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Méndez-Barbero N, San Sebastian-Jaraba I, Blázquez-Serra R, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM. Annexins and cardiovascular diseases: Beyond membrane trafficking and repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1000760. [PMID: 36313572 PMCID: PMC9614170 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The main cause underlying CVD is associated with the pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, involving several cell types, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and leukocytes. Vascular remodeling is often related with the development of atherosclerotic plaques leading to narrowing of the arteries and reduced blood flow. Atherosclerosis is known to be triggered by high blood cholesterol levels, which in the presence of a dysfunctional endothelium, results in the retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall, leading to an immune-inflammatory response. Continued hypercholesterolemia and inflammation aggravate the progression of atherosclerotic plaque over time, which is often complicated by thrombus development, leading to the possibility of CV events such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Annexins are a family of proteins with high structural homology that bind phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. These proteins are involved in several biological functions, from cell structural organization to growth regulation and vesicle trafficking. In vitro gain- or loss-of-function experiments have demonstrated the implication of annexins with a wide variety of cellular processes independent of calcium signaling such as immune-inflammatory response, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and membrane repair. In the last years, the use of mice deficient for different annexins has provided insight into additional functions of these proteins in vivo, and their involvement in different pathologies. This review will focus in the role of annexins in CVD, highlighting the mechanisms involved and the potential therapeutic effects of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Blázquez-Serra
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L. Martín-Ventura
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis M. Blanco-Colio,
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Manke MC, Geue S, Coman C, Peng B, Kollotzek F, Münzer P, Walker B, Huber SM, Rath D, Sickmann A, Stegner D, Duerschmied D, Lang F, Nieswandt B, Gawaz M, Ahrends R, Borst O. ANXA7 Regulates Platelet Lipid Metabolism and Ca 2+ Release in Arterial Thrombosis. Circ Res 2021; 129:494-507. [PMID: 34176316 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin-Christin Manke
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
| | - Sascha Geue
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina Coman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria (C.C., R.A.)
| | - Bing Peng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (B.P.).,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS, Dortmund, Germany (B.P., A.S., R.A.)
| | - Ferdinand Kollotzek
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
| | - Patrick Münzer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
| | - Britta Walker
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology (S.M.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS, Dortmund, Germany (B.P., A.S., R.A.)
| | - David Stegner
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Germany (D.S., B.N.)
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (D.D.)
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology (F.L.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Germany (D.S., B.N.)
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria (C.C., R.A.).,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS, Dortmund, Germany (B.P., A.S., R.A.)
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Cardiovascular Medicine (M.-C.M., S.G., F.K., P.M., B.W., D.R., M.G., O.B.), University of Tübingen, Germany.,DFG Heisenberg Group Thrombocardiology (M.-C.M., F.K., P.M., O.B.)
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Annexins and Membrane Repair Dysfunctions in Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105276. [PMID: 34067866 PMCID: PMC8155887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies constitute a group of genetic disorders that cause weakness and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass. Among them, Miyoshi muscular dystrophy 1 (MMD1), limb girdle muscular dystrophy type R2 (LGMDR2/2B), and LGMDR12 (2L) are characterized by mutation in gene encoding key membrane-repair protein, which leads to severe dysfunctions in sarcolemma repair. Cell membrane disruption is a physiological event induced by mechanical stress, such as muscle contraction and stretching. Like many eukaryotic cells, muscle fibers possess a protein machinery ensuring fast resealing of damaged plasma membrane. Members of the annexins A (ANXA) family belong to this protein machinery. ANXA are small soluble proteins, twelve in number in humans, which share the property of binding to membranes exposing negatively-charged phospholipids in the presence of calcium (Ca2+). Many ANXA have been reported to participate in membrane repair of varied cell types and species, including human skeletal muscle cells in which they may play a collective role in protection and repair of the sarcolemma. Here, we discuss the participation of ANXA in membrane repair of healthy skeletal muscle cells and how dysregulation of ANXA expression may impact the clinical severity of muscular dystrophies.
