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Payapilly A, Guilbert R, Descamps T, White G, Magee P, Zhou C, Kerr A, Simpson KL, Blackhall F, Dive C, Malliri A. TIAM1-RAC1 promote small-cell lung cancer cell survival through antagonizing Nur77-induced BCL2 conformational change. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109979. [PMID: 34758330 PMCID: PMC8595642 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy, has limited treatment options beyond platinum-based chemotherapy, whereafter acquired resistance is rapid and common. By analyzing expression data from SCLC tumors, patient-derived models, and established cell lines, we show that the expression of TIAM1, an activator of the small GTPase RAC1, is associated with a neuroendocrine gene program. TIAM1 depletion or RAC1 inhibition reduces viability and tumorigenicity of SCLC cells by increasing apoptosis associated with conversion of BCL2 from its pro-survival to pro-apoptotic function via BH3 domain exposure. This conversion is dependent upon cytoplasmic translocation of Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor. TIAM1 interacts with and sequesters Nur77 in SCLC cell nuclei and TIAM1 depletion or RAC1 inhibition promotes Nur77 translocation to the cytoplasm. Mutant TIAM1 with reduced Nur77 binding fails to suppress apoptosis triggered by TIAM1 depletion. In conclusion, TIAM1-RAC1 signaling promotes SCLC cell survival via Nur77 nuclear sequestration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/metabolism
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology
- T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1/genetics
- T-Lymphoma Invasion and Metastasis-inducing Protein 1/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Payapilly
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Ryan Guilbert
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Tine Descamps
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Gavin White
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Magee
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK
| | - Cong Zhou
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Kathryn L Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Fiona Blackhall
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK; Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4TG, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, Manchester, UK.
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Nazmeen A, Chen G, Ghosh TK, Maiti S. Breast cancer pathogenesis is linked to the intra-tumoral estrogen sulfotransferase (hSULT1E1) expressions regulated by cellular redox dependent Nrf-2/NF κβ interplay. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:70. [PMID: 32158360 PMCID: PMC7057506 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen sulfotransferase catalyzes conjugation of sulfuryl-group to estradiol/estrone and regulates E2 availability/activity via estrogen-receptor or non-receptor mediated pathways. Sulfoconjugated estrogen fails to bind estrogen-receptor (ER). High estrogen is a known carcinogen in postmenopausal women. Reports reveal a potential redox-regulation of hSULT1E1/E2-signalling. Further, oxidatively-regulated nuclear-receptor-factor 2 (Nrf2) and NFκβ in relation to hSULT1E1/E2 could be therapeutic-target via cellular redox-modification. METHODS Here, oxidative stress-regulated SULT1E1-expression was analyzed in human breast carcinoma-tissues and in rat xenografted with human breast-tumor. Tumor and its surrounding tissues were obtained from the district-hospital. Intracellular redox-environment of tumors was screened with some in vitro studies. RT-PCR and western blotting was done for SULT1E1 expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze SULT1E1/Nrf2/NFκβ localization. Tissue-histoarchitecture/DNA-stability (comet assay) studies were done. RESULTS Oxidative-stress induces SULT1E1 via Nrf2/NFκβ cooperatively in tumor-pathogenesis to maintain the required proliferative-state under enriched E2-environment. Higher malondialdehyde/non-protein-soluble-thiol with increased superoxide-dismutase/glutathione-peroxidase/catalase activities was noticed. SULT1E1 expression and E2-level were increased in tumor-tissue compared to their corresponding surrounding-tissues. CONCLUSIONS It may be concluded that tumors maintain a sustainable oxidative-stress through impaired antioxidants as compared to the surrounding. Liver-tissues from xenografted rat manifested similar E2/antioxidant dysregulations favoring pre-tumorogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarifa Nazmeen
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Therapeutics Lab, Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Midnapore, 721101 India
| | - Guangping Chen
- Venture I OSU Laboratory, Oklahoma Technology & Research Park, 1110 S. Innovation Way, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA
| | - Tamal Kanti Ghosh
- Special Secretary, Higher Medical Education, Health and Family Welfare Dept, Govt. of West Bengal, Salt Lake, Calcutta, India
| | - Smarajit Maiti
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Therapeutics Lab, Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Midnapore, 721101 India
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Cell & Molecular Therapeutics Lab, OIST, Midnapore, 721102 India
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3
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Efficient hydrolytic cleavage of DNA and antiproliferative effect on human cancer cells by two dinuclear Cu(II) complexes containing a carbohydrazone ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as a coligand. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:343-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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4
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Sun Q, Gatie MI, Kelly GM. Serum-dependent and -independent regulation of PARP2. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:600-611. [PMID: 30880404 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP2 belongs to a family of proteins involved in cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, cellular energy expenditure, and chromatin modeling. In addition to these overlapping functions with PARP1, PARP2 participates in spermatogenesis, T-cell maturation, extra-embryonic endoderm formation, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and cholesterol homeostasis. Knowledge of the functions of PARP2 is far from complete, and the mechanism(s) by which the gene and protein are regulated are unknown. In this study, we found that two different mechanisms are used in vitro to regulate PARP2 levels. In the presence of serum, PARP2 is degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway; however, when serum is removed or dialyzed with a 3.5 kDa molecular cut membrane, PARP2 rapidly becomes sodium dodecyl sulphate- and urea-insoluble. Despite the presence of a putative serum response element in the PARP2 gene, transcription is not affected by serum deprivation, and PARP2 levels are restored when serum is replaced. The loss of PARP2 affects cell differentiation and gene expression linked to cholesterol and lipid metabolism. These observations highlight the critical roles that PARP2 plays under different physiological conditions, and reveal that PARP2 is tightly regulated by distinct pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Sun
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Mohamed I Gatie
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gregory M Kelly
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.,Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Paediatrics, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.,Child Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6C 2B5, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Regenerative Medicine, MaRS Centre, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
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5
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Zhu G, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Che S, Yang Y, Chen L, Lin Z. The prognostic value of Tiam1 correlates with its roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition progression and angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1741-1752. [PMID: 30863182 PMCID: PMC6388966 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s195093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tiam1 has been identified as an oncogene and acts as an activator of GTPase Rac. Tiam1 was reported to be a promoter of cancer progression in various cancer types, while in lung adenocarcinoma, its mechanism of action is poorly understood. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blot assay were used to determine Tiam1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, and its association with prognosis was determined by statistical analysis. We depleted Tiam1 in both A549 and H1975 cancer cell lines. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining and colony formation assays were used to evaluate its impact on cell proliferation ability after depletion. Transwell migration assay and wound healing assays were performed to determine its impact on migration ability of both cell lines. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the association between Tiam1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Tube formation assay and vasculogenic mimicry assay were used to show the impact of Tiam1 depletion on cancer angiogenesis. Results In this study, we demonstrated that Tiam1 overexpression in lung adenocarcinoma was significantly associated with advanced tumor grade and poor prognosis. In vitro assays indicated that Tiam1 depletion significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration capacities in A549 and H1975 cells. Further investigations revealed that Tiam1 plays an important role in EMT program enhancement, angiogenesis, and accelerated tumor progression. Notably, Tiam1 depletion in cancer cells strongly inhibited human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry capacities of both cancer cell lines. Conclusion Tiam1 overexpression is associated with lung adenocarcinoma progression and may indicate poor prognosis. Tiam1 accelerated tumor progression due to EMT and angiogenesis enhancement. Our data may provide a novel therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China, .,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China,
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China, .,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China,
| | - Qianrong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China, .,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China,
| | - Shuanlong Che
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China, .,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China,
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China, .,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China,
| | - Liyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China, .,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China,
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji 133002, China, .,Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, Yanji 133002, China,
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6
