1
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Rajabhoj MP, Sankar S, Bondada R, Shanmukhan AP, Prasad K, Maruthachalam R. Gametophytic epigenetic regulators, MEDEA and DEMETER, synergistically suppress ectopic shoot formation in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:68. [PMID: 38341844 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The gametophytic epigenetic regulators, MEA and DME, extend their synergistic role to the sporophytic development by regulating the meristematic activity via restricting the gene expression in the shoot apex. The gametophyte-to-sporophyte transition facilitates the alternation of generations in a plant life cycle. The epigenetic regulators DEMETER (DME) and MEDEA (MEA) synergistically control central cell proliferation and differentiation, ensuring proper gametophyte-to-sporophyte transition in Arabidopsis. Mutant alleles of DME and MEA are female gametophyte lethal, eluding the recovery of recessive homozygotes to examine their role in the sporophyte. Here, we exploited the paternal transmission of these mutant alleles coupled with CENH3-haploid inducer to generate mea-1;dme-2 sporophytes. Strikingly, the simultaneous loss of function of MEA and DME leads to the emergence of ectopic shoot meristems at the apical pole of the plant body axis. DME and MEA are expressed in the developing shoot apex and regulate the expression of various shoot-promoting factors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), DNA methylation, and gene expression analysis revealed several shoot regulators as potential targets of MEA and DME. RNA interference-mediated transcriptional downregulation of shoot-promoting factors STM, CUC2, and PLT5 rescued the twin-plant phenotype to WT in 9-23% of mea-1-/-;dme-2-/- plants. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized synergistic role of MEA and DME in restricting the meristematic activity at the shoot apex during sporophytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit P Rajabhoj
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Sudev Sankar
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramesh Bondada
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | | | - Kalika Prasad
- Department of Biology, IISER Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
| | - Ravi Maruthachalam
- School of Biology, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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2
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Gombos M, Raynaud C, Nomoto Y, Molnár E, Brik-Chaouche R, Takatsuka H, Zaki A, Bernula D, Latrasse D, Mineta K, Nagy F, He X, Iwakawa H, Őszi E, An J, Suzuki T, Papdi C, Bergis C, Benhamed M, Bögre L, Ito M, Magyar Z. The canonical E2Fs together with RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED are required to establish quiescence during plant development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:903. [PMID: 37666980 PMCID: PMC10477330 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05259-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining stable and transient quiescence in differentiated and stem cells, respectively, requires repression of the cell cycle. The plant RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) has been implicated in stem cell maintenance, presumably by forming repressor complexes with E2F transcription factors. Surprisingly we find that mutations in all three canonical E2Fs do not hinder the cell cycle, but similarly to RBR silencing, result in hyperplasia. Contrary to the growth arrest that occurs when exit from proliferation to differentiation is inhibited upon RBR silencing, the e2fabc mutant develops enlarged organs with supernumerary stem and differentiated cells as quiescence is compromised. While E2F, RBR and the M-phase regulatory MYB3Rs are part of the DREAM repressor complexes, and recruited to overlapping groups of targets, they regulate distinct sets of genes. Only the loss of E2Fs but not the MYB3Rs interferes with quiescence, which might be due to the ability of E2Fs to control both G1-S and some key G2-M targets. We conclude that collectively the three canonical E2Fs in complex with RBR have central roles in establishing cellular quiescence during organ development, leading to enhanced plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Gombos
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cécile Raynaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Yuji Nomoto
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eszter Molnár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Rim Brik-Chaouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hirotomo Takatsuka
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ahmad Zaki
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Dóra Bernula
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Latrasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Keito Mineta
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Fruzsina Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Xiaoning He
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hidekazu Iwakawa
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Erika Őszi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jing An
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Csaba Papdi
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Clara Bergis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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3
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León-Ruiz JA, Cruz Ramírez A. Predicted landscape of RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED LxCxE-mediated interactions across the Chloroplastida. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1507-1524. [PMID: 36305297 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The colonization of land by a single streptophyte algae lineage some 450 million years ago has been linked to multiple key innovations such as three-dimensional growth, alternation of generations, the presence of stomata, as well as innovations inherent to the birth of major plant lineages, such as the origins of vascular tissues, roots, seeds and flowers. Multicellularity, which evolved multiple times in the Chloroplastida coupled with precise spatiotemporal control of proliferation and differentiation were instrumental for the evolution of these traits. RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR), the plant homolog of the metazoan Retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is a highly conserved and multifunctional core cell cycle regulator that has been implicated in the evolution of multicellularity in the green lineage as well as in plant multicellularity-related processes such as proliferation, differentiation, stem cell regulation and asymmetric cell division. RBR fulfills these roles through context-specific protein-protein interactions with proteins containing the Leu-x-Cys-x-Glu (LxCxE) short-linear motif (SLiM); however, how RBR-LxCxE interactions have changed throughout major innovations in the Viridiplantae kingdom is a question that remains unexplored. Here, we employ an in silico evo-devo approach to predict and analyze potential RBR-LxCxE interactions in different representative species of key Chloroplastida lineages, providing a valuable resource for deciphering RBR-LxCxE multiple functions. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that RBR-LxCxE interactions are an important component of RBR functions and that interactions with chromatin modifiers/remodelers, DNA replication and repair machinery are highly conserved throughout the Viridiplantae, while LxCxE interactions with transcriptional regulators likely diversified throughout the water-to-land transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A León-Ruiz
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera, Irapuato-León, Irapuato, 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz Ramírez
- Molecular and Developmental Complexity Group, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Cinvestav Sede Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera, Irapuato-León, Irapuato, 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico
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4
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Müller-Xing R, Xing Q. The plant stem-cell niche and pluripotency: 15 years of an epigenetic perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1018559. [PMID: 36388540 PMCID: PMC9659954 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1018559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem-cells are slowly dividing cells giving rise to daughter cells that can either differentiate to new tissues and organs, or remain stem-cells. In plants, stem-cells are located in specific niches of the shoot and root apical meristems (SAMs and RAMs). After ablation of stem-cell niches, pluripotent meristematic cells can establish new stem-cells, whereas the removal of the whole meristem destructs the regeneration process. In tissue cultures, after detached plant organs are transferred to rooting or callus induction medium (G5 or CIM), vasculature-associated pluripotent cells (VPCs) immediately start proliferation to form adventitious roots or callus, respectively, while other cell types of the organ explants basically play no part in the process. Hence, in contrast to the widely-held assumption that all plant cells have the ability to reproduce a complete organism, only few cell types are pluripotent in practice, raising the question how pluripotent stem-cells differ from differentiated cells. It is now clear that, in addition to gene regulatory networks of pluripotency factors and phytohormone signaling, epigenetics play a crucial role in initiation, maintenance and determination of plant stem-cells. Although, more and more epigenetic regulators have been shown to control plant stem-cell fate, only a few studies demonstrate how they are recruited and how they change the chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation of pluripotency factors. Here, we highlight recent breakthroughs but also revisited classical studies of epigenetic regulation and chromatin dynamics of plant stem-cells and their pluripotent precursor-cells, and point out open questions and future directions.
