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Xu X, Yin K, Wu R. Systematic Investigation of the Trafficking of Glycoproteins on the Cell Surface. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100761. [PMID: 38593903 PMCID: PMC11087972 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins located on the cell surface play a pivotal role in nearly every extracellular activity. N-glycosylation is one of the most common and important protein modifications in eukaryotic cells, and it often regulates protein folding and trafficking. Glycosylation of cell-surface proteins undergoes meticulous regulation by various enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi, ensuring their proper folding and trafficking to the cell surface. However, the impacts of protein N-glycosylation, N-glycan maturity, and protein folding status on the trafficking of cell-surface glycoproteins remain to be explored. In this work, we comprehensively and site-specifically studied the trafficking of cell-surface glycoproteins in human cells. Integrating metabolic labeling, bioorthogonal chemistry, and multiplexed proteomics, we investigated 706 N-glycosylation sites on 396 cell-surface glycoproteins in monocytes, either by inhibiting protein N-glycosylation, disturbing N-glycan maturation, or perturbing protein folding in the ER. The current results reveal their distinct impacts on the trafficking of surface glycoproteins. The inhibition of protein N-glycosylation dramatically suppresses the trafficking of many cell-surface glycoproteins. The N-glycan immaturity has more substantial effects on proteins with high N-glycosylation site densities, while the perturbation of protein folding in the ER exerts a more pronounced impact on surface glycoproteins with larger sizes. Furthermore, for N-glycosylated proteins, their trafficking to the cell surface is related to the secondary structures and adjacent amino acid residues of glycosylation sites. Systematic analysis of surface glycoprotein trafficking advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying protein secretion and surface presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kejun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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2
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Baghdassarian HM, Lewis NE. Resource allocation in mammalian systems. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108305. [PMID: 38215956 PMCID: PMC11182366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cells execute biological functions to support phenotypes such as growth, migration, and secretion. Complementarily, each function of a cell has resource costs that constrain phenotype. Resource allocation by a cell allows it to manage these costs and optimize their phenotypes. In fact, the management of resource constraints (e.g., nutrient availability, bioenergetic capacity, and macromolecular machinery production) shape activity and ultimately impact phenotype. In mammalian systems, quantification of resource allocation provides important insights into higher-order multicellular functions; it shapes intercellular interactions and relays environmental cues for tissues to coordinate individual cells to overcome resource constraints and achieve population-level behavior. Furthermore, these constraints, objectives, and phenotypes are context-dependent, with cells adapting their behavior according to their microenvironment, resulting in distinct steady-states. This review will highlight the biological insights gained from probing resource allocation in mammalian cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hratch M Baghdassarian
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Soundararajan A, Pattabiraman PP. Method to Assess the Intracellular Fate and Bioavailability of Clusterin Using Live Cell Confocal Microscopy Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2816:145-149. [PMID: 38977596 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3902-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Clusterin, also known as apolipoprotein J, is an ATP-independent holdase chaperone protein. Clusterin is involved in various functions including protein quality control and lipid transport. Though clusterin is secreted upon stress, the intracellular fate of clusterin after a stress response is not well understood. The protocol described here utilizes clusterin tagged to fluorescent proteins like green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein to understand the intracellular fate of clusterin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Soundararajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Padmanabhan Paranji Pattabiraman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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4
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Zelanis A, Barcick U, Racorti NDV, Salardani M. Heterotypic communication as the promoter of phenotypic plasticity of cancer cells: The role of cancer secretomes. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200243. [PMID: 37474490 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular communication relies on signaling circuits whose statuses are mainly modulated by soluble biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and metabolites as well as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, the active secretion of such biomolecules is critical for both cell homeostasis and proper pathophysiological responses in a timely fashion. In this context, proteins are among the main modulators of such biological responses. Hence, profiling cell line secretomes may be an opportunity for the identification of "signatures" of specific cell types (i.e., stromal or metastatic cells) with important prognostic/therapeutic value. This review will focus on the biological implications of cell secretomes in the context of cancer, as well as their functional roles in shaping the tumoral microenvironment (TME) and communication status of participating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Zelanis
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uilla Barcick
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathália de Vasconcellos Racorti
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Salardani
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Marom R, Zhang B, Washington ME, Song IW, Burrage LC, Rossi VC, Berrier AS, Lindsey A, Lesinski J, Nonet ML, Chen J, Baldridge D, Silverman GA, Sutton VR, Rosenfeld JA, Tran AA, Hicks MJ, Murdock DR, Dai H, Weis M, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Caswell R, Pottinger C, Cilliers D, Stals K, Eyre D, Krakow D, Schedl T, Pak SC, Lee BH. Dominant negative variants in KIF5B cause osteogenesis imperfecta via down regulation of mTOR signaling. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011005. [PMID: 37934770 PMCID: PMC10656020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinesin motor proteins transport intracellular cargo, including mRNA, proteins, and organelles. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-related genes have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and skeletal dysplasias. We identified de novo, heterozygous variants in KIF5B, encoding a kinesin-1 subunit, in four individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta. The variants cluster within the highly conserved kinesin motor domain and are predicted to interfere with nucleotide binding, although the mechanistic consequences on cell signaling and function are unknown. METHODS To understand the in vivo genetic mechanism of KIF5B variants, we modeled the p.Thr87Ile variant that was found in two patients in the C. elegans ortholog, unc-116, at the corresponding position (Thr90Ile) by CRISPR/Cas9 editing and performed functional analysis. Next, we studied the cellular and molecular consequences of the recurrent p.Thr87Ile variant by microscopy, RNA and protein analysis in NIH3T3 cells, primary human fibroblasts and bone biopsy. RESULTS C. elegans heterozygous for the unc-116 Thr90Ile variant displayed abnormal body length and motility phenotypes that were suppressed by additional copies of the wild type allele, consistent with a dominant negative mechanism. Time-lapse imaging of GFP-tagged mitochondria showed defective mitochondria transport in unc-116 Thr90Ile neurons providing strong evidence for disrupted kinesin motor function. Microscopy studies in human cells showed dilated endoplasmic reticulum, multiple intracellular vacuoles, and abnormal distribution of the Golgi complex, supporting an intracellular trafficking defect. RNA sequencing, proteomic analysis, and bone immunohistochemistry demonstrated down regulation of the mTOR signaling pathway that was partially rescued with leucine supplementation in patient cells. CONCLUSION We report dominant negative variants in the KIF5B kinesin motor domain in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta. This study expands the spectrum of kinesin-related disorders and identifies dysregulated signaling targets for KIF5B in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Marom
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Megan E. Washington
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - I-Wen Song
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lindsay C. Burrage
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vittoria C. Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ava S. Berrier
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anika Lindsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jacob Lesinski
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Nonet
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dustin Baldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alyssa A. Tran
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - M. John Hicks
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David R. Murdock
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hongzheng Dai
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shalini N. Jhangiani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donna M. Muzny
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard Caswell
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Pottinger
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, Wrexham Maelor Hospital, Wrexham, UK
| | - Deirdre Cilliers
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Deborah Krakow
- Human Genetics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Schedl
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Brendan H. Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Bersano J, Lashuk K, Edinger A, Schueler J. A Subset of Colon Cancer Cell Lines Displays a Cytokine Profile Linked to Angiogenesis, EMT and Invasion Which Is Modulated by the Culture Conditions In Vitro. Cells 2023; 12:2539. [PMID: 37947617 PMCID: PMC10648033 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. The dysregulation of secretory pathways is a crucial driver of CRC progression, since it modulates cell proliferation, angiogenesis and survival. This study explores the changes in the CRC cytokine profile depending on the culture conditions and the presence of fibroblasts and macrophages as cellular components of the tumor microenvironment in 2D and in 3D formed spheroids. Upon analysis of 45 different cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, 20 CRC cell lines were categorized into high and low secretors. In the high secretor group cytokines related to angiogenesis, EMT and invasion were significantly upregulated. LIF and HFG were identified as the best discriminator between both groups. Independent of this grouping, the addition of normal as well as cancer-associated fibroblasts had a similar impact on the cytokine profile by increasing the total amount of secreted cytokines in most of the investigated cell lines. In contrast, the differentiation and polarization of macrophages was modulated differently by normal vs. cancer-associated fibroblasts. In summary, we identified two groups of CRC cell lines that differ in their cytokine profile. The dependance of this profile was analyzed in detail-not only from the tumor cell line but as well from the culture condition in vitro. Key cytokines that discriminate the two groups were identified and their importance as promising biomarker candidates for CRC discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12–14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (J.B.); (K.L.); (A.E.)
