1
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Tian H, Lyu R, Yi P. Crosstalk between Rho of Plants GTPase signalling and plant hormones. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3778-3796. [PMID: 38616410 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Rho of Plants (ROPs) constitute a plant-specific subset of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins within the Cdc42/Rho/Rac family. These versatile proteins regulate diverse cellular processes, including cell growth, cell division, cell morphogenesis, organ development, and stress responses. In recent years, the dynamic cellular and subcellular behaviours orchestrated by ROPs have unveiled a notable connection to hormone-mediated organ development and physiological responses, thereby expanding our knowledge of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of this signalling pathway. This review delineates advancements in understanding the interplay between plant hormones and the ROP signalling cascade, focusing primarily on the connections with auxin and abscisic acid pathways, alongside preliminary discoveries in cytokinin, brassinosteroid, and salicylic acid responses. It endeavours to shed light on the intricate, coordinated mechanisms bridging cell- and tissue-level signals that underlie plant cell behaviour, organ development, and physiological processes, and highlights future research prospects and challenges in this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruohan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Peishan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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2
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Lewis M, Ono K, Qin Z, Johnsen RC, Baillie DL, Ono S. The α-arrestin SUP-13/ARRD-15 promotes isoform turnover of actin-interacting protein 1 in Caenorhabditis elegans striated muscle. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad330. [PMID: 37869480 PMCID: PMC10590129 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Precise arrangement of actin, myosin, and other regulatory components in a sarcomeric pattern is critical for producing contractile forces in striated muscles. Actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD-repeat protein 1 (WDR1), is one of essential factors that regulate sarcomeric assembly of actin filaments. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, mutation in unc-78, encoding one of the two AIP1 isoforms, causes severe disorganization of sarcomeric actin filaments and near paralysis, but mutation in sup-13 suppresses the unc-78-mutant phenotypes to restore nearly normal sarcomeric actin organization and worm motility. Here, we identified that sup-13 is a nonsense allele of arrd-15 encoding an α-arrestin. The sup-13/arrd-15 mutation suppressed the phenotypes of unc-78 null mutant but required aipl-1 that encodes a second AIP1 isoform. aipl-1 was normally expressed highly in embryos and downregulated in mature muscle. However, in the sup-13/arrd-15 mutant, the AIPL-1 protein was maintained at high levels in adult muscle to compensate for the absence of the UNC-78 protein. The sup-13/arrd-15 mutation caused accumulation of ubiquitinated AIPL-1 protein, suggesting that a normal function of sup-13/arrd-15 is to enhance degradation of ubiquitinated AIPL-1, thereby promoting transition of AIP1 isoforms from AIPL-1 to UNC-78 in developing muscle. These results suggest that α-arrestin is a novel factor to promote isoform turnover by enhancing protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lewis
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kanako Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Qin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Robert C Johnsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David L Baillie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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3
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Ban S, El-Sharkawy I, Zhao J, Fei Z, Xu K. An apple somatic mutation of delayed fruit maturation date is primarily caused by a retrotransposon insertion-associated large deletion. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1609-1625. [PMID: 35861682 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations may alter important traits in tree fruits, such as fruit color, size and maturation date. Autumn Gala (AGala), a somatic mutation from apple cultivar Gala, matures 4 weeks later than Gala. To understand the mechanisms underlying the delayed maturation, RNA-seq analyses were conducted with fruit sampled at 13 (Gala) and 16 (AGala) time-points during their growth and development. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 23 372 differentially expressed genes resulted in 25 WGCNA modules. Of these, modules 1 (r = -0.98, P = 2E-21) and 2 (r = -0.52, P = 0.004), which were suppressed in AGala, were correlated with fruit maturation date. Surprisingly, 77 of the 152 member genes in module 1 were harbored in a 2.8-Mb genomic region on chromosome 6 that was deleted and replaced by a 10.7-kb gypsy-like retrotransposon (Gy-36) from chromosome 7 in AGala. Among the 77 member genes, MdACT7 was the most suppressed (by 10.5-fold) in AGala due to a disruptive 2.5-kb insertion in coding sequence. Moreover, MdACT7 is the exclusive apple counterpart of Arabidopsis ACT7 known of essential roles in plant development, and the functional allele MdACT7, which was lost to the deletion in AGala, was associated with early fruit maturation in 268 apple accessions. Overexpressing alleles MdACT7 and Mdact7 in an Arabidopsis act7 line showed that MdACT7 largely rescued its stunted growth and delayed initial flowering while Mdact7 did not. Therefore, the 2.8-Mb hemizygous deletion is largely genetically causal for fruit maturation delay in AGala, and the total loss of MdACT7 might have contributed to the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Ban
