthetics could reduce cancer recurrence and improve survival rate. Previous studies have indicated that local anesthetics may induce apoptosis in several kinds of cells in vitro, but the mechanism is unclear. METHODS Cell viability was analyzed by MTS; reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ∆Ψm), cell cycle distribution, and cell apoptosis assay were detected by flow cytometry; DNA damage was measured by comet assay; cell invasion and migration were observed by microscopy; The expression level of related proteins was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS The results indicated that lidocaine and ropivacaine could decrease viability, induce G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells A549 and H520. Invasion and migration were suppressed. Western blot indicated the related apoptotic pathways proteins changed accordingly. Additionally, lidocaine and ropivacaine downregulated ∆Ψm, provoked DNA damage, upregulated ROS production and activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in A549 and H520 cells. CONCLUSIONS The cytotoxic effect of amide-linked local anesthetics on NSCLC cells were mainly due to apoptosis. The antitumor mechanism of lidocaine and ropivacaine may involve apoptotic pathways and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Le-Yi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Su-Ming Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Tai-Di Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Shi H, Luo X. 7, 8, 3'-Trihydroxyflavone Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Protects Against Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity in Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:2301-8. [PMID: 27371503 PMCID: PMC4941892 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 7, 8, 3′-trihydroxyflavone (THF) is a novel pro-neuronal small molecule that acts as a TrkB agonist. In this study, we examined the effect of THF on promoting neuronal growth and protecting anesthetics-induced neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in vitro. Material/Methods Neonatal mouse DRG neurons were cultured in vitro and treated with various concentrations of THF. The effect of THF on neuronal growth was investigated by neurite outgrowth assay and Western blot. In addition, the protective effects of THF on bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity were investigated by apoptosis TUNEL assay, neurite outgrowth assay, and Western blot, respectively. Results THF promoted neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons in dose-dependent manner, with an EC50 concentration of 67.4 nM. Western blot analysis showed THF activated TrkB signaling pathway by inducing TrkB phosphorylation. THF also rescued bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity by reducing apoptosis and protecting neurite retraction in DRG neurons. Furthermore, the protection of THF in bupivacaine-injured neurotoxicity was directly associated with TrkB phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner in DRG neurons. Conclusions THF has pro-neuronal effect on DRG neurons by promoting neurite growth and protecting against bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity, likely through TrkB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohong Shi
- Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Xingjing Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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Verlinde M, Hollmann MW, Stevens MF, Hermanns H, Werdehausen R, Lirk P. Local Anesthetic-Induced Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:339. [PMID: 26959012 PMCID: PMC4813201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current knowledge concerning incidence, risk factors, and mechanisms of perioperative nerve injury, with focus on local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Perioperative nerve injury is a complex phenomenon and can be caused by a number of clinical factors. Anesthetic risk factors for perioperative nerve injury include regional block technique, patient risk factors, and local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. Surgery can lead to nerve damage by use of tourniquets or by direct mechanical stress on nerves, such as traction, transection, compression, contusion, ischemia, and stretching. Current literature suggests that the majority of perioperative nerve injuries are unrelated to regional anesthesia. Besides the blockade of sodium channels which is responsible for the anesthetic effect, systemic local anesthetics can have a positive influence on the inflammatory response and the hemostatic system in the perioperative period. However, next to these beneficial effects, local anesthetics exhibit time and dose-dependent toxicity to a variety of tissues, including nerves. There is equivocal experimental evidence that the toxicity varies among local anesthetics. Even though the precise order of events during local anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity is not clear, possible cellular mechanisms have been identified. These include the intrinsic caspase-pathway, PI3K-pathway, and MAPK-pathways. Further research will need to determine whether these pathways are non-specifically activated by local anesthetics, or whether there is a single common precipitating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Verlinde
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Markus F Stevens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Henning Hermanns
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert Werdehausen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Philipp Lirk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands.