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7
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Firdos, Mittal A. Secretory Conservation in Insulin Producing Cells: Is There a System-Level Law of Mass Action in Biology? ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37573-37583. [PMID: 37954232 PMCID: PMC10635588 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Altered secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells can manifest into disorders. For example, a lack of endogenously produced and/or secreted insulin results in Type 1 diabetes (and other associated subtypes). Pancreatic β-cells are the endocrine secretory cells that promote insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. Secretion in response to extracellular triggers is an interplay among various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and molecular mechanisms. The Mouse Insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cell line serves as a model system for gaining mechanistic insights into pancreatic β-cell functions. It is obvious that higher glucose consumption and increased insulin secretion are correlated. However, it has been reported that intracellular ATP levels remain ∼ constant beyond the extracellular glucose (EG) concentration of 10 mM. Therefore, any cause-effect relationship between glucose consumption (GC) and enhanced insulin secretion (eIS) remains unclear. We also found that total cellular protein, as well as total protein content in the culture "supernatant," remains constant regardless of varying EG concentrations. This indicated that eIS may be at the cost of (a) intracellular synthesis of other proteins and (b) secretion of other secretory proteins, or both (a) and (b), somehow coupled with GC by cells. To gain insights into the above, we carried out a transcriptome study of MIN6 cells exposed to hypoglycemic (HoG = 2.8 mM EG) and hyperglycemic (HyG = 25 mM EG) conditions. Expression of transcripts was analyzed in terms of Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads and Transcripts Per Million (FPKM and TPM) as well as values obtained by normalizing w.r.t. "∑(FPKM)" and "∑(TPM)." We report that HyG extracellular conditions lead to an ∼2-fold increase in insulin secretion compared to HoG measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and transcripts of secreted proteins as well as their isoforms decreased in HyG conditions compared to HoG. Our results show for the first time that eIS in HyG conditions is at the cost of reduced transcription of other secreted proteins and is coupled with higher GC. The higher GC at increased extracellular glucose also indicates a yet undiscovered role of glucose molecules enhancing insulin secretion, since ATP levels resulting from glucose metabolism have been reported to be constant above an EG concentration of 10 mM. While extrapolation of our results to clinical implications is ambitious at best, this work reports novel cellular level aspects that seem relevant in some clinical observations pertaining to Type 1 diabetes. In addition, the conservatory nature of cellular secretions in insulin-secreting cells, discovered here, may be a general feature in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdos
- Kusuma
School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aditya Mittal
- Kusuma
School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi (IIT Delhi), Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
- Supercomputing
Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (SCFBio), IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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Fischer AAM, Schatz L, Baaske J, Römer W, Weber W, Thuenauer R. Real-time monitoring of cell surface protein arrival with split luciferases. Traffic 2023; 24:453-462. [PMID: 37403269 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Each cell in a multicellular organism permanently adjusts the concentration of its cell surface proteins. In particular, epithelial cells tightly control the number of carriers, transporters and cell adhesion proteins at their plasma membrane. However, sensitively measuring the cell surface concentration of a particular protein of interest in live cells and in real time represents a considerable challenge. Here, we introduce a novel approach based on split luciferases, which uses one luciferase fragment as a tag on the protein of interest and the second fragment as a supplement to the extracellular medium. Once the protein of interest arrives at the cell surface, the luciferase fragments complement and generate luminescence. We compared the performance of split Gaussia luciferase and split Nanoluciferase by using a system to synchronize biosynthetic trafficking with conditional aggregation domains. The best results were achieved with split Nanoluciferase, for which luminescence increased more than 6000-fold upon recombination. Furthermore, we showed that our approach can separately detect and quantify the arrival of membrane proteins at the apical and basolateral plasma membrane in single polarized epithelial cells by detecting the luminescence signals with a microscope, thus opening novel avenues for characterizing the variations in trafficking in individual epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A M Fischer
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Schatz
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Baaske
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Römer
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Signaling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Technology Platform Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
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Subramanian A, Remondelli P. Editorial: Homeostatic regulation of protein synthesis, folding and secretion by stress response pathways in eukaryotes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1282272. [PMID: 37779897 PMCID: PMC10534947 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1282272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Advait Subramanian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- G W Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paolo Remondelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Hymer WC, Kraemer WJ. Resistance exercise stress: theoretical mechanisms for growth hormone processing and release from the anterior pituitary somatotroph. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1867-1878. [PMID: 37421488 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy resistance exercise (HRE) is the most effective method for inducing muscular hypertrophy and stimulating anabolic hormones, including growth hormone, into the blood. In this review, we explore possible mechanisms within the GH secretory pathway of the pituitary somatotroph, which are likely to modulate the flow of hormone synthesis and packaging as it is processed prior to exocytosis. Special emphasis is placed on the secretory granule and its possible role as a signaling hub. We also review data that summarize how HRE affects the quality and quantity of the secreted hormone. Finally, these pathway mechanisms are considered in the context of heterogeneity of the somatotroph population in the anterior pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Hymer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43802, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
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11
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Frontini-López YR, Rivera L, Pocognoni CA, Roldán JS, Colombo MI, Uhart M, Delgui LR. Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Assembly Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Lipid Droplet Accumulation. Viruses 2023; 15:1295. [PMID: 37376595 DOI: 10.3390/v15061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gumboro illness is caused by the highly contagious immunosuppressive infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which affects the poultry industry globally. We have previously shown that IBDV hijacks the endocytic pathway to construct viral replication complexes on endosomes linked to the Golgi complex (GC). Then, analyzing crucial proteins involved in the secretory pathway, we showed the essential requirement of Rab1b, the Rab1b downstream effector Golgi-specific BFA resistance factor 1 (GBF1), and its substrate, the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), for IBDV replication. In the current work, we focused on elucidating the IBDV assembly sites. We show that viral assembly occurs within single-membrane compartments closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, though we failed to elucidate the exact nature of the virus-wrapping membranes. Additionally, we show that IBDV infection promotes the stress of the ER, characterized by an accumulation of the chaperone binding protein (BiP) and lipid droplets (LDs) in the host cells. Overall, our results represent further original data showing the interplay between IBDV and the secretory pathway, making a substantial contribution to the field of birnaviruses-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica R Frontini-López
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Rivera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Pocognoni
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Julieta S Roldán
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham 1686, Argentina
| | - María I Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Marina Uhart
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mendoza 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, Argentina
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Jia J, Tang S, Yue X, Jing S, Zhu L, Tan C, Gao J, Du Y, Lee I, Qian Y. An A-Kinase Anchoring Protein (ACBD3) Coordinates Traffic-Induced PKA Activation At The Golgi. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104696. [PMID: 37044218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
KDEL receptor (KDELR) is a key protein that recycles escaped ER resident proteins from the Golgi apparatus back to the ER and maintains a dynamic balance between these two organelles in the early secretory pathway. Studies have shown that this retrograde transport pathway is partly regulated by two KDELR-interacting proteins, Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing 3 (ACBD3), and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). However, whether Golgi-localized ACBD3, which was first discovered as a PKA-anchoring protein in mitochondria, directly interacts with PKA at the Golgi and coordinates its signaling in Golgi-to-ER traffic has remained unclear. In this study, we showed that the GOLD domain of ACBD3 directly interacts with the regulatory subunit II (RII) of PKA and effectively recruits PKA holoenzyme to the Golgi. Forward trafficking of proteins from the ER triggers activation of PKA by releasing the catalytic subunit from RII. Furthermore, we determined that depletion of ACBD3 reduces the Golgi fraction of RII, resulting in moderate, but constitutive activation of PKA and KDELR retrograde transport, independent of cargo influx from the ER. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ACBD3 coordinates the protein secretory pathway at the Golgi by facilitating KDELR/PKA-containing protein complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuocheng Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xihua Yue
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiyang Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhui Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanting Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkai Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulei Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Intaek Lee
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Wang JY(J, Khmelinskaia A, Sheffler W, Miranda MC, Antanasijevic A, Borst AJ, Torres SV, Shu C, Hsia Y, Nattermann U, Ellis D, Walkey C, Ahlrichs M, Chan S, Kang A, Nguyen H, Sydeman C, Sankaran B, Wu M, Bera AK, Carter L, Fiala B, Murphy M, Baker D, Ward AB, King NP. Improving the secretion of designed protein assemblies through negative design of cryptic transmembrane domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214556120. [PMID: 36888664 PMCID: PMC10089191 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214556120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Computationally designed protein nanoparticles have recently emerged as a promising platform for the development of new vaccines and biologics. For many applications, secretion of designed nanoparticles from eukaryotic cells would be advantageous, but in practice, they often secrete poorly. Here we show that designed hydrophobic interfaces that drive nanoparticle assembly are often predicted to form cryptic transmembrane domains, suggesting that interaction with the membrane insertion machinery could limit efficient secretion. We develop a general computational protocol, the Degreaser, to design away cryptic transmembrane domains without sacrificing protein stability. The retroactive application of the Degreaser to previously designed nanoparticle components and nanoparticles considerably improves secretion, and modular integration of the Degreaser into design pipelines results in new nanoparticles that secrete as robustly as naturally occurring protein assemblies. Both the Degreaser protocol and the nanoparticles we describe may be broadly useful in biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang (John) Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Alena Khmelinskaia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Transdisciplinary Research Area “Building Blocks of Matter and Fundamental Interactions”, University of Bonn, 53113Bonn, Germany
