1
|
Tirelli M, Bonfiglio F, Cantalupo S, Montella A, Avitabile M, Maiorino T, Diskin SJ, Iolascon A, Capasso M. Integrative genomic analyses identify neuroblastoma risk genes involved in neuronal differentiation. Hum Genet 2024:10.1007/s00439-024-02700-2. [PMID: 39192051 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have been decisive in elucidating the genetic predisposition of neuroblastoma (NB). The majority of genetic variants identified in GWAS are found in non-coding regions, suggesting that they can be causative of pathogenic dysregulations of gene expression. Nonetheless, pinpointing the potential causal genes within implicated genetic loci remains a major challenge. In this study, we integrated NB GWAS and expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) data from adrenal gland to identify candidate genes impacting NB susceptibility. We found that ZMYM1, CBL, GSKIP and WDR81 expression was dysregulated by NB predisposing variants. We further investigated the functional role of the identified genes through computational analysis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from single-cell and whole-tissue samples of NB, neural crest, and adrenal gland tissues, as well as through in vitro differentiation assays in NB cell cultures. Our results indicate that dysregulation of ZMYM1, CBL, GSKIP, WDR81 may lead to malignant transformation by affecting early and late stages of normal program of neuronal differentiation. Our findings enhance the understanding of how specific genes contribute to NB pathogenesis by highlighting their influence on neuronal differentiation and emphasizing the impact of genetic risk variants on the regulation of genes involved in critical biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Tirelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalaura Montella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Teresa Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Sharon J Diskin
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trang KB, Pahl MC, Pippin JA, Su C, Littleton SH, Sharma P, Kulkarni NN, Ghanem LR, Terry NA, O’Brien JM, Wagley Y, Hankenson KD, Jermusyk A, Hoskins JW, Amundadottir LT, Xu M, Brown KM, Anderson SA, Yang W, Titchenell PM, Seale P, Cook L, Levings MK, Zemel BS, Chesi A, Wells AD, Grant SF. 3D genomic features across >50 diverse cell types reveal insights into the genomic architecture of childhood obesity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.08.30.23294092. [PMID: 37693606 PMCID: PMC10491377 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.23294092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide, along with the associated common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. Motivated by evidence for a strong genetic component, our prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) efforts for childhood obesity revealed 19 independent signals for the trait; however, the mechanism of action of these loci remains to be elucidated. To molecularly characterize these childhood obesity loci we sought to determine the underlying causal variants and the corresponding effector genes within diverse cellular contexts. Integrating childhood obesity GWAS summary statistics with our existing 3D genomic datasets for 57 human cell types, consisting of high-resolution promoter-focused Capture-C/Hi-C, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq, we applied stratified LD score regression and calculated the proportion of genome-wide SNP heritability attributable to cell type-specific features, revealing pancreatic alpha cell enrichment as the most statistically significant. Subsequent chromatin contact-based fine-mapping was carried out for genome-wide significant childhood obesity loci and their linkage disequilibrium proxies to implicate effector genes, yielded the most abundant number of candidate variants and target genes at the BDNF, ADCY3, TMEM18 and FTO loci in skeletal muscle myotubes and the pancreatic beta-cell line, EndoC-BH1. One novel implicated effector gene, ALKAL2 - an inflammation-responsive gene in nerve nociceptors - was observed at the key TMEM18 locus across multiple immune cell types. Interestingly, this observation was also supported through colocalization analysis using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) derived from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) dataset, supporting an inflammatory and neurologic component to the pathogenesis of childhood obesity. Our comprehensive appraisal of 3D genomic datasets generated in a myriad of different cell types provides genomic insights into pediatric obesity pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanh B. Trang
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew C. Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James A. Pippin
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chun Su
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheridan H. Littleton
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prabhat Sharma
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nikhil N. Kulkarni
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis R. Ghanem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie A. Terry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Penn Medicine Center for Ophthalmic Genetics in Complex Disease
| | - Yadav Wagley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kurt D. Hankenson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Jermusyk
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason W. Hoskins
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laufey T. Amundadottir
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mai Xu
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin M Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stewart A. Anderson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenli Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul M. Titchenell
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Babette S. Zemel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Wells
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F.A. Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lai WY, Chuang TP, Borenäs M, Lind DE, Hallberg B, Palmer RH. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase signaling stabilizes SLC3A2 expression via MARCH11 to promote neuroblastoma cell growth. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:910-923. [PMID: 38858548 PMCID: PMC11239919 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solute Carrier Family 3, Member 2 (SLC3A2 or 4F2hc) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that mediates integrin-dependent signaling, acts as a trafficking chaperone for amino acid transporters, and is involved in polyamine transportation. We identified SLC3A2 as a potential Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) interacting partner in a BioID-proximity labeling screen in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. In this work we show that endogenous SLC3A2 and ALK interact in NB cells and that this SLC3A2:ALK interaction was abrogated upon treatment with the ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. We show here that loss of ALK activity leads to decreased SLC3A2 expression and reduced SLC3A2 protein stability in a panel of NB cell lines, while stimulation of ALK with ALKAL2 ligand resulted in increased SLC3A2 protein levels. We further identified MARCH11, an E3 ligase, as a regulator of SLC3A2 ubiquitination downstream of ALK. Further, knockdown of SLC3A2 resulted in inhibition of NB cell growth. To investigate the therapeutic potential of SLC3A2 targeting, we performed monotreatment of NB cells with AMXT-1501 (a polyamine transport inhibitor), which showed only moderate effects in NB cells. In contrast, a combination lorlatinib/AMXT-1501 treatment resulted in synergistic inhibition of cell growth in ALK-driven NB cell lines. Taken together, our results identify a novel role for the ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), working in concert with the MARCH11 E3 ligase, in regulating SLC3A2 protein stability and function in NB cells. The synergistic effect of combined ALK and polyamine transport inhibition shows that ALK/MARCH11/SLC3A2 regulation of amino acid transport is important for oncogenic growth and survival in NB cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Lai
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tzu-Po Chuang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Borenäs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan E Lind
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gupta SJ, Churchward MA, Todd KG, Winship IR. Pleiotrophin Signals Through ALK Receptor to Enhance the Growth of Neurons in the Presence of Inhibitory Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231186993. [PMID: 37465214 PMCID: PMC10350765 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231186993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), one of the major extracellular matrix components of the glial scar that surrounds central nervous system (CNS) injuries, are known to inhibit the regeneration of neurons. This study investigated whether pleiotrophin (PTN), a growth factor upregulated during early CNS development, can overcome the inhibition mediated by CSPGs and promote the neurite outgrowth of neurons in vitro. The data showed that a CSPG matrix inhibited the outgrowth of neurites in primary cortical neuron cultures compared to a control matrix. PTN elicited a dose-dependent increase in the neurite outgrowth even in the presence of the growth inhibitory CSPG matrix, with optimal growth at 15 ng mL-1 of PTN (114.8% of neuronal outgrowth relative to laminin control). The growth-promoting effect of PTN was blocked by inhibition of the receptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) by alectinib in a dose-dependent manner. Neurite outgrowth in the presence of this CSPG matrix was induced by activation of the protein kinase B (AKT) pathway, a key downstream mediator of ALK activation. This study identified PTN as a dose-dependent regulator of neurite outgrowth in primary cortical neurons cultured in the presence of a CSPG matrix and identified ALK activation as a key driver of PTN-induced growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somnath J Gupta
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew A Churchward
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Concordia University of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn G Todd
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Neurochemical Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bai F, Du Q, Zou Q, Xu L, Dong W, Lv X, Han X, Zhou H, Zhang C, Lu T. The association of blood ctDNA levels to mutations of marker genes in colorectal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1782. [PMID: 36746394 PMCID: PMC10075297 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly and commonly diagnosed cancer. Cell-free circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNA) have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC, but there are open questions about the relationship between ctDNAs and CRC. Although mutations of genes detected by ctDNA in CRC have been studied, the quantitative relationship between ctDNA mutations and ctDNA concentration has not been addressed. AIMS We hypothesized that there was an association between mutations of genes identified in ctDNAs and ctDNA concentration. His study examined this association in a population of CRC patients. METHODS In 85 CRC patients, we sampled 282 mutations in 36 genes and conducted an association study based on a Random forest model between mutations and ctDNA concentrations in all patients. RESULTS This association study showed that mutations on five genes, ALK, PMS2, KDR, MAP2K1, and MSH2, were associated with the ctDNA concentrations in CRC patients' blood samples. Because ctDNA mutations correlate with ctDNA level, we can infer the tumor burden or tumor size from ctDNA mutations, as well as the survival time for prognosis. CONCLUSION Our findings shed light on the associations between mutations of genes identified in ctDNAs and ctDNA concentration in the blood of CRC patients. This discovery provides information regarding the tumor burden or tumor size based on ctDNA mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Bai
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Du
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Lin Xu
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Department of oncology, Chengdu Ping-An Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinlin Lv
- Chengdu Women and Children's Center Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Han
