1
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Kofuji S, Wolfe K, Sumita K, Kageyama S, Yoshino H, Hirota Y, Ogawa-Iio A, Kanoh H, Sasaki M, Kofuji K, Davis MI, Pragani R, Shen M, Boxer MB, Nakatsu F, Nigorikawa K, Sasaki T, Takeuchi K, Senda T, Kim SM, Edinger AL, Simeonov A, Sasaki AT. A high dose KRP203 induces cytoplasmic vacuoles associated with altered phosphoinositide segregation and endosome expansion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 718:149981. [PMID: 38735134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In animal cells, vacuoles are absent, but can be induced by diseases and drugs. While phosphoinositides are critical for membrane trafficking, their role in the formation of these vacuoles remains unclear. The immunosuppressive KRP203/Mocravimod, which antagonizes sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors, has been identified as having novel multimodal activity against phosphoinositide kinases. However, the impact of this novel KRP203 activity is unknown. Here, we show that KRP203 disrupts the spatial organization of phosphoinositides and induces extensive vacuolization in tumor cells and immortalized fibroblasts. The KRP203-induced vacuoles are primarily from endosomes, and augmented by inhibition of PIKFYVE and VPS34. Conversely, overexpression of PTEN decreased KRP203-induced vacuole formation. Furthermore, V-ATPase inhibition completely blunted KRP203-induced vacuolization, pointing to a critical requirement of the endosomal maturation process. Importantly, nearly a half of KRP203-induced vacuoles are significantly decorated with PI4P, a phosphoinositide typically enriched at the plasma membrane and Golgi. These results suggest a model that noncanonical spatial reorganization of phosphoinositides by KRP203 alters the endosomal maturation process, leading to vacuolization. Taken together, this study reveals a previously unrecognized bioactivity of KRP203 as a vacuole-inducing agent and its unique mechanism of phosphoinositide modulation, providing a new insight of phosphoinositide regulation into vacuolization-associated diseases and their molecular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kofuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kara Wolfe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kazutaka Sumita
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Endovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shun Kageyama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Aki Ogawa-Iio
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan
| | - Mika Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kaori Kofuji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mindy I Davis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Rajan Pragani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Fubito Nakatsu
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Nigorikawa
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan; Department of Accelerator Science, SOKENDAI, Japan; Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Seong M Kim
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Aimee L Edinger
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Atsuo T Sasaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center at UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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2
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Gopaldass N, Mayer A. PROPPINs and membrane fission in the endo-lysosomal system. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1233-1241. [PMID: 38747700 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
PROPPINs constitute a conserved protein family with multiple members being expressed in many eukaryotes. PROPPINs have mainly been investigated for their role in autophagy, where they co-operate with several core factors for autophagosome formation. Recently, novel functions of these proteins on endo-lysosomal compartments have emerged. PROPPINs support the division of these organelles and the formation of tubulo-vesicular cargo carriers that mediate protein exit from them, such as those generated by the Retromer coat. In both cases, PROPPINs provide membrane fission activity. Integrating information from yeast and human cells this review summarizes the most important molecular features that allow these proteins to facilitate membrane fission and thus provide a critical element to endo-lysosomal protein traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Gopaldass
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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3
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Gopaldass N, Chen KE, Collins B, Mayer A. Assembly and fission of tubular carriers mediating protein sorting in endosomes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024:10.1038/s41580-024-00746-8. [PMID: 38886588 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Endosomes are central protein-sorting stations at the crossroads of numerous membrane trafficking pathways in all eukaryotes. They have a key role in protein homeostasis and cellular signalling and are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Endosome-associated protein assemblies or coats collect transmembrane cargo proteins and concentrate them into retrieval domains. These domains can extend into tubular carriers, which then pinch off from the endosomal membrane and deliver the cargoes to appropriate subcellular compartments. Here we discuss novel insights into the structure of a number of tubular membrane coats that mediate the recruitment of cargoes into these carriers, focusing on sorting nexin-based coats such as Retromer, Commander and ESCPE-1. We summarize current and emerging views of how selective tubular endosomal carriers form and detach from endosomes by fission, highlighting structural aspects, conceptual challenges and open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Gopaldass
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Kai-En Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett Collins
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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4
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Chen Y, Liu S, Wei Y, Wei H, Yuan X, Xiong B, Tang M, Yang T, Yang Z, Ye H, Yang J, Chen L. Discovery of Potent and Selective Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate 5-Kinase (PIKfyve) Inhibitors as Methuosis Inducers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:165-179. [PMID: 38117948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic vacuolation-associated cell death, known as methuosis, offers a promising nonapoptotic approach for cancer treatment. In this study, we outline the synthesis and evaluation of potent methuosis-inducing compounds. These compounds selectively induce cell death, characterized by extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation in HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells. Notably, compound L22 exhibited a remarkable interaction with PIKfyve kinase, boasting a Kd value of 0.47 nM, surpassing the positive controls D-13 and MOMIPP in potency. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that cell death induced by compound L22 is unequivocally attributed to methuosis as it differs from apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. Importantly, when administered orally, L22 effectively inhibited tumor growth in a HeLa xenograft model without any apparent signs of toxicity. These results underscore the potential of L22 as a valuable tool for in-depth investigations into the mechanisms of methuosis and as a promising lead compound to guide structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research and Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuhan Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoche Wei
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
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5
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Sanyal A, Scanavachi G, Somerville E, Saminathan A, Nair A, Oikonomou A, Hatzakis NS, Kirchhausen T. Constitutive Endolysosomal Perforation in Neurons allows Induction of α-Synuclein Aggregation by Internalized Pre-Formed Fibrils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.30.573738. [PMID: 38260258 PMCID: PMC10802249 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.30.573738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The endocytic pathway is both an essential route of molecular uptake in cells and a potential entry point for pathology-inducing cargo. The cell-to-cell spread of cytotoxic aggregates, such as those of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Parkinson's Disease (PD), exemplifies this duality. Here we used a human iPSC-derived induced neuronal model (iNs) prone to death mediated by aggregation in late endosomes and lysosomes of endogenous α-syn, seeded by internalized pre-formed fibrils of α-syn (PFFs). This PFF-mediated death was not observed with parental iPSCs or other non-neuronal cells. Using live-cell optical microscopy to visualize the read out of biosensors reporting endo-lysosome wounding, we discovered that up to about 10% of late endosomes and lysosomes in iNs exhibited spontaneous constitutive perforations, regardless of the presence of internalized PFFs. This wounding, absent in parental iPSCs and non-neuronal cells, corresponded to partial damage by nanopores in the limiting membranes of a subset of endolysosomes directly observed by volumetric focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) in iNs and in CA1 pyramidal neurons from mouse brain, and not found in iPSCs or in other non-neuronal cells in culture or in mouse liver and skin. We suggest that the compromised limiting membranes in iNs and neurons in general are the primary conduit for cytosolic α-syn to access PFFs entrapped within endo-lysosomal lumens, initiating PFF-mediated α-syn aggregation. Significantly, eradicating the intrinsic endolysosomal perforations in iNs by inhibiting the endosomal Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate/Phosphatidylinositol 5-Kinase (PIKfyve kinase) using Apilimod or Vacuolin-1 markedly reduced PFF-induced α-syn aggregation, despite PFFs continuing to enter the endolysosomal compartment. Crucially, this intervention also diminished iN death associated with PFF incubation. Our results reveal the surprising presence of intrinsically perforated endo-lysosomes in neurons, underscoring their crucial early involvement in the genesis of toxic α-syn aggregates induced by internalized PFFs. This discovery offers a basis for employing PIKfyve kinase inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Sanyal
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gustavo Scanavachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elliott Somerville
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anand Saminathan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Athul Nair
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nikos S. Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Todd TW, Shao W, Zhang YJ, Petrucelli L. The endolysosomal pathway and ALS/FTD. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:1025-1041. [PMID: 37827960 PMCID: PMC10841821 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are considered to be part of a disease spectrum that is associated with causative mutations and risk variants in a wide range of genes. Mounting evidence indicates that several of these genes are linked to the endolysosomal system, highlighting the importance of this pathway in ALS/FTD. Although many studies have focused on how disruption of this pathway impacts on autophagy, recent findings reveal that this may not be the whole picture: specifically, disrupting autophagy may not be sufficient to induce disease, whereas disrupting the endolysosomal system could represent a crucial pathogenic driver. In this review we discuss the connections between ALS/FTD and the endolysosomal system, including a breakdown of how disease-associated genes are implicated in this pathway. We also explore the potential downstream consequences of disrupting endolysosomal activity in the brain, outside of an effect on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yong-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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7
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Van de Vyver T, Muntean C, Efimova I, Krysko DV, De Backer L, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. The alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin promotes cytosolic siRNA delivery from lysosomal compartments. J Control Release 2023; 364:142-158. [PMID: 37816483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is limited by the multiple extra- and intracellular barriers upon in vivo administration. Hence, suitable delivery systems, based on siRNA encapsulation in nanoparticles or its conjugation to targeting ligands, have been developed. Nevertheless, at the intracellular level, these state-of-the-art delivery systems still suffer from a low endosomal escape efficiency. Consequently, the bulk of the endocytosed siRNA drug rapidly accumulates in the lysosomal compartment. We recently reported that a wide variety of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) can promote small nucleic acid delivery from the endolysosomal compartment into the cytosol via transient induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Here, we describe the identification of alternate siRNA delivery enhancers from the NIH Clinical Compound Collection that do not have the typical physicochemical properties of CADs. Additionally, we demonstrate improved endolysosomal escape of siRNA via a cholesterol conjugate and polymeric carriers with the α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, which was identified as the best performing delivery enhancer from the compound screen. A more detailed assessment of the mode-of-action of prazosin suggests that a different cellular phenotype compared to typical CAD adjuvants drives cytosolic siRNA delivery. As it has been described in the literature that prazosin also induces cancer cell apoptosis and promotes antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells, the proof-of-concept data in this work provides opportunities for the repurposing of prazosin in an anti-cancer combination strategy with siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Van de Vyver