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Grewal T, Rentero C, Enrich C, Wahba M, Raabe CA, Rescher U. Annexin Animal Models-From Fundamental Principles to Translational Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073439. [PMID: 33810523 PMCID: PMC8037771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine manipulation of the mouse genome has become a landmark in biomedical research. Traits that are only associated with advanced developmental stages can now be investigated within a living organism, and the in vivo analysis of corresponding phenotypes and functions advances the translation into the clinical setting. The annexins, a family of closely related calcium (Ca2+)- and lipid-binding proteins, are found at various intra- and extracellular locations, and interact with a broad range of membrane lipids and proteins. Their impacts on cellular functions has been extensively assessed in vitro, yet annexin-deficient mouse models generally develop normally and do not display obvious phenotypes. Only in recent years, studies examining genetically modified annexin mouse models which were exposed to stress conditions mimicking human disease often revealed striking phenotypes. This review is the first comprehensive overview of annexin-related research using animal models and their exciting future use for relevant issues in biology and experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.R.); (C.E.)
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Carsten A. Raabe
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Ursula Rescher
- Research Group Regulatory Mechanisms of Inflammation, Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE) and Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CiM), Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.G.); (U.R.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9351-8496 (T.G.); +49-(0)251-83-52121 (U.R.)
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Méndez-Barbero N, Gutiérrez-Muñoz C, Blázquez-Serra R, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM. Annexins: Involvement in cholesterol homeostasis, inflammatory response and atherosclerosis. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2021; 33:206-216. [PMID: 33622609 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The annexin superfamily consists of 12 proteins with a highly structural homology that binds to phospholipids depending on the availability of Ca2+-dependent. Different studies of overexpression, inhibition, or using recombinant proteins have linked the main function of these proteins to their dynamic and reversible binding to membranes. Annexins are found in multiple cellular compartments, regulating different functions, such as membrane trafficking, anchoring to the cell cytoskeleton, ion channel regulation, as well as pro- or anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activities. The use of animals deficient in any of these annexins has established their possible functions in vivo, demonstrating that annexins can participate in relevant functions independent of Ca2+ signalling. This review will focus mainly on the role of different annexins in the pathological vascular remodelling that underlies the formation of the atherosclerotic lesion, as well as in the control of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Carmen Gutiérrez-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | | | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Laboratorio de Patología Vascular, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España.
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Grewal T, Enrich C, Rentero C, Buechler C. Annexins in Adipose Tissue: Novel Players in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143449. [PMID: 31337068 PMCID: PMC6678658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the associated comorbidities are a growing health threat worldwide. Adipose tissue dysfunction, impaired adipokine activity, and inflammation are central to metabolic diseases related to obesity. In particular, the excess storage of lipids in adipose tissues disturbs cellular homeostasis. Amongst others, organelle function and cell signaling, often related to the altered composition of specialized membrane microdomains (lipid rafts), are affected. Within this context, the conserved family of annexins are well known to associate with membranes in a calcium (Ca2+)- and phospholipid-dependent manner in order to regulate membrane-related events, such as trafficking in endo- and exocytosis and membrane microdomain organization. These multiple activities of annexins are facilitated through their diverse interactions with a plethora of lipids and proteins, often in different cellular locations and with consequences for the activity of receptors, transporters, metabolic enzymes, and signaling complexes. While increasing evidence points at the function of annexins in lipid homeostasis and cell metabolism in various cells and organs, their role in adipose tissue, obesity and related metabolic diseases is still not well understood. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a potent pro-resolving mediator affecting the regulation of body weight and metabolic health. Relevant for glucose metabolism and fatty acid uptake in adipose tissue, several studies suggest AnxA2 to contribute to coordinate glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation and to associate with the fatty acid transporter CD36. On the other hand, AnxA6 has been linked to the control of adipocyte lipolysis and adiponectin release. In addition, several other annexins are expressed in fat tissues, yet their roles in adipocytes are less well examined. The current review article summarizes studies on the expression of annexins in adipocytes and in obesity. Research efforts investigating the potential role of annexins in fat tissue relevant to health and metabolic disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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An expanded proteome of cardiac t-tubules. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 42:15-20. [PMID: 31202980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transverse tubules (t-tubules) are important structural elements, derived from sarcolemma, found on all striated myocytes. These specialized organelles create a scaffold for many proteins crucial to the effective propagation of signal in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. The full protein composition of this region is unknown. METHODS We characterized the t-tubule subproteome using 52,033 immunohistochemical images covering 13,203 proteins from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) cardiac tissue microarrays. We used HPASubC, a suite of Python tools, to rapidly review and classify each image for a specific t-tubule staining pattern. The tools Gene Cards, String 11, and Gene Ontology Consortium as well as literature searches were used to understand pathways and relationships between the proteins. RESULTS There were 96 likely t-tubule proteins identified by HPASubC. Of these, 12 were matrisome proteins and 3 were mitochondrial proteins. A separate literature search identified 50 known t-tubule proteins. A comparison of the 2 lists revealed only 17 proteins in common, including 8 of the matrisome proteins. String11 revealed that 94 of 127 combined t-tubule proteins generated a single interconnected network. CONCLUSION Using HPASubC and the HPA, we identified 78 novel, putative t-tubule proteins and validated 17 within the literature. This expands and improves our knowledge of this important subcellular structure of the cardiac myocyte. This information can be used to identify new structural targets involved in excitation-contraction coupling that may be altered in disease.
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A small molecule induces integrin β4 nuclear translocation and apoptosis selectively in cancer cells with high expression of integrin β4. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16282-96. [PMID: 26918348 PMCID: PMC4941314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased integrin β4 (ITGB4) level is accompanied by malignant progression of multiple carcinomas. However, selective therapeutic strategies against cancer cells expressing a high level of ITGB4 have not been reported. Here, for the first time, we report that a chiral small molecule, SEC, selectively promotes apoptosis in cancer cells expressing a high level of ITGB4 by inducing ITGB4 nuclear translocation. Nuclear ITGB4 can bind to the ATF3 promoter region and activate the expression of ATF3, then upregulate the downstream pro-apoptosis genes. Furthermore, SEC promoted the binding of annexin A7 (ANXA7) to ITGB4 and increased ANXA7 GTPase activity. Activated ANXA7 promoted ITGB4 nuclear translocation by triggering ITGB4 phosphorylation at Y1494. SEC also inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in the avian embryo model. We identified a small molecule, SEC, with selective pro-apoptosis effects on cancer cells with high expression of ITGB4, both in vitro and in vivo, by triggering the binding of ITGB4 and ANXA7, ITGB4 nuclear trafficking, and pro-apoptosis gene expression.
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Grewal T, Wason SJ, Enrich C, Rentero C. Annexins - insights from knockout mice. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1031-53. [PMID: 27318360 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Annexins are a highly conserved protein family that bind to phospholipids in a calcium (Ca2+) - dependent manner. Studies with purified annexins, as well as overexpression and knockdown approaches identified multiple functions predominantly linked to their dynamic and reversible membrane binding behavior. However, most annexins are found at multiple locations and interact with numerous proteins. Furthermore, similar membrane binding characteristics, overlapping localizations and shared interaction partners have complicated identification of their precise functions. To gain insight into annexin function in vivo, mouse models deficient of annexin A1 (AnxA1), A2, A4, A5, A6 and A7 have been generated. Interestingly, with the exception of one study, all mice strains lacking one or even two annexins are viable and develop normally. This suggested redundancy within annexins, but examining these knockout (KO) strains under stress conditions revealed striking phenotypes, identifying underlying mechanisms specific for individual annexins, often supporting Ca2+ homeostasis and membrane transport as central for annexin biology. Conversely, mice lacking AnxA1 or A2 show extracellular functions relevant in health and disease that appear independent of membrane trafficking or Ca2+ signaling. This review will summarize the mechanistic insights gained from studies utilizing mouse models lacking members of the annexin family.
