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Menezes AC, Jones R, Shrestha A, Nicholson R, Leckenby A, Azevedo A, Davies S, Baker S, Gilkes AF, Darley RL, Tonks A. Increased expression of RUNX3 inhibits normal human myeloid development. Leukemia 2022; 36:1769-1780. [PMID: 35490198 PMCID: PMC9252899 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RUNX3 is a transcription factor dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, its role in normal myeloid development and leukemia is poorly understood. Here we investigate RUNX3 expression in both settings and the impact of its dysregulation on myelopoiesis. We found that RUNX3 mRNA expression was stable during hematopoiesis but decreased with granulocytic differentiation. In AML, RUNX3 mRNA was overexpressed in many disease subtypes, but downregulated in AML with core binding factor abnormalities, such as RUNX1::ETO. Overexpression of RUNX3 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) inhibited myeloid differentiation, particularly of the granulocytic lineage. Proliferation and myeloid colony formation were also inhibited. Conversely, RUNX3 knockdown did not impact the myeloid growth and development of human HSPC. Overexpression of RUNX3 in the context of RUNX1::ETO did not rescue the RUNX1::ETO-mediated block in differentiation. RNA-sequencing showed that RUNX3 overexpression downregulates key developmental genes, such as KIT and RUNX1, while upregulating lymphoid genes, such as KLRB1 and TBX21. Overall, these data show that increased RUNX3 expression observed in AML could contribute to the developmental arrest characteristic of this disease, possibly by driving a competing transcriptional program favoring a lymphoid fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Menezes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachel Jones
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alina Shrestha
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachael Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Amanda F Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Cardiff Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Zeng M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang W, Yu Q, Zeng W, Ma D, Gan J, Yang Z, Jiang X. Two birds with one stone: YQSSF regulates both proliferation and apoptosis of bone marrow cells to relieve chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115028. [PMID: 35077825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yiqi Shengsui formula (YQSSF) is a commonly used formula to treat chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, but little is known about its therapeutic mechanisms. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study aims to examine the effect of YQSSF in treating myelosuppression and explore its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A myelosuppression BALB/c mouse model was established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). The efficacy of YQSSF in alleviating chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression was evaluated by blood cell count, immune organ (thymus, spleen, liver) index, bone marrow nucleated cell (BMNC) count and histopathological analysis of bone marrow and spleen. Then, ultra-performance liquid chromatograph quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed to analyze the ingredients of YQSSF extract. Key effects and potential mechanism of YQSSF extract in alleviating myelosuppression were predicted by network pharmacology method. Finally, cell cycle and TUNEL staining of bone marrow cells was detected to verify the key effects, and RT-qPCR or Western blotting were performed to measure the gene and protein expressions of the effect targets respectively to confirm the predicted mechanism of YQSSF for myelosuppression. RESULTS YQSSF up-regulated the number of peripheral blood leukocytes and BMNC, reduced spleen index and liver index, improved the pathological morphology of bone marrow and spleen. A total of 40 ingredients were isolated from YQSSF extract using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS analysis. Network pharmacology revealed that YQSSF regulated both proliferation and apoptosis to alleviate myelosuppression. Finally, YQSSF decreased G0/G1 ratio, increased the proportion of bone marrow cells in S phase and proliferation index (PI), and reduced apoptotic cells in femur bone marrow. RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that YQSSF up-regulated the expression levels of CDK4, CDK6, CyclinB1, c-Myc and Bcl-2, as well as down-regulated the expression levels of Cyt-c, Fas, Caspase-8/3 and p53. CONCLUSIONS YQSSF promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of bone marrow cells to relieve chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Qun Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Dongming Ma
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Joshi M, Gangenahalli G. Myelopoiesis specific gene expression profiling in human CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 37:119128. [PMID: 32707324 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of the HSCs into myeloid lineage is primarily monitored by transcription factor PU.1. GATA1 acts as a negative regulator by antagonizing the function of PU.1 by bindings its β3/β4 domain. In this study, a mutation was induced in PU.1 which blocks its interaction with GATA1. The pure form of this mutant protein i.e Y244D was loaded on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to transfect CD34+ cells, which act as a selective tool to enhance the myelopoiesis, as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Further, microarray data analysis was performed to gather information on myelopoiesis specific signaling pathways and genes involved in myelopoiesis like CCL2, S100A8, and S100A9, which were also found to be significantly upregulated in the mutant form. Different molecular functions like antioxidant activity, signal transduction, developmental processes, and biological adhesion were analyzed. This study potentially signifies that PU.1 mutant is highly efficient in myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Joshi