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cristina Muntean
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Lynn De Backer
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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8
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Weckerly CC, Hammond GR. Molding a PI(3,5)P2 biosensor. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202308004. [PMID: 37578524 PMCID: PMC10424508 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202308004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate-PI(3,5)P2-is known to be a key regulator of cellular traffic in health and disease, but its cellular localization was somewhat enigmatic until now, with the discovery of a new PI(3,5)P2 biosensor reported in this issue of JCB by Vines et al. (2023. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202209077).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C. Weckerly
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerald R.V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Wang H, Zhang J, Liu H, Wang M, Dong Y, Zhou Y, Wong SM, Xu K, Xu Q. A plant virus hijacks phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate to escape autophagic degradation in its insect vector. Autophagy 2023; 19:1128-1143. [PMID: 36093594 PMCID: PMC10012956 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2116676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hosts can initiate macroautophagy/autophagy as an antiviral defense response, while viruses have developed multiple ways to evade the host autophagic degradation. However, little is known as to whether viruses can target lipids to subvert autophagic degradation. Here, we show that a low abundant signaling lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), is required for rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) to evade the autophagic degradation in the insect vector Laodelphax striatellus. RBSDV binds to PtdIns(3,5)P2 and elevates its level through its main capsid protein P10, leading to inhibited autophagy and promoted virus propagation. Furthermore, we show that PtdIns(3,5)P2 inhibits the autophagy pathway by preventing the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes through activation of Trpml (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin), an effector of PtdIns(3,5)P2. These findings uncover a strategy whereby a plant virus hijacks PtdIns(3,5)P2 via its viral capsid protein to evade autophagic degradation and promote its survival in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haoqiu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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10
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Dellin M, Rohrbeck I, Asrani P, Schreiber JA, Ritter N, Glorius F, Wünsch B, Budde T, Temme L, Strünker T, Stallmeyer B, Tüttelmann F, Meuth SG, Spehr M, Matschke J, Steinbicker A, Gatsogiannis C, Stoll R, Strutz-Seebohm N, Seebohm G. The second PI(3,5)P 2 binding site in the S0 helix of KCNQ1 stabilizes PIP 2-at the primary PI1 site with potential consequences on intermediate-to-open state transition. Biol Chem 2023; 404:241-254. [PMID: 36809224 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase Type III PIKfyve is the main source for selectively generated phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2), a known regulator of membrane protein trafficking. PI(3,5)P2 facilitates the cardiac KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel plasma membrane abundance and therewith increases the macroscopic current amplitude. Functional-physical interaction of PI(3,5)P2 with membrane proteins and its structural impact is not sufficiently understood. This study aimed to identify molecular interaction sites and stimulatory mechanisms of the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel via the PIKfyve-PI(3,5)P2 axis. Mutational scanning at the intracellular membrane leaflet and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy identified two PI(3,5)P2 binding sites, the known PIP2 site PS1 and the newly identified N-terminal α-helix S0 as relevant for functional PIKfyve effects. Cd2+ coordination to engineered cysteines and molecular modeling suggest that repositioning of S0 stabilizes the channel s open state, an effect strictly dependent on parallel binding of PI(3,5)P2 to both sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Dellin
- IfGH-Cellular Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ina Rohrbeck
- IfGH-Cellular Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Purva Asrani
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy and RUBiospek|NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- IfGH-Cellular Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Ritter
- IfGH-Cellular Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Budde
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Louisa Temme
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Strünker
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 11, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Stallmeyer
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Reproductive Genetics, University of Münster, Vesaliusweg 12-14, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, D-45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Steinbicker
- Goethe University Frankfurt and University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics and Center for Soft Nanoscience, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Busso-Peus Strasse 10, D-48149, Germany
| | - Raphael Stoll
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy and RUBiospek|NMR, Ruhr University of Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm
- IfGH-Cellular Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- IfGH-Cellular Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 45, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Doijen J, Temmerman K, Van den Eynde C, Diels A, Van den Broeck N, Van Gool M, Heo I, Jaensch S, Zwaagstra M, Diosa Toro M, Chiu W, De Jonghe S, Leyssen P, Bojkova D, Ciesek S, Cinatl J, Verschueren L, Buyck C, Van Kuppeveld F, Neyts J, Van Loock M, Van Damme E. Identification of Z-Tyr-Ala-CHN 2, a Cathepsin L Inhibitor with Broad-Spectrum Cell-Specific Activity against Coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Microorganisms 2023; 11:717. [PMID: 36985290 PMCID: PMC10055926 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is partly under control by vaccination. However, highly potent and safe antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV-2 are still needed to avoid development of severe COVID-19. We report the discovery of a small molecule, Z-Tyr-Ala-CHN2, which was identified in a cell-based antiviral screen. The molecule exerts sub-micromolar antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and human coronavirus 229E. Time-of-addition studies reveal that Z-Tyr-Ala-CHN2 acts at the early phase of the infection cycle, which is in line with the observation that the molecule inhibits cathepsin L. This results in antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in VeroE6, A549-hACE2, and HeLa-hACE2 cells, but not in Caco-2 cells or primary human nasal epithelial cells since the latter two cell types also permit entry via transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2). Given their cell-specific activity, cathepsin L inhibitors still need to prove their value in the clinic; nevertheless, the activity profile of Z-Tyr-Ala-CHN2 makes it an interesting tool compound for studying the biology of coronavirus entry and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Doijen
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Koen Temmerman
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Annick Diels
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Inha Heo
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Steffen Jaensch
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marleen Zwaagstra
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, Virology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mayra Diosa Toro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, Virology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Winston Chiu
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Jonghe
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, Frankfurt University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, Frankfurt University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, Frankfurt University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lore Verschueren
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Christophe Buyck
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Kuppeveld
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 1, Virology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ellen Van Damme
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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12
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Polakowski N, Sarker MAK, Hoang K, Boateng G, Rushing AW, Kendle W, Pique C, Green PL, Panfil AR, Lemasson I. HBZ upregulates myoferlin expression to facilitate HTLV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011202. [PMID: 36827461 PMCID: PMC9994761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), primarily infects CD4+ T-cells in vivo. Infectious spread within this cell population requires direct contact between virally-infected and target cells. The HTLV-1 accessory protein, HBZ, was recently shown to enhance HTLV-1 infection by activating intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression, which promotes binding of infected cells to target cells and facilitates formation of a virological synapse. In this study we show that HBZ additionally enhances HTLV-1 infection by activating expression of myoferlin (MyoF), which functions in membrane fusion and repair and vesicle transport. Results from ChIP assays and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR indicate that HBZ forms a complex with c-Jun or JunB at two enhancer sites within the MYOF gene and activates transcription through recruitment of the coactivator p300/CBP. In HTLV-1-infected T-cells, specific inhibition of MyoF using the drug, WJ460, or shRNA-mediated knockdown of MyoF reduced infection efficiency. This effect was associated with a decrease in cell adhesion and an intracellular reduction in the abundance of HTLV-1 envelope (Env) surface unit (SU) and transmembrane domain (TM). Lysosomal protease inhibitors partially restored SU levels in WJ460-treated cells, and SU localization to LAMP-2 sites was increased by MyoF knockdown, suggesting that MyoF restricts SU trafficking to lysosomes for degradation. Consistent with these effects, less SU was associated with cell-free virus particles. Together, these data suggest that MyoF contributes to HTLV-1 infection through modulation of Env trafficking and cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Polakowski
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Md Abu Kawsar Sarker
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimson Hoang
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Georgina Boateng
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Amanda W. Rushing
- Catawba College, Department of Biology, Salisbury, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wesley Kendle
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claudine Pique
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick L. Green
- Center for Retrovirus Research and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- Center for Retrovirus Research and Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Lemasson
- Brody School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Burke JE, Triscott J, Emerling BM, Hammond GRV. Beyond PI3Ks: targeting phosphoinositide kinases in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 22:357-386. [PMID: 36376561 PMCID: PMC9663198 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid phosphoinositides are master regulators of almost all aspects of a cell's life and death and are generated by the tightly regulated activity of phosphoinositide kinases. Although extensive efforts have focused on drugging class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), recent years have revealed opportunities for targeting almost all phosphoinositide kinases in human diseases, including cancer, immunodeficiencies, viral infection and neurodegenerative disease. This has led to widespread efforts in the clinical development of potent and selective inhibitors of phosphoinositide kinases. This Review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular basis for the involvement of phosphoinositide kinases in disease and assesses the preclinical and clinical development of phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Burke
