1
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Kapustin A, Tsakali SS, Whitehead M, Chennell G, Wu MY, Molenaar C, Kutikhin A, Bogdanov L, Sinitsky M, Rubina K, Clayton A, Verweij FJ, Pegtel DM, Zingaro S, Lobov A, Zainullina B, Owen D, Parsons M, Cheney RE, Warren D, Humphries MJ, Iskratsch T, Holt M, Shanahan CM. Extracellular vesicles stimulate smooth muscle cell migration by presenting collagen VI. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.551257. [PMID: 37645762 PMCID: PMC10462164 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.551257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) supports blood vessel architecture and functionality and undergoes active remodelling during vascular repair and atherogenesis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential for vessel repair and, via their secretome, are able to invade from the vessel media into the intima to mediate ECM remodelling. Accumulation of fibronectin (FN) is a hallmark of early vascular repair and atherosclerosis and here we show that FN stimulates VSMCs to secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) by activating the β1 integrin/FAK/Src pathway as well as Arp2/3-dependent branching of the actin cytoskeleton. Spatially, sEV were secreted via filopodia-like cellular protrusions at the leading edge of migrating cells. We found that sEVs are trapped by the ECM in vitro and colocalise with FN in symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Functionally, ECM-trapped sEVs induced the formation of focal adhesions (FA) with enhanced pulling forces at the cellular periphery. Proteomic and GO pathway analysis revealed that VSMC-derived sEVs display a cell adhesion signature and are specifically enriched with collagen VI. In vitro assays identified collagen VI as playing the key role in cell adhesion and invasion. Taken together our data suggests that the accumulation of FN is a key early event in vessel repair acting to promote secretion of collage VI enriched sEVs by VSMCs. These sEVs stimulate migration and invasion by triggering peripheral focal adhesion formation and actomyosin contraction to exert sufficient traction forces to enable VSMC movement within the complex vascular ECM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kapustin
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Sofia Serena Tsakali
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Meredith Whitehead
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - George Chennell
- Wohl Cellular Imaging Centre, King’s College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9NU
| | - Meng-Ying Wu
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Chris Molenaar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
| | - Anton Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation
| | - Leo Bogdanov
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Sinitsky
- Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Rubina
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis and Tissue Reparation, Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosovsky av. 27-1, Moscow, 119991, Russia, tel/fax +74959329904
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Microenvironment Research Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Tenovus Building, Cardiff, UK, CF14 2XN
| | - Frederik J Verweij
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Biophysics, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simona Zingaro
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Arseniy Lobov
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretskiy Prospekt, 194064, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bozhana Zainullina
- Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies, Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dylan Owen
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Mathematics and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Richard E. Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Derek Warren
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7TJ
| | - Martin James Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Engineering Building, Mile End Road, E1 4NS
| | - Mark Holt
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK, Tel. 020 7848 5221, FAX 020 7848 5193
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2
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Kumar S, Stainer A, Dubrulle J, Simpkins C, Cooper JA. Cas phosphorylation regulates focal adhesion assembly. eLife 2023; 12:e90234. [PMID: 37489578 PMCID: PMC10435235 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell attachment rapidly induces tyrosine kinase signaling. Despite years of research, the role of this signaling in integrin activation and focal adhesion assembly is unclear. We provide evidence that the Src-family kinase (SFK) substrate Cas (Crk-associated substrate, p130Cas, BCAR1) is phosphorylated and associated with its Crk/CrkL effectors in clusters that are precursors of focal adhesions. The initial phospho-Cas clusters contain integrin β1 in its inactive, bent closed, conformation. Later, phospho-Cas and total Cas levels decrease as integrin β1 is activated and core focal adhesion proteins including vinculin, talin, kindlin, and paxillin are recruited. Cas is required for cell spreading and focal adhesion assembly in epithelial and fibroblast cells on collagen and fibronectin. Cas cluster formation requires Cas, Crk/CrkL, SFKs, and Rac1 but not vinculin. Rac1 provides positive feedback onto Cas through reactive oxygen, opposed by negative feedback from the ubiquitin proteasome system. The results suggest a two-step model for focal adhesion assembly in which clusters of phospho-Cas, effectors and inactive integrin β1 grow through positive feedback prior to integrin activation and recruitment of core focal adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
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3
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Huet-Calderwood C, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Calderwood DA. Use of Ecto-Tagged Integrins to Monitor Integrin Exocytosis and Endocytosis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:17-38. [PMID: 36653699 PMCID: PMC9999384 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlled exocytosis and endocytosis of integrin adhesion receptors is required for normal cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. In this chapter, we describe the design of functional β1 integrins carrying extracellular fluorescent or chemically traceable tags (ecto-tag) and methods for their use to image β1 integrin trafficking in cells. We provide approaches to generate cells in which endogenous β1 integrins are replaced by ecto-tagged integrins containing a pH-sensitive fluorophore pHluorin or a HaloTag and describe strategies using photobleaching, selective extracellular/intracellular labeling, and chase, quenching, and blocking to reveal β1 integrin exocytosis, endocytosis, and recycling by live total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Huet-Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Departments of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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4
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Lolo FN, Pavón DM, Grande-García A, Elosegui-Artola A, Segatori VI, Sánchez S, Trepat X, Roca-Cusachs P, del Pozo MA. Caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin recycling and activation. eLife 2022; 11:e82348. [PMID: 36264062 PMCID: PMC9747151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are subjected to multiple mechanical inputs throughout their lives. Their ability to detect these environmental cues is called mechanosensing, a process in which integrins play an important role. During cellular mechanosensing, plasma membrane (PM) tension is adjusted to mechanical stress through the buffering action of caveolae; however, little is known about the role of caveolae in early integrin mechanosensing regulation. Here, we show that Cav1KO fibroblasts increase adhesion to FN-coated beads when pulled with magnetic tweezers, as compared to wild type fibroblasts. This phenotype is Rho-independent and mainly derived from increased active β1-integrin content on the surface of Cav1KO fibroblasts. Florescence recovery after photobleaching analysis and endocytosis/recycling assays revealed that active β1-integrin is mostly endocytosed through the clathrin independent carrier/glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-enriched endocytic compartment pathway and is more rapidly recycled to the PM in Cav1KO fibroblasts, in a Rab4 and PM tension-dependent manner. Moreover, the threshold for PM tension-driven β1-integrin activation is lower in Cav1KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) than in wild type MEFs, through a mechanism dependent on talin activity. Our findings suggest that caveolae couple mechanical stress to integrin cycling and activation, thereby regulating the early steps of the cellular mechanosensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidel-Nicolás Lolo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Dácil María Pavón
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Araceli Grande-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | | | - Valeria Inés Segatori
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Sara Sánchez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of CataloniaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Miguel A del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones CardiovascularesMadridSpain
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5
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Hight-Warburton W, Felix R, Burton A, Maple H, Chegkazi MS, Steiner RA, McGrath JA, Parsons M. α4/α9 Integrins Coordinate Epithelial Cell Migration Through Local Suppression of MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750771. [PMID: 34900996 PMCID: PMC8655878 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of basal keratinocytes to the underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in the control of skin homeostasis and response to injury. Integrin receptors indirectly link the ECM to the cell cytoskeleton through large protein complexes called focal adhesions (FA). FA also function as intracellular biochemical signaling platforms to enable cells to respond to changing extracellular cues. The α4β1 and α9β1 integrins are both expressed in basal keratinocytes, share some common ECM ligands, and have been shown to promote wound healing in vitro and in vivo. However, their roles in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and relative contributions to pathological processes in the skin remain unclear. We found that α4β1 and α9β1 occupied distinct regions in monolayers of a basal keratinocyte cell line (NEB-1). During collective cell migration (CCM), α4 and α9 integrins co-localized along the leading edge. Pharmacological inhibition of α4β1 and α9β1 integrins increased keratinocyte proliferation and induced a dramatic change in cytoskeletal remodeling and FA rearrangement, detrimentally affecting CCM. Further analysis revealed that α4β1/α9β1 integrins suppress extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activity to control migration through the regulation of downstream kinases including Mitogen and Stress Activated Kinase 1 (MSK1). This work demonstrates the roles of α4β1 and α9β1 in regulating migration in response to damage cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willow Hight-Warburton
- Parsons Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Magda S Chegkazi
- Steiner Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto A Steiner
- Steiner Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - John A McGrath
- St Johns Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Parsons Group, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Cai C, Sun H, Hu L, Fan Z. Visualization of integrin molecules by fluorescence imaging and techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:229-257. [PMID: 34219865 PMCID: PMC8249084 DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2021.014338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrin molecules are transmembrane αβ heterodimers involved in cell adhesion, trafficking, and signaling. Upon activation, integrins undergo dynamic conformational changes that regulate their affinity to ligands. The physiological functions and activation mechanisms of integrins have been heavily discussed in previous studies and reviews, but the fluorescence imaging techniques -which are powerful tools for biological studies- have not. Here we review the fluorescence labeling methods, imaging techniques, as well as Förster resonance energy transfer assays used to study integrin expression, localization, activation, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cai
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- Cardiovascular Institute of Zhengzhou University, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, 06030, USA
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7