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest group of cell surface receptors, which link cells to their environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as important cellular signaling molecules. The family of NADPH oxidases generates ROS in response to activated cell surface receptors. Recent Advances: Various signaling pathways linking GPCRs and activation of NADPH oxidases have been characterized. CRITICAL ISSUES Still, a more detailed analysis of G proteins involved in the GPCR-mediated activation of NADPH oxidases is needed. In addition, a more precise discrimination of NADPH oxidase activation due to either upregulation of subunit expression or post-translational subunit modifications is needed. Also, the role of noncanonical modulators of NADPH oxidase activation in the response to GPCRs awaits further analyses. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As GPCRs are one of the most popular classes of investigational drug targets, further detailing of G protein-coupled mechanisms in the activation mechanism of NADPH oxidases as well as better understanding of the link between newly identified NADPH oxidase interaction partners and GPCR signaling will provide new opportunities for improved efficiency and decreased off target effects of therapies targeting GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petry
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany .,2 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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7
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Kao SH, Wu HT, Wu KJ. Ubiquitination by HUWE1 in tumorigenesis and beyond. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:67. [PMID: 30176860 PMCID: PMC6122628 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination modulates a large repertoire of cellular functions and thus, dysregulation of the ubiquitin system results in multiple human diseases, including cancer. Ubiquitination requires an E3 ligase, which is responsible for substrate recognition and conferring specificity to ubiquitination. HUWE1 is a multifaceted HECT domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase, which catalyzes both mono-ubiquitination and K6-, K48- and K63-linked poly-ubiquitination of its substrates. Many of the substrates of HUWE1 play a crucial role in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular development. Not surprisingly, dysregulation of HUWE1 is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. HUWE1 is frequently overexpressed in solid tumors, but can be downregulated in brain tumors, suggesting that HUWE1 may possess differing cell-specific functions depending on the downstream targets of HUWE1. This review introduces some important discoveries of the HUWE1 substrates, including those controlling proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and responses to stress. In addition, we review the signaling pathways HUWE1 participates in and obstacles to the identification of HUWE1 substrates. We also discuss up-to-date potential therapeutic designs using small molecules or ubiquitin variants (UbV) against the HUWE1 activity. These molecular advances provide a translational platform for future bench-to-bed studies. HUWE1 is a critical ubiquitination modulator during the tumor progression and may serve as a possible therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Kao
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hseuh-Shih Rd, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Tsang Wu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, 500, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Juey Wu
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hseuh-Shih Rd, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Institute of New Drug Development, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. .,Departmet of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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8
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Rudolf J, Raad H, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. NADPH Oxidases and Their Roles in Skin Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1238-1261. [PMID: 28990413 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skin protects the body from dehydration, pathogens, and external mutagens. NADPH oxidases are central components for regulating the cellular redox balance. There is increasing evidence indicating that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by members of this enzyme family play important roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the skin. Recent Advances: NADPH oxidases are active producers of ROS such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Different isoforms are found in virtually all tissues. They play pivotal roles in normal cell homeostasis and in the cellular responses to various stressors. In particular, these enzymes are integral parts of redox-sensitive prosurvival and proapoptotic signaling pathways, in which they act both as effectors and as modulators. However, continuous (re)activation of NADPH oxidases can disturb the redox balance of cells, in the worst-case scenario in a permanent manner. Abnormal NADPH oxidase activity has been associated with a wide spectrum of diseases, as well as with aging and carcinogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Sunlight with its beneficial and deleterious effects induces the activation of NADPH oxidases in the skin. Evidence for the important roles of this enzyme family in skin cancer and skin aging, as well as in many chronic skin diseases, is now emerging. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding the precise roles of NADPH oxidases in normal skin homeostasis, in the cellular responses to solar radiation, and during carcinogenesis will pave the way for their validation as therapeutic targets not only for the prevention and treatment of skin cancers but also for many other skin-related disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1238-1261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rudolf
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Houssam Raad
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France
| | - Alain Taieb
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,3 Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- 1 Inserm U 1035, Bordeaux, France .,2 Université de Bordeaux , Bordeaux, France .,4 Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de la Peau , CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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9
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Im M, Dagnino L. Protective role of integrin-linked kinase against oxidative stress and in maintenance of genomic integrity. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13637-13651. [PMID: 29568383 PMCID: PMC5862604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and activation of antioxidant pathways is essential to maintain a normal redox state in all tissues. Oxidative stress caused by excessive oxidant species generation can cause damage to DNA and other macromolecules, affecting cell function and viability. Here we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) plays a key role in eliciting a protective response to oxidative damage in epidermal cells. Inactivation of the Ilk gene causes elevated levels of intracellular oxidant species (IOS) and DNA damage in the absence of exogenous oxidative insults. In ILK-deficient cells, excessive IOS production can be prevented through inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity, with a concomitant reduction in DNA damage. Additionally, ILK is necessary for DNA repair processes following UVB-induced damage, as ILK-deficient cells show a significantly impaired ability to remove cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers following irradiation. Thus, ILK is essential to maintain cellular redox balance and, in its absence, epidermal cells become more susceptible to oxidative damage through mechanisms that involve IOS production by NADPH oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Im
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Huang K, Chen Y, Zhang R, Wu Y, Ma Y, Fang X, Shen S. Honokiol induces apoptosis and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:157. [PMID: 29410403 PMCID: PMC5833587 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, the long-term survival of which has stagnated in the past several decades. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effect of honokiol (HNK), an active component isolated and purified from the magnolia officinalis on human osteosarcoma cells. Our results showed that honokiol caused dose-dependent and time-dependent cell death in human osteosarcoma cells. The types of cell death induced by honokiol were primarily autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, honokiol induced G0/G1 phase arrest, elevated the levels of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)-78, an endoplasmic reticular stress (ERS)-associated protein, and increased the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, reducing production of intracellular ROS using N-acetylcysteine, a scavenger of ROS, concurrently suppressed honokiol-induced cellular apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest. Consequently, honokiol stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. Furthermore, pretreatment of osteosarcoma cells with PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, inhibited honokiol-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, honokiol suppressed tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model. Taken together, our results revealed that honokiol caused G0/G1 phase arrest, induced apoptosis, and autophagy via the ROS/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Honokiol is therefore a promising candidate for development of antitumor drugs targeting osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, China
| | - Yizheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiangqian Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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11
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Kou W, Xu X, Ji S, Chen M, Liu D, Wang K, Zhuang J, Yu Q, Zhao Q, Xu Y, Zhang H, Peng W. The inhibition of the effect and mechanism of vascular intimal hyperplasia in Tiam1 knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:248-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Moloney JN, Cotter TG. ROS signalling in the biology of cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:50-64. [PMID: 28587975 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1117] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been detected in various cancers and has been shown to have several roles, for example, they can activate pro-tumourigenic signalling, enhance cell survival and proliferation, and drive DNA damage and genetic instability. Counterintuitively ROS can also promote anti-tumourigenic signalling, initiating oxidative stress-induced tumour cell death. Tumour cells express elevated levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify elevated ROS levels, establish a redox balance, while maintaining pro-tumourigenic signalling and resistance to apoptosis. Tumour cells have an altered redox balance to that of their normal counterparts and this identifies ROS manipulation as a potential target for cancer therapies. This review discusses the generation and sources of ROS within tumour cells, the regulation of ROS by antioxidant defence systems, as well as the effect of elevated ROS production on their signalling targets in cancer. It also provides an insight into how pro- and anti-tumourigenic ROS signalling pathways could be manipulated in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Moloney