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, New York, USA
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, New York, USA
| | | | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kenong Xu
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell Agritech, Geneva, New York, USA
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4
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Chin S, Kwon T, Khan BR, Sparks JA, Mallery EL, Szymanski DB, Blancaflor EB. Spatial and temporal localization of SPIRRIG and WAVE/SCAR reveal roles for these proteins in actin-mediated root hair development. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2131-2148. [PMID: 33881536 PMCID: PMC8364238 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are single-cell protrusions that enable roots to optimize nutrient and water acquisition. These structures attain their tubular shapes by confining growth to the cell apex, a process called tip growth. The actin cytoskeleton and endomembrane systems are essential for tip growth; however, little is known about how these cellular components coordinate their activities during this process. Here, we show that SPIRRIG (SPI), a beige and Chediak Higashi domain-containing protein involved in membrane trafficking, and BRK1 and SCAR2, subunits of the WAVE/SCAR (W/SC) actin nucleating promoting complex, display polarized localizations in Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs during distinct developmental stages. SPI accumulates at the root hair apex via post-Golgi compartments and positively regulates tip growth by maintaining tip-focused vesicle secretion and filamentous-actin integrity. BRK1 and SCAR2 on the other hand, mark the root hair initiation domain to specify the position of root hair emergence. Consistent with the localization data, tip growth was reduced in spi and the position of root hair emergence was disrupted in brk1 and scar1234. BRK1 depletion coincided with SPI accumulation as root hairs transitioned from initiation to tip growth. Taken together, our work uncovers a role for SPI in facilitating actin-dependent root hair development in Arabidopsis through pathways that might intersect with W/SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chin
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Taegun Kwon
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Bibi Rafeiza Khan
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - J. Alan Sparks
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
| | - Eileen L. Mallery
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Daniel B. Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Elison B. Blancaflor
- Noble Research Institute LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401, USA
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5
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Li C, Li L, Reynolds MP, Wang J, Chang X, Mao X, Jing R. Recognizing the hidden half in wheat: root system attributes associated with drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5117-5133. [PMID: 33783492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving drought tolerance in wheat is crucial for maintaining productivity and food security. Roots are responsible for the uptake of water from soil, and a number of root traits are associated with drought tolerance. Studies have revealed many quantitative trait loci and genes controlling root development in plants. However, the genetic dissection of root traits in response to drought in wheat is still unclear. Here, we review crop root traits associated with drought, key genes governing root development in plants, and quantitative trait loci and genes regulating root system architecture under water-limited conditions in wheat. Deep roots, optimal root length density and xylem diameter, and increased root surface area are traits contributing to drought tolerance. In view of the diverse environments in which wheat is grown, the balance among root and shoot traits, as well as individual and population performance, are discussed. The known functions of key genes provide information for the genetic dissection of root development of wheat in a wide range of conditions, and will be beneficial for molecular marker development, marker-assisted selection, and genetic improvement in breeding for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Jingyi Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Chang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinguo Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruilian Jing
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement/Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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6
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Takatsuka H, Ito M. Cytoskeletal Control of Planar Polarity in Root Hair Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580935. [PMID: 33014003 PMCID: PMC7496891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.580935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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7
