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Marcionetti A, Salamin N. Insights into the Genomics of Clownfish Adaptive Radiation: The Genomic Substrate of the Diversification. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad088. [PMID: 37226990 PMCID: PMC10349533 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Clownfishes are an iconic group of coral reef fishes that evolved a mutualistic interaction with sea anemones, which triggered the rapid diversification of the group. Following the emergence of this mutualism, clownfishes diversified into different ecological niches and developed convergent phenotypes associated with their host use. The genetic basis of the initial acquisition of the mutualism with host anemones has been described, but the genomic architecture underlying clownfish diversification once the mutualism was established and the extent to which clownfish phenotypic convergence originated through shared genetic mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we investigated these questions by performing comparative genomic analyses on the available genomic data of five pairs of closely related but ecologically divergent clownfish species. We found that clownfish diversification was characterized by bursts of transposable elements, an overall accelerated coding evolution, incomplete lineage sorting, and ancestral hybridization events. Additionally, we detected a signature of positive selection in 5.4% of the clownfish genes. Among them, five presented functions associated with social behavior and ecology, and they represent candidate genes involved in the evolution of the size-based hierarchical social structure so particular to clownfishes. Finally, we found genes with patterns of either relaxation or intensification of purifying selection and signals of positive selection linked with clownfish ecological divergence, suggesting some level of parallel evolution during the diversification of the group. Altogether, this work provides the first insights into the genomic substrate of clownfish adaptive radiation and integrates the growing collection of studies investigating the genomic mechanisms governing species diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marcionetti
- Department of Computational Biology, Genopode, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, Genopode, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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2
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Harper M, Hu Y, Donahue J, Acosta B, Dievenich Braes F, Nguyen S, Zeng J, Barbaro J, Lee H, Bui H, McMenamin SK. Thyroid hormone regulates proximodistal patterning in fin rays. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219770120. [PMID: 37186843 PMCID: PMC10214145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219770120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Processes that regulate size and patterning along an axis must be highly integrated to generate robust shapes; relative changes in these processes underlie both congenital disease and evolutionary change. Fin length mutants in zebrafish have provided considerable insight into the pathways regulating fin size, yet signals underlying patterning have remained less clear. The bony rays of the fins possess distinct patterning along the proximodistal axis, reflected in the location of ray bifurcations and the lengths of ray segments, which show progressive shortening along the axis. Here, we show that thyroid hormone (TH) regulates aspects of proximodistal patterning of the caudal fin rays, regardless of fin size. TH promotes distal gene expression patterns, coordinating ray bifurcations and segment shortening with skeletal outgrowth along the proximodistal axis. This distalizing role for TH is conserved between development and regeneration, in all fins (paired and medial), and between Danio species as well as distantly related medaka. During regenerative outgrowth, TH acutely induces Shh-mediated skeletal bifurcation. Zebrafish have multiple nuclear TH receptors, and we found that unliganded Thrab-but not Thraa or Thrb-inhibits the formation of distal features. Broadly, these results demonstrate that proximodistal morphology is regulated independently from size-instructive signals. Modulating proximodistal patterning relative to size-either through changes to TH metabolism or other hormone-independent pathways-can shift skeletal patterning in ways that recapitulate aspects of fin ray diversity found in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Harper
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Yinan Hu
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Joan Donahue
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Benjamin Acosta
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Flora Dievenich Braes
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Stacy Nguyen
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Jenny Zeng
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Julianna Barbaro
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Hyungwoo Lee
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Hoa Bui
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
| | - Sarah K. McMenamin