- Chengdu Women and Children's Center Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tao Lu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Defaye M, Iftinca MC, Gadotti VM, Basso L, Abdullah NS, Cumenal M, Agosti F, Hassan A, Flynn R, Martin J, Soubeyre V, Poulen G, Lonjon N, Vachiery-Lahaye F, Bauchet L, Mery PF, Bourinet E, Zamponi GW, Altier C. The neuronal tyrosine kinase receptor ligand ALKAL2 mediates persistent pain. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154317. [PMID: 35608912 PMCID: PMC9197515 DOI: 10.1172/jci154317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase known for its oncogenic potential that is involved in the development of the peripheral and central nervous system. ALK receptor ligands ALKAL1 and ALKAL2 were recently found to promote neuronal differentiation and survival. Here, we show that inflammation or injury enhanced ALKAL2 expression in a subset of TRPV1+ sensory neurons. Notably, ALKAL2 was particularly enriched in both mouse and human peptidergic nociceptors, yet weakly expressed in nonpeptidergic, large-diameter myelinated neurons or in the brain. Using a coculture expression system, we found that nociceptors exposed to ALKAL2 exhibited heightened excitability and neurite outgrowth. Intraplantar CFA or intrathecal infusion of recombinant ALKAL2 led to ALK phosphorylation in the lumbar dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Finally, depletion of ALKAL2 in dorsal root ganglia or blocking ALK with clinically available compounds crizotinib or lorlatinib reversed thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia induced by inflammation or nerve injury, respectively. Overall, our work uncovers the ALKAL2/ALK signaling axis as a central regulator of nociceptor-induced sensitization. We propose that clinically approved ALK inhibitors used for non–small cell lung cancer and neuroblastomas could be repurposed to treat persistent pain conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Defaye
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mircea C Iftinca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Vinicius M Gadotti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lilian Basso
- INSERM, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nasser S Abdullah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Melissa Cumenal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Francina Agosti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Robyn Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | | | - Gaëtan Poulen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lonjon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Luc Bauchet
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Christophe Altier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garland GD, Ducray SP, Jahangiri L, Pucci P, Amos Burke GA, Monahan J, Lai R, Merkel O, Schiefer AI, Kenner L, Bannister AJ, Turner SD. BRG1 and NPM-ALK Are Co-Regulated in Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma; BRG1 Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in ALCL. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:151. [PMID: 35008316 PMCID: PMC8750310 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a T-cell malignancy driven in many cases by the product of a chromosomal translocation, nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK). NPM-ALK activates a plethora of pathways that drive the hallmarks of cancer, largely signalling pathways normally associated with cytokine and/or T-cell receptor-induced signalling. However, NPM-ALK is also located in the nucleus and its functions in this cellular compartment for the most part remain to be determined. We show that ALCL cell lines and primary patient tumours express the transcriptional activator BRG1 in a NPM-ALK-dependent manner. NPM-ALK regulates expression of BRG1 by post-translational mechanisms dependent on its kinase activity, protecting it from proteasomal degradation. Furthermore, we show that BRG1 drives a transcriptional programme associated with cell cycle progression. In turn, inhibition of BRG1 expression with specific shRNA decreases cell viability, suggesting that it may represent a key therapeutic target for the treatment of ALCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D. Garland
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (G.D.G.); (S.P.D.); (L.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Stephen P. Ducray
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (G.D.G.); (S.P.D.); (L.J.); (P.P.)
| | - Leila Jahangiri
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (G.D.G.); (S.P.D.); (L.J.); (P.P.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham B15 3TN, UK
| | - Perla Pucci
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (G.D.G.); (S.P.D.); (L.J.); (P.P.)
| | - G. A. Amos Burke
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge CB5 8PD, UK;
| | - Jack Monahan
- The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK;
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (A.-I.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Ana-Iris Schiefer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (A.-I.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (O.M.); (A.-I.S.); (L.K.)
- Unit of Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- CBMed, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory of Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Suzanne D. Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (G.D.G.); (S.P.D.); (L.J.); (P.P.)
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Tyrosine Phosphatase hPTPRβ Controls the Early Signals and Dopaminergic Cells Viability via the P2X 7 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312936. [PMID: 34884741 PMCID: PMC8657974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP, one of the signaling molecules most commonly secreted in the nervous system and capable of stimulating multiple pathways, binds to the ionotropic purinergic receptors, in particular, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and stimulates neuronal cell death. Given this effect of purinergic receptors on the viability of dopaminergic neurons model cells and that Ras GTPases control Erk1/2-regulated mitogen-activated cell proliferation and survival, we have investigated the role of the small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, together with their regulatory and effector molecules as the potential molecular intermediates in the P2X7R-regulated cell death of SN4741 dopaminergic neurons model cells. Here, we demonstrate that the neuronal response to purinergic stimulation involves the Calmodulin/RasGRF1 activation of the small GTPase Ras and Erk1/2. We also demonstrate that tyrosine phosphatase PTPRβ and other tyrosine phosphatases regulate the small GTPase activation pathway and neuronal viability. Our work expands the knowledge on the intracellular responses of dopaminergic cells by identifying new participating molecules and signaling pathways. In this sense, the study of the molecular circuitry of these neurons is key to understanding the functional effects of ATP, as well as considering the importance of these cells in Parkinson’s Disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sapio MR, Kim JJ, Loydpierson AJ, Maric D, Goto T, Vazquez FA, Dougherty MK, Narasimhan R, Muhly WT, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ. The Persistent Pain Transcriptome: Identification of Cells and Molecules Activated by Hyperalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:1146-1179. [PMID: 33892151 PMCID: PMC9441406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During persistent pain, the dorsal spinal cord responds to painful inputs from the site of injury, but the molecular modulatory processes have not been comprehensively examined. Using transcriptomics and multiplex in situ hybridization, we identified the most highly regulated receptors and signaling molecules in rat dorsal spinal cord in peripheral inflammatory and post-surgical incisional pain models. We examined a time course of the response including acute (2 hours) and longer term (2 day) time points after peripheral injury representing the early onset and instantiation of hyperalgesic processes. From this analysis, we identify a key population of superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons marked by somatotopic upregulation of the opioid neuropeptide precursor prodynorphin, and 2 receptors: the neurokinin 1 receptor, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. These alterations occur specifically in the glutamatergic subpopulation of superficial dynorphinergic neurons. In addition to specific neuronal gene regulation, both models showed induction of broad transcriptional signatures for tissue remodeling, synaptic rearrangement, and immune signaling defined by complement and interferon induction. These signatures were predominantly induced ipsilateral to tissue injury, implying linkage to primary afferent drive. We present a comprehensive set of gene regulatory events across 2 models that can be targeted for the development of non-opioid analgesics. PERSPECTIVE: The deadly impact of the opioid crisis and the need to replace morphine and other opioids in clinical practice is well recognized. Embedded within this research is an overarching goal of obtaining foundational knowledge from transcriptomics to search for non-opioid analgesic targets. Developing such analgesics would address unmet clinical needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jenny J Kim
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amelia J Loydpierson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taichi Goto
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fernando A Vazquez
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary K Dougherty
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Radhika Narasimhan
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wallis T Muhly
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou Z, He G, Zhang X, Lv X, Zhang X, Liu A, Xia S, Xie H, Dang R, Han L, Qi J, Meng Y, Yu S, Xie W, Jia Z. NGPF2 triggers synaptic scaling up through ALK-LIMK-cofilin-mediated mechanisms. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109515. [PMID: 34407403 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic scaling is an extensively studied form of homeostatic plasticity critically involved in various brain functions. Although it is accepted that synaptic scaling is expressed through the postsynaptic accumulation of AMPA receptors (AMPARs), the induction mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we show that TTX treatment induces rapid but transient release of the neurite growth-promoting factor 2 (NGPF2), and this release is necessary and sufficient for TTX-induced scaling up. In addition, we show that inhibition of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-LIMK-cofilin signaling pathway blocks TTX- and NGPF2-induced synaptic scaling up. Furthermore, we show that TTX-induced release of NGPF2 is protein synthesis dependent and requires fragile X mental retardation protein 1 (FMRP1). These results indicate that activity blockade induces NGPF2 synthesis and release to trigger synaptic scaling up through LIMK-cofilin-dependent actin reorganization, spine enlargement, and stabilization of AMPARs at the synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Guiqin He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shuting Xia
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Rui Dang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lifang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junxia Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yanghong Meng
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
BioID-Screening Identifies PEAK1 and SHP2 as Components of the ALK Proximitome in Neuroblastoma Cells. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167158. [PMID: 34273398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is mutated in approximately 10% of pediatric neuroblastoma (NB). To shed light on ALK-driven signaling processes, we employed BioID-based in vivo proximity labeling to identify molecules that interact intracellularly with ALK. NB-derived SK-N-AS and SK-N-BE(2) cells expressing inducible ALK-BirA* fusion proteins were generated and stimulated with ALKAL ligands in the presence and absence of the ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lorlatinib. LC/MS-MS analysis identified multiple proteins, including PEAK1 and SHP2, which were validated as ALK interactors in NB cells. Further analysis of the ALK-SHP2 interaction confirmed that the ALK-SHP2 interaction as well as SHP2-Y542 phosphorylation was dependent on ALK activation. Use of the SHP2 inhibitors, SHP099 and RMC-4550, resulted in inhibition of cell growth in ALK-driven NB cells. In addition, we noted a strong synergistic effect of combined ALK and SHP2 inhibition that was specific to ALK-driven NB cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic option for ALK-driven NB.