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioscience Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas G Cotter
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioscience Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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13
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Deshmukh J, Pofahl R, Haase I. Epidermal Rac1 regulates the DNA damage response and protects from UV-light-induced keratinocyte apoptosis and skin carcinogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2664. [PMID: 28277539 PMCID: PMC5386559 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common type of cancer. Increased expression and activity of Rac1, a small Rho GTPase, has been shown previously in NMSC and other human cancers; suggesting that Rac1 may function as an oncogene in skin. DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis studies in mice have shown that Rac1 is required for chemically induced skin papilloma formation. However, UVB radiation by the sun, which causes DNA damage, is the most relevant cause for NMSC. A potential role of Rac1 in UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis has not been investigated so far. To investigate this, we irradiated mice with epidermal Rac1 deficiency (Rac1-EKO) and their controls using a well-established protocol for long-term UV-irradiation. Most of the Rac1-EKO mice developed severe skin erosions upon long-term UV-irradiation, unlike their controls. These skin erosions in Rac1-EKO mice healed subsequently. Surprisingly, we observed development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) within the UV-irradiation fields. This shows that the presence of Rac1 in the epidermis protects from UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis. Short-term UV-irradiation experiments revealed increased UV-light-induced apoptosis of Rac1-deficient epidermal keratinocytes in vitro as well as in vivo. Further investigations using cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase transgenic mice revealed that the observed increase in UV-light-induced keratinocyte apoptosis in Rac1-EKO mice is DNA damage dependent and correlates with caspase-8 activation. Furthermore, Rac1-deficient keratinocytes showed reduced levels of p53, γ-H2AX and p-Chk1 suggesting an attenuated DNA damage response upon UV-irradiation. Taken together, our data provide direct evidence for a protective role of Rac1 in UV-light-induced skin carcinogenesis and keratinocyte apoptosis probably through regulating mechanisms of the DNA damage response and repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Deshmukh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Ruth Pofahl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
| | - Ingo Haase
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, Cologne 50937, Germany
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Seebacher N, Lane DJR, Richardson DR, Jansson PJ. Turning the gun on cancer: Utilizing lysosomal P-glycoprotein as a new strategy to overcome multi-drug resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:432-45. [PMID: 27154979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a role in the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. Cancer cells must constantly and rapidly adapt to changes in the tumor microenvironment, due to alterations in the availability of nutrients, such as glucose, oxygen and key transition metals (e.g., iron and copper). This nutrient flux is typically a consequence of rapid growth, poor vascularization and necrosis. It has been demonstrated that stress factors, such as hypoxia and glucose deprivation up-regulate master transcription factors, namely hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which transcriptionally regulate the multi-drug resistance (MDR), transmembrane drug efflux transporter, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Interestingly, in addition to the established role of plasma membrane Pgp in MDR, a new paradigm of intracellular resistance has emerged that is premised on the ability of lysosomal Pgp to transport cytotoxic agents into this organelle. This mechanism is enabled by the topological inversion of Pgp via endocytosis resulting in the transporter actively pumping agents into the lysosome. In this way, classical Pgp substrates, such as doxorubicin (DOX), can be actively transported into this organelle. Within the lysosome, DOX becomes protonated upon acidification of the lysosomal lumen, causing its accumulation. This mechanism efficiently traps DOX, preventing its cytotoxic interaction with nuclear DNA. This review discusses these effects and highlights a novel mechanism by which redox-active and protonatable Pgp substrates can utilize lysosomal Pgp to gain access to this compartment, resulting in catastrophic lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death. Hence, a key MDR mechanism that utilizes Pgp (the "gun") to sequester protonatable drug substrates safely within lysosomes can be "turned on" MDR cancer cells to destroy them from within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Seebacher
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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15
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Xu K, Tian X, Oh SY, Movassaghi M, Naber SP, Kuperwasser C, Buchsbaum RJ. The fibroblast Tiam1-osteopontin pathway modulates breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:14. [PMID: 26821678 PMCID: PMC4730665 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor microenvironment has complex effects in cancer pathophysiology that are not fully understood. Most cancer therapies are directed against malignant cells specifically, leaving pro-malignant signals from the microenvironment unaddressed. Defining specific mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment contributes to breast cancer metastasis may lead to new therapeutic approaches against advanced breast cancer. Methods We use a novel method for manipulating three-dimensional mixed cell co-cultures, along with studies in mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer and a histologic study of human breast cancer samples, to investigate how breast cancer-associated fibroblasts affect the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells. Results Altering fibroblast Tiam1 expression induces changes in invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cell characteristics in associated breast cancer cells. These changes are both dependent on fibroblast secretion of osteopontin and also long-lasting even after cancer cell dissociation from the fibroblasts, indicating a novel Tiam1-osteopontin pathway in breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. Notably, inhibition of fibroblast osteopontin with low doses of a novel small molecule prevents lung metastasis in a mouse model of human breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, fibroblast expression patterns of Tiam1 and osteopontin in human breast cancers show converse changes correlating with invasion, supporting the hypothesis that this pathway in tumor-associated fibroblasts regulates breast cancer invasiveness in human disease and is thus clinically relevant. Conclusions These findings suggest a new therapeutic paradigm for preventing breast cancer metastasis. Pro-malignant signals from the tumor microenvironment with long-lasting effects on associated cancer cells may perpetuate the metastatic potential of developing cancers. Inhibition of these microenvironment signals represents a new therapeutic strategy against cancer metastasis that enables targeting of stromal cells with less genetic plasticity than associated cancer cells and opens new avenues for investigation of novel therapeutic targets and agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0674-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Xuejun Tian
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Sun Y Oh
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Stephen P Naber
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Rachel J Buchsbaum
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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16
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Fuma S, Shimazawa M, Imamura T, Kanno Y, Takano N, Tsuruma K, Hara H. Neuroprotective Effect of Ocular Hypotensive Drugs: Latanoprost/Timolol in Combination Are More Effective than Each as Monotherapy in RGC-5. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:192-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoyo Imamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yusuke Kanno
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Norihito Takano
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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17
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Yan YM, Wang XL, Zhou LL, Zhou FJ, Li R, Tian Y, Zuo ZL, Fang P, Chung ACK, Hou FF, Cheng YX. Lingzhilactones from Ganoderma lingzhi ameliorate adriamycin-induced nephropathy in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 176:385-393. [PMID: 26571087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several Ganoderma fungi are well-known for their medical uses to treat cancer, insomnia and kidney disease in East Asia. Triperpenoids and polysaccharides have been considered for a long time to be the major active components of the genus Ganoderma. The present study is to examine the effects of lingzhilactones from G. lingzhi on adriamycin-induced nephropathy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A combination of various chromatography led to the isolation of lingzhilactones A-C, their structures were identified by spectroscopic and computational methods. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected with the carboxymethyl-H2-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluoroprobe. The fibrotic markers were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Detection of SEAP was conducted with the chemiluminescent. Urine albumin was measured using an ELISA assay. Histology and immunohistochemical staining was used to assess fibrotic lesions in mice. RESULTS Three new lingzhilactones A-C (1-3) containing a fused lactone moiety were isolated from G. lingzhi. We found that 2 could inhibit ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner, inhibit mRNA expression of collagen IV, fibronectin, IL-6 and increase expression of Nrf2 in rat tubular epithelial cells. Furthermore, we found that 2 could reduce urinary albumin levels, abrogate myofibroblastic activation and inhibit the phosphorylation of Smad3 in adriamycin-induced mice. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro and in vivo results suggested that lingzhilactone B could protect against renal injuries by increasing the activities of antioxidants and inhibiting inflammation. The inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation suggested that this substance displays in vivo antifibrotic activity by a mechanism that is dependent on disruption of Smad3. These results promote understanding of the traditional usage of G. lingzhi and provide promising findings which may be beneficial for anti-kidney disease drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Li-Li Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Department of Nephrology, First Peopl e's Ho spital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Li Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China
| | - Arthur C K Chung
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Fan-Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, PR China.
