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Tseng CC, Wang SC, Yang YC, Fu HC, Chou CK, Kang HY, Hung YY. Aberrant Histone Modification of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 in Major Depressive Disorder. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03374-z. [PMID: 37148522 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Activated toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling has been well investigated in major depressive disorder (MDD). We previously reported that TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 play important roles in regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway and may serve as novel targets in the pathogenesis of MDD. Recently, aberrant histone modification has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and mood disorder; the most thoroughly studied modification is histone 3 lysine 4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3). In this work, we aimed to explore H3K4me3 differences in the promotors of genes encoding the abovementioned factors in patients with MDD, and whether they were altered after antidepressant treatment. A total of 30 MDD patients and 28 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected. The levels of H3K4me3 in the promoters of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 were measured through chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by DNA methylation assay. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate between-group differences after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and smoking. In comparison with healthy controls, patients with MDD showed significantly lower H3K4me3 levels in the promoters of TNFAIP3, TLR4, TNIP2, miR-146a, and miR-155 in PBMCs. These levels were not significantly altered after completion of a 4-week antidepressant treatment. To explore the association between depression severity and H3K4me3 levels, a multiple linear regression model was generated. The results revealed that levels of H3K4me3 in the TNIP2 promoters a negative correlation with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAND-17) score, whereas that of TLR4 had a positive correlation with this score. The present results suggest that decreased H3K4me3 levels in the promoters of the genes encoding TNFAIP3, TLR4, miR-146a, miR-155, and TNIP2 are involved in psychopathology of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chiao Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 33004, Taiwan
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Nurse-Midwifery and Women Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Kai Chou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 833, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yung Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Feng Shan Hospital - Under the management of Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Shin CY, Jeong KW. Photooxidation of A2E by Blue Light Regulates Heme Oxygenase 1 Expression via NF-κB and Lysine Methyltransferase 2A in ARPE-19 Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1698. [PMID: 36362853 PMCID: PMC9699413 DOI: 10.3390/life12111698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E) is a component of drusen that accumulates in retinal cells and induces oxidative stress through photooxidation, such as blue light (BL). We found that the heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) gene responds sensitively to photooxidation by the BL of A2E in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and we sought to identify the transcription factors and coactivators involved in the upregulation of HMOX1 by A2E and BL. Methods: A2E-laden human RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to BL (430 nm). RNA sequencing was performed to identify genes responsive to BL exposure. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and RT-qPCR were performed to determine the regulation of HMOX1 transcription. Clinical transcriptome data were used to evaluate HMOX1 expression in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Results: In ARPE-19 cells, the expression of HMOX1, one of the NF-κB target genes, was significantly increased by A2E and BL. The binding of RELA and RNA polymerase II to the promoter region of HMOX1 was significantly increased by A2E and BL. Lysine methyltransferase 2A (MLL1) plays an important role in H3K4me3 methylation, NF-κB recruitment, chromatin remodeling at the HMOX1 promoter, and, subsequently, HMOX1 expression. The retinal tissues of patients with late-stage AMD showed significantly increased expression of HMOX1 compared to normal retinal tissues. In addition, the expression levels of MLL1 and HMOX1 in retinal tissues were correlated. Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that BL induces HMOX1 expression by activating NF-κB and MLL1 in RPE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kwang Won Jeong
- Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Chakraborty R, Borah P, Dutta PP, Sen S. Evolving spectrum of diabetic wound: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic targets. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:696-716. [PMID: 36188143 PMCID: PMC9521443 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i9.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder resulting in an increased blood glucose level and prolonged hyperglycemia, causes long term health conse-quences. Chronic wound is frequently occurring in diabetes patients due to compromised wound healing capability. Management of wounds in diabetic patients remains a clinical challenge despite many advancements in the field of science and technology. Increasing evidence indicates that alteration of the biochemical milieu resulting from alteration in inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase, decrease in fibroblast and keratinocyte functioning, neuropathy, altered leukocyte functioning, infection, etc., plays a significant role in impaired wound healing in diabetic people. Apart from the current pharmacotherapy, different other approaches like the use of conventional drugs, antidiabetic medication, antibiotics, debridement, offloading, platelet-rich plasma, growth factor, oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, low-level laser, extracorporeal shock wave bioengineered substitute can be considered in the management of diabetic wounds. Drugs/therapeutic strategy that induce angiogenesis and collagen synthesis, inhibition of MMPs, reduction of oxidative stress, controlling hyperglycemia, increase growth factors, regulate inflammatory cytokines, cause NO induction, induce fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, control microbial infections are considered important in controlling diabetic wound. Further, medicinal plants and/or phytoconstituents also offer a viable alternative in the treatment of diabetic wound. The focus of the present review is to highlight the molecular and cellular mechanisms, and discuss the drug targets and treatment strategies involved in the diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Institute of Pharmacy, Assam Don Bosco University, Kamrup 782402, Assam, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Partha Pratim Dutta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
| | - Saikat Sen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Guwahati 781026, Assam, India
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Macrophage Phenotypes in Normal and Diabetic Wound Healing and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152430. [PMID: 35954275 PMCID: PMC9367932 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage differentiation and polarization are essential players in the success of the wound-healing process. Acute simple wounds progress from inflammation to proliferation/regeneration and, finally, to remodeling. In injured skin, macrophages either reside in the epithelium or are recruited from monocytes. Their main role is supported by their plasticity, which allows them to adopt different phenotypic states, such as the M1-inflammatory state, in which they produce TNF and NO, and the M2-reparative state, in which they resolve inflammation and exhibit a reparative function. Reparative macrophages are an essential source of growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF and are not found in nonhealing wounds. This review discusses the differences between macrophage phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, how macrophages originate, and how they cross-communicate with other cellular components in a wound. This review also highlights the dysregulation of macrophages that occurs in nonhealing versus overhealing wounds and fibrosis. Then, the therapeutic manipulation of macrophages is presented as an attractive strategy for promoting healing through the secretion of growth factors for angiogenesis, keratinocyte migration, and collagen production. Finally, Hoxa3 overexpression is discussed as an example of the therapeutic repolarization of macrophages to the normal maturation state and phenotype with better healing outcomes.
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Lu X, Sun J, Liu T, Zhang H, Shan Z, Teng W. Changes in histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:153-163. [PMID: 35154536 PMCID: PMC8826973 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The precise pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is yet to be fully elucidated. The role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of HT has scarcely been addressed. Tri-methylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is generally regarded as a marker of gene activation. The aim of this study was to explore genome-wide H3K4me3 patterns and global protein levels in primary thyrocytes and thyroids from HT patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to analyze genome-wide H3K4me3 patterns in primary cultured thyrocytes from three HT females and three age-matched female control subjects. Western blotting was used to analyze global H3K4me3 levels in thyrocytes and thyroid tissues. Gene expression was determined using RT-PCR. Mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) protein levels were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Nine genes - TG, CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, FASLG, ICAM1, ITGA4, IL18 and TRAIL - showed increased H3K4me3 enrichment in promoter regions around the transcriptional start sites, and gene expression of ICAM1, CCL2 and CXCL8 was consistently increased (p < 0.05). KEGG pathway analysis suggested that differential peak-related genes were markedly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This first investigation of genome-wide H3K4me3 distribution in thyroid follicular cells suggested that genes associated with autoimmune thyroiditis showed differential H3K4me3 enrichment, which was partly related to gene expression. Global H3K4me3 changes and increased MLL1 expression were found in thyroid tissues from HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixuan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Zhang R, Cheung CY, Seo SU, Liu H, Pardeshi L, Wong KH, Chow LMC, Chau MP, Wang Y, Lee AR, Kwon WY, Chen S, Chan BKW, Wong K, Choy RKW, Ko BCB. RUVBL1/2 Complex Regulates Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Macrophages via Regulating Histone H3K4 Trimethylation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679184. [PMID: 34276666 PMCID: PMC8282052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in the host defense mechanism. In response to infection, macrophages activate a genetic program of pro-inflammatory response to kill any invading pathogen, and initiate an adaptive immune response. We have identified RUVBL2 - an ATP-binding protein belonging to the AAA+ (ATPase associated with diverse cellular activities) superfamily of ATPases - as a novel regulator in pro-inflammatory response of macrophages. Gene knockdown of Ruvbl2, or pharmacological inhibition of RUVBL1/2 activity, compromises type-2 nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) gene expression, nitric oxide production and anti-bacterial activity of mouse macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). RUVBL1/2 inhibitor similarly inhibits pro-inflammatory response in human monocytes, suggesting functional conservation of RUVBL1/2 in humans. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that major LPS-induced pro-inflammatory pathways in macrophages are regulated in a RUVBL1/2-dependent manner. Furthermore, RUVBL1/2 inhibition significantly reduced the level of histone H3K4me3 at the promoter region of Nos2 and Il6, two prototypical pro-inflammatory genes, and diminished the recruitment of NF-kappaB to the corresponding enhancers. Our study reveals RUVBL1/2 as an integral component of macrophage pro-inflammatory responses through epigenetic regulations, and the therapeutic potentials of RUVBL1/2 inhibitors in the treatment of diseases caused by aberrant activation of pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Y Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hang Liu
- The University Research Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lakhansing Pardeshi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau.,Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Larry M C Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary P Chau
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ah Ra Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woon Yong Kwon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, The City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bill Kwan-Wai Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard K W Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben C B Ko
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Dextromethorphan Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Epigenetic Histone Regulation in the Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Expression in Primary Rat Microglia. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9694012. [PMID: 33376453 PMCID: PMC7738791 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9694012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of microglial cells plays an important role in the cascade of events leading to inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. Precision therapeutics require that adjunctively feasible drugs be found to prevent microglial cell activation and prevent inflammation-mediated neuronal injury. Dextromethorphan (DM) has been reported to possess neuroprotective effects in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated animals; however, it remains unclear whether epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in microglial cells are involved in such DM-mediated neuroprotective effects. In this study, DM simultaneously suppressed LPS-induced activation of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α expression and subsequent caspase-3 signaling in primary microglial cells associated with notable morphological changes. Furthermore, therapeutic action sites of DM involved differential enhanced trimethylation of H3K4 modifications in the promoter region of tnf-α gene locus in primary microglial cells. In summary, DM may exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects through differential epigenetic histone modifications of TNF-α expression in microglial cells and might therefore raise the possibility of providing an adjunctively beneficial role for a tentative therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases resulting from inflammation.