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang H, Gont A, Kee L, Dries R, Pfeifer K, Sharma B, Debruyne DN, Harlow M, Sengupta S, Guan J, Yeung CM, Wang W, Hallberg B, Palmer RH, Irwin MS, George RE. Extracellular domain shedding of the ALK receptor mediates neuroblastoma cell migration. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109363. [PMID: 34260934 PMCID: PMC8328392 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although activating mutations of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) membrane receptor occur in ~10% of neuroblastoma (NB) tumors, the role of the wild-type (WT) receptor, which is aberrantly expressed in most non-mutated cases, is unclear. Both WT and mutant proteins undergo extracellular domain (ECD) cleavage. Here, we map the cleavage site to Asn654-Leu655 and demonstrate that cleavage inhibition of WT ALK significantly impedes NB cell migration with subsequent prolongation of survival in mouse models. Cleavage inhibition results in the downregulation of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene signature, with decreased nuclear localization and occupancy of β-catenin at EMT gene promoters. We further show that cleavage is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase 9, whose genetic and pharmacologic inactivation inhibits cleavage and decreases NB cell migration. Together, our results indicate a pivotal role for WT ALK ECD cleavage in NB pathogenesis, which may be harnessed for therapeutic benefit. Huang et al. show that extracellular domain (ECD) cleavage of the ALK cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor mediates neuroblastoma cell migration through induction of an EMT phenotype. ECD cleavage is caused by MMP-9 whose inhibition leads to decreased cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Gont
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lynn Kee
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruben Dries
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathrin Pfeifer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bandana Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David N Debruyne
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew Harlow
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Satyaki Sengupta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caleb M Yeung
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Meredith S Irwin
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Rani E George
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
SMARCB1 deletion in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors results in human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12893. [PMID: 34145313 PMCID: PMC8213802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT) is a rare pediatric central nervous system cancer often characterized by deletion or mutation of SMARCB1, a tumor suppressor gene. In this study, we found that SMARCB1 regulates Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HERV-K, subtype HML-2) expression. HML-2 is a repetitive element scattered throughout the human genome, encoding several intact viral proteins that have been associated with stem cell maintenance and tumorigenesis. We found HML-2 env expression in both the intracellular and extracellular compartments in all AT/RT cell lines (n = 4) and in 95% of AT/RT patient tissues (n = 37) evaluated. SMARCB1 knock-down in neural stem cells (NSCs) led to an upregulation of HML-2 transcription. We found that SMARCB1 binds adjacent to the HML-2 promoter, repressing its transcription via chromatin immunoprecipitation; restoration of SMARCB1 expression in AT/RT cell lines significantly downregulated HML-2 expression. Further, targeted downregulation of HML-2 transcription via CRISPR-dCas9 coupled with suppressor proteins led to cellular dispersion, decreased proliferation, and cell death in vitro. HML-2 knock-down with shRNA, siRNA, and CRISPR-dCas9 significantly decreased Ras expression as measured by qRT-PCR, suggesting that HML-2 modulates MAPK/ERK signaling in AT/RT cells. Overexpression of NRAS was sufficient to restore cellular proliferation, and MYC, a transcription factor downstream of NRAS, was bound to the HERV-K LTR significantly more in the absence of SMARCB1 expression in AT/RT cells. We show a mechanism by which these undifferentiated tumors remain pluripotent, and we demonstrate that their formation is aided by aberrant HML-2 activation, which is dependent on SMARCB1 and its interaction with MYC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Molecular Genetics in Neuroblastoma Prognosis. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8060456. [PMID: 34072462 PMCID: PMC8226597 DOI: 10.3390/children8060456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, much research has been carried out to identify the biological and genetic characteristics of the neuroblastoma (NB) tumor in order to precisely define the prognostic subgroups for improving treatment stratification. This review will describe the major genetic features and the recent scientific advances, focusing on their impact on diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic solutions in NB clinical management.
Collapse
|
15
|
Belair DG, Sudak K, Connelly K, Collins ND, Kopytek SJ, Kolaja KL. Investigation Into the Role of ERK in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Neuropathy. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:160-174. [PMID: 33749749 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and debilitating adverse event that can alter patient treatment options and halt candidate drug development. A case study is presented here describing the preclinical and clinical development of CC-90003, a small molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitor investigated as an oncology therapy. In a Phase Ia clinical trial, CC-90003 elicited adverse drug-related neuropathy and neurotoxicity that contributed to discontinued development of CC-90003 for oncology therapy. Preclinical evaluation of CC-90003 in dogs revealed clinical signs and electrophysiological changes consistent with peripheral neuropathy that was reversible. Mice did not exhibit signs of neuropathy upon daily dosing with CC-90003, supporting that rodents generally poorly predict CIPN. We sought to investigate the mechanism of CC-90003-induced peripheral neuropathy using a phenotypic in vitro assay. Translating preclinical neuropathy findings to humans proves challenging as no robust in vitro models of CIPN exist. An approach was taken to examine the influence of CIPN-associated drugs on human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived peripheral neuron (hiPSC-PN) electrophysiology on multielectrode arrays (MEAs). The MEA assay with hiPSC-PNs was sensitive to CIPN-associated drugs cisplatin, sunitinib, colchicine, and importantly, to CC-90003 in concordance with clinical neuropathy incidence. Biochemical data together with in vitro MEA data for CC-90003 and 12 of its structural analogs, all having similar ERK inhibitory activity, revealed that CC-90003 disrupted in vitro neuronal electrophysiology likely via on-target ERK inhibition combined with off-target kinase inhibition and translocator protein inhibition. This approach could prove useful for assessing CIPN risk and interrogating mechanisms of drug-induced neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- Nonclinical Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene), Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
| | - Katelyn Sudak
- Nonclinical Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene), Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
| | - Kimberly Connelly
- Nonclinical Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene), Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Collins
- Nonclinical Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene), Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
| | - Stephan J Kopytek
- Nonclinical Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene), Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
| | - Kyle L Kolaja
- Nonclinical Safety, Bristol Myers Squibb (formerly Celgene), Summit, New Jersey 07901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Liu X, Toyo-Oka K. High-throughput kinase inhibitor screening reveals roles for Aurora and Nuak kinases in neurite initiation and dendritic branching. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8156. [PMID: 33854138 PMCID: PMC8047044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87521-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinases are essential regulators of a variety of cellular signaling processes, including neurite formation—a foundational step in neurodevelopment. Aberrant axonal sprouting and failed regeneration of injured axons are associated with conditions like traumatic injury, neurodegenerative disease, and seizures. Investigating the mechanisms underlying neurite formation will allow for identification of potential therapeutics. We used a kinase inhibitor library to screen 493 kinase inhibitors and observed that 45% impacted neuritogenesis in Neuro2a (N-2a) cells. Based on the screening, we further investigated the roles of Aurora kinases A, B, and C and Nuak kinases 1 and 2. The roles of Aurora and Nuak kinases have not been thoroughly studied in the nervous system. Inhibition or overexpression of Aurora and Nuak kinases in primary cortical neurons resulted in various neuromorphological defects, with Aurora A regulating neurite initiation, Aurora B and C regulating neurite initiation and elongation, all Aurora kinases regulating arborization, and all Nuak kinases regulating neurite initiation and elongation and arborization. Our high-throughput screening and analysis of Aurora and Nuak kinases revealed their functions and may contribute to the identification of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Proteomic investigation of Cbl and Cbl-b in neuroblastoma cell differentiation highlights roles for SHP-2 and CDK16. iScience 2021; 24:102321. [PMID: 33889818 PMCID: PMC8050387 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a highly heterogeneous embryonal solid tumor of the sympathetic nervous system. As some tumors can be treated to undergo differentiation, investigating this process can guide differentiation-based therapies of neuroblastoma. Here, we studied the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases Cbl and Cbl-b in regulation of long-term signaling responses associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth, a morphological marker of neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we analyzed how the neuroblastoma cell line proteome, phosphoproteome, and ubiquitylome were affected by Cbl and Cbl-b depletion. To quantitatively assess neurite outgrowth, we developed a high-throughput microscopy assay that was applied in combination with inhibitor studies to pinpoint signaling underlying neurite outgrowth and to functionally validate proteins identified in the MS data sets. Using this combined approach, we identified a role for SHP-2 and CDK16 in Cbl/Cbl-b-dependent regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth, highlighting their involvement in neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Multi-layered proteomics captures cellular changes induced by Cbl/Cbl-b depletion SHP-2 and CDK16 protein and phosphorylation levels increase upon Cbl/Cbl-b depletion SHP-2 and CDK16 regulate phospho-ERK and neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells Inhibition of SHP-2 or CDK16 reverts Cbl/Cbl-b knockdown effects on differentiation