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Liu S, Wang Z, Miao J. Potential roles of annexin A7 GTPase in autophagy, senescence and apoptosis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers the roles of ANXA7 GTPase in orchestrating autophagy, senescence and apoptosis interactive networks in various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuYan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - ZhaoYang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
| | - JunYing Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology
- School of Life Science
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- China
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Hoque M, Rentero C, Cairns R, Tebar F, Enrich C, Grewal T. Annexins — Scaffolds modulating PKC localization and signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1213-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Identification of Osteoclastic Factors in the Nuclear Envelope of Mature, Multinucleated Osteoclasts. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1956-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jin Y, Wang S, Chen W, Zhang J, Wang B, Guan H, Tang J. Annexin A7 suppresses lymph node metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells in a mouse model. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:522. [PMID: 24188284 PMCID: PMC3840638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in China. This study investigated the effects of Annexin A7 (ANXA7) on the inhibition of HCC lymph node metastasis in a mouse model. Methods The stable knockup and knockdown of Annexin A7-expressing HCC cells using Annexin A7 cDNA and shRNA vectors, respectively, were injected into a mouse footpad to establish primary and metastatic tumors in mice. On the 14th, 21st, and 28th days after HCC cells inoculation, the mice were sacrificed for inspection of primary and secondary tumors and immunohistochemistry of Annexin A7 expression. Results The lymph node metastasis rate of the FANXA7-control group was 77%, and the lymph node metastasis rate of the FANXA7-down group was 100% (p < 0.05). In contrast, the lymph node metastasis rate of the PANXA7-up group was 0% and that of the PANXA7-control group was 36% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that the subcellular localization of Annexin A7 protein in both primary and lymph node-metastasized tumors was mainly in the cytosol. In addition, the expression of the 47 kDa and 51 kDa isoforms of Annexin A7 protein changed during tumor progression. Conclusion This study indicated that Annexin A7 expression was able to inhibit HCC lymph node metastasis, whereas knockdown of Annexin A7 expression significantly induced HCC metastasis to local lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, P,R, China.
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Ibrahim MM, Sun MZ, Huang Y, Jun M, Jin Y, Yue D, Jiasheng W, Zhang J, Qazi AS, Sagoe K, Tang J. Down-regulation of ANXA7 decreases metastatic potential of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:285-91. [PMID: 23582794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time the influence of ANXA7 gene on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). We down-regulated ANXA7 in human HCC cell line (HepG2) using siRNA method. By Western Blot analysis, we confirmed about 70% down-regulation of the gene in the shRNA-ANXA7 transfected cells (shRNA-ANXA7-HepG2) compared to the non-specific sequence shRNA transfected cells (control-shRNA-HepG2) and the un-manipulated-HepG2 cells. We used CCK-8 cell proliferation kit and observed about 65% reduction in the shRNA-ANXA7-HepG2 cells where the two controls exhibited comparable cell proliferation rates. Also, by using PI staining followed by flow cytometry, we noticed a cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 with more than one fold reduction of shRNA-ANXA7-HepG2 cell population in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Also of particular note was a significant aneuploidy in the controls compared to zero aneuploidy in the ANXA7 down-regulated cells. Migration of the cells was detected using Boyden's transwell chamber and scratch wound healing assay which showed 50% and 30% respective reductions in shRNA-ANXA7-HepG2 cells migration. Furthermore, the control-shRNA-HepG2 cells and the un-manipulated-HepG2 cells invaded through the ECM-coated transwell plates two times more than the shRNA-ANXA7-HepG2 cells. We have found ANXA7 to be functioning like a tumour promoter in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and could have a potential as a therapeutic window into the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mohammed Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