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Wen X, Xu S, Zhang Q, Li X, Liang H, Yang C, Wang H, Liu H. Inhibitory gene expression of the Cav3.1 T-type calcium channel to improve neuronal injury induced by lidocaine hydrochloride. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 775:43-9. [PMID: 26852957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cav3.1 is a low-voltage-activated (LVA) calcium channel that plays a key role in regulating intracellular calcium ion levels. In this study, we observed the effects of lidocaine hydrochloride on the pshRNA-CACNA1G-SH-SY5Y cells that silenced Cav3.1 mRNA by RNA interference, and investigated the roles of p38 MAPK in these effects. We constructed the pNC-puro-CACNA1G-SH-SY5Y cells and pshRNA-CACNA1G -SH-SY5Y cells by the RNA interference. All the cells were cultured with or without 10mM lidocaine hydrochloride for 24 h. The cell morphology, cell viability, Cav3.1 and p38 protein expression, cell apoptosis rate and intracellular calcium ion concentration were detected. We found that all cells treated with 10mM lidocaine hydrochloride for 24 h showed cellular rounding, axonal regression, and cellular floating. Compared with the cells in SH-SY5Y+Lido group and NC+Lido group, those in the RNAi+Lido group showed similar changes, but of smaller magnitude. Additionally, following lidocaine hydrochloride all cells displayed increased Cav3.1 and p38 MAPK protein, apoptosis rate, and intracellular calcium ion levels; however,these changes in the RNAi+Lido group were less pronounced than in the SH-SY5Y+Lido and NC+Lido groups. The cell viability decreased following lidocaine hydrochloride treatment, but viability of the cells in the RNAi+Lido group was higher than in the SH-SY5Y+Lido and NC+Lido groups. The results showed that Cav3.1 may be involved in neuronal injury induced by lidocaine hydrochloride and that p38 MAPK phosphorylation was reduced upon Cav3.1 gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shiyuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Pain Clinic, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chenxiang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hanbing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongzhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First People's Hospital of Foshan & Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
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Kim RJ, Hah YS, Kang JR, Park HB. Antioxidant's cytoprotective effects on rotator cuff tenofibroblasts exposed to aminoamide local anesthetics. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1001-7. [PMID: 25639557 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Local anesthetics (LA) are among the drugs most frequently used for musculoskeletal problems, in procedures ranging from diagnosis to postoperative pain control. The cytotoxicity of LA is an emerging area of concern. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cyanidin, an antioxidant, exerts cytoprotective effects against tenofibroblast death induced by LA. Primary cultured human rotator cuff tenofibroblasts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these LA: Ropivacaine (0.075%), Bupivacaine (0.05%), and Lidocaine (0.2%). The effects of cyanidin (100 μg/ml) on the cytotoxicity induced by these LA were investigated. Cell viability, ROS production, caspase-3/7 activity, and expressions of phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), phospho-p38, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and cleaved PARP-1 were evaluated. Exposure to LA significantly induced cell death (p < 0.001), ROS production (p ≤ 0.04), the activation of caspase-3/7 (p < 0.001), and the increased expressions of phospho-ERK, phospho-p38, phospho-JNK, and cleaved PARP-1. These LA-induced cytotoxic effects were reduced by cyanidin. These data indicate that cyanidin, an antioxidant, has cytoprotective effects against LA-induced cytotoxicity to rotator cuff tenofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Jeong Kim
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | | | - Hyung Bin Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Gray A, Marrero-Berrios I, Ghodbane M, Maguire T, Weinberg J, Manchikalapati D, SchianodiCola J, Schloss RS, Yarmush J. Effect of Local Anesthetics on Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:1550001-1550014. [PMID: 26539251 DOI: 10.1142/s1793984415500014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Anti-fibrotic and tissue regenerative mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) properties are largely mediated by secreted cytokines and growth factors. MSCs are implanted to augment joint cartilage replacement and to treat diabetic ulcers and burn injuries simultaneously with local anesthetics, which reduce pain. However, the effect of anesthetics on therapeutic human MSC secretory function has not been evaluated. In order to assess the effect of local anesthetics on the MSC secretome, a panel of four anesthetics with different potencies - lidocaine, procaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine - was evaluated. Since injured tissues secrete inflammatory cytokines, the effects of anesthetics on MSCs stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were also measured. Dose dependent and anesthesia specific effects on cell viability, post exposure proliferation and secretory function were quantified using alamar blue reduction and immunoassays, respectively. Computational pathway analysis was performed to identify upstream regulators and molecular pathways likely associated with the effects of these chemicals on the MSC secretome. Our results indicated while neither lidocaine nor procaine greatly reduced unstimulated cell viability, ropivacaine and bupivacaine induced dose dependent viability decreases. This pattern was exaggerated in the simulated inflammatory environment. The reversibility of these effects after withdrawal of the anesthetics was attenuated for TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated MSCs exposed to ropivacaine and bupivacaine. In addition, secretome analysis indicated that constitutive secretion changes were clearly affected by both anesthetic alone and anesthetic plus TNFα/IFNγ cell stimulation, but the secretory pattern was drug specific and did not necessarily coincide with viability changes. Pathway analysis identified different intracellular regulators for stimulated and unstimulated MSCs. Within these groups, ropivacaine and bupivacaine appeared to act on MSCs similarly via the same regulatory mechanisms. Given the variable effect of local anesthetics on MSC viability and function, these studies underscore the need to evaluate MSC in the presence of medications, such as anesthetics, that are likely to accompany cell implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08805, USA
