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Herr LM, Schaffer ED, Fuchs KF, Datta A, Brosh RM. Replication stress as a driver of cellular senescence and aging. Commun Biol 2024; 7:616. [PMID: 38777831 PMCID: PMC11111458 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06263-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress refers to slowing or stalling of replication fork progression during DNA synthesis that disrupts faithful copying of the genome. While long considered a nexus for DNA damage, the role of replication stress in aging is under-appreciated. The consequential role of replication stress in promotion of organismal aging phenotypes is evidenced by an extensive list of hereditary accelerated aging disorders marked by molecular defects in factors that promote replication fork progression and operate uniquely in the replication stress response. Additionally, recent studies have revealed cellular pathways and phenotypes elicited by replication stress that align with designated hallmarks of aging. Here we review recent advances demonstrating the role of replication stress as an ultimate driver of cellular senescence and aging. We discuss clinical implications of the intriguing links between cellular senescence and aging including application of senotherapeutic approaches in the context of replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Herr
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan D Schaffer
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Fuchs
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arindam Datta
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Helicases and Genomic Integrity Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Kamal M, Joanisse S, Parise G. Bleomycin-treated myoblasts undergo p21-associated cellular senescence and have severely impaired differentiation. GeroScience 2024; 46:1843-1859. [PMID: 37751045 PMCID: PMC10828175 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As we age, the ability to regenerate and repair skeletal muscle damage declines, partially due to increasing dysfunction of muscle resident stem cells-satellite cells (SC). Recent evidence implicates cellular senescence, which is the irreversible arrest of proliferation, as a potentiator of SC impairment during aging. However, little is known about the role of senescence in SC, and there is a large discrepancy in senescence classification within skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of senescence in skeletal muscle myoblasts and identify how common senescence-associated biomarkers respond. Low-passage C2C12 myoblasts were treated with bleomycin or vehicle and then evaluated for cytological and molecular senescence markers, proliferation status, cell cycle kinetics, and differentiation potential. Bleomycin treatment caused double-stranded DNA breaks, which upregulated p21 mRNA and protein, potentially through NF-κB and senescence-associated super enhancer (SASE) signaling (p < 0.01). Consequently, cell proliferation was abruptly halted due to G2/M-phase arrest (p < 0.01). Bleomycin-treated myoblasts displayed greater senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining (p < 0.01), which increased over several days. These myoblasts remained senescent following 6 days of differentiation and had significant impairments in myotube formation (p < 0.01). Furthermore, our results show that senescence can be maintained despite the lack of p16 gene expression in C2C12 myoblasts. In conclusion, bleomycin treatment provides a valid model of damage-induced senescence that was associated with elevated p21, reduced myoblast proliferation, and aberrant cell cycle kinetics, while confirming that a multi-marker approach is needed for the accurate classification of senescence within skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kamal
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sport Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Gianni Parise
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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3
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Chen J, Chen H, Dong X, Hui T, Yan M, Ren D, Zou S, Wang S, Fei E, Zhang W, Lai X. Deficiency of skeletal muscle Agrin contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related sarcopenia in mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:201. [PMID: 38461287 PMCID: PMC10925061 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a progressive and prevalent neuromuscular disorder, is characterized by age-related muscle wasting and weakening. Despite its widespread occurrence, the molecular underpinnings of this disease remain poorly understood. Herein, we report that levels of Agrin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein critical for neuromuscular formation, were decreased with age in the skeletal muscles of mice. The conditional loss of Agrin in myogenic progenitors and satellite cells (SCs) (Pax7 Cre:: Agrin flox/flox) causes premature muscle aging, manifesting a distinct sarcopenic phenotype in mice. Conversely, the elevation of a miniaturized form of Agrin in skeletal muscle through adenovirus-mediated gene transfer induces enhanced muscle capacity in aged mice. Mechanistic investigations suggest that Agrin-mediated improvement in muscle function occurs through the stimulation of Yap signaling and the concurrent upregulation of dystroglycan expression. Collectively, our findings underscore the pivotal role of Agrin in the aging process of skeletal muscles and propose Agrin as a potential therapeutic target for addressing sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xia Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tiankun Hui
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongyan Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Suqi Zou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shunqi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Erkang Fei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinsheng Lai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, Jiangxi, China.
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4
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Cisterna B, Malatesta M. Molecular and Structural Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Nuclei during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1833. [PMID: 38339110 PMCID: PMC10855217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are certainly multifactorial and still remain to be fully elucidated. Changes in the cell nucleus structure and function have been considered among the possible contributing causes. This review offers an overview of the current knowledge on skeletal muscle nuclei in aging, focusing on the impairment of nuclear pathways potentially involved in age-related muscle decline. In skeletal muscle two types of cells are present: fiber cells, constituting the contractile muscle mass and containing hundreds of myonuclei, and the satellite cells, i.e., the myogenic mononuclear stem cells occurring at the periphery of the fibers and responsible for muscle growth and repair. Research conducted on different experimental models and with different methodological approaches demonstrated that both the myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei of aged skeletal muscles undergo several structural and molecular alterations, affecting chromatin organization, gene expression, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. These alterations play a key role in the impairment of muscle fiber homeostasis and regeneration, thus contributing to the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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5
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Elgaabari A, Imatomi N, Kido H, Nakashima T, Okuda S, Manabe Y, Sawano S, Mizunoya W, Kaneko R, Tanaka S, Maeno T, Matsuyoshi Y, Seki M, Kuwakado S, Zushi K, Daneshvar N, Nakamura M, Suzuki T, Sunagawa K, Anderson JE, Allen RE, Tatsumi R. Age-related nitration/dysfunction of myogenic stem cell activator HGF. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14041. [PMID: 37985931 PMCID: PMC10861216 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical perturbation triggers activation of resident myogenic stem cells to enter the cell cycle through a cascade of events including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) release from its extracellular tethering and the subsequent presentation to signaling-receptor c-met. Here, we show that with aging, extracellular HGF undergoes tyrosine-residue (Y) nitration and loses c-met binding, thereby disturbing muscle homeostasis. Biochemical studies demonstrated that nitration/dysfunction is specific to HGF among other major growth factors and is characterized by its locations at Y198 and Y250 in c-met-binding domains. Direct-immunofluorescence microscopy of lower hind limb muscles from three age groups of rat, provided direct in vivo evidence for age-related increases in nitration of ECM-bound HGF, preferentially stained for anti-nitrated Y198 and Y250-HGF mAbs (raised in-house) in fast IIa and IIx myofibers. Overall, findings highlight inhibitory impacts of HGF nitration on myogenic stem cell dynamics, pioneering a cogent discussion for better understanding age-related muscle atrophy and impaired regeneration with fibrosis (including sarcopenia and frailty).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elgaabari
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
| | - Nana Imatomi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hirochika Kido
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Nakashima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Okuda
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Manabe
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Sawano
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental ScienceAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Ryuki Kaneko
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Sakiho Tanaka
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Maeno
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuji Matsuyoshi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Miyumi Seki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - So Kuwakado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kahona Zushi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Nasibeh Daneshvar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Judy E. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ronald E. Allen
- The School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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6
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Thompson SD, Barrett KL, Rugel CL, Redmond R, Rudofski A, Kurian J, Curtin JL, Dayanidhi S, Lavasani M. Sex-specific preservation of neuromuscular function and metabolism following systemic transplantation of multipotent adult stem cells in a murine model of progeria. GeroScience 2024; 46:1285-1302. [PMID: 37535205 PMCID: PMC10828301 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Onset and rates of sarcopenia, a disease characterized by a loss of muscle mass and function with age, vary greatly between sexes. Currently, no clinical interventions successfully arrest age-related muscle impairments since the decline is frequently multifactorial. Previously, we found that systemic transplantation of our unique adult multipotent muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) isolated from young mice-but not old-extends the health-span in DNA damage mouse models of progeria, a disease of accelerated aging. Additionally, induced neovascularization in the muscles and brain-where no transplanted cells were detected-strongly suggests a systemic therapeutic mechanism, possibly activated through circulating secreted factors. Herein, we used ZMPSTE24-deficient mice, a lamin A defect progeria model, to investigate the ability of young MDSPCs to preserve neuromuscular tissue structure and function. We show that progeroid ZMPST24-deficient mice faithfully exhibit sarcopenia and age-related metabolic dysfunction. However, systemic transplantation of young MDSPCs into ZMPSTE24-deficient progeroid mice sustained healthy function and histopathology of muscular tissues throughout their 6-month life span in a sex-specific manner. Indeed, female-but not male-mice systemically transplanted with young MDSPCs demonstrated significant preservation of muscle endurance, muscle fiber size, mitochondrial respirometry, and neuromuscular junction morphometrics. These novel findings strongly suggest that young MDSPCs modulate the systemic environment of aged animals by secreted rejuvenating factors to maintain a healthy homeostasis in a sex-specific manner and that the female muscle microenvironment remains responsive to exogenous regenerative cues in older age. This work highlights the age- and sex-related differences in neuromuscular tissue degeneration and the future prospect of preserving health in older adults with systemic regenerative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Thompson
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Kelsey L Barrett
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Chelsea L Rugel
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Robin Redmond
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alexia Rudofski
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob Kurian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jodi L Curtin
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sudarshan Dayanidhi
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mitra Lavasani