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Förster B, Demangel C, Thye T. Mycolactone induces cell death by SETD1B-dependent degradation of glutathione. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008709. [PMID: 33006969 PMCID: PMC7556509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium ulcerans is a human pathogen that causes a necrotizing skin disease known as Buruli ulcer. Necrosis of infected skin is driven by bacterial production of mycolactone, a diffusible exotoxin targeting the host translocon (Sec61). By blocking Sec61, mycolactone prevents the transport of nascent secretory proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum of host cells. This triggers pro-apoptotic stress responses partially depending on activation of the ATF4 transcription factor. To gain further insight into the molecular pathways mediating the cytotoxic effects of mycolactone we conducted the first haploid genetic screen with the M. ulcerans toxin in KBM-7 cells. This approach allowed us to identify the histone methyltransferase SETD1B as a novel mediator of mycolactone-induced cell death. CRISPR/Cas9-based inactivation of SETD1B rendered cells resistant to lethal doses of the toxin, highlighting the critical importance of this gene’s expression. To understand how SETD1B contributes to mycolactone cytotoxicity, we compared the transcriptomes of wild-type (WT) and SETD1B knockout KBM-7 cells upon exposure to the toxin. While ATF4 effectors were upregulated by mycolactone in both WT and SETD1B knockout cells, mycolactone selectively induced the expression of pro-apoptotic genes in WT cells. Among those genes we identified CHAC1, which codes for a major glutathione (GSH)-degrading enzyme, and whose strong upregulation in mycolactone-treated WT cells correlated with a marked reduction in GSH protein level. Moreover, GSH supplementation conferred cells with substantial protection against the toxic effects of mycolactone. Our data thus identify SETD1B/CHAC1/GSH as a novel, epigenetic mechanism connecting Sec61 blockade with apoptotic cell death. They suggest that GSH-based treatments might have the capacity to limit skin necrosis in Buruli ulcer. The human pathogen Mycobacterium ulcerans causes a necrotizing skin disease known as Buruli ulcer. The major toxin of the mycobacteria, mycolactone, prevents the transport of secretory proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum, and thereby triggers a deadly stress response. We conducted the first haploid genetic screen to identify host factors with impact on mycolactone toxicity. This enabled us to identify the histone methyltransferase SETD1B as a novel mediator of mycolactone-induced cell death. RNA analyses of wild-type cells and resistant SETD1B knockout cells treated with mycolactone then showed a selective induction of genes implicated in programmed cell-death only in wild-type cells. This was accompanied by a marked reduction of the antioxidant glutathione, which might cause the mycolactone induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Förster
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Dept. Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1221, Paris, France
| | - Thorsten Thye
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Dept. Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Trained immunity as a molecular mechanism for BCG immunotherapy in bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:513-525. [PMID: 32678343 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intravesical BCG instillation is the gold-standard adjuvant immunotherapy for patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, the precise mechanism of action by which BCG asserts its beneficial effects is still unclear. BCG has been shown to induce a non-specific enhancement of the biological function in cells of the innate immune system, creating a de facto heterologous immunological memory that has been termed trained immunity. Trained immunity or innate immune memory enables innate immune cells to mount a more robust response to secondary non-related stimuli after being initially primed (or trained) by a challenge such as BCG. BCG-induced trained immunity is characterized by the metabolic rewiring of monocyte intracellular metabolism and epigenetic modifications, which subsequently lead to functional reprogramming effects, such as an increased production of cytokines, on restimulation. Results from BCG vaccination studies in humans show that trained immunity might at least partly account for the heterologous beneficial effects of BCG vaccination. Additionally, immunity might have a role in the effect of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Based on these indications, we propose that trained immunity could be one of the important mechanisms mediating BCG immunotherapy and could provide a basis for further improvements towards a personalized approach to BCG therapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
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Davis FM, denDekker A, Kimball A, Joshi AD, El Azzouny M, Wolf SJ, Obi AT, Lipinski J, Gudjonsson JE, Xing X, Plazyo O, Audu C, Melvin WJ, Singer K, Henke PK, Moore BB, Burant C, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Epigenetic Regulation of TLR4 in Diabetic Macrophages Modulates Immunometabolism and Wound Repair. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2503-2513. [PMID: 32205424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory phase of wound healing. In diabetes, macrophages display a prolonged inflammatory phenotype preventing tissue repair. TLRs, particularly TLR4, have been shown to regulate myeloid-mediated inflammation in wounds. We examined macrophages isolated from wounds of patients afflicted with diabetes and healthy controls as well as a murine diabetic model demonstrating dynamic expression of TLR4 results in altered metabolic pathways in diabetic macrophages. Further, using a myeloid-specific mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) knockout (Mll1f/fLyz2Cre+ ), we determined that MLL1 drives Tlr4 expression in diabetic macrophages by regulating levels of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation on the Tlr4 promoter. Mechanistically, MLL1-mediated epigenetic alterations influence diabetic macrophage responsiveness to TLR4 stimulation and inhibit tissue repair. Pharmacological inhibition of the TLR4 pathway using a small molecule inhibitor (TAK-242) as well as genetic depletion of either Tlr4 (Tlr4-/- ) or myeloid-specific Tlr4 (Tlr4f/fLyz2Cre+) resulted in improved diabetic wound healing. These results define an important role for MLL1-mediated epigenetic regulation of TLR4 in pathologic diabetic wound repair and suggest a target for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Davis
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Aaron denDekker
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew Kimball
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Amrita D Joshi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Sonya J Wolf
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrea T Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jay Lipinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Christopher Audu
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William J Melvin
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter K Henke
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and.,Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Katherine A Gallagher
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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11
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Lindner P, Paul S, Eckstein M, Hampel C, Muenzner JK, Erlenbach-Wuensch K, Ahmed HP, Mahadevan V, Brabletz T, Hartmann A, Vera J, Schneider-Stock R. EMT transcription factor ZEB1 alters the epigenetic landscape of colorectal cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:147. [PMID: 32094334 PMCID: PMC7040187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation remarkably triggers mechanisms associated with tumor aggressiveness like epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Since EMT is a highly complex, but also reversible event, epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation or chromatin alterations must be involved in its regulation. It was recently described that loss of the cell cycle regulator p21 was associated with a gain in EMT characteristics and an upregulation of the master EMT transcription factor ZEB1. In this study, in silico analysis was performed in combination with different in vitro and in vivo techniques to identify and verify novel epigenetic targets of ZEB1, and to proof the direct transcriptional regulation of SETD1B by ZEB1. The chorioallantoic-membrane assay served as an in vivo model to analyze the ZEB1/SETD1B interaction. Bioinformatical analysis of CRC patient data was used to examine the ZEB1/SETD1B network under clinical conditions and the ZEB1/SETD1B network was modeled under physiological and pathological conditions. Thus, we identified a self-reinforcing loop for ZEB1 expression and found that the SETD1B associated active chromatin mark H3K4me3 was enriched at the ZEB1 promoter in EMT cells. Moreover, clinical evaluation of CRC patient data showed that the simultaneous high expression of ZEB1 and SETD1B was correlated with the worst prognosis. Here we report that the expression of chromatin modifiers is remarkably dysregulated in EMT cells. SETD1B was identified as a new ZEB1 target in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates a novel example of an activator role of ZEB1 for the epigenetic landscape in colorectal tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lindner
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Experimental Tumorpathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Sushmita Paul
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Chuanpit Hampel
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Experimental Tumorpathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Experimental Tumorpathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Katharina Erlenbach-Wuensch
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Husayn P Ahmed
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Thomas Brabletz
- Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Comprehensice Cancer Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Regine Schneider-Stock
- Institute of Pathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. .,Experimental Tumorpathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany.