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53121Bonn, Germany
| | - William Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Marcos C. Miranda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Andrew J. Borst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Susana V. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Chelsea Shu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Yang Hsia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Una Nattermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Graduate Program in Biological Physics, Structure and Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Daniel Ellis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Carl Walkey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Maggie Ahlrichs
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Sidney Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Alex Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Hannah Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Claire Sydeman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
- Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Mengyu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Asim K. Bera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Lauren Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Brooke Fiala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - David Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
- Scripps Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Neil P. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
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14
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Cui H, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhao X, Cheng H, Xu J, Chen X, Ding Z. Intelectin enhances the phagocytosis of macrophages via CDC42-WASF2-ARPC2 signaling axis in Megalobrama amblycephala. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124027. [PMID: 36907302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Intelectin has been identified in various vertebrates and plays an important role in the host immune system. In our previous studies, recombinant Megalobrama amblycephala intelectin (rMaINTL) protein with excellent bacterial binding and agglutination activities enhances the phagocytic and killing activities of macrophages in M. amblycephala; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The present study showed that treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila and LPS induced the expression of rMaINTL in macrophages, and its level and distribution in macrophages or kidney tissue markedly increased after incubation or injection with rMaINTL. The cellular structure of macrophages was significantly affected after incubation with rMaINTL, resulting in an increased surface area and pseudopodia extension, which might contribute to enhancing the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Then, digital gene expression profiling analysis of the kidneys from rMaINTL-treated juvenile M. amblycephala identified some phagocytosis-related signaling factors that were enriched in pathways involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, qRT-PCR and western blotting verified that rMaINTL upregulated the expression of CDC42, WASF2, and ARPC2 in vitro and in vivo; however, the expression of these proteins was inhibited by a CDC42 inhibitor in macrophages. Moreover, CDC42 mediated the promotion of rMaINTL on actin polymerization by increasing the F-actin/G-actin ratio, which led to the extension of pseudopodia and remodeling of the macrophage cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis by rMaINTL was blocked by the CDC42 inhibitor. These results suggested that rMaINTL induced the expression of CDC42 as well as the downstream signaling molecules WASF2 and ARPC2, thereby facilitating actin polymerization to promote cytoskeletal remodeling and phagocytosis. Overall, MaINTL enhanced the phagocytosis activity of macrophages in M. amblycephala via activation of the CDC42-WASF2-ARPC2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujun Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yancui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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15
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Alfredsson J, Fabrik I, Gorreja F, Caër C, Sihlbom C, Block M, Börjesson LG, Lindskog EB, Wick MJ. Isobaric labeling-based quantitative proteomics of FACS-purified immune cells and epithelial cells from the intestine of Crohn's disease patients reveals proteome changes of potential importance in disease pathogenesis. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200366. [PMID: 36479858 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent flares of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Disease etiology is poorly understood and is characterized by dysregulated immune activation that progressively destroys intestinal tissue. Key cellular compartments in disease pathogenesis are the intestinal epithelial layer and its underlying lamina propria. While the epithelium contains predominantly epithelial cells, the lamina propria is enriched in immune cells. Deciphering proteome changes in different cell populations is important to understand CD pathogenesis. Here, using isobaric labeling-based quantitative proteomics, we perform an exploratory study to analyze in-depth proteome changes in epithelial cells, immune cells and stromal cells in CD patients compared to controls using cells purified by FACS. Our study revealed increased proteins associated with neutrophil degranulation and mitochondrial metabolism in immune cells of CD intestinal mucosa. We also found upregulation of proteins involved in glycosylation and secretory pathways in epithelial cells of CD patients, while proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism were reduced. The distinct alterations in protein levels in immune- versus epithelial cells underscores the utility of proteome analysis of defined cell types. Moreover, our workflow allowing concomitant assessment of cell-type specific changes on an individual basis enables deeper insight into disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Alfredsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivo Fabrik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frida Gorreja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charles Caër
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Sihlbom
- Proteomics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mattias Block
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars G Börjesson
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elinor Bexe Lindskog
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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van Leeuwen W, Nguyen DTM, Grond R, Veenendaal T, Rabouille C, Farías GG. Stress-induced phase separation of ERES components into Sec bodies precedes ER exit inhibition in mammalian cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs260294. [PMID: 36325988 PMCID: PMC10112967 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation of components of ER exit sites (ERES) into membraneless compartments, the Sec bodies, occurs in Drosophila cells upon exposure to specific cellular stressors, namely, salt stress and amino acid starvation, and their formation is linked to the early secretory pathway inhibition. Here, we show Sec bodies also form in secretory mammalian cells upon the same stress. These reversible and membraneless structures are positive for ERES components, including both Sec16A and Sec16B isoforms and COPII subunits. We find that Sec16A, but not Sec16B, is a driver for Sec body formation, and that the coalescence of ERES components into Sec bodies occurs by fusion. Finally, we show that the stress-induced coalescence of ERES components into Sec bodies precedes ER exit inhibition, leading to their progressive depletion from ERES that become non-functional. Stress relief causes an immediate dissolution of Sec bodies and the concomitant restoration of ER exit. We propose that the dynamic conversion between ERES and Sec body assembly, driven by Sec16A, regulates protein exit from the ER during stress and upon stress relief in mammalian cells, thus providing a conserved pro-survival mechanism in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel van Leeuwen
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Dan T. M. Nguyen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Grond
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Rabouille
- Hubrecht Institute of the KNAW & UMC Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences in Cells and Systems, UMC Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Ginny G. Farías
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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17
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Upadhyay M, Gupta S. Endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway: Potential target against SARS-CoV-2. Virus Res 2022; 320:198897. [PMID: 35988898 PMCID: PMC9387115 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently emerged throughout the world, resulting in more than 400 million cases and over 6 million deaths worldwide as of January 2022. Coronaviruses subvert or use certain aspects of the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum to overcome protein translation shutdown to benefit their replication. New virions use the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment to assemble and gain transportation to the cell membrane. Extensive remodeling of the ER has been demonstrated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review article, we discuss the role of the endoplasmic reticulum secretory pathway in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2. Currently, there is a dearth of therapeutic options for intervening with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To accelerate drug development, efforts around the globe have been focusing on repurposing drugs that have already been approved for clinical use by regulatory agencies. Targeting the ERS pathway is reasonable, as prior work has shown that SARS-CoV-2 egress is dependent on this pathway. Here we discuss the feasibility of off-patent, FDA-approved, pharmacological inhibitors of the ERS pathway to suppress the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle, a promising approach that warrants investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarisha Upadhyay
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Discipline of Pathology, Cancer Progression and Treatment Research Group, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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18
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Post-Transcriptional Control of mRNA Metabolism and Protein Secretion: The Third Level of Regulation within the NF-κB System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092108. [PMID: 36140209 PMCID: PMC9495616 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB system is a key transcriptional pathway that regulates innate and adaptive immunity because it triggers the activation and differentiation processes of lymphocytes and myeloid cells during immune responses. In most instances, binding to cytoplasmic inhibitory IκB proteins sequesters NF-κB into an inactive state, while a plethora of external triggers activate three complex signaling cascades that mediate the release and nuclear translocation of the NF-κB DNA-binding subunits. In addition to these cytosolic steps (level 1 of NF-κB regulation), NF-κB activity is also controlled in the nucleus by signaling events, cofactors and the chromatin environment to precisely determine chromatin recruitment and the specificity and timing of target gene transcription (level 2 of NF-κB regulation). Here, we discuss an additional layer of the NF-κB system that manifests in various steps of post-transcriptional gene expression and protein secretion. This less-studied regulatory level allows reduction of (transcriptional) noise and signal integration and endows time-shifted control of the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Detailed knowledge of these steps is important, as dysregulated post-transcriptional NF-κB signaling circuits are likely to foster chronic inflammation and contribute to the formation and maintenance of a tumor-promoting microenvironment.
