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Roohi TF, Faizan S, Shaikh MF, Krishna KL, Mehdi S, Kinattingal N, Arulsamy A. Beyond drug discovery: Exploring the physiological and methodological dimensions of zebrafish in diabetes research. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:847-872. [PMID: 38279951 PMCID: PMC11140176 DOI: 10.1113/ep091587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is now considered a global epidemic. Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both of which are normally irreversible. As a result of long-term uncontrolled high levels of glucose, diabetes can progress to hyperglycaemic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy, among many other complications. The complete mechanism underlying diabetes remains unclear due to its complexity. In this scenario, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have arisen as a versatile and promising animal model due to their good reproducibility, simplicity, and time- and cost-effectiveness. The Zebrafish model allows us to make progress in the investigation and comprehension of the root cause of diabetes, which in turn would aid in the development of pharmacological and surgical approaches for its management. The current review provides valuable reference information on zebrafish models, from the first zebrafish diabetes models using genetic, disease induction and chemical approaches, to the newest ones that further allow for drug screening and testing. This review aims to update our knowledge related to diabetes mellitus by gathering the most authoritative studies on zebrafish as a chemical, dietary and insulin induction, and genetic model for diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Syed Faizan
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- School of Dentistry and Medical SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityOrangeNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kamsagara Linganna Krishna
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Seema Mehdi
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Nabeel Kinattingal
- Department of PharmacologyJSS College of PharmacyJSS Academy of Higher Education and ResearchMysuruKarnatakaIndia
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research LaboratoryJeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwaySelangorMalaysia
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2
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Estay-Ahumada CE, Verra DM, Roux M, Sassone F, Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Klopp C, Ciocca D, Moal MLL, Hicks D. Hyperglycemia and circadian disruption lead to retinal dysfunction in a stabilized colony of the fat sand rat Psammomys obesus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167118. [PMID: 38490291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus) recapitulates several features of human pre-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but data are restricted to wild animals, incompatible with stringent biomedical research criteria. To overcome this barrier, we characterized retinal changes in a colony of P. obsesus maintained under strictly controlled housing conditions. METHODS Animals were maintained on low or high caloric energy diets, and raised under either standard (12 h light/12 h dark) or shortened (5 h light/5 h dark) photoperiods. Visual responses were tested by electroretinography, while structural/molecular changes were assayed by immunochemistry and molecular biology (RNAseq and qPCR). RESULTS Whereas high calorie diet alone did not induce hyperglycemia, coupled with short photoperiod >80 % animals developed severe hyper-insulinemia by 15 weeks, and 16 % animals further developed hyperglycemia. In these groups, electroretinography showed significant declines in visual responses in both hyper-insulinemic and hyperglycemic animals, especially in photopic (cone) responses. Transcriptomics analysis of hyperglycemic compared to low caloric controls revealed major upregulation in pathways involved in glial activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, cytokine production, partial ischemic responses and angiogenesis. Western blotting against rhodopsin and cone opsin also showed decreased levels in both groups, overall decreases being greater for cones than rods in hyperglycemic animals. CONCLUSIONS P. obesus maintained in rigorously monitored captive conditions, albeit showing attenuated responses to dietary overload compared to wild counterparts, nevertheless do develop some retinal features of diabetic retinopathy-like degeneration. Such a colony with known sanitary status opens their broader use for biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Estay-Ahumada
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Daniela M Verra
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Roux
- IGBMC - CNRS UMR 7104 Inserm U 1258, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch CEDEX, France.
| | - Fabiana Sassone
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Sigenae, Genotoul Bioinfo, BioInfoMics, MIAT UR875, INRAE, Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Dominique Ciocca
- Chronobiotron CNRS UMR 3415, 8 Allée Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Myriam Ly-Le Moal
- Institut Roche, 4 cours de l'île Seguin, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - David Hicks
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives CNRS UPR 3212, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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3
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Pfaller AM, Kaplan L, Carido M, Grassmann F, Díaz-Lezama N, Ghaseminejad F, Wunderlich KA, Glänzer S, Bludau O, Pannicke T, Weber BHF, Koch SF, Bonev B, Hauck SM, Grosche A. The glucocorticoid receptor as a master regulator of the Müller cell response to diabetic conditions in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:33. [PMID: 38273366 PMCID: PMC10809506 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is considered a primarily microvascular complication of diabetes. Müller glia cells are at the centre of the retinal neurovascular unit and play a critical role in DR. We therefore investigated Müller cell-specific signalling pathways that are altered in DR to identify novel targets for gene therapy. Using a multi-omics approach on purified Müller cells from diabetic db/db mice, we found the mRNA and protein expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) to be significantly decreased, while its target gene cluster was down-regulated. Further, oPOSSUM TF analysis and ATAC- sequencing identified the GR as a master regulator of Müller cell response to diabetic conditions. Cortisol not only increased GR phosphorylation. It also induced changes in the expression of known GR target genes in retinal explants. Finally, retinal functionality was improved by AAV-mediated overexpression of GR in Müller cells. Our study demonstrates an important role of the glial GR in DR and implies that therapeutic approaches targeting this signalling pathway should be aimed at increasing GR expression rather than the addition of more ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Pfaller
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lew Kaplan
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Madalena Carido
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Research and Systems Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Farhad Ghaseminejad
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten A Wunderlich
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Health and Medical University, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Glänzer
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Bludau
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Pannicke
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne F Koch
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Boyan Bonev
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center-BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Ge G, Ren J, Song G, Li Q, Cui Z. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis of Overfeeding-Induced Diabetes in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11994. [PMID: 37569372 PMCID: PMC10418320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has gradually become a serious disease that threatens human health. It can induce various complications, and the pathogenesis of diabetes is quite complex and not yet fully elucidated. The zebrafish has been widely acknowledged as a useful model for investigating the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions of diabetes. However, the molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding remains unknown. In this study, a zebrafish diabetes model was established by overfeeding, and the molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding was explored. Compared with the control group, the body length, body weight, and condition factor index of zebrafish increased significantly after four weeks of overfeeding. There was a significant elevation in the fasting blood glucose level, accompanied by a large number of lipid droplets accumulated within the liver. The levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in both the serum and liver exhibited a statistically significant increase. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to investigate changes in the livers of overfed zebrafish. The number of up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 1582 and 2404, respectively, in the livers of overfed zebrafish. The DEGs were subjected to KEGG and GO enrichment analyses, and the hub signaling pathways and hub DEGs were identified. The results demonstrate that sixteen genes within the signal pathway associated with fatty acid metabolism were found to be significantly up-regulated. Specifically, these genes were found to mainly participate in fatty acid transport, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. Furthermore, thirteen genes that play a crucial role in glucose metabolism, particularly in the pathways of glycolysis and glycogenesis, were significantly down-regulated in the livers of overfed zebrafish. These results indicate insulin resistance and inhibition of glucose entry into liver cells in the livers of overfed zebrafish. These findings elucidate the underlying molecular basis of zebrafish diabetes induced by overfeeding and provide a model for further investigation of the pathogenesis and therapeutics of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Guili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Novel Zebrafish Patient-Derived Tumor Xenograft Methodology for Evaluating Efficacy of Immune-Stimulating BCG Therapy in Urinary Bladder Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030508. [PMID: 36766850 PMCID: PMC9914090 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is the standard-of-care adjuvant therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in patients at considerable risk of disease recurrence. Although its exact mechanism of action is unknown, BCG significantly reduces this risk in responding patients but is mainly associated with toxic side-effects in those facing treatment resistance. Methods that allow the identification of BCG responders are, therefore, urgently needed. METHODS Fluorescently labelled UM-UC-3 cells and dissociated patient tumor samples were used to establish zebrafish tumor xenograft (ZTX) models. Changes in the relative primary tumor size and cell dissemination to the tail were evaluated via fluorescence microscopy at three days post-implantation. The data were compared to the treatment outcomes of the corresponding patients. Toxicity was evaluated based on gross morphological evaluation of the treated zebrafish larvae. RESULTS BCG-induced toxicity was avoided by removing the water-soluble fraction of the BCG formulation prior to use. BCG treatment via co-injection with the tumor cells resulted in significant and dose-dependent primary tumor size regression. Heat-inactivation of BCG decreased this effect, while intravenous BCG injections were ineffective. ZTX models were successfully established for six of six patients based on TUR-B biopsies. In two of these models, significant tumor regression was observed, which, in both cases, corresponded to the treatment response in the patients. CONCLUSIONS The observed BCG-related anti-tumor effect indicates that ZTX models might predict the BCG response and thereby improve treatment planning. More experiments and clinical studies are needed, however, to elucidate the BCG mechanism and estimate the predictive value.