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12
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He X, Li T, Luo L, Zeng H, Chen Y, Cai S. PRMT6 mediates inflammation via activation of the NF-κB/p65 pathway on a cigarette smoke extract-induced murine emphysema model. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:8. [PMID: 32047419 PMCID: PMC7008391 DOI: 10.18332/tid/116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoke-driven lung inflammation is considered to be the major pathophysiology mechanism of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)/emphysema. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a key epigenetic enzyme, which is related to protecting the tri-methylation of H3K4 (H3K4me3). We hypothesized that PTMT6 protects lung inflammation through the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. METHODS Mice were injected with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or PBS to establish a mice model, intratracheally instilled with overexpressed PRMT6 or negative control vector. Morphometry of lung slides and lung function were measured. We determined the protein expression of PRMT6 and its related histone targets, the activation of NF-κB pathway, the level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). RESULTS After PRMT6 overexpression, the morphometry indexes and lung function were improved. Also, the expression of H3K4me3 was decreased. Overexpressed PRMT6 could suppress CSE-induced NF-κB activation and pro-inflammation genes expression. CONCLUSIONS The overexpressed PRMT6 could serve as an inflammation inhibitor, potentially through blocking the NF-κB/p65 pathway in the murine emphysema model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Davis FM, Schaller MA, denDekker A, Joshi AD, Kimball AS, Evanoff H, Wilke C, Obi AT, Melvin WJ, Cavassani K, Scola M, Carson B, Moser S, Blanc V, Engoren M, Moore BB, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Sepsis Induces Prolonged Epigenetic Modifications in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Macrophages Impairing Inflammation and Wound Healing. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2353-2366. [PMID: 31644352 PMCID: PMC6818743 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sepsis represents an acute life-threatening disorder resulting from a dysregulated host response. For patients who survive sepsis, there remains long-term consequences, including impaired inflammation, as a result of profound immunosuppression. The mechanisms involved in this long-lasting deficient immune response are poorly defined. Approach and Results: Sepsis was induced using the murine model of cecal ligation and puncture. Following a full recovery period from sepsis physiology, mice were subjected to our wound healing model and wound macrophages (CD11b+, CD3-, CD19-, Ly6G-) were sorted. Post-sepsis mice demonstrated impaired wound healing and decreased reepithelization in comparison to controls. Further, post-sepsis bone marrow-derived macrophages and wound macrophages exhibited decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines vital for wound repair (IL [interleukin]-1β, IL-12, and IL-23). To evaluate if decreased inflammatory gene expression was secondary to epigenetic modification, we conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation on post-sepsis bone marrow-derived macrophages and wound macrophages. This demonstrated decreased expression of Mll1, an epigenetic enzyme, and impaired histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (activation mark) at NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)-binding sites on inflammatory gene promoters in bone marrow-derived macrophages and wound macrophages from postcecal ligation and puncture mice. Bone marrow transplantation studies demonstrated epigenetic modifications initiate in bone marrow progenitor/stem cells following sepsis resulting in lasting impairment in peripheral macrophage function. Importantly, human peripheral blood leukocytes from post-septic patients demonstrate a significant reduction in MLL1 compared with nonseptic controls. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that severe sepsis induces stable mixed-lineage leukemia 1-mediated epigenetic modifications in the bone marrow, which are passed to peripheral macrophages resulting in impaired macrophage function and deficient wound healing persisting long after sepsis recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Davis
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Matthew A. Schaller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Aaron denDekker
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Amrita D. Joshi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew S. Kimball
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Holly Evanoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Carol Wilke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrea T. Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - William J Melvin
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Karen Cavassani
- Urological Oncology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melissa Scola
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Beau Carson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stephanie Moser
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Victoria Blanc
- Biorepository Office of Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Milo Engoren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Katherine A. Gallagher
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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14
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Francis M, Pandya M, Gopinathan G, Lyu H, Ma W, Foyle D, Nares S, Luan X. Histone Methylation Mechanisms Modulate the Inflammatory Response of Periodontal Ligament Progenitors. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1015-1025. [PMID: 31218921 PMCID: PMC6661920 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions affect periodontal ligament (PDL) homeostasis and diminish its regenerative capacity. The complexity of biological activities during an inflammatory response depends on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. To characterize the epigenetic changes in response to periodontal pathogens we have focused on histone lysine methylation as a relatively stable chromatin modification involved in the epigenetic activation and repression of transcription and a prime candidate mechanism responsible for the exacerbated and prolonged response of periodontal cells and tissues to dental plaque biofilm. To determine the effect of inflammatory conditions on histone methylation profiles, related gene expression and cellular functions of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) progenitor cells, a hPDL cell culture system was subjected to bacterial cell wall toxin exposure [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip analysis revealed that healthy PDL cells featured high enrichment levels for the active H3K4me3 mark at COL1A1, COL3, and RUNX2 gene promoters, whereas there were high occupancy levels for the repressive H3K27me3 marks at DEFA4, CCL5, and IL-1β gene promoters. In response to LPS, H3K27me3 enrichment increased on extracellular matrix and osteogenesis lineage gene promoters, whereas H3K4me3 enrichment increased on the promoters of inflammatory response genes, suggestive of an involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal lineage differentiation and in the coordination of the periodontal inflammatory response. On a gene expression level, LPS treatment downregulated COL1A1, COL3A1, and RUNX2 expression and upregulated CCL5, DEFA4, and IL-1β gene expression. LPS also greatly affected PDL progenitor function, including a reduction in proliferation and differentiation potential and an increase in cell migration capacity. Confirming the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal inflammatory conditions, our studies highlight the significant role of histone methylation mechanisms and modification enzymes in the inflammatory response to LPS bacterial cell wall toxins and periodontal stem cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marybeth Francis
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Oral Biology, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mirali Pandya
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gokul Gopinathan
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Huling Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Deborah Foyle
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Salvadore Nares
- Department of Periodontics, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xianghong Luan
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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15
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Rodriguez RM, Suarez-Alvarez B, Lopez-Larrea C. Therapeutic Epigenetic Reprogramming of Trained Immunity in Myeloid Cells. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:66-80. [PMID: 30595189 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Infiltrating and tissue-resident myeloid cells are essential regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. During inflammation, and in response to microbial products, these cells can adapt to microenvironmental conditions and acquire specialized functions, including phagocytosis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Such myeloid plasticity is driven, in part, by epigenetic dynamics that can sustain stable phenotypes after activation, and which may lead to maladaptive cell polarization states associated with inflammation and autoimmunity. Here, we review recent reports describing epigenetic mechanisms linked to such polarization states and innate immune memory (tolerance and training) in monocyte and macrophage lineages. We discuss how these mechanisms might be targeted to develop putative immunomodulatory tools that might be used to treat a variety of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Rodriguez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Suarez-Alvarez
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - C Lopez-Larrea
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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16
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Xu W, Zhao Q, Wu M, Fang M, Xu Y. MKL1 mediates TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory transcription by bridging the crosstalk between BRG1 and WDR5. J Biomed Res 2019; 33:164-172. [PMID: 29109331 PMCID: PMC6551423 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a cytokine that can potently stimulate the synthesis of a range of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages. The underlying epigenetic mechanism, however, is underexplored. Here we report that the transcriptional modulator megakaryocytic leukemia 1 (MKL1) is associated with a histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity. Re-ChIP assay suggests that MKL1 interacts with and recruits WDR5, a component of the COMPASS complex responsible for H3K4 methylation, to the promoter regions of pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages treated with TNF-α. WDR5 enhances the ability of MKL1 to stimulate the promoter activities of pro-inflammatory genes. In contrast, silencing of WDR5 attenuates TNF-α induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators and erases the H3K4 methylation from the gene promoters. Of interest, the chromatin remodeling protein BRG1 also plays an essential role in maintaining H3K4 methylation on MKL1 target promoters by interacting with WDR5. MKL1 knockdown disrupts the interaction between BRG1 and WDR5. Together, our data illustrate a role for MKL1 in moderating the crosstalk between BRG1 and WDR5 to activate TNF-α induced pro-inflammatory transcription in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xu
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Department of Medicine, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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17
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den Dekker A, Davis FM, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic wound healing. Transl Res 2019; 204:39-50. [PMID: 30392877 PMCID: PMC6331222 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major secondary complication of type 2 diabetes that often results in limb loss and disability. Normal tissue repair progresses through discrete phases including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In diabetes, normal progression through these phases is impaired resulting in a sustained inflammatory state and dysfunctional epithelialization in the wound. Due to their plasticity, macrophages play a critical role in the transition from the inflammation phase to the proliferation phase. Diabetes disrupts macrophage function by impairing monocyte recruitment to the wound, reducing phagocytosis, and prohibiting the transition of inflammatory macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state. Diabetes also impedes keratinocyte and fibroblast function during the later phases resulting in impaired epithelialization of the wound. Several recent studies suggest that altered epigenetic regulation of both immune and structural cells in wounds may influence cell phenotypes and healing, particularly in pathologic states, such as diabetes. Specifically, it has been shown that macrophage plasticity during wound repair is partly regulated epigenetically and that diabetes alters this epigenetic regulation and contributes to a sustained inflammatory state. Epigenetic regulation is also known to regulate keratinocyte and fibroblast function during wound repair. In this review, we provide an introduction to the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate tissue repair and highlight recent findings that demonstrate, how epigenetic events are altered during the course of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron den Dekker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michgan