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Castro-Córdova P, Mora-Uribe P, Reyes-Ramírez R, Cofré-Araneda G, Orozco-Aguilar J, Brito-Silva C, Mendoza-León MJ, Kuehne SA, Minton NP, Pizarro-Guajardo M, Paredes-Sabja D. Entry of spores into intestinal epithelial cells contributes to recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1140. [PMID: 33602902 PMCID: PMC7893008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21355-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile spores produced during infection are important for the recurrence of the disease. Here, we show that C. difficile spores gain entry into the intestinal mucosa via pathways dependent on host fibronectin-α5β1 and vitronectin-αvβ1. The exosporium protein BclA3, on the spore surface, is required for both entry pathways. Deletion of the bclA3 gene in C. difficile, or pharmacological inhibition of endocytosis using nystatin, leads to reduced entry into the intestinal mucosa and reduced recurrence of the disease in a mouse model. Our findings indicate that C. difficile spore entry into the intestinal barrier can contribute to spore persistence and infection recurrence, and suggest potential avenues for new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Castro-Córdova
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Mora-Uribe
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Reyes-Ramírez
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Glenda Cofré-Araneda
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josué Orozco-Aguilar
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Brito-Silva
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Mendoza-León
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah A Kuehne
- School of Dentistry and Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nigel P Minton
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel Paredes-Sabja
- Microbiota-Host Interactions and Clostridia Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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8
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Rahman I, Collado Sánchez A, Davies J, Rzeniewicz K, Abukscem S, Joachim J, Hoskins Green HL, Killock D, Sanz MJ, Charras G, Parsons M, Ivetic A. L-selectin regulates human neutrophil transendothelial migration. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.250340. [PMID: 33408247 PMCID: PMC7888707 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of circulating neutrophils towards damaged or infected tissue is absolutely critical to the inflammatory response. L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule abundantly expressed on circulating neutrophils. For over two decades, neutrophil L-selectin has been assigned the exclusive role of supporting tethering and rolling – the initial stages of the multi-step adhesion cascade. Here, we provide direct evidence for L-selectin contributing to neutrophil transendothelial migration (TEM). We show that L-selectin co-clusters with PECAM-1 – a well-characterised cell adhesion molecule involved in regulating neutrophil TEM. This co-clustering behaviour occurs specifically during TEM, which serves to augment ectodomain shedding of L-selectin and expedite the time taken for TEM (TTT) to complete. Blocking PECAM-1 signalling (through mutation of its cytoplasmic tail), PECAM-1-dependent adhesion or L-selectin shedding, leads to a significant delay in the TTT. Finally, we show that co-clustering of L-selectin with PECAM-1 occurs specifically across TNF- but not IL-1β-activated endothelial monolayers – implying unique adhesion interactomes forming in a cytokine-specific manner. To our knowledge, this is the first report to implicate a non-canonical role for L-selectin in regulating neutrophil TEM. Highlighted Article: Neutrophil L-selectin co-clusters with PECAM-1 in cis during transendothelial migration (TEM). Clustering neutrophil PECAM-1 activates p38 MAPK and JNK to regulate L-selectin shedding, which in turn expedites TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izajur Rahman
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Aida Collado Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology and Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jessica Davies
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Karolina Rzeniewicz
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sarah Abukscem
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Justin Joachim
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Hannah L Hoskins Green
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - David Killock
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Maria Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology and Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Av. Menéndez Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
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9
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Lakoduk AM, Kadlecova Z, Schmid SL. A functionally neutral single chain antibody to measure beta-1 integrin uptake and recycling. Traffic 2020; 21:590-602. [PMID: 32613646 PMCID: PMC7442622 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrin‐mediated cell adhesion and signaling are critical for many physiological processes. The dynamic turnover of integrins and their associated adhesion complexes through endocytic and recycling pathways has emerged as an important mechanism for controlling cell migration and invasion in cancer. Thus, the regulation of integrin trafficking and how this may be altered by disease‐specific molecular mechanisms has generated considerable interest. However, current tools available to study integrin trafficking may cause artifacts and/or do not provide adequate kinetic information. Here, we report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent single chain antibody to quantitatively and qualitatively measure β1 integrin trafficking in cells. Our novel probe can be used in a variety of assays and allows for the biochemical characterization of rapid recycling of endogenous integrins. We also demonstrate its potential utility in live cell imaging, providing proof of principle to guide future integrin probe design. The dynamic turnover of integrins through endocytic trafficking pathways has emerged as a key mechanism for cell migration and invasion. Lakoduk et al. report the generation of a functionally neutral and monovalent antibody‐based probe to track and measure endogenous beta‐1 integrin uptake and fast recycling in multiple cell types. Their tool, scFvK20, serves as proof of principle inspiration for future integrin probe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zuzana Kadlecova
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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10
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Tu-Sekine B, Padhi A, Jin S, Kalyan S, Singh K, Apperson M, Kapania R, Hur SC, Nain A, Kim SF. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase is a metformin target that regulates cell migration. FASEB J 2019; 33:14137-14146. [PMID: 31657647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900717rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been shown to alter cell adhesion protein expression, which is thought to play a role in its observed antitumor properties. We found that metformin treatment down-regulated integrin β1 concomitant with the loss of inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) in murine myocytes, adipocytes, and hepatocytes. To determine if IPMK was upstream of integrin β1 expression, we examined IPMK-/- mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and found that integrins β1 and β3 gene expression was reduced by half, relative to wild-type cells, whereas focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity and Rho/Rac/Cdc42 protein levels were increased, resulting in migration defects. Using nanonet force microscopy, we determined that cell:extracellular matrix adhesion and cell contractility forces were decreased, confirming the functional relevance of integrin and Rho protein dysregulation. Pharmacological studies showed that inhibition of both FAK1 and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 partially restored integrin β1 expression, suggesting negative regulation of integrin β1 by FAK. Together our data indicate that IPMK participates in the regulation of cell migration and provides a potential link between metformin and wound healing impairment.-Tu-Sekine, B., Padhi, A., Jin, S., Kalyan, S., Singh, K., Apperson, M., Kapania, R., Hur, S. C., Nain, A., Kim, S. F. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase is a metformin target that regulates cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Tu-Sekine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Abinash Padhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Sunghee Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Srivathsan Kalyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karanpreet Singh
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew Apperson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Rakesh Kapania
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amrinder Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Sangwon F Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Newe A, Rzeniewicz K, König M, Schroer CFE, Joachim J, Rey-Gallardo A, Marrink SJ, Deka J, Parsons M, Ivetic A. Serine Phosphorylation of L-Selectin Regulates ERM Binding, Clustering, and Monocyte Protrusion in Transendothelial Migration. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2227. [PMID: 31608057 PMCID: PMC6774396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration of circulating leukocytes toward damaged tissue is absolutely fundamental to the inflammatory response, and transendothelial migration (TEM) describes the first cellular barrier that is breached in this process. Human CD14+ inflammatory monocytes express L-selectin, bestowing a non-canonical role in invasion during TEM. In vivo evidence supports a role for L-selectin in regulating TEM and chemotaxis, but the intracellular mechanism is poorly understood. The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins anchor transmembrane proteins to the cortical actin-based cytoskeleton and additionally act as signaling adaptors. During TEM, the L-selectin tail within transmigrating pseudopods interacts first with ezrin to transduce signals for protrusion, followed by moesin to drive ectodomain shedding of L-selectin to limit protrusion. Collectively, interaction of L-selectin with ezrin and moesin fine-tunes monocyte protrusive behavior in TEM. Using FLIM/FRET approaches, we show that ERM binding is absolutely required for outside-in L-selectin clustering. The cytoplasmic tail of human L-selectin contains two serine (S) residues at positions 364 and 367, and here we show that they play divergent roles in regulating ERM binding. Phospho-S364 blocks direct interaction with ERM, whereas molecular modeling suggests phospho-S367 likely drives desorption of the L-selectin tail from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to potentiate ERM binding. Serine-to-alanine mutagenesis of S367, but not S364, significantly reduced monocyte protrusive behavior in TEM under flow conditions. Our data propose a model whereby L-selectin tail desorption from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and ERM binding are two separable steps that collectively regulate protrusive behavior in TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Newe
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Rzeniewicz
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie König
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carsten F E Schroer
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Justin Joachim
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Rey-Gallardo
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siewert J Marrink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Deka
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Soto-Ribeiro M, Kastberger B, Bachmann M, Azizi L, Fouad K, Jacquier MC, Boettiger D, Bouvard D, Bastmeyer M, Hytönen VP, Wehrle-Haller B. β1D integrin splice variant stabilizes integrin dynamics and reduces integrin signaling by limiting paxillin recruitment. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.224493. [PMID: 30890648 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.224493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodimeric integrin receptors control cell adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix assembly. While the α integrin subunit determines extracellular ligand specificity, the β integrin chain binds to an acidic residue of the ligand, and cytoplasmic adapter protein families such as talins, kindlins and paxillin, to form mechanosensing cell matrix adhesions. Alternative splicing of the β1 integrin cytoplasmic tail creates ubiquitously expressed β1A, and the heart and skeletal muscle-specific β1D form. To study the physiological difference between these forms, we developed fluorescent β1 integrins and analyzed their dynamics, localization, and cytoplasmic adapter recruitment and effects on cell proliferation. On fibronectin, GFP-tagged β1A integrin showed dynamic exchange in peripheral focal adhesions, and long, central fibrillar adhesions. In contrast, GFP-β1D integrins exchanged slowly, forming immobile and short central adhesions. While adhesion recruitment of GFP-β1A integrin was sensitive to C-terminal tail mutagenesis, GFP-β1D integrin was recruited independently of the distal NPXY motif. In addition, a P786A mutation in the proximal, talin-binding NPXY783 motif switched β1D to a highly dynamic integrin. In contrast, the inverse A786P mutation in β1A integrin interfered with paxillin recruitment and proliferation. Thus, differential β1 integrin splicing controls integrin-dependent adhesion signaling, to adapt to the specific physiological needs of differentiated muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martinho Soto-Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Kastberger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bachmann