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Diao M, Li X, Huang S. Arabidopsis AIP1-1 regulates the organization of apical actin filaments by promoting their turnover in pollen tubes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 63:239-250. [PMID: 31240522 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apical actin filaments are highly dynamic structures that are crucial for rapid pollen tube growth, but the mechanisms regulating their dynamics and spatial organization remain incompletely understood. We here identify that AtAIP1-1 is important for regulating the turnover and organization of apical actin filaments in pollen tubes. AtAIP1-1 is distributed uniformly in the pollen tube and loss of function of AtAIP1-1 affects the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in the pollen tube. Specifically, actin filaments became disorganized within the apical region of aip1-1 pollen tubes. Consistent with the role of apical actin filaments in spatially restricting vesicles in pollen tubes, the apical region occupied by vesicles becomes enlarged in aip1-1 pollen tubes compared to WT. Using ADF1 as a representative actin-depolymerizing factor, we demonstrate that AtAIP1-1 enhances ADF1-mediated actin depolymerization and filament severing in vitro, although AtAIP1-1 alone does not have an obvious effect on actin assembly and disassembly. The dynamics of apical actin filaments are reduced in aip1-1 pollen tubes compared to WT. Our study suggests that AtAIP1-1 works together with ADF to act as a module in regulating the dynamics of apical actin filaments to facilitate the construction of the unique "apical actin structure" in the pollen tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Diao
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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8
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Denninger P, Reichelt A, Schmidt VAF, Mehlhorn DG, Asseck LY, Stanley CE, Keinath NF, Evers JF, Grefen C, Grossmann G. Distinct RopGEFs Successively Drive Polarization and Outgrowth of Root Hairs. Curr Biol 2019; 29:1854-1865.e5. [PMID: 31104938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular protrusions of the root epidermis that significantly enlarge the exploitable soil volume in the rhizosphere. Trichoblasts, the cell type responsible for root hair formation, switch from cell elongation to tip growth through polarization of the growth machinery to a predefined root hair initiation domain (RHID) at the plasma membrane. The emergence of this polar domain resembles the establishment of cell polarity in other eukaryotic systems [1-3]. Rho-type GTPases of plants (ROPs) are among the first molecular determinants of the RHID [4, 5], and later play a central role in polar growth [6]. Numerous studies have elucidated mechanisms that position the RHID in the cell [7-9] or regulate ROP activity [10-18]. The molecular players that target ROPs to the RHID and initiate outgrowth, however, have not been identified. We dissected the timing of the growth machinery assembly in polarizing hair cells and found that positioning of molecular players and outgrowth are temporally separate processes that are each controlled by specific ROP guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). A functional analysis of trichoblast-specific GEFs revealed GEF3 to be required for normal ROP polarization and thus efficient root hair emergence, whereas GEF4 predominantly regulates subsequent tip growth. Ectopic expression of GEF3 induced the formation of spatially confined, ROP-recruiting domains in other cell types, demonstrating the role of GEF3 to serve as a membrane landmark during cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Denninger
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Reichelt
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa A F Schmidt
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar G Mehlhorn
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Y Asseck
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claire E Stanley
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Agroecology and Environment Research Division, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nana F Keinath
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Felix Evers
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Grefen
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Excellence Cluster CellNetworks, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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9
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Gendre D, Baral A, Dang X, Esnay N, Boutté Y, Stanislas T, Vain T, Claverol S, Gustavsson A, Lin D, Grebe M, Bhalerao RP. Rho-of-plant activated root hair formation requires Arabidopsis YIP4a/b gene function. Development 2019; 146:dev.168559. [PMID: 30770391 PMCID: PMC6432664 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are protrusions from root epidermal cells with crucial roles in plant soil interactions. Although much is known about patterning, polarity and tip growth of root hairs, contributions of membrane trafficking to hair initiation remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the trans-Golgi network-localized YPT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4a and YPT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4b (YIP4a/b) contribute to activation and plasma membrane accumulation of Rho-of-plant (ROP) small GTPases during hair initiation, identifying YIP4a/b as central trafficking components in ROP-dependent root hair formation. Summary: YPT-interacting proteins 4a and 4b (YIP4a/b) contribute to activation and plasma membrane accumulation of Rho-of-plant (ROP) small GTPases during hair initiation, identifying YIP4a/b as central trafficking components in ROP-dependent root hair formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gendre
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anirban Baral
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xie Dang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France