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, 355 E. Erie St, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience (NUIN) Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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7
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Rahman FA, Hian-Cheong DJ, Boonstra K, Ma A, Thoms JP, Zago AS, Quadrilatero J. Augmented mitochondrial apoptotic signaling impairs C2C12 myoblast differentiation following cellular aging through sequential passaging. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38212955 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the steady decline of several cellular processes. The loss of skeletal muscle mass, termed sarcopenia, is one of the major hallmarks of aging. Aged skeletal muscle exhibits a robust reduction in its regenerative capacity due to dysfunction (i.e., senescence, lack of self-renewal, and impaired differentiation) of resident muscle stem cells, called satellite cells. To replicate aging in vitro, immortalized skeletal muscle cells (myoblasts) can be treated with various agents to mimic age-related dysfunction; however, these come with their own set of limitations. In the present study, we used sequential passaging of mouse myoblasts to mimic impaired differentiation that is observed in aged skeletal muscle. Further, we investigated mitochondrial apoptotic mechanisms to better understand the impaired differentiation in these "aged" cells. Our data shows that sequential passaging (>20 passages) of myoblasts is accompanied with significant reductions in differentiation and elevated cell death. Furthermore, high-passage (HP) myoblasts exhibit greater mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signaling through mitochondrial BAX translocation, CYCS and AIFM1 release, and caspase-9 activation. Finally, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability partly recovered differentiation in HP myoblasts. Together, our findings suggests that mitochondrial apoptotic signaling is a contributing factor to the diminished differentiation that is observed in aged myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih A Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Dylan J Hian-Cheong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen Boonstra
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Ma
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - James P Thoms
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Anderson S Zago
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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8
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Ochi E, Barrington A, Wehling‐Henricks M, Avila M, Kuro‐o M, Tidball JG. Klotho regulates the myogenic response of muscle to mechanical loading and exercise. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1531-1547. [PMID: 37864311 PMCID: PMC10841225 DOI: 10.1113/ep091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does the hormone Klotho affect the myogenic response of muscle cells to mechanical loading or exercise? What is the main finding and its importance? Klotho prevents direct, mechanical activation of genes that regulate muscle differentiation, including genes that encode the myogenic regulatory factor myogenin and proteins in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. Similarly, elevated levels of klotho expression in vivo prevent the exercise-induced increase in myogenin-expressing cells and reduce exercise-induced activation of the Wnt pathway. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism through which the responses of muscle to the mechanical environment are regulated. ABSTRACT Muscle growth is influenced by changes in the mechanical environment that affect the expression of genes that regulate myogenesis. We tested whether the hormone Klotho could influence the response of muscle to mechanical loading. Applying mechanical loads to myoblasts in vitro increased RNA encoding transcription factors that are expressed in activated myoblasts (Myod) and in myogenic cells that have initiated terminal differentiation (Myog). However, application of Klotho to myoblasts prevented the loading-induced activation of Myog without affecting loading-induced activation of Myod. This indicates that elevated Klotho inhibits mechanically-induced differentiation of myogenic cells. Elevated Klotho also reduced the transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in the canonical Wnt pathway or their target genes (Wnt9a, Wnt10a, Ccnd1). Because the canonical Wnt pathway promotes differentiation of myogenic cells, these findings indicate that Klotho inhibits the differentiation of myogenic cells experiencing mechanical loading. We then tested whether these effects of Klotho occurred in muscles of mice experiencing high-intensity interval training (HIIT) by comparing wild-type mice and klotho transgenic mice. The expression of a klotho transgene combined with HIIT synergized to tremendously elevate numbers of Pax7+ satellite cells and activated MyoD+ cells. However, transgene expression prevented the increase in myogenin+ cells caused by HIIT in wild-type mice. Furthermore, transgene expression diminished the HIIT-induced activation of the canonical Wnt pathway in Pax7+ satellite cells. Collectively, these findings show that Klotho inhibits loading- or exercise-induced activation of muscle differentiation and indicate a new mechanism through which the responses of muscle to the mechanical environment are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke Ochi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied ChemistryHosei UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Alice Barrington
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - Marcus Avila
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Makoto Kuro‐o
- Division of Anti‐Aging MedicineCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - James G. Tidball
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLAUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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9
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Piétri-Rouxel F, Falcone S, Traoré M. [GDF5: a therapeutic candidate for combating sarcopenia]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39 Hors série n° 1:47-53. [PMID: 37975770 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex age-related muscular disease affecting 10 to 16 % of people over 65 years old. It is characterized by excessive loss of muscle mass and strength. Despite a plethora of studies aimed at understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying this pathology, the pathophysiology of sarcopenia remains poorly understood. To date, there is no pharmacological treatment for this disease. In this context, our team develop therapeutic approaches based on the GDF5 protein to counteract the loss of muscle mass and function in various pathological conditions, including sarcopenia. After deciphering one of the molecular mechanisms governing GDF5 expression, we have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this protein in the preservation of muscle mass and strength in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Piétri-Rouxel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sestina Falcone
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Massiré Traoré
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 Paris, France
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10
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Yee EM, Hauser CT, Petrocelli JJ, de Hart NMMP, Ferrara PJ, Bombyck P, Fennel ZJ, van Onselen L, Mookerjee S, Funai K, Symons JD, Drummond MJ. Treadmill training does not enhance skeletal muscle recovery following disuse atrophy in older male mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1263500. [PMID: 37942230 PMCID: PMC10628510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1263500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A hallmark of aging is poor muscle recovery following disuse atrophy. Efficacious strategies to enhance muscle recovery following disuse atrophy in aging are non-existent. Prior exercise training could result in favorable muscle morphological and cellular adaptations that may promote muscle recovery in aging. Here, we characterized the impact of exercise training on skeletal muscle inflammatory and metabolic profiles and cellular remodeling and function, together with femoral artery reactivity prior to and following recovery from disuse atrophy in aged male mice. We hypothesized that 12 weeks of treadmill training in aged male mice would improve skeletal muscle cellular remodeling at baseline and during recovery from disuse atrophy, resulting in improved muscle regrowth. Methods: Physical performance, ex vivo muscle and vascular function, tissue and organ mass, hindlimb muscle cellular remodeling (macrophage, satellite cell, capillary, myofiber size, and fibrosis), and proteolytic, inflammatory, and metabolic muscle transcripts were evaluated in aged exercise-trained and sedentary mice. Results: We found that at baseline following exercise training (vs. sedentary mice), exercise capacity and physical function increased, fat mass decreased, and endothelial function improved. However, exercise training did not alter tibialis anterior or gastrocnemius muscle transcriptional profile, macrophage, satellite cell, capillarity or collagen content, or myofiber size and only tended to increase tibialis mass during recovery from disuse atrophy. Conclusion: While exercise training in old male mice improved endothelial function, physical performance, and whole-body tissue composition as anticipated, 12 weeks of treadmill training had limited impact on skeletal muscle remodeling at baseline or in response to recovery following disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Yee
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Carson T. Hauser
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jonathan J. Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Naomi M. M. P. de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Patrick J. Ferrara
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Princess Bombyck
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Zachary J. Fennel
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lisha van Onselen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sohom Mookerjee
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J. David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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11
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Kubat GB, Bouhamida E, Ulger O, Turkel I, Pedriali G, Ramaccini D, Ekinci O, Ozerklig B, Atalay O, Patergnani S, Nur Sahin B, Morciano G, Tuncer M, Tremoli E, Pinton P. Mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy: Causes, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:33-58. [PMID: 37451353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which accounts for approximately 40% of total body weight, is one of the most dynamic and plastic tissues in the human body and plays a vital role in movement, posture and force production. More than just a component of the locomotor system, skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ capable of producing and secreting hundreds of bioactive molecules. Therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is crucial for supporting overall body health. Various pathological conditions, such as prolonged immobilization, cachexia, aging, drug-induced toxicity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), can disrupt the balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributing mechanism to skeletal muscle atrophy, as it plays crucial roles in various biological processes, including energy production, metabolic flexibility, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we critically examine recent knowledge regarding the causes of muscle atrophy (disuse, cachexia, aging, etc.) and its contribution to CVDs. Additionally, we highlight the mitochondrial signaling pathways involvement to skeletal muscle atrophy, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy and mitophagy, mitochondrial fission-fusion, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss current strategies, including exercise, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, in vivo transfection of PGC-1α, and the potential use of mitochondrial transplantation as a possible therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Burcin Kubat
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Oner Ulger
- Department of Mitochondria and Cellular Research, Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, University of Health Sciences, 06010 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Turkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaia Pedriali
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Daniela Ramaccini
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Ozgur Ekinci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ozerklig
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozbeyen Atalay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beyza Nur Sahin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Meltem Tuncer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Translational Research Center, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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12