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Dang S, Yu ZM, Zhang CY, Zheng J, Li KL, Wu Y, Qian LL, Yang ZY, Li XR, Zhang Y, Wang RX. Autophagy promotes apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:247. [PMID: 26670667 PMCID: PMC4681177 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely applied to treat various inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory cytokines can induce both apoptosis and autophagy in MSCs. However, whether autophagy plays a pro- or con-apoptosis effect on MSCs in an inflammatory microenvironment has not been clarified. Methods We inhibited autophagy by constructing MSCs with lentivirus containing small hairpin RNA to knockdown Beclin-1 and applied these MSCs to a model of sepsis to evaluate therapeutic effect of MSCs. Results Here we show that inhibition of autophagy in MSCs increases the survival rate of septic mice more than control MSCs, and autophagy promotes apoptosis of MSCs during application to septic mice. Further study demonstrated that autophagy aggravated tumor necrosis factor alpha plus interferon gamma-induced apoptosis of MSCs. Mechanically, autophagy inhibits the expression of the pro-survival gene Bcl-2 via suppressing reactive oxygen species/mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 pathway. Conclusions Our findings indicate that an inflammatory microenvironment-induced autophagy promotes apoptosis of MSCs. Therefore, modulation of autophagy in MSCs would provide a novel approach to improve MSC survival during immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Dang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China. .,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Chang-Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Ku-Lin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Xiao-Rong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ru-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, China.
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Vaughan L, Tan CT, Chapman A, Nonaka D, Mack NA, Smith D, Booton R, Hurlstone AFL, Malliri A. HUWE1 ubiquitylates and degrades the RAC activator TIAM1 promoting cell-cell adhesion disassembly, migration, and invasion. Cell Rep 2015; 10:88-102. [PMID: 25543140 PMCID: PMC4542307 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1, deregulated in carcinoma, has been implicated in tumor formation. Here, we uncover a role for HUWE1 in cell migration and invasion through degrading the RAC activator TIAM1, implying an additional function in malignant progression. In MDCKII cells in response to HGF, HUWE1 catalyzes TIAM1 ubiquitylation and degradation predominantly at cell-cell adhesions, facilitating junction disassembly, migration, and invasion. Depleting HUWE1 or mutating the TIAM1 ubiquitylation site prevents TIAM1 degradation, antagonizing scattering, and invasion. Moreover, simultaneous depletion of TIAM1 restores migration and invasion in HUWE1-depleted cells. Significantly, we show that HUWE1 stimulates human lung cancer cell invasion through regulating TIAM1 stability. Finally, we demonstrate that HUWE1 and TIAM1 protein levels are inversely correlated in human lung carcinomas. Thus, we elucidate a critical role for HUWE1 in regulating epithelial cell-cell adhesion and provide additional evidence that ubiquitylation contributes to spatiotemporal control of RAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey Vaughan
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Chong-Teik Tan
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Anna Chapman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Daisuke Nonaka
- Department of Histopathology, The Christie Hospital and Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Natalie A Mack
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Duncan Smith
- Biological Mass Spectrometry, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Richard Booton
- Respiratory Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester and North West Lung Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Adam F L Hurlstone
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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20
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Chick WS, Ludwig M, Zhao X, Kitzenberg D, Williams K, Johnson TE. Screening for stress-resistance mutations in the mouse. Front Genet 2014; 5:310. [PMID: 25250048 PMCID: PMC4157564 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity is correlated with stress resistance in many animal models. However, previous efforts through the boosting of the antioxidant defense system did not extend life span, suggesting that longevity related stress resistance is mediated by other uncharacterized pathways. We have developed a high-throughput platform for screening and rapid identification of novel genetic mutants in the mouse that are stress resistant. Selection for resistance to stressors occurs in mutagenized mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, which are carefully treated so as to maintain pluripotency for mouse production. Initial characterization of these mutant ES cells revealed mutations in Pigl, Tiam1, and Rffl, among others. These genes are implicated in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis, NADPH oxidase function, and inflammation. These mutants: (1) are resistant to two different oxidative stressors, paraquat and the omission of 2-mercaptoethanol, (2) have reduced levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), (3) are capable of generating live mice, and (4) transmit the stress resistance phenotype to the mice. This strategy offers an efficient way to select for new mutants expressing a stress resistance phenotype, to rapidly identify the causative genes, and to develop mice for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallace S Chick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA ; Charles C. Gates Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology Program, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Kitzenberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristina Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Johnson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, USA ; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, USA ; Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO, USA
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Tiam1 siRNA enhanced the sensitivity of sorafenib on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:8249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Zhu G, Fan Z, Ding M, Mu L, Liang J, Ding Y, Fu Y, Huang B, Wu W. DNA damage induces the accumulation of Tiam1 by blocking β-TrCP-dependent degradation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15482-94. [PMID: 24737324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.553388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rac1/JNK cascade plays important roles in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. However, how this cascade is activated upon DNA damage remains to be fully understood. We show here that, in untreated cells, Tiam1, a Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, is phosphorylated by casein kinase 1 (CK1) at its C terminus, leading to Skp, Cullin, F-box-containing(β-TrCP) recognition, ubiquitination, and proteasome-mediated degradation. Upon DNA-damaging anticancer drug treatment, CK1/β-TrCP-mediated Tiam1 degradation is abolished, and the accumulated Tiam1 contributes to downstream activation of Rac1/JNK. Consistently, tumor cells overexpressing Tiam1 are hypersensitive to DNA-damaging drug treatment. In xenograft mice, Tiam1-high cells are more susceptible to doxorubicin treatment. Thus, our results uncover that inhibition of proteasome-mediated Tiam1 degradation is an upstream event leading to Rac1/JNK activation and cell apoptosis in response to DNA-damaging drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixin Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, the Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China, and
| | - Zhongyun Fan
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miao Ding
- the School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Libing Mu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juan Liang
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yajie Ding
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Fu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Binlu Huang
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Wu
- From the Key Laboratory of Protein Science of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,
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Wang X, Luo F, Zhao H. Paraquat-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit neutrophil apoptosis via a p38 MAPK/NF-κB-IL-6/TNF-α positive-feedback circuit. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93837. [PMID: 24714343 PMCID: PMC3979731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), a widely used herbicide and potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) inducer, can injure multiple tissues and organs, especially the lung. However, the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. According to previous reports, neutrophil aggregation and excessive ROS production might play pivotal pathogenetic roles. In the present study, we found that PQ could prolong neutrophil lifespan and induce ROS generation in a concentration-independent manner. Activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK), and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) but not Akt signaling pathways were involved in this process, as well as increasing levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β. Furthermore, the proinflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNF-α could in turn promote ROS generation, creating a vicious cycle. The existence of such a feedback loop is supported by our finding that neutrophil apoptosis is attenuated by PQ in a concentration-independent manner and could partially explain the clinical dilemma why oxygen therapy will exacerbate PQ induced tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Emergency department, the 2nd affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuling Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1: A Janus-faced molecule in cellular signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 26:483-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kassan M, Choi SK, Galán M, Lee YH, Trebak M, Matrougui K. Enhanced p22phox expression impairs vascular function through p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinase-dependent mechanisms in type 2 diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H972-80. [PMID: 24486509 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00872.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with vascular complication. We hypothesized that increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p22(phox) expression impairs vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and control (db(-)/db(+)) mice were treated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase (1,000 U/kg daily ip), or small interfering RNA p22(phox) (p22(phox)-lentivirus-small interfering RNA, 100 μg iv, 2 times/wk) for 1 mo. EDR was impaired in microvascular bed (coronary arteriole and femoral and mesenteric resistance arteries) from diabetic mice compared with control. Interestingly, ROS scavenger and p22(phox) downregulation did not affect blood glucose level or body weight but significantly improved EDR. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2 and p38) phosphorylation and NADPH oxidase activity were increased in arteries from diabetic mice and were reduced after ROS scavenger or p22(phox) downregulation in db(-)/db(-) mice. The present study showed that enhanced p22(phox) expression causes vascular dysfunction through ERK1/2 and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanisms in male type 2 diabetic mice. Therefore, p22(phox) could be an important target to improve vascular function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