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Lee YR, Son M, Kim YS, Kim JS, Kim CH, Jung SH. Evaluation of a Rapid and Simple Method for Assessing Retinal Vessel Structures in Adult Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315069. [PMID: 36499406 PMCID: PMC9739661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of retinal vascular structures is important for analyzing various ophthalmic diseases. Conventional trypsin digestion was used for separating retinal vasculatures in mouse, rat, and other animal models; however, the trypsin method alone is technically difficult to perform and has not been reported in zebrafish to date. In this study, we introduced a rapid and convenient method that allows the investigation of fine vessel structures at a cellular level in the relatively intact retinal vasculature of adult zebrafish. Using an anti-ZO-1 antibody, tight junction structures in retinal vessels were examined in detail and several different cell types constituting blood vessels in arterial and capillary areas were identified. In addition, using cell type-specific antibodies, we identified smooth muscle cells, blood cells, and endothelial cells in the retinal vasculature. Finally, using the hyperglycemic model, we observed the dilation of retinal vessels, the downregulation of tight junction proteins, and the reduction in smooth muscle cells. Based on these results, we provide a rapid and convenient method for the study of retinal vasculature disease in the zebrafish animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Lee
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Research Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Julia Laboratory, Suwon 16232, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (S.-H.J.)
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7
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Titialii-Torres KF, Morris AC. Embryonic hyperglycemia perturbs the development of specific retinal cell types, including photoreceptors. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259187. [PMID: 34851372 PMCID: PMC8767273 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is linked to various long-term complications in adults, such as neuropathy, nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes poses additional risks for pregnant women, because glucose passes across the placenta, and excess maternal glucose can result in diabetic embryopathy. While many studies have examined the teratogenic effects of maternal diabetes on fetal heart development, little is known about the consequences of maternal hyperglycemia on the development of the embryonic retina. To address this question, we investigated retinal development in two models of embryonic hyperglycemia in zebrafish. Strikingly, we found that hyperglycemic larvae displayed a significant reduction in photoreceptors and horizontal cells, whereas other retinal neurons were not affected. We also observed reactive gliosis and abnormal optokinetic responses in hyperglycemic larvae. Further analysis revealed delayed retinal cell differentiation in hyperglycemic embryos that coincided with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results suggest that embryonic hyperglycemia causes abnormal retinal development via altered timing of cell differentiation and ROS production, which is accompanied by visual defects. Further studies using zebrafish models of hyperglycemia will allow us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla F. Titialii-Torres
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ann C. Morris
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
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8
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Rowe CJ, Delbridge-Perry M, Bonan NF, Cohen A, Bentley M, DeCicco-Skinner KL, Davidson T, Connaughton VP. Time dependent effects of prolonged hyperglycemia in zebrafish brain and retina. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022; 2:947571. [PMID: 38983568 PMCID: PMC11182107 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2022.947571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia causes long-term vision complications and an increased risk of cognitive deficits. High blood sugar also confers an osmotic load/stress to cells. We assessed behavioral and neurochemical changes in zebrafish brain and retina following prolonged hyperglycemia for 4-weeks or 8-weeks. At each time point, behavior was assessed using 3-chamber choice task and optomotor response; tissue was then collected and levels of inflammatory markers, tight junction proteins, and neurotransmitters determined using Western Blots. After 4-weeks, brain levels of v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) (RelA; NF-kB subunit), IkB kinase (IKK), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were significantly elevated; differences in zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-5, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were not significant. In retina, significant differences were observed only for TH (decreased), Rel A (increased), and GFAP (increased) levels. Glucose-specific differences in initial choice latency and discrimination ratios were also observed. After 8-weeks, RelA, GAD, and TH were significantly elevated in both tissues; IKK and GFAP levels were also elevated, though not significantly. ZO-1 and claudin-5 levels osmotically decreased in retina but displayed an increasing trend in glucose-treated brains. Differences in discrimination ratio were driven by osmotic load. OMRs increased in glucose-treated fish at both ages. In vivo analysis of retinal vasculature suggested thicker vessels after 4-weeks, but thinner vessels at 8-weeks. In vitro, glucose treatment reduced formation of nodes and meshes in 3B-11 endothelial cells, suggesting a reduced ability to form a vascular network. Overall, hyperglycemia triggered a strong inflammatory response causing initial trending changes in tight junction and neuronal markers. Most differences after 4-weeks of exposure were observed in glucose-treated fish suggesting effects on glucose metabolism independent of osmotic load. After 8-weeks, the inflammatory response remained and glucose-specific effects on neurotransmitter markers were observed. Osmotic differences impacted cognitive behavior and retinal protein levels; protein levels in brain displayed glucose-driven changes. Thus, we not only observed differential sensitivities of retina and brain to glucose-insult, but also different cellular responses, suggesting hyperglycemia causes complex effects at the cellular level and/or that zebrafish are able to compensate for the continued high blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie J. Rowe
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mikayla Delbridge-Perry
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nicole F. Bonan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Annastelle Cohen
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Meg Bentley
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kathleen L. DeCicco-Skinner
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Terry Davidson
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, and American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Victoria P. Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
- Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, American University, Washington, DC, United States
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Hernández-Núñez I, Vivero-Lopez M, Quelle-Regaldie A, DeGrip WJ, Sánchez L, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Candal E, Barreiro-Iglesias A. Embryonic nutritional hyperglycemia decreases cell proliferation in the zebrafish retina. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:401-409. [PMID: 35779079 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. While there is a major focus on the study of juvenile/adult DR, the effects of hyperglycemia during early retinal development are less well studied. Recent studies in embryonic zebrafish models of nutritional hyperglycemia (high-glucose exposure) have revealed that hyperglycemia leads to decreased cell numbers of mature retinal cell types, which has been related to a modest increase in apoptotic cell death and altered cell differentiation. However, how embryonic hyperglycemia impacts cell proliferation in developing retinas still remains unknown. Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos to 50 mM glucose from 10 h postfertilization (hpf) to 5 days postfertilization (dpf). First, we confirmed that hyperglycemia increases apoptotic death and decreases the rod and Müller glia population in the retina of 5-dpf zebrafish. Interestingly, the increase in cell death was mainly observed in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), where most of the proliferating cells are located. To analyze the impact of hyperglycemia in cell proliferation, mitotic activity was first quantified using pH3 immunolabeling, which revealed a significant decrease in mitotic cells in the retina (mainly in the CMZ) at 5 dpf. A significant decrease in cell proliferation in the outer nuclear and ganglion cell layers of the central retina in hyperglycemic animals was also detected using the proliferation marker PCNA. Overall, our results show that nutritional hyperglycemia decreases cellular proliferation in the developing retina, which could significantly contribute to the decline in the number of mature retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Hernández-Núñez
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain
| | - Maria Vivero-Lopez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain
| | - Ana Quelle-Regaldie
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Willem J DeGrip
- Department of Biophysical Organic Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Department of Zoology, Genetics and Physical Anthropology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.,Preclinical Animal Models Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706, Santiago, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain
| | - Eva Candal
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago, Spain.
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Pitale PM, Gorbatyuk MS. Diabetic Retinopathy: From Animal Models to Cellular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031487. [PMID: 35163410 PMCID: PMC8835767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by elevation in blood glucose level. The pathogenesis of DR includes vascular, neuronal, and inflammatory components leading to activation of complex cellular molecular signaling. If untreated, the disease can culminate in vision loss that eventually leads to blindness. Animal models mimicking different aspects of DM complications have been developed to study the development and progression of DR. Despite the significant contribution of the developed DR models to discovering the mechanisms of DR and the recent achievements in the research field, the sequence of cellular events in diabetic retinas is still under investigation. Partially, this is due to the complexity of molecular mechanisms, although the lack of availability of models that adequately mimic all the neurovascular pathobiological features observed in patients has also contributed to the delay in determining a precise molecular trigger. In this review, we provide an update on the status of animal models of DR to help investigators choose an appropriate system to validate their hypothesis. We also discuss the key cellular and physiological events of DR in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada M. Pitale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Marina S. Gorbatyuk
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-6762; Fax: +1-205-934-3425
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Schmitner N, Recheis C, Thönig J, Kimmel RA. Differential Responses of Neural Retina Progenitor Populations to Chronic Hyperglycemia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113265. [PMID: 34831487 PMCID: PMC8622914 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a frequent complication of longstanding diabetes, which comprises a complex interplay of microvascular abnormalities and neurodegeneration. Zebrafish harboring a homozygous mutation in the pancreatic transcription factor pdx1 display a diabetic phenotype with survival into adulthood, and are therefore uniquely suitable among zebrafish models for studying pathologies associated with persistent diabetic conditions. We have previously shown that, starting at three months of age, pdx1 mutants exhibit not only vascular but also neuro-retinal pathologies manifesting as photoreceptor dysfunction and loss, similar to human diabetic retinopathy. Here, we further characterize injury and regenerative responses and examine the effects on progenitor cell populations. Consistent with a negative impact of hyperglycemia on neurogenesis, stem cells of the ciliary marginal zone show an exacerbation of aging-related proliferative decline. In contrast to the robust Müller glial cell proliferation seen following acute retinal injury, the pdx1 mutant shows replenishment of both rod and cone photoreceptors from slow-cycling, neurod-expressing progenitors which first accumulate in the inner nuclear layer. Overall, we demonstrate a diabetic retinopathy model which shows pathological features of the human disease evolving alongside an ongoing restorative process that replaces lost photoreceptors, at the same time suggesting an unappreciated phenotypic continuum between multipotent and photoreceptor-committed progenitors.