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Joanna Triscott
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brooke M. Emerling
- grid.479509.60000 0001 0163 8573Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Gerald R. V. Hammond
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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14
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Rodgers SJ, Jones EI, Arumugam S, Hamila SA, Danne J, Gurung R, Eramo MJ, Nanayakkara R, Ramm G, McGrath MJ, Mitchell CA. Endosome maturation links PI3Kα signaling to lysosome repopulation during basal autophagy. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110398. [PMID: 35968799 PMCID: PMC9531306 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy depends on the repopulation of lysosomes to degrade intracellular components and recycle nutrients. How cells co‐ordinate lysosome repopulation during basal autophagy, which occurs constitutively under nutrient‐rich conditions, is unknown. Here, we identify an endosome‐dependent phosphoinositide pathway that links PI3Kα signaling to lysosome repopulation during basal autophagy. We show that PI3Kα‐derived PI(3)P generated by INPP4B on late endosomes was required for basal but not starvation‐induced autophagic degradation. PI(3)P signals were maintained as late endosomes matured into endolysosomes, and served as the substrate for the 5‐kinase, PIKfyve, to generate PI(3,5)P2. The SNX‐BAR protein, SNX2, was recruited to endolysosomes by PI(3,5)P2 and promoted lysosome reformation. Inhibition of INPP4B/PIKfyve‐dependent lysosome reformation reduced autophagic clearance of protein aggregates during proteotoxic stress leading to increased cytotoxicity. Therefore under nutrient‐rich conditions, PI3Kα, INPP4B, and PIKfyve sequentially contribute to basal autophagic degradation and protection from proteotoxic stress via PI(3,5)P2‐dependent lysosome reformation from endolysosomes. These findings reveal that endosome maturation couples PI3Kα signaling to lysosome reformation during basal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Rodgers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily I Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Senthil Arumugam
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabryn A Hamila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jill Danne
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, A Node of Microscopy Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rajendra Gurung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Eramo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Randini Nanayakkara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, A Node of Microscopy Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo Electron Microscopy, A Node of Microscopy Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Meagan J McGrath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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15
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C910 chemical compound inhibits the traffiking of several bacterial AB toxins with cross-protection against influenza virus. iScience 2022; 25:104537. [PMID: 35769882 PMCID: PMC9234246 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of anti-infectives against a large range of AB-like toxin-producing bacteria includes the identification of compounds disrupting toxin transport through both the endolysosomal and retrograde pathways. Here, we performed a high-throughput screening of compounds blocking Rac1 proteasomal degradation triggered by the Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor-1 (CNF1) toxin, which was followed by orthogonal screens against two toxins that hijack the endolysosomal (diphtheria toxin) or retrograde (Shiga-like toxin 1) pathways to intoxicate cells. This led to the identification of the molecule C910 that induces the enlargement of EEA1-positive early endosomes associated with sorting defects of CNF1 and Shiga toxins to their trafficking pathways. C910 protects cells against eight bacterial AB toxins and the CNF1-mediated pathogenic Escherichia coli invasion. Interestingly, C910 reduces influenza A H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in vitro. Moreover, parenteral administration of C910 to mice resulted in its accumulation in lung tissues and a reduction in lethal influenza infection. Screen for inhibitors disrupting bacterial AB toxins vesicular trafficking pathways C910 affects EEA1/Rab5-positive early endosome morphology and sorting functions C910 protects cells against eight AB toxins, SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus C910 accumulates in lung tissues and protects mice against influenza A virus
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16
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Kumar P, Mathayan M, Smieszek SP, Przychodzen BP, Koprivica V, Birznieks G, Polymeropoulos MH, Prabhakar BS. Identification of potential COVID-19 treatment compounds which inhibit SARS Cov2 prototypic, Delta and Omicron variant infection. Virology 2022; 572:64-71. [PMID: 35598394 PMCID: PMC9108900 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent waves of COVID19 remain a major global health concern. Repurposing either FDA-approved or clinically advanced drug candidates can save time and effort required for validating the safety profile and FDA approval. However, the selection of appropriate screening approaches is key to identifying novel candidate drugs with a higher probability of clinical success. Here, we report a rapid, stratified two-step screening approach using pseudovirus entry inhibition assay followed by an infectious prototypic SARS CoV2 cytotoxic effect inhibition assay in multiple cell lines. Using this approach, we screened a library of FDA-approved and clinical-stage drugs and identified four compounds, apilimod, berbamine, cepharanthine and (S)-crizotinib which potently inhibited SARS CoV2-induced cell death. Importantly, these drugs exerted similar inhibitory effect on the delta and omicron variants although they replicated less efficiently than the prototypic strain. Apilimod is currently under clinical trial (NCT04446377) for COVID19 supporting the validity and robustness of our screening approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manikannan Mathayan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Vuk Koprivica
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | | | | | - Bellur S. Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois College of Medicine Room E-705, (M/C 790) 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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17
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Groth A, Ahlmann S, Werner A, Pöggeler S. The vacuolar morphology protein VAC14 plays an important role in sexual development in the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. Curr Genet 2022; 68:407-427. [PMID: 35776170 PMCID: PMC9279277 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-022-01244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multiprotein Fab1p/PIKfyve-complex regulating the abundance of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) is highly conserved among eukaryotes. In yeast/mammals, it is composed of the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase Fab1p/PIKfyve, the PtdIns(3,5)P2 phosphatase Fig4p/Sac3 and the scaffolding subunit Vac14p/ArPIKfyve. The complex is located to vacuolar membranes in yeast and to endosomal membranes in mammals, where it controls the synthesis and turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2. In this study, we analyzed the role and function of the Fab1p/PIKfyve-complex scaffold protein SmVAC14 in the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora (Sm). We generated the Smvac14 deletion strain ∆vac14 and performed phenotypic analysis of the mutant. Furthermore, we conducted fluorescence microscopic localization studies of fluorescently labeled SmVAC14 with vacuolar and late endosomal marker proteins. Our results revealed that SmVAC14 is important for maintaining vacuolar size and appearance as well as proper sexual development in S. macrospora. In addition, SmVAC14 plays an important role in starvation stress response. Accordingly, our results propose that the turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2 is of great significance for developmental processes in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Groth
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Svenja Ahlmann
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Werner
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Pöggeler
- Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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18
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Cozzi M, Ferrari V. Autophagy Dysfunction in ALS: from Transport to Protein Degradation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1456-1481. [PMID: 35708843 PMCID: PMC9293831 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Since the identification of the first ALS mutation in 1993, more than 40 genes have been associated with the disorder. The most frequent genetic causes of ALS are represented by mutated genes whose products challenge proteostasis, becoming unable to properly fold and consequently aggregating into inclusions that impose proteotoxic stress on affected cells. In this context, increasing evidence supports the central role played by autophagy dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of ALS. Indeed, in early stages of disease, high levels of proteins involved in autophagy are present in ALS MNs; but at the same time, with neurodegeneration progression, autophagy-mediated degradation decreases, often as a result of the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in affected cells. Autophagy is a complex multistep pathway that has a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several proteins are involved in its tight regulation, and importantly a relevant fraction of ALS-related genes encodes products that directly take part in autophagy, further underlining the relevance of this key protein degradation system in disease onset and progression. In this review, we report the most relevant findings concerning ALS genes whose products are involved in the several steps of the autophagic pathway, from phagophore formation to autophagosome maturation and transport and finally to substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Caux M, Mansour R, Xuereb JM, Chicanne G, Viaud J, Vauclard A, Boal F, Payrastre B, Tronchère H, Severin S. PIKfyve-Dependent Phosphoinositide Dynamics in Megakaryocyte/Platelet Granule Integrity and Platelet Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:987-1004. [PMID: 35708031 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secretory granules are key elements for platelet functions. Their biogenesis and integrity are regulated by fine-tuned mechanisms that need to be fully characterized. Here, we investigated the role of the phosphoinositide 5-kinase PIKfyve and its lipid products, PtdIns5P (phosphatidylinositol 5 monophosphate) and PtdIns(3,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bisphosphate) in granule homeostasis in megakaryocytes and platelets. METHODS For that, we invalidated PIKfyve by pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing in megakaryocytic cell models (human MEG-01 cell line, human imMKCLs, mouse primary megakaryocytes) and in human platelets. RESULTS We unveiled that PIKfyve expression and its lipid product levels increased with megakaryocytic maturation. In megakaryocytes, PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 were found in alpha and dense granule membranes with higher levels in dense granules. Pharmacological inhibition or knock-down of PIKfyve in megakaryocytes decreased PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 synthesis and induced a vacuolar phenotype with a loss of alpha and dense granule identity. Permeant PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 and the cation channel TRPML1 (transient receptor potential mucolipins) and TPC2 activation were able to accelerate alpha and dense granule integrity recovery following release of PIKfyve pharmacological inhibition. In platelets, PIKfyve inhibition specifically impaired the integrity of dense granules culminating in defects in their secretion, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that PIKfyve and its lipid products PtdIns5P and PtdIns(3,5)P2 control granule integrity both in megakaryocytes and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Caux
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Rana Mansour
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Jean-Marie Xuereb
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Julien Viaud
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Alicia Vauclard
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Frédéric Boal
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.).,CHU de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Toulouse, France (B.P.)