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19
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Spano D, Colanzi A. Golgi Complex: A Signaling Hub in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1990. [PMID: 35805075 PMCID: PMC9265605 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi Complex is the central hub in the endomembrane system and serves not only as a biosynthetic and processing center but also as a trafficking and sorting station for glycoproteins and lipids. In addition, it is an active signaling hub involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including cell polarity, motility, growth, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, DNA repair and stress responses. As such, the dysregulation of the Golgi Complex-centered signaling cascades contributes to the onset of several pathological conditions, including cancer. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the signaling pathways regulated by the Golgi Complex and implicated in promoting cancer hallmarks and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonino Colanzi
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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20
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Kader MA, Ahammed A, Khan MS, Ashik SAA, Islam MS, Hossain MU. Hypothetical protein predicted to be tumor suppressor: a protein functional analysis. Genomics Inform 2022; 20:e6. [PMID: 35399005 PMCID: PMC9002001 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Litorilituus sediminis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, novel bacterium under the family of Colwelliaceae, has a stunning hypothetical protein containing domain called von Hippel-Lindau that has significant tumor suppressor activity. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate the structure and function of the biologically important hypothetical protein EMK97_00595 (QBG34344.1) using several bioinformatics tools. The functional annotation exposed that the hypothetical protein is an extracellular secretory soluble signal peptide and contains the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL; VHL beta) domain that has a significant role in tumor suppression. This domain is conserved throughout evolution, as its homologs are available in various types of the organism like mammals, insects, and nematode. The gene product of VHL has a critical regulatory activity in the ubiquitous oxygen-sensing pathway. This domain has a significant role in inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis progression, kidney cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. At last, the current study depicts that the annotated hypothetical protein is linked with tumor suppressor activity which might be of great interest to future research in the higher organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Kader
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Akash Ahammed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sharif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Abdullah Al Ashik
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
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21
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Abstract
Birnaviruses are members of the Birnaviridae family, responsible for major economic losses to poultry and aquaculture. The family is composed of non-enveloped viruses with a segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), the prototypic family member, is the etiological agent of Gumboro disease, a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in the poultry industry worldwide. We previously demonstrated that IBDV hijacks the endocytic pathway for establishing the viral replication complexes on endosomes associated with the Golgi complex (GC). In this work, we report that IBDV reorganizes the GC to localize the endosome-associated replication complexes without affecting its secretory functionality. Analyzing crucial proteins involved in the secretory pathway, we showed the essential requirement of Rab1b for viral replication. Rab1b comprises a key regulator of GC transport and we demonstrate that transfecting the negative mutant Rab1b N121I or knocking down Rab1b expression by RNA interference significantly reduces the yield of infectious viral progeny. Furthermore, we showed that the Rab1b downstream effector Golgi-specific BFA resistance factor 1 (GBF1), which activates the small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), is required for IBDV replication since inhibiting its activity by treatment with brefeldin A (BFA) or Golgicide A (GCA) significantly reduces the yield of infectious viral progeny. Finally, we show that ARF1 dominant negative-mutant T31N over-expression hampered the IBDV infection. Taken together, these results demonstrate that IBDV requires the function of the Rab1b-GBF1-ARF1 axis to promote its replication, making a substantial contribution to the field of birnaviruses-host cell interactions. IMPORTANCE Birnaviruses are unconventional members of the dsRNA viruses, being the lack of a transcriptionally active core the main differential feature. This structural trait, among others that resemble the plus single-stranded (+ssRNA) viruses features, suggests that birnaviruses might follow a different replication program from that conducted by prototypical dsRNA members and have argued the hypothesis that birnaviruses could be evolutionary links between +ssRNA and dsRNA viruses. Here, we present original data showing the IBDV-induced GC reorganization and the crosstalk between IBDV and the Rab1b-GBF1-ARF1 mediated intracellular trafficking pathway. The replication of several +ssRNA viruses depends on the cellular protein GBF1, but its role in the replication process is not clear. Thus, our findings make a substantial contribution to the field of birnaviruses-host cells and provide further evidence supporting the proposed evolutionary connection role of birnaviruses, an aspect which we consider especially relevant for researchers working in the virology field.
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Hyperlipidemia May Synergize with Hypomethylation in Establishing Trained Immunity and Promoting Inflammation in NASH and NAFLD. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3928323. [PMID: 34859106 PMCID: PMC8632388 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3928323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a panoramic analysis on both human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) microarray data and microarray/RNA-seq data from various mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease NASH/NAFLD with total 4249 genes examined and made the following findings: (i) human NASH and NAFLD mouse models upregulate both cytokines and chemokines; (ii) pathway analysis indicated that human NASH can be classified into metabolic and immune NASH; methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD)+high-fat diet (HFD), glycine N-methyltransferase deficient (GNMT-KO), methionine adenosyltransferase 1A deficient (MAT1A-KO), and HFCD (high-fat-cholesterol diet) can be classified into inflammatory, SAM accumulation, cholesterol/mevalonate, and LXR/RXR-fatty acid β-oxidation NAFLD, respectively; (iii) canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes play differential roles in the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD; (iv) trained immunity (TI) enzymes are significantly upregulated in NASH/NAFLD; HFCD upregulates TI enzymes more than cytokines, chemokines, and inflammasome regulators; (v) the MCD+HFD is a model with the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and canonical and noncanonical inflammasomes; however, the HFCD is a model with upregulation of TI enzymes and lipid peroxidation enzymes; and (vi) caspase-11 and caspase-1 act as upstream master regulators, which partially upregulate the expressions of cytokines, chemokines, canonical and noncanonical inflammasome pathway regulators, TI enzymes, and lipid peroxidation enzymes. Our findings provide novel insights on the synergies between hyperlipidemia and hypomethylation in establishing TI and promoting inflammation in NASH and NAFLD progression and novel targets for future therapeutic interventions for NASH and NAFLD, metabolic diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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23
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Powell G, Pavlovic Djuranovic S, Djuranovic S. Gene dosage effects of poly(A) track-engineered hypomorphs. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:865-878. [PMID: 34729253 PMCID: PMC8536507 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of gene activity through creation of hypomorphic mutants has been a long-standing tool in examining gene function. Our previous studies have indicated that hypomorphic mutants could be created by inserting cis-regulatory sequences composed of consecutive adenosine nucleotides called poly(A) tracks. Here we use poly(A) tracks to create hypomorphic mutants and functional characterization of membrane, secretory, and endogenous proteins. Insertion of poly(A) tracks into the sequences of interleukin-2 and membrane protein CD20 results in a programmable reduction of mRNA stability and attenuation of protein expression regardless of the presence of a signaling sequence. Likewise, CRISPR-Cas9 targeted insertion of poly(A) tracks into the coding sequence of the endogenous human genes AUF1 and TP53 results in a programmable reduction of targeted protein and mRNA levels. Functional analyses of AUF1-engineered hypomorphs indicate a direct correlation between AUF1 gene levels and the stability of AUF1-regulated mRNAs. Hypomorphs of TP53 affect expression of the target genes differentially depending on the severity of the hypomorphic mutation. Finally, decreases in TP53 protein affect the same cellular pathways in poly(A) track-engineered cells as in cancer cells, indicating these variants’ biological relevance. These results highlight this technology’s power to create predictable, stable hypomorphs in recombinant or endogenous genes in combination with CRISPR-Cas9 engineering tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geralle Powell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Slavica Pavlovic Djuranovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sergej Djuranovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Correspondence: Sergej Djuranovic, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8228, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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24
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Ford C, Parchure A, von Blume J, Burd CG. Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259110. [PMID: 34870705 PMCID: PMC8714066 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G. Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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25
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Nüchel J, Tauber M, Nolte JL, Mörgelin M, Türk C, Eckes B, Demetriades C, Plomann M. An mTORC1-GRASP55 signaling axis controls unconventional secretion to reshape the extracellular proteome upon stress. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3275-3293.e12. [PMID: 34245671 PMCID: PMC8382303 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells communicate with their environment via surface proteins and secreted factors. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is an evolutionarily conserved process, via which distinct cargo proteins are secreted upon stress. Most UPS types depend upon the Golgi-associated GRASP55 protein. However, its regulation and biological role remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) directly phosphorylates GRASP55 to maintain its Golgi localization, thus revealing a physiological role for mTORC1 at this organelle. Stimuli that inhibit mTORC1 cause GRASP55 dephosphorylation and relocalization to UPS compartments. Through multiple, unbiased, proteomic analyses, we identify numerous cargoes that follow this unconventional secretory route to reshape the cellular secretome and surfactome. Using MMP2 secretion as a proxy for UPS, we provide important insights on its regulation and physiological role. Collectively, our findings reveal the mTORC1-GRASP55 signaling hub as the integration point in stress signaling upstream of UPS and as a key coordinator of the cellular adaptation to stress. mTORC1 phosphorylates GRASP55 directly at the Golgi in non-stressed cells mTORC1 inactivation by stress leads to GRASP55 dephosphorylation and relocalization GRASP55 relocalization to autophagosomes and MVBs drives UPS of selected cargo mTORC1-GRASP55 link cellular stress to changes in the extracellular proteome via UPS
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Nüchel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Tauber
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janica L Nolte
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Clara Türk
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Matrix Biology, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus Plomann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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26