| | - Ileana Marrero-Berrios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08805, USA
| | - Mehdi Ghodbane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08805, USA
| | - Timothy Maguire
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08805, USA
| | - Jonathan Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11215, USA
| | | | - Joseph SchianodiCola
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11215, USA
| | - Rene S Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08805, USA
| | - Joel Yarmush
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, New York 11215, USA
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Cui C, Xu G, Qiu J, Fan X. Up-regulation of miR-26a promotes neurite outgrowth and ameliorates apoptosis by inhibiting PTEN in bupivacaine injured mouse dorsal root ganglia. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:933-42. [PMID: 25808510 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun JiLin Province 130021 China
| | - Gong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun JiLin Province 130021 China
| | - Jinpeng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun JiLin Province 130021 China
| | - Xiushuang Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun JiLin Province 130021 China
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Malet A, Faure MO, Deletage N, Pereira B, Haas J, Lambert G. The Comparative Cytotoxic Effects of Different Local Anesthetics on a Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Anesth Analg 2015; 120:589-596. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Chiu KM, Wu CC, Wang MJ, Lee MY, Wang SJ. Protective Effects of Bupivacaine against Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure and Neuronal Cell Death in the Rat Hippocampus. Biol Pharm Bull 2015; 38:522-30. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b14-00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Ming Chiu
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital
| | - Chia Chan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital
| | - Ming Jiuh Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Ming Yi Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Center, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine
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Sung CM, Hah YS, Kim JS, Nam JB, Kim RJ, Lee SJ, Park HB. Cytotoxic effects of ropivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine on rotator cuff tenofibroblasts. Am J Sports Med 2014; 42:2888-96. [PMID: 25296645 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514550991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern has recently arisen over the safety of local anesthetics used on human tissues. HYPOTHESIS Aminoamide local anesthetics have cytotoxic effects on human rotator cuff tenofibroblasts. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Cultured human rotator cuff tenofibroblasts were divided into control, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and local anesthetic study groups; the PBS study group was further subdivided by pH level (pH 7.4, 6.0, and 4.4). The 6 local anesthetic subgroups (0.2% and 0.75% ropivacaine, 0.25% and 0.5% bupivacaine, and 1% and 2% lidocaine) were also studied at 10% dilutions of their original concentrations. Exposure times were 5, 10, 20, 40, or 60 minutes for the higher concentrations and 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, or 72 hours for the lower concentrations. Cell viability was evaluated through live, apoptotic, and necrotic cell rates using the annexin V-propidium iodide double-staining method. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and caspase-3/7 were investigated. RESULTS The control and PBS groups showed no significant differences in cell viability (P > .999). In the local anesthetic study groups, cell viability decreased significantly with increases in anesthetic concentrations (P < .001) and exposure times (P < .001), with the exception of the lidocaine subgroups, where this effect was masked by the very high cytotoxicity of even low concentrations. Among the studied local anesthetic subgroups, 0.2% ropivacaine was the least toxic. The levels of intracellular ROS of each local anesthetic subgroup also increased significantly (P < .05). The studied local anesthetics showed increases in the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 as well as in levels of caspase-3/7 activity (P < .001). CONCLUSION The cytotoxicity of the anesthetics studied to tenofibroblasts is dependent on exposure time and concentration. Of the evaluated anesthetics, ropivacaine is the least toxic in the clinically used concentration. The studied anesthetics induce tenofibroblast cell death, mediated by the increased production of ROS, by the increased activation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 and by the activation of caspase-3/7. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study identified the cytotoxic mechanisms of aminoamide local anesthetics acting on rotator cuff tenofibroblasts. The greatest margin of safety was found in lower anesthetic concentrations in general and more specifically in the use of ropivacaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Meen Sung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Kim
- Surgery of Foot & Ankle, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeoung-Bin Nam
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ra Jeong Kim