| | - Hélène Tronchère
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
| | - Sonia Severin
- INSERM U1297, I2MC and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (M.C., R.M., J.-M.X., G.C., J.V., A.V., F.B., B.P., H.T., S.S.)
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20
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Rivero-Ríos P, Weisman LS. Roles of PIKfyve in multiple cellular pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 76:102086. [PMID: 35584589 PMCID: PMC9108489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide signaling lipids are crucial for eukaryotes and regulate many aspects of cell function. These signaling molecules are difficult to study because they are extremely low abundance. Here, we focus on two of the lowest abundance phosphoinositides, PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P, which play critical roles in cellular homeostasis, membrane trafficking and transcription. Their levels are tightly regulated by a protein complex that includes PIKfyve, Fig4 and Vac14. Importantly, mutations in this complex that decrease PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P are linked to human diseases, especially those of the nervous system. Paradoxically, PIKfyve inhibitors which decrease PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P, are currently being tested for some neurodegenerative diseases, as well as other diverse diseases including some cancers, and as a treatment for SARS-CoV2 infection. A more comprehensive picture of the pathways that are regulated by PIKfyve will be critical to understand the roles of PI(3,5)P2 and PI(5)P in normal human physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Rivero-Ríos
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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21
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Xiang R, Yu Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Huo S, Li Y, Liang R, Hao Q, Ying T, Gao Y, Yu F, Jiang S. Recent advances in developing small-molecule inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1591-1623. [PMID: 34249607 PMCID: PMC8260826 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused havoc across the entire world. Even though several COVID-19 vaccines are currently in distribution worldwide, with others in the pipeline, treatment modalities lag behind. Accordingly, researchers have been working hard to understand the nature of the virus, its mutant strains, and the pathogenesis of the disease in order to uncover possible drug targets and effective therapeutic agents. As the research continues, we now know the genome structure, epidemiological and clinical features, and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we summarized the potential therapeutic targets involved in the life cycle of the virus. On the basis of these targets, small-molecule prophylactic and therapeutic agents have been or are being developed for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yanbai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Qinghong Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaning Gao
- Beijing Pharma and Biotech Center, Beijing 100176, China,Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 54237673, fax: +86 21 54237465 (Shibo Jiang); Tel.: +86 312 7528935, fax: +86 312 7521283 (Fei Yu); Tel.: +86 10 62896868; fax: +86 10 62899978, (Yanning Gao).
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China,Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 54237673, fax: +86 21 54237465 (Shibo Jiang); Tel.: +86 312 7528935, fax: +86 312 7521283 (Fei Yu); Tel.: +86 10 62896868; fax: +86 10 62899978, (Yanning Gao).
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 21 54237673, fax: +86 21 54237465 (Shibo Jiang); Tel.: +86 312 7528935, fax: +86 312 7521283 (Fei Yu); Tel.: +86 10 62896868; fax: +86 10 62899978, (Yanning Gao).
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22
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Giridharan SSP, Luo G, Rivero-Rios P, Steinfeld N, Tronchere H, Singla A, Burstein E, Billadeau DD, Sutton MA, Weisman LS. Lipid kinases VPS34 and PIKfyve coordinate a phosphoinositide cascade to regulate Retriever-mediated recycling on endosomes. eLife 2022; 11:69709. [PMID: 35040777 PMCID: PMC8816382 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface receptors control how cells respond to their environment. Many cell-surface receptors recycle from endosomes to the plasma membrane via a recently discovered pathway, which includes sorting-nexin SNX17, Retriever, WASH and CCC complexes. Here, using mammalian cells, we discover that PIKfyve and its upstream PI3-kinase VPS34 positively regulate this pathway. VPS34 produces PI3P, which is the substrate for PIKfyve to generate PI3,5P2. We show that PIKfyve controls recycling of cargoes including integrins, receptors that control cell migration. Furthermore, endogenous PIKfyve colocalizes with SNX17, Retriever, WASH and CCC complexes on endosomes. Importantly, PIKfyve inhibition results displacement of Retriever and CCC from endosomes. In addition, we show that recruitment of SNX17 is an early step and requires VPS34. These discoveries suggest that VPS34 and PIKfyve coordinate an ordered pathway to regulate recycling from endosomes and suggest how PIKfyve functions in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guangming Luo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
| | - Pilar Rivero-Rios
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
| | - Noah Steinfeld
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
| | | | - Amika Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
| | | | - Michael A Sutton
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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23
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Mei S, Wu Y, Wang Y, Cui Y, Zhang M, Zhang T, Huang X, Yu S, Yu T, Zhao J. Disruption of PIKFYVE causes congenital cataract in human and zebrafish. eLife 2022; 11:71256. [PMID: 35023829 PMCID: PMC8758139 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract, an ocular disease predominantly occurring within the first decade of life, is one of the leading causes of blindness in children. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of congenital cataract remain incompletely defined. Through whole-exome sequencing of a Chinese family with congenital cataract, we identified a potential pathological variant (p.G1943E) in PIKFYVE, which is located in the PIP kinase domain of the PIKFYVE protein. We demonstrated that heterozygous/homozygous disruption of PIKFYVE kinase domain, instead of overexpression of PIKFYVEG1943E in zebrafish mimicked the cataract defect in human patients, suggesting that haploinsufficiency, rather than dominant-negative inhibition of PIKFYVE activity caused the disease. Phenotypical analysis of pikfyve zebrafish mutants revealed that loss of Pikfyve caused aberrant vacuolation (accumulation of Rab7+Lc3+ amphisomes) in lens cells, which was significantly alleviated by treatment with the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (Baf-A1). Collectively, we identified PIKFYVE as a novel causative gene for congenital cataract and pinpointed the potential application of Baf-A1 for the treatment of congenital cataract caused by PIKFYVE deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Mei
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The first Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaosheng Huang
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sejie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The first Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The first Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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24
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Hasegawa J, Tokuda E, Yao Y, Sasaki T, Inoki K, Weisman LS. PP2A-dependent TFEB activation is blocked by PIKfyve-induced mTORC1 activity. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar26. [PMID: 35020443 PMCID: PMC9250387 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-06-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of genes required for autophagy and lysosomal function. The nuclear localization of TFEB is blocked by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB at multiple sites including Ser-211. Here we show that inhibition of PIKfyve, which produces phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate on endosomes and lysosomes, causes a loss of Ser-211 phosphorylation and concomitant nuclear localization of TFEB. We found that while mTORC1 activity toward S6K1, as well as other major mTORC1 substrates, is not impaired, PIKfyve inhibition specifically impedes the interaction of TFEB with mTORC1. This suggests that mTORC1 activity on TFEB is selectively inhibited due to loss of mTORC1 access to TFEB. In addition, we found that TFEB activation during inhibition of PIKfyve relies on the ability of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) but not calcineurin/PPP3 to dephosphorylate TFEB Ser-211. Thus when PIKfyve is inhibited, PP2A is dominant over mTORC1 for control of TFEB phosphorylation at Ser-S211. Together these findings suggest that mTORC1 and PP2A have opposing roles on TFEB via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Ser-211, respectively, and further that PIKfyve inhibits TFEB activity by facilitating mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hasegawa
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Emi Tokuda
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yao Yao