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Roboti P, O'Keefe S, Duah KB, Shi WQ, High S. Ipomoeassin-F disrupts multiple aspects of secretory protein biogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11562. [PMID: 34079010 PMCID: PMC8173012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sec61 complex translocates nascent polypeptides into and across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), providing access to the secretory pathway. In this study, we show that Ipomoeassin-F (Ipom-F), a selective inhibitor of protein entry into the ER lumen, blocks the in vitro translocation of certain secretory proteins and ER lumenal folding factors whilst barely affecting others such as albumin. The effects of Ipom-F on protein secretion from HepG2 cells are twofold: reduced ER translocation combined, in some cases, with defective ER lumenal folding. This latter issue is most likely a consequence of Ipom-F preventing the cell from replenishing its ER lumenal chaperones. Ipom-F treatment results in two cellular stress responses: firstly, an upregulation of stress-inducible cytosolic chaperones, Hsp70 and Hsp90; secondly, an atypical unfolded protein response (UPR) linked to the Ipom-F-mediated perturbation of ER function. Hence, although levels of spliced XBP1 and CHOP mRNA and ATF4 protein increase with Ipom-F, the accompanying increase in the levels of ER lumenal BiP and GRP94 seen with tunicamycin are not observed. In short, although Ipom-F reduces the biosynthetic load of newly synthesised secretory proteins entering the ER lumen, its effects on the UPR preclude the cell restoring ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peristera Roboti
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Sarah O'Keefe
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kwabena B Duah
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Wei Q Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA
| | - Stephen High
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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27
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Ni D, Tang T, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Saredy J, Liu L, Drummer C, Sun Y, Hu W, Lopez-Pastrana J, Luo JJ, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Canonical Secretomes, Innate Immune Caspase-1-, 4/11-Gasdermin D Non-Canonical Secretomes and Exosomes May Contribute to Maintain Treg-Ness for Treg Immunosuppression, Tissue Repair and Modulate Anti-Tumor Immunity via ROS Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678201. [PMID: 34084175 PMCID: PMC8168470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a transcriptomic analyses using the strategies we pioneered and made the following findings: 1) Normal lymphoid Tregs, diseased kidney Tregs, splenic Tregs from mice with injured muscle have 3, 17 and 3 specific (S-) pathways, respectively; 2) Tumor splenic Tregs share 12 pathways with tumor Tregs; tumor splenic Tregs and tumor Tregs have 11 and 8 S-pathways, respectively; 3) Normal and non-tumor disease Tregs upregulate some of novel 2641 canonical secretomic genes (SGs) with 24 pathways, and tumor Tregs upregulate canonical secretomes with 17 pathways; 4) Normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs upregulate some of novel 6560 exosome SGs with 56 exosome SG pathways (ESP), tumor Treg ESP are more focused than other Tregs; 5) Normal, non-tumor diseased Treg and tumor Tregs upregulate some of novel 961 innate immune caspase-1 SGs and 1223 innate immune caspase-4 SGs to fulfill their tissue/SG-specific and shared functions; 6) Most tissue Treg transcriptomes are controlled by Foxp3; and Tumor Tregs had increased Foxp3 non-collaboration genes with ROS and 17 other pathways; 7) Immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 does, but CTLA-4 does not, play significant roles in promoting Treg upregulated genes in normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs; and tumor splenic and tumor Tregs have certain CTLA-4-, and PD-1-, non-collaboration transcriptomic changes with innate immune dominant pathways; 8) Tumor Tregs downregulate more immunometabolic and innate immune memory (trained immunity) genes than Tregs from other groups; and 11) ROS significantly regulate Treg transcriptomes; and ROS-suppressed genes are downregulated more in tumor Tregs than Tregs from other groups. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of Tregs in normal, injuries, regeneration, tumor conditions and some of canonical and innate immune non-canonical secretomes via ROS-regulatory mechanisms and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - TingTing Tang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Department of Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin J Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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28
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Haeussler S, Yeroslaviz A, Rolland SG, Luehr S, Lambie EJ, Conradt B. Genome-wide RNAi screen for regulators of UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with defects in mitochondrial fusion. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6204483. [PMID: 33784383 PMCID: PMC8495942 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in mitochondrial quality control and the adaptation of metabolic activity in response to environmental changes. The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has detrimental consequences for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis and leads to the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control mechanism that adjusts cellular metabolism and restores homeostasis. To identify genes involved in the induction of UPRmt in response to a block in mitochondrial fusion, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in Caenorhabditis elegans mutants lacking the gene fzo-1, which encodes the ortholog of mammalian Mitofusin, and identified 299 suppressors and 86 enhancers. Approximately 90% of these 385 genes are conserved in humans, and one third of the conserved genes have been implicated in human disease. Furthermore, many have roles in developmental processes, which suggests that mitochondrial function and the response to stress are defined during development and maintained throughout life. Our dataset primarily contains mitochondrial enhancers and non-mitochondrial suppressors of UPRmt, indicating that the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis has evolved as a critical cellular function, which, when disrupted, can be compensated for by many different cellular processes. Analysis of the subsets 'non-mitochondrial enhancers' and 'mitochondrial suppressors' suggests that organellar contact sites, especially between the ER and mitochondria, are of importance for mitochondrial homeostasis. In addition, we identified several genes involved in IP3 signaling that modulate UPRmt in fzo-1 mutants and found a potential link between pre-mRNA splicing and UPRmt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Haeussler
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Computational Biology Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stéphane G Rolland
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Sebastian Luehr
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eric J Lambie
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6AP, United Kingdom
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29
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Zhang R, Xu K, Shao Y, Sun Y, Saredy J, Cutler E, Yao T, Liu M, Liu L, Drummer Iv C, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Ni D, Wang J, Li Y, Li R, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Tissue Treg Secretomes and Transcription Factors Shared With Stem Cells Contribute to a Treg Niche to Maintain Treg-Ness With 80% Innate Immune Pathways, and Functions of Immunosuppression and Tissue Repair. Front Immunol 2021; 11:632239. [PMID: 33613572 PMCID: PMC7892453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.632239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used functional -omics angles and examined transcriptomic heterogeneity in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from spleen (s-Treg), lymph nodes (LN-Treg), intestine (int-Treg), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT-Treg), and made significant findings: 1) Five new shared Treg genes including NIBAN, TNFRSF1b, DUSP4,VAV2, and KLRG1, and 68 new signatures are identified. Among 27 signaling pathways shared in four tissue Treg, 22 pathways are innate immune pathways (81.5%); 2) s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have zero, 49, 45, and 116 upregulated pathways, respectively; 3) 12, 7, and 15 out of 373 CD markers are identified as specific for LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively, which may initiate innate immune signaling; 4) 7, 49, 44, and 79 increased cytokines out of 1176 cytokines are identified for four Treg, respectively, suggesting that Treg have much more secretory proteins/cytokines than IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35; 5) LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have 13 additional secretory functions more than s-Treg, found by analyzing 1,706 secretomic genes; 6) 2, 20, 25, and 43 increased transcription factors (TFs) out of 1,496 TFs are identified four Treg, respectively; 7) LN-Treg and int-Treg have increased pyroptosis regulators but VAT-Treg have increased apoptosis regulators; 8) 1, 15, 19, and 31 increased kinases out of 661 kinome are identified for s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively; 9) comparing with that of s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg increase activated cluster (clusters 1–3) markers; and decrease resting cluster (clusters 4–6) markers; and 10) Treg promote tissue repair by sharing secretomes and TFs AHR, ETV5, EGR1, and KLF4 with stem cells, which partially promote upregulation of all the groups of Treg genes. These results suggest that stem cell-shared master genes make tissue Treg as the first T cell type using a Treg niche to maintain their Treg-ness with 80% innate immune pathways, and triple functions of immunosuppression, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of innate immune pathways on Treg heterogeneity and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer Iv
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jirong Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ghannoum S, Leoncio Netto W, Fantini D, Ragan-Kelley B, Parizadeh A, Jonasson E, Ståhlberg A, Farhan H, Köhn-Luque A. DIscBIO: A User-Friendly Pipeline for Biomarker Discovery in Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031399. [PMID: 33573289 PMCID: PMC7866810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing attention toward the benefits of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is leading to a myriad of computational packages for the analysis of different aspects of scRNA-seq data. For researchers without advanced programing skills, it is very challenging to combine several packages in order to perform the desired analysis in a simple and reproducible way. Here we present DIscBIO, an open-source, multi-algorithmic pipeline for easy, efficient and reproducible analysis of cellular sub-populations at the transcriptomic level. The pipeline integrates multiple scRNA-seq packages and allows biomarker discovery with decision trees and gene enrichment analysis in a network context using single-cell sequencing read counts through clustering and differential analysis. DIscBIO is freely available as an R package. It can be run either in command-line mode or through a user-friendly computational pipeline using Jupyter notebooks. We showcase all pipeline features using two scRNA-seq datasets. The first dataset consists of circulating tumor cells from patients with breast cancer. The second one is a cell cycle regulation dataset in myxoid liposarcoma. All analyses are available as notebooks that integrate in a sequential narrative R code with explanatory text and output data and images. R users can use the notebooks to understand the different steps of the pipeline and will guide them to explore their scRNA-seq data. We also provide a cloud version using Binder that allows the execution of the pipeline without the need of downloading R, Jupyter or any of the packages used by the pipeline. The cloud version can serve as a tutorial for training purposes, especially for those that are not R users or have limited programing skills. However, in order to do meaningful scRNA-seq analyses, all users will need to understand the implemented methods and their possible options and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ghannoum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (A.P.); (H.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.K.-L.); Tel.: +46-76-5770129 (S.G.)
| | - Waldir Leoncio Netto
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Damiano Fantini
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | | | - Amirabbas Parizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (A.P.); (H.F.)