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kenza Fouad
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Jacquier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - David Boettiger
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bouvard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Bioscience, INSERM U823, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Bernhard Wehrle-Haller
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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13
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Almouemen N, Kelly HM, O'Leary C. Tissue Engineering: Understanding the Role of Biomaterials and Biophysical Forces on Cell Functionality Through Computational and Structural Biotechnology Analytical Methods. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:591-598. [PMID: 31080565 PMCID: PMC6502738 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the past 25 years, tissue engineering (TE) has grown enormously as a science and as an industry. Although classically concerned with the recapitulation of tissue and organ formation in our body for regenerative medicine, the evolution of TE research is intertwined with progress in other fields through the examination of cell function and behaviour in isolated biomimetic microenvironments. As such, TE applications now extend beyond the field of tissue regeneration research, operating as a platform for modifiable, physiologically-representative in vitro models with the potential to improve the translation of novel therapeutics into the clinic through a more informed understanding of the relevant molecular biology, structural biology, anatomy, and physiology. By virtue of their biomimicry, TE constructs incorporate features of extracellular macrostructure, molecular adhesive moieties, and biomechanical properties, converging with computational and structural biotechnology advances. Accordingly, this mini-review serves to contextualise TE for the computational and structural biotechnology reader and provides an outlook on how the disciplines overlap with respect to relevant advanced analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Almouemen
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Helena M. Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cian O'Leary
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Galbraith CG, Davidson MW, Galbraith JA. Coupling integrin dynamics to cellular adhesion behaviors. Biol Open 2018; 7:7/8/bio036806. [PMID: 30111545 PMCID: PMC6124568 DOI: 10.1242/bio.036806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualizing fluorescent proteins is essential for understanding cellular function. While advances in microscopy can now resolve individual molecules, determining whether the labeled molecules report native behaviors and how the measured behaviors can be coupled to cellular outputs remains challenging. Here, we used integrin alpha-beta heterodimers - which connect extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton - to quantify the mobility and conformation of labeled integrins. We found that while unlabeled and labeled integrins all localized to adhesions and support anchorage-dependent cell function, integrin mobility decreased when the beta rather than the alpha subunit was labeled. In contrast to unlabeled and alpha labeled subunits, beta labeled subunits changed cellular behavior; decreasing protrusive activity and increasing adhesion size and the extent of cell spreading. Labeling the beta subunit changed the integrin conformation, extending the molecule and exposing an epitope that is revealed by activation with Mn2+ treatment. Our findings indicate labeling induced changes in dynamic integrin behavior alter molecular conformation as well as cellular adhesion-dependent function to demonstrate a coupling between molecular inputs and distinct cellular outputs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Galbraith
- Oregon Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Michael W Davidson
- National High Magnet Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - James A Galbraith
- Oregon Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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15
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Rey-Gallardo A, Tomlins H, Joachim J, Rahman I, Kitscha P, Frudd K, Parsons M, Ivetic A. Sequential binding of ezrin and moesin to L-selectin regulates monocyte protrusive behaviour during transendothelial migration. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.215541. [PMID: 29777033 PMCID: PMC6051341 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.215541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) is absolutely fundamental to the inflammatory response, and involves initial pseudopod protrusion and subsequent polarised migration across inflamed endothelium. Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) proteins are expressed in leukocytes and mediate cell shape changes and polarity. The spatio-temporal organisation of ERM proteins with their targets, and their individual contribution to protrusion during TEM, has never been explored. Here, we show that blocking binding of moesin to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) reduces its C-terminal phosphorylation during monocyte TEM, and that on–off cycling of ERM activity is essential for pseudopod protrusion into the subendothelial space. Reactivation of ERM proteins within transmigrated pseudopods re-establishes their binding to targets, such as L-selectin. Knockdown of ezrin, but not moesin, severely impaired the recruitment of monocytes to activated endothelial monolayers under flow, suggesting that this protein plays a unique role in the early recruitment process. Ezrin binds preferentially to L-selectin in resting cells and during early TEM. The moesin–L-selectin interaction increases within transmigrated pseudopods as TEM proceeds, facilitating localised L-selectin ectodomain shedding. In contrast, a non-cleavable L-selectin mutant binds selectively to ezrin, driving multi-pseudopodial extensions. Taken together, these results show that ezrin and moesin play mutually exclusive roles in modulating L-selectin signalling and shedding to control protrusion dynamics and polarity during monocyte TEM. Summary: Ezrin and moesin co-ordinate binding to L-selectin in monocytes to, respectively, regulate pseudopod protrusion and ectodomain shedding during transendothelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rey-Gallardo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Hannah Tomlins
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Justin Joachim
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Izajur Rahman
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Phoebe Kitscha
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Karen Frudd
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, 125 Coldharbour Lane, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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16
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Sambrano J, Chigaev A, Nichani KS, Smagley Y, Sklar LA, Houston JP. Evaluating integrin activation with time-resolved flow cytometry. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 29992797 PMCID: PMC6232766 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.7.075004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) continues to be a useful tool to study movement and interaction between proteins within living cells. When FRET as an optical technique is measured with flow cytometry, conformational changes of proteins can be rapidly measured cell-by-cell for the benefit of screening and profiling. We exploit FRET to study the extent of activation of α4β1 integrin dimers expressed on the surface of leukocytes. The stalk-like transmembrane heterodimers when not active lay bent and upon activation extend outward. Integrin extension is determined by changes in the distance of closest approach between an FRET donor and acceptor, bound at the integrin head and cell membrane, respectively. Time-resolved flow cytometry analysis revealed donor emission increases up to 17%, fluorescence lifetime shifts over 1.0 ns during activation, and FRET efficiencies of 37% and 26% corresponding to the inactive and active integrin state, respectively. Last, a graphical phasor analysis, including population clustering, gating, and formation of an FRET trajectory, added precision to a comparative analysis of populations undergoing FRET, partial donor recovery, and complete donor recovery. This work establishes a quantitative cytometric approach for profiling fluorescence donor decay kinetics during integrin conformational changes on a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Sambrano
- New Mexico State University, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- University of New Mexico, School of Medicine and Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kapil S. Nichani
- New Mexico State University, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
| | - Yelena Smagley
- University of New Mexico, School of Medicine and Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Larry A. Sklar
- University of New Mexico, School of Medicine and Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Jessica P. Houston
- New Mexico State University, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Jessica P. Houston, E-mail:
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17
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Tsunoyama TA, Watanabe Y, Goto J, Naito K, Kasai RS, Suzuki KGN, Fujiwara TK, Kusumi A. Super-long single-molecule tracking reveals dynamic-anchorage-induced integrin function. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:497-506. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Huet-Calderwood C, Rivera-Molina F, Iwamoto DV, Kromann EB, Toomre D, Calderwood DA. Novel ecto-tagged integrins reveal their trafficking in live cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:570. [PMID: 28924207 PMCID: PMC5603536 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are abundant heterodimeric cell-surface adhesion receptors essential in multicellular organisms. Integrin function is dynamically modulated by endo-exocytic trafficking, however, major mysteries remain about where, when, and how this occurs in living cells. To address this, here we report the generation of functional recombinant β1 integrins with traceable tags inserted in an extracellular loop. We demonstrate that these ‘ecto-tagged’ integrins are cell-surface expressed, localize to adhesions, exhibit normal integrin activation, and restore adhesion in β1 integrin knockout fibroblasts. Importantly, β1 integrins containing an extracellular pH-sensitive pHluorin tag allow direct visualization of integrin exocytosis in live cells and revealed targeted delivery of integrin vesicles to focal adhesions. Further, using β1 integrins containing a HaloTag in combination with membrane-permeant and -impermeant Halo dyes allows imaging of integrin endocytosis and recycling. Thus, ecto-tagged integrins provide novel powerful tools to characterize integrin function and trafficking. Integrins are cell-surface adhesion receptors that are modulated by endo-exocytic trafficking, but existing tools to study this process can interfere with function. Here the authors develop β1 integrins carrying traceable tags in the extracellular domain; a pH-sensitive pHlourin tag or a HaloTag to facilitate dye attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Huet-Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel V Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Emil B Kromann
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - David A Calderwood
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Talin has emerged as the key cytoplasmic protein that mediates integrin adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we draw on experiments performed in mammalian cells in culture and Drosophila to present evidence that talin is the most important component of integrin adhesion complexes. We describe how the properties of this adaptor protein enable it to orchestrate integrin adhesions. Talin forms the core of integrin adhesion complexes by linking integrins directly to actin, increasing the affinity of integrin for ligands (integrin activation) and recruiting numerous proteins. It regulates the strength of integrin adhesion, senses matrix rigidity, increases focal adhesion size in response to force and serves as a platform for the building of the adhesion structure. Finally, the mechano-sensitive structure of talin provides a paradigm for how proteins transduce mechanical signals to chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klapholz