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5
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Nguyen V, Gutzat R. Epigenetic regulation in the shoot apical meristem. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102267. [PMID: 35985107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms form the basis of cellular memory, developmental decisions, and the cellular immune system that defends against transposons and viruses. Organs develop from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) to shape the plant's areal phenotype, and stem cells in the SAM serve as a functional germline. While many details on the regulation of stem cell pool size, organ initiation, and patterning at the meristem periphery are known, we know surprisingly little about the molecular characteristics of SAM cells, including their epigenome and how it changes during development. Here, we summarize information on epigenetic regulation of selected genes necessary for stem cell maintenance. As recent evidence suggests that SAM stem cells might be a hotspot of transposon activation, we discuss this aspect of epigenetic control in the meristem and speculate on mechanisms that maintain the flexibility of SAM stem cells in response to developmental or environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Nguyen
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Ruben Gutzat
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria.
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6
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Nomoto Y, Takatsuka H, Yamada K, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Huang Y, Latrasse D, An J, Gombos M, Breuer C, Ishida T, Maeo K, Imamura M, Yamashino T, Sugimoto K, Magyar Z, Bögre L, Raynaud C, Benhamed M, Ito M. A hierarchical transcriptional network activates specific CDK inhibitors that regulate G2 to control cell size and number in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1660. [PMID: 35351906 PMCID: PMC8964727 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHow cell size and number are determined during organ development remains a fundamental question in cell biology. Here, we identified a GRAS family transcription factor, called SCARECROW-LIKE28 (SCL28), with a critical role in determining cell size in Arabidopsis. SCL28 is part of a transcriptional regulatory network downstream of the central MYB3Rs that regulate G2 to M phase cell cycle transition. We show that SCL28 forms a dimer with the AP2-type transcription factor, AtSMOS1, which defines the specificity for promoter binding and directly activates transcription of a specific set of SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR) family genes, encoding plant-specific inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases and thus inhibiting cell cycle progression at G2 and promoting the onset of endoreplication. Through this dose-dependent regulation of SMR transcription, SCL28 quantitatively sets the balance between cell size and number without dramatically changing final organ size. We propose that this hierarchical transcriptional network constitutes a cell cycle regulatory mechanism that allows to adjust cell size and number to attain robust organ growth.
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7
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Godwin J, Farrona S. The Importance of Networking: Plant Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 and Its Interactors. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6010008. [PMID: 35323212 PMCID: PMC8948837 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is arguably the best-known plant complex of the Polycomb Group (PcG) pathway, formed by a group of proteins that epigenetically represses gene expression. PRC2-mediated deposition of H3K27me3 has amply been studied in Arabidopsis and, more recently, data from other plant model species has also been published, allowing for an increasing knowledge of PRC2 activities and target genes. How PRC2 molecular functions are regulated and how PRC2 is recruited to discrete chromatin regions are questions that have brought more attention in recent years. A mechanism to modulate PRC2-mediated activity is through its interaction with other protein partners or accessory proteins. Current evidence for PRC2 interactors has demonstrated the complexity of its protein network and how far we are from fully understanding the impact of these interactions on the activities of PRC2 core subunits and on the formation of new PRC2 versions. This review presents a list of PRC2 interactors, emphasizing their mechanistic action upon PRC2 functions and their effects on transcriptional regulation.
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8
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Liu B, Sun G, Liu C, Liu S. LEAFY COTYLEDON 2: A Regulatory Factor of Plant Growth and Seed Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121896. [PMID: 34946844 PMCID: PMC8701892 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are key molecules in the regulation of gene expression in all organisms. The transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2), which belongs to the DNA-binding protein family, contains a B3 domain. The transcription factor is involved in the regulation of important plant biological processes such as embryogenesis, somatic embryo formation, seed storage protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and other important biological processes. Recent studies have shown that LEC2 regulates the formation of lateral roots and influences the embryonic resetting of the parental vernalization state. The orthologs of LEC2 and their regulatory effects have also been identified in some crops; however, their regulatory mechanism requires further investigation. Here, we summarize the most recent findings concerning the effects of LEC2 on plant growth and seed development. In addition, we discuss the potential molecular mechanisms of the action of the LEC2 gene during plant development.
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9
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Desvoyes B, Gutierrez C. Roles of plant retinoblastoma protein: cell cycle and beyond. EMBO J 2020; 39:e105802. [PMID: 32865261 PMCID: PMC7527812 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human retinoblastoma (RB1) protein is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates cell cycle progression through its interaction with members of the E2F/DP family of transcription factors. However, RB-related (RBR) proteins are an early acquisition during eukaryote evolution present in plant lineages, including unicellular algae, ancient plants (ferns, lycophytes, liverworts, mosses), gymnosperms, and angiosperms. The main RBR protein domains and interactions with E2Fs are conserved in all eukaryotes and not only regulate the G1/S transition but also the G2/M transition, as part of DREAM complexes. RBR proteins are also important for asymmetric cell division, stem cell maintenance, and the DNA damage response (DDR). RBR proteins play crucial roles at every developmental phase transition, in association with chromatin factors, as well as during the reproductive phase during female and male gametes production and embryo development. Here, we review the processes where plant RBR proteins play a role and discuss possible avenues of research to obtain a full picture of the multifunctional roles of RBR for plant life.
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10
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Zluhan-Martínez E, Pérez-Koldenkova V, Ponce-Castañeda MV, Sánchez MDLP, García-Ponce B, Miguel-Hernández S, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Beyond What Your Retina Can See: Similarities of Retinoblastoma Function between Plants and Animals, from Developmental Processes to Epigenetic Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4925. [PMID: 32664691 PMCID: PMC7404004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is a key cell cycle regulator conserved in a wide variety of organisms. Experimental analysis of pRb's functions in animals and plants has revealed that this protein participates in cell proliferation and differentiation processes. In addition, pRb in animals and its orthologs in plants (RBR), are part of highly conserved protein complexes which suggest the possibility that analogies exist not only between functions carried out by pRb orthologs themselves, but also in the structure and roles of the protein networks where these proteins are involved. Here, we present examples of pRb/RBR participation in cell cycle control, cell differentiation, and in the regulation of epigenetic changes and chromatin remodeling machinery, highlighting the similarities that exist between the composition of such networks in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico
| | - Vadim Pérez-Koldenkova
- Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc, 330. Col. Doctores, Alc. Cuauhtémoc 06720, Mexico;
| | - Martha Verónica Ponce-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Centro Médico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
| | - Sergio Miguel-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Citopatología Ambiental, Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Campus Zacatenco, Calle Wilfrido Massieu Esquina Cda, Manuel Stampa 07738, Mexico;
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Epigenética, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, 3er Circuito Ext. Junto a J. Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM 04510, Mexico; (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (B.G.-P.)