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26
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Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase mediates diabetes-induced retinal neuropathy. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:510451. [PMID: 24347828 PMCID: PMC3857786 DOI: 10.1155/2013/510451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal neuropathy is an early event in the development of diabetic retinopathy. One of the potential enzymes that are activated by oxidative stress in the diabetic retina is poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). We investigated the effect of the PARP inhibitor 1,5-isoquinolinediol on the expression of the neurodegeneration mediators and markers in the retinas of diabetic rats. After two weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, rats were treated with 1,5-isoquinolinediol (3 mg/kg/day). After 4 weeks of diabetes, the retinas were harvested and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined fluorometrically and the expressions of PARP, phosporylated-ERK1/2, BDNF, synaptophysin, glutamine synthetase (GS), and caspase-3 were determined by Western blot analysis. Retinal levels of ROS, PARP-1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased, whereas the expressions of BDNF synaptophysin and GS were significantly decreased in the retinas of diabetic rats, compared to nondiabetic rats. Administration of 1,5-isoquinolinediol did not affect the metabolic status of the diabetic rats, but it significantly attenuated diabetes-induced upregulation of PARP, ROS, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation of BDNF, synaptophysin, and GS. These findings suggest a beneficial effect of the PARP inhibitor in increasing neurotrophic support and ameliorating early retinal neuropathy induced by diabetes.
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27
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Stefin B deficiency reduces tumor growth via sensitization of tumor cells to oxidative stress in a breast cancer model. Oncogene 2013; 33:3392-400. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dalton LE, Kamarashev J, Barinaga-Rementeria Ramirez I, White G, Malliri A, Hurlstone A. Constitutive RAC activation is not sufficient to initiate melanocyte neoplasia but accelerates malignant progression. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1572-81. [PMID: 23337888 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated Ras signaling initiates and maintains melanocyte neoplasia. The Rho-like GTPase Rac has been implicated in Ras-induced neoplastic transformation. Moreover, a recurrent UV-induced mutation activating RAC1 has recently been detected in human melanoma. Here, a role for Rac in melanoma initiation and progression was investigated in human melanomas and zebrafish models of melanocyte neoplasia. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed RAC expression and activity restricted to melanocytes at the junction of the epidermis and dermis in benign neoplasms. Malignant melanocytes displayed elevated RAC activity that extended into the suprabasal epidermis, deeper into the dermis, and was maintained in metastases. Previously, we have used zebrafish transgenic models to demonstrate that deregulated Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling can initiate melanocyte neoplasia. Expression of a constitutively active RAC1 mutant (V12RAC1) was not sufficient to initiate melanocyte neoplasia in this organism. Furthermore, we did not detect an additive effect when combined with V600EBRAF, nor could V12RAC1 substitute for suppressed Pi3k signaling to restore melanoma progression. However, coexpression of V12RAC1 and oncogenic RAS accelerated tumor nodule formation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the Rac activator Tiam1 (T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1) is overexpressed in melanoma tumor nodules in both zebrafish and humans. Thus, our data suggest that Rac contributes to the progression of melanoma and that Tiam1 may activate Rac in nodular presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Dalton
- Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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29
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Echchgadda I, Roth CC, Cerna CZ, Wilmink GJ. Temporal gene expression kinetics for human keratinocytes exposed to hyperthermic stress. Cells 2013; 2:224-43. [PMID: 24709698 PMCID: PMC3972685 DOI: 10.3390/cells2020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene expression kinetics for human cells exposed to hyperthermic stress are not well characterized. In this study, we identified and characterized the genes that are differentially expressed in human epidermal keratinocyte (HEK) cells exposed to hyperthermic stress. In order to obtain temporal gene expression kinetics, we exposed HEK cells to a heat stress protocol (44 °C for 40 min) and used messenger RNA (mRNA) microarrays at 0 h, 4 h and 24 h post-exposure. Bioinformatics software was employed to characterize the chief biological processes and canonical pathways associated with these heat stress genes. The data shows that the genes encoding for heat shock proteins (HSPs) that function to prevent further protein denaturation and aggregation, such as HSP40, HSP70 and HSP105, exhibit maximal expression immediately after exposure to hyperthermic stress. In contrast, the smaller HSPs, such as HSP10 and HSP27, which function in mitochondrial protein biogenesis and cellular adaptation, exhibit maximal expression during the “recovery phase”, roughly 24 h post-exposure. These data suggest that the temporal expression kinetics for each particular HSP appears to correlate with the cellular function that is required at each time point. In summary, these data provide additional insight regarding the expression kinetics of genes that are triggered in HEK cells exposed to hyperthermic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Echchgadda
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Road, Bldg. 3260, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Caleb C Roth
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Cesario Z Cerna
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
| | - Gerald J Wilmink
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Bioeffects Division, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, 4141 Petroleum Road, Bldg. 3260, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
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Takano N, Tsuruma K, Ohno Y, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Bimatoprost protects retinal neuronal damage via Akt pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:56-61. [PMID: 23395963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, prostaglandin analogs, such as bimatoprost, have become the major therapeutic class for medical treatment of glaucoma because of their efficacy and generally well tolerated systemic safety profile. However, the detailed mechanism of the direct action of bimatoprost on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) has rarely been understood. Thus, in this study, we elucidated the mechanism of the protective effects of bimatoprost on RGC against oxidative stress. To examine the protective effects of bimatoprost, cultured RGC with various concentrations of bimatoprost (in both free acid and amide form) were exposed to l-buthionin-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) plus glutamate or serum depletion in vitro and intravitreal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) was used to induce retinal damage in vivo. To elucidate the protective mechanism of bimatoprost, we used western blot analysis to investigate the phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Bimatoprost significantly reduced BSO plus glutamate- and serum deprivation-induced death in concentration-dependent manners. Bimatoprost induced activation of Akt and ERK, and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, attenuated the protective effect of bimatoprost. On the other hand, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor, U0126, exhibited protective effect unexpectedly. Moreover, ERK was more phosphorylated by attenuation of Akt activity in cultured RGC. In an in vivo study, bimatoprost reduced NMDA-induced RGC death. Taken together, these findings indicate that bimatoprost has protective effects on in vitro and in vivo retinal damage, suggesting that the mechanism underlying may be via the Akt pathway, which may modulate the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Takano
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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Nutrient deprivation induces the Warburg effect through ROS/AMPK-dependent activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1147-56. [PMID: 23376776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is known to be crucial for cancer cells to acquire energy. Nutrient deficiencies are an important phenomenon in solid tumors, but the effect on cancer cell metabolism is not yet clear. In this study, we demonstrate that starvation of HeLa cells by incubation with Hank's buffered salt solution (HBSS) induced cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Notably, HBSS starvation increased lactate production, cytoplasmic pyruvate content and decreased oxygen consumption, but failed to change the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity or the glucose uptake. We found that HBSS starvation rapidly induced pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) activation and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphorylation, both of which were inhibited by compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), NAC (a ROS scavenger), and the dominant negative mutant of AMPK. Our data further revealed the involvement of ROS production in AMPK activation. Moreover, DCA (a PDK inhibitor), NAC, and compound C all significantly decreased HBSS starvation-induced lactate production accompanied by enhancement of HBSS starvation-induced cell apoptosis. Not only in HeLa cells, HBSS-induced lactate production and PDH phosphorylation were also observed in CL1.5, A431 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Taken together, we for the first time demonstrated that a low-nutrient condition drives cancer cells to utilize glycolysis to produce ATP, and this increases the Warburg effect through a novel mechanism involving ROS/AMPK-dependent activation of PDK. Such an event contributes to protecting cells from apoptosis upon nutrient deprivation.