| | - Frank M Davis
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michgan
| | - Steve L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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18
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Davis FM, Kimball A, denDekker A, Joshi AD, Boniakowski AE, Nysz D, Allen RM, Obi A, Singer K, Henke PK, Moore BB, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Histone Methylation Directs Myeloid TLR4 Expression and Regulates Wound Healing following Cutaneous Tissue Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1777-1785. [PMID: 30710046 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are critical for orchestrating regulated inflammation during wound healing. TLRs, particularly TLR4, and its downstream-signaling MyD88 pathway play an important role in regulating myeloid-mediated inflammation. Because an initial inflammatory phase is vital for tissue repair, we investigated the role of TLR4-regulated, myeloid-mediated inflammation in wound healing. In a cutaneous tissue injury murine model, we found that TLR4 expression is dynamic in wound myeloid cells during the course of normal wound healing. We identified that changes in myeloid TLR4 during tissue repair correlated with increased expression of the histone methyltransferase, mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1), which specifically trimethylates the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) position of the TLR4 promoter. Furthermore, we used a myeloid-specific Mll1 knockout (Mll1f/fLyz2Cre+ ) to determine MLL1 drives Tlr4 expression during wound healing. To understand the critical role of myeloid-specific TLR4 signaling, we used mice deficient in Tlr4 (Tlr4-/- ), Myd88 (Myd88 -/-), and myeloid-specific Tlr4 (Tlr4f/fLyz2Cre+) to demonstrate delayed wound healing at early time points postinjury. Furthermore, in vivo wound myeloid cells isolated from Tlr4-/- and Myd88 -/- wounds demonstrated decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Importantly, adoptive transfer of monocyte/macrophages from wild-type mice trafficked to wounds with restoration of normal healing and myeloid cell function in Tlr4-deficient mice. These results define a role for myeloid-specific, MyD88-dependent TLR4 signaling in the inflammatory response following cutaneous tissue injury and suggest that MLL1 regulates TLR4 expression in wound myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Davis
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew Kimball
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Aaron denDekker
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Amrita D Joshi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Anna E Boniakowski
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Dylan Nysz
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ronald M Allen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrea Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Peter K Henke
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Katherine A Gallagher
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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19
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Fanucchi S, Fok ET, Dalla E, Shibayama Y, Börner K, Chang EY, Stoychev S, Imakaev M, Grimm D, Wang KC, Li G, Sung WK, Mhlanga MM. Immune genes are primed for robust transcription by proximal long noncoding RNAs located in nuclear compartments. Nat Genet 2018; 51:138-150. [PMID: 30531872 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) on immune-related gene promoters underlies robust transcription during trained immunity. However, the molecular basis for this remains unknown. Here we show three-dimensional chromatin topology enables immune genes to engage in chromosomal contacts with a subset of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) we have defined as immune gene-priming lncRNAs (IPLs). We show that the prototypical IPL, UMLILO, acts in cis to direct the WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5)-mixed lineage leukemia protein 1 (MLL1) complex across the chemokine promoters, facilitating their H3K4me3 epigenetic priming. This mechanism is shared amongst several trained immune genes. Training mediated by β-glucan epigenetically reprograms immune genes by upregulating IPLs in manner dependent on nuclear factor of activated T cells. The murine chemokine topologically associating domain lacks an IPL, and the Cxcl genes are not trained. Strikingly, the insertion of UMLILO into the chemokine topologically associating domain in mouse macrophages resulted in training of Cxcl genes. This provides strong evidence that lncRNA-mediated regulation is central to the establishment of trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fanucchi
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,BTRI, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ezio T Fok
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,BTRI, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Youtaro Shibayama
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kathleen Börner
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erin Y Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stoyan Stoychev
- Biomedical Technologies Group, CSIR Biosciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maxim Imakaev
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Partner Site, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence CellNetworks, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin C Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wing-Kin Sung
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Musa M Mhlanga
- Gene Expression and Biophysics Group, Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Gene Expression and Biophysics Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Alleviates Bacterial-Induced Neuronal Apoptotic Damage in the Neonatal Rat Brain through Epigenetic Histone Modification. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9797146. [PMID: 29484107 PMCID: PMC5816840 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9797146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis during the perinatal period may cause long-term neurological deficits. The study investigated whether bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from E. coli. led to neuronal apoptosis with an impaired performance of long-term cognitive function involving the activation of histone modification in the TNF-α gene promoter. Further, we looked into the therapeutic efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a neonatal brain suffering from perinatal bacterial meningitis. We applied the following research techniques: neurobehavioral tasks, confocal laser microscopy, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting. At postnatal day 10, the animals were subjected to LPS and/or G-CSF. The target brain tissues were then collected at P17. Some animals (P45) were studied using neurobehavioral tasks. The LPS-injected group revealed significantly increased expression of NF-κB phosphorylation and trimethylated H3K4 in the TNFA gene promoter locus. Furthermore, the caspase-3, neuronal apoptosis expression, and an impaired performance in cognitive functions were also found in our study. Such deleterious outcomes described above were markedly alleviated by G-CSF therapy. This study suggests that selective therapeutic action sites of G-CSF through epigenetic regulation in the TNFA gene promoter locus may exert a potentially beneficial role for the neonatal brain suffering from perinatal bacterial-induced meningitis.
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21
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Wang Z, Long QY, Chen L, Fan JD, Wang ZN, Li LY, Wu M, Chen X. Inhibition of H3K4 demethylation induces autophagy in cancer cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2428-2437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Kimball AS, Joshi A, Carson WF, Boniakowski AE, Schaller M, Allen R, Bermick J, Davis FM, Henke PK, Burant CF, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. The Histone Methyltransferase MLL1 Directs Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation in Wound Healing and Is Altered in a Murine Model of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:2459-2471. [PMID: 28663191 PMCID: PMC5566299 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory phase of wound repair. In diabetes, macrophages display a prolonged inflammatory phenotype in late wound healing. Mixed-lineage leukemia-1 (MLL1) has been shown to direct gene expression by regulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory gene transcription. Thus, we hypothesized that MLL1 influences macrophage-mediated inflammation in wound repair. We used a myeloid-specific Mll1 knockout (Mll1f/fLyz2Cre+ ) to determine the function of MLL1 in wound healing. Mll1f/fLyz2Cre+ mice display delayed wound healing and decreased wound macrophage inflammatory cytokine production compared with control animals. Furthermore, wound macrophages from Mll1f/fLyz2Cre+ mice demonstrated decreased histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) (activation mark) at NF-κB binding sites on inflammatory gene promoters. Of note, early wound macrophages from prediabetic mice displayed similarly decreased MLL1, H3K4me3 at inflammatory gene promoters, and inflammatory cytokines compared with controls. Late wound macrophages from prediabetic mice demonstrated an increase in MLL1, H3K4me3 at inflammatory gene promoters, and inflammatory cytokines. Prediabetic macrophages treated with an MLL1 inhibitor demonstrated reduced inflammation. Finally, monocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes had increased Mll1 compared with control subjects without diabetes. These results define an important role for MLL1 in regulating macrophage-mediated inflammation in wound repair and identify a potential target for the treatment of chronic inflammation in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amrita Joshi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | - Ronald Allen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Frank M Davis
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Peter K Henke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Steve L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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23
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PHF20 positively regulates osteoblast differentiation via increasing the expression and activation of Runx2 with enrichment of H3K4me3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8060. [PMID: 28808306 PMCID: PMC5556080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant homeodomain finger protein 20 (PHF20), a methyl lysine effector protein, is a component MOF-NSL lysine acetyltranferase complex. Global deletion of PHF20 has shown spinal bone defects and reduced skeletal formation. However, the molecular basis of PHF20 involved in skeletal development has not been elucidated yet. The objective of this study was to determine the role of PHF20 in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Expression of PHF20 was gradually increased during osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of PHF20 enhanced ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation as well as the expression of osteogenic markers including Runx2. In contrast, inhibition of PHF20 expression reduced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. Mechanistically, PHF20 increased the promoter activity of osteogenic genes including Og2, Alp, and Bsp through direct association with Runx2. Moreover, PHF20 increased the enrichment of H3K4me3 on the promoter of Runx2 followed by increased Runx2 promoter activity. Interestingly, Bix-01294, a histone methylation inhibitor, decreased mineralized nodule formation through decreasing the levels of H3K4me3 and Runx2. Overexpression of PHF20 restored the Bix-01294 effects. Taken together, these results indicate that methyl lysine-binding protein PHF20 might be a novel regulator of osteoblast differentiation.