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; (E.J.); (A.S.)
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (A.P.); (H.F.)
| | - Alvaro Köhn-Luque
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (A.K.-L.); Tel.: +46-76-5770129 (S.G.)
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Khan KA, Marineau A, Doyon P, Acevedo M, Durette É, Gingras AC, Servant MJ. TRK-Fused Gene (TFG), a protein involved in protein secretion pathways, is an essential component of the antiviral innate immune response. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009111. [PMID: 33411856 PMCID: PMC7790228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral innate immune response to RNA virus infection is supported by Pattern-Recognition Receptors (PRR) including RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLR), which lead to type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) production. Upon sensing of viral RNA, the E3 ubiquitin ligase TNF Receptor-Associated Factor-3 (TRAF3) is recruited along with its substrate TANK-Binding Kinase (TBK1), to MAVS-containing subcellular compartments, including mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM). However, the regulation of such events remains largely unresolved. Here, we identify TRK-Fused Gene (TFG), a protein involved in the transport of newly synthesized proteins to the endomembrane system via the Coat Protein complex II (COPII) transport vesicles, as a new TRAF3-interacting protein allowing the efficient recruitment of TRAF3 to MAVS and TBK1 following Sendai virus (SeV) infection. Using siRNA and shRNA approaches, we show that TFG is required for virus-induced TBK1 activation resulting in C-terminal IRF3 phosphorylation and dimerization. We further show that the ability of the TRAF3-TFG complex to engage mTOR following SeV infection allows TBK1 to phosphorylate mTOR on serine 2159, a post-translational modification shown to promote mTORC1 signaling. We demonstrate that the activation of mTORC1 signaling during SeV infection plays a positive role in the expression of Viperin, IRF7 and IFN-induced proteins with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFITs) proteins, and that depleting TFG resulted in a compromised antiviral state. Our study, therefore, identifies TFG as an essential component of the RLR-dependent type I IFN antiviral response. Antiviral innate immune response is the first line of defence against the invading viruses through type I interferon (IFN) signaling. However, viruses have devised ways to target signaling molecules for aberrant IFN response and worsen the disease outcome. As such, deciphering the roles of new regulators of innate immunity could transform the antiviral treatment paradigm by introducing novel panviral therapeutics designed to reinforce antiviral host responses. This could be of great use in fighting recent outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS-CoV, and the more recent SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, aberrant activation of such pathways can lead to detrimental consequences, including autoimmune diseases. Regulation of type I IFN responses is thus of paramount importance. To prevent an uncontrolled response, signaling events happen in discrete subcellular compartments, therefore, distinguishing sites involved in recognition of pathogens and those permitting downstream signaling. Here, we show TFG as a new regulator of type I IFN response allowing the efficient organization of signaling molecules. TFG, thus, further substantiates the importance of the protein trafficking machinery in the regulation of optimal antiviral responses. Our findings have implications for both antiviral immunity and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priscilla Doyon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mariana Acevedo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Étienne Durette
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc J. Servant
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Cortese M, Kumar A, Matula P, Kaderali L, Scaturro P, Erfle H, Acosta EG, Buehler S, Ruggieri A, Chatel-Chaix L, Rohr K, Bartenschlager R. Reciprocal Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling on Dengue Virus Replication and Virion Production. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2579-2592.e6. [PMID: 31141684 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a human arboviral pathogen accounting for 390 million infections every year. The available vaccine has limited efficacy, and DENV-specific drugs have not been generated. To better understand DENV-host cell interaction, we employed RNA interference-based screening of the human kinome and identified fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) to control the DENV replication cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of FGFR exerts a reciprocal effect by reducing DENV RNA replication and promoting the production of infectious virus particles. Addressing the latter effect, we found that the FGFR signaling pathway modulates intracellular distribution of DENV particles in a PI3K-dependent manner. Upon FGFR inhibition, virions accumulate in the trans-Golgi network compartment, where they undergo enhanced maturation cleavage of the envelope protein precursor membrane (prM), rendering virus particles more infectious. This study reveals an unexpected reciprocal role of a cellular receptor tyrosine kinase regulating DENV RNA replication and the production of infectious virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Petr Matula
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lars Kaderali
- ViroQuant Research Group Modeling, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pietro Scaturro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Holger Erfle
- Advanced Biological Screening Facility, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eliana Gisela Acosta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sandra Buehler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, Boulevard des Prairies Laval, Québec, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group, Heidelberg University, BioQuant, IPMB, and German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Heidelberg Partner Site, Im Neuenheimer Feld 344, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Oxidative Phosphorylation Dysfunction Modifies the Cell Secretome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093374. [PMID: 32397676 PMCID: PMC7246988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation disorders are extremely heterogeneous conditions. Their clinical and genetic variability makes the identification of reliable and specific biomarkers very challenging. Until now, only a few studies have focused on the effect of a defective oxidative phosphorylation functioning on the cell’s secretome, although it could be a promising approach for the identification and pre-selection of potential circulating biomarkers for mitochondrial diseases. Here, we review the insights obtained from secretome studies with regard to oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction, and the biomarkers that appear, so far, to be promising to identify mitochondrial diseases. We propose two new biomarkers to be taken into account in future diagnostic trials.
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Madden EC, Gorman AM, Logue SE, Samali A. Tumour Cell Secretome in Chemoresistance and Tumour Recurrence. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:489-505. [PMID: 32460003 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a major factor driving tumour relapse and the high rates of cancer-related deaths. Understanding how cancer cells overcome chemotherapy-induced cell death is critical in promoting patient survival. One emerging mechanism of chemoresistance is the tumour cell secretome (TCS), an array of protumorigenic factors released by tumour cells. Chemotherapy exposure can also alter the composition of the TCS, known as therapy-induced TCS, and can promote tumour relapse and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we outline how the TCS can protect cancer cells from chemotherapy-induced cell death. We also highlight recent evidence describing how therapy-induced TCS can impact cancer stem cell (CSC) expansion and tumour-associated immune cells to enable tumour regrowth and antitumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Madden
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Susan E Logue
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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35
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Tyrosine kinase signaling in and on the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:199-205. [PMID: 32065230 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are signaling molecules that are common to all metazoans and are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes such as proliferation and survival. While most attention has been devoted to tyrosine kinases signaling at the plasma membrane and the cytosol, very little attention has been dedicated to signaling at endomembranes. In this review, I will discuss recent evidence that we obtained on signaling of tyrosine kinases at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as well as in the lumen of this organelle. I will discuss how tyrosine kinase signaling might regulate ER proteostasis and the implication thereof to general cell physiology.
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Zhang R, Saredy J, Shao Y, Yao T, Liu L, Saaoud F, Yang WY, Sun Y, Johnson C, Drummer C, Fu H, Lu Y, Xu K, Liu M, Wang J, Cutler E, Yu D, Jiang X, Li Y, Li R, Wang L, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. End-stage renal disease is different from chronic kidney disease in upregulating ROS-modulated proinflammatory secretome in PBMCs - A novel multiple-hit model for disease progression. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101460. [PMID: 32179051 PMCID: PMC7327976 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CKD acceleration of cardiovascular and other tissue inflammations remain poorly determined. Methods We conducted a comprehensive data analyses on 7 microarray datasets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CKD and ESRD from NCBI-GEO databases, where we examined the expressions of 2641 secretome genes (SG). Results 1) 86.7% middle class (molecular weight >500 Daltons) uremic toxins (UTs) were encoded by SGs; 2) Upregulation of SGs in PBMCs in patients with ESRD (121 SGs) were significantly higher than that of CKD (44 SGs); 3) Transcriptomic analyses of PBMC secretome had advantages to identify more comprehensive secretome than conventional secretomic analyses; 4) ESRD-induced SGs had strong proinflammatory pathways; 5) Proinflammatory cytokines-based UTs such as IL-1β and IL-18 promoted ESRD modulation of SGs; 6) ESRD-upregulated co-stimulation receptors CD48 and CD58 increased secretomic upregulation in the PBMCs, which were magnified enormously in tissues; 7) M1-, and M2-macrophage polarization signals contributed to ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs; 8) ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs contained senescence-promoting regulators by upregulating proinflammatory IGFBP7 and downregulating anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 and telomere stabilizer SERPINE1/PAI-1; 9) ROS pathways played bigger roles in mediating ESRD-upregulated SGs (11.6%) than that in CKD-upregulated SGs (6.8%), and half of ESRD-upregulated SGs were ROS-independent. Conclusions Our analysis suggests novel secretomic upregulation in PBMCs of patients with CKD and ESRD, act synergistically with uremic toxins, to promote inflammation and potential disease progression. Our findings have provided novel insights on PBMC secretome upregulation to promote disease progression and may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for novel regimens for CKD, ESRD and their accelerated cardiovascular disease, other inflammations and cancers. (Total words: 279).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Jason Saredy
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | | | - Yu Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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da Silva DC, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: Tools and strategies to understand its complexity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104702. [PMID: 32068119 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises a network of tubules and vesicles that constitutes the largest organelle of the eukaryotic cell. Being the location where most proteins are synthesized and folded, it is crucial for the upkeep of cellular homeostasis. Disturbed ER homeostasis triggers the activation of a conserved molecular machinery, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), that comprises three major signaling branches, initiated by the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Given the impact of this intricate signaling network upon an extensive list of cellular processes, including protein turnover and autophagy, ER stress is involved in the onset and progression of multiple diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. There is, for this reason, an increasing number of publications focused on characterizing and/or modulating ER stress, which have resulted in a wide array of techniques employed to study ER-related molecular events. This review aims to sum up the essentials on the current knowledge of the molecular biology of endoplasmic reticulum stress, while highlighting the available tools used in studies of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia da Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal.