- Division of Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Gurudutta Gangenahalli
- Division of Stem Cell & Gene Therapy Research, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Research and Development Organization, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Madsen RR, Knox RG, Pearce W, Lopez S, Mahler-Araujo B, McGranahan N, Vanhaesebroeck B, Semple RK. Oncogenic PIK3CA promotes cellular stemness in an allele dose-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:8380-8389. [PMID: 30948643 PMCID: PMC6486754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821093116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIK3CA gene, which encodes the p110α catalytic subunit of PI3 kinase (PI3K), is mutationally activated in cancer and in overgrowth disorders known as PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). To determine the consequences of genetic PIK3CA activation in a developmental context of relevance to both PROS and cancer, we engineered isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with heterozygous or homozygous knockin of PIK3CAH1047R While heterozygous iPSCs remained largely similar to wild-type cells, homozygosity for PIK3CAH1047R caused widespread, cancer-like transcriptional remodeling, partial loss of epithelial morphology, up-regulation of stemness markers, and impaired differentiation to all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Genetic analysis of PIK3CA-associated cancers revealed that 64% had multiple oncogenic PIK3CA copies (39%) or additional PI3K signaling pathway-activating "hits" (25%). This contrasts with the prevailing view that PIK3CA mutations occur heterozygously in cancer. Our findings suggest that a PI3K activity threshold determines pathological consequences of oncogenic PIK3CA activation and provide insight into the specific role of this pathway in human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa R Madsen
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel G Knox
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Pearce
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Saioa Lopez
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Betania Mahler-Araujo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Histopathology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Bart Vanhaesebroeck
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Semple
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom;
- National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
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Design and synthesis of 1,4-substituted 1H-1,2,3-triazolo-quinazolin-4(3H)-ones by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with PI3Kγ isoform selective activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1005-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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6
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Byelinska IV, Lynchak OV, Tsyvinska SM, Rybalchenko VK. [MORPHOFUNCTIONAL STATE OF BLOOD CELLS AFTER CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF THE PROTEIN KINASES INHIBITOR MALEIMIDE DERIVATIVE]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:71-7. [PMID: 26552308 DOI: 10.15407/fz61.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the protein kinases inhibitor maleimide derivative (MI-1, 1-(4-Cl-benzyl)-3-Cl-4-(CF3-phenylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione), inhibitor of VEGF-R1,2,3, FGF-R1, EGF-R(h), PDK1, Src(h), Syk(h), YES, ZAP70 et al. with antineoplastic activity, on blood cells parameters of rats after chronic exposure has been studied. Administration of MI-1 at doses 0.027 and 2.7 mg/kg (suppress colon carcinogenesis) for 20 and 26 weeks does not affect the morphofunctional state of red blood cells in healthy rats. This is confirmed by the lack of differences in the concentration of hemoglobin in blood, red blood cells count, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, and the number of reticulocytes in blood after 20 and 26 weeks of exposure compared with the control group. MI-1 at indicated doses does not influence total leukocytes count and content (eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes) and does not inhibit thrombocytopoiesis (platelet count remains unchanged). No negative effect of MI-1 on hematopoiesis is not limited (by the hemopoietic system) use of this compound as a potential antitumor drug
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Nii T, Marumoto T, Kohara H, Yamaguchi S, Kawano H, Sasaki E, Kametani Y, Tani K. Improved hematopoietic differentiation of primate embryonic stem cells by inhibition of the PI3K-AKT pathway under defined conditions. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:901-911.e4. [PMID: 26073521 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have potential therapeutic applications in humans. To assess the safety and efficacy of ESC/iPSC-based therapies, reliable animal models are required prior to their clinical application. The common marmoset (CM) was recently found to be a useful nonhuman primate animal model for drug development and safety assessment. However, a method for the efficient hematopoietic differentiation of CM ESCs has not been established. In this study, we developed a novel and efficient method for differentiating CM ESCs into hematopoietic cells by transiently inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, a critical pathway that maintains the undifferentiated state of CM ESCs during embryoid body (EB) formation. Compared with controls, transient inhibition of the P13K-AKT pathway resulted in a threefold increase in the proportion of enriched CD34⁺ cells (p < 0.001) and an increase in the number of hematopoietic colonies on day 8 of CM EB cultures. Moreover, number of blast colonies, number of hematopoietic progenitor cell populations of CD34⁺CD117⁺, CD34⁺CD45⁺, and CD43⁺CD45⁺ cells, and expression of hematopoietic genes were increased by transient inhibition of the PI3K-AKT pathway. We also demonstrated that the hematopoietic progenitor cell population was increased by inhibition of PI3K in a human system. Our novel and efficient ESC differentiation method might be useful for preclinical research on human hematopoietic disorders and may be efficiently translated to human ESC/iPSC-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenobu Nii
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomotoshi Marumoto
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohara
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Project Division of ALA Advanced Medical Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kawano
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kametani
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Tani
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Project Division of ALA Advanced Medical Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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8
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Winkler DG, Faia KL, DiNitto JP, Ali JA, White KF, Brophy EE, Pink MM, Proctor JL, Lussier J, Martin CM, Hoyt JG, Tillotson B, Murphy EL, Lim AR, Thomas BD, Macdougall JR, Ren P, Liu Y, Li LS, Jessen KA, Fritz CC, Dunbar JL, Porter JR, Rommel C, Palombella VJ, Changelian PS, Kutok JL. PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ inhibition by IPI-145 abrogates immune responses and suppresses activity in autoimmune and inflammatory disease models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:1364-74. [PMID: 24211136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-δ and PI3K-γ are preferentially expressed in immune cells, and inhibitors targeting these isoforms are hypothesized to have anti-inflammatory activity by affecting the adaptive and innate immune response. We report on a potent oral PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ inhibitor (IPI-145) and characterize this compound in biochemical, cellular, and in vivo assays. These studies demonstrate that IPI-145 exerts profound effects on adaptive and innate immunity by inhibiting B and T cell proliferation, blocking neutrophil migration, and inhibiting basophil activation. We explored the therapeutic value of combined PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ blockade, and IPI-145 showed potent activity in collagen-induced arthritis, ovalbumin-induced asthma, and systemic lupus erythematosus rodent models. These findings support the hypothesis that inhibition of immune function can be achieved through PI3K-δ and PI3K-γ blockade, potentially leading to significant therapeutic effects in multiple inflammatory, autoimmune, and hematologic diseases.
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Turinetto V, Orlando L, Sanchez-Ripoll Y, Kumpfmueller B, Storm MP, Porcedda P, Minieri V, Saviozzi S, Accomasso L, Cibrario Rocchietti E, Moorwood K, Circosta P, Cignetti A, Welham MJ, Giachino C. High Basal γH2AX Levels Sustain Self-Renewal of Mouse Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:1414-23. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Abstract
A strict physiological balance between endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors controls endothelial cell functions, such that endothelial cell growth is normally restrained. However, in pathologic angiogenesis, a shift occurs in the balance of regulators, favoring endothelial growth. Much of the control of angiogenic events is instigated through hypoxia-induced VEGF expression. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) plays a central role in fine-tuning the functions of core proangiogenic proteins, including VEGF, VEGFR-2, angiogenic signaling proteins (e.g., the PLCγ1 and PI3 kinase/AKT pathways), and other non-VEGF angiogenic pathways. The emerging mechanisms by which ubiquitin modification of angiogenic proteins control angiogenesis involve both proteolytic and nonproteolytic functions. Here, I review recent advances that link the UPS to regulation of angiogenesis and highlight the potential therapeutic value of the UPS in angiogenesis-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, Boston University Medical Campus, 670 Albany St., Room 510, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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11
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Orlando L, Sanchez-Ripoll Y, Foster J, Bone H, Giachino C, Welham MJ. Differential coupling of self-renewal signaling pathways in murine induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30234. [PMID: 22291922 PMCID: PMC3264619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to reprogram somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), exhibiting properties similar to those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), has attracted much attention, with many studies focused on improving efficiency of derivation and unraveling the mechanisms of reprogramming. Despite this widespread interest, our knowledge of the molecular signaling pathways that are active in iPSCs and that play a role in controlling their fate have not been studied in detail. To address this shortfall, we have characterized the influence of