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Hong Y, Luo Y. Zebrafish Model in Ophthalmology to Study Disease Mechanism and Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080716. [PMID: 34451814 PMCID: PMC8400593 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual impairment and blindness are common and seriously affect people’s work and quality of life in the world. Therefore, the effective therapies for eye diseases are of high priority. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an alternative vertebrate model as a useful tool for the mechanism elucidation and drug discovery of various eye disorders, such as cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, photoreceptor degeneration, etc. The genetic and embryonic accessibility of zebrafish in combination with a behavioral assessment of visual function has made it a very popular model in ophthalmology. Zebrafish has also been widely used in ocular drug discovery, such as the screening of new anti-angiogenic compounds or neuroprotective drugs, and the oculotoxicity test. In this review, we summarized the applications of zebrafish as the models of eye disorders to study disease mechanism and investigate novel drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Luo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-87335931
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Muñiz-Ramirez A, Garcia-Campoy AH, Pérez Gutiérrez RM, Garcia Báez EV, Mota Flores JM. Evaluation of the Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Spondias purpurea Seeds in a Diabetic Zebrafish Model. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1417. [PMID: 34371620 PMCID: PMC8309283 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic degenerative disease characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood. It is associated with an absolute or relative deficiency in the production and/or action of insulin. Some of the complications associated with DM are heart disease, retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy; therefore, new natural alternatives are being sought to control the disease. In this work, we evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Spondias purpurea seed methanol extract (CSM) in vitro and in a glucose-induced diabetic zebrafish model. CSM is capable of lowering blood glucose and cholesterol levels, as well as forming advanced glycation end-products, while not presenting toxic effects at the concentrations evaluated. These data show that CSM has a promising antidiabetic effect and may be useful in reducing some of the pathologies associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethia Muñiz-Ramirez
- CONACYT-IPICYT/CIIDZA, Camino a la Presa de San José 2055, Colonia, Lomas 4 Sección, San Luis Potosí CP 78216, Mexico
| | - Abraham Heriberto Garcia-Campoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México CP 07708, Mexico; (R.M.P.G.); (J.M.M.F.)
| | - Rosa Martha Pérez Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México CP 07708, Mexico; (R.M.P.G.); (J.M.M.F.)
| | - Efrén Venancio Garcia Báez
- Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Acueducto S/N, Barrio la laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México CP 07340, Mexico;
| | - José María Mota Flores
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México CP 07708, Mexico; (R.M.P.G.); (J.M.M.F.)
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Tonade D, Kern TS. Photoreceptor cells and RPE contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 83:100919. [PMID: 33188897 PMCID: PMC8113320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness. It has long been regarded as vascular disease, but work in the past years has shown abnormalities also in the neural retina. Unfortunately, research on the vascular and neural abnormalities have remained largely separate, instead of being integrated into a comprehensive view of DR that includes both the neural and vascular components. Recent evidence suggests that the most predominant neural cell in the retina (photoreceptors) and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) play an important role in the development of vascular lesions characteristic of DR. This review summarizes evidence that the outer retina is altered in diabetes, and that photoreceptors and RPE contribute to retinal vascular alterations in the early stages of the retinopathy. The possible molecular mechanisms by which cells of the outer retina might contribute to retinal vascular damage in diabetes also are discussed. Diabetes-induced alterations in the outer retina represent a novel therapeutic target to inhibit DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deoye Tonade
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Cleveland, OH, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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Effects of Binahong ( Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) Extracts on the Levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Cataract Goat Lenses. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:6617292. [PMID: 34234627 PMCID: PMC8216803 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6617292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are one of the most causes of blindness in the world. Oxidative stress can form pathological conditions such as cataracts. This oxidative stress ability can be measured by the malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarker. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) are native plants from Indonesia that are used to treat various diseases including cataract treatment. Binahong leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) has a high amount of flavonoids and is rich in antioxidants that can be used to treat cataracts. Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of binahong leaf extract on the levels of MDA in a goat lens with cataract-induced material. Method. As many as possible, 40 goat eye lenses were divided into several groups, namely, group I normal lenses as controls (glucose 5.5 mM), group II lenses were cataract induced with glucose concentration of 55 mM, group III lenses with glucose 55 mM + binahong leaf extract (100 μg/ml), group IV lens with glucose 55 mM + binahong leaf extract (200 μg/ml), and group V lens with glucose 55 mM + quercetin (positive control). Biochemical parameters measured in the lens homogenate are malondialdehyde lens morphology in all groups' observations and comparisons made. Results. The results of the study found that the lens group with the addition of binahong extract showed more results transparency compared to lens groups induced by glucose concentrations of 55 mM). This shows that the diabetic cataract group experienced high oxidative stress due to the accumulation of sorbitol compounds derived from glucose which caused turbidity in the goat eye lens and increased levels of lens MDA. Binahong levels at concentrations of 100 or 200 can inhibit MDA production. Conclusion. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis) extract has the ability to inhibit the production of MDA levels. In glucose-induced goat lenses, binahong extract and quercetin show antioxidant and anticataract properties.
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Advancing Diabetic Retinopathy Research: Analysis of the Neurovascular Unit in Zebrafish. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061313. [PMID: 34070439 PMCID: PMC8228394 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most important microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus, and a leading cause of vision loss or blindness worldwide. Hyperglycaemic conditions disrupt microvascular integrity at the level of the neurovascular unit. In recent years, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have come into focus as a model organism for various metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In both mammals and vertebrates, the anatomy and the function of the retina and the neurovascular unit have been highly conserved. In this review, we focus on the advances that have been made through studying pathologies associated with retinopathy in zebrafish models of diabetes. We discuss the different cell types that form the neurovascular unit, their role in diabetic retinopathy and how to study them in zebrafish. We then present new insights gained through zebrafish studies. The advantages of using zebrafish for diabetic retinopathy are summarised, including the fact that the zebrafish has, so far, provided the only animal model in which hyperglycaemia-induced retinal angiogenesis can be observed. Based on currently available data, we propose potential investigations that could advance the field further.
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Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection and Regeneration in the Zebrafish Retina. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030633. [PMID: 33809186 PMCID: PMC8000332 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative retinal diseases, such as glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, involve a gradual loss of neurons in the retina as the disease progresses. Central nervous system neurons are not able to regenerate in mammals, therefore, an often sought after course of treatment for neuronal loss follows a neuroprotective or regenerative strategy. Neuroprotection is the process of preserving the structure and function of the neurons that have survived a harmful insult; while regenerative approaches aim to replace or rewire the neurons and synaptic connections that were lost, or induce regrowth of damaged axons or dendrites. In order to test the neuroprotective effectiveness or the regenerative capacity of a particular agent, a robust experimental model of retinal neuronal damage is essential. Zebrafish are being used more often in this type of study because their eye structure and development is well-conserved between zebrafish and mammals. Zebrafish are robust genetic tools and are relatively inexpensive to maintain. The large array of functional and behavioral tests available in zebrafish makes them an attractive model for neuroprotection studies. Some common insults used to model retinal disease and study neuroprotection in zebrafish include intense light, chemical toxicity and mechanical damage. This review covers the existing retinal neuroprotection and regeneration literature in the zebrafish and highlights their potential for future studies.
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El-Mansi AA, Al-Kahtani MA, Rady AM, El-Bealy EA, Al-Asmari AM. Vitamin A and Daucus carota root extract mitigate STZ-induced diabetic retinal degeneration in Wistar albino rats by modulating neurotransmission and downregulation of apoptotic pathways. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13688. [PMID: 33687088 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to explore the deleterious effects of diabetes on the visual functions of the retina and to address whether the administration of vitamin A and carrot root extract (CE) confer retinal protection in hyperglycemic rats via modulation of oxidative stress, biochemical alternations, and retinal neurotransmission. Fifty male Wistar albino rats weighing 180 ± 12.41 g were randomized into five groups (n = 10): controls, diabetic group (injected with 40 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 sodium citrate buffer), diabetic group treated with vitamin A (2,500 IU/kg, low dose), diabetic group treated with vitamin (5,000 IU/kg, high dose), and diabetic groups administered CE (200 mg/kg/every other day). Our findings showed that, compared to controls, diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in their retinal thickness, increased apoptotic ganglion cells, and a noticeable degeneration of their synaptic layers. The inner retina displayed increased activity of neovascularization; however, the outer retina exhibited vacuolar degeneration of the photoreceptor cell layer. Our biochemical assessments showed reduced levels of CAT, SOD, and GST along with increased lipid peroxidation. Concurrently, cellular angiogenic and stress markers were significantly elevated associated with increased apoptotic activities as evidenced by increased expressions of annexin-V and PARP. Furthermore, the neurotransmitter content of the retina was altered in diabetic rats compared to controls and diabetic-treated groups. Paradoxically, vitamin A and CE supplementation attenuate these retinal insults in diabetic animals and normalized aforementioned assayed parameters; evidencing that both treatments exerted ameliorative impacts and restored visual functions by diminishing oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes is a complex disease that involves various physiological perturbations especially visual functions. In our study, we showed that vitamin A and carrot root extract (CE) confer remarkable protection against retinal degeneration in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Our findings showed that the chemical and phytochemical ingredients of the vitamin A and CE substantially attenuated the histopathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, and cellular death in diabetic rats. These favorable changes are attributable to the high content of retinoic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds that effectively regulates the production of visual pigments, increases the antioxidant defense system, and diminishes the pro-inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Thus, the nutritional values of vitamin A and CE represent promising therapeutic choices to mitigate the retinal-induced diabetic insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Mansi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M A Al-Kahtani
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Rady
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A El-Bealy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Al-Asmari
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Development of a zebrafish screening model for diabetic retinopathy induced by hyperglycemia: Reproducibility verification in animal model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111201. [PMID: 33421732 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at creating a zebrafish screening model for diabetic retinopathy, and evaluated the effects of aflibercept, which is being used to treated diabetic retinopathy. A morphological change occurred at 160 mM of glucose. The survival and hatching rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In the 130 mM glucose group, the retinal vessel diameter was more than double that in the normal group. The zebrafish embryo morphology changed in 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL at aflibercept. The survival and hatching rate decrease at 400 μg/mL. Aflibercept 100 μg/mL was a nontoxic and effective dose for the zebrafish diabetic retinopathy model. The expression of diabetic retinopathy inflammatory markers was increased in hyperglycemia. But the inflammation was improved by aflibercept in the zebrafish eye. In a zebrafish diabetic retinopathy model, the diameters of retinal vessels were reduced after treatment with aflibercept, and molecular biological and histopathological efficacy was confirmed. This model can serve for screening of new drug candidates for treatment of in diabetic retinopathy.