- Biology Department, Morrissey College of Arts and Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA02467
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3
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Chopra K, Folkmanaitė M, Stockdale L, Shathish V, Ishibashi S, Bergin R, Amich J, Amaya E. Duox is the primary NADPH oxidase responsible for ROS production during adult caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish. iScience 2023; 26:106147. [PMID: 36843843 PMCID: PMC9950526 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be essential for regeneration in many organisms. This has been shown primarily via the use of pharmacological inhibitors targeting the family of NADPH oxidases (NOXes). To identify the specific NOXes involved in ROS production during adult caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish, we generated nox mutants for duox, nox5 and cyba (a key subunit of NOXes 1-4) and crossed these lines with a transgenic line ubiquitously expressing HyPer, which permits the measurement of ROS levels. Homozygous duox mutants had the greatest effect on ROS levels and rate of fin regeneration among the single mutants. However, duox:cyba double mutants showed a greater effect on fin regeneration than the single duox mutants, suggesting that Nox1-4 also play a role during regeneration. This work also serendipitously found that ROS levels in amputated adult zebrafish fins oscillate with a circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Chopra
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Milda Folkmanaitė
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Liam Stockdale
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Vishali Shathish
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Shoko Ishibashi
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rachel Bergin
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jorge Amich
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group (MFIG), Division of Evolution, Infection, and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Amaya
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Yan CY, Wu FY, Sun F, Fang Y, Zhang RJ, Zhang CR, Zhang CX, Wang Z, Yang RM, Yang L, Dong M, Zhang QY, Ye XP, Song HD, Zhao SX. The isl2a transcription factor regulates pituitary development in zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:920548. [PMID: 36824359 PMCID: PMC9941339 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.920548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ISL LIM homeobox 2, also known as insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-2 (ISL2), is a transcription factor gene that participates in a wide range of developmental events. However, the role of ISL2 in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized the expression patterns of ISL2 and revealed its regulative role during embryogenesis using zebrafish. METHODS We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to successfully establish homozygous ISL2-orthologue (isl2a and isl2b) knockout zebrafish. Moreover, we utilized these knockout zebrafish to analyze the pituitary and thyroid phenotypes in vivo. For further molecular characterization, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were performed. RESULTS The isl2a mutant zebrafish presented with thyroid hypoplasia, reduced whole-body levels of thyroid hormones, increased early mortality, gender imbalance, and morphological retardation during maturity. Additionally, thyrotropes, a pituitary cell type, was notably decreased during development. Importantly, the transcriptional levels of pituitary-thyroid axis hormones-encoding genes, such as tshba, cga, and tg, were significantly decreased in isl2a mutants. Finally, the thyroid dysplasia in isl2a mutant larvae may be attributed to a reduction in proliferation rather than changes in apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, isl2a regulates the transcriptional levels of marker genes in hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, and isl2a knockout causing low thyroid hormone levels in zebrafish. Thus, isl2a identified by the present study, is a novel regulator for pituitary cell differentiation in zebrafish, resulting in thyroid gland hypoplasia and phenotypes of hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Yan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Geriatric Medicine Center, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng-Yao Wu
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Jia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Run Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Xu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Meng Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Yue Zhang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ye
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang-Xia Zhao, ; Huai-Dong Song,
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang-Xia Zhao, ; Huai-Dong Song,