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Johnson LL, Hebert S, Kueppers RB, McLoon LK. Nystagmus Associated With the Absence of MYOD Expression Across the Lifespan in Extraocular and Limb Muscles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:24. [PMID: 37703038 PMCID: PMC10503593 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The extraocular muscles (EOMs) undergo significant levels of continuous myonuclear turnover and myofiber remodeling throughout life, in contrast to limb skeletal muscles. Activation of the myogenic pathway in muscle precursor cells is controlled by myogenic transcription factors, such as MYOD. Limb muscles from MyoD-/- mice develop normally but have a regeneration defect, and these mice develop nystagmus. We examined MyoD-/- mice to determine if they have an aging phenotype. Methods Eye movements of aging MyoD-/- mice and littermate controls (wild type) were examined using optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). We assessed limb muscle function, changes to myofiber number, mean cross-sectional area, and abundance of the PAX7 and PITX2 populations of myogenic precursor cells. Results Aging did not significantly affect limb muscle function despite decreased mean cross-sectional areas at 18+ months. Aging wild type mice had normal OKN responses; all aging MyoD-/- mice had nystagmus. With OKN stimulus present, the MyoD-/- mice at all ages had shorter slow phase durations compared to wild type age matched controls. In the dark, the MyoD-/- mice had a shorter slow phase duration with age. This correlated with significantly decreased fiber numbers and cross-sectional areas. The EOM in MyoD-/- mice had increased numbers of PAX7-positive satellite cells and significantly decreased PITX2-positive myonuclei. Conclusions The absence of MYOD expression in aging mice causes a decrease in on-going myofiber remodeling, EOM fiber size, and number, and is associated with the development of spontaneous nystagmus. These results suggest that muscle-specific mutations can result in nystagmus, with increasing aging-related changes in the MyoD-/- EOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sadie Hebert
- Department of Biology Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Rachel B. Kueppers
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Linda K. McLoon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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13
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Hansson KA, Eftestøl E. Scaling of nuclear numbers and their spatial arrangement in skeletal muscle cell size regulation. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:pe3. [PMID: 37339435 PMCID: PMC10398882 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-09-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells display considerable functional plasticity and depend on the regulation of numerous organelles and macromolecules for their maintenance. In large cells, organelles also need to be carefully distributed to supply the cell with essential resources and regulate intracellular activities. Having multiple copies of the largest eukaryotic organelle, the nucleus, epitomizes the importance of scaling gene products to large cytoplasmic volumes in skeletal muscle fibers. Scaling of intracellular constituents within mammalian muscle fibers is, however, poorly understood, but according to the myonuclear domain hypothesis, a single nucleus supports a finite amount of cytoplasm and is thus postulated to act autonomously, causing the nuclear number to be commensurate with fiber volume. In addition, the orderly peripheral distribution of myonuclei is a hallmark of normal cell physiology, as nuclear mispositioning is associated with impaired muscle function. Because underlying structures of complex cell behaviors are commonly formalized by scaling laws and thus emphasize emerging principles of size regulation, the work presented herein offers more of a unified conceptual platform based on principles from physics, chemistry, geometry, and biology to explore cell size-dependent correlations of the largest mammalian cell by means of scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenth-Arne Hansson
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Einar Eftestøl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
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14
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Madigan LA, Jaime D, Fallon JR. MuSK-BMP signaling in adult muscle stem cells maintains quiescence and regulates myofiber size. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541238. [PMID: 37292636 PMCID: PMC10245747 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A central question in the biology of adult stem cells is elucidating the signaling pathways regulating their dynamics and function in diverse physiological and age-related contexts. Adult muscle stem cells (Satellite Cells; SCs) are generally quiescent but can activate and contribute to muscle homeostasis and repair. Here we tested the role of the MuSK-BMP pathway in regulating adult SC quiescence and myofiber size. We attenuated MuSK-BMP signaling by deletion of the BMP-binding MuSK Ig3 domain ('ΔIg3-MuSK') and studied the fast TA and EDL muscles. In germ line mutants at 3 months of age SC and myonuclei numbers as well as myofiber size were comparable in ΔIg3-MuSK and WT animals. However, in 5-month-old ΔIg3-MuSK animals SC density was decreased while myofiber size, myonuclear number and grip strength were increased - indicating that SCs had activated and productively fused into the myofibers over this interval. Notably, myonuclear domain size was conserved. Following injury, the mutant muscle fully regenerated with restoration of myofiber size and SC pool to WT levels, indicating that ΔIg3-MuSK SCs maintain full stem cell function. Conditional expression of ΔIg3-MuSK in adult SCs showed that the MuSK-BMP pathway regulates quiescence and myofiber size in a cell autonomous fashion. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SCs from uninjured ΔIg3-MuSK mice exhibit signatures of activation, including elevated Notch and epigenetic signaling. We conclude that the MuSK-BMP pathway regulates SC quiescence and myofiber size in a cell autonomous, age-dependent manner. Targeting MuSK-BMP signaling in muscle stem cells thus emerges a therapeutic strategy for promoting muscle growth and function in the settings of injury, disease, and aging.
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15
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Fahrner A, Luca E, Krützfeldt J. microRNA-501 controls myogenin +/CD74 + myogenic progenitor cells during muscle regeneration. Mol Metab 2023; 71:101704. [PMID: 36907509 PMCID: PMC10033748 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle regeneration is markedly impaired during aging. How adult muscle stem cells contribute to this decrease in regenerative capacity is incompletely understood. We investigated mechanisms of age-related changes in myogenic progenitor cells using the tissue-specific microRNA 501. METHODS Young and old C57Bl/6 mice were used (3 months or 24 months of age, respectively) with or without global or tissue-specific genetic deletion of miR-501. Muscle regeneration was induced using intramuscular cardiotoxin injection or treadmill exercise and analysed using single cell and bulk RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Muscle fiber damage was assessed with Evan`s blue dye (EBD). In vitro analysis was performed in primary muscle cells obtained from mice and humans. RESULTS Single cell sequencing revealed myogenic progenitor cells in miR-501 knockout mice at day 6 after muscle injury that are characterized by high levels of myogenin and CD74. In control mice these cells were less in number and already downregulated after day 3 of muscle injury. Muscle from knockout mice had reduced myofiber size and reduced myofiber resilience to injury and exercise. miR-501 elicits this effect by regulating sarcomeric gene expression through its target gene estrogen-related receptor gamma (Esrrg). Importantly, in aged skeletal muscle where miR-501 was significantly downregulated and its target Esrrg significantly upregulated, the number of myog+/CD74+ cells during regeneration was upregulated to similar levels as observed in 501 knockout mice. Moreover, myog+/CD74+-aged skeletal muscle exhibited a similar decrease in the size of newly formed myofibers and increased number of necrotic myofibers after injury as observed in mice lacking miR-501. CONCLUSIONS miR-501 and Esrrg are regulated in muscle with decreased regenerative capacity and loss of miR-501 is permissive to the appearance of CD74+ myogenic progenitors. Our data uncover a novel link between the metabolic transcription factor Esrrg and sarcomere formation and demonstrate that stem cell heterogeneity in skeletal muscle during aging is under miRNA control. Targeting Esrrg or myog+/CD74+ progenitor cells might improve fiber size and myofiber resilience to exercise in aged skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fahrner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edlira Luca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Biomedicine, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Sahinyan K, Lazure F, Blackburn DM, Soleimani VD. Decline of regenerative potential of old muscle stem cells: contribution to muscle aging. FEBS J 2023; 290:1267-1289. [PMID: 35029021 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are required for life-long muscle regeneration. In general, aging has been linked to a decline in the numbers and the regenerative potential of MuSCs. Muscle regeneration depends on the proper functioning of MuSCs, which is itself dependent on intricate interactions with its niche components. Aging is associated with both cell-intrinsic and niche-mediated changes, which can be the result of transcriptional, posttranscriptional, or posttranslational alterations in MuSCs or in the components of their niche. The interplay between cell intrinsic alterations in MuSCs and changes in the stem cell niche environment during aging and its impact on the number and the function of MuSCs is an important emerging area of research. In this review, we discuss whether the decline in the regenerative potential of MuSCs with age is the cause or the consequence of aging skeletal muscle. Understanding the effect of aging on MuSCs and the individual components of their niche is critical to develop effective therapeutic approaches to diminish or reverse the age-related defects in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korin Sahinyan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Felicia Lazure
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Darren M Blackburn
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vahab D Soleimani
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
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17
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Wang X, Mishra P. Fusion of dysfunction muscle stem cells with myofibers induces sarcopenia in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.20.524967. [PMID: 36711602 PMCID: PMC9882337 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.20.524967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, or age-associated muscle atrophy, is a progressive condition which affects ~10-30% of the human geriatric population (1, 2). A number of contributors to sarcopenia have been proposed, including the progressive loss of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) with age. However, studies in mice have provided evidence that MuSC depletion is not sufficient to induce sarcopenia (3, 4). We recently showed that in response to age-associated mitochondrial damage, MuSCs self-remove by fusing with neighboring myofibers, which depletes the stem cell population of damaged progenitors (5). Here, we show that MuSC-myofiber fusion is sufficient to initiate myofiber atrophy in mice, which limits their motor function and lifespan. Conversely, inhibition of MuSC-myofiber fusion blocks myofiber atrophy with age, with a concomitant increase in the maximum lifespan of animals. These findings suggest a model where the accumulation fusion of damaged MuSCs with adult myofibers is a key driving feature of sarcopenia, and resolves the findings that MuSC depletion on its own does not initiate myofiber atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 7390 USA
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18
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Ganassi M, Zammit PS, Hughes SM. Isolation, Culture, and Analysis of Zebrafish Myofibers and Associated Muscle Stem Cells to Explore Adult Skeletal Myogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:21-43. [PMID: 36995585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Adult skeletal musculature experiences continuous physical stress, and hence requires maintenance and repair to ensure its continued efficient functioning. The population of resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs), termed satellite cells, resides beneath the basal lamina of adult myofibers, contributing to both muscle hypertrophy and regeneration. Upon exposure to activating stimuli, MuSCs proliferate to generate new myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate or grow myofibers. Moreover, many teleost fish undergo continuous growth throughout life, requiring continual nuclear recruitment from MuSCs to initiate and grow new fibers, a process that contrasts with the determinate growth observed in most amniotes. In this chapter, we describe a method for the isolation, culture, and immunolabeling of adult zebrafish myofibers that permits examination of both myofiber characteristics ex vivo and the MuSC myogenic program in vitro. Morphometric analysis of isolated myofibers is suitable to assess differences among slow and fast muscles or to investigate cellular features such as sarcomeres and neuromuscular junctions. Immunostaining for Pax7, a canonical stemness marker, identifies MuSCs on isolated myofibers for study. Furthermore, the plating of viable myofibers allows MuSC activation and expansion and downstream analysis of their proliferative and differentiative dynamics, thus providing a suitable, parallel alternative to amniote models for the study of vertebrate myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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19