different signals on the behavior of a model mouse iPSC line. We demonstrate significant responses of this iPSC line to the presence of serum, which leads to profoundly enhanced proliferation and, depending on the medium used, a reduction in the capacity of the iPSCs to self-renew. Surprisingly, this iPSC line was less sensitive to withdrawal of LIF compared to ESCs, exemplified by maintenance of expression of a Nanog-GFP reporter and enhanced self-renewal in the absence of LIF. While inhibition of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling decreased iPSC self-renewal, inhibition of Gsk-3 promoted it, even in the absence of LIF. High passages of this iPSC line displayed altered characteristics, including genetic instability and a reduced ability to self-renew. However, this second feature could be restored upon inhibition of Gsk-3. Collectively, our data suggest modulation of Gsk-3 activity plays a key role in the control of iPSC fate. We propose that more careful consideration should be given to characterization of the molecular pathways that control the fate of different iPSC lines, since perturbations from those observed in naïve pluripotent ESCs could render iPSCs and their derivatives susceptible to aberrant and potentially undesirable behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Orlando
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
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12
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Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases in normal and pathologic hematopoietic cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 362:163-84. [PMID: 23086418 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5025-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases which produce the D3-phosphoinositide second messenger phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in response to membrane receptors activation play a critical role in cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and motility. These lipid kinases and the phosphatases regulating the level of D3-phosphoinositides have been an intense area of research these last two decades. The class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases signaling is found aberrantly activated in numerous human cancers, including in malignant hemopathies, and are important therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Haematopoiesis is an ongoing process which generates the distinct blood cell types from a common hematopoietic stem cell through the action of a variety of cytokines. In the human adult hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow, and defects in hematopoiesis result in diseases, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, myeloproliferative syndromes, or leukemia. Here we give a brief overview of the role of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases in hematopoietic stem cells, in hematopoietic lineage development and in leukemia, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia and summarize the potential therapeutic implications.
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Manavathi B, Lo D, Bugide S, Dey O, Imren S, Weiss MJ, Humphries RK. Functional regulation of pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox interacting protein 1 (PBXIP1/HPIP) in erythroid differentiation. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:5600-14. [PMID: 22187427 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.289843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox interacting protein 1 or human PBX1 interacting protein (PBXIP1/HPIP) is a co-repressor of pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 1 (PBX1) and is also known to regulate estrogen receptor functions by associating with the microtubule network. Despite its initial discovery in the context of hematopoietic cells, little is yet known about the role of HPIP in hematopoiesis. Here, we show that lentivirus-mediated overexpression of HPIP in human CD34(+) cells enhances hematopoietic colony formation in vitro, whereas HPIP knockdown leads to a reduction in the number of such colonies. Interestingly, erythroid colony number was significantly higher in HPIP-overexpressing cells. In addition, forced expression of HPIP in K562 cells, a multipotent erythro-megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line, led to an induction of erythroid differentiation. HPIP overexpression in both CD34(+) and K562 cells was associated with increased activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and corresponding treatment with a PI3K-specific inhibitor, LY-294002, caused a reduction in clonogenic progenitor number in HPIP-expressing CD34(+) cells and decreased K562 cell differentiation. Combined, these findings point to an important role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in mediating HPIP-induced effects on the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Interestingly, HPIP gene expression was found to be induced in K562 cells in response to erythroid differentiation signals such as DMSO and erythropoietin. The erythroid lineage-specific transcription factor GATA1 binds to the HPIP promoter and activates HPIP gene transcription in a CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-dependent manner. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments revealed the association of CTCF with GATA1 indicating the recruitment of CTCF/GATA1 transcription factor complex onto the HPIP promoter. Together, this study provides evidence that HPIP is a target of GATA1 and CTCF in erythroid cells and plays an important role in erythroid differentiation by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramanandam Manavathi
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India.