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11
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Umeda M, Aki SS, Takahashi N. Gap 2 phase: making the fundamental decision to divide or not. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:1-6. [PMID: 30954849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Gap phases of the cell cycle are essential to perceive internal and external signals and control cell division and differentiation. However, our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying G2 progression in plants remains quite limited. In this review, we summarize recent findings about core G2-phase regulators, such as B-type cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and R1R2R3-type MYB transcription factors. We highlight developmental and stress signals that regulate expression and accumulation of the G2-phase regulators, and discuss how they fine-tune mitotic CDK activity and control cell proliferation, endoreplication and cell cycle checkpoints. A particular focus is on DNA damage-induced G2 arrest, which is prerequisite for maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Shiori S Aki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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12
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Ahmad Z, Magyar Z, Bögre L, Papdi C. Cell cycle control by the target of rapamycin signalling pathway in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2275-2284. [PMID: 30918972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells need to ensure a sufficient nutrient and energy supply before committing to proliferate. In response to positive mitogenic signals, such as light, sugar availability, and hormones, the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway promotes cell growth that connects to the entry and passage through the cell division cycle via multiple signalling mechanisms. Here, we summarize current understanding of cell cycle regulation by the RBR-E2F regulatory hub and the DREAM-like complexes, and highlight possible functional relationships between these regulators and TOR signalling. A genetic screen recently uncovered a downstream signalling component to TOR that regulates cell proliferation, YAK1, a member of the dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. YAK1 activates the plant-specific SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and therefore could be important to regulate both the CDKA-RBR-E2F pathway to control the G1/S transition and the mitotic CDKB1;1 to control the G2/M transition. TOR, as a master regulator of both protein synthesis-driven cell growth and cell proliferation is also central for cell size homeostasis. We conclude the review by briefly highlighting the potential applications of combining TOR and cell cycle knowledge in the context of ensuring future food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, Bourne Laboratory. Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bögre
- School of Biological Sciences, Bourne Laboratory. Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Csaba Papdi
- School of Biological Sciences, Bourne Laboratory. Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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13
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Leviczky T, Molnár E, Papdi C, Őszi E, Horváth GV, Vizler C, Nagy V, Pauk J, Bögre L, Magyar Z. E2FA and E2FB transcription factors coordinate cell proliferation with seed maturation. Development 2019; 146:dev.179333. [PMID: 31666236 PMCID: PMC6899031 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The E2F transcription factors and the RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED repressor protein are principal regulators coordinating cell proliferation with differentiation, but their role during seed development is little understood. We show that in fully developed Arabidopsis thaliana embryos, cell number was not affected either in single or double mutants for the activator-type E2FA and E2FB. Accordingly, these E2Fs are only partially required for the expression of cell cycle genes. In contrast, the expression of key seed maturation genes LEAFY COTYLEDON 1/2 (LEC1/2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3, FUSCA 3 and WRINKLED 1 is upregulated in the e2fab double mutant embryo. In accordance, E2FA directly regulates LEC2, and mutation at the consensus E2F-binding site in the LEC2 promoter de-represses its activity during the proliferative stage of seed development. In addition, the major seed storage reserve proteins, 12S globulin and 2S albumin, became prematurely accumulated at the proliferating phase of seed development in the e2fab double mutant. Our findings reveal a repressor function of the activator E2Fs to restrict the seed maturation programme until the cell proliferation phase is completed. Highlighted Article: During seed and embryo development the E2FA and E2FB transcription factors coordinate cell proliferation with differentiation and accumulation of seed reserves; however, they are not essential for sustaining cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Leviczky
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Molnár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Papdi
- Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Egham, UK
| | - Erika Őszi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor V. Horváth
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktór Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pauk
- Department of Biotechnology, Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd. Co., Alsó kikötő sor 9, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway University of London, Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Egham, UK
| | - Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Genome-wide identification of RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED 1 binding sites in Arabidopsis reveals novel DNA damage regulators. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007797. [PMID: 30500810 PMCID: PMC6268010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (pRb) is a multifunctional regulator, which was likely present in the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes. The Arabidopsis pRb homolog RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED 1 (RBR1), similar to its animal counterparts, controls not only cell proliferation but is also implicated in developmental decisions, stress responses and maintenance of genome integrity. Although most functions of pRb-type proteins involve chromatin association, a genome-wide understanding of RBR1 binding sites in Arabidopsis is still missing. Here, we present a plant chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol optimized for genome-wide studies of indirectly DNA-bound proteins like RBR1. Our analysis revealed binding of Arabidopsis RBR1 to approximately 1000 genes and roughly 500 transposable elements, preferentially MITES. The RBR1-decorated genes broadly overlap with previously identified targets of two major transcription factors controlling the cell cycle, i.e. E2F and MYB3R3 and represent a robust inventory of RBR1-targets in dividing cells. Consistently, enriched motifs in the RBR1-marked domains include sequences related to the E2F consensus site and the MSA-core element bound by MYB3R transcription factors. Following up a key role of RBR1 in DNA damage response, we performed a meta-analysis combining the information about the RBR1-binding sites with genome-wide expression studies under DNA stress. As a result, we present the identification and mutant characterization of three novel genes required for growth upon genotoxic stress. The Retinoblastoma (pRb) tumor suppressor is a master regulator of the cell cycle and its inactivation is associated with many types of cancer. Since pRb’s first description as a transcriptional repressor of genes important for cell cycle progression, many more functions have been elucidated, e.g. in developmental decisions and genome integrity. Homologs of human pRb have been identified in most eukaryotes, including plants, indicating an ancient evolutionary origin of pRb-type proteins. We describe here the first genome-wide DNA-binding study for a plant pRb protein, i.e. RBR1, the only pRb homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana. We see prominent binding of RBR1 to the 5’ region of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, chromatin organization and DNA repair. Moreover, we also reveal extensive binding of RBR1 to specific classes of DNA transposons. Since RBR1 is involved in a plethora of processes, our dataset provides a valuable resource for researches from different fields. As an example, we used our dataset to successfully identify new genes necessary for growth upon DNA damage exerted by drugs such as cisplatin or the environmentally prevalent metal aluminum.
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15
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Lepiniec L, Devic M, Roscoe TJ, Bouyer D, Zhou DX, Boulard C, Baud S, Dubreucq B. Molecular and epigenetic regulations and functions of the LAFL transcriptional regulators that control seed development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:291-307. [PMID: 29797091 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The LAFL (i.e. LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2) master transcriptional regulators interact to form different complexes that induce embryo development and maturation, and inhibit seed germination and vegetative growth in Arabidopsis. Orthologous genes involved in similar regulatory processes have been described in various angiosperms including important crop species. Consistent with a prominent role of the LAFL regulators in triggering and maintaining embryonic cell fate, their expression appears finely tuned in different tissues during seed development and tightly repressed in vegetative tissues by a surprisingly high number of genetic and epigenetic factors. Partial functional redundancies and intricate feedback regulations of the LAFL have hampered the elucidation of the underpinning molecular mechanisms. Nevertheless, genetic, genomic, cellular, molecular, and biochemical analyses implemented during the last years have greatly improved our knowledge of the LALF network. Here we summarize and discuss recent progress, together with current issues required to gain a comprehensive insight into the network, including the emerging function of LEC1 and possibly LEC2 as pioneer transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lepiniec
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France.