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Fang Y, Wan JP, Zhang RJ, Sun F, Yang L, Zhao SX, Dong M, Song HD. Tpo knockout in zebrafish partially recapitulates clinical manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism and reveals the involvement of TH in proper development of glucose homeostasis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 323-324:114033. [PMID: 35367205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a highly prevalent but treatable neonatal endocrine disorder. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) catalyzes key reactions in thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis. TPO mutations have been found to underlie approximately 5% of congenital hypothyroidism in Chinese patients with more severe phenotypes, the treatment of whom usually requires a higher dose of L-thyroxine. The Tpo gene of zebrafish has 66% homology with the human TPO gene, and synteny analysis has indicated that it is likely a human TPO ortholog. In this study, we generated a tpo-/- mutant zebrafish line through knockout of tpo with CRISPR/Cas9 and investigated the associated phenotypes. Tpo-/- mutant zebrafish displayed growth retardation; an increased number of thyroid follicular cells; and abnormal extrathyroidal phenotypes including pigmentation defects, erythema in the thoracic region, delayed scale development and failure of swim bladder secondary lobe formation. All these abnormal phenotypes were reversed by 30 nM thyroxine (T4) treatment starting at 1 month of age. Tpo-/- mutants also showed increased glucose levels during larval stages, and the increases were induced at least in part by increasing glucagon and decreasing insulin expression. Our work indicates that tpo-mutant zebrafish may serve as a human congenital hypothyroidism model for studying TPO- and TH-related disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Fang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia-Ping Wan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rui-Jia Zhang
- Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuang-Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Functions of the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on Key Developmental Features Revealed in a Series of Zebrafish Dyshormonogenesis Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081984. [PMID: 34440752 PMCID: PMC8391828 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis regulates many critical features in vertebrates. Utilizing TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques, thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta a (tshba), thyroglobulin (tg), and solute carrier family 16 member 2 (slc16a2) mutant zebrafish lines were generated. Among the three mutants, the earliest time point for the significantly altered T3 contents was observed in tshba mutants, which resulted in the most severe defects, including typical defects such as the retardation of inflated anterior swimming bladder (aSB), proper formation of fin ray and posterior squamation (SP), the larval-to-juvenile transition (LTJT) process, juvenile growth retardation, and mating failure. In tg mutants, which are actually compensated with an alternative splicing form, growth retardation was observed in the juvenile stage without LTJT and reproductive defects. The evident goiter phenotype was only observed in tg- and slc16a2 mutants, but not in tshba mutants. Other than goiters being observed, no other significant developmental defects were found in the slc16a2 mutants. Regarding the reproductive defects observed in tshba mutants, the defective formation of the secondary sex characteristics (SSCs) was observed, while no obvious alterations during gonad development were found. Based on our analyses, zebrafish at the 6–12 mm standard length or 16–35 days post-fertilization (dpf) should be considered to be in their LTJT phase. Using a series of zebrafish dyshormonogenesis models, this study demonstrated that the TSH function is critical for the proper promotion of zebrafish LTJT and SSC formation. In addition, the elevation of TSH levels appears to be essential for goiter appearance in zebrafish.
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Sawayama E, Handa Y, Nakano K, Noguchi D, Takagi M, Akiba Y, Sanada S, Yoshizaki G, Usui H, Kawamoto K, Suzuki M, Asahina K. Identification of the causative gene of a transparent phenotype of juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:167-175. [PMID: 34175895 PMCID: PMC8322342 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deformities in cultured fish species may be genetic, and identifying causative genes is essential to expand production and maintain farmed animal welfare. We previously reported a genetic deformity in juvenile red sea bream, designated a transparent phenotype. To identify its causative gene, we conducted genome-wide linkage analysis and identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located on LG23 directly linked to the transparent phenotype. The scaffold on which the two SNPs were located contained two candidate genes, duox and duoxa, which are related to thyroid hormone synthesis. Four missense mutations were found in duox and one in duoxa, with that in duoxa showing perfect association with the transparent phenotype. The mutation of duoxa was suggested to affect the transmembrane structure and thyroid-related traits, including an enlarged thyroid gland and immature erythrocytes, and lower thyroxine (T4) concentrations were observed in the transparent phenotype. The transparent phenotype was rescued by T4 immersion. Loss-of-function of duoxa by CRISPR-Cas9 induced the transparent phenotype in zebrafish. Evidence suggests that the transparent phenotype of juvenile red sea bream is caused by the missense mutation of duoxa and that this mutation disrupts thyroid hormone synthesis. The newly identified missense mutation will contribute to effective selective breeding of red sea bream to purge the causative gene of the undesirable phenotype and improve seed production of red sea bream as well as provide basic information of the mechanisms of thyroid hormones and its related diseases in fish and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitaro Sawayama