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuravi S, Cheng J, Fangman G, Polireddy K, McCormick S, Lin TL, Singh AK, Abhyankar S, Ganguly S, Welch DR, Jensen RA, McGuirk JP, Balusu R. Preclinical Evaluation of Gilteritinib on NPM1-ALK-Driven Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:913-920. [PMID: 33514657 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. More than three-fourths of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive ALCL cases express the nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)-ALK fusion gene as a result of t(2;5) chromosomal translocation. The homodimerization of NPM1-ALK fusion protein mediates constitutive activation of the chimeric tyrosine kinase activity and downstream signaling pathways responsible for lymphoma cell proliferation and survival. Gilteritinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of FMS-like tyrosine kinase mutation-positive acute myeloid leukemia. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time gilteritinib-mediated growth inhibitory effects on NPM1-ALK-driven ALCL cells. We utilized a total of five ALCL model cell lines, including both human and murine. Gilteritinib treatment inhibits NPM1-ALK fusion kinase phosphorylation and downstream signaling, resulting in induced apoptosis. Gilteritinib-mediated apoptosis was associated with caspase 3/9, PARP cleavage, the increased expression of proapoptotic protein BAD, and decreased expression of antiapoptotic proteins, survivin and MCL-1. We also found downregulation of fusion kinase activity resulted in decreased c-Myc protein levels. Furthermore, cell-cycle analysis indicated gilteritinib induced G0-G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and reduced CD30 expression. In summary, our preclinical studies explored the novel therapeutic potential of gilteritinib in the treatment of ALCL cells expressing NPM1-ALK and potentially in other ALK or ALK fusion-driven hematologic or solid malignancies. IMPLICATIONS: Our preclinical results explore the use of gilteritinib for the treatment of NPM1-ALK-driven ALCL cells and pave a path for developing future clinical trials. VISUAL OVERVIEW: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/19/5/913/F1.large.jpg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakiranmayi Kuravi
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Janice Cheng
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Kishore Polireddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sophia McCormick
- Biospecimen Repository Core Facility, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Tara L Lin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sunil Abhyankar
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Danny R Welch
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Roy A Jensen
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Joseph P McGuirk
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aberrant role of ALK in tau proteinopathy through autophagosomal dysregulation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5542-5556. [PMID: 33452442 PMCID: PMC8758490 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Proteinopathy in neurodegenerative diseases is typically characterized by deteriorating activity of specific protein aggregates. In tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau protein abnormally accumulates and induces dysfunction of the affected neurons. Despite active identification of tau modifications responsible for tau aggregation, a critical modulator inducing tau proteinopathy by affecting its protein degradation flux is not known. Here, we report that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is crucial for the tau-mediated AD pathology. ALK caused abnormal accumulation of highly phosphorylated tau in the somatodendritic region of neurons through its tyrosine kinase activity. ALK-induced LC3-positive axon swelling and loss of spine density, leading to tau-dependent neuronal degeneration. Notably, ALK activation in neurons impaired Stx17-dependent autophagosome maturation and this defect was reversed by a dominant-negative Grb2. In a Drosophila melanogaster model, transgenic flies neuronally expressing active Drosophila Alk exhibited the aggravated tau rough eye phenotype with retinal degeneration and shortened lifespan. In contrast, expression of kinase-dead Alk blocked these phenotypes. Consistent with the previous RNAseq analysis showing upregulation of ALK expression in AD [1], ALK levels were significantly elevated in the brains of AD patients showing autophagosomal defects. Injection of an ALK.Fc-lentivirus exacerbated memory impairment in 3xTg-AD mice. Conversely, pharmacologic inhibition of ALK activity with inhibitors reversed the memory impairment and tau accumulation in both 3xTg-AD and tauC3 (caspase-cleaved tau) transgenic mice. Together, we propose that aberrantly activated ALK is a bona fide mediator of tau proteinopathy that disrupts autophagosome maturation and causes tau accumulation and aggregation, leading to neuronal dysfunction in AD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu D, Zhuang Y, Zhang L, Gao H, Neavin D, Carrillo-Roa T, Wang Y, Yu J, Qin S, Kim DC, Liu E, Nguyen TTL, Biernacka JM, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Dunlop BW, Craighead WE, Mayberg HS, Binder EB, Frye MA, Wang L, Weinshilboum RM. ERICH3: vesicular association and antidepressant treatment response. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2415-2428. [PMID: 33230203 PMCID: PMC8141066 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are standard of care for major depressive disorder (MDD) pharmacotherapy, but only approximately half of these patients remit on SSRI therapy. Our previous genome-wide association study identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signal across the glutamate-rich 3 (ERICH3) gene that was nearly genome-wide significantly associated with plasma serotonin (5-HT) concentrations, which were themselves associated with SSRI response for MDD patients enrolled in the Mayo Clinic PGRN-AMPS SSRI trial. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis which demonstrated that those SNPs were significantly associated with SSRI treatment outcomes in four independent MDD trials. However, the function of ERICH3 and molecular mechanism(s) by which it might be associated with plasma 5-HT concentrations and SSRI clinical response remained unclear. Therefore, we characterized the human ERICH3 gene functionally and identified ERICH3 mRNA transcripts and protein isoforms that are highly expressed in central nervous system cells. Coimmunoprecipitation identified a series of ERICH3 interacting proteins including clathrin heavy chain which are known to play a role in vesicular function. Immunofluorescence showed ERICH3 colocalization with 5-HT in vesicle-like structures, and ERICH3 knock-out dramatically decreased 5-HT staining in SK-N-SH cells as well as 5-HT concentrations in the culture media and cell lysates without changing the expression of 5-HT synthesizing or metabolizing enzymes. Finally, immunofluorescence also showed ERICH3 colocalization with dopamine in human iPSC-derived neurons. These results suggest that ERICH3 may play a significant role in vesicular function in serotonergic and other neuronal cell types, which might help explain its association with antidepressant treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duan Liu
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Yongxian Zhuang
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,Present Address: Rubedo Life Sciences, Sunnyvale, CA USA
| | - Lingxin Zhang
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Huanyao Gao
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Drew Neavin
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.415306.50000 0000 9983 6924Present Address: Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Tania Carrillo-Roa
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Yani Wang
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.412262.10000 0004 1761 5538Xi’an No.1 Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi China ,Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases, Xi’an, Shaanxi China
| | - Jia Yu
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Sisi Qin
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Daniel C. Kim
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Erica Liu
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Thanh Thanh Le Nguyen
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Boadie W. Dunlop
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - W. Edward Craighead
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Helen S. Mayberg
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Richard M. Weinshilboum
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Making NSCLC Crystal Clear: How Kinase Structures Revolutionized Lung Cancer Treatment. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The parallel advances of different scientific fields provide a contemporary scenario where collaboration is not a differential, but actually a requirement. In this context, crystallography has had a major contribution on the medical sciences, providing a “face” for targets of diseases that previously were known solely by name or sequence. Worldwide, cancer still leads the number of annual deaths, with 9.6 million associated deaths, with a major contribution from lung cancer and its 1.7 million deaths. Since the relationship between cancer and kinases was unraveled, these proteins have been extensively explored and became associated with drugs that later attained blockbuster status. Crystallographic structures of kinases related to lung cancer and their developed and marketed drugs provided insight on their conformation in the absence or presence of small molecules. Notwithstanding, these structures were also of service once the initially highly successful drugs started to lose their effectiveness in the emergence of mutations. This review focuses on a subclassification of lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and major oncogenic driver mutations in kinases, and how crystallographic structures can be used, not only to provide awareness of the function and inhibition of these mutations, but also how these structures can be used in further computational studies aiming at addressing these novel mutations in the field of personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zito Marino F, Botti G, Aquino G, Ferrero S, Gaudioso G, Palleschi A, Rocco D, Salvi R, Micheli MC, Micheli P, Morabito A, Rocco G, Giordano A, De Cecio R, Franco R. Unproductive Effects of ALK Gene Amplification and Copy Number Gain in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. ALK Gene Amplification and Copy Gain in NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4927. [PMID: 32664698 PMCID: PMC7404032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene is known to be affected by several genetic alterations, such as rearrangement, amplification and point mutation. The main goal of this study was to comprehensively analyze ALK amplification (ALK-A) and ALK gene copy number gain (ALK-CNG) in a large cohort of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in order to evaluate the effects on mRNA and protein expression. Methods: ALK locus number status was evaluated in 578 NSCLC cases by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, ALK immunohistochemistry and ALK mRNA in situ hybridization were performed. Results: Out of 578 cases, 17 cases showed ALK-A. In addition, 14 cases presented ALK-CNG and 72 cases presented chromosome 2 polyploidy. None of those carrying ALK-A and -CNG showed either ALK immunohistochemical expression or ALK mRNA expression through in situ hybridization. We observed a high frequency of extra copies of the ALK gene. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that ALK-A is not involved in mRNA production and consequently is not involved in protein production; these findings support the hypothesis that ALK-A might not play a role in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, underlining the absence of a specific clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zito Marino
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Gabriella Aquino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (G.G.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaudioso
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (S.F.); (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Palleschi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Danilo Rocco
- Department of Pulmonary Oncology, AORN Dei Colli Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Rosario Salvi
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, AORN Dei Colli Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | | | - Pietro Micheli
- Pathology Unit, AORN Dei Colli Monaldi, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Sbarro Health Research Organization, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Rossella De Cecio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS “Fondazione Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.B.); (G.A.); (R.D.C.)