| | - M Devic
- Régulations Epigénétiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 5300 CNRS-IRD UMR DIADE, IRD centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06) & Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR 7621, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - T J Roscoe
- Régulations Epigénétiques et Développement de la Graine, ERL 5300 CNRS-IRD UMR DIADE, IRD centre de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 06) & Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique CNRS UMR 7621, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - D Bouyer
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, CNRS UMR8197, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75230, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - D-X Zhou
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris Sud 11, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - C Boulard
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - S Baud
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - B Dubreucq
- IJPB (Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin), INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
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16
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 57:2367-2379. [PMID: 30149541 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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17
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092506. [PMID: 30149541 PMCID: PMC6165531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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18
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Siqueira JA, Hardoim P, Ferreira PCG, Nunes-Nesi A, Hemerly AS. Unraveling Interfaces between Energy Metabolism and Cell Cycle in Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:731-747. [PMID: 29934041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oscillation in energy levels is widely variable in dividing and differentiated cells. To synchronize cell proliferation and energy fluctuations, cell cycle-related proteins have been implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial energy-generating pathways in yeasts and animals. Plants have chloroplasts and mitochondria, coordinating the cell energy flow. Recent findings suggest an integrated regulation of these organelles and the nuclear cell cycle. Furthermore, reports indicate a set of interactions between the cell cycle and energy metabolism, coordinating the turnover of proteins in plants. Here, we discuss how cell cycle-related proteins directly interact with energy metabolism-related proteins to modulate energy homeostasis and cell cycle progression. We provide interfaces between cell cycle and energy metabolism-related proteins that could be explored to maximize plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antonio Siqueira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil; These authors share first authorship
| | - Pablo Hardoim
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil; These authors share first authorship
| | - Paulo C G Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Hemerly
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21491-902, Brazil.
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19
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20
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Magyar Z, Bögre L, Ito M. DREAMs make plant cells to cycle or to become quiescent. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 34:100-106. [PMID: 27816815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell cycle phase specific oscillation of gene transcription has long been recognized as an underlying principle for ordered processes during cell proliferation. The G1/S-specific and G2/M-specific cohorts of genes in plants are regulated by the E2F and the MYB3R transcription factors. Mutant analysis suggests that activator E2F functions might not be fully required for cell cycle entry. In contrast, the two activator-type MYB3Rs are part of positive feedback loops to drive the burst of mitotic gene expression, which is necessary at least to accomplish cytokinesis. Repressor MYB3Rs act outside the mitotic time window during cell cycle progression, and are important for the shutdown of mitotic genes to impose quiescence in mature organs. The two distinct classes of E2Fs and MYB3Rs together with the RETINOBLATOMA RELATED are part of multiprotein complexes that may be evolutionary related to what is known as DREAM complex in animals. In plants, there are multiple such complexes with distinct compositions and functions that may be involved in the coordinated cell cycle and developmental regulation of E2F targets and mitotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Magyar
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, University of London, School of Biological Sciences, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Masaki Ito
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; JST, CREST, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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21
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Gutierrez C, Desvoyes B, Vergara Z, Otero S, Sequeira-Mendes J. Links of genome replication, transcriptional silencing and chromatin dynamics. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 34:92-99. [PMID: 27816819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome replication in multicellular organisms involves duplication of both the genetic material and the epigenetic information stored in DNA and histones. In some cases, the DNA replication process provides a window of opportunity for resetting chromatin marks in the genome of the future daughter cells instead of transferring them identical copies. This crucial step of genome replication depends on the correct function of DNA replication factors and the coordination between replication and transcription in proliferating cells. In fact, the histone composition and modification status appears to be intimately associated with the proliferation potential of cells within developing organs. Here we discuss these topics in the light of recent advances in our understanding of how genome replication, transcriptional silencing and chromatin dynamics are coordinated in proliferating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bénédicte Desvoyes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zaida Vergara
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Otero
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Sequeira-Mendes
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Seeliger I, Frerichs A, Glowa D, Velo L, Comelli P, Chandler JW, Werr W. The AP2-type transcription factors DORNRÖSCHEN and DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE promote G1/S transition. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1835-49. [PMID: 27277595 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paralogous genes DORNRÖSCHEN (DRN) and DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE (DRNL) encode AP2-type transcription factors that are expressed and act cell-autonomously in the central stem-cell zone or lateral organ founder cells (LOFCs) in the peripheral zone of the Arabidopsis shoot meristem (SAM), but their molecular contribution is unknown. Here, we show using the Arabidopsis thaliana MERISTEM LAYER 1 promoter that DRN and DRNL share a common function in cell cycle progression and potentially provide local competence for G1-S transitions in the SAM. Analysis of double transgenic DRN::erGFP and DRNL::erCERULEAN promoter fusion lines suggests that the trajectory of this cellular competence starts with DRN activity in the central stem-cell zone and extends locally via DRNL activity into groups of founder cells at the IM or FM periphery. Our data support the scenario that after gene duplication, DRN and DRNL acquired different transcription domains within the shoot meristem, but retained protein function that affects cell cycle progression, either centrally in stem cells or peripherally in primordial founder cells, a finding that is of general relevance for meristem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Seeliger
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anneke Frerichs
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dorothea Glowa
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Velo
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Comelli
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - John W Chandler
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Werr
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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23
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Harashima H, Sugimoto K. Integration of developmental and environmental signals into cell proliferation and differentiation through RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED 1. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:95-103. [PMID: 26799131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants continuously form new organs during post-embryonic development, thus progression of the proliferative cell cycle and subsequent transition into differentiation must be tightly controlled by developmental and environmental cues. Recent studies have begun to uncover how cell proliferation and cell differentiation are coordinated at the molecular level through tight transcriptional regulation of cell cycle and/or developmental regulators. Accumulating evidence suggests that RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED 1 (RBR1), the Arabidopsis homolog of the human tumor suppressor Retinoblastoma (Rb), functions as a molecular hub linking cell proliferation, differentiation, and environmental response. In this review we will discuss recent findings on cell cycle regulation, highlighting the emerging roles of RBR1 as a key integrator of internal differentiation cues and external stimuli into the cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Harashima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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24