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Barun Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyung Bin Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Lee JH, Park YH, Song HG, Park HP, Kim HS, Kim CS, Kim JT. The effect of lidocaine on apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mouse brain. Korean J Anesthesiol 2014; 67:334-41. [PMID: 25473463 PMCID: PMC4252346 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2014.67.5.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background General anesthetics induce neuronal apoptosis in the immature brain. Regional anesthesia using local anesthetics can be an alternative to general anesthesia. Therefore, this study investigated the possible effect of lidocaine on neuronal apoptosis. Methods Fifty-one 7-day-old C57BL6 mice were allocated into control (group C), lidocaine (group L), lidocaine plus midazolam (group LM) and isoflurane (group I) groups. Group C received normal saline administration. Groups L and LM were injected with lidocaine (4 mg/kg, subcutaneously) only and the same dose of lidocaine plus midazolam (9 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Group I was exposed to 0.75 vol% isoflurane for 6 h. After 6 h, apoptotic neurodegeneration was assessed using caspase-3 immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining. Results For the entire brain section, neuronal cells exhibiting caspase-3 activation were observed more frequently in group I than in group C (P < 0.001). In the thalamus, apoptosis of group L was more frequent than that of group C (P < 0.001), but less freqent than that of groups LM and I (P = 0.0075 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the cortex, group I experienced more apoptosis than group L and C (all Ps < 0.001). On TUNEL staining, the difference in apoptosis between the lidocaine and control groups was marginal (P = 0.05). Conclusions Lidocaine induced minimal apoptosis in the developing brain compared with isoflurane and lidocaine plus midazolam. However, we cannot fully exclude the possible adverse effect of subcutaneously administered lidocaine on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gul Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Pyoung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong-Sung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Lirk P, Hollmann M, Fleischer M, Weber N, Fiegl H. Lidocaine and ropivacaine, but not bupivacaine, demethylate deoxyribonucleic acid in breast cancer cells in vitro. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113 Suppl 1:i32-8. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Zhang L, Tanabe K, Yanagidate F, Kawasaki Y, Chen G, Dohi S, Iida H. Different effects of local anesthetics on extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in rat dorsal horn neurons. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 734:132-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Huang L, Kondo F, Gosho M, Feng GG, Harato M, Xia ZY, Ishikawa N, Fujiwara Y, Okada S. Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 via CaMKK/AMPK activation in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98185. [PMID: 24859235 PMCID: PMC4032276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that bupivacaine induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and nuclear factor-kappa B activation, resulting in an increase in expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. However, the identity of signaling upstream of p38 MAPK pathways to WDR35 expression remains unclear. It has been shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can activate p38 MAPK through diverse mechanisms. In addition, several kinases acting upstream of AMPK have been identified including Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK). Recent studies reported that AMPK may be involved in bupivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in Schwann cells and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The present study was undertaken to test whether CaMKK and AMPK are involved in bupivacaine-induced WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Our results showed that bupivacaine induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK in Neuro2a cells. The AMPK inhibitors, compound C and iodotubercidin, attenuated the bupivacaine-induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, resulting in an inhibition of the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 expression. Treatment with the CaMKK inhibitor STO-609 also attenuated the bupivacaine-induced activation of AMPK and p38 MAPK, resulting in an inhibition of the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 expression. These results suggest that bupivacaine activates AMPK and p38 MAPK via CaMKK in Neuro2a cells, and that the CaMKK/AMPK/p38 MAPK pathway is involved in regulating WDR35 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fumio Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Gosho
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Guo-Gang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Misako Harato
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Zhong-yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Naohisa Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoshiro Okada
- Department of Pharmacology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Niu X, Chen J, Wang P, Zhou H, Li S, Zhang M. The Effects of Hispidulin on Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity: Role of AMPK Signaling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:241-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chang YC, Hsu YC, Liu CL, Huang SY, Hu MC, Cheng SP. Local anesthetics induce apoptosis in human thyroid cancer cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89563. [PMID: 24586874 PMCID: PMC3931808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local anesthetics are frequently used in fine-needle aspiration of thyroid lesions and locoregional control of persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer. Recent evidence suggests that local anesthetics have a broad spectrum of effects including inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in neuronal and other types of cells. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with lidocaine and bupivacaine resulted in decreased cell viability and colony formation of both 8505C and K1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Lidocaine and bupivacaine induced apoptosis, and necrosis in high concentrations, as determined by flow cytometry. Lidocaine and bupivacaine caused disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome c, accompanied by activation of caspase 3 and 7, PARP cleavage, and induction of a higher ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Based on microarray and pathway analysis, apoptosis is the prominent transcriptional change common to lidocaine and bupivacaine treatment. Furthermore, lidocaine and bupivacaine attenuated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase. Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK/ERK kinase and p38 MAPK suppressed caspase 3 activation and PARP cleavage. Taken together, our results for the first time demonstrate the cytotoxic effects of local anesthetics on thyroid cancer cells and implicate the MAPK pathways as an important mechanism. Our findings have potential clinical relevance in that the use of local anesthetics may confer previously unrecognized benefits in the management of patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ching Chang