| | - Renato Franco
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
ALK Inhibitors-Induced M Phase Delay Contributes to the Suppression of Cell Proliferation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041054. [PMID: 32344689 PMCID: PMC7226408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor-type tyrosine kinase, is involved in the pathogenesis of several cancers. ALK has been targeted with small molecule inhibitors for the treatment of different cancers, but absolute success remains elusive. In the present study, the effects of ALK inhibitors on M phase progression were evaluated. Crizotinib, ceritinib, and TAE684 suppressed proliferation of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner. At approximate IC50 concentrations, these inhibitors caused misorientation of spindles, misalignment of chromosomes and reduction in autophosphorylation. Similarly, knockdown of ALK caused M phase delay, which was rescued by re-expression of ALK. Time-lapse imaging revealed that anaphase onset was delayed. The monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) inhibitor, AZ3146, and MAD2 knockdown led to a release from inhibitor-induced M phase delay, suggesting that spindle assembly checkpoint may be activated in ALK-inhibited cells. H2228 human lung carcinoma cells that express EML4-ALK fusion showed M phase delay in the presence of TAE684 at about IC50 concentrations. These results suggest that ALK plays a role in M phase regulation and ALK inhibition may contribute to the suppression of cell proliferation in ALK-expressing cancer cells.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu YM, Kuo CN, Liou JP. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors: an updated patent review (2014-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:351-373. [PMID: 32125908 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1738389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a receptor tyrosine kinase, has been discovered in several cancers, including anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. The deregulation of ALK activities, such as translocation and point mutation, results in human carcinogenesis. The use of ALK inhibitors in clinical cancer treatment has been shown to be efficacious, and the issue of resistance to ALK inhibitors has been reported. Consequently, the development of a new generation of ALK inhibitors is necessary.Areas covered: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the patent literature from 2014 to 2018 including small molecule ALK inhibitors and their use as anticancer agents. The approved and developing ALK inhibitors are described.Expert commentary: The available three generations of ALK inhibitors have shown a good anticancer effect in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. An urgent issue in this field is ALK resistance development. The development of new ALK inhibitors through structure modification of currently available ALK inhibitors is proceeding, such as the synthesis of macrocyclic compounds. This article arranges the ALK inhibitors that have published in the patent in recent years. It may help in the investigation of a new generation of ALK inhibitors, which can overcome the resistance issue and development of novel drug candidates in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Liu
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chun-Nan Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- TMU Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kondoh C, Horio Y, Hayashi Y, Ebi H, Hida T, Hasegawa Y, Yatabe Y. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression in small‐cell lung cancer. Histopathology 2019; 75:20-28. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kondoh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics Aichi Cancer Centre Nagoya Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Horio
- Department of Thoracic Oncology Aichi Cancer Centre Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuko Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics Aichi Cancer Centre Research Institute Aichi Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ebi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics Aichi Cancer Centre Research Institute Aichi Japan
- Precision Medicine Centre Aichi Cancer Centre Aichi Japan
- Division of Advanced Cancer Therapeutics Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Toyoaki Hida
- Department of Thoracic Oncology Aichi Cancer Centre Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics Aichi Cancer Centre Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vivancos Stalin L, Gualandi M, Schulte JH, Renella R, Shakhova O, Mühlethaler-Mottet A. Expression of the Neuroblastoma-Associated ALK-F1174L Activating Mutation During Embryogenesis Impairs the Differentiation of Neural Crest Progenitors in Sympathetic Ganglia. Front Oncol 2019; 9:275. [PMID: 31058082 PMCID: PMC6477091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal malignancy derived from the abnormal differentiation of the sympathetic nervous system. The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) gene is frequently altered in NB, through copy number alterations and activating mutations, and represents a predisposition in NB-genesis when mutated. Our previously published data suggested that ALK activating mutations may impair the differentiation potential of neural crest (NC) progenitor cells. Here, we demonstrated that the expression of the endogenous ALK gene starts at E10.5 in the developing sympathetic ganglia (SG). To decipher the impact of deregulated ALK signaling during embryogenesis on the formation and differentiation of sympathetic neuroblasts, Sox10-Cre;LSL-ALK-F1174L embryos were produced to restrict the expression of the human ALK-F1174L transgene to migrating NC cells (NCCs). First, ALK-F1174L mediated an embryonic lethality at mid-gestation and an enlargement of SG with a disorganized architecture in Sox10-Cre;LSL-ALK-F1174L embryos at E10.5 and E11.5. Second, early sympathetic differentiation was severely impaired in Sox10-Cre;LSL-ALK-F1174L embryos. Indeed, their SG displayed a marked increase in the proportion of NCCs and a decrease of sympathetic neuroblasts at both embryonic stages. Third, neuronal and noradrenergic differentiations were blocked in Sox10-Cre;LSL-ALK-F1174L SG, as a reduced proportion of Phox2b+ sympathoblasts expressed βIII-tubulin and almost none were Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) positive. Finally, at E10.5, ALK-F1174L mediated an important increase in the proliferation of Phox2b+ progenitors, affecting the transient cell cycle exit observed in normal SG at this embryonic stage. Altogether, we report for the first time that the expression of the human ALK-F1174L mutation in NCCs during embryonic development profoundly disturbs early sympathetic progenitor differentiation, in addition to increasing their proliferation, both mechanisms being potential crucial events in NB oncogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vivancos Stalin
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, DFME, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gualandi
- Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Hubertus Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and SCT, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raffaele Renella
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, DFME, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olga Shakhova
- Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annick Mühlethaler-Mottet
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Research Laboratory, DFME, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV-UNIL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Targeting ALK in Cancer: Therapeutic Potential of Proapoptotic Peptides. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030275. [PMID: 30813562 PMCID: PMC6468335 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase, associated with many tumor types as diverse as anaplastic large cell lymphomas, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, breast and renal cell carcinomas, non-small cell lung cancer, neuroblastomas, and more. This makes ALK an attractive target for cancer therapy. Since ALK–driven tumors are dependent for their proliferation on the constitutively activated ALK kinase, a number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed to block tumor growth. While some inhibitors are under investigation in clinical trials, others are now approved for treatment, notably in ALK-positive lung cancer. Their efficacy is remarkable, however limited in time, as the tumors escape and become resistant to the treatment through different mechanisms. Hence, there is a pressing need to target ALK-dependent tumors by other therapeutic strategies, and possibly use them in combination with kinase inhibitors. In this review we will focus on the therapeutic potential of proapoptotic ALK-derived peptides based on the dependence receptor properties of ALK. We will also try to make a non-exhaustive list of several alternative treatments targeting ALK-dependent and independent signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
28
|
Van den Eynden J, Umapathy G, Ashouri A, Cervantes-Madrid D, Szydzik J, Ruuth K, Koster J, Larsson E, Guan J, Palmer RH, Hallberg B. Phosphoproteome and gene expression profiling of ALK inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines reveals conserved oncogenic pathways. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/557/eaar5680. [PMID: 30459281 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aar5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is a clinical target of major interest in cancer. Mutations and rearrangements in ALK trigger the activation of the encoded receptor and its downstream signaling pathways. ALK mutations have been identified in both familial and sporadic neuroblastoma cases as well as in 30 to 40% of relapses, which makes ALK a bona fide target in neuroblastoma therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target ALK are currently in clinical use for the treatment of patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, monotherapy with the ALK inhibitor crizotinib has been less encouraging in neuroblastoma patients with ALK alterations, raising the question of whether combinatorial therapy would be more effective. In this study, we established both phosphoproteomic and gene expression profiles of ALK activity in neuroblastoma cells exposed to first- and third-generation ALK TKIs, to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify relevant biomarkers, signaling networks, and new therapeutic targets. This analysis has unveiled various important leads for novel combinatorial treatment strategies for patients with neuroblastoma and an increased understanding of ALK signaling involved in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Human Structure and Repair, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Arghavan Ashouri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Joanna Szydzik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Institution for Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.,Children's Hospital affiliated with Zhengzhou University, 450018 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vieceli FM, Bronner ME. Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase interacts with secreted midkine to promote survival of migrating neural crest cells. Development 2018; 145:dev.164046. [PMID: 30228102 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells migrate long distances throughout the embryo and rely on extracellular signals that attract, repel and/or stimulate survival to ensure proper contribution to target derivatives. Here, we show that leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase (LTK), an ALK-type receptor tyrosine kinase, is expressed by neural crest cells during early migratory stages in chicken embryos. Loss of LTK in the cranial neural crest impairs migration and results in increased levels of apoptosis. Conversely, midkine, previously proposed as a ligand for ALK, is secreted by the non-neural ectoderm during early neural crest migratory stages and internalized by neural crest cells in vivo Similar to loss of LTK, loss of midkine reduces survival of the migratory neural crest. Moreover, we show by proximity ligation and co-immunoprecipitation assays that midkine binds to LTK. Taken together, these results suggest that LTK in neural crest cells interacts with midkine emanating from the non-neural ectoderm to promote cell survival, revealing a new signaling pathway that is essential for neural crest development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Monteleone Vieceli