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Ensenauer R, Fingerhut R, Schriever SC, Fink B, Becker M, Sellerer NC, Pagel P, Kirschner A, Dame T, Olgemöller B, Röschinger W, Roscher AA. In situ assay of fatty acid β-oxidation by metabolite profiling following permeabilization of cell membranes. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:1012-1020. [PMID: 22345709 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d022608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial FA β-oxidation (FAO) has drawn increasing interest for defining lipid-induced metabolic dysfunctions, such as in obesity-induced insulin resistance, and evaluating pharmacologic strategies to improve β-oxidation function. The aim was to develop a new assay to quantify β-oxidation function in intact mitochondria and with a low amount of cell material. Cell membranes of primary human fibroblasts were permeabilized with digitonin prior to a load with FFA substrate. Following 120 min of incubation, the various generated acylcarnitines were extracted from both cells and incubation medium by protein precipitation/desalting and subjected to solid-phase extraction. A panel of 30 acylcarnitines per well was quantified by MS/MS and normalized to citrate synthase activity to analyze mitochondrial metabolite flux. Pretreatment with bezafibrate and etomoxir revealed stimulating and inhibiting regulatory effects on β-oxidation function, respectively. In addition to the advantage of a much shorter assay time due to in situ permeabilization compared with whole-cell incubation systems, the method allows the detection of multiple acylcarnitines from an only limited amount of intact cells, particularly relevant to the use of primary cells. This novel approach facilitates highly sensitive, simple, and fast monitoring of pharmacological effects on FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ensenauer
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Laboratory Becker, Olgemöller and Colleagues, 81671 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja C Schriever
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Fink
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Becker
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Nina C Sellerer
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Pagel
- Lehrstuhl für Genomorientierte Bioinformatik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschner
- Lehrstuhl für Genomorientierte Bioinformatik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Torsten Dame
- Laboratory Becker, Olgemöller and Colleagues, 81671 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wulf Röschinger
- Laboratory Becker, Olgemöller and Colleagues, 81671 Munich, Germany
| | - Adelbert A Roscher
- Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
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16
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Xavier CP, Rastetter RH, Stumpf M, Rosentreter A, Müller R, Reimann J, Cornfine S, Linder S, van Vliet V, Hofmann A, Morgan RO, Fernandez MP, Schröder R, Noegel AA, Clemen CS. Structural and Functional Diversity of Novel Coronin 1C (CRN2) Isoforms in Muscle. J Mol Biol 2009; 393:287-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2008] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Abstract
Annexins comprise a conserved family of proteins characterised by their ability to bind and order charged phospholipids in membranes, often in response to elevated intracellular calcium. The family members (there are at least 12 in humans) have become specialised over evolutionary time and are involved in a diverse range of cellular functions both inside the cell and extracellularly Although a mutation in an annexin has never been categorically proven to be the cause of a disease state, they have been implicated in pathologies as diverse as autoimmunity, infection, heart disease, diabetes and cancer. 'Annexinopathies' were first described by Jacob H. Rand to describe the pathological sequelae in two disease states, the overexpression of annexin 2 in a patients with a haemorrhagic form of acute promyelocytic leukaemia, and the under-expression of annexin 5 on placental trophoblasts in the antiphospholipid syndrome. In this chapter we will outline some of the more recent observations in regard to these conditions, and describe the involvement of annexins in some other major causes of human morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hayes
- Div of Cell Biology, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London ECI V 9EL, UK
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18
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Lam WY, Leung KT, Law PTW, Lee SMY, Chan HLY, Fung KP, Ooi VEC, Waye MMY. Antiviral effect of Phyllanthus nanus ethanolic extract against hepatitis B virus (HBV) by expression microarray analysis. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:795-812. [PMID: 16237706 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus nanus (P. nanus) treatment exhibited potent antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus (HBV). The effects of these extracts on HBV in the HBV genome integrated cell lines--Alexander cells and HepG2 2.2.15 cells were examined. Experimental results showed that the ethanolic extract of P. nanus produced suppressive effect on HBsAg secretion and HBsAg mRNA expression. The extract also inhibited HBV replication as measured by HBV DNA level in vitro. In addition, using a duck HBV (DHBV) primary culture model, the P. nanus ethanolic extract suppressed viral replication of DHBV in DHBV infected primary duck hepatocytes. The gene expression pattern in Alexander cells that had been treated with the ethanolic extract of P. nanus was also revealed by microarray techniques. The microarray results indicated that there was up-regulation of expression of several genes, including annexin A7 (Axn7). The subcellular localization of Axn7 and anti-HBV effect of Axn7 over-expression in Alexander cells were also investigated. Results showed that expression of Axn7-GFP fusion protein are localized around the secretory vesicles and could cause a decrease in HBsAg secretion in Alexander cells. Axn7 protein might play an important role in the medicinal effect of the active principle(s) of P. nanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yip Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, The Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Watson WD, Srivastava M, Leighton X, Glasman M, Faraday M, Fossam LH, Pollard HB, Verma A. Annexin 7 mobilizes calcium from endoplasmic reticulum stores in brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2005; 1742:151-60. [PMID: 15590065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Revised: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of intracellular calcium from inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stores plays a prominent role in brain function. Mice heterozygous for the annexin A7 (Anx7) gene have a profound reduction in IP3 receptor function in pancreatic islets along with defective insulin secretion. We examined IP3-sensitive calcium pools in the brains of Anx7 (+/-) mice by utilizing ATP/Mg(2+)-dependent (45)Ca(2+) uptake into brain membrane preparations and tissue sections. Although the Anx7 (+/-) mouse brain displayed similar levels of IP3 binding sites and thapsigargin-sensitive (45)Ca(2+) uptake as that seen in wild-type mouse brain, the Anx7 (+/-) mouse brain Ca(2+) pools showed markedly reduced sensitivity to IP3. A potent and saturable Ca(2+)-releasing effect of recombinant ANX7 protein was demonstrated in mouse and rat brain membrane preparations, which was additive with that of IP3. We propose that ANX7 mobilizes Ca(2+) from an endoplasmic reticulum-like pool, which can be recruited to enhance IP3-mediated Ca(2+) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Watson
- Neurology Department, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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20
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Probst-Cousin S, Berghoff C, Neundörfer B, Heuss D. Annexin expression in inflammatory myopathies. Muscle Nerve 2004; 30:102-10. [PMID: 15221885 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the inflammatory myopathies is still unclear, making their treatment largely empirical. Improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory muscle injury may, however, lead to the development of more specific immunotherapies. To elucidate a possible pathogenic contribution of calcium-binding proteins such as the annexins, we immunohistochemically investigated muscle biopsy specimens from patients with dermatomyositis (10 cases), polymyositis (9 cases), and inclusion-body myositis (4 cases), compared to control cases comprising sarcoid myopathy (3 cases), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD; 4 cases), and normal muscle (3 cases). We found expression of annexins A1, A2, A4, and A6 in the vascular endothelium of all cases. Myofibers expressed annexins A5, A6, and A7 diffusely and weakly in the cytosol, whereas annexins A5 and A7 were also particularly localized to the sarcolemma. In the inflammatory myopathies, in areas of myonecrosis in DMD, and in granulomatous lesions of sarcoid myopathy, reactivity of annexins A1, A2, A4, A5, and A6 was observed in macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Whereas the latter annexins appear to be nonspecific indicators of activation, annexin A1 upregulation may represent endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanisms that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Probst-Cousin
- Center of Neuromuscular Disorders, Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Padmakumar VC, Abraham S, Braune S, Noegel AA, Tunggal B, Karakesisoglou I, Korenbaum E. Enaptin, a giant actin-binding protein, is an element of the nuclear membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Exp Cell Res 2004; 295:330-9. [PMID: 15093733 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2003] [Revised: 12/29/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Enaptin belongs to a family of recently identified giant proteins that associate with the F-actin cytoskeleton as well as the nuclear membrane. It is composed of an N-terminal alpha-actinin type actin-binding domain (ABD) followed by a long coiled coil rod and a transmembrane domain at the C-terminus. The ABD binds to F-actin in vivo and in vitro and leads to bundle formation. The human Enaptin gene spreads over 515 kb and gives rise to several splicing isoforms (Nesprin-1, Myne-1, Syne-1, CPG2). The longest assembled cDNA encompasses 27,669 bp and predicts a 1014 kDa protein. Antibodies against the ABD of Enaptin localise the protein at F-actin-rich structures throughout the cell and in focal contacts as well as at the nuclear envelope. In COS7 cells, the protein is also present within the nuclear compartment. With the discovery of the actin-binding properties of Enaptin and the highly homologous Nuance, we define a family of proteins that integrate the cytoskeleton with the nucleoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Padmakumar