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Biochemical Pathophysiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ken Inoki
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1137 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical enter Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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25
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Bouhamdani N, Comeau D, Turcotte S. A Compendium of Information on the Lysosome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:798262. [PMID: 34977038 PMCID: PMC8714965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.798262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, lysosomes were considered as mere waste bags for cellular constituents. Thankfully, studies carried out in the past 15 years were brimming with elegant and crucial breakthroughs in lysosome research, uncovering their complex roles as nutrient sensors and characterizing them as crucial multifaceted signaling organelles. This review presents the scientific knowledge on lysosome physiology and functions, starting with their discovery and reviewing up to date ground-breaking discoveries highlighting their heterogeneous functions as well as pending questions that remain to be answered. We also review the roles of lysosomes in anti-cancer drug resistance and how they undergo a series of molecular and functional changes during malignant transformation which lead to tumor aggression, angiogenesis, and metastases. Finally, we discuss the strategy of targeting lysosomes in cancer which could lead to the development of new and effective targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bouhamdani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Dr. Georges-L. Dumont University Hospital Centre, Clinical Research Sector, Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Dominique Comeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Sandra Turcotte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada.,Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
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26
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Dickinson MS, Coers J. SNX10 and caspase-5 sort out endosomal LPS for a gut-wrenching Slug-fest. EMBO J 2021; 40:e110128. [PMID: 34796973 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomes are important cellular compartments for sorting internalized cargo and immune sensing. In this issue, Wang et al describe a novel signaling pathway induced by endocytosed bacterial outer membrane vesicles, where sorting nexin 10 and caspase-5 act at the endosome to promote cytosolic exposure of LPS and initiate signaling to alter epithelial layer integrity. This study presents the first example of a specialized function for caspase-5, distinct from the inflammasome function executed by the closely related paralog caspase-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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27
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Wang X, Ni J, You Y, Feng G, Zhang S, Bao W, Hou H, Li H, Liu L, Zheng M, Wang Y, Zhou H, Shen W, Shen X. SNX10-mediated LPS sensing causes intestinal barrier dysfunction via a caspase-5-dependent signaling cascade. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108080. [PMID: 34747049 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered intestinal microbial composition promotes intestinal barrier dysfunction and triggers the initiation and recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current treatments for IBD are focused on control of inflammation rather than on maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function. Here, we show that the internalization of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in human intestinal epithelial cells promotes recruitment of caspase-5 and PIKfyve to early endosomal membranes via sorting nexin 10 (SNX10), resulting in LPS release from OMVs into the cytosol. Caspase-5 activated by cytosolic LPS leads to Lyn phosphorylation, which in turn promotes nuclear translocalization of Snail/Slug, downregulation of E-cadherin expression, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. SNX10 deletion or treatment with DC-SX029, a novel SNX10 inhibitor, rescues OMV-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and ameliorates colitis in mice by blocking cytosolic LPS release, caspase-5 activation, and downstream signaling. Our results show that targeting SNX10 may be a new therapeutic approach for restoring intestinal epithelial barrier function and promising strategy for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Ni
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guize Feng
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sulin Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilian Bao
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology & the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Qiu S, Lavallée-Adam M, Côté M. Proximity Interactome Map of the Vac14-Fig4 Complex Using BioID. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4959-4973. [PMID: 34554760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conversion between phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate on endosomal membranes is critical for the maturation of early endosomes to late endosomes/lysosomes and is regulated by the PIKfyve-Vac14-Fig4 complex. Despite the importance of this complex for endosomal homeostasis and vesicular trafficking, there is little known about how its activity is regulated or how it interacts with other cellular proteins. Here, we screened for the cellular interactome of Vac14 and Fig4 using proximity-dependent biotin labeling (BioID). After independently screening the interactomes of Vac14 and Fig4, we identified 89 high-confidence protein hits shared by both proteins. Network analysis of these hits revealed pathways with known involvement of the PIKfyve-Vac14-Fig4 complex, including vesicular organization and PI3K/Akt signaling, as well as novel pathways including cell cycle and mitochondrial regulation. We also identified subunits of coatomer complex I (COPI), a Golgi-associated complex with an emerging role in endosomal dynamics. Using proximity ligation assays, we validated the interaction between Vac14 and COPI subunit COPB1 and between Vac14 and Arf1, a GTPase required for COPI assembly. In summary, this study used BioID to comprehensively map the Vac14-Fig4 interactome, revealing potential roles for these proteins in diverse cellular processes and pathways, including preliminary evidence of an interaction between Vac14 and COPI. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD027917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada.,Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada
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29
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Lv L, Zhang L. Host proviral and antiviral factors for SARS-CoV-2. Virus Genes 2021; 57:475-488. [PMID: 34510331 PMCID: PMC8435179 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the viral life cycle, interplays between cellular host factors and virus determine the infectious capacity of the virus. The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a great threat to human life and health. Extensive studies identified a number of host proviral and antiviral factors for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and cellular factors during virus entry and replication. Our review will highlight the future direction of study on the infection and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, as well as novel therapeutic strategies and effective antiviral targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lv
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China. .,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China.
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30
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Molecular mechanism of interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host cells and interventional therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:233. [PMID: 34117216 PMCID: PMC8193598 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in an unprecedented setback for global economy and health. SARS-CoV-2 has an exceptionally high level of transmissibility and extremely broad tissue tropism. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for sustaining this degree of virulence remains largely unexplored. In this article, we review the current knowledge and crucial information about how SARS-CoV-2 attaches on the surface of host cells through a variety of receptors, such as ACE2, neuropilin-1, AXL, and antibody-FcγR complexes. We further explain how its spike (S) protein undergoes conformational transition from prefusion to postfusion with the help of proteases like furin, TMPRSS2, and cathepsins. We then review the ongoing experimental studies and clinical trials of antibodies, peptides, or small-molecule compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and discuss how these antiviral therapies targeting host-pathogen interaction could potentially suppress viral attachment, reduce the exposure of fusion peptide to curtail membrane fusion and block the formation of six-helix bundle (6-HB) fusion core. Finally, the specter of rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants deserves a serious review of broad-spectrum drugs or vaccines for long-term prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future.