| | - Yohann Boutté
- CNRS-University of Bordeaux, UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory, INRA Bordeaux Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon 33140, France
| | - Thomas Stanislas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Thomas Vain
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Claverol
- Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Plateforne Protéome, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Anna Gustavsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Deshu Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Markus Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany .,Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Li J, Kim T, Szymanski DB. Multi-scale regulation of cell branching: Modeling morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2018; 451:40-52. [PMID: 30529250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are driven by extended phases of irreversible cell expansion generating cells that increase in volume from 10- to 100-fold. Some specialized cell types define cortical sites that reinitiate polarized growth and generate branched cell morphology. This structural specialization of individual cells has a major importance for plant adaptation to diverse environments and practical importance in agricultural contexts. The patterns of cell shape are defined by highly integrated cytoskeletal and cell wall systems. Microtubules and actin filaments locally define the material properties of a tough outer cell wall to generate complex shapes. Forward genetics, powerful live cell imaging experiments, and computational modeling have provided insights into understanding of mechanisms of cell shape control. In particular, finite element modeling of the cell wall provides a new way to discover which cell wall heterogeneities generate complex cell shapes, and how cell shape and cell wall stress can feedback on the cytoskeleton to maintain growth patterns. This review focuses on cytoskeleton-dependent cell wall patterning during cell branching, and how combinations of multi-scale imaging experiments and computational modeling are being used to unravel systems-level control of morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
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11
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Nakamura M, Grebe M. Outer, inner and planar polarity in the Arabidopsis root. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 41:46-53. [PMID: 28869926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots control uptake of water and nutrients and cope with environmental challenges. The root epidermis provides the first selective interface for nutrient absorption, while the endodermis produces the main apoplastic diffusion barrier in the form of a structure called the Casparian strip. The positioning of root hairs on epidermal cells, and of the Casparian strip around endodermal cells, requires asymmetries along cellular axes (cell polarity). Cell polarity is termed planar polarity, when coordinated within the plane of a given tissue layer. Here, we review recent molecular advances towards understanding both the polar positioning of the proteo-lipid membrane domain instructing root hair initiation, and the cytoskeletal, trafficking and polar tethering requirements of proteins at outer or inner plasma membrane domains. Finally, we highlight progress towards understanding mechanisms of Casparian strip formation and underlying endodermal cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritaka Nakamura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Markus Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden.
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12
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Feiguelman G, Fu Y, Yalovsky S. ROP GTPases Structure-Function and Signaling Pathways. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:57-79. [PMID: 29150557 PMCID: PMC5761820 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between receptor like kinases and guanyl nucleotide exchange factors together with identification of effector proteins reveal putative ROP GTPases signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Feiguelman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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13
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Nakamura M, Claes AR, Grebe T, Hermkes R, Viotti C, Ikeda Y, Grebe M. Auxin and ROP GTPase Signaling of Polar Nuclear Migration in Root Epidermal Hair Cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:378-391. [PMID: 29084900 PMCID: PMC5761770 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Polar nuclear migration is crucial during the development of diverse eukaryotes. In plants, root hair growth requires polar nuclear migration into the outgrowing hair. However, knowledge about the dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms underlying nuclear movements in root epidermal cells remains limited. Here, we show that both auxin and Rho-of-Plant (ROP) signaling modulate polar nuclear position at the inner epidermal plasma membrane domain oriented to the cortical cells during cell elongation as well as subsequent polar nuclear movement to the outer domain into the emerging hair bulge in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Auxin signaling via the nuclear AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)/ARF19 and INDOLE ACETIC ACID7 pathway ensures correct nuclear placement toward the inner membrane domain. Moreover, precise inner nuclear placement relies on SPIKE1 Rho-GEF, SUPERCENTIPEDE1 Rho-GDI, and ACTIN7 (ACT7) function and to a lesser extent on VTI11 vacuolar SNARE activity. Strikingly, the directionality and/or velocity of outer polar nuclear migration into the hair outgrowth along actin strands also are ACT7 dependent, auxin sensitive, and regulated by ROP signaling. Thus, our findings provide a founding framework revealing auxin and ROP signaling of inner polar nuclear position with some contribution by vacuolar morphology and of actin-dependent outer polar nuclear migration in root epidermal hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritaka Nakamura