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Diabetic Retinopathy: The Role of Mitochondria in the Neural Retina and Microvascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100905. [PMID: 32977483 PMCID: PMC7598160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of vision loss in the working-age population, is clinically defined as a microvascular disease that involves damage of the retinal capillaries with secondary visual impairment. While its clinical diagnosis is based on vascular pathology, DR is associated with early abnormalities in the electroretinogram, indicating alterations of the neural retina and impaired visual signaling. The pathogenesis of DR is complex and likely involves the simultaneous dysregulation of multiple metabolic and signaling pathways through the retinal neurovascular unit. There is evidence that microvascular disease in DR is caused in part by altered energetic metabolism in the neural retina and specifically from signals originating in the photoreceptors. In this review, we discuss the main pathogenic mechanisms that link alterations in neural retina bioenergetics with vascular regression in DR. We focus specifically on the recent developments related to alterations in mitochondrial metabolism including energetic substrate selection, mitochondrial function, oxidation-reduction (redox) imbalance, and oxidative stress, and critically discuss the mechanisms of these changes and their consequences on retinal function. We also acknowledge implications for emerging therapeutic approaches and future research directions to find novel mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies to correct bioenergetics in diabetes. We conclude that retinal bioenergetics is affected in the early stages of diabetes with consequences beyond changes in ATP content, and that maintaining mitochondrial integrity may alleviate retinal disease.
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Bueno JM, Cruz-Castillo R, Avilés-Trigueros M, Bautista-Elivar N. Arrangement of the photoreceptor mosaic in a diabetic rat model imaged with multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4901-4914. [PMID: 33014589 PMCID: PMC7510868 DOI: 10.1364/boe.399835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is defined as a microvascular pathology. However, some data have suggested that the retinal photoreceptors (PRs) might be important in the pathogenesis of this ocular disease. In this study the organization of the PRs in control and diabetic-induced rats was compared using multiphoton microscopy. The PR mosaic was imaged at different locations in non-stained retinas. The density of PRs was directly quantified from cell counting. The spatially resolved density presents a double-slope pattern (from the central retina towards the periphery) in both healthy and pathological samples, although the values for the latter were significantly lower all across the retina. Moreover, Voronoi analysis was performed to explore changes in PR topography. In control specimens a hexagonally packed structure was dominant. However, despite the non-controlled effects of the disease in retinal structures, this PR regularity was fairly maintained in diabetic retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Cruz-Castillo
- Área Académica de Matemáticas y Física, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Marcelino Avilés-Trigueros
- Departamento de Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, “Campus Mare Nostrum” de Excelencia International, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nazario Bautista-Elivar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Perez Gutierrez RM, Velazquez EG. Glucopyranoside flavonoids isolated from leaves of Spinacia oleracea (spinach) inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and aldose reductase activity (RLAR). Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Ali Z, Zang J, Lagali N, Schmitner N, Salvenmoser W, Mukwaya A, Neuhauss SCF, Jensen LD, Kimmel RA. Photoreceptor Degeneration Accompanies Vascular Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:43. [PMID: 32106290 PMCID: PMC7329949 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide in the working-age population, and the incidence is rising. Until now it has been difficult to define initiating events and disease progression at the molecular level, as available diabetic rodent models do not present the full spectrum of neural and vascular pathologies. Zebrafish harboring a homozygous mutation in the pancreatic transcription factor pdx1 were previously shown to display a diabetic phenotype from larval stages through adulthood. In this study, pdx1 mutants were examined for retinal vascular and neuronal pathology to demonstrate suitability of these fish for modeling DR. Methods Vessel morphology was examined in pdx1 mutant and control fish expressing the fli1a:EGFP transgene. We further characterized vascular and retinal phenotypes in mutants and controls using immunohistochemistry, histology, and electron microscopy. Retinal function was assessed using electroretinography. Results Pdx1 mutants exhibit clear vascular phenotypes at 2 months of age, and disease progression, including arterial vasculopenia, capillary tortuosity, and hypersprouting, could be detected at stages extending over more than 1 year. Neural-retinal pathologies are consistent with photoreceptor dysfunction and loss, but do not progress to blindness. Conclusions This study highlights pdx1 mutant zebrafish as a valuable complement to rodent and other mammalian models of DR, in particular for research into the mechanistic interplay of diabetes with vascular and neuroretinal disease. They are furthermore suited for molecular studies to identify new targets for treatment of early as well as late DR.
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Hajarnavis AM, Bulakh PM. Anticataract effects of S. cumini and A. marmelos on goat lenses in an experimental diabetic cataract model. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11:421-425. [PMID: 32111448 PMCID: PMC7772478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataractogenesis in diabetes mellitus is mainly due to generation of free radicals causing oxidative stress. Antioxidants are known to delay cataractogenesis. Indigenous plants are potential promising sources of antioxidants. Objectives The present study was done in goat lenses for exploring local antioxidant and anticataract potential of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) and Aegle marmelos (Bael) and comparing their activities. Material and methods “Lens organ culture technique” was employed using “tissue culture medium 199” (TC 199). Lenses were divided into four groups of 30 each. Group 1 was “Normal Control”. In remaining 3 groups, experimental diabetic cataract was produced using dextrose (110 mM). Group 2: “Toxic Control” (untreated experimental diabetic cataract lenses). Group 3: S. cumini seed extract (0.25%) treated lenses. Group 4: A. marmelos leaf extract (0.25%) treated lenses. Biochemical parameters measured in lens homogenates included total soluble lens proteins (index of cataractogenesis), malondialdehyde (index of lipid peroxidation), and superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase (indices of antioxidant enzyme activity). Lens morphology was compared in all groups. Results S. cumini and A. marmelos showed significantly increased activity of all three antioxidant enzymes, preserved total soluble proteins and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA). Lens morphology was well preserved with these extracts. S. cumini aqueous seed extract scored better over A. marmelos. Conclusion In goat lenses with dextrose-induced experimental diabetic cataract, S. cumini and A. marmelos showed antioxidant and anticataract properties and preservation of lens morphology (p < 0.0001 to 0.05). S. cumini showed better anticataract activity than A. marmelos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hajarnavis
- Department of Biochemistry, D Y Patil Dental School, Pune 412105, India.