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | | | | | - Daiki Noguchi
- Nippon Total Science, Inc., Fukuyama, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Motohiro Takagi
- grid.255464.40000 0001 1011 3808South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yosuke Akiba
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuwa Sanada
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- grid.412785.d0000 0001 0695 6482Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Usui
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kenta Kawamoto
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Miwa Suzuki
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Asahina
- grid.260969.20000 0001 2149 8846Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
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8
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Tseng TL, Wang YT, Tsao CY, Ke YT, Lee YC, Hsu HJ, Poss KD, Chen CH. The RNA helicase Ddx52 functions as a growth switch in juvenile zebrafish. Development 2021; 148:271093. [PMID: 34323273 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate animals usually display robust growth trajectories during juvenile stages, and reversible suspension of this growth momentum by a single genetic determinant has not been reported. Here, we report a single genetic factor that is essential for juvenile growth in zebrafish. Using a forward genetic screen, we recovered a temperature-sensitive allele, pan (after Peter Pan), that suspends whole-organism growth at juvenile stages. Remarkably, even after growth is halted for a full 8-week period, pan mutants are able to resume a robust growth trajectory after release from the restrictive temperature, eventually growing into fertile adults without apparent adverse phenotypes. Positional cloning and complementation assays revealed that pan encodes a probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase (DEAD-Box Helicase 52; ddx52) that maintains the level of 47S precursor ribosomal RNA. Furthermore, genetic silencing of ddx52 and pharmacological inhibition of bulk RNA transcription similarly suspend the growth of flies, zebrafish and mice. Our findings reveal evidence that safe, reversible pauses of juvenile growth can be mediated by targeting the activity of a single gene, and that its pausing mechanism has high evolutionary conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lun Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ting Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Tsao
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Teng Ke
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chen-Hui Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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9
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Thyroid hormones regulate the formation and environmental plasticity of white bars in clownfishes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101634118. [PMID: 34031155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101634118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining how plasticity of developmental traits responds to environmental conditions is a challenge that must combine evolutionary sciences, ecology, and developmental biology. During metamorphosis, fish alter their morphology and color pattern according to environmental cues. We observed that juvenile clownfish (Amphiprion percula) modulate the developmental timing of their adult white bar formation during metamorphosis depending on the sea anemone species in which they are recruited. We observed an earlier formation of white bars when clownfish developed with Stichodactyla gigantea (Sg) than with Heteractis magnifica (Hm). As these bars, composed of iridophores, form during metamorphosis, we hypothesized that timing of their development may be thyroid hormone (TH) dependent. We treated clownfish larvae with TH and found that white bars developed earlier than in control fish. We further observed higher TH levels, associated with rapid white bar formation, in juveniles recruited in Sg than in Hm, explaining the faster white bar formation. Transcriptomic analysis of Sg recruits revealed higher expression of duox, a dual oxidase implicated in TH production as compared to Hm recruits. Finally, we showed that duox is an essential regulator of iridophore pattern timing in zebrafish. Taken together, our results suggest that TH controls the timing of adult color pattern formation and that shifts in duox expression and TH levels are associated with ecological differences resulting in divergent ontogenetic trajectories in color pattern development.