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guan J, Fransson S, Siaw JT, Treis D, Van den Eynden J, Chand D, Umapathy G, Ruuth K, Svenberg P, Wessman S, Shamikh A, Jacobsson H, Gordon L, Stenman J, Svensson PJ, Hansson M, Larsson E, Martinsson T, Palmer RH, Kogner P, Hallberg B. Clinical response of the novel activating ALK-I1171T mutation in neuroblastoma to the ALK inhibitor ceritinib. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002550. [PMID: 29907598 PMCID: PMC6071567 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion rearrangements, including non-small-cell lung cancer and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, are highly sensitive to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), underscoring the notion that such cancers are addicted to ALK activity. Although mutations in ALK are heavily implicated in childhood neuroblastoma, response to the ALK TKI crizotinib has been disappointing. Embryonal tumors in patients with DNA repair defects such as Fanconi anemia (FA) often have a poor prognosis, because of lack of therapeutic options. Here we report a child with underlying FA and ALK mutant high-risk neuroblastoma responding strongly to precision therapy with the ALK TKI ceritinib. Conventional chemotherapy treatment caused severe, life-threatening toxicity. Genomic analysis of the initial biopsy identified germline FANCA mutations as well as a novel ALK-I1171T variant. ALK-I1171T generates a potent gain-of-function mutant, as measured in PC12 cell neurite outgrowth and NIH3T3 transformation. Pharmacological inhibition profiling of ALK-I1171T in response to various ALK TKIs identified an 11-fold improved inhibition of ALK-I1171T with ceritinib when compared with crizotinib. Immunoaffinity-coupled LC-MS/MS phosphoproteomics analysis indicated a decrease in ALK signaling in response to ceritinib. Ceritinib was therefore selected for treatment in this child. Monotherapy with ceritinib was well tolerated and resulted in normalized catecholamine markers and tumor shrinkage. After 7.5 mo treatment, the residual primary tumor shrunk, was surgically removed, and exhibited hallmarks of differentiation together with reduced Ki67 levels. Clinical follow-up after 21 mo treatment revealed complete clinical remission including all metastatic sites. Therefore, ceritinib presents a viable therapeutic option for ALK-positive neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.,Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 450018 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Joachim Tetteh Siaw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Diana Treis
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Pediatric Oncology Program Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Van den Eynden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Damini Chand
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Petter Svenberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, and Pediatric Oncology Program Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Sandra Wessman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Alia Shamikh
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Hans Jacobsson
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Lena Gordon
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Jakob Stenman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Pär-Johan Svensson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hansson
- Department of Pediatrics and Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Tommy Martinsson
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu S, Liu X, Zhang X, Shi M, Wang H, Liu Y. Identification and biological evaluation of glycol diaryl ethers as novel anti-cancer agents through structure-based optimization of crizotinib. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1972-1980. [PMID: 30025202 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Crizotinib, a drug for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive and c-ros oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), was structurally optimized via a strategy of structure-based fragment replacing. Computational study showed it was beneficial for interaction of crizotinib and ALK to increase the distance between pyridyl ring and phenyl ring in crizotinib, and thus, a series of novel glycol diaryl ethers were synthesized. The in vitro anti-tumor activity of synthesized compounds was studied in NSCLC cell line H2228 and neurobalstoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Among the synthesized compounds, 9e exhibits stronger anti-cancer activity than crizotinib toward H2228 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.22 μM. Molecular docking indicated that a longer chain between pyridyl ring and phenyl ring enabled molecule to have new interaction with a neighboring small hydrophobic pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Meiyun Shi
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Hecheng Wang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bruton's tyrosine kinase potentiates ALK signaling and serves as a potential therapeutic target of neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:6180-6194. [PMID: 30013190 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) can cause sporadic and familial neuroblastoma. Using a proteomics approach, we identified Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a novel ALK interaction partner, and the physical interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. BTK is expressed in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumor tissues. Its high expression correlates with poor relapse-free survival probability of neuroblastoma patients. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that BTK potentiates ALK-mediated signaling in neuroblastoma, and increases ALK stability by reducing ALK ubiquitination. Both ALKWT and ALKF1174L can induce BTK phosphorylation and higher capacity of ALKF1174L is observed. Furthermore, the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib can effectively inhibit the growth of neuroblastoma xenograft in nude mice, and the combination of ibrutinib and the ALK inhibitor crizotinib further enhances the inhibition. Our study provides strong rationale for clinical trial of ALK-positive neuroblastoma using ibrutinib or the combination of ibrutinib and ALK inhibitors.
Collapse
|
33
|
ALK in Neuroblastoma: Biological and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040113. [PMID: 29642598 PMCID: PMC5923368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common and deadly solid tumour in children. Despite the development of new treatment options for high-risk NB, over half of patients relapse and five-year survival remains at 40-50%. Therefore, novel treatment strategies aimed at providing long-term disease remission are urgently sought. ALK, encoding the anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor, is altered by gain-of-function point mutations in around 14% of high-risk NB and represents an ideal therapeutic target given its low or absent expression in healthy tissue postnatally. Small-molecule inhibitors of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) approved in ALK fusion-positive lung cancer are currently undergoing clinical assessment in patients with ALK-mutant NB. Parallel pre-clinical studies are demonstrating the efficacy of ALK inhibitors against common ALK variants in NB; however, a complex picture of therapeutic resistance is emerging. It is anticipated that long-term use of these compounds will require combinatorial targeting of pathways downstream of ALK, functionally-related 'bypass' mechanisms and concomitant oncogenic pathways.
Collapse
|
34
|
Du X, Shao Y, Qin H, Tai Y, Gao H. ALK-rearrangement in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:423-430. [PMID: 29488330 PMCID: PMC5879058 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ALK gene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. ALK is physiologically expressed in the nervous system during embryogenesis, but its expression decreases postnatally. ALK first emerged in the field of oncology in 1994 when it was identified to fuse to NPM1 in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. Since then, ALK has been associated with other types of cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). More than 19 different ALK fusion partners have been discovered in NSCLC, including EML4, KIF5B, KLC1, and TPR. Most of these ALK fusions in NSCLC patients respond well to the ALK inhibitor, crizotinib. In this paper, we reviewed fusion partner genes with ALK, detection methods for ALK-rearrangement (ALK-R), and the ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib, used in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center of People's Liberation Army of ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yun Shao
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center of People's Liberation Army of ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hai‐Feng Qin
- Department of Lung Cancer, Cancer Center of People's Liberation Army of ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Hong Tai
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center of People's Liberation Army of ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Jun Gao
- Department of Lung Cancer, Cancer Center of People's Liberation Army of ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Golding B, Luu A, Jones R, Viloria-Petit AM. The function and therapeutic targeting of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mol Cancer 2018; 17:52. [PMID: 29455675 PMCID: PMC5817728 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer in North America. A decade ago, genomic rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) receptor tyrosine kinase were identified in a subset of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Soon after, crizotinib, a small molecule ATP-competitive ALK inhibitor was proven to be more effective than chemotherapy in ALK-positive NSCLC patients. Crizotinib and two other ATP-competitive ALK inhibitors, ceritinib and alectinib, are approved for use as a first-line therapy in these patients, where ALK rearrangement is currently diagnosed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The clinical success of these three ALK inhibitors has led to the development of next-generation ALK inhibitors with even greater potency and selectivity. However, patients inevitably develop resistance to ALK inhibitors leading to tumor relapse that commonly manifests in the form of brain metastasis. Several new approaches aim to overcome the various mechanisms of resistance that develop in ALK-positive NSCLC including the knowledge-based alternate and successive use of different ALK inhibitors, as well as combined therapies targeting ALK plus alternative signaling pathways. Key issues to resolve for the optimal implementation of established and emerging treatment modalities for ALK-rearranged NSCLC therapy include the high cost of the targeted inhibitors and the potential of exacerbated toxicities with combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Golding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anita Luu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Robert Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alicia M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Janoueix-Lerosey I, Lopez-Delisle L, Delattre O, Rohrer H. The ALK receptor in sympathetic neuron development and neuroblastoma. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:325-337. [PMID: 29374774 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ALK gene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor characterized by an expression pattern mainly restricted to the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. In 2008, the discovery of ALK activating mutations in neuroblastoma, a tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, represented a breakthrough in the understanding of the pathogenesis of this pediatric cancer and established mutated ALK as a tractable therapeutic target for precision medicine. Subsequent studies addressed the identity of ALK ligands, as well as its physiological function in the sympathoadrenal lineage, its role in neuroblastoma development and the signaling pathways triggered by mutated ALK. This review focuses on these different aspects of the ALK biology and summarizes the various therapeutic strategies relying on ALK inhibition in neuroblastoma, either as monotherapies or combinatory treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Janoueix-Lerosey
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France. .,SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.