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andrea R Claes
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Tobias Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hermkes
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Corrado Viotti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yoshihisa Ikeda
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Markus Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Paez-Garcia A, Sparks JA, de Bang L, Blancaflor EB. Plant Actin Cytoskeleton: New Functions from Old Scaffold. PLANT CELL MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69944-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Functions of actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1)/WD repeat protein 1 (WDR1) in actin filament dynamics and cytoskeletal regulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 506:315-322. [PMID: 29056508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin and actin-interacting protein 1 (AIP1), also known as WD-repeat protein 1 (WDR1), are conserved among eukaryotes and play critical roles in dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. AIP1 preferentially promotes disassembly of ADF/cofilin-decorated actin filaments but exhibits minimal effects on bare actin filaments. Therefore, AIP1 has been often considered to be an ancillary co-factor of ADF/cofilin that merely boosts ADF/cofilin activity level. However, genetic and cell biological studies show that AIP1 deficiency often causes lethality or severe abnormalities in multiple tissues and organs including muscle, epithelia, and blood, suggesting that AIP1 is a major regulator of many biological processes that depend on actin dynamics. This review summarizes recent progress in studies on the biochemical mechanism of actin filament severing by AIP1 and in vivo functions of AIP1 in model organisms and human diseases.
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16
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Qi J, Greb T. Cell polarity in plants: the Yin and Yang of cellular functions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:105-110. [PMID: 27918938 PMCID: PMC7212042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial organization is fundamental for the performance of living organisms and is reflected in a distinct distribution of structures and molecules down to the subcellular level. In particular, eukaryotic cells harbor a vast range of possibilities for distributing organelles, the cytoskeleton or the extracellular matrix in an active and highly regulated manner. An asymmetric or polar distribution is rather the rule than the exception and often reflects a particular position or orientation of a cell within a multicellular body. Here, we highlight recent insights into the regulation of cell polarity in plants and reveal the interactive nature of underlying molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Qi
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Mao H, Nakamura M, Viotti C, Grebe M. A Framework for Lateral Membrane Trafficking and Polar Tethering of the PEN3 ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:2245-2260. [PMID: 27803190 PMCID: PMC5129716 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The outermost cell layer of plants, the epidermis, and its outer (lateral) membrane domain facing the environment are continuously challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, the epidermis and the outer membrane domain provide important selective and protective barriers. However, only a small number of specifically outer membrane-localized proteins are known. Similarly, molecular mechanisms underlying the trafficking and the polar placement of outer membrane domain proteins require further exploration. Here, we demonstrate that ACTIN7 (ACT7) mediates trafficking of the PENETRATION3 (PEN3) outer membrane protein from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and that actin function contributes to PEN3 endocytic recycling. In contrast to such generic ACT7-dependent trafficking from the TGN, the EXOCYST84b (EXO84b) tethering factor mediates PEN3 outer-membrane polarity. Moreover, precise EXO84b placement at the outer membrane domain itself requires ACT7 function. Hence, our results uncover spatially and mechanistically distinct requirements for ACT7 function during outer lateral membrane cargo trafficking and polarity establishment. They further identify an exocyst tethering complex mediator of outer lateral membrane cargo polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Mao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden (H.M., M.G.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.N., C.V., M.G.)
| | - Moritaka Nakamura
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden (H.M., M.G.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.N., C.V., M.G.)
| | - Corrado Viotti
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden (H.M., M.G.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.N., C.V., M.G.)
| | - Markus Grebe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden (H.M., M.G.); and
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (M.N., C.V., M.G.)