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Bencze M. Mechanisms of Myofibre Death in Muscular Dystrophies: The Emergence of the Regulated Forms of Necrosis in Myology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010362. [PMID: 36613804 PMCID: PMC9820579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibre necrosis is a central pathogenic process in muscular dystrophies (MD). As post-lesional regeneration cannot fully compensate for chronic myofibre loss, interstitial tissue accumulates and impairs muscle function. Muscle regeneration has been extensively studied over the last decades, however, the pathway(s) controlling muscle necrosis remains largely unknown. The recent discovery of several regulated cell death (RCD) pathways with necrotic morphology challenged the dogma of necrosis as an uncontrolled process, opening interesting perspectives for many degenerative disorders. In this review, we focus on how cell death affects myofibres in MDs, integrating the latest research in the cell death field, with specific emphasis on Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the best-known and most common hereditary MD. The role of regulated forms of necrosis in myology is still in its infancy but there is increasing evidence that necroptosis, a genetically programmed form of necrosis, is involved in muscle degenerating disorders. The existence of apoptosis in myofibre demise will be questioned, while other forms of non-apoptotic RCDs may also have a role in myonecrosis, illustrating the complexity and possibly the heterogeneity of the cell death pathways in muscle degenerating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilien Bencze
- “Biology of the Neuromuscular System” Team, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), University Paris-Est Créteil, INSERM, U955 IMRB, 94010 Créteil, France;
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, IMRB, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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20
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Sanchez MM, Bagdasarian IA, Darch W, Morgan JT. Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9338-9383. [PMID: 36435511 PMCID: PMC9740367 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging remains a primary risk factor for a host of diseases, including leading causes of death. Aging and associated diseases are inherently multifactorial, with numerous contributing factors and phenotypes at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal scales. Despite the complexity of aging phenomena, models currently used in aging research possess limitations. Frequently used in vivo models often have important physiological differences, age at different rates, or are genetically engineered to match late disease phenotypes rather than early causes. Conversely, routinely used in vitro models lack the complex tissue-scale and systemic cues that are disrupted in aging. To fill in gaps between in vivo and traditional in vitro models, researchers have increasingly been turning to organotypic models, which provide increased physiological relevance with the accessibility and control of in vitro context. While powerful tools, the development of these models is a field of its own, and many aging researchers may be unaware of recent progress in organotypic models, or hesitant to include these models in their own work. In this review, we describe recent progress in tissue engineering applied to organotypic models, highlighting examples explicitly linked to aging and associated disease, as well as examples of models that are relevant to aging. We specifically highlight progress made in skin, gut, and skeletal muscle, and describe how recently demonstrated models have been used for aging studies or similar phenotypes. Throughout, this review emphasizes the accessibility of these models and aims to provide a resource for researchers seeking to leverage these powerful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M. Sanchez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | | - William Darch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jiao W, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y, Fan X, Tian L, Li X, Mi J. Ferroptosis and its role in skeletal muscle diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1051866. [PMID: 36406272 PMCID: PMC9669482 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1051866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation products, which regulates physiological and pathological processes in numerous organs and tissues. A growing body of research suggests that ferroptosis is a key causative factor in a variety of skeletal muscle diseases, including sarcopenia, rhabdomyolysis, rhabdomyosarcoma, and exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and various skeletal muscle diseases has not been investigated systematically. This review’s objective is to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms and signaling factors that regulate ferroptosis, including lipid peroxidation, iron/heme, amino acid metabolism, and autophagy. In addition, we tease out the role of ferroptosis in the progression of different skeletal muscle diseases and ferroptosis as a potential target for the treatment of multiple skeletal muscle diseases. This review can provide valuable reference for the research on the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle diseases, as well as for clinical prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Weikai Jiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuge Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuechun Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyan Li, ; Jia Mi,
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyan Li, ; Jia Mi,
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22
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Chen YF, Lee CW, Wu HH, Lin WT, Lee OK. Immunometabolism of macrophages regulates skeletal muscle regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948819. [PMID: 36147742 PMCID: PMC9485946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength disease. In addition, sarcopenia is tightly correlated with age-associated pathologies, such as sarcopenic obesity and osteoporosis. Further understanding of disease mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies in muscle regeneration requires a deeper knowledge of the interaction of skeletal muscle and other cells in the muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that requires a series of highly coordinated events involving communication between muscle stem cells and niche cells, such as muscle fibro/adipogenic progenitors and macrophages. Macrophages play a critical role in tissue regeneration and the maintenance of muscle homeostasis by producing growth factors and cytokines that regulate muscle stem cells and myofibroblast activation. Furthermore, the aging-related immune dysregulation associated with the release of trophic factors and the polarization in macrophages transiently affect the inflammatory phase and impair muscle regeneration. In this review, we focus on the role and regulation of macrophages in skeletal muscle regeneration and homeostasis. The aim of this review is to highlight the important roles of macrophages as a therapeutic target in age-related sarcopenia and the increasing understanding of how macrophages are regulated will help to advance skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chen
- Center for Translational Genomics Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Hsiang Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar K. Lee
- Center for Translational Genomics Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Oscar K. Lee,
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23
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Huo F, Liu Q, Liu H. Contribution of muscle satellite cells to sarcopenia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892749. [PMID: 36035464 PMCID: PMC9411786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a disorder characterized by age-related muscle loss and reduced muscle strength, is associated with decreased individual independence and quality of life, as well as a high risk of death. Skeletal muscle houses a normally mitotically quiescent population of adult stem cells called muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) that are responsible for muscle maintenance, growth, repair, and regeneration throughout the life cycle. Patients with sarcopenia are often exhibit dysregulation of MuSCs homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the etiology, assessment, and treatment of sarcopenia. We also discuss phenotypic and regulatory mechanisms of MuSC quiescence, activation, and aging states, as well as the controversy between MuSC depletion and sarcopenia. Finally, we give a multi-dimensional treatment strategy for sarcopenia based on improving MuSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Huo
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Hailiang Liu,
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24
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Swanson DL, Zhang Y, Jimenez AG. Skeletal muscle and metabolic flexibility in response to changing energy demands in wild birds. Front Physiol 2022; 13:961392. [PMID: 35936893 PMCID: PMC9353400 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.961392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypically plastic responses of animals to adjust to environmental variation are pervasive. Reversible plasticity (i.e., phenotypic flexibility), where adult phenotypes can be reversibly altered according to prevailing environmental conditions, allow for better matching of phenotypes to the environment and can generate fitness benefits but may also be associated with costs that trade-off with capacity for flexibility. Here, we review the literature on avian metabolic and muscle plasticity in response to season, temperature, migration and experimental manipulation of flight costs, and employ an integrative approach to explore the phenotypic flexibility of metabolic rates and skeletal muscle in wild birds. Basal (minimum maintenance metabolic rate) and summit (maximum cold-induced metabolic rate) metabolic rates are flexible traits in birds, typically increasing with increasing energy demands. Because skeletal muscles are important for energy use at the organismal level, especially to maximum rates of energy use during exercise or shivering thermogenesis, we consider flexibility of skeletal muscle at the tissue and ultrastructural levels in response to variations in the thermal environment and in workloads due to flight exercise. We also examine two major muscle remodeling regulatory pathways: myostatin and insulin-like growth factor -1 (IGF-1). Changes in myostatin and IGF-1 pathways are sometimes, but not always, regulated in a manner consistent with metabolic rate and muscle mass flexibility in response to changing energy demands in wild birds, but few studies have examined such variation so additional study is needed to fully understand roles for these pathways in regulating metabolic flexibility in birds. Muscle ultrastrutural variation in terms of muscle fiber diameter and associated myonuclear domain (MND) in birds is plastic and highly responsive to thermal variation and increases in workload, however, only a few studies have examined ultrastructural flexibility in avian muscle. Additionally, the relationship between myostatin, IGF-1, and satellite cell (SC) proliferation as it relates to avian muscle flexibility has not been addressed in birds and represents a promising avenue for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Swanson
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- College of Health Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ana Gabriela Jimenez
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ana Gabriela Jimenez,
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25
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Cirillo F, Mangiavini L, La Rocca P, Piccoli M, Ghiroldi A, Rota P, Tarantino A, Canciani B, Coviello S, Messina C, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Peretti GM, Anastasia L. Human Sarcopenic Myoblasts Can Be Rescued by Pharmacological Reactivation of HIF-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137114. [PMID: 35806119 PMCID: PMC9267002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and strength, is associated with metabolic disease and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is associated with decreased tissue vascularization and muscle atrophy. In this work, we investigated the role of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α in sarcopenia. To this end, we obtained skeletal muscle biopsies from elderly sarcopenic patients and compared them with those from young individuals. We found a decrease in the expression of HIF-1α and its target genes in sarcopenia, as well as of PAX7, the major stem cell marker of satellite cells, whereas the atrophy marker MURF1 was increased. We also isolated satellite cells from muscle biopsies and cultured them in vitro. We found that a pharmacological activation of HIF-1α and its target genes caused a reduction in skeletal muscle atrophy and activation of PAX7 gene expression. In conclusion, in this work we found that HIF-1α plays a role in sarcopenia and is involved in satellite cell homeostasis. These results support further studies to test whether pharmacological reactivation of HIF-1α could prevent and counteract sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Carmelo Messina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Peretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.M.); (C.M.); (G.M.P.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy; (P.L.R.); (P.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2643-7756