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- Dept of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
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20
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Distinct ErbB2 receptor populations differentially interact with beta1 integrin in breast cancer cell models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174230. [PMID: 28306722 PMCID: PMC5357064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 is a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors that plays a major role in breast cancer progression. Located at the plasma membrane, ErbB2 forms large clusters in spite of the presence of growth factors. Beta1 integrin, membrane receptor of extracellular matrix proteins, regulates adhesion, migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Physical interaction between beta1 integrin and ErbB2 has been suggested although published data are contradictory. The aim of the present work was to study the interaction between ErbB2 and beta1 integrin in different scenarios of expression and activation. We determined that beta1 integrin and ErbB2 colocalization is dependent on the expression level of both receptors exclusively in adherent cells. In suspension cells, lack of focal adhesions leave integrins free to diffuse on the plasma membrane and interact with ErbB2 even at low expression levels of both receptors. In adherent cells, high expression of beta1 integrin leaves unbound receptors outside focal complexes that diffuse within the plasma membrane and interact with ErbB2 membrane domains. Superresolution imaging showed the existence of two distinct populations of ErbB2: a major population located in large clusters and a minor population outside these structures. Upon ErbB2 overexpression, receptors outside large clusters can freely diffuse at the membrane and interact with integrins. These results reveal how expression levels of beta1 integrin and ErbB2 determine their frequency of colocalization and show that extracellular matrix proteins shape membrane clusters distribution, regulating ErbB2 and beta1 integrin activity in breast cancer cells.
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21
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Margiotta A, Progida C, Bakke O, Bucci C. Rab7a regulates cell migration through Rac1 and vimentin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:367-381. [PMID: 27888097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rab7a, a small GTPase of the Rab family, is localized to late endosomes and controls late endocytic trafficking. The discovery of several Rab7a interacting proteins revealed that Rab7a function is closely connected to cytoskeletal elements. Indeed, Rab7a recruits on vesicles RILP and FYCO that are responsible for the movement of Rab7a-positive vesicles and/or organelles on microtubule tracks, but also directly interacts with Rac1, a fundamental regulator of actin cytoskeleton, and with peripherin and vimentin, two intermediate filament proteins. Considering all these interactions and, in particular, the fact that Rac1 and vimentin are key factors for cellular motility, we investigated a possible role of Rab7a in cell migration. We show here that Rab7a is needed for cell migration as Rab7a depletion causes slower migration of NCI H1299 cells affecting cell velocity and directness. Rab7a depletion negatively affects adhesion and spreading onto fibronectin substrates, altering β1-integrin activation, localization and intracellular trafficking, and myosin X localization. In fact, Rab7a-depleted cells show 40% less filopodia and active integrin accumulates at the leading edge of migrating cells. Furthermore, Rab7a depletion decreases the amount of active Rac1 but not its abundance and reduces the number of cells with vimentin filaments facing the wound, indicating that Rab7a has a role in the orientation of vimentin filaments during migration. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a key role of Rab7a in the regulation of different aspects of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Margiotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, (DiSTeBA) University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, (DiSTeBA) University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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22
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Mould AP, Askari JA, Byron A, Takada Y, Jowitt TA, Humphries MJ. Ligand-induced Epitope Masking: DISSOCIATION OF INTEGRIN α5β1-FIBRONECTIN COMPLEXES ONLY BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH AN ALLOSTERIC MODE OF ACTION. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20993-21007. [PMID: 27484800 PMCID: PMC5076510 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing ligand-mimetic inhibitors of integrins are unable to dissociate pre-formed integrin-fibronectin complexes (IFCs). These observations suggested that amino acid residues involved in integrin-fibronectin binding become obscured in the ligand-occupied state. Because the epitopes of some function-blocking anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lie near the ligand-binding pocket, it follows that the epitopes of these mAbs may become shielded in the ligand-occupied state. Here, we tested whether function-blocking mAbs directed against α5β1 can interact with the integrin after it forms a complex with an RGD-containing fragment of fibronectin. We showed that the anti-α5 subunit mAbs JBS5, SNAKA52, 16, and P1D6 failed to disrupt IFCs and hence appeared unable to bind to the ligand-occupied state. In contrast, the allosteric anti-β1 subunit mAbs 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 could dissociate IFCs and therefore were able to interact with the ligand-bound state. However, another class of function-blocking anti-β1 mAbs, exemplified by Lia1/2, could not disrupt IFCs. This second class of mAbs was also distinguished from 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 by their ability to induce homotypic cell aggregation. Although the epitope of Lia1/2 was closely overlapping with those of 13, 4B4, and AIIB2, it appeared to lie closer to the ligand-binding pocket. A new model of the α5β1-fibronectin complex supports our hypothesis that the epitopes of mAbs that fail to bind to the ligand-occupied state lie within, or very close to, the integrin-fibronectin interface. Importantly, our findings imply that the efficacy of some therapeutic anti-integrin mAbs could be limited by epitope masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paul Mould
- From the Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility and
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Byron
- the Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- the Department of Vascular Biology, VB-1, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom,
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23
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King SJ, Asokan SB, Haynes EM, Zimmerman SP, Rotty JD, Alb JG, Tagliatela A, Blake DR, Lebedeva IP, Marston D, Johnson HE, Parsons M, Sharpless NE, Kuhlman B, Haugh JM, Bear JE. Lamellipodia are crucial for haptotactic sensing and response. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2329-42. [PMID: 27173494 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.184507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptotaxis is the process by which cells respond to gradients of substrate-bound cues, such as extracellular matrix proteins (ECM); however, the cellular mechanism of this response remains poorly understood and has mainly been studied by comparing cell behavior on uniform ECMs with different concentrations of components. To study haptotaxis in response to gradients, we utilized microfluidic chambers to generate gradients of the ECM protein fibronectin, and imaged the cell migration response. Lamellipodia are fan-shaped protrusions that are common in migrating cells. Here, we define a new function for lamellipodia and the cellular mechanism required for haptotaxis - differential actin and lamellipodial protrusion dynamics lead to biased cell migration. Modest differences in lamellipodial dynamics occurring over time periods of seconds to minutes are summed over hours to produce differential whole cell movement towards higher concentrations of fibronectin. We identify a specific subset of lamellipodia regulators as being crucial for haptotaxis. Numerous studies have linked components of this pathway to cancer metastasis and, consistent with this, we find that expression of the oncogenic Rac1 P29S mutation abrogates haptotaxis. Finally, we show that haptotaxis also operates through this pathway in 3D environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J King
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sreeja B Asokan
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Haynes
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Seth P Zimmerman
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeremy D Rotty
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James G Alb
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Alicia Tagliatela
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Devon R Blake
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Irina P Lebedeva
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel Marston
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Heath E Johnson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Maddy Parsons
- King's College London, Randall Institute, London SE1 8RT, UK
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian Kuhlman
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - James E Bear
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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24
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Ratcliffe CDH, Sahgal P, Parachoniak CA, Ivaska J, Park M. Regulation of Cell Migration and β1 Integrin Trafficking by the Endosomal Adaptor GGA3. Traffic 2016; 17:670-88. [PMID: 26935970 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The integrin family of cell adhesion receptors link extracellular matrices to intracellular signaling pathways and the actin cytoskeleton; and regulate cell migration, proliferation and survival in normal and diseased tissues. The subcellular location of integrin receptors is critical for their function and deregulated trafficking is implicated in various human diseases. Here we identify a role for Golgi-localized gamma-ear containing Arf-binding protein 3 (GGA3), in regulating trafficking of β1 integrin. GGA3 knockdown reduces cell surface and total levels of α2, α5 and β1 integrin subunits, inhibits cell spreading, reduces focal adhesion number, as well as cell migration. In the absence of GGA3, integrins are increasingly retained inside the cell, traffic toward the perinuclear lysosomal compartment and their degradation is enhanced. Integrin traffic and maintenance of integrin levels are dependent on the integrity of the Arf binding site of GGA3. Furthermore, sorting nexin 17 (SNX17), a critical regulator of integrin recycling, becomes mislocalized to enlarged late endosomes upon GGA3 depletion. These data support a model whereby GGA3, through its ability to regulate SNX17 endosomal localization and through interaction with Arf6 diverts integrins from the degradative pathway supporting cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin D H Ratcliffe
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Christine A Parachoniak
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, 20500, Finland
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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25
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Abstract
The light chains (KLCs) of the microtubule motor kinesin-1 bind cargoes and regulate its activity. Through their tetratricopeptide repeat domain (KLC(TPR)), they can recognize short linear peptide motifs found in many cargo proteins characterized by a central tryptophan flanked by aspartic/glutamic acid residues (W-acidic). Using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor in combination with X-ray crystallographic, biochemical, and biophysical approaches, we describe how an intramolecular interaction between the KLC2(TPR) domain and a conserved peptide motif within an unstructured region of the molecule, partly occludes the W-acidic binding site on the TPR domain. Cargo binding displaces this interaction, effecting a global conformational change in KLCs resulting in a more extended conformation. Thus, like the motor-bearing kinesin heavy chains, KLCs exist in a dynamic conformational state that is regulated by self-interaction and cargo binding. We propose a model by which, via this molecular switch, W-acidic cargo binding regulates the activity of the holoenzyme.