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24
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Carson WF, Cavassani KA, Soares EM, Hirai S, Kittan NA, Schaller MA, Scola MM, Joshi A, Matsukawa A, Aronoff DM, Johnson CN, Dou Y, Gallagher KA, Kunkel SL. The STAT4/MLL1 Epigenetic Axis Regulates the Antimicrobial Functions of Murine Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1865-1874. [PMID: 28733487 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical immune cells for the clearance of microbial pathogens and cellular debris from peripheral tissues. Macrophage inflammatory responses are governed by gene expression patterns, and these patterns are often subject to epigenetic control. Chromatin modifications, such as histone methylation, regulate gene accessibility in macrophages, and macrophage polarization is governed in part by the expression and function of chromatin-modifying enzymes. The histone methyltransferase mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) preferentially modifies lysine residue 4 on the unstructured protein tail of histone H3. MLL1 expression and function have been shown to be governed by signal transduction pathways that are activated by inflammatory stimuli, such as NF-κB. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of MLL1 in mediating macrophage inflammatory responses. Bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice with a targeted MLL1 gene knockout (Lys2-Cre+/- MLL1fx/fx) exhibited decreased proinflammatory gene expression with concurrent decreases in activating histone methylation. However, MLL1-deficient macrophages also exhibited increased phagocytic and bacterial killing activity in vitro. RNA profiling of MLL1-knockout macrophages identified numerous genes involved with inflammatory responses whose expression was altered in response to TLR ligands or proinflammatory cytokines, including STAT4. STAT4-dependent cytokines, such as type I IFNs were able to drive MLL1 expression in macrophages, and MLL1-knockout macrophages exhibited decreased activating histone methylation in the STAT4 promoter. These results implicate an important role for MLL1-dependent epigenetic regulation of macrophage antimicrobial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Carson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
| | - Karen A Cavassani
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Elyara M Soares
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Soichiro Hirai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nicolai A Kittan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthew A Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Melissa M Scola
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Amrita Joshi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - David M Aronoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Craig N Johnson
- DNA Sequencing and Microarray Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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25
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KMT2A promotes melanoma cell growth by targeting hTERT signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2940. [PMID: 28726783 PMCID: PMC5550845 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy, illuminating the exact mechanisms and finding novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. In this study, we identified KMT2A as a potential target, which promoted the growth of human melanoma cells. KMT2A knockdown significantly inhibited cell viability and cell migration and induced apoptosis, whereas KMT2A overexpression effectively promoted cell proliferation in various melanoma cell lines. Further study showed that KMT2A regulated melanoma cell growth by targeting the hTERT-dependent signal pathway. Knockdown of KMT2A markedly inhibited the promoter activity and expression of hTERT, and hTERT overexpression rescued the viability inhibition caused by KMT2A knockdown. Moreover, KMT2A knockdown suppressed tumorsphere formation and the expression of cancer stem cell markers, which was also reversed by hTERT overexpression. In addition, the results from a xenograft mouse model confirmed that KMT2A promoted melanoma growth via hTERT signaling. Finally, analyses of clinical samples demonstrated that the expression of KMT2A and hTERT were positively correlated in melanoma tumor tissues, and KMT2A high expression predicted poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Collectively, our results indicate that KMT2A promotes melanoma growth by activating the hTERT signaling, suggesting that the KMT2A/hTERT signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
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26
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Yin M, Chen Z, Ouyang Y, Zhang H, Wan Z, Wang H, Wu W, Yin X. Thrombin-induced, TNFR-dependent miR-181c downregulation promotes MLL1 and NF-κB target gene expression in human microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:132. [PMID: 28662718 PMCID: PMC5492717 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling thrombin-driven microglial activation may serve as a therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Here, we investigated microRNA (miRNA)-based regulation of thrombin-driven microglial activation using an in vitro thrombin toxicity model applied to primary human microglia. METHODS A miRNA array identified 22 differential miRNA candidates. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) identified miR-181c as the most significantly downregulated miRNA. TargetScan analysis identified mixed lineage leukemia-1 (MLL1) as a putative gene target for miR-181c. qRT-PCR was applied to assess tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), miR-181c, and MLL1 levels following thrombin or proteinase-activated receptor-4-specific activating peptide (PAR4AP) exposure. Anti-TNF-α antibodies and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) silencing were employed to test TNF-α/TNFR dependence. A dual-luciferase reporter system and miR-181c mimic transfection assessed whether mir-181c directly binds to and negatively regulates MLL1. Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)-dependent luciferase reporter assays and NF-κB target gene expression were assessed in wild-type (MLL1+) and MLL1-silenced cells. RESULTS Thrombin or PAR4AP-induced miR-181c downregulation (p < 0.05) and MLL1 upregulation (p < 0.05) that were dependent upon TNF-α/TNFR. miR-181c decreased wild-type MLL1 3'-UTR luciferase reporter activity (p < 0.05), and a miR-181c mimic suppressed MLL1 expression (p < 0.05). Thrombin treatment increased, while miR-181c reduced, NF-κB activity and NF-κB target gene expression in both wild-type (MLL1+) and MLL1-silenced cells (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thrombin-induced, TNF-α/TNFR-dependent miR-181c downregulation promotes MLL1 expression, increases NF-κB activity, and upregulates NF-κB target gene expression. As miR-181c opposes thrombin's stimulation of pro-inflammatory NF-κB activity, miR-181c mimic therapy may show promise in controlling thrombin-driven microglial activation following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yetong Ouyang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhigang Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. .,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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27
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Morisawa S, Yasuda H, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. Tumor necrosis factor-α decreases EC-SOD expression through DNA methylation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017. [PMID: 28584398 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a secreted antioxidative enzyme, and its presence in vascular walls may play an important role in protecting the vascular system against oxidative stress. EC-SOD expression in cultured cell lines is regulated by various cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). TNF-α is a major mediator of pathophysiological conditions and may induce or suppress the generation of various types of mediators. Epigenetics have been defined as mitotically heritable changes in gene expression that do not affect the DNA sequence, and include DNA methylation and histone modifications. The results of the present study demonstrated that TNF-α significantly decreased EC-SOD level in fibroblasts with an accompanying increase in methylated DNA. In DNA methylation and demethylation, cytosine is methylated to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), and 5mC is then converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and cytosine in a stepwise manner by ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs). However, DNMT did not participate in TNF-α-induced DNA methylation within the EC-SOD promoter region. On the other hand, TNF-α significantly suppressed TET1 expression and EC-SOD mRNA levels were decreased by the silencing of TET1 in fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that the down-regulation of EC-SOD by TNF-α is regulated by DNA methylation through reductions in TET1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Morisawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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28
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Morisawa S, Yasuda H, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. Tumor necrosis factor-α decreases EC-SOD expression through DNA methylation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 60:169-175. [PMID: 28584398 PMCID: PMC5453018 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a secreted antioxidative enzyme, and its presence in vascular walls may play an important role in protecting the vascular system against oxidative stress. EC-SOD expression in cultured cell lines is regulated by various cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). TNF-α is a major mediator of pathophysiological conditions and may induce or suppress the generation of various types of mediators. Epigenetics have been defined as mitotically heritable changes in gene expression that do not affect the DNA sequence, and include DNA methylation and histone modifications. The results of the present study demonstrated that TNF-α significantly decreased EC-SOD level in fibroblasts with an accompanying increase in methylated DNA. In DNA methylation and demethylation, cytosine is methylated to 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), and 5mC is then converted to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and cytosine in a stepwise manner by ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs). However, DNMT did not participate in TNF-α-induced DNA methylation within the EC-SOD promoter region. On the other hand, TNF-α significantly suppressed TET1 expression and EC-SOD mRNA levels were decreased by the silencing of TET1 in fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that the down-regulation of EC-SOD by TNF-α is regulated by DNA methylation through reductions in TET1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Morisawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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29
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Lim ASP, Klein HU, Yu L, Chibnik LB, Ali S, Xu J, Bennett DA, De Jager PL. Diurnal and seasonal molecular rhythms in human neocortex and their relation to Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14931. [PMID: 28368004 PMCID: PMC5382268 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian and seasonal rhythms are seen in many species, modulate several aspects of human physiology, including brain functions such as mood and cognition, and influence many neurological and psychiatric illnesses. However, there are few data regarding the genome-scale molecular correlates underlying these rhythms, especially in the human brain. Here, we report widespread, site-specific and interrelated diurnal and seasonal rhythms of gene expression in the human brain, and show their relationship with parallel rhythms of epigenetic modification including histone acetylation, and DNA methylation. We also identify transcription factor-binding sites that may drive these effects. Further, we demonstrate that Alzheimer's disease pathology disrupts these rhythms. These data suggest that interrelated diurnal and seasonal epigenetic and transcriptional rhythms may be an important feature of human brain biology, and perhaps human biology more broadly, and that changes in such rhythms may be consequences of, or contributors to, diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. P. Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room M1-600, Toronto M4N1X2, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 168c, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Lori B. Chibnik
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 168c, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Sanam Ali
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room M1-600, Toronto M4N1X2, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jishu Xu
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 168c, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 600 South Paulina Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 168c, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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MKL1 defines the H3K4Me3 landscape for NF-κB dependent inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2017; 7:191. [PMID: 28298643 PMCID: PMC5428227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-dependent inflammatory response is considered a pivotal biological process that contributes to a host of diseases when aberrantly activated. The underlying epigenetic mechanism is not completely understood. We report here that MKL1 was both sufficient and necessary for p65-dependent pro-inflammatory transcriptional program in immortalized macrophages, in primary human and mouse macrophages, and in an animal model of systemic inflammation (endotoxic shock). Extensive chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) profiling and ChIP-seq analyses revealed that MKL1 deficiency erased key histone modifications synonymous with transactivation on p65 target promoters. Specifically, MKL1 defined histone H3K4 trimethylation landscape for NF-κB dependent transcription. MKL1 recruited an H3K4 trimethyltransferase SET1 to the promoter regions of p65 target genes. There, our work has identified a novel modifier of p65-dependent pro-inflammatory transcription, which may serve as potential therapeutic targets in treating inflammation related diseases.
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31
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Emerging Roles for Epigenetic Programming in the Control of Inflammatory Signaling Integration in Heath and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:63-90. [PMID: 28921465 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells initiate the innate immune response to infection and injury and contribute to inflammatory signaling to maintain the homeostasis of various tissues, which includes resident macrophages for the elimination of invading microorganisms and tissue damage. Inappropriate inflammatory signaling can lead to persistent inflammation and further develop into autoimmune and inflammation-associated diseases. Inflammatory signaling pathways have been well characterized, but how these signaling pathways are converted into sustained and diverse patterns of expression of cytokines, chemokines, and other genes in response to environmental challenges is unclear. Emerging evidence suggests the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in finely tuning the outcome of the host innate immune response. An understanding of epigenetic regulation of innate immune cell identity and function will enable the identification of the mechanism between gene-specific host defenses and inflammatory disease and will also allow for exploration of the program of innate immune memory in health and disease. This information could be used to develop therapeutic agents to enhance the host response, preventing chronic inflammation through preserving tissues and signaling integrity.