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Larson AA, Shams AS, McMillin SL, Sullivan BP, Vue C, Roloff ZA, Batchelor E, Kyba M, Lowe DA. Estradiol deficiency reduces the satellite cell pool by impairing cell cycle progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1123-C1137. [PMID: 35442828 PMCID: PMC9169829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00429.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The size of the satellite cell pool is reduced in estradiol (E2)-deficient female mice and humans. Here, we use a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to identify mechanisms, whereby E2 deficiency impairs satellite cell maintenance. By measuring satellite cell numbers in mice at several early time points postovariectomy (Ovx), we determine that satellite cell numbers decline by 33% between 10 and 14 days post-Ovx in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles. At 14 days post-Ovx, we demonstrate that satellite cells have a reduced propensity to transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases, compared with cells from ovary-intact mice, associated with changes in two key satellite cell cycle regulators, ccna2 and p16INK4a. Further, freshly isolated satellite cells treated with E2 in vitro have 62% greater cell proliferation and require less time to complete the first division. Using clonal and differentiation assays, we measured 69% larger satellite cell colonies and enhanced satellite cell-derived myoblast differentiation with E2 treatment compared with vehicle-treated cells. Together, these results identify a novel mechanism for preservation of the satellite cell pool by E2 via promotion of satellite cell cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexie A Larson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ahmed S Shams
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian P Sullivan
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cha Vue
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zachery A Roloff
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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27
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Aging and “rejuvenation” of resident stem cells — a new way to active longevity? КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents the current data on the methodology for assessing the biological and epigenetic age, describes the concept of the epigenetic clock, and characterizes the main types of resident stem cells and the specifics of their aging. It has been shown that age-related changes in organs and tissues, as well as age-related diseases, are largely due to the aging of resident stem cells. The latter represent an attractive target for cell rejuvenation, as they can be isolated, cultured ex vivo, modified, and re-introduced into the resident niches. Two main methodologies for the cellular rejuvenation are presented: genetic reprogramming with zeroing the age of a cell using transient expression of transcription factors, and various approaches to epigenetic rejuvenation. The close relationship between aging, regeneration, and oncogenesis, and between these factors and the functioning of resident stem cell niches requires further precision studies, which, we are sure, can result in the creation of an effective anti-aging strategy and prolongation of human active life.
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28
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Kirby TJ, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Cross Talk proposal: Myonuclei are lost with ageing and atrophy. J Physiol 2022; 600:2077-2080. [PMID: 35388910 PMCID: PMC9197225 DOI: 10.1113/jp282380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kirby
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy and Center for Muscle Biology, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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29
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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30
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Mori T, Onodera Y, Itokazu M, Takehara T, Shigi K, Iwawaki N, Akagi M, Teramura T. Depletion of NIMA-related kinase Nek2 induces aberrant self-renewal and apoptosis in stem/progenitor cells of aged muscular tissues. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 201:111619. [PMID: 34995645 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Frailty of the locomotory organs has become a widespread problem in the geriatric population. The major factor leading to frailty is an age-associated decrease in muscular mass and a reduced number of muscular cells and myofibers. In aged muscular tissues, muscular satellite cells (MuSCs) are reduced due to abnormalities in their self-renewal and the induction of apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanisms connecting aging-associated physiological changes and the reduction of MuSCs are largely unknown. NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2), a member of the Nek family of serine/threonine kinases, was found to be downregulated in aged MuSCs/progenitors. Further, Nek2 downregulation was found to inhibit self-renewal and apoptotic cell death by activating the p53-dependent checkpoint. Attenuated NEK2 expression was also observed in the muscular tissues of elderly donors, and its function was confirmed to be conserved in humans. Overall, this study proposes a novel mechanism for inducing muscular atrophy to understand aging-associated muscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuta Onodera
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Japan
| | - Maki Itokazu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kanae Shigi
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Japan
| | - Natsumi Iwawaki
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Japan.
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31
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Picerno A, Stasi A, Franzin R, Curci C, di Bari I, Gesualdo L, Sallustio F. Why stem/progenitor cells lose their regenerative potential. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1714-1732. [PMID: 34909119 PMCID: PMC8641024 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is clear that adult stem cells, also called as tissue stem cells, play a central role to repair and maintain the tissue in which they reside by their self-renewal ability and capacity of differentiating into distinct and specialized cells. As stem cells age, their renewal ability declines and their capacity to maintain organ homeostasis and regeneration is impaired. From a molecular perspective, these changes in stem cells properties can be due to several types of cell intrinsic injury and DNA aberrant alteration (i.e epigenomic profile) as well as changes in the tissue microenviroment, both into the niche and by systemic circulating factors. Strikingly, it has been suggested that aging-induced deterioration of stem cell functions may play a key role in the pathophysiology of the various aging-associated disorders. Therefore, understanding how resident stem cell age and affects near and distant tissues is fundamental. Here, we examine the current knowledge about aging mechanisms in several kinds of adult stem cells under physiological and pathological conditions and the principal aging-related changes in number, function and phenotype that determine the loss of tissue renewal properties. Furthermore, we examine the possible cell rejuvenation strategies. Stem cell rejuvenation may reverse the aging phenotype and the discovery of effective methods for inducing and differentiating pluripotent stem cells for cell replacement therapies could open up new possibilities for treating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Picerno
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stasi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rossana Franzin
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Claudia Curci
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Ighli di Bari
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Fabio Sallustio
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari 70124, Italy
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32
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Xie N, Chu SN, Azzag K, Schultz CB, Peifer LN, Kyba M, Perlingeiro RCR, Chan SSK. In vitro expanded skeletal myogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas have high engraftment capacity. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2900-2912. [PMID: 34798067 PMCID: PMC8693664 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One major challenge in realizing cell-based therapy for treating muscle-wasting disorders is the difficulty in obtaining therapeutically meaningful amounts of engraftable cells. We have previously described a method to generate skeletal myogenic progenitors with exceptional engraftability from pluripotent stem cells via teratoma formation. Here, we show that these cells are functionally expandable in vitro while retaining their in vivo regenerative potential. Within 37 days in culture, teratoma-derived skeletal myogenic progenitors were expandable to a billion-fold. Similar to their freshly sorted counterparts, the expanded cells expressed PAX7 and were capable of forming multinucleated myotubes in vitro. Importantly, these cells remained highly regenerative in vivo. Upon transplantation, the expanded cells formed new DYSTROPHIN+ fibers that reconstituted up to 40% of tibialis anterior muscle volume and repopulated the muscle stem cell pool. Our study thereby demonstrates the possibility of producing large quantities of engraftable skeletal myogenic cells for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sabrina N Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Karim Azzag
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cassandra B Schultz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Lindsay N Peifer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rita C R Perlingeiro
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street SE, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Samoilova EM, Belopasov VV, Ekusheva EV, Zhang C, Troitskiy AV, Baklaushev VP. Epigenetic Clock and Circadian Rhythms in Stem Cell Aging and Rejuvenation. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1050. [PMID: 34834402 PMCID: PMC8620936 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current understanding of the interaction between circadian rhythms of gene expression and epigenetic clocks characterized by the specific profile of DNA methylation in CpG-islands which mirror the senescence of all somatic cells and stem cells in particular. Basic mechanisms of regulation for circadian genes CLOCK-BMAL1 as well as downstream clock-controlled genes (ССG) are also discussed here. It has been shown that circadian rhythms operate by the finely tuned regulation of transcription and rely on various epigenetic mechanisms including the activation of enhancers/suppressors, acetylation/deacetylation of histones and other proteins as well as DNA methylation. Overall, up to 20% of all genes expressed by the cell are subject to expression oscillations associated with circadian rhythms. Additionally included in the review is a brief list of genes involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, along with genes important for cell aging, and oncogenesis. Eliminating some of them (for example, Sirt1) accelerates the aging process, while the overexpression of Sirt1, on the contrary, protects against age-related changes. Circadian regulators control a number of genes that activate the cell cycle (Wee1, c-Myc, p20, p21, and Cyclin D1) and regulate histone modification and DNA methylation. Approaches for determining the epigenetic age from methylation profiles across CpG islands in individual cells are described. DNA methylation, which characterizes the function of the epigenetic clock, appears to link together such key biological processes as regeneration and functioning of stem cells, aging and malignant transformation. Finally, the main features of adult stem cell aging in stem cell niches and current possibilities for modulating the epigenetic clock and stem cells rejuvenation as part of antiaging therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M. Samoilova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (V.P.B.)
| | | | - Evgenia V. Ekusheva
- Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 125371 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Chao Zhang
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China;
| | - Alexander V. Troitskiy
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (V.P.B.)
| | - Vladimir P. Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.T.); (V.P.B.)