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31
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Le L, Sirés-Campos J, Raposo G, Delevoye C, Marks MS. Melanosome biogenesis in the pigmentation of mammalian skin. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:1517-1545. [PMID: 34021746 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanins, the main pigments of the skin and hair in mammals, are synthesized within membrane-bound organelles of melanocytes called melanosomes. Melanosome structure and function are determined by a cohort of resident transmembrane proteins, many of which are expressed only in pigment cells, that localize specifically to melanosomes. Defects in the genes that encode melanosome-specific proteins or components of the machinery required for their transport in and out of melanosomes underlie various forms of ocular or oculocutaneous albinism, characterized by hypopigmentation of the hair, skin and eyes and by visual impairment. We review major components of melanosomes, including the enzymes that catalyze steps in melanin synthesis from tyrosine precursors, solute transporters that allow these enzymes to function, and structural proteins that underlie melanosome shape and melanin deposition. We then review the molecular mechanisms by which these components are biosynthetically delivered to newly forming melanosomes-many of which are shared by other cell types that generate cell type-specific lysosome-related organelles. We also highlight unanswered questions that need to be addressed by future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Le
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Julia Sirés-Campos
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Michael S Marks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
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32
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Abstract
Viral infections are a major health problem; therefore, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Antivirals used to target proteins encoded by the viral genome usually enhance drug resistance generated by the virus. A potential solution may be drugs acting at host-based targets since viruses are dependent on numerous cellular proteins and phosphorylation events that are crucial during their life cycle. Repurposing existing kinase inhibitors as antiviral agents would help in the cost and effectiveness of the process, but this strategy usually does not provide much improvement, and specific medicinal chemistry programs are needed in the field. Anyway, extensive use of FDA-approved kinase inhibitors has been quite useful in deciphering the role of host kinases in viral infection. The present perspective aims to review the state of the art of kinase inhibitors that target viral infections in different development stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Cárceles
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Caballero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Cinato M, Guitou L, Saidi A, Timotin A, Sperazza E, Duparc T, Zolov SN, Giridharan SSP, Weisman LS, Martinez LO, Roncalli J, Kunduzova O, Tronchere H, Boal F. Apilimod alters TGFβ signaling pathway and prevents cardiac fibrotic remodeling. Theranostics 2021; 11:6491-6506. [PMID: 33995670 PMCID: PMC8120213 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: TGFβ signaling pathway controls tissue fibrotic remodeling, a hallmark in many diseases leading to organ injury and failure. In this study, we address the role of Apilimod, a pharmacological inhibitor of the lipid kinase PIKfyve, in the regulation of cardiac pathological fibrotic remodeling and TGFβ signaling pathway. Methods: The effects of Apilimod treatment on myocardial fibrosis, hypertrophy and cardiac function were assessed in vivo in a mouse model of pressure overload-induced heart failure. Primary cardiac fibroblasts and HeLa cells treated with Apilimod as well as genetic mutation of PIKfyve in mouse embryonic fibroblasts were used as cell models. Results: When administered in vivo, Apilimod reduced myocardial interstitial fibrosis development and prevented left ventricular dysfunction. In vitro, Apilimod controlled TGFβ-dependent activation of primary murine cardiac fibroblasts. Mechanistically, both Apilimod and genetic mutation of PIKfyve induced TGFβ receptor blockade in intracellular vesicles, negatively modulating its downstream signaling pathway and ultimately dampening TGFβ response. Conclusions: Altogether, our findings propose a novel function for PIKfyve in the control of myocardial fibrotic remodeling and the TGFβ signaling pathway, therefore opening the way to new therapeutic perspectives to prevent adverse fibrotic remodeling using Apilimod treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cinato
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurie Guitou
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Amira Saidi
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrei Timotin
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Erwan Sperazza
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibaut Duparc
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sergey N. Zolov
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Lois S. Weisman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Laurent O. Martinez
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jerome Roncalli
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Helene Tronchere
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Boal
- INSERM U1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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34
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De Leo MG, Berger P, Mayer A. WIPI1 promotes fission of endosomal transport carriers and formation of autophagosomes through distinct mechanisms. Autophagy 2021; 17:3644-3670. [PMID: 33685363 PMCID: PMC8632285 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1886830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome formation requires PROPPIN/WIPI proteins and monophosphorylated phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) or PtdIns5P. This process occurs in association with mammalian endosomes, where the PROPPIN WIPI1 has additional, undefined roles in vesicular traffic. To explore whether these functions are interconnected, we dissected routes and subreactions of endosomal trafficking requiring WIPI1. WIPI1 specifically acts in the formation and fission of tubulo-vesicular endosomal transport carriers. This activity supports the PtdIns(3,5)P2-dependent transport of endosomal cargo toward the plasma membrane, Golgi, and lysosomes, suggesting a general role of WIPI1 in endosomal protein exit. Three features differentiate the endosomal and macroautophagic/autophagic activities of WIPI1: phosphoinositide binding site II, the requirement for PtdIns(3,5)P2, and bilayer deformation through a conserved amphipathic α-helix. Their inactivation preserves autophagy but leads to a strong enlargement of endosomes, which accumulate micrometer-long endosomal membrane tubules carrying cargo proteins. WIPI1 thus supports autophagy and protein exit from endosomes by different modes of action. We propose that the type of phosphoinositides occupying its two lipid binding sites, the most unusual feature of PROPPIN/WIPI family proteins, switches between these effector functions. Abbreviations: EGF: epidermal growth factorEGFR: epidermal growth factor receptorKD: knockdownKO: knockoutPtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatePtdIns5P: phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphatePtdIns(3,5)P2: phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphateTF: transferrinTFRC: transferrin receptorWT: wildtype
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philipp Berger
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Paul-Scherrer-Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Département De Biochimie, Université De Lausanne, Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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35
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Claude-Taupin A, Morel E. Phosphoinositides: Functions in autophagy-related stress responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158903. [PMID: 33578048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are key lipids in eukaryotes, regulating organelles' identity and function. Their synthesis and turnover require specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that are ensured by dedicated lipid kinases and phosphatases, which modulate the structure of the inositol ring by adding or removing phosphates on positions 3, 4 or 5. Beside their implication in intracellular signalization and cytoskeleton dynamics, phosphoinositides are essential for vesicular transport along intracellular trafficking routes, by providing molecular scaffolds to membrane related events such as budding, fission or fusion. Robust and detailed literature demonstrated that some members of the phosphoinositides family are crucial for the autophagy pathway, acting as fine tuners and regulators. In this review, we discuss the known functions of phosphoinositides in autophagy canonical processes, such as during autophagosome formation, as well as the importance of phosphoinositides in organelle-based processes directly connected to the autophagic machinery, such as endosomal dynamics, ciliogenesis and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Claude-Taupin
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Morel
- Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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36
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Saric A, Freeman SA. Endomembrane Tension and Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:611326. [PMID: 33490077 PMCID: PMC7820182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells employ diverse uptake mechanisms depending on their specialized functions. While such mechanisms vary widely in their defining criteria: scale, molecular machinery utilized, cargo selection, and cargo destination, to name a few, they all result in the internalization of extracellular solutes and fluid into membrane-bound endosomes. Upon scission from the plasma membrane, this compartment is immediately subjected to extensive remodeling which involves tubulation and vesiculation/budding of the limiting endomembrane. This is followed by a maturation process involving concomitant retrograde transport by microtubule-based motors and graded fusion with late endosomes and lysosomes, organelles that support the degradation of the internalized content. Here we review an important determinant for sorting and trafficking in early endosomes and in lysosomes; the control of tension on the endomembrane. Remodeling of endomembranes is opposed by high tension (caused by high hydrostatic pressure) and supported by the relief of tension. We describe how the timely and coordinated efflux of major solutes along the endocytic pathway affords the cell control over such tension. The channels and transporters that expel the smallest components of the ingested medium from the early endocytic fluid are described in detail as these systems are thought to enable endomembrane deformation by curvature-sensing/generating coat proteins. We also review similar considerations for the lysosome where resident hydrolases liberate building blocks from luminal macromolecules and transporters flux these organic solutes to orchestrate trafficking events. How the cell directs organellar trafficking based on the luminal contents of organelles of the endocytic pathway is not well-understood, however, we propose that the control over membrane tension by solute transport constitutes one means for this to ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Saric
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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37
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Pagliano P, Scarpati G, Sellitto C, Conti V, Spera AM, Ascione T, Piazza O, Filippelli A. Experimental Pharmacotherapy for COVID-19: The Latest Advances. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:1-13. [PMID: 33442304 PMCID: PMC7800714 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelmed like a shock wave in a completely unprepared world. Despite coronavirus infections were involved in previous epidemic outbreaks, no antiviral agent was developed for specific treatment. As a consequence, since the beginning of this pandemic, both repositioned and experimental drugs were used to treat the infected patients without evidence of clinical efficacy. Just based on experience coming from the use of antiviral agents to treat other viruses (eg, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir) and supposed antiviral or immunomodulatory activities of drugs with no approved antiviral indications (eg hydroxychloroquine, tocilizumab), clinicians have faced the ongoing pandemic. Currently, after about 9 months from the COVID-19 spread, there is still no antiviral agent capable of ensuring the cure of this syndrome. Clinical trials are beginning to confirm the benefits of some drugs, while for other compounds, efficacy and safety have not yet been confirmed. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) have denied or downsized the beneficial effects attributed to certain molecules, such as aminoquinolines, largely used in clinical practice at the beginning of COVID-19 spread. Conversely, at the same time, they have provided evidence for unexpected effectiveness of other agents that have been underutilized, such as steroids, which were not used in SARS treatment because of the threatened effect on viral replication. Evidence deriving from pathologic studies have demonstrated that the prothrombotic effects of SARS-CoV-2 can be prevented by heparin prophylaxis, underlining the need for personalized treatment for patients with severe disease. The main aim of this review is to synthesize the available information and evidence on both repositioned and experimental drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, focusing on the need to exercise caution on the use of unproven medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuliana Scarpati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Unit of Anesthesiology, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Carmine Sellitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Spera
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ascione
- Department of Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Unit of Anesthesiology, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Unit of Pharmacology, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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38
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The PIKfyve Inhibitor Apilimod: A Double-Edged Sword against COVID-19. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010030. [PMID: 33375410 PMCID: PMC7824419 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The PIKfyve inhibitor apilimod is currently undergoing clinical trials for treatment of COVID-19. However, although apilimod might prevent viral invasion by inhibiting host cell proteases, the same proteases are critical for antigen presentation leading to T cell activation and there is good evidence from both in vitro studies and the clinic that apilimod blocks antiviral immune responses. We therefore warn that the immunosuppression observed in many COVID-19 patients might be aggravated by apilimod.