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32
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Bei Y, Tianqian H, Fanyuan Y, Haiyun L, Xueyang L, Jing Y, Chenglin W, Ling Y. ASH1L Suppresses Matrix Metalloproteinase through Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Pulpitis. J Endod 2016; 43:306-314.e2. [PMID: 28041684 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulpitis is an inflammation of dental pulp produced by a response to external stimuli. The response entails substantial cellular and molecular activities. Both genetic and epigenetic regulators contribute to the occurrence of pulpitis. However, the epigenetic mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this research, we studied the role of the absent, small, or homeotic-like (ASH1L) gene in the process of pulpitis. METHODS Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Gene expression profiling was performed to assess the occurrence of epigenetic regulators. Pulp tissue from rat experimental pulpitis was subjected to immunofluorescence to detect the occurrence of ASH1L and trimethylation of lysine 4 histone 3 (H3K4me3). The presence of ASH1L in HDPCs that had been generated by TNF-α stimulation was analyzed by Western blot procedures and cellular immunofluorescence. Once detected, ASH1L was silenced through the use of specific small interfering RNA. The effects of ASH1L on the occurrence and operation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were then tested by analysis of quantitative polymerase chain reactions, Western blotting, and zymography. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to detect whether ASH1L and H3K4me3 were present in the promoter regions of MMPs. We then used Western blot procedures to examine the nuclear factor kappa B and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) responses to the silencing of ASH1L. We also examined the specific pathway involved in ASH1L regulation of the MMPs. RESULTS After stimulating HDPCs with TNF-α, ASH1L emerged as 1 of the most strongly induced epigenetic mediators. We found that TNF-α treatment induced the expression of ASH1L through the nuclear factor kappa B and MAPK signal pathways. ASH1L was found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. TNF-α treatment was particularly active in inducing the accumulation of ASH1L in cellular cytoplasm. As is also consistent with in vitro results, ASH1L was found in increased quantities in experimental dental pulpitis tissue. ASH1L knockdown markedly up-regulated the occurrence of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-13. It also exercised an impact on the enzymatic activity of MMP-2 in HDPCs that had been stimulated with TNF-α. ASH1L knockdown activated the MAPK signal pathway in TNF-α-triggered HDPCs, the inhibition of which reversed the induction of MMPs. CONCLUSIONS Our research identifies a mechanism by which ASH1L suppresses the occurrence and operation of MMPs during pulpitis. It does this through the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Tianqian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fanyuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Haiyun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liao Xueyang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Chenglin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Mass cytometry analysis reveals hyperactive NF Kappa B signaling in myelofibrosis and secondary acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 31:1962-1974. [PMID: 28008177 PMCID: PMC5540814 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) feature a malignant clone containing the JAK2 V617F mutation, or another mutation causing dysregulated JAK2 kinase activity. The multiple disease phenotypes of MPNs, and their tendency to transform phenotypically, suggest pathophysiologic heterogeneities beyond a common phenomenon of JAK2 hyperactivation. JAK2 has the potential to activate multiple other signaling molecules, either directly through downstream effectors, or indirectly through induction of target gene expression. We have interrogated myeloproliferative signaling in myelofibrosis (MF) and secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) patient samples using mass cytometry, which allows the quantitative measurement of multiple signaling molecules simultaneously at the single cell level, in cell populations representing a nearly complete spectrum of hematopoiesis. MF and sAML malignant cells demonstrated a high prevalence of hyperactivation of the JAK-STAT, MAP kinase, PI3 kinase, and NFκB signaling pathways. Constitutive NFκB signaling was evident across MF and sAML patients. A supporting GSEA analysis of MF showed many NFκB target genes to be expressed above normal levels in MF patient CD34+ cells. NFκB inhibition suppressed colony formation from MF CD34+ cells. This study indicates that NFκB signaling contributes to human myeloproliferative disease and is abnormally activated in MF and sAML.
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Huang TL, Lin CC, Chen RF, Lee CT. Higher blood MLL1 mRNA and BDNF promoter IV on histone H3K4me3 levels in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2016; 243:207-9. [PMID: 27419650 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the blood levels of mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) mRNA and BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) exon IV promoter on histone Histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia and controls. Over one year, 36 patients with schizophrenia and 32 controls were recruited. Psychiatric diagnoses were made based on DSM-IV criteria. Higher blood MLL1 mRNA and BDNF exon IV promoter on H3K4me3 levels were noted in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. The results showed that blood MLL1 mRNA and BDNF exon IV on H3K4me3 levels might be involved in the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiao-Lai Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chin-Chuen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Fu Chen
- Department of Medical Research & Development, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chang Bing, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Carson WF, Kunkel SL. Regulation of Cellular Immune Responses in Sepsis by Histone Modifications. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 106:191-225. [PMID: 28057212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe sepsis, septic shock, and related inflammatory syndromes are driven by the aberrant expression of proinflammatory mediators by immune cells. During the acute phase of sepsis, overexpression of chemokines and cytokines drives physiological stress leading to organ failure and mortality. Following recovery from sepsis, the immune system exhibits profound immunosuppression, evidenced by an inability to produce the same proinflammatory mediators that are required for normal responses to infectious microorganisms. Gene expression in inflammatory responses is influenced by the transcriptional accessibility of the chromatin, with histone posttranslational modifications determining whether inflammatory gene loci are set to transcriptionally active, repressed, or poised states. Experimental evidence indicates that histone modifications play a central role in governing the cytokine storm of severe sepsis, and that aberrant chromatin modifications induced during the acute phase of sepsis may mediate chronic immunosuppression in sepsis survivors. This review will focus on the role of histone modifications in governing immune responses in severe sepsis, with an emphasis on specific leukocyte subsets and the histone modifications observed in these cells during chronic stages of sepsis. Additionally, the expression and function of chromatin-modifying enzymes (CMEs) will be discussed in the context of severe sepsis, as potential mediators of epigenetic regulation of gene expression in sepsis responses. In summary, this review will argue for the use of chromatin modifications and CME expression in leukocytes as potential biomarkers of immunosuppression in patients with severe sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Carson
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - S L Kunkel
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Su SK, Li CY, Lei PJ, Wang X, Zhao QY, Cai Y, Wang Z, Li L, Wu M. The EZH1-SUZ12 complex positively regulates the transcription of NF-κB target genes through interaction with UXT. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2343-53. [PMID: 27127229 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other members of the polycomb group protein family, EZH1 has been shown to positively associate with active transcription on a genome-wide scale. However, the underlying mechanism for this behavior still remains elusive. Here, we report that EZH1 physically interacts with UXT, a small chaperon-like transcription co-activator. UXT specifically interacts with EZH1 and SUZ12, but not EED. Similar to upon knockdown of UXT, knockdown of EZH1 or SUZ12 through RNA interference in the cell impairs the transcriptional activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB target genes induced by TNFα. EZH1 deficiency also increases TNFα-induced cell death. Interestingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation and the following next-generation sequencing analysis show that H3K27 mono-, di- and tri-methylation on NF-κB target genes are not affected in EZH1- or UXT-deficient cells. EZH1 also does not affect the translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB (also known as RELA) from the cytosol to the nucleus. Instead, EZH1 and SUZ12 regulate the recruitment of p65 and RNA Pol II to target genes. Taken together, our study shows that EZH1 and SUZ12 act as positive regulators for NF-κB signaling and demonstrates that EZH1, SUZ12 and UXT work synergistically to regulate pathway activation in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Kun Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Pin-Ji Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Quan-Yi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Lianyun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Zhao QY, Lei PJ, Zhang X, Zheng JY, Wang HY, Zhao J, Li YM, Ye M, Li L, Wei G, Wu M. Global histone modification profiling reveals the epigenomic dynamics during malignant transformation in a four-stage breast cancer model. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:34. [PMID: 27034728 PMCID: PMC4815258 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic regulation has emerged to be the critical steps for tumorigenesis and metastasis. Multiple histone methyltransferase and demethylase have been implicated as tumor suppressors or oncogenes recently. But the key epigenomic events in cancer cell transformation still remain poorly understood. METHODS A breast cancer transformation model was established via stably expressing three oncogenes in primary breast epithelial cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by the next-generation sequencing of histone methylations was performed to determine epigenetic events during transformation. Western blot, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunostaining were used to determine gene expression in cells and tissues. RESULTS Histones H3K9me2 and me3, two repressive marks of transcription, decrease in in vitro breast cancer cell model and in vivo clinical tissues. A survey of enzymes related with H3K9 methylation indicated that KDM3A/JMJD1A, a demethylase for H3K9me1 and me2, gradually increases during cancer transformation and is elevated in patient tissues. KDM3A/JMJD1A deficiency impairs the growth of tumors in nude mice and transformed cell lines. Genome-wide ChIP-seq analysis reveals that the boundaries of decreased H3K9me2 large organized chromatin K9 modifications (LOCKs) are enriched with cancer-related genes, such as MYC and PAX3. Further studies show that KDM3A/JMJD1A directly binds to these oncogenes and regulates their transcription by removing H3K9me2 mark. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates reduction of histones H3K9 me2 and me3, and elevation of KDM3A/JMJD1A as important events for breast cancer, and illustrates the dynamic epigenomic mechanisms during breast cancer transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Yi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Pin-Ji Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jun-Yi Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Hui-Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Mei Ye