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10
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Gillotay P, Shankar M, Haerlingen B, Sema Elif E, Pozo‐Morales M, Garteizgogeascoa I, Reinhardt S, Kränkel A, Bläsche J, Petzold A, Ninov N, Kesavan G, Lange C, Brand M, Lefort A, Libert F, Detours V, Costagliola S, Sumeet Pal S. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals thyrocyte diversity in the zebrafish thyroid gland. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50612. [PMID: 33140917 PMCID: PMC7726803 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid gland regulates growth and metabolism via production of thyroid hormone in follicles composed of thyrocytes. So far, thyrocytes have been assumed to be a homogenous population. To uncover heterogeneity in the thyrocyte population and molecularly characterize the non-thyrocyte cells surrounding the follicle, we developed a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the region containing the zebrafish thyroid gland. The 6249-cell atlas includes profiles of thyrocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, immune cells, and fibroblasts. Further, the thyrocytes show expression heterogeneity, including bimodal expression of the transcription factor pax2a. To validate thyrocyte heterogeneity, we generated a CRISPR/Cas9-based pax2a knock-in line that monitors pax2a expression in the thyrocytes. A population of pax2a-low mature thyrocytes interspersed in individual follicles can be distinguished. We corroborate heterogeneity within the thyrocyte population using RNA sequencing of pax2a-high and pax2a-low thyrocytes, which demonstrates 20% differential expression in transcriptome between the two subpopulations. Our results identify and validate transcriptional differences within the presumed homogenous thyrocyte population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghna Shankar
- IRIBHMUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Eski Sema Elif
- IRIBHMUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Annekathrin Kränkel
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Juliane Bläsche
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- DRESDEN‐concept Genome CenterDFG NGS Competence Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Christian Lange
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Anne Lefort
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Frédérick Libert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of ExcellencePhysics of Life (PoL)TU DresdenDresdenGermany
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11
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Hutcheson DA, Xie Y, Figueroa P, Dorsky RI. A transgene targeted to the zebrafish nkx2.4b locus drives specific green fluorescent protein expression and disrupts thyroid development. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1387-1393. [PMID: 32644242 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the goal of labeling and manipulating the zebrafish hypothalamus, we sought to target a green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene to the expression domains of nkx2.4b, a gene expressed during hypothalamic and thyroid development. We combined transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs)-mediated mutagenesis with a targeting construct to enable insertion of a gfp transgene into the endogenous nkx2.4b genomic locus. RESULTS Injection of TALENs targeted to the first exon of nkx2.4b created a predicted null allele, and homozygous mutant embryos displayed loss of thyroid markers. From embryos injected with both TALENs and a targeting construct carrying a gfp transgene, we recovered a line in which GFP was expressed specifically in the hypothalamus and thyroid. Fish homozygous for this allele lacked exon 1 of nkx2.4b and exhibited hypothyroid phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS By combining TALENs injections with a targeting construct that contained a gfp transgene, we were able to recover an allele in which GFP is expressed in the nkx2.4b expression domains, with homozygous phenotypes suggesting the creation of a loss-of-function transgenic line. These results demonstrate the creation of a useful tool for studying hypothalamus and thyroid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hutcheson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Priscilla Figueroa
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard I Dorsky
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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12
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Araldi RP, Khalil C, Grignet PH, Teixeira MR, de Melo TC, Módolo DG, Fernandes LGV, Ruiz J, de Souza EB. Medical applications of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas) tool: A comprehensive overview. Gene 2020; 745:144636. [PMID: 32244056 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the double helix and the introduction of genetic engineering, the possibility to develop new strategies to manipulate the genome has fascinated scientists around the world. Currently scientists have the knowledge andabilitytoedit the genomes. Several methodologies of gene editing have been established, all of them working like "scissor", creating double strand breaks at specific spots. The introduction of a new technology, which was adapted from the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas bacterial immune system, has revolutionized the genetic therapy field, as it allows a much more precise editing of gene than the previously described tools and, therefore, to prevent and treat disease in humans. This review aims to revisit the genome editing history that led to the rediscovery of the CRISPR/Cas technology and to explore the technical aspects, applications and perspectives of this fascinating, powerful, precise, simpler and cheaper technology in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
| | - Charbel Khalil
- Reviva Research and Application Center- Lebanese University, Middle East Institute of Health University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pedro Henrique Grignet
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Michelli Ramires Teixeira
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Correa de Melo