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MCH); (SPC)
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MCH); (SPC)
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Sokolowski JD, Gamage KK, Heffron DS, LeBlanc AC, Deppmann CD, Mandell JW. Caspase-mediated cleavage of actin and tubulin is a common feature and sensitive marker of axonal degeneration in neural development and injury. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:16. [PMID: 24507707 PMCID: PMC3996144 DOI: 10.1186/2051-5960-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axon degeneration is a characteristic feature of multiple neuropathologic states and is also a mechanism of physiological neurodevelopmental pruning. The vast majority of in vivo studies looking at axon degeneration have relied on the use of classical silver degeneration stains, which have many limitations including lack of molecular specificity and incompatibility with immunolabeling methods. Because Wallerian degeneration is well known to involve cytoskeletal disassembly and because caspases are recently implicated in aspects of this process, we asked whether antibodies directed at caspase-generated neoepitopes of beta-actin and alpha-tubulin would be useful immunohistochemical markers of pathological and developmental axon degeneration. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that several forms of axon degeneration involve caspase-mediated cleavage of these cytoskeletal elements and are well-visualized using this approach. We demonstrate the generation of caspase-induced neoepitopes in a) an in vitro neuronal culture model using nerve growth factor-deprivation-induced degeneration and b) an in vivo model using ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis, and c) during normal developmental pruning and physiological turnover of neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support recent experimental data that suggests caspase-3 and caspase-6 have specific non-redundant roles in developmental pruning. Finally, these findings may have clinical utility, as these markers highlight degenerating neurites in human hypoxic-ischemic injury. Our work not only confirms a common downstream mechanism involved in axon degeneration, but also illuminates the potential utility of caspase-cleavage-neoepitope antibodies as markers of neurodegeneration.
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Growth inhibition by bupivacaine is associated with inactivation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:831845. [PMID: 24605337 PMCID: PMC3925553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/831845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine is an amide type long acting local anesthetic used for epidural anesthesia and nerve blockade in patients. Use of bupivacaine is associated with severe cytotoxicity and apoptosis along with inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. Although inhibition of Erk, Akt, and AMPK seemingly appears to mediate some of the bupivacaine effects, potential downstream targets that mediate its effect remain unknown. S6 kinase 1 is a common downstream effector of several growth regulatory pathways involved in cell growth and proliferation known to be affected by bupivacaine. We have accordingly attempted to relate the growth inhibitory effects of bupivacaine with the status of S6K1 activity and we present evidence that decrease in cell growth and proliferation by bupivacaine is mediated through inactivation of S6 kinase 1 in a concentration and time dependent manner. We also show that ectopic expression of constitutively active S6 kinase 1 imparts substantial protection from bupivacaine induced cytotoxicity. Inactivation of S6K1 though associated with loss of putative mTOR mediated phosphorylation did not correspond with loss of similar phosphorylations in 4EBP1 indicating that S6K1 inhibition was not mediated through inactivation of mTORC1 signaling pathway or its down regulation.
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Enhanced expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 via nuclear factor-kappa B activation in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86336. [PMID: 24466034 PMCID: PMC3897669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of WD repeat proteins comprises a large number of proteins and is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as signal transduction, cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Bupivacaine is a sodium channel blocker administered for local infiltration, nerve block, epidural, and intrathecal anesthesia. Recently, we reported that bupivacaine induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, resulting in an increase in the expression of WD repeat-containing protein 35 (WDR35) in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells. It has been shown that ROS activate MAPK through phosphorylation, followed by activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). The present study was undertaken to test whether NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 are involved in bupivacaine-induced WDR35 expression in Neuro2a cells. Bupivacaine activated both NF-κB and c-Jun in Neuro2a cells. APDC, an NF-κB inhibitor, attenuated the increase in NF-κB activity and WDR35 protein expression in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. GW9662, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ antagonist, enhanced the increase in NF-κB activity and WDR35 protein expression in bupivacaine-treated Neuro2a cells. In contrast, c-Jun siRNA did not inhibit the bupivacaine-induced increase in WDR35 mRNA expression. These results indicate that bupivacaine induces the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and c-Jun/AP-1 in Neuro2a cells, while activation of NF-κB is involved in bupivacaine-induced increases in WDR35 expression.