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39
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Carro SD, Cherry S. Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses. Viruses 2020; 13:E13. [PMID: 33374822 PMCID: PMC7824540 DOI: 10.3390/v13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors and are capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Many of the flaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans are transmitted specifically through mosquito vectors. Over the past century, many mosquito-borne flavivirus infections have emerged and re-emerged, and are of global importance with hundreds of millions of infections occurring yearly. There is a need for novel, effective, and accessible vaccines and antivirals capable of inhibiting flavivirus infection and ameliorating disease. The development of therapeutics targeting viral entry has long been a goal of antiviral research, but most efforts are hindered by the lack of broad-spectrum potency or toxicities associated with on-target effects, since many host proteins necessary for viral entry are also essential for host cell biology. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses generally enter cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and recent studies suggest that a subset of these viruses can be internalized through a specialized form of CME that has additional dependencies distinct from canonical CME pathways, and antivirals targeting this pathway have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the role and contribution of endocytosis to mosquito-borne flavivirus entry as well as consider past and future efforts to target endocytosis for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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40
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide since its first incidence in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although the case fatality rate of COVID-19 appears to be lower than that of SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the higher transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 has caused the total fatality to surpass other viral diseases, reaching more than 1 million globally as of October 6, 2020. The rate at which the disease is spreading calls for a therapy that is useful for treating a large population. Multiple intersecting viral and host factor targets involved in the life cycle of the virus are being explored. Because of the frequent mutations, many coronaviruses gain zoonotic potential, which is dependent on the presence of cell receptors and proteases, and therefore the targeting of the viral proteins has some drawbacks, as strain-specific drug resistance can occur. Moreover, the limited number of proteins in a virus makes the number of available targets small. Although SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 share common mechanisms of entry and replication, there are substantial differences in viral proteins such as the spike (S) protein. In contrast, targeting cellular factors may result in a broader range of therapies, reducing the chances of developing drug resistance. In this Review, we discuss the role of primary host factors such as the cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), cellular proteases of S protein priming, post-translational modifiers, kinases, inflammatory cells, and their pharmacological intervention in the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Mathew Tharappel
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Subodh Kumar Samrat
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Zhong Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Hongmin Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA
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41
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Kumar V. Understanding the complexities of SARS-CoV2 infection and its immunology: A road to immune-based therapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106980. [PMID: 33182073 PMCID: PMC7843151 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases always pose a threat to humans along with plant and animal life. SARS-CoV2 is the recently emerged viral infection that originated from Wuhan city of the Republic of China in December 2019. Now, it has become a pandemic. Currently, SARS-CoV2 has infected more than 27.74 million people worldwide, and taken 901,928 human lives. It was named first 'WH 1 Human CoV' and later changed to 2019 novel CoV (2019-nCoV). Scientists have established it as a zoonotic viral disease emerged from Chinese horseshoe bats, which do not develop a severe infection. For example, Rhinolophus Chinese horseshoe bats harboring severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) or SARSr-Rh-BatCoV appear healthy and clear the virus within 2-4 months period. The article introduces first the concept of EIDs and some past EIDs, which have affected human life. Next section discusses mysteries regarding SARS-CoV2 origin, its evolution, and human transfer. Third section describes COVID-19 clinical symptoms and factors affecting susceptibility or resistance. The fourth section introduces the SARS-CoV2 entry in the host cell, its replication, and the establishment of productive infection. Section five describes the host's immune response associated with asymptomatic, symptomatic, mild to moderate, and severe COVID-19. The subsequent seventh and eighth sections mention the immune status in COVID-19 convalescent patients and re-emergence of COVID-19 in them. Thereafter, the eighth section describes viral strategies to hijack the host antiviral immune response and generate the "cytokine storm". The ninth section describes about transgenic humane ACE2 (hACE2) receptor expressing mice to study immunity, drugs, and vaccines. The article ends with the development of different immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutics strategies, including vaccines waiting for their approval in humans as prophylaxis or treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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42
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Gowrishankar S, Cologna SM, Givogri MI, Bongarzone ER. Deregulation of signalling in genetic conditions affecting the lysosomal metabolism of cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105142. [PMID: 33080336 PMCID: PMC8862610 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids in neuroglial function is gaining momentum in part due to a better understanding of how many lipid species contribute to key cellular signalling pathways at the membrane level. The description of lipid rafts as membrane domains composed by defined classes of lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids has greatly helped in our understanding of how cellular signalling can be regulated and compartmentalized in neurons and glial cells. Genetic conditions affecting the metabolism of these lipids greatly impact on how some of these signalling pathways work, providing a context to understand the biological function of the lipid. Expectedly, abnormal metabolism of several lipids such as cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids observed in several metabolic conditions involving lysosomal dysfunction are often accompanied by neuronal and myelin dysfunction. This review will discuss the role of lysosomal biology in the context of deficiencies in the metabolism of cholesterol and galactosyl-sphingolipids and their impact on neural function in three genetic disorders: Niemann-Pick type C, Metachromatic leukodystrophy and Krabbe’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gowrishankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - S M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - E R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Beziau A, Brand D, Piver E. The Role of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinases during Viral Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101124. [PMID: 33022924 PMCID: PMC7599803 DOI: 10.3390/v12101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides account for only a small proportion of cellular phospholipids, but have long been known to play an important role in diverse cellular processes, such as cell signaling, the establishment of organelle identity, and the regulation of cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics. As expected, given their pleiotropic regulatory functions, they have key functions in viral replication. The spatial restriction and steady-state levels of each phosphoinositide depend primarily on the concerted action of specific phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. This review focuses on a number of remarkable examples of viral strategies involving phosphoinositide kinases to ensure effective viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beziau
- INSERM U1259, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Denys Brand
- INSERM U1259, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Virology Laboratory, Tours University Hospital, 3700 Tours, France
| | - Eric Piver
- INSERM U1259, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours University Hospital, 3700 Tours, France
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44
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Riva L, Yuan S, Yin X, Martin-Sancho L, Matsunaga N, Pache L, Burgstaller-Muehlbacher S, De Jesus PD, Teriete P, Hull MV, Chang MW, Chan JFW, Cao J, Poon VKM, Herbert KM, Cheng K, Nguyen TTH, Rubanov A, Pu Y, Nguyen C, Choi A, Rathnasinghe R, Schotsaert M, Miorin L, Dejosez M, Zwaka TP, Sit KY, Martinez-Sobrido L, Liu WC, White KM, Chapman ME, Lendy EK, Glynne RJ, Albrecht R, Ruppin E, Mesecar AD, Johnson JR, Benner C, Sun R, Schultz PG, Su AI, García-Sastre A, Chatterjee AK, Yuen KY, Chanda SK. Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs through large-scale compound repurposing. Nature 2020; 586:113-119. [PMID: 32707573 PMCID: PMC7603405 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 has triggered an ongoing global pandemic of the severe pneumonia-like disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1. The development of a vaccine is likely to take at least 12-18 months, and the typical timeline for approval of a new antiviral therapeutic agent can exceed 10 years. Thus, repurposing of known drugs could substantially accelerate the deployment of new therapies for COVID-19. Here we profiled a library of drugs encompassing approximately 12,000 clinical-stage or Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved small molecules to identify candidate therapeutic drugs for COVID-19. We report the identification of 100 molecules that inhibit viral replication of SARS-CoV-2, including 21 drugs that exhibit dose-response relationships. Of these, thirteen were found to harbour effective concentrations commensurate with probable achievable therapeutic doses in patients, including the PIKfyve kinase inhibitor apilimod2-4 and the cysteine protease inhibitors MDL-28170, Z LVG CHN2, VBY-825 and ONO 5334. Notably, MDL-28170, ONO 5334 and apilimod were found to antagonize viral replication in human pneumocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, and apilimod also demonstrated antiviral efficacy in a primary human lung explant model. Since most of the molecules identified in this study have already advanced into the clinic, their known pharmacological and human safety profiles will enable accelerated preclinical and clinical evaluation of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riva
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Martin-Sancho
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Naoko Matsunaga
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars Pache
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Burgstaller-Muehlbacher
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul D De Jesus
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Teriete
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Max W Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kristina M Herbert
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kuoyuan Cheng
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Andrey Rubanov
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Pu
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Nguyen