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26
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De Franceschi N, Arjonen A, Elkhatib N, Denessiouk K, Wrobel AG, Wilson TA, Pouwels J, Montagnac G, Owen DJ, Ivaska J. Selective integrin endocytosis is driven by interactions between the integrin α-chain and AP2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:172-9. [PMID: 26779610 PMCID: PMC5130146 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric cell-surface adhesion molecules comprising one of 18 possible α-chains and one of eight possible β-chains. They control a range of cell functions in a matrix- and ligand-specific manner. Integrins can be internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) through β subunit-based motifs found in all integrin heterodimers. However, whether specific integrin heterodimers can be selectively endocytosed was unknown. Here, we found that a subset of α subunits contain an evolutionarily conserved and functional YxxΦ motif directing integrins to selective internalization by the most abundant endocytic clathrin adaptor, AP2. We determined the structure of the human integrin α4-tail motif in complex with the AP2 C-μ2 subunit and confirmed the interaction by isothermal titration calorimetry. Mutagenesis of the motif impaired selective heterodimer endocytosis and attenuated integrin-mediated cell migration. We propose that integrins evolved to enable selective integrin-receptor turnover in response to changing matrix conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antti Arjonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nadia Elkhatib
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1170, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Antoni G Wrobel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A Wilson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeroen Pouwels
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1170, Villejuif, France
| | - David J Owen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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27
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Villari G, Jayo A, Zanet J, Fitch B, Serrels B, Frame M, Stramer BM, Goult BT, Parsons M. A direct interaction between fascin and microtubules contributes to adhesion dynamics and cell migration. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4601-14. [PMID: 26542021 PMCID: PMC4696496 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an actin-binding and bundling protein that is highly upregulated in most epithelial cancers. Fascin promotes cell migration and adhesion dynamics in vitro and tumour cell metastasis in vivo. However, potential non-actin bundling roles for fascin remain unknown. Here, we show for the first time that fascin can directly interact with the microtubule cytoskeleton and that this does not depend upon fascin-actin bundling. Microtubule binding contributes to fascin-dependent control of focal adhesion dynamics and cell migration speed. We also show that fascin forms a complex with focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) and Src, and that this signalling pathway lies downstream of fascin-microtubule association in the control of adhesion stability. These findings shed light on new non actin-dependent roles for fascin and might have implications for the design of therapies to target fascin in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Villari
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jennifer Zanet
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5547, Centre de Biologie du Développement, Toulouse F-31062, France
| | - Briana Fitch
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Margaret Frame
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Brian M Stramer
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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28
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Mutually Exclusive Roles of SHARPIN in Integrin Inactivation and NF-κB Signaling. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143423. [PMID: 26600301 PMCID: PMC4658161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SHANK-associated RH domain interactor (SHARPIN) inhibits integrins through interaction with the integrin α-subunit. In addition, SHARPIN enhances nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activity as a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). However, it is currently unclear how regulation of these seemingly different roles is coordinated. Here, we show that SHARPIN binds integrin and LUBAC in a mutually exclusive manner. We map the integrin binding site on SHARPIN to the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain, the same domain implicated in SHARPIN interaction with LUBAC component RNF31 (ring finger protein 31), and identify two SHARPIN residues (V267, L276) required for both integrin and RNF31 regulation. Accordingly, the integrin α-tail is capable of competing with RNF31 for SHARPIN binding in vitro. Importantly, the full SHARPIN RNF31-binding site contains residues (F263A/I272A) that are dispensable for SHARPIN-integrin interaction. Importantly, disrupting SHARPIN interaction with integrin or RNF31 abolishes SHARPIN-mediated regulation of integrin or NF-κB activity, respectively. Altogether these data suggest that the roles of SHARPIN in inhibiting integrin activity and supporting linear ubiquitination are (molecularly) distinct.
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29
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Duncan GA, Bevan MA. Computational design of nanoparticle drug delivery systems for selective targeting. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15332-15340. [PMID: 26332204 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03691g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ligand-functionalized nanoparticles capable of selectively binding to diseased versus healthy cell populations are attractive for improved efficacy of nanoparticle-based drug and gene therapies. However, nanoparticles functionalized with high affinity targeting ligands may lead to undesired off-target binding to healthy cells. In this work, Monte Carlo simulations were used to quantitatively determine net surface interactions, binding valency, and selectivity between targeted nanoparticles and cell surfaces. Dissociation constant, KD, and target membrane protein density, ρR, are explored over a range representative of healthy and cancerous cell surfaces. Our findings show highly selective binding to diseased cell surfaces can be achieved with multiple, weaker affinity targeting ligands that can be further optimized by varying the targeting ligand density, ρL. Using the approach developed in this work, nanomedicines can be optimally designed for exclusively targeting diseased cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Duncan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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30
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L-selectin shedding is activated specifically within transmigrating pseudopods of monocytes to regulate cell polarity in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1461-70. [PMID: 25775539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1417100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule that tethers free-flowing leukocytes from the blood to luminal vessel walls, facilitating the initial stages of their emigration from the circulation toward an extravascular inflammatory insult. Following shear-resistant adhesion to the vessel wall, L-selectin has frequently been reported to be rapidly cleaved from the plasma membrane (known as ectodomain shedding), with little knowledge of the timing or functional consequence of this event. Using advanced imaging techniques, we observe L-selectin shedding occurring exclusively as primary human monocytes actively engage in transendothelial migration (TEM). Moreover, the shedding was localized to transmigrating pseudopods within the subendothelial space. By capturing monocytes in midtransmigration, we could monitor the subcellular distribution of L-selectin and better understand how ectodomain shedding might contribute to TEM. Mechanistically, L-selectin loses association with calmodulin (CaM; a negative regulator of shedding) specifically within transmigrating pseudopods. In contrast, L-selectin/CaM interaction remained intact in nontransmigrated regions of monocytes. We show phosphorylation of L-selectin at Ser 364 is critical for CaM dissociation, which is also restricted to the transmigrating pseudopod. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of L-selectin shedding significantly increased pseudopodial extensions in transmigrating monocytes, which potentiated invasive behavior during TEM and prevented the establishment of front/back polarity for directional migration persistence once TEM was complete. We conclude that L-selectin shedding directly regulates polarity in transmigrated monocytes, which affirms an active role for this molecule in driving later stages of the multistep adhesion cascade.