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Microtubules in Influenza Virus Entry and Egress. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010117. [PMID: 31963544 PMCID: PMC7020094 DOI: 10.3390/v12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that represent a significant threat to public health, despite the large-scale implementation of vaccination programs. It is necessary to understand the detailed and complex interactions between influenza virus and its host cells in order to identify successful strategies for therapeutic intervention. During viral entry, the cellular microenvironment presents invading pathogens with a series of obstacles that must be overcome to infect permissive cells. Influenza hijacks numerous host cell proteins and associated biological pathways during its journey into the cell, responding to environmental cues in order to successfully replicate. The cellular cytoskeleton and its constituent microtubules represent a heavily exploited network during viral infection. Cytoskeletal filaments provide a dynamic scaffold for subcellular viral trafficking, as well as virus-host interactions with cellular machineries that are essential for efficient uncoating, replication, and egress. In addition, influenza virus infection results in structural changes in the microtubule network, which itself has consequences for viral replication. Microtubules, their functional roles in normal cell biology, and their exploitation by influenza viruses will be the focus of this review.
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Wilkinson S. Emerging Principles of Selective ER Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:185-205. [PMID: 31100386 PMCID: PMC6971691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a fundamental organelle in cellular metabolism and signal transduction. It is subject to complex, dynamic sculpting of morphology and composition. Degradation of ER content has an important role to play here. Indeed, a major emerging player in ER turnover is ER-phagy, the degradation of ER fragments by selective autophagy, particularly macroautophagy. This article proposes a number of unifying principles of ER-phagy mechanism and compares these with other selective autophagy pathways. A perspective on the likely roles of ER-phagy in determining cell fate is provided. Emerging related forms of intracellular catabolism of the ER or contents, including ER-phagy by microautophagy and selective ER protein removal via the lysosome, are outlined for comparison. Unresolved questions regarding the mechanism of ER-phagy and its significance in cellular and organismal health are put forward. This review concludes with a perspective on how this fundamental knowledge might inform future clinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wilkinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
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40
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Olayioye MA, Noll B, Hausser A. Spatiotemporal Control of Intracellular Membrane Trafficking by Rho GTPases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121478. [PMID: 31766364 PMCID: PMC6952795 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As membrane-associated master regulators of cytoskeletal remodeling, Rho GTPases coordinate a wide range of biological processes such as cell adhesion, motility, and polarity. In the last years, Rho GTPases have also been recognized to control intracellular membrane sorting and trafficking steps directly; however, how Rho GTPase signaling is regulated at endomembranes is still poorly understood. In this review, we will specifically address the local Rho GTPase pools coordinating intracellular membrane trafficking with a focus on the endo- and exocytic pathways. We will further highlight the spatiotemporal molecular regulation of Rho signaling at endomembrane sites through Rho regulatory proteins, the GEFs and GAPs. Finally, we will discuss the contribution of dysregulated Rho signaling emanating from endomembranes to the development and progression of cancer.
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Passemard S, Perez F, Gressens P, El Ghouzzi V. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi stress in microcephaly. Cell Stress 2019; 3:369-384. [PMID: 31832602 PMCID: PMC6883743 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.12.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a small brain size associated with intellectual deficiency in most cases and is one of the most frequent clinical sign encountered in neurodevelopmental disorders. It can result from a wide range of environmental insults occurring during pregnancy or postnatally, as well as from various genetic causes and represents a highly heterogeneous condition. However, several lines of evidence highlight a compromised mode of division of the cortical precursor cells during neurogenesis, affecting neural commitment or survival as one of the common mechanisms leading to a limited production of neurons and associated with the most severe forms of congenital microcephaly. In this context, the emergence of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus as key guardians of cellular homeostasis, especially through the regulation of proteostasis, has raised the hypothesis that pathological ER and/or Golgi stress could contribute significantly to cortical impairments eliciting microcephaly. In this review, we discuss recent findings implicating ER and Golgi stress responses in early brain development and provide an overview of microcephaly-associated genes involved in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Passemard
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, F-75019 Paris, France.,Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas'Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Live cell imaging of signaling and metabolic activities. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 202:98-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Kulkarni-Gosavi P, Makhoul C, Gleeson PA. Form and function of the Golgi apparatus: scaffolds, cytoskeleton and signalling. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2289-2305. [PMID: 31378930 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the classical functions of the Golgi in membrane transport and glycosylation, the Golgi apparatus of mammalian cells is now recognised to contribute to the regulation of a range of cellular processes, including mitosis, DNA repair, stress responses, autophagy, apoptosis and inflammation. These processes are often mediated, either directly or indirectly, by membrane scaffold molecules, such as golgins and GRASPs which are located on Golgi membranes. In many cases, these scaffold molecules also link the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and influence Golgi morphology. An emerging theme is a strong relationship between the morphology of the Golgi and regulation of a variety of signalling pathways. Here, we review the molecular regulation of the morphology of the Golgi, especially the role of the golgins and other scaffolds in the interaction with the microtubule and actin networks. In addition, we discuss the impact of the modulation of the Golgi ribbon in various diseases, such as neurodegeneration and cancer, to the pathology of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Kulkarni-Gosavi
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian Makhoul
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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44
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Song P, Kwon Y, Joo JY, Kim DG, Yoon JH. Secretomics to Discover Regulators in Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163893. [PMID: 31405033 PMCID: PMC6720857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory proteins play important roles in the cross-talk of individual functional units, including cells. Since secretory proteins are essential for signal transduction, they are closely related with disease development, including metabolic and neural diseases. In metabolic diseases, adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines are secreted from respective organs under specific environmental conditions, and play roles in glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In neural diseases, astrocytes and microglia cells secrete cytokines and chemokines that play roles in neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses. Mass spectrometry-based secretome profiling is a powerful strategy to identify and characterize secretory proteins. This strategy involves stepwise processes such as the collection of conditioned medium (CM) containing secretome proteins and concentration of the CM, peptide preparation, mass analysis, database search, and filtering of secretory proteins; each step requires certain conditions to obtain reliable results. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles has become a new research focus for understanding the additional extracellular functions of intracellular proteins. Here, we provide a review of the insights obtained from secretome analyses with regard to disease mechanisms, and highlight the future prospects of this technology. Continued research in this field is expected to provide valuable information on cell-to-cell communication and uncover new pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parkyong Song
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yonghoon Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Do-Geun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea.