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angela Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marion Dejosez
- Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Department for Cell, Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas P Zwaka
- Huffington Foundation Center for Cell-based Research in Parkinson's Disease, Department for Cell, Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ko-Yung Sit
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emma K Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Randy Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sumit K Chanda
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Kang YL, Chou YY, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Soh TK, Cureton D, Case JB, Chen RE, Diamond MS, Whelan SPJ, Kirchhausen T. Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20803-20813. [PMID: 32764148 PMCID: PMC7456157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007837117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus entry is a multistep process. It initiates when the virus attaches to the host cell and ends when the viral contents reach the cytosol. Genetically unrelated viruses can subvert analogous subcellular mechanisms and use similar trafficking pathways for successful entry. Antiviral strategies targeting early steps of infection are therefore appealing, particularly when the probability for successful interference through a common step is highest. We describe here potent inhibitory effects on content release and infection by chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) containing the envelope proteins of Zaire ebolavirus (VSV-ZEBOV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (VSV-SARS-CoV-2) elicited by Apilimod and Vacuolin-1, small-molecule inhibitors of the main endosomal phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol 5-kinase, PIKfyve. We also describe potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 strain 2019-nCoV/USA-WA1/2020 by Apilimod. These results define tools for studying the intracellular trafficking of pathogens elicited by inhibition of PIKfyve kinase and suggest the potential for targeting this kinase in developing small-molecule antivirals against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Lin Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yi-Ying Chou
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Timothy K Soh
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David Cureton
- Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Inc. Duluth, GA 30096
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110;
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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46
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Kumar V. Emerging Human Coronavirus Infections (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19): Where They Are Leading Us. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:5-53. [PMID: 32744465 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1800688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus infections are responsible for mild, moderate, and severe infections in birds and mammals. These were first isolated in humans as causal microorganisms responsible for common cold. The 2002-2003 SARS epidemic caused by SARS-CoV and 2012 MERS epidemic (64 countries affected) caused by MERS-CoV showed their acute and fatal side. These two CoV infections killed thousands of patients infected worldwide. However, WHO has still reported the MERS case in December 2019 in middle-eastern country (Saudi Arabia), indicating the MERS epidemic has not ended completely yet. Although we have not yet understood completely these two CoV epidemics, a third most dangerous and severe CoV infection has been originated in the Wuhan city, Hubei district of China in December 2019. This CoV infection called COVID-19 or SARS-CoV2 infection has now spread to 210 countries and territories around the world. COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It has infected more than 16.69 million people with more than 663,540 deaths across the world. Thus the current manuscript aims to describe all three (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19) in terms of their causal organisms (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV2), similarities and differences in their clinical symptoms, outcomes, immunology, and immunopathogenesis, and possible future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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47
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Kang YL, Chou YY, Rothlauf PW, Liu Z, Soh TK, Cureton D, Case JB, Chen RE, Diamond MS, Whelan SPJ, Kirchhausen T. Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32511398 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.21.053058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Virus entry is a multistep process. It initiates when the virus attaches to the host cell and ends when the viral contents reach the cytosol. Genetically unrelated viruses can subvert analogous subcellular mechanisms and use similar trafficking pathways for successful entry. Antiviral strategies targeting early steps of infection are therefore appealing, particularly when the probability for successful interference through a common step is highest. We describe here potent inhibitory effects on content release and infection by chimeric VSV containing the envelope proteins of Zaire ebolavirus (VSV-ZEBOV) or SARS-CoV-2 (VSV-SARS-CoV-2) elicited by Apilimod and Vacuolin-1, small molecule inhibitors of the main endosomal Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate/Phosphatidylinositol 5-Kinase, PIKfyve. We also describe potent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 strain 2019-nCoV/USA-WA1/2020 by Apilimod. These results define new tools for studying the intracellular trafficking of pathogens elicited by inhibition of PIKfyve kinase and suggest the potential for targeting this kinase in developing small-molecule antivirals against SARS-CoV-2.
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48
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Wright GC, Brown R, Grayton H, Livingston JH, Park SM, Parker APJ, Patel A, Simonic I, Thomas AG, Vadlamani G, Horvath R, Harijan PD. Clinical and radiological characterization of novel FIG4-related combined system disease with neuropathy. Clin Genet 2020; 98:147-154. [PMID: 32385905 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Variants in the FIG4 gene, which encodes a phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphatase lead to obstruction of endocytic trafficking, causing accumulation of enlarged vesicles in murine peripheral neurons and fibroblasts. Bi-allelic pathogenic variants in FIG4 are associated with neurological disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type-4J (CMT4J) and Yunis-Varón syndrome (YVS). We present four probands from three unrelated families, all homozygous for a recurrent FIG4 missense variant c.506A>C p.(Tyr169Ser), with a novel phenotype involving features of both CMT4J and YVS. Three presented with infant-onset dystonia and one with hypotonia. All have depressed lower limb reflexes and distal muscle weakness, two have nerve conduction studies (NCS) consistent with severe sensorimotor demyelinating peripheral neuropathy and one had NCS showing patchy intermediate/mildly reduced motor conduction velocities. All have cognitive impairment and three have swallowing difficulties. MRI showed cerebellar atrophy and bilateral T2 hyperintense medullary swellings in all patients. These children represent a novel clinicoradiological phenotype and suggest that phenotypes associated with FIG4 missense variants do not neatly fall into previously described diagnoses but can present with variable features. Analysis of this gene should be considered in patients with central and peripheral neurological signs and medullary radiological changes, providing earlier diagnosis and informing reproductive choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia C Wright
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Brown
- Paediatrics, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Grayton
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, East Anglian Genetics Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John H Livingston
- Paediatric Neurology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Soo-Mi Park
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, East Anglian Genetics Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair P J Parker
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anjla Patel
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Simonic
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, East Anglian Genetics Service, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam G Thomas
- Neuroradiology, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gayatri Vadlamani
- Paediatric Neurology, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja D Harijan
- Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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49
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Ou X, Liu Y, Lei X, Li P, Mi D, Ren L, Guo L, Guo R, Chen T, Hu J, Xiang Z, Mu Z, Chen X, Chen J, Hu K, Jin Q, Wang J, Qian Z. Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1620. [PMID: 32221306 PMCID: PMC7100515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15562-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2171] [Impact Index Per Article: 542.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2002, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. However, little is currently known about the biology of SARS-CoV-2. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system, we confirm that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, find that SARS-CoV-2 enters 293/hACE2 cells mainly through endocytosis, that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for entry, and that SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less stable than SARS-CoV S. Polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies T62 inhibit entry of SARS-CoV S but not SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Further studies using recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients' sera show limited cross-neutralization, suggesting that recovery from one infection might not protect against the other. Our results present potential targets for development of drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Ou
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Li
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Mi
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixuan Guo
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Chen
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Zichun Xiang
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixia Mu
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), 151 Malianwa Road North, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, China
| | | | - Keping Hu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC), 151 Malianwa Road North, Haidian District, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaohui Qian
- NHC Key laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100176, Beijing, China.
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de Araujo MEG, Liebscher G, Hess MW, Huber LA. Lysosomal size matters. Traffic 2019; 21:60-75. [PMID: 31808235 PMCID: PMC6972631 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are key cellular catabolic centers that also perform fundamental metabolic, signaling and quality control functions. Lysosomes are not static and they respond dynamically to intra‐ and extracellular stimuli triggering changes in organelle numbers, size and position. Such physical changes have a strong impact on lysosomal activity ultimately influencing cellular homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on lysosomal size regulation, on its physiological role(s) and association to several disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E G de Araujo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gudrun Liebscher
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael W Hess
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Austrian Drug Screening Institute, ADSI, Innsbruck, Austria
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