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072 China
| | - Lianyun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei China
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Cao X. Self-regulation and cross-regulation of pattern-recognition receptor signalling in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 16:35-50. [DOI: 10.1038/nri.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhu K, Wang X, Ju LG, Zhu Y, Yao J, Wang Y, Wu M, Li LY. WDR82 Negatively Regulates Cellular Antiviral Response by Mediating TRAF3 Polyubiquitination in Multiple Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:5358-66. [PMID: 26519536 PMCID: PMC4654227 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Upon virus infection, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors in host cells recognize viral RNA and activate type I IFN expression. Previously, we identified WD repeat domain (WDR) 5 as one positive regulator for pathway activation. In this study, we report that WDR82, a homolog protein of WDR5, acts opposite to WDR5 and inhibits the activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene I signaling pathway. WDR82 overexpression inhibits virus-triggered pathway activation, whereas its knockdown enhances induced IFN-β expression. WDR82 is localized on the mitochondria, and its first N-terminal WD40 domain is critical for localization. WDR82 interacts with TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 3, and its overexpression promotes K48-linked, but not K63-linked, polyubiquitination on TRAF3. Furthermore, WDR82 knockdown inhibits viral replication in the cell, whereas its overexpression has the opposite effect. Interestingly, WDR82 regulates Sendai virus-induced IFNB1 expression in a cell type-specific manner. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that WDR82 is a negative regulator of virus-triggered type I IFNs pathway through mediating TRAF3 polyubiquitination status and stability on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and
| | - Lin-Gao Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and
| | - Yanyi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and
| | - Lian-Yun Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; and
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Maeng YS, Lee GH, Choi SI, Kim KS, Kim EK. Histone methylation levels correlate with TGFBIp and extracellular matrix gene expression in normal and granular corneal dystrophy type 2 corneal fibroblasts. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:74. [PMID: 26553048 PMCID: PMC4638082 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TGFβ1-induced expression of transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes plays a major role in the development of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2: also called Avellino corneal dystrophy). Although some key transcription factors are known, the epigenetic mechanisms modulating TGFBIp and ECM expression remain unclear. We examined the role of chromatin markers such as histone H3 lysine methylation (H3Kme) in TGFβ1-induced TGFBIp and ECM gene expression in normal and GCD2-derived human corneal fibroblasts. Methods Wild-type (n = 3), GCD2-heterozygous (n = 1), and GCD2-homozygous (n = 3) primary human corneal fibroblasts were harvested from human donors and patients prepared. Microarray and gene-expression profiling, Chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray analysis, and Methylated DNA isolation assay-assisted CpG microarrays was performed in Wild-type and GCD2-homozygous human cells. Results Transcription and extracellular-secretion levels of TGFBIp were high in normal cells compared with those in GCD2-derived cells and were related to H3K4me3 levels but not to DNA methylation over the TGFBI locus. TGFβ1 increased the expression of TGFBIp and the ECM-associated genes connective tissue growth factor, collagen-α2[Ι], and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in normal corneal fibroblasts. Increased levels of gene-activating markers (H3K4me1/3) and decreased levels of repressive markers (H3K27me3) at the promoters of those gene accompanied the changes in expression. TGFβ1 also increased recruitment of the H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1 and of SET7/9 and also the binding of Smad3 to the promoters. Knockdown of both MLL1 and SET7/9 significantly blocked the TGFβ1-induced gene expression and inhibited TGFβ1-induced changes in promoter H3K4me1/3 levels. Those effects were very weak, however, in GCD2-derived corneal fibroblasts. Conclusions Taken together, the results show the functional role of H3K4me in TGFβ1-mediated TGFBIp and ECM gene expression in corneal fibroblasts. Pharmacologic and other therapies that regulate these modifications could have potential cornea-protective effects for granular corneal dystrophy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0151-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Seung-Il Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyu Seo Kim
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea. .,Institute of Vision Research, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Tennant BR, Hurley P, Dhillon J, Gill A, Whiting C, Hoffman BG. The TrxG Complex Mediates Cytokine Induced De Novo Enhancer Formation in Islets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141470. [PMID: 26505193 PMCID: PMC4623983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand how β-cells respond to proinflammatory cytokines we mapped the locations of histone 3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1), a post-translational histone modification enriched at active and poised cis-regulatory regions, in IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα treated pancreatic islets. We identified 96,721 putative cis-regulatory loci, of which 3,590 were generated de novo, 3,204 had increased H3K4me1, and 5,354 had decreased H3K4me1 in IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα exposed islets. Roughly 10% of the de novo and increased regions were enriched for the repressive histone modification histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in untreated cells, and these were frequently associated with chemokine genes. We show that IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα exposure overcomes this repression and induces chemokine gene activation in as little as three hours, and that this expression persists for days in absence of continued IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα exposure. We implicate trithorax group (TrxG) complexes as likely players in the conversion of these repressed loci to an active state. To block the activity of these complexes, we suppressed Wdr5, a core component of the TrxG complexes, and used the H3K27me3 demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4. We show that GSK-J4 is particularly effective in blunting IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα-induced chemokine gene expression in β-cells; however, it induced significant islet-cell apoptosis and β-cell dysfunction. Wdr5 suppression also reduced IFNγ, Il-1β, and TNFα induced chemokine gene expression in β-cells without affecting islet-cell survival or β-cell function after 48hrs, but did begin to increase islet-cell apoptosis and β-cell dysfunction after four days of treatment. Taken together these data suggest that the TrxG complex is potentially a viable target for preventing cytokine induced chemokine gene expression in β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R. Tennant
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, 950 W28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter Hurley
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, 950 W28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jasmine Dhillon
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, 950 W28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amol Gill
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, 950 W28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cheryl Whiting
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, 950 W28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brad G. Hoffman
- Child and Family Research Institute, British Columbia Children’s Hospital and Sunny Hill Health Centre, 950 W28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- * E-mail:
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Induction of USP25 by viral infection promotes innate antiviral responses by mediating the stabilization of TRAF3 and TRAF6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11324-9. [PMID: 26305951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509968112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host pathogen-recognition receptors detect nucleic acid from invading viruses and initiate a series of signaling pathways that lead to the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we found that a viral infection-induced deubiquitinase (DUB), ubiquitin-specific protease 25 (USP25) was required for host defense against RNA and DNA viruses. The activation of transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB was impaired and the production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines was inhibited in Usp25-/- cells compared with the wild-type counterparts after RNA or DNA viruses infection. Consistently, USP25 deficient mice were more susceptible to H5N1 or HSV-1 infection compared with the wild-type mice. USP25 was associated with TRAF3 and TRAF6 after infection by RNA or DNA viruses and protected virus-induced proteasome-dependent or independent degradation of TRAF3 and TRAF6, respectively. Moreover, reconstitution of TRAF3 and TRAF6 into Usp25-/- MEFs restored virus-triggered production of type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings thus reveal a previously uncovered positive feedback regulation of innate immune responses against RNA and DNA viruses by USP25.
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ARTD1 Suppresses Interleukin 6 Expression by Repressing MLL1-Dependent Histone H3 Trimethylation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3189-99. [PMID: 26149390 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00196-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria-toxin like 1/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (ARTD1/PARP1) is a chromatin-associated protein in the nucleus and plays an important role in different cellular processes such as regulation of gene transcription. ARTD1 has been shown to coregulate the inflammatory response by modulating the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), the principal regulator of interleukin 6 (IL-6), an important inflammatory cytokine implicated in a variety of diseases such as cancer. However, to what extent and how ARTD1 regulates IL-6 transcription has not been clear. Here, we show that ARTD1 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 expression in macrophages, without affecting the recruitment of the NF-κB subunit RelA to the IL-6 promoter and independent of its enzymatic activity. Interestingly, knockdown of ARTD1 did not alter H3 occupancy but increased LPS-induced trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), a hallmark of transcriptionally active genes. We found that ARTD1 mediates its effect through the methyltransferase MLL1, by catalyzing H3K4me3 at the IL-6 promoter and forming a complex with NF-κB. These results demonstrate that ARTD1 modulates IL-6 expression by regulating the function of an NF-κB enhanceosome complex, which involves MLL1 and does not require ADP-ribosylation.