| | - Lucille Lopez-Delisle
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Developmental Genomics, EPFL SV ISREC UPDUB, SV 2843, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delattre
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Inserm U830, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, F-75005, Paris, France.,SIREDO: Care, Innovation and Research for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer, Institut Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Hermann Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Luan Z, Zhang D. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene is associated with schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Psychiatry Res 2017; 258:612-613. [PMID: 28318609 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China. http://home.dmu.edu.cn/AIMS/
| | - Dai Zhang
- The Sixth Hospital and Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mah S, Park JH, Jung HY, Ahn K, Choi S, Tae HS, Jung KH, Rho JK, Lee JC, Hong SS, Hong S. Identification of 4-Phenoxyquinoline Based Inhibitors for L1196M Mutant of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase by Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9205-9221. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinmee Mah
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Park
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hoi-Yun Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kukcheol Ahn
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Soyeon Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun Seop Tae
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Rho
- Department
of Asan Institute for Life Sciences and Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department
of Asan Institute for Life Sciences and Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zaballos MA, Santisteban P. Key signaling pathways in thyroid cancer. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:R43-R61. [PMID: 28838947 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing approaches have provided unprecedented insights into the genetic lesions responsible for the onset, progression and dedifferentiation of various types of thyroid carcinomas. Through these efforts, the MAPK and PI3K signaling cascades have emerged as the main activation pathways implicated in thyroid tumorigenesis. The nature of these essential pathways is highly complex, with hundreds of components, multiple points of crosstalk, different subcellular localizations and with the ability to potentially regulate many cellular processes. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting key kinases of these pathways hold great promise as novel therapeutics and several have reached clinical trials. However, while some remarkable responses have been reported, the development of resistance remains a matter of concern and limits the benefit for patients. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the major components of the MAPK and PI3K pathways, including their mechanisms of activation in physiological and pathological contexts, their genetic alterations with respect to the different types of thyroid carcinomas and the more relevant drugs designed to block their activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zaballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols'Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols'Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase in Cutaneous Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090123. [PMID: 28895885 PMCID: PMC5615338 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neoplasms. As suggested by its name, ALK was first described as part of a translocation product in cases of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, with other genetic and cytogenetic ALK mutations subsequently coming to attention in the development of many other hematologic and solid organ malignancies. ALK has now been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of several cutaneous malignancies, including secondary cutaneous systemic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) and primary cutaneous ALCL, melanoma, spitzoid tumors, epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. The characterization of ALK-positivity in these cutaneous malignancies presents exciting opportunities for utilizing ALK-targeted inhibitors in the treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
|
41
|
Shackelford RE, Ansari JM, Wei EX, Alexander JS, Cotelingam J. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangements in non-small-cell lung cancer: novel applications in diagnostics and treatment. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:1179-1192. [PMID: 28745554 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ALK gene, first identified as an anaplastic large cell lymphoma driver mutation, is dysregulated in nearly 20 different human malignancies, including 3-7% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In NSCLC, ALK commonly fuses with the EML4, forming a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that drives oncogenic progression. Recently, several ALK-inhibiting drugs have been developed that are more effective than standard chemotherapeutic regimens in treating advanced ALK-positive NSCLC. For this reason, molecular diagnostic testing for dysregulated ALK expression is a necessary part of identifying optimal NSCLC treatment options. Here, we review the molecular pathology of ALK-positive NSCLC, ALK molecular diagnostic techniques, ALK-targeted NSCLC treatments, and drug resistance mechanisms to ALK-targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaid M Ansari
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Eric X Wei
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Alexander
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - James Cotelingam
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yao L, Liu Y, Qiu Z, Kumar S, Curran JE, Blangero J, Chen Y, Lehman DM. Molecular Profiling of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hypothalamic Neurones Provides Developmental Insights into Genetic Loci for Body Weight Regulation. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29:10.1111/jne.12455. [PMID: 28071834 PMCID: PMC5328859 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that common genetic risks for metabolic disorders such as obesity may be human-specific and exert effects via the central nervous system. To overcome the limitation of human tissue access for study, we have generated induced human pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neuronal cultures that recapture many features of hypothalamic neurones within the arcuate nucleus. In the present study, we have comprehensively characterised this model across development, benchmarked these neurones to in vivo events, and demonstrate a link between obesity risk variants and hypothalamic development. The dynamic transcriptome across neuronal maturation was examined using microarray and RNA sequencing methods at nine time points. K-means clustering of the longitudinal data was conducted to identify co-regulation and microRNA control of biological processes. The transcriptomes were compared with those of 103 samples from 13 brain regions reported in the Genotype-Tissue Expression database (GTEx) using principal components analysis. Genes with proximity to body mass index (BMI)-associated genetic variants were mapped to the developmentally expressed genesets, and enrichment significance was assessed with Fisher's exact test. The human neuronal cultures have a transcriptional and physiological profile of neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide arcuate nucleus neurones. The neuronal transcriptomes were highly correlated with adult hypothalamus compared to any other brain region from the GTEx. Also, approximately 25% of the transcripts showed substantial changes in expression across neuronal development and potential co-regulation of biological processes that mirror neuronal development in vivo. These developmentally expressed genes were significantly enriched for genes in proximity to BMI-associated variants. We confirmed the utility of this in vitro human model for studying the development of key hypothalamic neurones involved in energy balance and show that genes at loci associated with body weight regulation may share a pattern of developmental regulation. These data support the need to investigate early development to elucidate the human-specific central nervous system pathophysiology underlying obesity susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhifang Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute (STDOI), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute (STDOI), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute (STDOI), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Donna M. Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Latteyer S, Tiedje V, König K, Ting S, Heukamp LC, Meder L, Schmid KW, Führer D, Moeller LC. Targeted next-generation sequencing for TP53, RAS, BRAF, ALK and NF1 mutations in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2016; 54:733-741. [PMID: 27696251 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive thyroid cancer with a median survival of 4-6 months. Identification of mutations contributing to aberrant activation of signaling cascades in ATC may provide novel opportunities for targeted therapy. Thirty-nine ATC samples were studied by next-generation sequencing (NGS) with an established gene panel. High quality readout was obtained in 30/39 ATC. Twenty-eight ATC harbored a mutation in at least one of the studied genes: TP53 (18/30), NF1 (11/30), ALK (6/30), NRAS (4/30), ATRX (3/30), BRAF (2/30), HRAS (2/30), KRAS (1/30). In 17/30 ATC (54 %) mutations were found in two or more genes. Twenty-one of the identified variants are listed in COSMIC as somatic mutations reported in other cancer entities. In three ATC samples no mutations were detected and none of the ATCs was positive for BRAFV600E. The most frequent mutations were found in TP53 (60 %), followed by NF1 (37 %). ALK mutations were detected in 20 % of ATC and were more frequent than RAS or BRAF mutations. ATRX mutations were identified in 10 % of the ATC samples. These sequencing data from 30 ATC samples demonstrate the accumulation of genetic alterations in ATC because in 90 % of samples mutations were already found in the investigated nine genes alone. Mutations were found with high prevalence in established tumor suppressor and oncogenes in ATC, such as TP53 and H/K/NRAS, but also, although less frequent, in genes that may harbor the potential for targeted treatment in a subset of ATC patients, such as ALK and NF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soeren Latteyer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Vera Tiedje
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Katharina König
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50935, Germany
- Labor Dr. Quade und Kollegen GmbH, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Aachener Str. 338, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Lukas C Heukamp
- NEO New Oncology AG, Gottfried-Hagen-Str. 20, Cologne, 51105, Germany
- Institute of Hematopathology Hamburg, Fangdieckstraße 75a, Hamburg, 22547, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, Cologne, 50935, Germany
| | - Kurt Werner Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Lars Christian Moeller
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, Essen, 45122, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhao Z, Verma V, Zhang M. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: Role in cancer and therapy perspective. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:1691-701. [PMID: 26529396 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1095407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is correlated with oncogenesis in different types of cancers, such as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, lung cancer, neuroblastoma, and even breast cancer, by abnormal fusion of ALK or non-fusion ALK activation. ALK is a receptor tyrosine kinase, with a single transmembrane domain, that plays an important role in development. Upon ligand binding to the extracellular domain, the receptor undergoes dimerization and subsequent autophosphorylation of the intracellular kinase domain. In recent years, ALK inhibitors have been developed for cancer treatment. These inhibitors target ALK activity and show effectiveness in ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, acquired treatment resistance makes the future of this therapy unclear; new strategies are underway to overcome the limitations of current ALK inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhao
- a Munroe-Meyer Institute; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Vivek Verma
- b Department of Radiation Oncology ; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Mutian Zhang
- b Department of Radiation Oncology ; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha , NE , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The advent of precision medicine in non-small cell lung cancer has remarkably altered the direction of research and improved clinical outcomes. The identification of molecular subsets with differential response to targeted therapies began with the identification of epidermal growth factor receptor mutated tumors in subsets of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Emboldened by unprecedented response rates to kinase inhibitors seen in that subset, the oncologic community searched for other molecular subsets featuring oncogene addiction. An early result of this search was the discovery of NSCLC driven by activating rearrangements of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. In an astoundingly brief period following the recognition of ALK-positive NSCLC, details of the biology, clinicopathologic features, development of targeted inhibitors, mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, and new generations of treatment were elucidated. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathologic features, diagnostic approach, treatment options, resistance mechanisms, and future research areas for ALK-positive NSCLC.