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Control of satellite cell function in muscle regeneration and its disruption in ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 23:204-226. [PMID: 34663964 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contains a designated population of adult stem cells, called satellite cells, which are generally quiescent. In homeostasis, satellite cells proliferate only sporadically and usually by asymmetric cell division to replace myofibres damaged by daily activity and maintain the stem cell pool. However, satellite cells can also be robustly activated upon tissue injury, after which they undergo symmetric divisions to generate new stem cells and numerous proliferating myoblasts that later differentiate to muscle cells (myocytes) to rebuild the muscle fibre, thereby supporting skeletal muscle regeneration. Recent discoveries show that satellite cells have a great degree of population heterogeneity, and that their cell fate choices during the regeneration process are dictated by both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Extrinsic cues come largely from communication with the numerous distinct stromal cell types in their niche, creating a dynamically interactive microenvironment. This Review discusses the role and regulation of satellite cells in skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In particular, we highlight the cell-intrinsic control of quiescence versus activation, the importance of satellite cell-niche communication, and deregulation of these mechanisms associated with ageing. The increasing understanding of how satellite cells are regulated will help to advance muscle regeneration and rejuvenation therapies.
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Ganassi M, Zammit PS, Hughes SM. Isolation of Myofibres and Culture of Muscle Stem Cells from Adult Zebrafish. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4149. [PMID: 34604454 PMCID: PMC8443456 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles generate force throughout life and require maintenance and repair to ensure efficiency. The population of resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs), termed satellite cells, dwells beneath the basal lamina of adult myofibres and contributes to both muscle growth and regeneration. Upon exposure to activating signals, MuSCs proliferate to generate myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to grow or regenerate myofibres. This myogenic progression resembles aspects of muscle formation and development during embryogenesis. Therefore, the study of MuSCs and their associated myofibres permits the exploration of muscle stem cell biology, including the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying muscle formation, maintenance and repair. As most aspects of MuSC biology have been described in rodents, their relevance to other species, including humans, is unclear and would benefit from comparison to an alternative vertebrate system. Here, we describe a procedure for the isolation and immunolabelling or culture of adult zebrafish myofibres that allows examination of both myofibre characteristics and MuSC biology ex vivo. Isolated myofibres can be analysed for morphometric characteristics such as the myofibre volume and myonuclear domain to assess the dynamics of muscle growth. Immunolabelling for canonical stemness markers or reporter transgenes identifies MuSCs on isolated myofibres for cellular/molecular studies. Furthermore, viable myofibres can be plated, allowing MuSC myogenesis and analysis of proliferative and differentiative dynamics in primary progenitor cells. In conclusion, we provide a comparative system to amniote models for the study of vertebrate myogenesis, which will reveal fundamental genetic and cellular mechanisms of MuSC biology and inform aquaculture. Graphic abstract: Schematic of Myofibre Isolation and Culture of Muscle Stem Cells from Adult Zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter S. Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon M. Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Arpke RW, Shams AS, Collins BC, Larson AA, Lu N, Lowe DA, Kyba M. Preservation of satellite cell number and regenerative potential with age reveals locomotory muscle bias. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:22. [PMID: 34481522 PMCID: PMC8418011 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although muscle regenerative capacity declines with age, the extent to which this is due to satellite cell-intrinsic changes vs. environmental changes has been controversial. The majority of aging studies have investigated hindlimb locomotory muscles, principally the tibialis anterior, in caged sedentary mice, where those muscles are abnormally under-exercised. METHODS We analyze satellite cell numbers in 8 muscle groups representing locomotory and non-locomotory muscles in young and 2-year-old mice and perform transplantation assays of low numbers of hind limb satellite cells from young and old mice. RESULTS We find that satellite cell density does not decline significantly by 2 years of age in most muscles, and one muscle, the masseter, shows a modest but statistically significant increase in satellite cell density with age. The tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus were clear exceptions, showing significant declines. We quantify self-renewal using a transplantation assay. Dose dilution revealed significant non-linearity in self-renewal above a very low threshold, suggestive of competition between satellite cells for space within the pool. Assaying within the linear range, i.e., transplanting fewer than 1000 cells, revealed no evidence of decline in cell-autonomous self-renewal or regenerative potential of 2-year-old murine satellite cells. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate the value of comparative muscle analysis as opposed to overreliance on locomotory muscles, which are not used physiologically in aging sedentary mice, and suggest that self-renewal impairment with age is precipitously acquired at the geriatric stage, rather than being gradual over time, as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Arpke
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Present address: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 105 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ahmed S Shams
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Brittany C Collins
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Present address: Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Alexie A Larson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nguyen Lu
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Interaction of Fibromodulin and Myostatin to Regulate Skeletal Muscle Aging: An Opposite Regulation in Muscle Aging, Diabetes, and Intracellular Lipid Accumulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082083. [PMID: 34440852 PMCID: PMC8393414 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate fibromodulin (FMOD) and myostatin (MSTN) gene expressions during skeletal muscle aging and to understand their involvements in this process. The expressions of genes related to muscle aging (Atrogin 1 and Glb1), diabetes (RAGE and CD163), and lipid accumulation (CD36 and PPARγ) and those of FMOD and MSTN were examined in CTX-injected, aged, MSTN−/−, and high-fat diet (HFD) mice and in C2C12 myoblasts treated with ceramide or grown under adipogenic conditions. Results from CTX-injected mice and gene knockdown experiments in C2C12 cells suggested the involvement of FMOD during muscle regeneration and myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Downregulation of the FMOD gene in MSTN−/− mice, and MSTN upregulation and FMOD downregulation in FMOD and MSTN knockdown C2C12 cells, respectively, during their differentiation, suggested FMOD negatively regulates MSTN gene expression, and MSTN positively regulates FMOD gene expression. The results of our in vivo and in vitro experiments indicate FMOD inhibits muscle aging by negatively regulating MSTN gene expression or by suppressing the action of MSTN protein, and that MSTN promotes muscle aging by positively regulating the expressions of Atrogin1, CD36, and PPARγ genes in muscle.