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Zheng T, Xu SY, Zhou SQ, Lai LY, Li L. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) repletion attenuates bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1880-94. [PMID: 23817845 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine is one of the most toxic local anesthetics but the mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity are still unclear. Intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) depletion has been demonstrated to play an essential role in neuronal injury. In the present study, we investigated whether intracellular NAD(+) depletion contributes to bupivacaine-induced neuronal injury and whether NAD(+) repletion attenuates the injury in SH-SY5Y cells. First, we evaluated the intracellular NAD(+) content after bupivacaine exposure. We also examined the cellular NAD(+) level after pretreatment with exogenous NAD(+). We next determined cell viability and the apoptosis rate after bupivacaine treatment in the presence or absence of NAD(+) incubation. Finally, cell injuries such as nuclear injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial depolarization were detected after bupivacaine treatment with or without NAD(+) pretreatment. Bupivacaine caused intracellular NAD(+) depletion in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Cellular NAD(+) replenishment prevented cell death and apoptosis induced by bupivacaine. Importantly, exogenous NAD(+) attenuated bupivacaine-induced nuclear injury, ROS production, and mitochondrial depolarization. Our results suggest that NAD(+) depletion is necessary for bupivacaine-induced neuronal necrosis and apoptosis, and that NAD(+) repletion attenuates neurotoxicity resulting from bupivacaine-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong Province, China
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In Zucker diabetic fatty rats, subclinical diabetic neuropathy increases in vivo lidocaine block duration but not in vitro neurotoxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2013; 37:601-6. [PMID: 23011115 DOI: 10.1097/aap.0b013e3182664afb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Application of local anesthetics may lead to nerve damage. Increasing evidence suggests that risk of neurotoxicity is higher in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. In addition, block duration may be prolonged in neuropathy. We sought to investigate neurotoxicity in vitro and block duration in vivo in a genetic animal model of diabetes mellitus type 2. METHODS In the first experiments, neurons harvested from control Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were exposed to acute (24 hours) or chronic (72 hours) hyperglycemia, followed by incubation with lidocaine 40 mM (approximately 1%). In a second experiment, neurons harvested from control ZDF rats, or diabetic ZDF rats, were incubated with lidocaine, with or without SB203580, an inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Finally, we performed sciatic nerve block (lidocaine 2%, 0.2 mL) in control or diabetic ZDF rats and measured motor and nociceptive block duration. RESULTS In vitro, neither acute nor chronic hyperglycemia altered neurotoxic properties of lidocaine. In vitro, incubation of neurons with lidocaine resulted in a slightly decreased survival ratio when neurons were harvested from diabetic (57% ± 19%) as compared with control (64% ± 9%) rats. The addition of SB203580 partly reversed this enhanced neurotoxic effect and raised survival to 71% ± 12% in diabetic neurons and 66% ± 9% in control rats, respectively. In vivo, even though no difference was detected at baseline testing, motor block was significantly prolonged in diabetic as compared with control rats (137 ± 16 vs 86 ± 17 min). CONCLUSIONS In vitro, local anesthetic neurotoxicity was more pronounced on neurons from diabetic animals, but the survival difference was small. In vivo, subclinical neuropathy leads to substantial prolongation of block duration. We conclude that early diabetic neuropathy increases block duration, whereas the observed increase in toxicity was small.
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Lin TY, Chung CY, Lu CW, Huang SK, Shieh JS, Wang SJ. Local anesthetics inhibit glutamate release from rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes. Synapse 2013; 67:568-79. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chih-Yang Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology; Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital; Pan-Chiao; New Taipei City; 220; Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Kuei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital; Pan-Chiao; New Taipei City; 220; Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Sing Shieh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Yuan Ze University; Taoyuan; 320; Taiwan
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Li L, Zhang T, Diao Y, Wang J. Injection of ropivacaine into the subarachnoid changes the ultrastructure and proteome of the rat spinal cord. Xenobiotica 2013; 43:908-14. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.782454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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