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Dogra V, Bagler G, Sreenivasulu Y. Re-analysis of protein data reveals the germination pathway and up accumulation mechanism of cell wall hydrolases during the radicle protrusion step of seed germination in Podophyllum hexandrum- a high altitude plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:874. [PMID: 26579141 PMCID: PMC4620410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important high-altitude plant of Himalayas with immense medicinal value. Earlier, it was reported that the cell wall hydrolases were up accumulated during radicle protrusion step of Podophyllum seed germination. In the present study, Podophyllum seed Germination protein interaction Network (PGN) was constructed by using the differentially accumulated protein (DAP) data set of Podophyllum during the radicle protrusion step of seed germination, with reference to Arabidopsis protein-protein interaction network (AtPIN). The developed PGN is comprised of a giant cluster with 1028 proteins having 10,519 interactions and a few small clusters with relevant gene ontological signatures. In this analysis, a germination pathway related cluster which is also central to the topology and information dynamics of PGN was obtained with a set of 60 key proteins. Among these, eight proteins which are known to be involved in signaling, metabolism, protein modification, cell wall modification, and cell cycle regulation processes were found commonly highlighted in both the proteomic and interactome analysis. The systems-level analysis of PGN identified the key proteins involved in radicle protrusion step of seed germination in Podophyllum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dogra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India
| | - Ganesh Bagler
- Centre for Biologically Inspired System Science, Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurJodhpur, India
- Ganesh Bagler
| | - Yelam Sreenivasulu
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur, India
- *Correspondence: Yelam Sreenivasulu ;
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25
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Popov B, Petrov N. pRb-E2F signaling in life of mesenchymal stem cells: Cell cycle, cell fate, and cell differentiation. Genes Dis 2014; 1:174-187. [PMID: 30258863 PMCID: PMC6150080 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into various mesodermal lines forming fat, muscle, bone, and other lineages of connective tissue. MSCs possess plasticity and under special metabolic conditions may transform into cells of unusual phenotypes originating from ecto- and endoderm. After transplantation, MSCs release the humoral factors promoting regeneration of the damaged tissue. During last five years, the numbers of registered clinical trials of MSCs have increased about 10 folds. This gives evidence that MSCs present a new promising resource for cell therapy of the most dangerous diseases. The efficacy of the MSCs therapy is limited by low possibilities to regulate their conversion into cells of damaged tissues that is implemented by the pRb-E2F signaling. The widely accepted viewpoint addresses pRb as ubiquitous regulator of cell cycle and tumor suppressor. However, current publications suggest that basic function of the pRb-E2F signaling in development is to regulate cell fate and differentiation. Through facultative and constitutive chromatin modifications, pRb-E2F signaling promotes transient and stable cells quiescence, cell fate choice to differentiate, to senesce, or to die. Loss of pRb is associated with cancer cell fate. pRb regulates cell fate by retaining quiescence of one cell population in favor of commitment of another or by suppression of genes of different cell phenotype. pRb is the founder member of the "pocket protein" family possessing functional redundancy. Critical increase in the efficacy of the MSCs based cell therapy will depend on precise understanding of various aspects of the pRb-E2F signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Popov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.Petersburg, 4, Tikhoretsky Av., 194064, Russia
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26
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Fang SC, Chung CL, Chen CH, Lopez-Paz C, Umen JG. Defects in a new class of sulfate/anion transporter link sulfur acclimation responses to intracellular glutathione levels and cell cycle control. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:1852-68. [PMID: 25361960 PMCID: PMC4256884 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.251009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a mutation, suppressor of mating type locus3 15-1 (smt15-1), that partially suppresses the cell cycle defects caused by loss of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor-related protein encoded by the MAT3 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. smt15-1 single mutants were also found to have a cell cycle defect leading to a small-cell phenotype. SMT15 belongs to a previously uncharacterized subfamily of putative membrane-localized sulfate/anion transporters that contain a sulfate transporter domain and are found in a widely distributed subset of eukaryotes and bacteria. Although we observed that smt15-1 has a defect in acclimation to sulfur-limited growth conditions, sulfur acclimation (sac) mutants, which are more severely defective for acclimation to sulfur limitation, do not have cell cycle defects and cannot suppress mat3. Moreover, we found that smt15-1, but not sac mutants, overaccumulates glutathione. In wild-type cells, glutathione fluctuated during the cell cycle, with highest levels in mid G1 phase and lower levels during S and M phases, while in smt15-1, glutathione levels remained elevated during S and M. In addition to increased total glutathione levels, smt15-1 cells had an increased reduced-to-oxidized glutathione redox ratio throughout the cell cycle. These data suggest a role for SMT15 in maintaining glutathione homeostasis that impacts the cell cycle and sulfur acclimation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Chiung Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan County 741, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (C.-L.C.); andDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (C.L.-P., J.G.U.)
| | - Chin-Lin Chung
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan County 741, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (C.-L.C.); andDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (C.L.-P., J.G.U.)
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan County 741, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (C.-L.C.); andDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (C.L.-P., J.G.U.)
| | - Cristina Lopez-Paz
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan County 741, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (C.-L.C.); andDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (C.L.-P., J.G.U.)
| | - James G Umen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Tainan County 741, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan (S.-C.F., C.-L.C., C.-H.C.);Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (C.-L.C.); andDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (C.L.-P., J.G.U.)
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27
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Raynaud C, Mallory AC, Latrasse D, Jégu T, Bruggeman Q, Delarue M, Bergounioux C, Benhamed M. Chromatin meets the cell cycle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2677-89. [PMID: 24497647 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is one of the most comprehensively studied biological processes, due primarily to its significance in growth and development, and its deregulation in many human disorders. Studies using a diverse set of model organisms, including yeast, worms, flies, frogs, mammals, and plants, have greatly expanded our knowledge of the cell cycle and have contributed to the universally accepted view of how the basic cell cycle machinery is regulated. In addition to the oscillating activity of various cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complexes, a plethora of proteins affecting various aspects of chromatin dynamics has been shown to be essential for cell proliferation during plant development. Furthermore, it was reported recently that core cell cycle regulators control gene expression by modifying histone patterns. This review focuses on the intimate relationship between the cell cycle and chromatin. It describes the dynamics and functions of chromatin structures throughout cell cycle progression and discusses the role of heterochromatin as a barrier against re-replication and endoreduplication. It also proposes that core plant cell cycle regulators control gene expression in a manner similar to that described in mammals. At present, our challenge in plants is to define the complete set of effectors and actors that coordinate cell cycle progression and chromatin structure and to understand better the functional interplay between these two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Raynaud
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Allison C Mallory
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Latrasse
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Teddy Jégu
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Quentin Bruggeman
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marianne Delarue
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Bergounioux
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institut de Biologie des Plantes, UMR8618 Université Paris-Sud XI, 91405 Orsay, France
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28
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Kuwabara A, Gruissem W. Arabidopsis RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED and Polycomb group proteins: cooperation during plant cell differentiation and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2667-76. [PMID: 24638900 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
RETINOBLASTOMA (RB) is a tumour suppressor gene originally discovered in patients that develop eye tumours. The pRb protein is now well established as a key cell-cycle regulator which suppresses G1-S transition via interaction with E2F-DP complexes. pRb function is also required for a wide range of biological processes, including the regulation of stem-cell maintenance, cell differentiation, permanent cell-cycle exit, DNA repair, and genome stability. Such multifunctionality of pRb is thought to be facilitated through interactions with various binding partners in a context-dependent manner. Although the molecular network in which RB controls various biological processes is not fully understood, it has been found that pRb interacts with transcription factors and chromatin modifiers to either suppress or promote the expression of key genes during the switch from cell proliferation to differentiation. RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) is the plant orthologue of RB and is also known to negatively control the G1-S transition. Similar to its animal counterpart, plant RBR has various roles throughout plant development; however, much of its molecular functions outside of the G1-S transition are still unknown. One of the better-characterized molecular mechanisms is the cooperation of RBR with the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) during plant-specific developmental events. This review summarizes the current understanding of this cooperation and focuses on the processes in Arabidopsis in which the RBR-PRC2 cooperation facilitates cell differentiation and developmental transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Kuwabara