| | - P M Bulakh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Dhanakawdi, Pune 411043, India
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Ali Z, Cui D, Yang Y, Tracey-White D, Vazquez-Rodriguez G, Moosajee M, Ju R, Li X, Cao Y, Jensen LD. Synchronized tissue-scale vasculogenesis and ubiquitous lateral sprouting underlie the unique architecture of the choriocapillaris. Dev Biol 2020; 457:206-214. [PMID: 30796893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The choriocapillaris is an exceptionally high density, two-dimensional, sheet-like capillary network, characterized by the highest exchange rate of nutrients for waste products per area in the organism. These unique morphological and physiological features are critical for supporting the extreme metabolic requirements of the outer retina needed for vision. The developmental mechanisms and processes responsible for generating this unique vascular network remain, however, poorly understood. Here we take advantage of the zebrafish as a model organism for gaining novel insights into the cellular dynamics and molecular signaling mechanisms involved in the development of the choriocapillaris. We show for the first time that zebrafish have a choriocapillaris highly similar to that in mammals, and that it is initially formed by a novel process of synchronized vasculogenesis occurring simultaneously across the entire outer retina. This initial vascular network expands by un-inhibited sprouting angiogenesis whereby all endothelial cells adopt tip-cell characteristics, a process which is sustained throughout embryonic and early post-natal development, even after the choriocapillaris becomes perfused. Ubiquitous sprouting was maintained by continuous VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells delaying maturation until immediately before stages where vision becomes important for survival, leading to the unparalleled high density and lobular structure of this vasculature. Sprouting was throughout development limited to two dimensions by Bruch's membrane and the sclera at the anterior and posterior surfaces respectively. These novel cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying choriocapillaris development were recapitulated in mice. In conclusion, our findings reveal novel mechanisms underlying the development of the choriocapillaris during zebrafish and mouse development. These results may explain the uniquely high density and sheet-like organization of this vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ali
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dongmei Cui
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Pan-vascular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Dhani Tracey-White
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Gabriela Vazquez-Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- Department of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Rong Ju
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuri Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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26
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Kolatsi-Joannou M, Osborn D. A Technique for Studying Glomerular Filtration Integrity in the Zebrafish Pronephros. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2067:25-39. [PMID: 31701443 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9841-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With the advances in next-generation sequencing and rapid filtering of candidate variants in diseased patients, it has been increasingly important to develop translatable in vivo models to study genetic changes. This allows for functional validation of pathogenic mutations and establishes a system to understand the etiology of disease. Due to the ease of genetic manipulation and rapid ex utero development, the zebrafish has become a valuable resource to study important biological processes, including nephrogenesis. The development and function of the zebrafish pronephros are akin to that of mammals. As such, they offer a tractable model to study kidney disease, especially diabetic nephropathy. However, in order to study kidney dysfunction in zebrafish it is imperative that an appropriate readout is available. The appearance of macro-proteins in patient's urine is indicative of defective kidney function. In this technical chapter, we describe the in vivo use of fluorescently tagged dextrans of different molecular weights to reveal the integrity of the zebrafish glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kolatsi-Joannou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniel Osborn
- Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, UK.
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27
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Toms M, Dubis AM, Lim WS, Webster AR, Gorin MB, Moosajee M. Missense variants in the conserved transmembrane M2 protein domain of KCNJ13 associated with retinovascular changes in humans and zebrafish. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107852. [PMID: 31647904 PMCID: PMC6899441 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in KCNJ13 are associated with two retinal disorders; Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration (SVD). We describe a novel fibrovascular proliferation in the retina of two affected members of a KCNJ13-related LCA family with a homozygous c.458C > T, p.(Thr153Ile) missense mutation. Optical coherence tomography retinal imaging of the kcnj13 mutant zebrafish (obelixtd15 c.502T > C, p.[Phe168Leu]) revealed a late onset retinal degeneration at 12 months, with retinal thinning and associated retinovascular changes, including increased vessel calibre and vitreous deposits. Both human and zebrafish variants are missense and located within the conserved transmembrane M2 protein domain, suggesting that disruption of this region may contribute to retinovascular changes as an additional feature to the previously described LCA phenotype. Close monitoring of other patients with similar mutations may be required to minimise the ensuing retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Toms
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Adam M Dubis
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Wei Sing Lim
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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28
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Verra DM, Sajdak BS, Merriman DK, Hicks D. Diurnal rodents as pertinent animal models of human retinal physiology and pathology. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100776. [PMID: 31499165 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This presentation will survey the retinal architecture, advantages, and limitations of several lesser-known rodent species that provide a useful diurnal complement to rats and mice. These diurnal rodents also possess unusually cone-rich photoreceptor mosaics that facilitate the study of cone cells and pathways. Species to be presented include principally the Sudanian Unstriped Grass Rat and Nile Rat (Arvicanthis spp.), the Fat Sand Rat (Psammomys obesus), the degu (Octodon degus) and the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). The retina and optic nerve in several of these species demonstrate unusual resilience in the face of neuronal injury, itself an interesting phenomenon with potential translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Verra
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - David Hicks
- Department of Neurobiology of Rhythms, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), CNRS UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France.
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29
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Ennerfelt H, Voithofer G, Tibbo M, Miller D, Warfield R, Allen S, Kennett Clark J. Disruption of peripheral nerve development in a zebrafish model of hyperglycemia. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:862-871. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00318.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus-induced hyperglycemia is associated with a number of pathologies such as retinopathy, nephropathy, delayed wound healing, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Approximately 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus will develop DPN, which is characterized by disrupted sensory and/or motor functioning, with treatment limited to pain management. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) are an emerging animal model used to study a number of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and delayed wound healing have all been demonstrated in zebrafish. Recently, our laboratory has demonstrated that following the ablation of the insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas (and subsequent hyperglycemia), the peripheral nerves begin to show signs of dysregulation. In this study, we take a different approach, taking advantage of the transdermal absorption abilities of zebrafish larvae to extend the period of hyperglycemia. Following 5 days of 60 mM d-glucose treatment, we observed motor axon defasciculation, disturbances in perineurial glia sheath formation, decreased myelination of motor axons, and sensory neuron mislocalization. This study extends our understanding of the structural changes of the peripheral nerve following induction of hyperglycemia and does so in an animal model capable of potential DPN drug discovery in the future. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Zebrafish are emerging as a robust model system for the study of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and impaired wound healing. We present a novel model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in zebrafish in which the integrity of the peripheral nerve is dysregulated following the induction of hyperglycemia. By using this model, future studies can focus on elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms currently unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ennerfelt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Gabrielle Voithofer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Morgan Tibbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Derrick Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Warfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Samantha Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
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30
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Chisada S, Sugiyama A. Renal lesions in leptin receptor-deficient medaka ( Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:297-303. [PMID: 31719758 PMCID: PMC6831499 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate the renal lesions of leptin receptor-deficient
medaka showing hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia and to evaluate the usefulness of the
medaka as a model of diabetic nephropathy. Leptin receptor-deficient medaka at 20 and 30
weeks of age showed hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; they also showed a higher level of
plasma creatinine than the control medaka. Histopathologically, dilation of glomerular
capillary lumina and of afferent/efferent arterioles was observed in leptin
receptor-deficient medaka at 20 weeks of age, and then glomerular enlargement with cell
proliferation and matrix expansion, formation of fibrin cap-like lesions, glomerular
atrophy with Bowman’s capsule dilation, and renal tubule dilation were observed at 30
weeks of age. These histopathological characteristics of leptin receptor-deficient medaka
were similar to the characteristics of kidney lesions of human and rodent models of type
II diabetes mellitus, making leptin receptor-deficient medaka a useful model of diabetic
nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Chisada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari-shi, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
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31
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Lakstygal AM, de Abreu MS, Lifanov DA, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Serikuly N, Alpsyshov ET, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Demin KA, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Alekseeva P, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models of diabetes-related CNS pathogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:48-58. [PMID: 30476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder that affects multiple organ systems. DM also affects brain processes, contributing to various CNS disorders, including depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. Despite active research in humans, rodent models and in-vitro systems, the pathogenetic link between DM and brain disorders remains poorly understood. Novel translational models and new model organisms are therefore essential to more fully study the impact of DM on CNS. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful novel model species to study metabolic and CNS disorders. Here, we discuss how DM alters brain functions and behavior in zebrafish, and summarize their translational relevance to studying DM-related CNS pathogenesis in humans. We recognize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational DM research, as they continue to improve our understanding of different brain pathologies associated with DM, and may foster the discovery of drugs that prevent or treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Lifanov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai Song
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA.
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32
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Benchoula K, Khatib A, Jaffar A, Ahmed QU, Sulaiman WMAW, Wahab RA, El-Seedi HR. The promise of zebrafish as a model of metabolic syndrome. Exp Anim 2019; 68:407-416. [PMID: 31118344 PMCID: PMC6842808 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster including hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, and
hypertriglyceridaemia as a result of biochemical and physiological alterations and can
increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fundamental research on this
disease requires validated animal models. One potential animal model that is rapidly
gaining in popularity is zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish as
an animal model conveys several advantages, including high human genetic homology,
transparent embryos and larvae that allow easier visualization. This review discusses how
zebrafish models contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome studies. Different
diseases in the cluster of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycaemia, obesity, diabetes,
and hypertriglyceridaemia, have been successfully studied using zebrafish; and the model
is promising for hypertension and cardiovascular metabolic-related diseases due to its
genetic similarity to mammals. Genetic mutation, chemical induction, and dietary
alteration are among the tools used to improve zebrafish models. This field is expanding,
and thus, more effective and efficient techniques are currently developed to fulfil the
increasing demand for thorough investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.,Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahamad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ashika Jaffar
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Qamar Udin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Azizi Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abd Wahab
- Kulliyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Alrayan Medical colleges, Medina 42541, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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33
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Ali Z, Mukwaya A, Biesemeier A, Ntzouni M, Ramsköld D, Giatrellis S, Mammadzada P, Cao R, Lennikov A, Marass M, Gerri C, Hildesjö C, Taylor M, Deng Q, Peebo B, del Peso L, Kvanta A, Sandberg R, Schraermeyer U, Andre H, Steffensen JF, Lagali N, Cao Y, Kele J, Jensen LD. Intussusceptive Vascular Remodeling Precedes Pathological Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1402-1418. [PMID: 31242036 PMCID: PMC6636809 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Pathological neovascularization is crucial for progression and morbidity of serious diseases such as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. While mechanisms of ongoing pathological neovascularization have been extensively studied, the initiating pathological vascular remodeling (PVR) events, which precede neovascularization remains poorly understood. Here, we identify novel molecular and cellular mechanisms of preneovascular PVR, by using the adult choriocapillaris as a model. Approach and Results— Using hypoxia or forced overexpression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in the subretinal space to induce PVR in zebrafish and rats respectively, and by analyzing choriocapillaris membranes adjacent to choroidal neovascular lesions from age-related macular degeneration patients, we show that the choriocapillaris undergo robust induction of vascular intussusception and permeability at preneovascular stages of PVR. This PVR response included endothelial cell proliferation, formation of endothelial luminal processes, extensive vesiculation and thickening of the endothelium, degradation of collagen fibers, and splitting of existing extravascular columns. RNA-sequencing established a role for endothelial tight junction disruption, cytoskeletal remodeling, vesicle- and cilium biogenesis in this process. Mechanistically, using genetic gain- and loss-of-function zebrafish models and analysis of primary human choriocapillaris endothelial cells, we determined that HIF (hypoxia-induced factor)-1α-VEGF-A-VEGFR2 signaling was important for hypoxia-induced PVR. Conclusions— Our findings reveal that PVR involving intussusception and splitting of extravascular columns, endothelial proliferation, vesiculation, fenestration, and thickening is induced before neovascularization, suggesting that identifying and targeting these processes may prevent development of advanced neovascular disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ali
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences (Z.A., L.D.J.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Anthony Mukwaya
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Antje Biesemeier
- Experimental Vitreoretinal Surgery, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (A.B., U.S.)