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31
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Klapholz B, Herbert SL, Wellmann J, Johnson R, Parsons M, Brown NH. Alternative mechanisms for talin to mediate integrin function. Curr Biol 2015; 25:847-57. [PMID: 25754646 PMCID: PMC4386027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion is essential for building animals, promoting tissue cohesion, and enabling cells to migrate and resist mechanical force. Talin is an intracellular protein that is critical for linking integrin extracellular-matrix receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. A key question raised by structure-function studies is whether talin, which is critical for all integrin-mediated adhesion, acts in the same way in every context. We show that distinct combinations of talin domains are required for each of three different integrin functions during Drosophila development. The partial function of some mutant talins requires vinculin, indicating that recruitment of vinculin allows talin to duplicate its own activities. The different requirements are best explained by alternative mechanisms of talin function, with talin using one or both of its integrin-binding sites. We confirmed these alternatives by showing that the proximity between the second integrin-binding site and integrins differs, suggesting that talin adopts different orientations relative to integrins. Finally, we show that vinculin and actomyosin activity help change talin’s orientation. These findings demonstrate that the mechanism of talin function differs in each developmental context examined. The different arrangements of the talin molecule relative to integrins suggest that talin is able to sense different force vectors, either parallel or perpendicular to the membrane. This provides a paradigm for proteins whose apparent uniform function is in fact achieved by a variety of distinct mechanisms involving different molecular architectures. Integrin function requires distinct sets of talin domains in three different tissues Vinculin helps talin retain function when domains are removed Talin IBS2 is separated from integrins in muscle but not wing adhesion sites Vinculin and actomyosin contribute to separating IBS2 from integrins
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klapholz
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Samantha L Herbert
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Jutta Wellmann
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Robert Johnson
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Nicholas H Brown
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
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32
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Klingner C, Cherian AV, Fels J, Diesinger PM, Aufschnaiter R, Maghelli N, Keil T, Beck G, Tolić-Nørrelykke IM, Bathe M, Wedlich-Soldner R. Isotropic actomyosin dynamics promote organization of the apical cell cortex in epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 207:107-21. [PMID: 25313407 PMCID: PMC4195824 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201402037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apical membrane organization of nonconfluent epithelial cells is driven by a dynamic network of actin and myosin II filaments. Although cortical actin plays an important role in cellular mechanics and morphogenesis, there is surprisingly little information on cortex organization at the apical surface of cells. In this paper, we characterize organization and dynamics of microvilli (MV) and a previously unappreciated actomyosin network at the apical surface of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells. In contrast to short and static MV in confluent cells, the apical surfaces of nonconfluent epithelial cells (ECs) form highly dynamic protrusions, which are often oriented along the plane of the membrane. These dynamic MV exhibit complex and spatially correlated reorganization, which is dependent on myosin II activity. Surprisingly, myosin II is organized into an extensive network of filaments spanning the entire apical membrane in nonconfluent ECs. Dynamic MV, myosin filaments, and their associated actin filaments form an interconnected, prestressed network. Interestingly, this network regulates lateral mobility of apical membrane probes such as integrins or epidermal growth factor receptors, suggesting that coordinated actomyosin dynamics contributes to apical cell membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Klingner
- Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anoop V Cherian
- Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johannes Fels
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp M Diesinger
- Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Roland Aufschnaiter
- Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nicola Maghelli
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gisela Beck
- Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Iva M Tolić-Nørrelykke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mark Bathe
- Laboratory for Computational Biology & Biophysics, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Roland Wedlich-Soldner
- Cellular Dynamics and Cell Patterning and Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging and Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Simpson MA, Bradley WD, Harburger D, Parsons M, Calderwood DA, Koleske AJ. Direct interactions with the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail activate the Abl2/Arg kinase. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8360-72. [PMID: 25694433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric α/β extracellular matrix adhesion receptors that couple physically to the actin cytoskeleton and regulate kinase signaling pathways to control cytoskeletal remodeling and adhesion complex formation and disassembly. β1 integrins signal through the Abl2/Arg (Abl-related gene) nonreceptor tyrosine kinase to control fibroblast cell motility, neuronal dendrite morphogenesis and stability, and cancer cell invasiveness, but the molecular mechanisms by which integrin β1 activates Arg are unknown. We report here that the Arg kinase domain interacts directly with a lysine-rich membrane-proximal segment in the integrin β1 cytoplasmic tail, that Arg phosphorylates the membrane-proximal Tyr-783 in the β1 tail, and that the Arg Src homology domain then engages this phosphorylated region in the tail. We show that these interactions mediate direct binding between integrin β1 and Arg in vitro and in cells and activate Arg kinase activity. These findings provide a model for understanding how β1-containing integrins interact with and activate Abl family kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Simpson
- From the Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry
| | | | | | - Maddy Parsons
- the Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Kings College, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony J Koleske
- From the Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 and
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Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a grim prognosis with less than 5% survivors after 5 years. High expression levels of ADAM8, a metalloprotease-disintegrin, are correlated with poor clinical outcome. We show that ADAM8 expression is associated with increased migration and invasiveness of PDAC cells caused by activation of ERK 1/2 and higher MMP activities. For biological function, ADAM8 requires multimerisation and associates with β1-integrin on the cell surface. A peptidomimetic ADAM8 inhibitor, BK-1361, designed by structural modelling of the disintegrin domain, prevents ADAM8 multimerisation. In PDAC cells, BK-1361 affects ADAM8 function leading to reduced invasiveness, and less ERK 1/2 and MMP activation. BK-1361 application in mice decreased tumour burden and metastasis of implanted pancreatic tumour cells and provides improved metrics of clinical symptoms and survival in a KrasG12D-driven mouse model of PDAC. Thus, our data integrate ADAM8 in pancreatic cancer signalling and validate ADAM8 as a target for PDAC therapy.
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Ma L, Yang F, Zheng J. Application of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in protein studies. J Mol Struct 2014; 1077:87-100. [PMID: 25368432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the physical process of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) was elucidated more than six decades ago, this peculiar fluorescence phenomenon has turned into a powerful tool for biomedical research due to its compatibility in scale with biological molecules as well as rapid developments in novel fluorophores and optical detection techniques. A wide variety of FRET approaches have been devised, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Especially in the last decade or so, we are witnessing a flourish of FRET applications in biological investigations, many of which exemplify clever experimental design and rigorous analysis. Here we review the current stage of FRET methods development with the main focus on its applications in protein studies in biological systems, by summarizing the basic components of FRET techniques, most established quantification methods, as well as potential pitfalls, illustrated by example applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA ; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wilson E, Leszczynska K, Poulter NS, Edelmann F, Salisbury VA, Noy PJ, Bacon A, Rappoport JZ, Heath JK, Bicknell R, Heath VL. RhoJ interacts with the GIT-PIX complex and regulates focal adhesion disassembly. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3039-51. [PMID: 24928894 PMCID: PMC4106786 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoJ is a Rho GTPase expressed in endothelial cells and tumour cells, which regulates cell motility, invasion, endothelial tube formation and focal adhesion numbers. This study aimed to further delineate the molecular function of RhoJ. Using timelapse microscopy RhoJ was found to regulate focal adhesion disassembly; small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of RhoJ increased focal adhesion disassembly time, whereas expression of an active mutant (daRhoJ) decreased it. Furthermore, daRhoJ co-precipitated with the GIT–PIX complex, a regulator of focal adhesion disassembly. An interaction between daRhoJ and GIT1 was confirmed using yeast two-hybrid experiments, and this depended on the Spa homology domain of GIT1. GIT1, GIT2, β-PIX (also known as ARHGEF7) and RhoJ all colocalised in focal adhesions and depended on each other for their recruitment to focal adhesions. Functionally, the GIT–PIX complex regulated endothelial tube formation, with knockdown of both GIT1 and GIT2, or β-PIX phenocopying RhoJ knockdown. RhoJ-knockout mice showed reduced tumour growth and diminished tumour vessel density, identifying a role for RhoJ in mediating tumour angiogenesis. These studies give new insight into the molecular function of RhoJ in regulating cell motility and tumour vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Wilson
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Leszczynska
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Francesca Edelmann
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victoria A Salisbury
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J Noy
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrea Bacon
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - John K Heath
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victoria L Heath
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Brahme NN, Harburger DS, Kemp-O'Brien K, Stewart R, Raghavan S, Parsons M, Calderwood DA. Kindlin binds migfilin tandem LIM domains and regulates migfilin focal adhesion localization and recruitment dynamics. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:35604-16. [PMID: 24165133 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.483016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs), sites of tight adhesion to the extracellular matrix, are composed of clusters of transmembrane integrin adhesion receptors and intracellular proteins that link integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and signaling pathways. Two integrin-binding proteins present in FAs, kindlin-1 and kindlin-2, are important for integrin activation, FA formation, and signaling. Migfilin, originally identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen for kindlin-2-interacting proteins, is a LIM domain-containing adaptor protein found in FAs and implicated in control of cell adhesion, spreading, and migration. By binding filamin, migfilin provides a link between kindlin and the actin cytoskeleton. Here, using a combination of kindlin knockdown, biochemical pulldown assays, fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we have established that the C-terminal LIM domains of migfilin dictate its FA localization, shown that these domains mediate an interaction with kindlin in vitro and in cells, and demonstrated that kindlin is important for normal migfilin dynamics in cells. We also show that when the C-terminal LIM domain region is deleted, then the N-terminal filamin-binding region of the protein, which is capable of targeting migfilin to actin-rich stress fibers, is the predominant driver of migfilin localization. Our work details a correlation between migfilin domains that drive kindlin binding and those that drive FA localization as well as a kindlin dependence on migfilin FA recruitment and mobility. We therefore suggest that the kindlin interaction with migfilin LIM domains drives migfilin FA recruitment, localization, and mobility.