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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29
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Lee E, Lucas JR, Goodrich J, Sack FD. Arabidopsis guard cell integrity involves the epigenetic stabilization of the FLP and FAMA transcription factor genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:566-77. [PMID: 24654956 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis guard cell (GC) fate is conferred via a transient pulse of expression of FAMA that encodes a bHLH transcription factor. Stomata often function for years, suggesting that the FAMA expression window stabilizes long-term GC identity or that additional factors operate. Transgenic lines harboring a copy of a FAMA transgene were found to induce the fate resetting of mature GCs to that of lineage-specific stem cells causing new stomata to arise within shells of the old, a Stoma-in-Stoma (SIS) phenotype. These lines disrupt the normal trimethylation on lysine 27 of histone3 (H3K27me3) on stomatal stem cell genes, a phenotype rescued by constitutive expression of the Polycomb Group (PcG) gene CURLY LEAF. Thus the stability of stomatal fate is enforced by a PcG-mediated reduction in the transcriptional accessibility of stem cell genes and by the endogenous FAMA gene itself. Moreover, a transgenic FOUR LIPS gene, which encodes a MYB protein that is not required for GC fate, also induces a SIS phenotype and disrupts H3K27 trimethylation. Thus FLP might indirectly enforce GC fate as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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30
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Lee E, Lucas JR, Sack FD. Deep functional redundancy between FAMA and FOUR LIPS in stomatal development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:555-65. [PMID: 24571519 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Functional redundancy arises between gene paralogs as well as non-homologous genes that play a common role at a shared node. The bHLH transcription factor FAMA, along with the paralogous MYB genes, FOUR LIPS (FLP) and MYB88 all ensure that Arabidopsis stomata contain just two guard cells (GCs) by enforcing a single symmetric precursor cell division before stomatal maturity. Consistent with this function, FLP and FAMA exhibit the same expression pattern in which both translational GFP fusions emit fluorescence just before and after symmetric division; however, FAMA but not FLP is required to confer GC fate. Strikingly, swapping the genes and promoters of the FLP and FAMA genes results in the reciprocal complementation of respective loss-of-function mutants. Thus, an FLP transgene can restore GC fate to a fama mutant background. FAMA, FLP and the FLP paralog MYB88 were previously shown to influence higher order functions in stomatal development, including maintaining and stabilizing stomatal fate. Here we show that these overlapping functions are likely to also involve interactions between FLP and FAMA with the RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyoung Lee
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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31
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Ühlken C, Horvath B, Stadler R, Sauer N, Weingartner M. MAIN-LIKE1 is a crucial factor for correct cell division and differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:107-20. [PMID: 24635680 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant development requires accurate coordination of gene expression, both in actively dividing meristematic cells and differentiated cells. Cell fate establishment and maintenance, among others, are mediated by chromatin organization complexes that determine the stable transcriptional states of specific cell types. Here, we focus on MAIN-LIKE1 (MAIL1), one of three homologs of MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEMS (MAIN), which form a plant-specific gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that MAIL1 encodes a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. A mail1 loss-of-function mutant developed short primary roots, in which the meristematic cells accumulated DNA double-strand breaks and underwent massive cell death. In addition, mail1 mutant showed also cell differentiation defects in root and shoot tissues, and developed disorganized callus-like structures. The genetic interaction between main and mail1 mutants suggests that they act in the same pathway, and that both are essential for maintaining correct cell division acitivity in meristematic cells, while MAIL1 has an additional function in differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ühlken
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie and Erlangen Center of Plant Science, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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32
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Lastdrager J, Hanson J, Smeekens S. Sugar signals and the control of plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:799-807. [PMID: 24453229 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugars have a central regulatory function in steering plant growth. This review focuses on information presented in the past 2 years on key players in sugar-mediated plant growth regulation, with emphasis on trehalose 6-phosphate, target of rapamycin kinase, and Snf1-related kinase 1 regulatory systems. The regulation of protein synthesis by sugars is fundamental to plant growth control, and recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of translation by sugars will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Lastdrager
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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33
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Varhaníková M, Uvackova L, Skultety L, Pretova A, Obert B, Hajduch M. Comparative quantitative proteomic analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli in maize suggests the role of oxylipins in plant totipotency. J Proteomics 2014; 104:57-65. [PMID: 24530378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Totipotency, the ability of somatic plant cell to generate whole plant through somatic embryogenesis, is still not well understood. In this study, maize immature zygotic embryos were used to generate embryogenic (EC) and non-embryogenic (NEC) calli. In order to compare proteomes of EC and NEC, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) in combination with mass spectrometry was used. This approach resulted into 361 quantified 2-DE spots out of which 44 were found statistically significantly differentially abundant between EC and NEC. Mass spectrometry provided the identity for 23 proteins that were classified into 8 metabolic categories. The most abundant were proteins associated with energy followed by proteins associated with disease and defense. Based on the abundances of identified proteins in this and other studies, working model for plant totipotency was proposed. One aspect of this working model suggests that increased abundances of proteins associated with pyruvate biosynthesis and suppression of embryogenic genes might be responsible for differences between EC and NEC cells. Furthermore we speculate that the increased abundance of lipoxygenase in the NEC cells results in changes in the equilibrium levels of one or more signaling molecules and is at least partly responsible for somatic cell reprogramming during totipotency. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Totipotency, the ability of somatic plant cell to generate whole plant through somatic embryogenesis, is still not well understood. In order to further advance understanding of this biological phenomenon, proteomes of embryogenic and non-embryogenic callus, derived from immature zygotic embryos of inbred maize line A19, were compared using 2-DE based proteomic technology. Based on the abundances of identified proteins in this and other studies, working model for plant totipotency was proposed. One aspect of this working model suggests that increased abundances of proteins associated with pyruvate biosynthesis and suppression of embryogenic genes might be responsible for differences between EC and NEC cells. Furthermore we speculate that the increased abundance of lipoxygenase in the NEC cells results in changes in the equilibrium levels of one or more signaling molecules and is at least partly responsible for somatic cell reprogramming during totipotency. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Environmental and structural proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Varhaníková
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Lubica Uvackova
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Skultety
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pretova
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia; University of Cyril and Method, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Bohuš Obert
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Martin Hajduch
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia; Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Lin HY, Chen JC, Wei MJ, Lien YC, Li HH, Ko SS, Liu ZH, Fang SC. Genome-wide annotation, expression profiling, and protein interaction studies of the core cell-cycle genes in Phalaenopsis aphrodite. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:203-26. [PMID: 24222213 PMCID: PMC3840290 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in the plant kingdom and its unique developmental patterns have drawn the attention of many evolutionary biologists. Particular areas of interest have included the co-evolution of pollinators and distinct floral structures, and symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal flora. However, comprehensive studies to decipher the molecular basis of growth and development in orchids remain scarce. Cell proliferation governed by cell-cycle regulation is fundamental to growth and development of the plant body. We took advantage of recently released transcriptome information to systematically isolate and annotate the core cell-cycle regulators in the moth orchid Phalaenopsis aphrodite. Our data verified that Phalaenopsis cyclin-dependent kinase A (CDKA) is an evolutionarily conserved CDK. Expression profiling studies suggested that core cell-cycle genes functioning during the G1/S, S, and G2/M stages were preferentially enriched in the meristematic tissues that have high proliferation activity. In addition, subcellular localization and pairwise interaction analyses of various combinations of CDKs and cyclins, and of E2 promoter-binding factors and dimerization partners confirmed interactions of the functional units. Furthermore, our data showed that expression of the core cell-cycle genes was coordinately regulated during pollination-induced reproductive development. The data obtained establish a fundamental framework for study of the cell-cycle machinery in Phalaenopsis orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yin Lin