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Riese A, Eilert Y, Meyer Y, Arin M, Baron JM, Eming S, Krieg T, Kurschat P. Epidermal expression of neuropilin 1 protects murine keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50944. [PMID: 23251405 PMCID: PMC3518474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is expressed on several cell types including neurons and endothelial cells, where it functions as an important regulator in development and during angiogenesis. As a cell surface receptor, NRP1 is able to bind to members of the VEGF family of growth factors and to secreted class 3 semaphorins. Neuropilin 1 is also highly expressed in keratinocytes, but the function of NRP1 in epidermal physiology and pathology is still unclear. Methods and Results To elucidate the role of NRP1 in skin in vivo we generated an epidermis-specific neuropilin 1 knock out mouse model by using the Cre-LoxP-System. Mice were viable and fertile and did not display any obvious skin or hair defects. After challenge with UVB irradiation, we found that deletion of epidermal NRP1 leads to increased rates of apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. NRP1-deficient primary keratinocytes cultured in vitro showed significantly higher rates of apoptosis 24 hours after UVB. Likewise, there is a significant increase of active caspase 3 positive cells in the epidermis of Keratin 14-Cre-NRP1 (−/−) mice 24 hours after UVB irradiation. By Western Blot analysis we could show that NRP1 influences the cytosolic levels of Bcl-2, a pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family. After UVB irradiation the amounts of Bcl-2 decrease in both protein extracts from murine epidermis and in NRP1-deficient keratinocytes in vitro, whereas wild type cells retain their Bcl-2 levels. Likewise, levels of phospho-Erk and Rac1 were lower in NRP1-knock out keratinocytes, whereas levels of pro-apoptotic p53 were higher. Conclusion NRP1 expression in keratinocytes is dispensable for normal skin development. Upon UVB challenge, NRP1 contributes to the prevention of keratinocyte apoptosis. This pro-survival function of NRP1 is accompanied by the maintenance of high levels of the antiapoptotic regulator Bcl-2 and by lower levels of pro-apoptotic p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Riese
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Eilert
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yvonne Meyer
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Meral Arin
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens M. Baron
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Kurschat
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Mack NA, Porter AP, Whalley HJ, Schwarz JP, Jones RC, Khaja ASS, Bjartell A, Anderson KI, Malliri A. β2-syntrophin and Par-3 promote an apicobasal Rac activity gradient at cell-cell junctions by differentially regulating Tiam1 activity. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:1169-80. [PMID: 23103911 PMCID: PMC3498067 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although Rac and its activator Tiam1 are known to stimulate cell-cell adhesion, the mechanisms regulating their activity in cell-cell junction formation are poorly understood. Here, we identify β2-syntrophin as a Tiam1 interactor required for optimal cell-cell adhesion. We show that during tight-junction (TJ) assembly β2-syntrophin promotes Tiam1-Rac activity, in contrast to the function of the apical determinant Par-3 whose inhibition of Tiam1-Rac activity is necessary for TJ assembly. We further demonstrate that β2-syntrophin localizes more basally than Par-3 at cell-cell junctions, thus generating an apicobasal Rac activity gradient at developing cell-cell junctions. Targeting active Rac to TJs shows that this gradient is required for optimal TJ assembly and apical lumen formation. Consistently, β2-syntrophin depletion perturbs Tiam1 and Rac localization at cell-cell junctions and causes defects in apical lumen formation. We conclude that β2-syntrophin and Par-3 fine-tune Rac activity along cell-cell junctions controlling TJ assembly and the establishment of apicobasal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Mack
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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Gong K, Chen C, Zhan Y, Chen Y, Huang Z, Li W. Autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) and reactive oxygen species/extracellular signal-regulated kinase regulate tetrandrine-induced autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35576-35588. [PMID: 22927446 PMCID: PMC3471698 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.370585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the broadly used Chinese medicinal herb Stephaniae tetrandrae, exhibits potent antitumor effects and has the potential to be used as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. We previously reported that high concentrations of tetrandrine induce apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Here, we found that in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, a low dose of tetrandrine (5 μm) induced the expression of LC3-II, resulted in the formation of acidic autophagolysosome vacuoles (AVOs), and caused a punctate fluorescence pattern with the GFP-LC3 protein, which all are markers for cellular autophagy. Tetrandrine induced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and treatment with ROS scavengers significantly abrogated the tetrandrine-induced autophagy. These results suggest that the generation of ROS plays an important role in promoting tetrandrine-induced autophagy. Tetrandrine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in ROS accumulation and autophagy. ROS generation activated the ERK MAP kinase, and the ERK signaling pathway at least partially contributed to tetrandrine-induced autophagy in HCC cells. Moreover, we found that tetrandrine transcriptionally regulated the expression of autophagy related gene 7 (ATG7), which promoted tetrandrine-induced autophagy. In addition to in vitro studies, similar results were also observed in vivo, where tetrandrine caused the accumulation of ROS and induced cell autophagy in a tumor xenograft model. Interestingly, tetrandrine treatment also induced autophagy in a ROS-dependent manner in C. elegans muscle cells. Therefore, these findings suggest that tetrandrine is a potent autophagy agonist and may be a promising clinical chemotherapeutic agent.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7
- Benzylisoquinolines/chemistry
- Benzylisoquinolines/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/genetics
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/biosynthesis
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Stephania tetrandra/chemistry
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/biosynthesis
- Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
| | - Yao Zhan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zebo Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072.