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Gras S, Blasco A, Mòdol-Caballero G, Tarabal O, Casanovas A, Piedrafita L, Barranco A, Das T, Rueda R, Pereira SL, Navarro X, Esquerda JE, Calderó J. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with green tea catechins and cocoa flavanols on aging-related regressive changes in the mouse neuromuscular system. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18051-18093. [PMID: 34319911 PMCID: PMC8351677 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Besides skeletal muscle wasting, sarcopenia entails morphological and molecular changes in distinct components of the neuromuscular system, including spinal cord motoneurons (MNs) and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs); moreover, noticeable microgliosis has also been observed around aged MNs. Here we examined the impact of two flavonoid-enriched diets containing either green tea extract (GTE) catechins or cocoa flavanols on age-associated regressive changes in the neuromuscular system of C57BL/6J mice. Compared to control mice, GTE- and cocoa-supplementation significantly improved the survival rate of mice, reduced the proportion of fibers with lipofuscin aggregates and central nuclei, and increased the density of satellite cells in skeletal muscles. Additionally, both supplements significantly augmented the number of innervated NMJs and their degree of maturity compared to controls. GTE, but not cocoa, prominently increased the density of VAChT and VGluT2 afferent synapses on MNs, which were lost in control aged spinal cords; conversely, cocoa, but not GTE, significantly augmented the proportion of VGluT1 afferent synapses on aged MNs. Moreover, GTE, but not cocoa, reduced aging-associated microgliosis and increased the proportion of neuroprotective microglial phenotypes. Our data indicate that certain plant flavonoids may be beneficial in the nutritional management of age-related deterioration of the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Gras
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alba Blasco
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Guillem Mòdol-Caballero
- Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Olga Tarabal
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Casanovas
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Lídia Piedrafita
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Alejandro Barranco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Research and Development, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Ricardo Rueda
- Abbott Nutrition, Research and Development, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Navarro
- Grup de Neuroplasticitat i Regeneració, Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBERNED, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep E. Esquerda
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Calderó
- Unitat de Neurobiologia Cel·lular, Departament de Medicina Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida and Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain
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van Ingen MJA, Kirby TJ. LINCing Nuclear Mechanobiology With Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:690577. [PMID: 34368139 PMCID: PMC8335485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.690577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle demonstrates a high degree of adaptability in response to changes in mechanical input. The phenotypic transformation in response to mechanical cues includes changes in muscle mass and force generating capabilities, yet the molecular pathways that govern skeletal muscle adaptation are still incompletely understood. While there is strong evidence that mechanotransduction pathways that stimulate protein synthesis play a key role in regulation of muscle mass, there are likely additional mechano-sensitive mechanisms important for controlling functional muscle adaptation. There is emerging evidence that the cell nucleus can directly respond to mechanical signals (i.e., nuclear mechanotransduction), providing a potential additional level of cellular regulation for controlling skeletal muscle mass. The importance of nuclear mechanotransduction in cellular function is evident by the various genetic diseases that arise from mutations in proteins crucial to the transmission of force between the cytoskeleton and the nucleus. Intriguingly, these diseases preferentially affect cardiac and skeletal muscle, suggesting that nuclear mechanotransduction is critically important for striated muscle homeostasis. Here we discuss our current understanding for how the nucleus acts as a mechanosensor, describe the main cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins involved in the process, and propose how similar mechanoresponsive mechanisms could occur in the unique cellular environment of a myofiber. In addition, we examine how nuclear mechanotransduction fits into our current framework for how mechanical stimuli regulates skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J A van Ingen
- Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tyler J Kirby
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Prasad V, Millay DP. Skeletal muscle fibers count on nuclear numbers for growth. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:3-10. [PMID: 33972174 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle cells are noteworthy for their syncytial nature, with each myofiber accumulating hundreds or thousands of nuclei derived from resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs). These nuclei are accrued through cell fusion, which is controlled by the two essential fusogens Myomaker and Myomerger that are transiently expressed within the myogenic lineage. While the absolute requirement of fusion for muscle development has been known for decades, the underlying need for the magnitude of multinucleation in muscle remains mysterious. Possible advantages of multinucleation include the potential it affords for transcriptional diversity within these massive cells, and as a means of increasing DNA content to support optimal cell size and function. In this article, we review recent advances that elucidate the relationship between myonuclear numbers and establishment of myofiber size, and discuss how this new information refines our understanding of the concept of myonuclear domains (MND), the cytoplasmic volumes that each resident myonucleus can support. Finally, we explore the potential consequences and costs of multinucleation and its impacts on myonuclear transcriptional reserve capacity, growth potential, myofiber size regulation, and muscle adaptability. We anticipate this report will not only serve to highlight the latest advances in the basic biology of syncytial muscle cells but also provide information to help design the next generation of therapeutic strategies to maintain muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Prasad
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Snijders T, Holwerda AM, Loon LJC, Verdijk LB. Myonuclear content and domain size in small versus larger muscle fibres in response to 12 weeks of resistance exercise training in older adults. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13599. [PMID: 33314750 PMCID: PMC8047909 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the relation between muscle fibre hypertrophy and myonuclear accretion in relatively small and large muscle fibre size clusters following prolonged resistance exercise training in older adults. METHODS Muscle biopsies were collected before and after 12 weeks of resistance exercise training in 40 healthy, older men (70 ± 3 years). All muscle fibres were ordered by size and categorized in four muscle fibre size clusters: 'Small': 2000-3999 µm2 , 'Moderate': 4000-5999 µm2 , 'Large': 6000-7999 µm2 and 'Largest': 8000-9999 µm2 . Changes in muscle fibre size cluster distribution were related to changes in muscle fibre size, myonuclear content and myonuclear domain size. RESULTS With training, the percentage of muscle fibres decreased in the Small (from 23 ± 12 to 17 ± 14%, P < .01) and increased in the Largest (from 11 ± 8 to 15 ± 10%, P < .01) muscle fibre size clusters. The decline in the percentage of Small muscle fibres was accompanied by an increase in overall myonuclear domain size (r = -.466, P = .002) and myonuclear content (r = -.390, P = .013). In contrast, the increase in the percentage of the Largest muscle fibres was accompanied by an overall increase in myonuclear content (r = .616, P < .001), but not in domain size. CONCLUSION Prolonged resistance-type exercise training induces a decline in the percentage of small as well as an increase in the percentage of the largest muscle fibres in older adults. Whereas the change in the percentage of small fibres is best predicted by an increase in overall myonuclear domain size, the change in the percentage of the largest fibres is associated with an overall increase in myonuclear content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Snijders
- Human Biology School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Andy M. Holwerda
- Human Biology School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Luc J. C. Loon
- Human Biology School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Lex B. Verdijk
- Human Biology School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
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"Empowering" Cardiac Cells via Stem Cell Derived Mitochondrial Transplantation- Does Age Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041824. [PMID: 33673127 PMCID: PMC7918132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With cardiovascular diseases affecting millions of patients, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. The use of stem cell based approaches has been investigated during the last decades and promising effects have been achieved. However, the beneficial effect of stem cells has been found to being partly due to paracrine functions by alterations of their microenvironment and so an interesting field of research, the “stem- less” approaches has emerged over the last years using or altering the microenvironment, for example, via deletion of senescent cells, application of micro RNAs or by modifying the cellular energy metabolism via targeting mitochondria. Using autologous muscle-derived mitochondria for transplantations into the affected tissues has resulted in promising reports of improvements of cardiac functions in vitro and in vivo. However, since the targeted treatment group represents mainly elderly or otherwise sick patients, it is unclear whether and to what extent autologous mitochondria would exert their beneficial effects in these cases. Stem cells might represent better sources for mitochondria and could enhance the effect of mitochondrial transplantations. Therefore in this review we aim to provide an overview on aging effects of stem cells and mitochondria which might be important for mitochondrial transplantation and to give an overview on the current state in this field together with considerations worthwhile for further investigations.
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Yeo HS, Lim JY, Ahn NY. Effects of Aging on Angiogenic and Muscle Growth-Related Factors in Naturally Aged Rat Skeletal Muscles. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2020; 24:305-312. [PMID: 33389976 PMCID: PMC7781957 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.20.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored the effects of aging on the expression of angiogenic and muscle protein synthesis factors, as well as the number of satellite cells affecting sarcopenia in naturally aged rat skeletal muscles. Methods We divided 16 Sprague-Dawley rats into young (12 weeks old, n=8) and old (24 months old, n=8) groups and compared muscle and body weight (BW) between them. We also analyzed the expression levels of angiogenic and muscle growth proteins in soleus (slow-twitch) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL; fast-twitch) muscles by western blotting and assessed the number of skeletal muscle satellite cells and myonuclei and mean fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) using by immunofluorescence staining. Results EDL/BW was significantly lower in old rats than in young rats (p=0.002). The vascular endothelial growth factor level in soleus muscles was significantly lower in old rats than in young rats (p=0.001). Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and fetal liver kinase 1 levels in EDL muscles were lower in old rats than in young rats (p=0.001). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 levels were significantly lower in the soleus muscles of old rats than in those of young rats (p<0.01). Similarly, insulin growth factor-1, Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K levels were significantly lower in EDL muscles of old rats than in those of young rats (p<0.01). Additionally, myonuclei/fiber, Pax7/fiber, and mean fiber CSAs in both muscle types were significantly lower in old rats than in young rats (p<0.01). Conclusion These data suggest different regulation of indices of angiogenic and muscle growth with aging in different muscle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Seong Yeo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Na-Young Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Tidball JG, Flores I, Welc SS, Wehling-Henricks M, Ochi E. Aging of the immune system and impaired muscle regeneration: A failure of immunomodulation of adult myogenesis. Exp Gerontol 2020; 145:111200. [PMID: 33359378 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration that follows acute injury is strongly influenced by interactions with immune cells that invade and proliferate in the damaged tissue. Discoveries over the past 20 years have identified many of the key mechanisms through which myeloid cells, especially macrophages, regulate muscle regeneration. In addition, lymphoid cells that include CD8+ T-cells and regulatory T-cells also significantly affect the course of muscle regeneration. During aging, the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines, which can contribute to progressive loss of muscle mass and function. Those age-related reductions in muscle regeneration are accompanied by systemic, age-related changes in the immune system, that affect many of the myeloid and lymphoid cell populations that can influence muscle regeneration. In this review, we present recent discoveries that indicate that aging of the immune system contributes to the diminished regenerative capacity of aging muscle. Intrinsic, age-related changes in immune cells modify their expression of factors that affect the function of a population of muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, that are necessary for normal muscle regeneration. For example, age-related reductions in the expression of growth differentiation factor-3 (GDF3) or CXCL10 by macrophages negatively affect adult myogenesis, by disrupting regulatory interactions between macrophages and satellite cells. Those changes contribute to a reduction in the numbers and myogenic capacity of satellite cells in old muscle, which reduces their ability to restore damaged muscle. In addition, aging produces changes in the expression of molecules that regulate the inflammatory response to injured muscle, which also contributes to age-related defects in muscle regeneration. For example, age-related increases in the production of osteopontin by macrophages disrupts the normal inflammatory response to muscle injury, resulting in regenerative defects. These nascent findings represent the beginning of a newly-developing field of investigation into mechanisms through which aging of the immune system affects muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Ivan Flores