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Suppression of the PI3K subunit p85α delays embryoid body development and inhibits cell adhesion. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:3573-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wontakal SN, Guo X, Will B, Shi M, Raha D, Mahajan MC, Weissman S, Snyder M, Steidl U, Zheng D, Skoultchi AI. A large gene network in immature erythroid cells is controlled by the myeloid and B cell transcriptional regulator PU.1. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001392. [PMID: 21695229 PMCID: PMC3111485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PU.1 is a hematopoietic transcription factor that is required for the development of myeloid and B cells. PU.1 is also expressed in erythroid progenitors, where it blocks erythroid differentiation by binding to and inhibiting the main erythroid promoting factor, GATA-1. However, other mechanisms by which PU.1 affects the fate of erythroid progenitors have not been thoroughly explored. Here, we used ChIP-Seq analysis for PU.1 and gene expression profiling in erythroid cells to show that PU.1 regulates an extensive network of genes that constitute major pathways for controlling growth and survival of immature erythroid cells. By analyzing fetal liver erythroid progenitors from mice with low PU.1 expression, we also show that the earliest erythroid committed cells are dramatically reduced in vivo. Furthermore, we find that PU.1 also regulates many of the same genes and pathways in other blood cells, leading us to propose that PU.1 is a multifaceted factor with overlapping, as well as distinct, functions in several hematopoietic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep N. Wontakal
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Xingyi Guo
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Britta Will
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Minyi Shi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Debasish Raha
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Milind C. Mahajan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sherman Weissman
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Deyou Zheng
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AI Skoultchi); (D Zheng)
| | - Arthur I. Skoultchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AI Skoultchi); (D Zheng)
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Storm MP, Orchard CB, Bone HK, Chaudhuri JB, Welham MJ. Three-dimensional culture systems for the expansion of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 107:683-95. [PMID: 20589846 PMCID: PMC3580883 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines, and more recently human ESC lines, have become valuable tools for studying early mammalian development. Increasing interest in ESCs and their differentiated progeny in drug discovery and as potential therapeutic agents has highlighted the fact that current two-dimensional (2D) static culturing techniques are inadequate for large-scale production. The culture of mammalian cells in three-dimensional (3D) agitated systems has been shown to overcome many of the restrictions of 2D and is therefore likely to be effective for ESC proliferation. Using murine ESCs as our initial model, we investigated the effectiveness of different 3D culture environments for the expansion of pluripotent ESCs. Solohill Collagen, Solohill FACT, and Cultispher-S microcarriers were employed and used in conjunction with stirred bioreactors. Initial seeding parameters, including cell number and agitation conditions, were found to be critical in promoting attachment to microcarriers and minimizing the size of aggregates formed. While all microcarriers supported the growth of undifferentiated mESCs, Cultispher-S out-performed the Solohill microcarriers. When cultured for successive passages on Cultispher-S microcarriers, mESCs maintained their pluripotency, demonstrated by self-renewal, expression of pluripotency markers and the ability to undergo multi-lineage differentiation. When these optimized conditions were applied to unweaned human ESCs, Cultispher-S microcarriers supported the growth of hESCs that retained expression of pluripotency markers including SSEA4, Tra-1–60, NANOG, and OCT-4. Our study highlights the importance of optimization of initial seeding parameters and provides proof-of-concept data demonstrating the utility of microcarriers and bioreactors for the expansion of hESCs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107:683–695. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Storm
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Carnevalli LS, Masuda K, Frigerio F, Le Bacquer O, Um SH, Gandin V, Topisirovic I, Sonenberg N, Thomas G, Kozma SC. S6K1 plays a critical role in early adipocyte differentiation. Dev Cell 2010; 18:763-74. [PMID: 20493810 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Earlier, we reported that S6K1(-/-) mice have reduced body fat mass, have elevated rates of lipolysis, have severely decreased adipocyte size, and are resistant to high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Here we report that adipocytes of S6K1(-/-) mice on a HFD have the capacity to increase in size to a degree comparable to that of wild-type (WT) mice, but not in number, indicating an unexpected lesion in adipogenesis. Tracing this lesion revealed that S6K1 is dispensable for terminal adipocyte differentiation, but is involved in the commitment of embryonic stem cells to early adipocyte progenitors. We further show that absence of S6K1 attenuates the upregulation of transcription factors critical for commitment to adipogenesis. These results led to the conclusion that a lack of S6K1 impairs the generation of de novo adipocytes when mice are challenged with a HFD, consistent with a reduction in early adipocyte progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa S Carnevalli