| | - Maria Ntzouni
- Electronmicroscopy and Histology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine (M.N.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ramsköld
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (D.R., S.G., R.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarantis Giatrellis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (D.R., S.G., R.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Parviz Mammadzada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital (P.M., A.K., H.A.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renhai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (R.C., Y.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Michele Marass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Lung and Heart Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.M., C.G.)
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Lung and Heart Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (M.M., C.G.)
| | - Camilla Hildesjö
- Division of Surgery, Orthopedics and Oncology, Department for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (C.H.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Michael Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.T.)
| | - Qiaolin Deng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Luis del Peso
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (L.d.P.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM Madrid, Spain (L.d.P.)
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital (P.M., A.K., H.A.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (D.R., S.G., R.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Schraermeyer
- Experimental Vitreoretinal Surgery, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (A.B., U.S.)
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital (P.M., A.K., H.A.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Biological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Helsingor, Denmark (J.F.S.)
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., A.L., B.P., N.L.), Linkoping University, Sweden
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (R.C., Y.C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julianna Kele
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (Q.D., J.K.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lasse Dahl Jensen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences (Z.A., L.D.J.), Linkoping University, Sweden
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34
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Chang JYA, Yu F, Shi L, Ko ML, Ko GYP. Melatonin Affects Mitochondrial Fission/Fusion Dynamics in the Diabetic Retina. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8463125. [PMID: 31098384 PMCID: PMC6487082 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8463125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion are dependent on cellular nutritional states, and maintaining this dynamics is critical for the health of cells. Starvation triggers mitochondrial fusion to maintain bioenergetic efficiency, but during nutrient overloads (as with hyperglycemic conditions), fragmenting mitochondria is a way to store nutrients to avoid waste of energy. In addition to ATP production, mitochondria play an important role in buffering intracellular calcium (Ca2+). We found that in cultured 661W cells, a photoreceptor-derived cell line, hyperglycemic conditions triggered an increase of the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a protein marker of mitochondrial fission, and a decrease of mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a protein for mitochondrial fusion. Further, these hyperglycemic cells also had decreased mitochondrial Ca2+ but increased cytosolic Ca2+. Treating these hyperglycemic cells with melatonin, a multifaceted antioxidant, averted hyperglycemia-altered mitochondrial fission-and-fusion dynamics and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. To mimic how people most commonly take melatonin supplements, we gave melatonin to streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 1 diabetic mice by daily oral gavage and determined the effects of melatonin on diabetic eyes. We found that melatonin was not able to reverse the STZ-induced systemic hyperglycemic condition, but it prevented STZ-induced damage to the neural retina and retinal microvasculature. The beneficial effects of melatonin in the neural retina in part were through alleviating STZ-caused changes in mitochondrial dynamics and Ca2+ buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ya-An Chang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michael L. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gladys Y.-P. Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Texas A&M Institute of Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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35
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Rocker A, Howell J, Voithofer G, Clark JK. Acute effects of hyperglycemia on the peripheral nervous system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following nitroreductase-mediated β-cell ablation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R395-R405. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00258.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is estimated to affect 50% of diabetic patients. Although DPN is highly prevalent, molecular mechanisms remain unknown and treatment is limited to pain relief and glycemic control. We provide a novel model of acute DPN in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) larvae. Beginning 5 days postfertilization (dpf), zebrafish expressing nitroreductase in their pancreatic β-cells were treated with metronidazole (MTZ) for 48 h and checked for β-cell ablation 7 dpf. In experimental design, this was meant to serve as proof of concept that β-cell ablation and hyperglycemia are possible at this time point, but we were surprised to find changes in both sensory and motor nerve components. Compared with controls, neurod+ sensory neurons were often observed outside the dorsal root ganglia in MTZ-treated fish. Fewer motor nerves were properly ensheathed by nkx2.2a+ perineurial cells, and tight junctions were disrupted along the motor nerve in MTZ-treated fish compared with controls. Not surprisingly, the motor axons of the MTZ-treated group were defasciculated compared with the control group, myelination was attenuated, and there was a subtle difference in Schwann cell number between the MTZ-treated and control group. All structural changes occurred in the absence of behavioral changes in the larvae at this time point, suggesting that peripheral nerves are influenced by acute hyperglycemia before becoming symptomatic. Moving forward, this novel animal model of DPN will allow us to access the molecular mechanisms associated with the acute changes in the hyperglycemic peripheral nervous system, which may help direct therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rocker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Julia Howell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Gabrielle Voithofer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salisbury University, Salisbury, Maryland
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Sang S, Leung T. Methylglyoxal-Induced Retinal Angiogenesis in Zebrafish Embryo: A Potential Animal Model of Neovascular Retinopathy. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:2746735. [PMID: 31143470 PMCID: PMC6501125 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2746735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is an intermediate of glucose metabolism and the precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) found in high levels in blood or tissue of diabetic patients. MG and AGEs are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In order to determine if zebrafish is valuable to help us understand more about retinopathy, we evaluate if MG induces abnormal vascular change and angiogenesis in zebrafish in a short incubation period. We also used an inhibitor of VEGFR (PTK787) to explore the mechanistic role of VEGF in MG-induced pathogenesis. A transgenic Tg(flk1:GFP) zebrafish line was used, and the embryos were incubated with MG solution and in combination with glucose (to mimic hyperglycemia). Retinal vascular structure visible with fluorescence signal was imaged using fluorescence microscopy. The percentage of vascular area was calculated and found elevated in the MG treatment groups than that in the control group (p < 0.01) which indicated increased angiogenesis induced by MG treatment. PTK787 blocked the proangiogenic effects of MG treatment. This study suggests that MG has a potential proangiogenic effect via VEGF signaling in the retina of zebrafish embryos. Therefore, this zebrafish model may be used to study neovascular retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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37
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Tanvir Z, Nelson RF, DeCicco-Skinner K, Connaughton VP. One month of hyperglycemia alters spectral responses of the zebrafish photopic electroretinogram. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.035220. [PMID: 30158110 PMCID: PMC6215424 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia can alter retinal function, ultimately resulting in blindness. Adult zebrafish adults exposed to alternating conditions of 2% glucose/0% glucose display a 3× increase in blood sugar levels. After 4 weeks of treatment, electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from isolated, perfused, in vitro eyecups. Control animals were exposed to alternating 2% mannitol/0% mannitol (osmotic control) or to alternating water (0% glucose/0% glucose; handling control). Two types of ERGs were recorded: (1) native ERGs measured using white-light stimuli and medium without synaptic blockers; and (2) spectral ERGs measured with an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, isolating photoreceptor-to-ON-bipolar-cell synapses, and a spectral protocol that separated red (R), green (G), blue (B) and UV cone signals. Retinas were evaluated for changes in layer thickness and for the inflammatory markers GFAP and Nf-κB (RelA or p65). In native ERGs, hyperglycemic b- and d-waves were lower in amplitude than the b- and d-waves of mannitol controls. Alteration of waveshape became severe, with b-waves becoming more transient and ERG responses showing more PIII-like (a-wave) characteristics. For spectral ERGs, waveshape appeared similar in all treatment groups. However, a1- and b2-wave implicit times were significantly longer, and amplitudes were significantly reduced, in response to hyperglycemic treatment, owing to the functional reduction in signals from R, G and B cones. Nf-κB increased significantly in hyperglycemic retinas, but the increase in GFAP was not significant and retinal layer thickness was unaffected. Thus, prolonged hyperglycemia triggers an inflammatory response and functional deficits localized to specific cone types, indicating the rapid onset of neural complications in the zebrafish model of diabetic retinopathy. Summary: Zebrafish can be used to examine diabetic complications, including vision loss. Here, in zebrafish, we show that prolonged (4 week) hyperglycemia causes an inflammatory response associated with functional deficits localized to specific cone types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Tanvir