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18
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Nazemof N, Couroux P, Xing T, Robert LS. Proteomic analysis of the mature Brassica stigma reveals proteins with diverse roles in vegetative and reproductive development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 250:51-58. [PMID: 27457983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The stigma, the specialized apex of the Brassicaceae gynoecium, plays a role in pollen capture, discrimination, hydration, germination, and guidance. Despite this crucial role in reproduction, the global proteome underlying Brassicaceae stigma development and function remains largely unknown. As a contribution towards the characterization of the Brassicaceae dry stigma global proteome, more than 2500 Brassica napus mature stigma proteins were identified using three different gel-based proteomics approaches. Most stigma proteins participated in Metabolic Processes, Responses to Stimulus or Stress, Cellular or Developmental Processes, and Transport. The stigma was found to express a wide variety of proteins with demonstrated roles in cellular and organ development including proteins known to be involved in cellular expansion and morphogenesis, embryo development, as well as gynoecium and stigma development. Comparisons to a corresponding proteome from a very morphologically different Poaceae dry stigma showed a very similar distribution of proteins among different functional categories, but also revealed evident distinctions in protein composition especially in glucosinolate and carotenoid metabolism, photosynthesis, and self-incompatibility. To our knowledge, this study reports the largest Brassicaceae stigma protein dataset described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Nazemof
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada; Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Philippe Couroux
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Tim Xing
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
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19
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Zhu J, Bailly A, Zwiewka M, Sovero V, Di Donato M, Ge P, Oehri J, Aryal B, Hao P, Linnert M, Burgardt NI, Lücke C, Weiwad M, Michel M, Weiergräber OH, Pollmann S, Azzarello E, Mancuso S, Ferro N, Fukao Y, Hoffmann C, Wedlich-Söldner R, Friml J, Thomas C, Geisler M. TWISTED DWARF1 Mediates the Action of Auxin Transport Inhibitors on Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:930-48. [PMID: 27053424 PMCID: PMC4863381 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and architecture is regulated by the polar distribution of the hormone auxin. Polarity and flexibility of this process is provided by constant cycling of auxin transporter vesicles along actin filaments, coordinated by a positive auxin-actin feedback loop. Both polar auxin transport and vesicle cycling are inhibited by synthetic auxin transport inhibitors, such as 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), counteracting the effect of auxin; however, underlying targets and mechanisms are unclear. Using NMR, we map the NPA binding surface on the Arabidopsis thaliana ABCB chaperone TWISTED DWARF1 (TWD1). We identify ACTIN7 as a relevant, although likely indirect, TWD1 interactor, and show TWD1-dependent regulation of actin filament organization and dynamics and that TWD1 is required for NPA-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The TWD1-ACTIN7 axis controls plasma membrane presence of efflux transporters, and as a consequence act7 and twd1 share developmental and physiological phenotypes indicative of defects in auxin transport. These can be phenocopied by NPA treatment or by chemical actin (de)stabilization. We provide evidence that TWD1 determines downstream locations of auxin efflux transporters by adjusting actin filament debundling and dynamizing processes and mediating NPA action on the latter. This function appears to be evolutionary conserved since TWD1 expression in budding yeast alters actin polarization and cell polarity and provides NPA sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Bailly
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valpuri Sovero
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Di Donato
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pei Ge
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Oehri
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bibek Aryal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Pengchao Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Linnert
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Noelia Inés Burgardt
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Lücke
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Weiwad
- Max Planck Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany Department of Enzymology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Max Michel
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Weiergräber
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Noel Ferro
- University of Bonn, Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Plant Global Educational Project, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, A-3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Clément Thomas
- Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Markus Geisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Velasquez SM, Barbez E, Kleine-Vehn J, Estevez JM. Auxin and Cellular Elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1206-15. [PMID: 26787325 PMCID: PMC4775141 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator in plants. However, a comprehensive understanding of how auxin induces cell expansion is perplexing, because auxin acts in a concentration- and cell type-dependent manner. Consequently, it is desirable to focus on certain cell types to exemplify the underlying growth mechanisms. On the other hand, plant tissues display supracellular growth (beyond the level of single cells); hence, other cell types might compromise the growth of a certain tissue. Tip-growing cells do not display neighbor-induced growth constraints and, therefore, are a valuable source of information for growth-controlling mechanisms. Here, we focus on auxin-induced cellular elongation in root hairs, exposing a mechanistic view of plant growth regulation. We highlight a complex interplay between auxin metabolism and transport, steering root hair development in response to internal and external triggers. Auxin signaling modules and downstream cascades of transcription factors define a developmental program that appears rate limiting for cellular growth. With this knowledge in mind, the root hair cell is a very suitable model system in which to dissect cellular effectors required for cellular expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Melina Velasquez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
| | - Elke Barbez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
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21
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Krupinski P, Bozorg B, Larsson A, Pietra S, Grebe M, Jönsson H. A Model Analysis of Mechanisms for Radial Microtubular Patterns at Root Hair Initiation Sites. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1560. [PMID: 27840629 PMCID: PMC5083785 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells have two main modes of growth generating anisotropic structures. Diffuse growth where whole cell walls extend in specific directions, guided by anisotropically positioned cellulose fibers, and tip growth, with inhomogeneous addition of new cell wall material at the tip of the structure. Cells are known to regulate these processes via molecular signals and the cytoskeleton. Mechanical stress has been proposed to provide an input to the positioning of the cellulose fibers via cortical microtubules in diffuse growth. In particular, a stress feedback model predicts a circumferential pattern of fibers surrounding apical tissues and growing primordia, guided by the anisotropic curvature in such tissues. In contrast, during the initiation of tip growing root hairs, a star-like radial pattern has recently been observed. Here, we use detailed finite element models to analyze how a change in mechanical properties at the root hair initiation site can lead to star-like stress patterns in order to understand whether a stress-based feedback model can also explain the microtubule patterns seen during root hair initiation. We show that two independent mechanisms, individually or combined, can be sufficient to generate radial patterns. In the first, new material is added locally at the position of the root hair. In the second, increased tension in the initiation area provides a mechanism. Finally, we describe how a molecular model of Rho-of-plant (ROP) GTPases activation driven by auxin can position a patch of activated ROP protein basally along a 2D root epidermal cell plasma membrane, paving the way for models where mechanical and molecular mechanisms cooperate in the initial placement and outgrowth of root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Krupinski
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Pawel Krupinski
| | - Behruz Bozorg
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - André Larsson
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - Stefano Pietra
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Markus Grebe
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Henrik Jönsson
- Computational Biology and Biological Physics, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
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22
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Balcerowicz D, Schoenaers S, Vissenberg K. Cell Fate Determination and the Switch from Diffuse Growth to Planar Polarity in Arabidopsis Root Epidermal Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1163. [PMID: 26779192 PMCID: PMC4688357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots fulfill important functions as they serve in water and nutrient uptake, provide anchorage of the plant body in the soil and in some species form the site of symbiotic interactions with soil-living biota. Root hairs, tubular-shaped outgrowths of specific epidermal cells, significantly increase the root's surface area and aid in these processes. In this review we focus on the molecular mechanisms that determine the hair and non-hair cell fate of epidermal cells and that define the site on the epidermal cell where the root hair will be initiated (=planar polarity determination). In the model plant Arabidopsis, trichoblast and atrichoblast cell fate results from intra- and intercellular position-dependent signaling and from complex feedback loops that ultimately regulate GL2 expressing and non-expressing cells. When epidermal cells reach the end of the root expansion zone, root hair promoting transcription factors dictate the establishment of polarity within epidermal cells followed by the selection of the root hair initiation site at the more basal part of the trichoblast. Molecular players in the abovementioned processes as well as the role of phytohormones are discussed, and open areas for future experiments are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department Biology, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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23