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PDE4 inhibition reduces neointima formation and inhibits VCAM-1 expression and histone methylation in an Epac-dependent manner. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 81:23-33. [PMID: 25640159 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activity mediates cAMP-dependent smooth muscle cell (SMC) activation following vascular injury. In this study we have investigated the effects of specific PDE4 inhibition with roflumilast on SMC proliferation and inflammatory activation in vitro and neointima formation following guide wire-induced injury of the femoral artery in mice in vivo. In vitro, roflumilast did not affect SMC proliferation, but diminished TNF-α induced expression of the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). Specific activation of the cAMP effector Epac, but not PKA activation mimicked the effects of roflumilast on VCAM-1 expression. Consistently, the reduction of VCAM-1 expression was rescued following inhibition of Epac. TNF-α induced NFκB p65 translocation and VCAM-1 promoter activity were not altered by roflumilast in SMCs. However, roflumilast treatment and Epac activation repressed the induction of the activating epigenetic histone mark H3K4me2 at the VCAM-1 promoter, while PKA activation showed no effect. Furthermore, HDAC inhibition blocked the inhibitory effect of roflumilast on VCAM-1 expression. Both, roflumilast and Epac activation reduced monocyte adhesion to SMCs in vitro. Finally, roflumilast treatment attenuated femoral artery intima-media ratio by more than 50% after 4weeks. In summary, PDE4 inhibition regulates VCAM-1 through a novel Epac-dependent mechanism, which involves regulatory epigenetic components and reduces neointima formation following vascular injury. PDE4 inhibition and Epac activation might represent novel approaches for the treatment of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis.
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Li BE, Ernst P. Two decades of leukemia oncoprotein epistasis: the MLL1 paradigm for epigenetic deregulation in leukemia. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:995-1012. [PMID: 25264566 PMCID: PMC4307938 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MLL1, located on human chromosome 11, is disrupted in distinct recurrent chromosomal translocations in several leukemia subsets. Studying the MLL1 gene and its oncogenic variants has provided a paradigm for understanding cancer initiation and maintenance through aberrant epigenetic gene regulation. Here we review the historical development of model systems to recapitulate oncogenic MLL1-rearrangement (MLL-r) alleles encoding mixed-lineage leukemia fusion proteins (MLL-FPs) or internal gene rearrangement products. These largely mouse and human cell/xenograft systems have been generated and used to understand how MLL-r alleles affect diverse pathways to result in a highly penetrant, drug-resistant leukemia. The particular features of the animal models influenced the conclusions of mechanisms of transformation. We discuss significant downstream enablers, inhibitors, effectors, and collaborators of MLL-r leukemia, including molecules that directly interact with MLL-FPs and endogenous mixed-lineage leukemia protein, direct target genes of MLL-FPs, and other pathways that have proven to be influential in supporting or suppressing the leukemogenic activity of MLL-FPs. The use of animal models has been complemented with patient sample, genome-wide analyses to delineate the important genomic and epigenomic changes that occur in distinct subsets of MLL-r leukemia. Collectively, these studies have resulted in rapid progress toward developing new strategies for targeting MLL-r leukemia and general cell-biological principles that may broadly inform targeting aberrant epigenetic regulators in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin E Li
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Patricia Ernst
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; Department of Pediatrics Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Van den Bossche J, Neele AE, Hoeksema MA, de Heij F, Boshuizen MCS, van der Velden S, de Boer VC, Reedquist KA, de Winther MPJ. Inhibiting epigenetic enzymes to improve atherogenic macrophage functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:396-402. [PMID: 25446073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages determine the outcome of atherosclerosis by propagating inflammatory responses, foam cell formation and eventually necrotic core development. Yet, the pathways that regulate their atherogenic functions remain ill-defined. It is now apparent that chromatin remodeling chromatin modifying enzymes (CME) governs immune responses but it remains unclear to what extent they control atherogenic macrophage functions. We hypothesized that epigenetic mechanisms regulate atherogenic macrophage functions, thereby determining the outcome of atherosclerosis. Therefore, we designed a quantitative semi-high-throughput screening platform and studied whether the inhibition of CME can be applied to improve atherogenic macrophage activities. We found that broad spectrum inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone methyltransferases (HMT) has both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. The inhibition of HDACs increased histone acetylation and gene expression of the cholesterol efflux regulators ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, but left foam cell formation unaffected. HDAC inhibition altered macrophage metabolism towards enhanced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and resulted in protection against apoptosis. Finally, we applied inhibitors against specific HDACs and found that HDAC3 inhibition phenocopies the atheroprotective effects of pan-HDAC inhibitors. Based on our data, we propose the inhibition of HDACs, and in particular HDAC3, in macrophages as a novel potential target to treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke de Heij
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke C S Boshuizen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent C de Boer
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kris A Reedquist
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wang X, Ju L, Fan J, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhu K, Wu M, Li L. Histone H3K4 methyltransferase Mll1 regulates protein glycosylation and tunicamycin-induced apoptosis through transcriptional regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1843:2592-602. [PMID: 24983772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting protein glycosylation induces ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress, resulting in the activation of UPR (unfolded protein response) pathways. A key function of the UPR is to restore ER homeostasis, but prolonged or unsolved ER stress can lead to apoptosis. MLL1 (Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1, also named ALL-1 or HRX), a histone H3K4 methyltransferase in mammals, plays important roles in leukemogenesis, transcriptional regulation, cell cycle and development. Here, we find that Mll1 deficiency enhances UPR and apoptosis induced by the glycosylation inhibitor TM (tunicamycin). The abnormal regulation of the UPR appears to be caused by a defect in protein glycosylation. Furthermore, Mll1 directly binds to the promoters of H6pd, Galnt12 and Ugp2, which regulates H3K4 trimethylation and the subsequent expression of these genes. The knockdown of H6pd, Galnt12 or Ugp2 enhances TM-induced apoptosis in Mll1(+/+)MEF cells, whereas the ectopic expression of these proteins inhibits TM-induced apoptosis in Mll1(-/-) MEF cells. Together, our data suggest that the maturation of glycoproteins in the ER is subject to regulation at the epigenetic level by a histone methyltransferase whose abnormality can lead to cancer and developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiadong Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lianyun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Yang Y, Cheng X, Tian W, Zhou B, Wu X, Xu H, Fang F, Fang M, Xu Y. MRTF-A steers an epigenetic complex to activate endothelin-induced pro-inflammatory transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:10460-72. [PMID: 25159611 PMCID: PMC4176337 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin (ET-1) was initially identified as a potent vasoconstrictor contributing to the maintenance of vascular rhythm. Later studies have implicated ET-1, when aberrantly up-regulated within the vasculature, in a range of human pathologies associated with disruption of vascular homeostasis. ET-1 has been shown to invoke strong pro-inflammatory response in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); the underlying mechanism, however, remains elusive. Here, we report that the transcriptional modulator MRTF-A mediates the activation of pro-inflammatory mediators by ET-1 in VSMCs. ET-1 increased nuclear enrichment and activity of MRTF-A in cultured VSMCs. MRTF-A silencing attenuated ET-1 induced synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators including IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1 likely as a result of diminished NF-κB activity. In addition, MRTF-A was indispensible for the accumulation of active histone modifications on the gene promoters. Of intrigue, MRTF-A interacted with and recruited ASH2, a component of the mammalian histone methyltransferase complex, to transactivate pro-inflammatory genes in response to ET-1 treatment. The chromatin remodeling proteins BRG1 and BRM were also required for ET-1-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory mediators by communicating with ASH2, a process dependent on MRTF-A. In conclusion, our data have identified a novel epigenetic complex responsible for vascular inflammation inflicted by ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China Department of Nursing, Jiangsu Jiankang Vocational University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wenfang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Bisheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Mingming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Pathophysiology and Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Zhang Y, Lei CQ, Hu YH, Xia T, Li M, Zhong B, Shu HB. Krüppel-like factor 6 is a co-activator of NF-κB that mediates p65-dependent transcription of selected downstream genes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12876-85. [PMID: 24634218 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.535831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB plays a pivotal role in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes, including development, inflammation, and immunity. How NF-κB integrates activating signals to expression of specific sets of target genes is of great interest. Here, we identified Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) as a co-activator of NF-κB after TNFα and IL-1β stimulation. Overexpression of KLF6 enhanced TNFα- and IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB and transcription of a subset of downstream genes, whereas knockdown of KLF6 had opposite effects. KLF6 interacted with p65 in the nucleus and bound to the promoters of target genes. Upon IL-1β stimulation, KLF6 was recruited to promoters of a subset of NF-κB target genes in a p65-dependent manner, which was in turn required for the optimal binding of p65 to the target gene promoters. Our findings thus identified KLF6 as a previously unknown but essential co-activator of NF-κB and provided new insight into the molecular regulation of p65-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- From the College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Yu L, Weng X, Liang P, Dai X, Wu X, Xu H, Fang M, Fang F, Xu Y. MRTF-A mediates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory transcription by interacting with the COMPASS complex. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4645-57. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.152314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation underscores the pathogenesis of a range of human diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicits strong pro-inflammatory response in macrophages via the transcription factor NF-κB. The epigenetic mechanism underlying LPS-induced pro-inflammatory transcription is not completely appreciated. Herein we describe a role for myocardin related transcription factor A, or MRTF-A, in this process. MRTF-A over-expression potentiated while MRTF-A silencing dampened NF-κB dependent pro-inflammatory transcription. MRTF-A deficiency also alleviated the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators in a mouse model of colitis. LPS promoted the recruitment of MRTF-A to the promoters of pro-inflammatory genes in a NF-κB dependent manner. Reciprocally, MRTF-A influenced the nuclear enrichment and target binding of NF-κB. Mechanistically, MRTF-A was necessary for the accumulation of active histone modifications on NF-κB target promoters by communicating with the histone H3K4 methyltransferase complex (COMPASS). Silencing of individual members of COMPASS, including ASH2, WDR5, and SET1, down-regulated the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and impaired the NF-κB kinetics. In summary, our work has uncovered a previously unknown function for MRTF-A and provided insights into the rationalized development of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies.
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