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., Xinshi District, Tainan, 741 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Jhun-Chen Chen
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., Xinshi District, Tainan, 741 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ju Wei
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., Xinshi District, Tainan, 741 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lien
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., Xinshi District, Tainan, 741 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Huang-Hsien Li
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., Xinshi District, Tainan, 741 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Swee-Suak Ko
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., Xinshi District, Tainan, 741 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Zin-Huang Liu
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
| | - Su-Chiung Fang
- Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, No. 59, Siraya Blvd., Xinshi District, Tainan, 741 Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
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35
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Dorca-Fornell C, Pajor R, Lehmeier C, Pérez-Bueno M, Bauch M, Sloan J, Osborne C, Rolfe S, Sturrock C, Mooney S, Fleming A. Increased leaf mesophyll porosity following transient retinoblastoma-related protein silencing is revealed by microcomputed tomography imaging and leads to a system-level physiological response to the altered cell division pattern. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 76:914-29. [PMID: 24118480 PMCID: PMC4282533 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The causal relationship between cell division and growth in plants is complex. Although altered expression of cell-cycle genes frequently leads to altered organ growth, there are many examples where manipulation of the division machinery leads to a limited outcome at the level of organ form, despite changes in constituent cell size. One possibility, which has been under-explored, is that altered division patterns resulting from manipulation of cell-cycle gene expression alter the physiology of the organ, and that this has an effect on growth. We performed a series of experiments on retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR), a well characterized regulator of the cell cycle, to investigate the outcome of altered cell division on leaf physiology. Our approach involved combination of high-resolution microCT imaging and physiological analysis with a transient gene induction system, providing a powerful approach for the study of developmental physiology. Our investigation identifies a new role for RBR in mesophyll differentiation that affects tissue porosity and the distribution of air space within the leaf. The data demonstrate the importance of RBR in early leaf development and the extent to which physiology adapts to modified cellular architecture resulting from altered cell-cycle gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Dorca-Fornell
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Radoslaw Pajor
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Christoph Lehmeier
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marísa Pérez-Bueno
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marion Bauch
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jen Sloan
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Colin Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stephen Rolfe
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Craig Sturrock
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sacha Mooney
- Division of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of NottinghamSutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew Fleming
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of SheffieldWestern Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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36
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Racolta A, Bryan AC, Tax FE. The receptor-like kinases GSO1 and GSO2 together regulate root growth in Arabidopsis through control of cell division and cell fate specification. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:257-78. [PMID: 24123341 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root apical meristem of Arabidopsis is established post-embryonically as the main source of root cells, and its activity is maintained by complex bidirectional signaling between stem cells and mature cells. The receptor-like kinases GASSHO1 (GSO1) and GSO2 have been shown to regulate aerial epidermal function and seedling growth in Arabidopsis. RESULTS Here we show that gso1; gso2 seedlings also have root growth and patterning defects. Analyses of mutant root morphology indicate abnormal numbers of cells in longitudinal files and radial cell layers, as well as aberrant stem cell division planes. gso1; gso2 double mutants misexpress markers for stem cells and differentiated root cell types. In addition, gso1; gso2 root growth defects, but not marker missexpression or patterning phenotypes, are rescued by growth on media containing metabolizable sugars. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that GSO1 and GSO2 function together in intercellular signaling to positively regulate cell proliferation, differentiation of root cell types, and stem cell identity. In addition, GSO1 and GSO2 control seedling root growth by modulating sucrose response after germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Racolta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Perilli S, Perez-Perez JM, Di Mambro R, Peris CL, Díaz-Triviño S, Del Bianco M, Pierdonati E, Moubayidin L, Cruz-Ramírez A, Costantino P, Scheres B, Sabatini S. RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED protein stimulates cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root meristem by interacting with cytokinin signaling. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4469-78. [PMID: 24285791 PMCID: PMC3875730 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.116632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of mitotic cell clusters such as meristematic cells depends on their capacity to maintain the balance between cell division and cell differentiation necessary to control organ growth. In the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem, the antagonistic interaction of two hormones, auxin and cytokinin, regulates this balance by positioning the transition zone, where mitotically active cells lose their capacity to divide and initiate their differentiation programs. In animals, a major regulator of both cell division and cell differentiation is the tumor suppressor protein RETINOBLASTOMA. Here, we show that similarly to its homolog in animal systems, the plant RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) protein regulates the differentiation of meristematic cells at the transition zone by allowing mRNA accumulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR19 (ARF19), a transcription factor involved in cell differentiation. We show that both RBR and the cytokinin-dependent transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 are required to activate the transcription of ARF19, which is involved in promoting cell differentiation and thus root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Perilli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - José Manuel Perez-Perez
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Di Mambro
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Llavata Peris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Díaz-Triviño
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Del Bianco
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pierdonati
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Ramírez
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ben Scheres
- Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Model Systems, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Jia H, McCarty DR, Suzuki M. Distinct roles of LAFL network genes in promoting the embryonic seedling fate in the absence of VAL repression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1293-305. [PMID: 24043445 PMCID: PMC3813651 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The transition between seed and seedling phases of development is coordinated by an interaction between the closely related ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), FUSCA3 (FUS3), and LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2; AFL) and VIVIPAROUS1/ABI3-LIKE (VAL) clades of the B3 transcription factor family that respectively activate and repress the seed maturation program. In the val1 val2 double mutant, derepression of the LEC1, LEC1-LIKE (L1L), and AFL (LAFL) network is associated with misexpression of embryonic characteristics resulting in arrested seedling development. We show that while the frequency of the embryonic fate in val1 val2 seedlings depends on the developmental timing of seed rescue, VAL proteins repress LAFL genes during germination, but not during seed development. Quantitative analysis of LAFL mutants that suppress the val1 val2 seedling phenotype revealed distinct roles of LAFL genes in promoting activation of the LAFL network. LEC2 and FUS3 are both essential for coordinate activation of the network, whereas effects of LEC1, L1L, and ABI3 are additive. Suppression of the val1 val2 seedling phenotype by the B3 domain-deficient abi3-12 mutation indicates that ABI3 activation of the LAFL network requires the B3 DNA-binding domain. In the VAL-deficient background, coordinate regulation of the LAFL network is observed over a wide range of genetic and developmental conditions. Our findings highlight distinct functional roles and interactions of LAFL network genes that are uncovered in the absence of VAL repressors.