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45
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Pantazopoulou A, Glick BS. A Kinetic View of Membrane Traffic Pathways Can Transcend the Classical View of Golgi Compartments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:153. [PMID: 31448274 PMCID: PMC6691344 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing assumption is that the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus can be grouped into functionally distinct compartments, yet the molecular identities of those compartments have not been clearly described. The concept of a compartmentalized Golgi is challenged by the cisternal maturation model, which postulates that cisternae form de novo and then undergo progressive biochemical changes. Cisternal maturation can potentially be reconciled with Golgi compartmentation by defining compartments as discrete kinetic stages in the maturation process. These kinetic stages are distinguished by the traffic pathways that are operating. For example, a major transition occurs when a cisterna stops producing COPI vesicles and begins producing clathrin-coated vesicles. This transition separates one kinetic stage, the "early Golgi," from a subsequent kinetic stage, the "late Golgi" or "trans-Golgi network (TGN)." But multiple traffic pathways drive Golgi maturation, and the periods of operation for different traffic pathways can partially overlap, so there is no simple way to define a full set of Golgi compartments in terms of kinetic stages. Instead, we propose that the focus should be on the series of transitions experienced by a Golgi cisterna as various traffic pathways are switched on and off. These traffic pathways drive changes in resident transmembrane protein composition. Transitions in traffic pathways seem to be the fundamental, conserved determinants of Golgi organization. According to this view, the initial goal is to identify the relevant traffic pathways and place them on the kinetic map of Golgi maturation, and the ultimate goal is to elucidate the logic circuit that switches individual traffic pathways on and off as a cisterna matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Pantazopoulou
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Benjamin S Glick
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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46
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Makhoul C, Gosavi P, Gleeson PA. Golgi Dynamics: The Morphology of the Mammalian Golgi Apparatus in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:112. [PMID: 31334231 PMCID: PMC6616279 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrate cells the Golgi consists of individual stacks fused together into a compact ribbon structure. The function of the ribbon structure of the Golgi has only begun to be appreciated (De Matteis et al., 2008; Gosavi and Gleeson, 2017; Wei and Seemann, 2017). Recent advances have identified a role for the Golgi in the regulation of a broad range of cellular processes and of particular interest is that the modulation of the Golgi ribbon is associated with regulation of a number of signaling pathways (Makhoul et al., 2018). Various cell responses, such as inflammation, and various disorders and diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer, are associated with the loss of the Golgi ribbon and the appearance of a dispersed or semi-dispersed Golgi. Often the dispersed Golgi is referred to as a “fragmented” morphology. However, the description of a dispersed Golgi ribbon as “fragmented” is inadequate as it does not accurately define the morphological state of the Golgi. This issue is particularly relevant as there are an increasing number of reports describing Golgi fragmentation under physiological and pathological conditions. Knowledge of the precise Golgi architecture is relevant to an appreciation of the functional status of the Golgi apparatus and the underlying molecular mechanism for the contribution of the Golgi to different cellular processes. Here we propose a classification to define the various morphological states of the non-ribbon architecture of the Golgi in mammalian cells as a guide to more precisely define the relationship between the morphological and functional status of this organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Makhoul
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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47
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Centonze FG, Reiterer V, Nalbach K, Saito K, Pawlowski K, Behrends C, Farhan H. LTK is an ER-resident receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates secretion. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2470-2480. [PMID: 31227593 PMCID: PMC6683734 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a major regulator of cellular proteostasis. However, only little is known about signaling molecules resident to this organelle. Centonze et al. identify LTK as the first ER-resident receptor tyrosine kinase and show that it stimulates secretory trafficking out of the ER. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key regulator of cellular proteostasis because it controls folding, sorting, and degradation of secretory proteins. Much has been learned about how environmentally triggered signaling pathways regulate ER function, but only little is known about local signaling at the ER. The identification of ER-resident signaling molecules will help gain a deeper understanding of the regulation of ER function and thus of proteostasis. Here, we show that leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) is an ER-resident receptor tyrosine kinase. Depletion of LTK as well as its pharmacologic inhibition reduces the number of ER exit sites and slows ER-to-Golgi transport. Furthermore, we show that LTK interacts with and phosphorylates Sec12. Expression of a phosphoablating mutant of Sec12 reduces the efficiency of ER export. Thus, LTK-to-Sec12 signaling represents the first example of an ER-resident signaling module with the potential to regulate proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica G Centonze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronika Reiterer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karsten Nalbach
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kota Saito
- Department of Biological Informatics and Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Pawlowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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48
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Santo-Domingo J, Galindo AN, Cominetti O, De Marchi U, Cutillas P, Dayon L, Wiederkehr A. Glucose-dependent phosphorylation signaling pathways and crosstalk to mitochondrial respiration in insulin secreting cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:14. [PMID: 30786936 PMCID: PMC6381748 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose is the main secretagogue of pancreatic beta-cells. Uptake and metabolism of the nutrient stimulates the beta-cell to release the blood glucose lowering hormone insulin. This metabolic activation is associated with a pronounced increase in mitochondrial respiration. Glucose stimulation also initiates a number of signal transduction pathways for the coordinated regulation of multiple biological processes required for insulin secretion. Methods Shotgun proteomics including TiO2 enrichment of phosphorylated peptides followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry on lysates from glucose-stimulated INS-1E cells was used to identify glucose regulated phosphorylated proteins and signal transduction pathways. Kinase substrate enrichment analysis (KSEA) was applied to identify key regulated kinases and phosphatases. Glucose-induced oxygen consumption was measured using a XF96 Seahorse instrument to reveal cross talk between glucose-regulated kinases and mitochondrial activation. Results Our kinetic analysis of substrate phosphorylation reveal the molecular mechanism leading to rapid activation of insulin biogenesis, vesicle trafficking, insulin granule exocytosis and cytoskeleton remodeling. Kinase-substrate enrichment identified upstream kinases and phosphatases and time-dependent activity changes during glucose stimulation. Activity trajectories of well-known glucose-regulated kinases and phosphatases are described. In addition, we predict activity changes in a number of kinases including NUAK1, not or only poorly studied in the context of the pancreatic beta-cell. Furthermore, we pharmacologically tested whether signaling pathways predicted by kinase-substrate enrichment analysis affected glucose-dependent acceleration of mitochondrial respiration. We find that phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C contribute to short-term regulation of energy metabolism. Conclusions Our results provide a global view into the regulation of kinases and phosphatases in insulin secreting cells and suggest cross talk between glucose-induced signal transduction and mitochondrial activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0326-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Santo-Domingo
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park Bâtiment G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Antonio Núñez Galindo
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park Bâtiment G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park Bâtiment G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Umberto De Marchi
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park Bâtiment G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Analytical Signalling Group, Centre for Cell Signalling, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Loïc Dayon
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park Bâtiment G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wiederkehr
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park Bâtiment G, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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49
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Makhoul C, Gosavi P, Duffield R, Delbridge B, Williamson NA, Gleeson PA. Intersectin-1 interacts with the golgin GCC88 to couple the actin network and Golgi architecture. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:370-386. [PMID: 30540523 PMCID: PMC6589577 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the Golgi ribbon relies on a dynamic balance between the actin and microtubule networks; however, the pathways controlling actin networks remain poorly defined. Previously, we showed that the trans-Golgi network (TGN) membrane tether/golgin, GCC88, modulates the Golgi ribbon architecture. Here, we show that dispersal of the Golgi ribbon by GCC88 is dependent on actin and the involvement of nonmuscle myosin IIA. We have identified the long isoform of intersectin-1 (ITSN-1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Cdc42, as a novel Golgi component and an interaction partner of GCC88 responsible for mediating the actin-dependent dispersal of the Golgi ribbon. We show that perturbation of Golgi morphology by changes in membrane flux, mediated by silencing the retromer subunit Vps26, or in a model of neurodegeneration, induced by Tau overexpression, are also dependent on the ITSN-1-GCC88 interaction. Overall, our study reveals a role for a TGN golgin and ITSN-1 in linking to the actin cytoskeleton and regulating the balance between a compact Golgi ribbon and a dispersed Golgi, a pathway with relevance to pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Makhoul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Prajakta Gosavi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Regina Duffield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bronwen Delbridge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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50
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Chauhan AS, Kumar M, Chaudhary S, Dhiman A, Patidar A, Jakhar P, Jaswal P, Sharma K, Sheokand N, Malhotra H, Raje CI, Raje M. Trafficking of a multifunctional protein by endosomal microautophagy: linking two independent unconventional secretory pathways. FASEB J 2019; 33:5626-5640. [PMID: 30640524 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802102r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During physiologic stresses, like micronutrient starvation, infection, and cancer, the cytosolic moonlighting protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is trafficked to the plasma membrane (PM) and extracellular milieu (ECM). Our work demonstrates that GAPDH mobilized to the PM, and the ECM does not utilize the classic endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi route of secretion; instead, it is first selectively translocated into early and late endosomes from the cytosol via microautophagy. GAPDH recruited to this common entry point is subsequently delivered into multivesicular bodies, leading to its membrane trafficking through secretion via exosomes and secretory lysosomes. We present evidence that both pathways of GAPDH membrane trafficking are up-regulated upon iron starvation, potentially by mobilization of intracellular calcium. These pathways also play a role in clearance of misfolded intracellular polypeptide aggregates. Our findings suggest that cells build in redundancy for vital cellular pathways to maintain micronutrient homeostasis and prevent buildup of toxic intracellular misfolded protein refuse.-Chauhan, A. S., Kumar, M., Chaudhary, S., Dhiman, A., Patidar, A., Jakhar, P., Jaswal, P., Sharma, K., Sheokand, N., Malhotra, H., Raje, C. I., Raje. M. Trafficking of a multifunctional protein by endosomal microautophagy: linking two independent unconventional secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Singh Chauhan
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Surbhi Chaudhary
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Patidar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Jakhar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Jaswal
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Navdeep Sheokand
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | - Himanshu Malhotra
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Chandigarh, India
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