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Stanislas T, Hüser A, Barbosa ICR, Kiefer CS, Brackmann K, Pietra S, Gustavsson A, Zourelidou M, Schwechheimer C, Grebe M. Arabidopsis D6PK is a lipid domain-dependent mediator of root epidermal planar polarity. NATURE PLANTS 2015; 1:15162. [PMID: 27251533 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Development of diverse multicellular organisms relies on coordination of single-cell polarities within the plane of the tissue layer (planar polarity). Cell polarity often involves plasma membrane heterogeneity generated by accumulation of specific lipids and proteins into membrane subdomains. Coordinated hair positioning along Arabidopsis root epidermal cells provides a planar polarity model in plants, but knowledge about the functions of proteo-lipid domains in planar polarity signalling remains limited. Here we show that Rho-of-plant (ROP) 2 and 6, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 3 (PIP5K3), DYNAMIN-RELATED PROTEIN (DRP) 1A and DRP2B accumulate in a sterol-enriched, polar membrane domain during root hair initiation. DRP1A, DRP2B, PIP5K3 and sterols are required for planar polarity and the AGCVIII kinase D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) is a modulator of this process. D6PK undergoes phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate- and sterol-dependent basal-to-planar polarity switching into the polar, lipid-enriched domain just before hair formation, unravelling lipid-dependent D6PK localization during late planar polarity signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stanislas
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Anke Hüser
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Inês C R Barbosa
- Technische Universität München, Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4,DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christian S Kiefer
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Klaus Brackmann
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefano Pietra
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustavsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melina Zourelidou
- Technische Universität München, Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4,DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Technische Universität München, Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Str. 4,DE-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Markus Grebe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, SE-90 187 Umeå, Sweden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Building 20, DE-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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24
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Zhu J, Geisler M. Keeping it all together: auxin-actin crosstalk in plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4983-98. [PMID: 26085676 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polar auxin transport and the action of the actin cytoskeleton are tightly interconnected, which is documented by the finding that auxin transporters reach their final destination by active movement of secretory vesicles along F-actin tracks. Moreover, auxin transporter polarity and flexibility is thought to depend on transporter cycling that requires endocytosis and exocytosis of vesicles. In this context, we have reviewed the current literature on an involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in polar auxin transport and identify known similarities and differences in its structure, function and dynamics in comparison to non-plant organisms. By describing how auxin modulates actin expression and actin organization and how actin and its stability affects auxin-transporter endocytosis and recycling, we discuss the current knowledge on regulatory auxin-actin feedback loops. We focus on known effects of auxin and of auxin transport inhibitors on the stability and organization of actin and examine the functionality of auxin and/or auxin transport inhibitor-binding proteins with respect to their suitability to integrate auxin/auxin transport inhibitor action. Finally, we indicate current difficulties in the interpretation of organ, time and concentration-dependent auxin/auxin transport inhibitor treatments and formulate simple future experimental guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhu
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology-Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology-Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Tsugeki R, Terada S. The Arabidopsis ortholog of the DEAH-box ATPase Prp16 influences auxin-mediated development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1074369. [PMID: 26237376 PMCID: PMC4883861 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1074369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In animals and yeasts, the DEAH-box RNA-dependent ATPase Prp16 facilitates pre-mRNA splicing. However, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Caenorhabditis elegans, Prp16 orthologs are not important for general pre-mRNA splicing, but are required for gene silencing and sex determination, respectively. The CLUMSY VEIN (CUV) gene, which encodes a unique Prp16 ortholog in Arabidopsis thaliana, influences auxin-mediated development. A loss-of-function cuv-1 mutation tells us that CUV does not facilitate splicing of pre-mRNA substrates indiscriminately, but differentially effects splicing and expression of genes. Here we show that CUV influences root-meristem maintenance and planar polarity of root-hair positioning, both of which are processes regulated by auxin. We propose that Arabidopsis PRP16/CUV differentially facilitates the expression of genes, including genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, transport, perception and signaling, and that in this way it influences auxin-mediated development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Tsugeki
- Department of Botany; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence to: Ryuji Tsugeki;
| | - Shiho Terada
- Department of Botany; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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