Collapse
|
46
|
Satoh S, Takatori A, Ogura A, Kohashi K, Souzaki R, Kinoshita Y, Taguchi T, Hossain MS, Ohira M, Nakamura Y, Nakagawara A. Neuronal leucine-rich repeat 1 negatively regulates anaplastic lymphoma kinase in neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32682. [PMID: 27604320 PMCID: PMC5015029 DOI: 10.1038/srep32682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuroblastoma (NB), one of the most common paediatric solid tumours, activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is often associated with poor outcomes. Although genetic studies have identified copy number alteration and nonsynonymous mutations of ALK, the regulatory mechanism of ALK signalling at protein levels is largely elusive. Neuronal leucine-rich repeat 1 (NLRR1) is a type 1 transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in unfavourable NB and potentially influences receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Here, we showed that NLRR1 and ALK exhibited a mutually exclusive expression pattern in primary NB tissues by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, dorsal root ganglia of Nlrr1+/+ and Nlrr1−/− mice displayed the opposite expression patterns of Nlrr1 and Alk. Of interest, NLRR1 physically interacted with ALK in vitro through its extracellular region. Notably, the NLRR1 ectodomain impaired ALK phosphorylation and proliferation of ALK-mutated NB cells. A newly identified cleavage of the NLRR1 ectodomain also supported NLRR1-mediated ALK signal regulation in trans. Thus, we conclude that NLRR1 appears to be an extracellular negative regulator of ALK signalling in NB and neuronal development. Our findings may be beneficial to comprehend NB heterogeneity and to develop a novel therapy against unfavourable NB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Satoh
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takatori
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ogura
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryota Souzaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Md Shamim Hossain
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Miki Ohira
- Division of Cancer Genomics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry &Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawara
- Children's Cancer Research Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Division of Biochemistry &Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.,Saga Medical Centre KOSEIKAN, 400 Nakabaru, Kase-machi, Saga 840-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sami N, Kumar V, Islam A, Ali S, Ahmad F, Hassan I. Exploring Missense Mutations in Tyrosine Kinases Implicated with Neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5085-5106. [PMID: 27544236 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are one of the largest families of evolutionarily related proteins and the third most common protein class of human genome. All the protein kinases share the same structural organization. They are made up of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain and an intra cellular kinase domain. Missense mutations in these kinases have been studied extensively and correlated with various neurological disorders. Individual mutations in the kinase domain affect the functions of protein. The enhanced or reduced expression of protein leads to hyperactivation or inactivation of the signalling pathways, resulting in neurodegeneration. Here, we present extensive analyses of missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase focussing on the neurodegenerative diseases encompassing structure function relationship. This is envisaged to enhance our understanding about the neurodegeneration and possible therapeutic measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sami
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sher Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zito Marino F, Rocco G, Morabito A, Mignogna C, Intartaglia M, Liguori G, Botti G, Franco R. A new look at the ALK gene in cancer: copy number gain and amplification. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:493-502. [PMID: 26943457 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2016.1162098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To date, ALK-rearrangement is a molecular target in several cancers, i.e. NSCLC. The dramatic benefits of crizotinib have prompted research into identifying other possible patients carrying ALK gene alterations with possible clinical significance. The ALK gene is involved not only in several rearrangements but also in other alterations such as amplification. ALK-amplification (ALK-A) is a common genetic event in several cancers, generally associated with poor outcome and more aggressive behaviour. Here we review the role of ALK-A in cancer as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. Furthermore, several critical issues regarding ALK-A in relation to; methods of detection, acquired resistance and ALK second generation inhibitors are analyzed. We conclude that ALK-A could be an intriguing alteration in the context of targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zito Marino
- a Pathology Unit , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Gaetano Rocco
- b Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Thoracic Surgical and Medical Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandro Morabito
- c Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Thoracic Surgical and Medical Oncology , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- d Department of Heath Science, Pathology Unit , University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Martina Intartaglia
- a Pathology Unit , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Liguori
- a Pathology Unit , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- a Pathology Unit , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS , Naples , Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- a Pathology Unit , Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G. Pascale'-IRCCS , Naples , Italy.,e Pathology Unit , Second University of Naples - SUN , Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Reshetnyak AV, Murray PB, Shi X, Mo ES, Mohanty J, Tome F, Bai H, Gunel M, Lax I, Schlessinger J. Augmentor α and β (FAM150) are ligands of the receptor tyrosine kinases ALK and LTK: Hierarchy and specificity of ligand-receptor interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15862-7. [PMID: 26630010 PMCID: PMC4702955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520099112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of cell surface receptors that, upon ligand binding, stimulate a variety of critical cellular functions. The orphan receptor anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of very few RTKs that remain without a firmly established protein ligand. Here we present a novel cytokine, FAM150B, which we propose naming augmentor-α (AUG-α), as a ligand for ALK. AUG-α binds ALK with high affinity and activates ALK in cells with subnanomolar potency. Detailed binding experiments using cells expressing ALK or the related receptor leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) demonstrate that AUG-α binds and robustly activates both ALK and LTK. We show that the previously established LTK ligand FAM150A (AUG-β) is specific for LTK and only weakly binds to ALK. Furthermore, expression of AUG-α stimulates transformation of NIH/3T3 cells expressing ALK, induces IL-3 independent growth of Ba/F3 cells expressing ALK, and is expressed in neuroblastoma, a cancer partly driven by ALK. These experiments reveal the hierarchy and specificity of two cytokines as ligands for ALK and LTK and set the stage for elucidating their roles in development and disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip B Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Xiarong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Elizabeth S Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Francisco Tome
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Hanwen Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Irit Lax
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Guan J, Umapathy G, Yamazaki Y, Wolfstetter G, Mendoza P, Pfeifer K, Mohammed A, Hugosson F, Zhang H, Hsu AW, Halenbeck R, Hallberg B, Palmer RH. FAM150A and FAM150B are activating ligands for anaplastic lymphoma kinase. eLife 2015; 4:e09811. [PMID: 26418745 PMCID: PMC4658194 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has been described in a range of human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma (Hallberg and Palmer, 2013). Vertebrate ALK has been considered to be an orphan receptor and the identity of the ALK ligand(s) is a critical issue. Here we show that FAM150A and FAM150B are potent ligands for human ALK that bind to the extracellular domain of ALK and in addition to activation of wild-type ALK are able to drive 'superactivation' of activated ALK mutants from neuroblastoma. In conclusion, our data show that ALK is robustly activated by the FAM150A/B ligands and provide an opportunity to develop ALK-targeted therapies in situations where ALK is overexpressed/activated or mutated in the context of the full length receptor. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09811.001 Cells have receptor proteins on their surface that enable them to detect changes in their environment and communicate with other cells. Signal molecules bind to a segment of the receptor called the extracellular domain that faces out from the cell. This can result in the activation of another domain in the receptor that is just inside the cell, which, in turn, activates signaling pathways that relay the information around the cell. However, these communication systems are often disrupted in cancer cells. This helps the cells to override the strict growth controls imposed upon them by other (healthy) cells in the body. The gene that encodes a receptor protein called Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (or ALK for short) is often mutated in some types of human cancer so that the protein is always active. However, we still do not know what signal molecules bind to the ALK protein to activate it in normal cells. Guan, Umapathy et al. used a variety of cell biology and biochemical techniques to study the role of ALK. The experiments show that when either of two proteins called FAM150A and FAM150B are produced in rat nerve cells alongside ALK, the nerve cells rapidly respond and form outgrowths. Experiments using cancer cells derived from human nerve cells also yielded similar results. Guan, Umapathy et al. found that the extracellular domain of ALK can physically interact with FAM150A and FAM150B. The eyes of fruit flies that had been genetically modified to produce the human ALK protein alongside either FAM150A or FAM150B grew more than normal, giving the eyes an abnormal "rough" appearance. Further experiments showed that FAM150A and FAM150B are also able to increase the level of activation of an ALK mutant protein that is already active. Therefore, in future, the development of drugs that stop FAM150A and FAM150B from binding to ALK may be useful for treating cancers that are driven by high levels of ALK activity. Many challenging questions lie ahead to better understand how FAM150A and FAM150B interact with ALK. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09811.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikui Guan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Umapathy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yasuo Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Georg Wolfstetter
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Mendoza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Pfeifer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ateequrrahman Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Hugosson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Five Prime Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, United States
| | - Amy W Hsu
- Five Prime Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, United States
| | - Robert Halenbeck
- Five Prime Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, United States
| | - Bengt Hallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruth H Palmer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Instititute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|