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Costa P, Scales TME, Ivaska J, Parsons M. Integrin-specific control of focal adhesion kinase and RhoA regulates membrane protrusion and invasion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74659. [PMID: 24040310 PMCID: PMC3767638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) is a hallmark of the metastatic cascade. Cancer cells require adhesion to surrounding tissues for efficient migration to occur, which is mediated through the integrin family of receptors. Alterations in expression levels of β1 and β3 integrins have previously been reported in a number of human cancers. However, whether there are specific roles for these ubiquitous receptors in mediating cell invasion remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that loss of β1 but not β3 integrins leads to increased spread cell area and focal adhesion number in cells on 2D immobilized fibronectin. Increased adhesion numbers in β1 knockdown cells correlated with decreased cell migration on 2D surfaces. Conversely, cells depleted of β1 integrins showed increased migration speed on 3D cell-derived matrix as well as in 3D organotypic cultures and inverted invasion assays. This increased invasive potential was also seen in cells lacking β3 integrin but only in 3D cultures containing fibroblasts. Mechanistically, in situ analysis using FRET biosensors revealed that enhanced invasion in cells lacking β1 integrins was directly coupled with reduced activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the small GTPase RhoA resulting in formation of enhanced dynamic protrusions and increased invasion. These reductions in FAK-RhoA signal activationwere not detected in β3 knockdown cells under the same conditions. This data demonstrates a specific role for β1 integrins in the modulation of a FAK-RhoA-actomyosin signaling axis to regulate cell invasion through complex ECM environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Costa
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. E. Scales
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Medical Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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39
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Kreis P, Hendricusdottir R, Kay L, Papageorgiou IE, van Diepen M, Mack T, Ryves J, Harwood A, Leslie NR, Kann O, Parsons M, Eickholt BJ. Phosphorylation of the actin binding protein Drebrin at S647 is regulated by neuronal activity and PTEN. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71957. [PMID: 23940795 PMCID: PMC3733845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in actin dynamics affect activity-dependent modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity, and can cause cognitive impairment. A salient candidate actin-binding protein linking synaptic dysfunction to cognitive deficits is Drebrin (DBN). However, the specific mode of how DBN is regulated at the central synapse is largely unknown. In this study we identify and characterize the interaction of the PTEN tumor suppressor with DBN. Our results demonstrate that PTEN binds DBN and that this interaction results in the dephosphorylation of a site present in the DBN C-terminus--serine 647. PTEN and pS647-DBN segregate into distinct and complimentary compartments in neurons, supporting the idea that PTEN negatively regulates DBN phosphorylation at this site. We further demonstrate that neuronal activity increases phosphorylation of DBN at S647 in hippocampal neurons in vitro and in ex vivo hippocampus slices exhibiting seizure activity, potentially by inducing rapid dissociation of the PTEN:DBN complex. Our results identify a novel mechanism by which PTEN is required to maintain DBN phosphorylation at dynamic range and signifies an unusual regulation of an actin-binding protein linked to cognitive decline and degenerative conditions at the CNS synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kreis
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Hendricusdottir
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Kay
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ismini E. Papageorgiou
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michiel van Diepen
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals UK Limited, Horsham, United Kingdom
| | - Till Mack
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonny Ryves
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Harwood
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maddy Parsons
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Britta J. Eickholt
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Calderwood DA, Campbell ID, Critchley DR. Talins and kindlins: partners in integrin-mediated adhesion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:503-17. [PMID: 23860236 PMCID: PMC4116690 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrin receptors provide a dynamic, tightly-regulated link between the extracellular matrix (or cellular counter-receptors) and intracellular cytoskeletal and signalling networks, enabling cells to sense and respond to their chemical and physical environment. Talins and kindlins, two families of FERM-domain proteins, bind the cytoplasmic tail of integrins, recruit cytoskeletal and signalling proteins involved in mechanotransduction and synergize to activate integrin binding to extracellular ligands. New data reveal the domain structure of full-length talin, provide insights into talin-mediated integrin activation and show that RIAM recruits talin to the plasma membrane, whereas vinculin stabilizes talin in cell-matrix junctions. How kindlins act is less well-defined, but disease-causing mutations show that kindlins are also essential for integrin activation, adhesion, cell spreading and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Calderwood
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iain D Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, S. Parks Rd., Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - David R Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH
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41
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Novitskaya V, Romanska H, Kordek R, Potemski P, Kusińska R, Parsons M, Odintsova E, Berditchevski F. Integrin α3β1-CD151 complex regulates dimerization of ErbB2 via RhoA. Oncogene 2013; 33:2779-89. [PMID: 23792450 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Integrin α3β1 regulates adhesive interactions of cells with laminins and have a critical role in adhesion-dependent cellular responses. Here, we examined the role of α3β1-integrin in ErbB2-dependent proliferation of breast cancer cells in three-dimensional laminin-rich extracellular matrix (3D lr-ECM). Depletion of α3β1 in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells suppressed growth and restore cell polarity in 3D lr-ECM. The phenotype of α3β1-depleted cells was reproduced upon depletion of tetraspanin CD151 and mirrored that of the cells treated with Herceptin, an established ErbB2 antagonist. Breast cancer cells expressing the α3β1-CD151 complex have higher steady-state phosphorylation of ErbB2 and show enhanced dimerization of the protein when compared with α3β1-/CD151-depleted cells. Furthermore, Herceptin-dependent dephosphorylation of ErbB2 was only observed in α3β1-CD151-expressing cells. Importantly, the inhibitory activity of Herceptin was more pronounced when cells expressed both α3β1 and CD151. We also found that the level of active RhoA was increased in α3β1- and CD151-depleted cells and that Rho controls dimerization of ErbB2. Expression of α3β1 alone did not have significant prognostic value in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. However, expression of α3β1 in combination with CD151 represented a more stringent indicator of poor survival than CD151 alone. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the α3β1-CD151 complex has a critical regulatory role in ErbB2-dependent signalling and thereby may be involved in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Novitskaya
- School of Cancer Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - H Romanska
- Department of Pathology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - R Kordek
- Department of Pathology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - P Potemski
- Department of Pathology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - R Kusińska
- Department of Pathology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - M Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London, UK
| | - E Odintsova
- School of Cancer Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Berditchevski
- School of Cancer Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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42
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Carbonell WS, DeLay M, Jahangiri A, Park CC, Aghi MK. β1 integrin targeting potentiates antiangiogenic therapy and inhibits the growth of bevacizumab-resistant glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3145-54. [PMID: 23644530 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies like bevacizumab offer promise for cancer treatment, but acquired resistance, which often includes an aggressive mesenchymal phenotype, can limit the use of these agents. Upregulation of β1 integrin (ITGB1) occurs in some bevacizumab-resistant glioblastomas (BRG) whereby, mediating tumor-microenvironment interactions, we hypothesized that it may mediate a mesenchymal-type resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. Immunostaining analyses of β1 integrin and its downstream effector kinase FAK revealed upregulation in 75% and 86% of BRGs, respectively, compared with pretreatment paired specimens. Furthermore, flow cytometry revealed eight-fold more β1 integrin in primary BRG cells compared with cells from bevacizumab-naïve glioblastomas (BNG). Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of cells engineered to express a β1-GFP fusion protein indicated that the mobile β1 integrin fraction was doubled, and half-life of β1 integrin turnover in focal adhesions was reduced markedly in BRG cells compared with bevacizumab-responsive glioblastoma multiforme cells. Hypoxia, which was increased with acquisition of bevacizumab resistance, was associated with increased β1 integrin expression in cultured BNG cells. BRGs displayed an aggressive mesenchymal-like phenotype in vitro. We found that growth of BRG xenograft tumors was attenuated by the β1 antibody, OS2966, allowing a 20-fold dose reduction of bevacizumab per cycle in this model. Intracranial delivery of OS2966 through osmotic pumps over 28 days increased tumor cell apoptosis, decreased tumor cell invasiveness, and blunted the mesenchymal morphology of tumor cells. We concluded that β1 integrin upregulation in BRGs likely reflects an onset of hypoxia caused by antiangiogenic therapy, and that β1 inhibition is well tolerated in vivo as a tractable strategy to disrupt resistance to this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Shawn Carbonell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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43
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Activation of beta 1 but not beta 3 integrin increases cell traction forces. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:763-9. [PMID: 23395612 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell-generated traction forces induce integrin activation, leading to focal adhesion growth and cell spreading. It remains unknown, however, whether integrin activation feeds back to impact the generation of cytoskeletal tension. Here, we used elastomeric micropost arrays to measure cellular traction forces in wildtype and integrin-null cells. We report that activation of β1 but not β3 integrin, by either increasing density of immobilized fibronectin or treating with manganese, elicited fibroblast spreading and cytoskeletal tension. Furthermore, this force generation required Rho kinase and myosin activity. These findings suggest that integrin activation and cell traction forces comprise a bi-directional signaling unit of cell adhesion.