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Chen CA, Chen TS, Chen HC. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase plays a proapoptotic role in podocytes after reactive oxygen species treatment and inhibition of integrin-extracellular matrix interaction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:777-83. [PMID: 22829704 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocking integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction on apoptosis in podocytes, and the related signal transduction pathways remain unclear. Primary cultured rat podocytes were exposed to ROS. Integrin-ECM interaction was inhibited with anti-β1-integrin monoclonal antibody (mAb) or RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was evaluated with Western blotting. U0126 was used to inhibit ERK activation. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-peroxidase nick end-labeling of DNA (TUNEL) was used to evaluate apoptosis. We found that ROS-treated podocytes exhibited increased apoptosis, and both anti-β1-integrin mAb and RGDS induce apoptosis. Addition of ROS to either anti-β1-integrin mAb or RGDS enhanced apoptosis in both conditions. ERK activation was increased by either ROS or blocking integrin-ECM interaction. Preincubation with U0126 decreased apoptosis induced by ROS, anti-β1-integrin mAb or RGDS, respectively. Our study demonstrated that ROS and blocking integrin-ECM interaction induce podocyte apoptosis, which is mediated by ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Tainan Sinlau Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways are Involved in the Upregulation of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide of Rat Trigeminal Ganglion After Organ Culture. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 48:53-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Yao Y, Li R, Ma Y, Wang X, Li C, Zhang X, Ma R, Ding Z, Liu L. α-Lipoic acid increases tolerance of cardiomyoblasts to glucose/glucose oxidase-induced injury via ROS-dependent ERK1/2 activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:920-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang L, Frizzell SA, Zhao X, Gladwin MT. Normoxic cyclic GMP-independent oxidative signaling by nitrite enhances airway epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:203-10. [PMID: 22425780 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium provides important barrier and host defense functions. Recent studies reveal that nitrite is an endocrine reservoir of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity that is converted to NO by enzymatic reductases along the physiological oxygen gradient. Nitrite signaling has been described as NO dependent activation mediated by reactions with deoxygenated redox active hemoproteins, such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, neuroglobin, xanthine oxidoreductase (XO) and NO synthase at low pH and oxygen tension. However, nitrite can also be readily oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)·) via heme peroxidase reactions, suggesting the existence of alternative oxidative signaling pathways for nitrite under normoxic conditions. In the present study, we examined normoxic signaling effects of sodium nitrite on airway epithelial cell wound healing. In an in vitro scratch injury model under normoxia, we exposed cultured monolayers of human airway epithelial cells to various concentrations of sodium nitrite and compared responses to NO donor. We found sodium nitrite potently enhanced airway epithelium wound healing at physiological concentrations (from 1 μM). The effect of nitrite was blocked by the NO and NO(2)· scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO). Interestingly, nitrite treatment did not increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels under these normoxic conditions, even in the presence of a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, suggesting cGMP independent signaling. Consistent with an oxidative signaling pathway requiring hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))/heme-peroxidase/NO(2)· signaling, the effects of nitrite were potentiated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and low concentration H(2)O(2), whereas inhibited completely by catalase, followed by downstream extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation. Our data represent the first description of normoxic nitrite signaling on lung epithelial cell proliferation and wound healing and suggest novel oxidative signaling pathways involving nitrite-H(2)O(2) reactions, possibly via the intermediary, NO(2)·.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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39
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Diabetic nephropathy-related active cyclic peptides from the roots of Brachystemma calycinum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7434-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Tumor-expressed collagens can modulate immune cell function through the inhibitory collagen receptor LAIR-1. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:402-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Kim JS, Bak EJ, Lee BC, Kim YS, Park JB, Choi IG. Neuregulin induces HaCaT keratinocyte migration via Rac1-mediated NADPH-oxidase activation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3014-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Seo JM, Cho KJ, Kim EY, Choi MH, Chung BC, Kim JH. Up-regulation of BLT2 is critical for the survival of bladder cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2011; 43:129-37. [PMID: 21252614 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2011.43.3.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rates of urinary bladder cancer continue to rise yearly, and thus new therapeutic approaches and early diagnostic markers for bladder cancer are urgently needed. Thus, identifying the key mediators and molecular mechanisms responsible for the survival of bladder cancer has valuable implications for the development of therapy. In this study, the role of BLT2, a receptor for leukotriene B((4)) (LTB((4))) and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), in the survival of bladder cancer 253J-BV cells was investigated. We found that the expression of BLT2 is highly elevated in bladder cancer cells. Also, we observed that blockade of BLT2 with an antagonist or BLT2 siRNA resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death, suggesting a role of BLT2 in the survival of human bladder cancer 253J-BV cells. Further experiments aimed at elucidating the mechanism by which BLT2 mediates survival revealed that enhanced level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated via a BLT2-dependent up-regulation of NADPH oxidase members NOX1 and NOX4. Additionally, we observed that inhibition of ROS generation by either NOX1/4 siRNAs or treatment with an ROS-scavenging agent results in apoptotic cell death in 253J-BV bladder cancer cells. These results demonstrated that a 'BLT2-NOX1/4-ROS' cascade plays a role in the survival of this aggressive bladder cancer cells, thus pointing to BLT2 as a potential target for anti-bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Seo
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Yano T, Yamazaki Y, Adachi M, Okawa K, Fort P, Uji M, Tsukita S, Tsukita S. Tara up-regulates E-cadherin transcription by binding to the Trio RhoGEF and inhibiting Rac signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:319-32. [PMID: 21482718 PMCID: PMC3080255 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201009100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of E-cadherin expression is important during body plan development and carcinogenesis. We found that Tara (Trio-associated repeat on actin) is enriched in cadherin-based adherens junctions (AJs), and its knockdown in MDCK cells (Tara-KD cells) significantly decreases the expression of E-cadherin. Tara-KD activates Rac1 through the Trio RhoGEF, which binds to E-cadherin and subsequently increases the phosphorylation of p38 and Tbx3, a transcriptional E-cadherin repressor. Accordingly, the decrease in E-cadherin expression is abrogated by ITX3 and SB203580 (specific inhibitors of Trio RhoGEF and p38MAPK, respectively), and by dephosphomimetic Tbx3. Despite the decreased E-cadherin expression, the Tara-KD cells do not undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and remain as an epithelial cell sheet, presumably due to the concomitant up-regulation of cadherin-6. Tara-KD reduces the actin-belt density in the circumferential ring, and the cells form flattened cysts, suggesting that Tara functions to modulate epithelial cell sheet formation and integrity by up-regulating E-cadherin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yano
- Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Song CW, Wang SM, Zhou LL, Hou FF, Wang KJ, Han QB, Li N, Cheng YX. Isolation and identification of compounds responsible for antioxidant capacity of Euryale ferox seeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1199-1204. [PMID: 21280632 DOI: 10.1021/jf1041933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Euryale ferox seed is consumed medicinally or for food in China. The present study revealed it to contain significant antioxidant activity, which may be associated with its medical applications as a proteinuria inhibitor of diabetic nephropathy. This study resulted in the identification of 3 new sesquineolignans, named euryalins A-C (1-3), and 16 known compounds, which were all first isolated from this plant apart from 5,7,4-trihydroxy-flavanone. The antioxidant potential of the partial isolates was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay and mesangial cellular assay. Compounds 2, rel-(2α,3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin (4), syringylglycerol-8-O-4-(sinapyl alcohol) ether (5), and (+)-syringaresinol (7) were found to be most active on DPPH assay, whereas compounds 2, 4, 7, (1R,2R,5R,6S)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, and buddlenol E could significantly inhibit high glucose-stimulated reactive oxygen species production in mesangial cells. The results suggested that E. ferox seed could be considered as an excellent source of natural antioxidants and is useful in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650204, People's Republic of China