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven S Welc
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Eisuke Ochi
- Hosei University, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, 3-7-2, Kajino, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
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Jimenez AG. Structural plasticity of the avian pectoralis: a case for geometry and the forgotten organelle. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:223/23/jeb234120. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.234120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The avian pectoralis muscle demonstrates incredible plasticity. This muscle is the sole thermogenic organ of small passerine birds, and many temperate small passerines increase pectoralis mass in winter, potentially to increase heat production. Similarly, this organ can double in size prior to migration in migratory birds. In this Commentary, following the August Krogh principle, I argue that the avian pectoralis is the perfect tissue to reveal general features of muscle physiology. For example, in both mammals and birds, skeletal muscle fiber diameter is generally accepted to be within 10–100 µm. This size constraint is assumed to include reaction-diffusion limitations, coupled with metabolic cost savings associated with fiber geometry. However, avian muscle fiber structure has been largely ignored in this field, and the extensive remodeling of the avian pectoralis provides a system with which to investigate this. In addition, fiber diameter has been linked to whole-animal metabolic rates, although this has only been addressed in a handful of bird studies, some of which demonstrate previously unreported levels of plasticity and flexibility. Similarly, myonuclei, which are responsible for protein turnover within the fiber, have been forgotten in the avian literature. The few studies that have addressed myonuclear domain (MND) changes in avian muscle have found rates of change not previously seen in mammals. Both fiber diameter and MND have strong implications for aging rates; most aging mammals demonstrate muscular atrophy (a decrease in fiber diameter) and changes in MND. As I discuss here, these features are likely to differ in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gabriela Jimenez
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
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Murach KA, Mobley CB, Zdunek CJ, Frick KK, Jones SR, McCarthy JJ, Peterson CA, Dungan CM. Muscle memory: myonuclear accretion, maintenance, morphology, and miRNA levels with training and detraining in adult mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1705-1722. [PMID: 32881361 PMCID: PMC7749570 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of mass regulation, 'muscle memory' can be defined as long-lasting cellular adaptations to hypertrophic exercise training that persist during detraining-induced atrophy and may facilitate future adaptation. The cellular basis of muscle memory is not clearly defined but may be related to myonuclear number and/or epigenetic changes within muscle fibres. METHODS Utilizing progressive weighted wheel running (PoWeR), a novel murine exercise training model, we explored myonuclear dynamics and skeletal muscle miRNA levels with training and detraining utilizing immunohistochemistry, single fibre myonuclear analysis, and quantitative analysis of miRNAs. We also used a genetically inducible mouse model of fluorescent myonuclear labelling to study myonuclear adaptations early during exercise. RESULTS In the soleus, oxidative type 2a fibres were larger after 2 months of PoWeR (P = 0.02), but muscle fibre size and myonuclear number did not return to untrained levels after 6 months of detraining. Soleus type 1 fibres were not larger after PoWeR but had significantly more myonuclei, as well as central nuclei (P < 0.0001), the latter from satellite cell-derived or resident myonuclei, appearing early during training and remaining with detraining. In the gastrocnemius muscle, oxidative type 2a fibres of the deep region were larger and contained more myonuclei after PoWeR (P < 0.003), both of which returned to untrained levels after detraining. In the gastrocnemius and plantaris, two muscles where myonuclear number was comparable with untrained levels after 6 months of detraining, myonuclei were significantly elongated with detraining (P < 0.0001). In the gastrocnemius, miR-1 was lower with training and remained lower after detraining (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study found that (i) myonuclei gained during hypertrophy are lost with detraining across muscles, even in oxidative fibres; (ii) complete reversal of muscle adaptations, including myonuclear number, to untrained levels occurs within 6 months in the plantaris and gastrocnemius; (iii) the murine soleus is resistant to detraining; (iv) myonuclear accretion occurs early with wheel running and can be uncoupled from muscle fibre hypertrophy; (v) resident (non-satellite cell-derived) myonuclei can adopt a central location; (vi) myonuclei change shape with training and detraining; and (vii) miR-1 levels may reflect a memory of previous adaptation that facilitates future growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Murach
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - C. Brooks Mobley
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | | | | | | | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Charlotte A. Peterson
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Cory M. Dungan
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Sanders‐Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
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Chemoradiation impairs myofiber hypertrophic growth in a pediatric tumor model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19501. [PMID: 33177579 PMCID: PMC7659015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation, where off-target effects can include skeletal muscle decline. The effect of such treatments on juvenile skeletal muscle growth has yet to be investigated. We employed a small animal irradiator to administer fractionated hindlimb irradiation to juvenile mice bearing implanted rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) tumors. Hindlimb-targeted irradiation (3 × 8.2 Gy) of 4-week-old mice successfully eliminated RMS tumors implanted one week prior. After establishment of this preclinical model, a cohort of tumor-bearing mice were injected with the chemotherapeutic drug, vincristine, alone or in combination with fractionated irradiation (5 × 4.8 Gy). Single myofiber analysis of fast-contracting extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow-contracting soleus (SOL) muscles was conducted 3 weeks post-treatment. Although a reduction in myofiber size was apparent, EDL and SOL myonuclear number were differentially affected by juvenile irradiation and/or vincristine treatment. In contrast, a decrease in myonuclear domain (myofiber volume/myonucleus) was observed regardless of muscle or treatment. Thus, inhibition of myofiber hypertrophic growth is a consistent feature of pediatric cancer treatment.
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Ganassi M, Badodi S, Wanders K, Zammit PS, Hughes SM. Myogenin is an essential regulator of adult myofibre growth and muscle stem cell homeostasis. eLife 2020; 9:e60445. [PMID: 33001028 PMCID: PMC7599067 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle fibres depend on coordinated activation and return to quiescence of resident muscle stem cells (MuSCs). The transcription factor Myogenin (Myog) regulates myocyte fusion during development, but its role in adult myogenesis remains unclear. In contrast to mice, myog-/-zebrafish are viable, but have hypotrophic muscles. By isolating adult myofibres with associated MuSCs, we found that myog-/- myofibres have severely reduced nuclear number, but increased myonuclear domain size. Expression of fusogenic genes is decreased, Pax7 upregulated, MuSCs are fivefold more numerous and mis-positioned throughout the length of myog-/-myofibres instead of localising at myofibre ends as in wild-type. Loss of Myog dysregulates mTORC1 signalling, resulting in an 'alerted' state of MuSCs, which display precocious activation and faster cell cycle entry ex vivo, concomitant with myod upregulation. Thus, beyond controlling myocyte fusion, Myog influences the MuSC:niche relationship, demonstrating a multi-level contribution to muscle homeostasis throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ganassi
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sara Badodi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kees Wanders
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Estrogen Regulates the Satellite Cell Compartment in Females. Cell Rep 2020; 28:368-381.e6. [PMID: 31291574 PMCID: PMC6655560 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity decline with age, with many measures showing a greater deterioration in females around the time estrogen levels decrease at menopause. Here, we show that estrogen deficiency severely compromises the maintenance of muscle stem cells (i.e., satellite cells) as well as impairs self-renewal and differentiation into muscle fibers. Mechanistically, by hormone replacement, use of a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (bazedoxifene), and conditional estrogen receptor knockout, we implicate 17β-estradiol and satellite cell expression of estrogen receptor α and show that estrogen signaling through this receptor is necessary to prevent apoptosis of satellite cells. Early data from a biopsy study of women who transitioned from peri- to post-menopause are consistent with the loss of satellite cells coincident with the decline in estradiol in humans. Together, these results demonstrate an important role for estrogen in satellite cell maintenance and muscle regeneration in females. Collins et al. show the loss of estrogen in female mice and post-menopausal women leads to a decrease in skeletal muscle stem cells. Using muscle stem cell-specific mutants, it was demonstrated that ERα is necessary for satellite cell maintenance, self-renewal, and protection from apoptosis, thereby promoting optimal muscle regeneration.
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Gross KM, Zhou W, Breindel JL, Ouyang J, Jin DX, Sokol ES, Gupta PB, Huber K, Zou L, Kuperwasser C. Loss of Slug Compromises DNA Damage Repair and Accelerates Stem Cell Aging in Mammary Epithelium. Cell Rep 2020; 28:394-407.e6. [PMID: 31291576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage activates checkpoints that limit the replicative potential of stem cells, including differentiation. These checkpoints protect against cancer development but also promote tissue aging. Because mice lacking Slug/Snai2 exhibit limited stem cell activity, including luminobasal differentiation, and are protected from mammary cancer, we reasoned that Slug might regulate DNA damage checkpoints in mammary epithelial cells. Here, we show that Slug facilitates efficient execution of RPA32-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Slug deficiency leads to delayed phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR) and its effectors RPA32 and CHK1. This leads to impaired RAD51 recruitment to DNA damage sites and persistence of unresolved DNA damage. In vivo, Slug/Snai2 loss leads to increased DNA damage and premature aging of mammary epithelium. Collectively, our work demonstrates that the mammary stem cell regulator Slug controls DDR checkpoints by dually inhibiting differentiation and facilitating DDR repair, and its loss causes unresolved DNA damage and accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Gross
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jerrica L Breindel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT 06518, USA
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dexter X Jin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ethan S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Piyush B Gupta
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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