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39
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Jia H, Suzuki M, McCarty DR. Regulation of the seed to seedling developmental phase transition by the LAFL and VAL transcription factor networks. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 3:135-45. [PMID: 24902838 PMCID: PMC4282589 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the seed, a fundamental transition between embryo and vegetative phases of plant development is coordinated by the interaction between the AFL and VAL sub-clades of the plant specific B3 domain transcription factor family. The AFL B3 factors together with LEC1-type HAP3 transcription factors promote embryo maturation; whereas the VAL B3 factors repress the LEC1/AFL (LAFL) network during seed germination. Recent advances reveal that genes in key developmental programs and hormone signaling pathways are downstream targets of the LAFL network highlighting the central role of the LAFL network in integration of intrinsic developmental and hormonal signals during plant development. The VAL B3 proteins are proposed to mediate repression by recruiting a histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) to LAFL genes that contain the Sph/RY cis-element recognized by AFL and VAL B3-DNA-binding domains. In addition to VAL B3 factors, epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in maintaining repression of LAFL network during vegetative development. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:135–145. doi: 10.1002/wdev.126
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jia
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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40
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41
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Han SK, Sang Y, Rodrigues A, Wu MF, Rodriguez PL, Wagner D. The SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling ATPase BRAHMA represses abscisic acid responses in the absence of the stress stimulus in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2012; 24:4892-906. [PMID: 23209114 PMCID: PMC3556964 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The survival of plants as sessile organisms depends on their ability to cope with environmental challenges. Of key importance in this regard is the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ABA not only promotes seed dormancy but also triggers growth arrest in postgermination embryos that encounter water stress. This is accompanied by increased desiccation tolerance. Postgermination ABA responses in Arabidopsis thaliana are mediated in large part by the ABA-induced basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5). Here, we show that loss of function of the SWI2/SNF2 chromatin remodeling ATPase BRAHMA (BRM) causes ABA hypersensitivity during postgermination growth arrest. ABI5 expression was derepressed in brm mutants in the absence of exogenous ABA and accumulated to high levels upon ABA sensing. This effect was likely direct; chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed BRM binding to the ABI5 locus. Moreover, loss of BRM activity led to destabilization of a nucleosome likely to repress ABI5 transcription. Finally, the abi5 null mutant was epistatic to BRM in postgermination growth arrest. In addition, vegetative growth defects typical of brm mutants in the absence of ABA treatment could be partially overcome by reduction of ABA responses, and brm mutants displayed increased drought tolerance. We propose a role for BRM in the balance between growth or stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Han
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yi Sang
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Americo Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas–Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - BIOL425 F2010
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Miin-Feng Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Pedro L. Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas–Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Address correspondence to
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Gutzat R, Mittelsten Scheid O. Epigenetic responses to stress: triple defense? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 15:568-73. [PMID: 22960026 PMCID: PMC3508409 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stressful conditions for plants can originate from numerous physical, chemical and biological factors, and plants have developed a plethora of survival strategies including developmental and morphological adaptations, specific signaling and defense pathways as well as innate and acquired immunity. While it has become clear in recent years that many stress responses involve epigenetic components, we are far from understanding the mechanisms and molecular interactions. Extending our knowledge is fundamental, not least for plant breeding and conservation biology. This review will highlight recent insights into epigenetic stress responses at the level of signaling, chromatin modification, and potentially heritable consequences.
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Abstract
Stem cells play a critical role during embryonic development and in the maintenance of homeostasis in adult individuals. A better understanding of stem cell biology, including embryonic and adult stem cells, will allow the scientific community to better comprehend a number of pathologies and possibly design novel approaches to treat patients with a variety of diseases. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor RB controls the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cells, and accumulating evidence points to a central role for RB activity in the biology of stem and progenitor cells. In some contexts, loss of RB function in stem or progenitor cells is a key event in the initiation of cancer and determines the subtype of cancer arising from these pluripotent cells by altering their fate. In other cases, RB inactivation is often not sufficient to initiate cancer but may still lead to some stem cell expansion, raising the possibility that strategies aimed at transiently inactivating RB might provide a novel way to expand functional stem cell populations. Future experiments dedicated to better understanding how RB and the RB pathway control a stem cell's decisions to divide, self-renew, or give rise to differentiated progeny may eventually increase our capacity to control these decisions to enhance regeneration or help prevent cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sage
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Genetics, Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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44
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Gutzat R, Borghi L, Gruissem W. Emerging roles of RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED proteins in evolution and plant development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:139-48. [PMID: 22240181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) proteins are plant homologs of the human tumor suppressor pRB. Similar to their animal counterparts they have roles in cell cycle regulation and differentiation. We discuss recent findings of the evolution of RBR functions ranging from a molecular ruler and metabolic integrator in algae to a coordinator of differentiation in gametophytes. Genetic analysis and manipulation of protein levels during gametophytic and post-embryonic plant development are now providing new insights into the function of RBR in stem cell maintenance, cell specification and differentiation. We briefly explain interactions of RBR with chromatin-modifying complexes that appear to be a central underlying molecular mechanism during developmental transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Gutzat
- Department of Biology, Plant Biotechnology, Universitaetsstrasse 2, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Magyar Z, Horváth B, Khan S, Mohammed B, Henriques R, De Veylder L, Bakó L, Scheres B, Bögre L. Arabidopsis E2FA stimulates proliferation and endocycle separately through RBR-bound and RBR-free complexes. EMBO J 2012; 31:1480-93. [PMID: 22307083 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-embryonic growth in plants depends on the continuous supply of undifferentiated cells within meristems. Proliferating cells maintain their competence for division by active repression of differentiation and the associated endocycle entry. We show by upregulation and downregulation of E2FA that it is required for maintaining proliferation, as well as for endocycle entry. While E2FB-RBR1 (retinoblastoma-related protein 1) complexes are reduced after sucrose addition or at elevated CYCD3;1 levels, E2FA maintains a stable complex with RBR1 in proliferating cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that RBR1 binds in the proximity of E2F promoter elements in CCS52A1 and CSS52A2 genes, central regulators for the switch from proliferation to endocycles. Overexpression of a truncated E2FA mutant (E2FA(ΔRB)) lacking the RBR1-binding domain interferes with RBR1 recruitment to promoters through E2FA, leading to decreased meristem size in roots, premature cell expansion and hyperactivated endocycle in leaves. E2F target genes, including CCS52A1 and CCS52A2, are upregulated in E2FA(ΔRB) and e2fa knockout lines. These data suggest that E2FA in complex with RBR1 forms a repressor complex in proliferating cells to inhibit premature differentiation and endocycle entry. Thus, E2FA regulates organ growth via two distinct, sequentially operating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Magyar
- Royal Holloway, University of London, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Egham, UK.
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