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44
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2-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,3-indanedione versus Fluorescein Isothiocyanate in Interaction with Anti-hFABP Immunoglobulin G1: Fluorescence Quenching, Secondary Structure Alteration and Binding Sites Localization. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:3011-25. [PMID: 23434655 PMCID: PMC3588028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in determining whether a fluorescent dye can be used for antibody labeling consists in collecting data on its physical interaction with the latter. In the present study, the interaction between the 2-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-1,3-indanedione (HNBID) dye and the IgG1 monoclonal mouse antibody anti-human heart fatty acid binding protein (anti-hFABP) has been investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies and complementary structural results were obtained by molecular modeling. We have determined the parameters characterizing this interaction, namely the quenching and binding constants, classes of binding sites, and excited state lifetimes, and we have predicted the localization of HNBID within the Fc region of anti-hFABP. The key glycosidic and amino acid residues in anti-hFABP interacting with HNBID have also been identified. A similar systematic study was undertaken for the well-known fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorophore, for comparison purposes. Our results recommend HNBID as a valuable alternative to fluorescein isothiocyanate for use as a fluorescent probe for IgG1 antibodies.
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- K. KEMP-O'BRIEN
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London; SE1 1UL; U.K
| | - M. PARSONS
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics; King's College London; London; SE1 1UL; U.K
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46
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Rossier O, Octeau V, Sibarita JB, Leduc C, Tessier B, Nair D, Gatterdam V, Destaing O, Albigès-Rizo C, Tampé R, Cognet L, Choquet D, Lounis B, Giannone G. Integrins β1 and β3 exhibit distinct dynamic nanoscale organizations inside focal adhesions. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:1057-67. [PMID: 23023225 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins in focal adhesions (FAs) mediate adhesion and force transmission to extracellular matrices essential for cell motility, proliferation and differentiation. Different fibronectin-binding integrins, simultaneously present in FAs, perform distinct functions. Yet, how integrin dynamics control biochemical and biomechanical processes in FAs is still elusive. Using single-protein tracking and super-resolution imaging we revealed the dynamic nano-organizations of integrins and talin inside FAs. Integrins reside in FAs through free-diffusion and immobilization cycles. Integrin activation promotes immobilization, stabilized in FAs by simultaneous connection to fibronectin and actin-binding proteins. Talin is recruited in FAs directly from the cytosol without membrane free-diffusion, restricting integrin immobilization to FAs. Immobilized β3-integrins are enriched and stationary within FAs, whereas immobilized β1-integrins are less enriched and exhibit rearward movements. Talin is enriched and mainly stationary, but also exhibited rearward movements in FAs, consistent with stable connections with both β-integrins. Thus, differential transmission of actin motion to fibronectin occurs through specific integrins within FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rossier
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, University of Bordeaux, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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α3β1 integrins regulate CD151 complex assembly and membrane dynamics in carcinoma cells within 3D environments. Oncogene 2012; 32:3965-79. [PMID: 22986527 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are extracellular matrix (ECM) receptors that are key players in the regulation of tumour cell invasion. The laminin-binding integrin α3β1 has previously been shown to regulate adhesion and migration of carcinoma cells in part through co-operative signalling with the tetraspanin family of transmembrane proteins. However, the spatial and temporal regulation of crosstalk between these families of transmembrane proteins in intact cells remains poorly understood. Here we have used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to demonstrate for the first time that α3β1 and the tetraspanin CD151 directly associate at the front and retracting rear of polarised migrating breast carcinoma cells in both two-dimentional (2D) and three-dimentional (3D)matrices. Furthermore, localised α3β1-CD151 binding correlates with lower CD151 homodimerisation in cells migrating on laminin or within matrigel. Loss of α3β1 integrin leads to increased CD151 homodimer formation, increased activation of Rho GTPase, loss of cell polarity and decreased invasion in 3D ECM. As a result, α3-silenced cells show decreased actin-based membrane protrusion and retraction in both 2D and 3D environments. These data demonstrate that associations between α3β1 and CD151 occur dynamically within discrete subcellular compartments and act to establish local GTPase signalling to promote tumour cell invasion. These novel findings shed light on the complex crosstalk and switching between receptor complexes in response to different extracellular cues during cell invasion in 3D environments.
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Jayo A, Parsons M, Adams JC. A novel Rho-dependent pathway that drives interaction of fascin-1 with p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase (LIMK) 1/2 to promote fascin-1/actin binding and filopodia stability. BMC Biol 2012; 10:72. [PMID: 22883572 PMCID: PMC3488970 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fascin-1 is an actin crosslinking protein that is important for the assembly of cell protrusions in neurons, skeletal and smooth muscle, fibroblasts, and dendritic cells. Although absent from most normal adult epithelia, fascin-1 is upregulated in many human carcinomas, and is associated with poor prognosis because of its promotion of carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Rac and Cdc42 small guanine triphosphatases have been identified as upstream regulators of the association of fascin-1 with actin, but the possible role of Rho has remained obscure. Additionally, experiments have been hampered by the inability to measure the fascin-1/actin interaction directly in intact cells. We investigated the hypothesis that fascin-1 is a functional target of Rho in normal and carcinoma cells, using experimental approaches that included a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)/fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) method to measure the interaction of fascin-1 with actin. Results Rho activity modulates the interaction of fascin-1 with actin, as detected by a novel FRET method, in skeletal myoblasts and human colon carcinoma cells. Mechanistically, Rho regulation depends on Rho kinase activity, is independent of the status of myosin II activity, and is not mediated by promotion of the fascin/PKC complex. The p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinases (LIMK), LIMK1 and LIMK2, act downstream of Rho kinases as novel binding partners of fascin-1, and this complex regulates the stability of filopodia. Conclusions We have identified a novel activity of Rho in promoting a complex between fascin-1 and LIMK1/2 that modulates the interaction of fascin-1 with actin. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the intracellular coordination of contractile and protrusive actin-based structures. During the course of the study, we developed a novel FRET method for analysis of the fascin-1/actin interaction, with potential general applicability for analyzing the activities of actin-binding proteins in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Deakin NO, Ballestrem C, Turner CE. Paxillin and Hic-5 interaction with vinculin is differentially regulated by Rac1 and RhoA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37990. [PMID: 22629471 PMCID: PMC3358283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is of paramount importance to organism development and maintenance as well as multiple pathological processes, including cancer metastasis. The RhoGTPases Rac1 and RhoA are indispensable for cell migration as they regulate cell protrusion, cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and force transduction. However, the consequences of their activity at a molecular level within the cell remain undetermined. Using a combination of FRET, FRAP and biochemical analyses we show that the interactions between the focal adhesion proteins vinculin and paxillin, as well as the closely related family member Hic-5 are spatially and reciprocally regulated by the activity of Rac1 and RhoA. Vinculin in its active conformation interacts with either paxillin or Hic-5 in adhesions in response to Rac1 and RhoA activation respectively, while inactive vinculin interacts with paxillin in the membrane following Rac1 inhibition. Additionally, Rac1 specifically regulates the dynamics of paxillin as well as its binding partner and F-actin interacting protein actopaxin (α-parvin) in adhesions. Furthermore, FRET analysis of protein:protein interactions within cell adhesions formed in 3D matrices revealed that, in contrast to 2D systems vinculin interacts preferentially with Hic-5. This study provides new insight into the complexity of cell-ECM adhesions in both 2D and 3D matrices by providing the first description of RhoGTPase-coordinated protein:protein interactions in a cellular microenvironment. These data identify discrete roles for paxillin and Hic-5 in Rac1 and RhoA-dependent cell adhesion formation and maturation; processes essential for productive cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O. Deakin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ishikawa-Ankerhold HC, Ankerhold R, Drummen GPC. Advanced fluorescence microscopy techniques--FRAP, FLIP, FLAP, FRET and FLIM. Molecules 2012; 17:4047-132. [PMID: 22469598 PMCID: PMC6268795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy provides an efficient and unique approach to study fixed and living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity. Fluorescence microscopes can both detect the fluorescence emitted from labeled molecules in biological samples as images or photometric data from which intensities and emission spectra can be deduced. By exploiting the characteristics of fluorescence, various techniques have been developed that enable the visualization and analysis of complex dynamic events in cells, organelles, and sub-organelle components within the biological specimen. The techniques described here are fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), the related fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP), fluorescence localization after photobleaching (FLAP), Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the different ways how to measure FRET, such as acceptor bleaching, sensitized emission, polarization anisotropy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). First, a brief introduction into the mechanisms underlying fluorescence as a physical phenomenon and fluorescence, confocal, and multiphoton microscopy is given. Subsequently, these advanced microscopy techniques are introduced in more detail, with a description of how these techniques are performed, what needs to be considered, and what practical advantages they can bring to cell biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen C. Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schillerstr. 42, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Richard Ankerhold
- Carl Zeiss Microimaging GmbH, Kistlerhofstr. 75, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Gregor P. C. Drummen
- Bionanoscience and Bio-Imaging Program, Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bio&Nano-Solutions, Helmutstr. 3A, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany
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