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Ralph F Nelson
- Neural Circuitry Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fisher's Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kathleen DeCicco-Skinner
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Department of Biology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA
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Meier A, Nelson R, Connaughton VP. Color Processing in Zebrafish Retina. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:327. [PMID: 30337857 PMCID: PMC6178926 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a model organism for vertebrate developmental processes and, through a variety of mutant and transgenic lines, various diseases and their complications. Some of these diseases relate to proper function of the visual system. In the US, the National Eye Institute indicates >140 million people over the age of 40 have some form of visual impairment. The causes of the impairments range from refractive error to cataract, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, plus heritable diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and color vision deficits. Most impairments directly affect the retina, the nervous tissue at the back of the eye. Zebrafish with long or short-wavelength color blindness, altered retinal anatomy due to hyperglycemia, high intraocular pressure, and reduced pigment epithelium are all used, and directly applicable, to study how these symptoms affect visual function. However, many published reports describe only molecular/anatomical/structural changes or behavioral deficits. Recent work in zebrafish has documented physiological responses of the different cell types to colored (spectral) light stimuli, indicating a complex level of information processing and color vision in this species. The purpose of this review article is to consolidate published morphological and physiological data from different cells to describe how zebrafish retina is capable of complex visual processing. This information is compared to findings in other vertebrates and relevance to disorders affecting color processing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Meier
- Zebrafish Ecotoxicology, Neuropharmacology, and Vision Lab, Department of Biology, and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ralph Nelson
- Neural Circuits Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Victoria P Connaughton
- Zebrafish Ecotoxicology, Neuropharmacology, and Vision Lab, Department of Biology, and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, United States
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39
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Zang L, Maddison LA, Chen W. Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30177968 PMCID: PMC6110173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes now considered global epidemics. The prevalence rates of diabetes are increasing in parallel with the rates of obesity and the strong connection between these two diseases has been coined as “diabesity.” The health risks of overweight or obesity include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease and cancer of numerous organs. Both obesity and diabetes are complex diseases that involve the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. The underlying pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes are not well understood and further research is needed for pharmacological and surgical management. Consequently, the use of animal models of obesity and/or diabetes is important for both improving the understanding of these diseases and to identify and develop effective treatments. Zebrafish is an attractive model system for studying metabolic diseases because of the functional conservation in lipid metabolism, adipose biology, pancreas structure, and glucose homeostasis. It is also suited for identification of novel targets associated with the risk and treatment of obesity and diabetes in humans. In this review, we highlight studies using zebrafish to model metabolic diseases, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lisette A Maddison
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Wiggenhauser LM, Kohl K, Dietrich N, Hammes HP, Kroll J. Studying Diabetes Through the Eyes of a Fish: Microdissection, Visualization, and Analysis of the Adult tg(fli:EGFP) Zebrafish Retinal Vasculature. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29364210 PMCID: PMC5908402 DOI: 10.3791/56674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness among middle-aged adults. The rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide will make the prevention of diabetic microvascular complications one of the key research fields of the next decades. Specialized, targeted therapy and novel therapeutic drugs are needed to manage the increasing number of patients at risk of vision-loss. The zebrafish is an established animal model for developmental research questions with increasing relevance for modeling metabolic multifactorial disease processes. The advantages of the species allow for optimal visualization and high throughput drug screening approaches, combined with the strong ability to knock out genes of interest. Here, we describe a protocol which will allow easy analysis of the adult tg(fli:EGFP) zebrafish retinal vasculature as a fast read-out in settings of long-term vascular pathologies linked to neoangiogenesis or vessel damage. This is achieved via dissection of the zebrafish retina and whole-mounting of the tissue. Visualization of the exposed vessels is then achieved via confocal microscopy of the green EGFP reporter expressed in the adult retinal vasculature. Correct handling of the tissue will lead to better outcomes and less internal vessel breakage to assure the visualization of the unaltered vascular structure. The method can be utilized in zebrafish models of retinal vasculopathy linked to changes in the vessel architecture as well as neoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moritz Wiggenhauser
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumorangiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | - Katharina Kohl
- V. Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | - Nadine Dietrich
- V. Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University
| | | | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumorangiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University;
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41
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Hogan BM, Schulte-Merker S. How to Plumb a Pisces: Understanding Vascular Development and Disease Using Zebrafish Embryos. Dev Cell 2017; 42:567-583. [PMID: 28950100 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our vasculature plays diverse and critical roles in homeostasis and disease. In recent decades, the use of zebrafish has driven our understanding of vascular development into new areas, identifying new genes and mechanisms controlling vessel formation and allowing unprecedented observation of the cellular and molecular events that shape the developing vasculature. Here, we highlight key mechanisms controlling formation of the zebrafish vasculature and investigate how knowledge from this highly tractable model system has informed our understanding of vascular disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hogan
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster 48149, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC-1003), WWU Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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42
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A Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mimetic Is Sufficient to Restore Cone Photoreceptor Visual Function in an Inherited Blindness Model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11320. [PMID: 28900183 PMCID: PMC5595969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversially, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are in clinical trial for the treatment of inherited retinal degeneration. Utilizing the zebrafish dyeucd6 model, we determined if treatment with HDACi can rescue cone photoreceptor-mediated visual function. dye exhibit defective visual behaviour and retinal morphology including ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) cell death and decreased photoreceptor outer segment (OS) length, as well as gross morphological defects including hypopigmentation and pericardial oedema. HDACi treatment of dye results in significantly improved optokinetic (OKR) (~43 fold, p < 0.001) and visualmotor (VMR) (~3 fold, p < 0.05) responses. HDACi treatment rescued gross morphological defects and reduced CMZ cell death by 80%. Proteomic analysis of dye eye extracts suggested BDNF-TrkB and Akt signaling as mediators of HDACi rescue in our dataset. Co-treatment with the TrkB antagonist ANA-12 blocked HDACi rescue of visual function and associated Akt phosphorylation. Notably, sole treatment with a BDNF mimetic, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone hydrate, significantly rescued dye visual function (~58 fold increase in OKR, p < 0.001, ~3 fold increase in VMR, p < 0.05). In summary, HDACi and a BDNF mimetic are sufficient to rescue retinal cell death and visual function in a vertebrate model of inherited blindness.