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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18
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Corrigan PM, Dobbin E, Freeburn RW, Wheadon H. Patterns of Wnt/Fzd/LRP gene expression during embryonic hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:759-72. [PMID: 18800919 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays several roles in hematopoiesis, promoting hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal, providing proliferative signals for immature progenitors and regulating lineage commitment. To ascertain which Wnt proteins and receptors are important during hematopoietic development, we used two systems; in vitro hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells and tissues isolated from sites specific for hematopoiesis during mouse embryogenesis. Initially genes involved in hematopoiesis were profiled and indicate differentiating ES cells undergo a wave of primitive hematopoiesis (Day 3.75) similar to the mouse yolk sac, followed by a wave of more definitive hematopoiesis (Day 7.75) comparable to the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) and E15.5 liver with lineage commitment by Day 15. A similar biphasic expression pattern occurred for Wnt/Fzd/LRP genes with Wnt 3, 5a, 8a, Fzd4, and LRP5 becoming upregulated during primitive hematopoiesis, followed by Wnt3a, 6, 7b, 10b, and 16 during more definitive hematopoiesis. High expression of Wnt5a, Fzd4, and LRP5 during the first phase of hematopoiesis suggests these genes are involved in early hematopoietic regulation. Wnt3a and 16 were also expressed at specific stages, with Wnt16 detected when the earliest lymphoid progenitors are formed (AGM and 2 degrees BC of ES differentiation). Wnt3a expression corresponded with the induction of definitive hematopoiesis a period, which involves rapid expansion of HSC (Day 7.75 of ES differentiation, AGM and E15.5 liver). Supplementation with Wnt3a during ES hematopoietic differentiation increased proliferation and appeared to promote stem cell expansion. Overall this study provides valuable information on the Wnt/Fzd/LRP involved in supporting embryonic hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Corrigan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Gaines P, Tien CW, Olins AL, Olins DE, Shultz LD, Carney L, Berliner N. Mouse neutrophils lacking lamin B-receptor expression exhibit aberrant development and lack critical functional responses. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:965-76. [PMID: 18550262 PMCID: PMC2543941 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The capacity of neutrophils to eradicate bacterial infections is dependent on normal development and activation of functional responses, which include chemotaxis and generation of oxygen radicals during the respiratory burst. A unique feature of the neutrophil is its highly lobulated nucleus, which is thought to facilitate chemotaxis, but may also play a role in other critical neutrophil functions. Nuclear lobulation is dependent on expression of the inner nuclear envelope protein, the lamin B receptor (LBR), mutations of which cause hypolobulated neutrophil nuclei in human Pelger-Huët anomaly and the "ichthyosis" (ic) phenotype in mice. In this study, we have investigated roles for LBR in mediating neutrophil development and activation of multiple neutrophil functions, including chemotaxis and the respiratory burst. MATERIALS AND METHODS A progenitor EML cell line was generated from an ic/ic mouse, and derived cells that lacked LBR expression were induced to mature neutrophils and then examined for abnormal morphology and functional responses. RESULTS Neutrophils derived from EML-ic/ic cells exhibited nuclear hypolobulation identical to that observed in ichthyosis mice. The ic/ic neutrophils also displayed abnormal chemotaxis, supporting the notion that nuclear segmentation augments neutrophil extravasation. Furthermore, promyelocytic forms of ic/ic cells displayed decreased proliferative responses and produced a deficient respiratory burst upon terminal maturation. CONCLUSIONS Our studies of promyelocytes that lack LBR expression have identified roles for LBR in regulating not only the morphologic maturation of the neutrophil nucleus, but also proliferative and functional responses that are critical to innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gaines
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Biological Sciences, Lowell, MA
| | - Chiung W. Tien
- University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Biological Sciences, Lowell, MA
| | - Ada L. Olins
- Bowdoin College, Biology Department, Brunswick, ME
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