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Ruiz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil; Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Edislane Barreiros de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetics, Molecular Biology and Mutagenesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
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13
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Stinckens E, Vergauwen L, Blackwell BR, Ankley GT, Villeneuve DL, Knapen D. Effect of Thyroperoxidase and Deiodinase Inhibition on Anterior Swim Bladder Inflation in the Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6213-6223. [PMID: 32320227 PMCID: PMC7477623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A set of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) linking inhibition of thyroperoxidase and deiodinase to impaired swim bladder inflation in fish has recently been developed. These AOPs help to establish links between these thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting molecular events and adverse outcomes relevant to aquatic ecological risk assessment. Until now, very little data on the effects of TH disruption on inflation of the anterior chamber (AC) of the swim bladder were available. The present study used zebrafish exposure experiments with three model compounds with distinct thyroperoxidase and deiodinase inhibition potencies (methimazole, iopanoic acid, and propylthiouracil) to evaluate this linkage. Exposure to all three chemicals decreased whole body triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, either through inhibition of thyroxine (T4) synthesis or through inhibition of Dio mediated conversion of T4 to T3. A quantitative relationship between reduced T3 and reduced AC inflation was established, a critical key event relationship linking impaired swim bladder inflation to TH disruption. Reduced inflation of the AC was directly linked to reductions in swimming distance compared to controls as well as to chemical-exposed fish whose ACs inflated. Together the data provide compelling support for AOPs linking TH disruption to impaired AC inflation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brett R. Blackwell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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14
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Giusti N, Gillotay P, Trubiroha A, Opitz R, Dumont JE, Costagliola S, De Deken X. Inhibition of the thyroid hormonogenic H 2O 2 production by Duox/DuoxA in zebrafish reveals VAS2870 as a new goitrogenic compound. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110635. [PMID: 31678421 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis requires extracellular hydrogen peroxide generated by the NADPH oxidases, DUOX1 and DUOX2, with maturation factors, DUOXA1 and DUOXA2. In zebrafish, only one duox and one duoxa gene are present. Using a thyroid-specific reporter line, we investigated the role of Duox and Duoxa for TH biosynthesis in zebrafish larvae. Analysis of several zebrafish duox and duoxa mutant models consistently recovered hypothyroid phenotypes with hyperplastic goiter caused by impaired TH synthesis. Mutant larvae developed enlarged thyroids and showed increased expression of the EGFP reporter and thyroid functional markers including wild-type and mutated duox and duoxa transcripts. Treatment of zebrafish larvae with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor VAS2870 phenocopied the thyroid effects observed in duox or duoxa mutants. Additional functional in vitro assays corroborated the pharmacological inhibition of Duox activity by VAS2870. These data support the utility of this new experimental model to characterize endocrine disruptors of the thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Giusti
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Gillotay
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Achim Trubiroha
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Present Address: German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Chemicals and Product Safety, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert Opitz
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Experimental Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jacques-Emile Dumont
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Xavier De Deken
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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H 2O 2 Metabolism in Normal Thyroid Cells and in Thyroid Tumorigenesis: Focus on NADPH Oxidases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050126. [PMID: 31083324 PMCID: PMC6563055 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone synthesis requires adequate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production that is utilized as an oxidative agent during the synthesis of thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroid H2O2 is generated by a member of the family of NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es), termed dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2). NOX/DUOX enzymes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their unique enzymatic activity in a timely and spatially regulated manner and therefore, are important regulators of diverse physiological processes. By contrast, dysfunctional NOX/DUOX-derived ROS production is associated with pathological conditions. Inappropriate DUOX2-generated H2O2 production results in thyroid hypofunction in rodent models. Recent studies also indicate that ROS improperly released by NOX4, another member of the NOX family, are involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the current knowledge concerning the redox regulation of thyroid hormonogenesis and cancer development with a specific emphasis on the NOX and DUOX enzymes in these processes.
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First person – Kunal Chopra. Biol Open 2019. [PMCID: PMC6398466 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Kunal Chopra is first author on ‘Zebrafish duox mutations provide a model for human congenital hypothyroidism’, published in BIO. Kunal is a PhD student in the lab of Enrique Amaya at the University of Manchester, investigating reactive oxygen species in wound healing and regeneration.
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