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Gut P, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR, Arnaout R. LITTLE FISH, BIG DATA: ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:889-938. [PMID: 28468832 PMCID: PMC5817164 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases worldwide is staggering. The emergence of systems approaches in biology promises new therapies, faster and cheaper diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, a profound understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels remains a fundamental requirement for discovery and therapeutics. Animal models of human disease are cornerstones of drug discovery as they allow identification of novel pharmacological targets by linking gene function with pathogenesis. The zebrafish model has been used for decades to study development and pathophysiology. More than ever, the specific strengths of the zebrafish model make it a prime partner in an age of discovery transformed by big-data approaches to genomics and disease. Zebrafish share a largely conserved physiology and anatomy with mammals. They allow a wide range of genetic manipulations, including the latest genome engineering approaches. They can be bred and studied with remarkable speed, enabling a range of large-scale phenotypic screens. Finally, zebrafish demonstrate an impressive regenerative capacity scientists hope to unlock in humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide on applications of zebrafish to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We delineate advantages and limitations of zebrafish models of human disease and summarize their most significant contributions to understanding disease progression to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Tarchick MJ, Bassiri P, Rohwer RM, Samuels IS. Early Functional and Morphologic Abnormalities in the Diabetic Nyxnob Mouse Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:3496-508. [PMID: 27367517 PMCID: PMC4961059 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-18775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The electroretinogram c-wave is generated by the summation of the positive polarity hyperpolarization of the apical RPE membrane and a negative polarity slow PIII response of Müller glia cells. Therefore, the c-wave reduction noted in prior studies of mouse models of diabetes could reflect a reduction in the RPE component or an increase in slow PIII. The present study used a genetic approach to distinguish between these two alternatives. Methods Nyxnob mice lack the ERG b-wave, revealing the early phase of slow PIII. To visualize changes in slow PIII due to diabetes, Nyxnob mice were given streptozotocin (STZ) injections to induce diabetes or received vehicle as a control. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks of sustained hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dL), standard strobe flash ERG and dc-ERG testing were conducted. Histological analysis of the retina was performed. Results A reduced c-wave was noted at the 1 week time point, and persisted at later time points. In comparison, slow PIII amplitudes were unaffected after 1 week of hyperglycemia, but were significantly reduced in STZ mice at the 2-week time point. The decrease in amplitude occurred before any identifiable decrease to the a-wave. At the later time point, the a-wave became involved, although the slow PIII reductions were more pronounced. Morphological abnormalities in the RPE, including increased thickness and altered melanosome distribution, were identified in diabetic animals. Conclusions Because the c-wave and slow PIII were both reduced, these results demonstrated that diabetes-induced reductions to the c-wave cannot be attributed to an early increase in the Müller glia-derived potassium conductance. Furthermore, because the a-wave, slow PIII and c-wave reductions were not equivalent, and varied in their onset, the reductions cannot reflect the same mechanism, such as a change in membrane resistance. The presence of small changes to RPE architecture indicate that the c-wave reductions present in diabetic mice likely represents a primary change in the RPE induced by hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Tarchick
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States 2Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Parastoo Bassiri
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Rebecca M Rohwer
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ivy S Samuels
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States 2Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Hammoum I, Benlarbi M, Dellaa A, Szabó K, Dékány B, Csaba D, Almási Z, Hajdú RI, Azaiz R, Charfeddine R, Lukáts Á, Ben Chaouacha-Chekir R. Study of retinal neurodegeneration and maculopathy in diabetic Meriones shawi: A particular animal model with human-like macula. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2890-2914. [PMID: 28542922 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to evaluate a potentially useful animal model, Meriones shawi (M.sh)-developing metabolic X syndrome, diabetes and possessing a visual streak similar to human macula-in the study of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema (DME). Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced by high fat diet administration in M.sh. Body weights, blood glucose levels were monitored throughout the study. Diabetic retinal histopathology was evaluated 3 and 7 months after diabetes induction. Retinal thickness was measured, retinal cell types were labeled by immunohistochemistry and the number of stained elements were quantified. Apoptosis was determined with TUNEL assay. T2D induced progressive changes in retinal histology. A significant decrease of retinal thickness and glial reactivity was observed without an increase in apoptosis rate. Photoreceptor outer segment degeneration was evident, with a significant decrease in the number of all cones and M-cone subtype, but-surprisingly-an increase in S-cones. Damage of the pigment epithelium was also confirmed. A decrease in the number and labeling intensity of parvalbumin- and calretinin-positive amacrine cells and a loss of ganglion cells was detected. Other cell types showed no evident alterations. No DME-like condition was noticed even after 7 months. M.sh could be a useful model to study the evolution of diabetic retinal pathology and to identify the role of hypertension and dyslipidemia in the development of the reported alterations. Longer follow up would be needed to evaluate the potential use of the visual streak in modeling human macular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Hammoum
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (PAB), department of Biotechnology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Univ Manouba (UMA), BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar University (UTM), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maha Benlarbi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (PAB), department of Biotechnology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Univ Manouba (UMA), BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Dellaa
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (PAB), department of Biotechnology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Univ Manouba (UMA), BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Klaudia Szabó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bulcsú Dékány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Csaba
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Almási
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rozina I Hajdú
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rached Azaiz
- UNIMED Pharmaceutical Industry, Industrial area Kalaa Kebira, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Charfeddine
- UNIMED Pharmaceutical Industry, Industrial area Kalaa Kebira, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Ákos Lukáts
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafika Ben Chaouacha-Chekir
- Laboratory of Physiopathology, Food and Biomolecules (PAB), department of Biotechnology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), Univ Manouba (UMA), BiotechPole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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46
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Dorsemans AC, Couret D, Hoarau A, Meilhac O, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Diotel N. Diabetes, adult neurogenesis and brain remodeling: New insights from rodent and zebrafish models. NEUROGENESIS 2017; 4:e1281862. [PMID: 28439518 DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1281862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes rapidly increased during the last decades in association with important changes in lifestyle. Diabetes and hyperglycemia are well-known for inducing deleterious effects on physiologic processes, increasing for instance cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, retinopathy and foot ulceration. Interestingly, diabetes also impairs brain morphology and functions such as (1) decreased neurogenesis (proliferation, differentiation and cell survival), (2) decreased brain volumes, (3) increased blood-brain barrier leakage, (4) increased cognitive impairments, as well as (5) increased stroke incidence and worse neurologic outcomes following stroke. Importantly, diabetes is positively associated with a higher risk to develop Alzheimer disease. In this context, we aim at reviewing the impact of diabetes on neural stem cell proliferation, newborn cell differentiation and survival in a homeostatic context or following stroke. We also report the effects of hyper- and hypoglycemia on the blood-brain barrier physiology through modifications of tight junctions and transporters. Finally, we discuss the implication of diabetes on cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Dorsemans
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - David Couret
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Anaïs Hoarau
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR Diabète athérothrombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
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Ail D, Perron M. Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration-Lessons From Fishes and Amphibians. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 5:67-78. [PMID: 28255526 PMCID: PMC5309292 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-017-0127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Retinal degenerative diseases have immense socio-economic impact. Studying animal models that recapitulate human eye pathologies aids in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and allows for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. Some non-mammalian species are known to have remarkable regenerative abilities and may provide the basis to develop strategies to stimulate self-repair in patients suffering from these retinal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Non-mammalian organisms, such as zebrafish and Xenopus, have become attractive model systems to study retinal diseases. Additionally, many fish and amphibian models of retinal cell ablation and cell lineage analysis have been developed to study regeneration. These investigations highlighted several cellular sources for retinal repair in different fish and amphibian species. Moreover, major differences in repair mechanisms have been reported in these animal models. SUMMARY This review aims to emphasize first on the importance of zebrafish and Xenopus models in studying the pathogenesis of retinal diseases and, second, on the different modes of regeneration processes in these model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ail
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
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Carnovali M, Luzi L, Banfi G, Mariotti M. Chronic hyperglycemia affects bone metabolism in adult zebrafish scale model. Endocrine 2016; 54:808-817. [PMID: 27696252 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that induce other pathologies including diabetic retinopathy and bone disease. The mechanisms implicated in bone alterations induced by type II diabetes mellitus have been debated for years and are not yet clear because there are other factors involved that hide bone mineral density alterations. Despite this, it is well known that chronic hyperglycemia affects bone health causing fragility, mechanical strength reduction and increased propensity of fractures because of impaired bone matrix microstructure and aberrant bone cells function. Adult Danio rerio (zebrafish) represents a powerful model to study glucose and bone metabolism. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate bone effects of chronic hyperglycemia in a new type II diabetes mellitus zebrafish model created by glucose administration in the water. Fish blood glucose levels have been monitored in time course experiments and basal glycemia was found increased. After 1 month treatment, the morphology of the retinal blood vessels showed abnormalities resembling to the human diabetic retinopathy. The adult bone metabolism has been evaluated in fish using the scales as read-out system. The scales of glucose-treated fish didn't depose new mineralized matrix and shown bone resorption lacunae associated with an intense osteoclast activity. In addition, hyperglycemic fish scales have shown a significant decrease of alkaline phosphatase activity and increase of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, in association with alterations in other bone-specific markers. These data indicates an imbalance in bone metabolism, which leads to the osteoporotic-like phenotype visualized through scale mineral matrix staining. The zebrafish model of hyperglycemic damage can contribute to elucidate in vivo the molecular mechanisms of metabolic changes, which influence the bone tissues regulation in human diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Livio Luzi
- Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Dep. Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Tappeiner C, Maurer E, Sallin P, Bise T, Enzmann V, Tschopp M. Inhibition of the TGFβ Pathway Enhances Retinal Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167073. [PMID: 27880821 PMCID: PMC5120850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the mammalian retina, the zebrafish retina exhibits the potential for lifelong retinal neurogenesis and regeneration even after severe damage. Previous studies have shown that the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is activated during the regeneration of different tissues in the zebrafish and is needed for regeneration in the heart and the fin. In this study, we have investigated the role of the TGFβ pathway in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced chemical model of rod photoreceptor de- and regeneration in adult zebrafish. Immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated Smad3 was elevated during retinal regeneration, and phosphorylated Smad3 co-localized with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and glutamine synthetase, indicating TGFβ pathway activation in proliferating Müller glia. Inhibiting the TGFβ signaling pathway using a small molecule inhibitor (SB431542) resulted in accelerated recovery from retinal degeneration. Accordingly, we observed increased cell proliferation in the outer nuclear layer at days 3 to 8 after MNU treatment. In contrast to the observations in the heart and the fin, the inhibition of the TGFβ signaling pathway resulted in increased proliferation after the induction of retinal degeneration. A better understanding of the underlying pathways with the possibility to boost retinal regeneration in adult zebrafish may potentially help to stimulate such proliferation also in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Tappeiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ellinor Maurer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Sallin
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bise
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Volker Enzmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Tschopp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Dorsemans AC, Soulé S, Weger M, Bourdon E, Lefebvre d'Hellencourt C, Meilhac O, Diotel N. Impaired constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis in adult hyperglycemic zebrafish. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:442-458. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Dorsemans
- Inserm; UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI); plateforme CYROI Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188; Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
| | - Stéphanie Soulé
- Inserm; UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI); plateforme CYROI Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188; Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
| | - Meltem Weger
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Inserm; UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI); plateforme CYROI Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188; Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm; UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI); plateforme CYROI Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188; Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm; UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI); plateforme CYROI Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188; Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
- CHU de La Réunion; F-97400 Saint-Denis France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Inserm; UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI); plateforme CYROI Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188; Sainte-Clotilde F-97490 France
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