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You BR, Park WH. The effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors or small interfering RNAs on gallic acid-induced HeLa cell death in relation to reactive oxygen species and glutathione. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:763-771. [PMID: 21166414 DOI: 10.1021/jf103379d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is widely distributed in various plants and foods and has various biological properties including anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [MAP 20 kinase or ERK kinase (MEK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), or p38)] inhibitors or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) on GA-induced HeLa cell death in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. GA dose dependently inhibited the growth of HeLa cells via apoptosis and/or necrosis at 24 h, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨ(m)). Treatment with 70 μM GA increased the ROS level including O(2)(•-) and significantly induced GSH depletion in HeLa cells. GA decreased the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) at 24 h, whereas it increased that of JNK at the same time. While the MEK inhibitor or ERK siRNA did not affect cell growth and death in 70 μM GA-treated HeLa cells at 24 h, JNK and p38 inhibitors enhanced cell growth inhibition and death in these cells. Additionally, p38 siRNA administration augmented growth inhibition, death, and MMP (ΔΨ(m)) loss in 70 μM GA-treated HeLa cells. In relation to ROS and GSH levels, JNK and p38 inhibitors increased ROS levels, and GSH-depleted cell numbers in GA-treated HeLa cells. Moreover, p38 siRNA increased O(2)(•-) levels and GSH depletion in GA-treated HeLa cells. Each MAPK inhibitor and siRNA differentially affected ROS and GSH levels in HeLa control cells. Conclusively, JNK and p38 inhibitors and p38 siRNA enhanced growth inhibition and cell death in GA-treated HeLa cells, which were to some extent related to GSH depletion and ROS levels, especially O(2)(•-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea
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Jiang F, Zhang Y, Dusting GJ. NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling: roles in cellular stress response, stress tolerance, and tissue repair. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:218-42. [PMID: 21228261 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (Nox) has a dedicated function of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulating evidence suggests that Nox has an important role in signal transduction in cellular stress responses. We have reviewed the current evidence showing that the Nox system can be activated by a collection of chemical, physical, and biological cellular stresses. In many circumstances, Nox activation fits to the cellular stress response paradigm, in that (1) the response can be initiated by various forms of cellular stresses; (2) Nox-derived ROS may activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, which are the core of the cell stress-response signaling network; and (3) Nox is involved in the development of stress cross-tolerance. Activation of the cell survival pathway by Nox may promote cell adaptation to stresses, whereas Nox may also convey signals toward apoptosis in irreversibly injured cells. At later stage after injury, Nox is involved in tissue repair by modulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. We suggest that Nox may have an integral role in cell stress responses and the subsequent tissue repair process. Understanding Nox-mediated redox signaling mechanisms may be of prominent significance at the crossroads of directing cellular responses to stress, aiming at either enhancing the stress resistance (in such situations as preventing ischemia-reperfusion injuries and accelerating wound healing) or sensitizing the stress-induced cytotoxicity for proliferative diseases such as cancer. Therefore, an optimal outcome of interventions on Nox will only be achieved when this is dealt with in a timely and disease-and stage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wen Hua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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You BR, Park WH. The enhancement of propyl gallate-induced HeLa cell death by MAPK inhibitors is accompanied by increasing ROS levels. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2349-58. [PMID: 21082265 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Propyl gallate (PG) as a synthetic antioxidant exerts a variety of effects on tissue and cell functions. Here, we investigated the effects of MAPK (MEK, JNK and p38) inhibitors on PG-treated HeLa cells in relation to cell death, ROS and GSH levels. PG induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in HeLa cells, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨm). ROS levels were increased or decreased in PG-treated HeLa cells depending on the incubation times. PG also increased GSH depleted cell numbers in HeLa cells. All the MAPK inhibitors slightly enhanced cell growth inhibition, death and MMP (ΔΨm) loss, and increased ROS levels in PG-treated HeLa cells. However, MAPK inhibitors did not significantly affect GSH depletion in PG-treated cells. In conclusion, the enhanced effect of MAPK inhibitors on PG-induced HeLa cell death was accompanied by increasing ROS levels but the effect was not related to changes of GSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu, 561-180, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the body and protects it from environmental insults. This crucial function is sustained by a continuous process of self-renewal involving the carefully balanced proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells constantly replacing the mature cells at the surface of the epidermis. Genetic changes in the signalling pathways controlling keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation disrupt this balance and lead to pathological changes including carcinogenesis. This review discusses the role of Ras, an oncogene critically involved in the development of skin neoplasia, and its downstream effector Raf in epidermal homeostasis and tumourigenesis. In particular, we will focus on the recently established role of Raf-1 as the decisive element that, by restraining keratinocyte differentiation, allows the development and maintenance of Ras-driven tumours.
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You BR, Park WH. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor-induced calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cell growth and death, are changed by MAPK inhibitors. Drug Chem Toxicol 2010; 34:45-52. [PMID: 20954830 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2010.494663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
MG132, as a proteasome inhibitor, has been shown to induce apoptotic cell death through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the effects of MAPK inhibitors on MG132-treated calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells (CPAECs) in relation to cell death, ROS, and glutathione (GSH). MG132 inhibited the growth of CPAEC and also induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨ(m)). MG132 increased ROS levels and GSH-depleted cell numbers in CPAEC. Treatment with MAPK (MEK, JNK, and p38) inhibitors showed a slight enhancement of cell-growth inhibition by MG132. All the MAPK inhibitors decreased cell death by MG132. Especially, the JNK inhibitor showed a strong effect. They all did not affect ROS levels and GSH depletion in MG132-treated CPAEC, but increased ROS and GSH levels in MG132-untreated CPAEC. In conclusion, MG132 induced apoptosis in CPAEC, which was accompanied by ROS increase and GSH depletion. The changes of MG132-induced CPAEC growth inhibition and death by MAPK inhibitors were not tightly correlated to ROS and GSH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra You
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Institute for Medical Sciences Chonbuk National University, JeonJu, 561-180, Republic of Korea
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McHenry PR, Sears JC, Herrick MP, Chang P, Heckman-Stoddard BM, Rybarczyk M, Chodosh LA, Gunther EJ, Hilsenbeck SG, Rosen JM, Vargo-Gogola T. P190B RhoGAP has pro-tumorigenic functions during MMTV-Neu mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R73. [PMID: 20860838 PMCID: PMC3096962 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rho GTPases are overexpressed and hyperactivated in human breast cancers. Deficiency of p190B RhoGAP, a major inhibitor of the Rho GTPases, inhibits mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV)-Neu/ErbB2 mammary tumor formation and progression in part through effects within the stromal environment, suggesting that p190B function is pro-tumorigenic. To further investigate the potential pro-tumorigenic actions of p190B, we examined the effects of exogenous p190B expression within the mammary epithelium on MMTV-Neu tumor formation and progression. Methods Tetracycline (tet)-regulatable p190B transgenic mice were bred to MMTV-Neu mice, and the effects of exogenous p190B expression on tumor latency, multiplicity, growth rates, angiogenesis, and metastasis were examined. The effects of exogenous p190B expression on cell-matrix adhesion and invasion were tested using non-transformed primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Rho GTPase activity, oxidative stress as an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and downstream signaling pathways were analyzed. Results Altered p190B expression resulted in a two-fold increase in tumor multiplicity and a three-fold increase in metastases compared to control mice indicating that exogenous p190B expression in the mammary epithelium promotes MMTV-Neu mammary tumor formation and progression. Interestingly, non-transformed primary MECs expressing exogenous p190B displayed increased adhesion to laminin and type IV collagen and formed invasive structures in a three-dimensional culture assay. Ras related C3 botulinum toxin 1 (Rac1)-GTP levels were elevated in p190B transgenic tumors whereas Ras homologous A (RhoA) and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42)-GTP levels were not significantly altered. Rac1 activity affects production of ROS, which regulate transformation, metastasis, and oxidative stress. Protein carbonylation, which is indicative of oxidative stress, was elevated 1.75-fold in p190B transgenic tumors as compared to control tumors suggesting that exogenous p190B expression may affect Rac1-dependent ROS production. Conclusions These studies indicate that paradoxically, p190B RhoGAP, a major inhibitor of the Rho GTPases in vitro, has pro-tumorigenic functions that enhance MMTV-Neu induced mammary tumor formation and metastasis. Furthermore, exogenous p190B expression enhances cell adhesion and invasion, which may facilitate metastasis. Rac1 activity and oxidative stress are elevated in tumors expressing exogenous p190B suggesting that p190B may promote tumorigenesis through a Rac1/ROS dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R McHenry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, 46617, USA
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