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, FRG Germany
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22
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Spoerl Z, Stumpf M, Noegel AA, Hasse A. Oligomerization, F-actin interaction, and membrane association of the ubiquitous mammalian coronin 3 are mediated by its carboxyl terminus. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:48858-67. [PMID: 12377779 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205136200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronin 3 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the coronin protein family in mammals. In fibroblasts and HEK 293 cells, it is localized both in the cytosol and in the submembranous cytoskeleton, especially at lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. The carboxyl terminus of all coronins contains a coiled coil suggested to mediate dimerization. We show here that in contrast to other coronin homologues, the recombinant human coronin 3 carboxyl terminus forms oligomers rather than dimers, and that this part is sufficient to bind to and cross-link F-actin in vitro. The carboxyl terminus alone also conferred membrane association in vivo, and removal of the coiled coil abolished membrane localization but not in vitro F-actin binding. Coronin 3 is exclusively extracted as an oligomer from both the cytosol and the membrane fraction. Because oligomerization was not reported for other coronins, it might be a key feature governing coronin 3-specific functions. Cytosolic coronin 3 showed a high degree of phosphorylation, which is likely to regulate the subcellular localization of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Spoerl
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, D-50931 Köln, Germany
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23
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Zhen YY, Libotte T, Munck M, Noegel AA, Korenbaum E. NUANCE, a giant protein connecting the nucleus and actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2002; 115:3207-22. [PMID: 12118075 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.115.15.3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NUANCE (NUcleus and ActiN Connecting Element) was identified as a novel protein with an α-actinin-like actin-binding domain. A human 21.8 kb cDNA of NUANCE spreads over 373 kb on chromosome 14q22.1-q22.3. The cDNA sequence predicts a 796 kDa protein with an N-terminal actin-binding domain, a central coiled-coil rod domain and a predicted C-terminal transmembrane domain. High levels of NUANCE mRNA were detected in the kidney, liver,stomach, placenta, spleen, lymphatic nodes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. At the subcellular level NUANCE is present predominantly at the outer nuclear membrane and in the nucleoplasm. Domain analysis shows that the actin-binding domain binds to Factin in vitro and colocalizes with the actin cytoskeleton in vivo as a GFP-fusion protein. The C-terminal transmembrane domain is responsible for the targeting the nuclear envelope. Thus, NUANCE is the firstα-actinin-related protein that has the potential to link the microfilament system with the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yi Zhen
- Institute for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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24
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Herr C, Smyth N, Ullrich S, Yun F, Sasse P, Hescheler J, Fleischmann B, Lasek K, Brixius K, Schwinger RH, Fässler R, Schröder R, Noegel AA. Loss of annexin A7 leads to alterations in frequency-induced shortening of isolated murine cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:4119-28. [PMID: 11390641 PMCID: PMC87073 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.13.4119-4128.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A7 has been proposed to function in the fusion of vesicles, acting as a Ca(2+) channel and as Ca(2+)-activated GTPase, thus inducing Ca(2+)/GTP-dependent secretory events. To understand the function of annexin A7, we have performed targeted disruption of the Anxa7 gene in mice. Matings between heterozygous mice produced offspring showing a normal Mendelian pattern of inheritance, indicating that the loss of annexin A7 did not interfere with viability in utero. Mice lacking annexin A7 showed no obvious phenotype and were fertile. To assay for exocytosis, insulin secretion from isolated islets of Langerhans was examined. Ca(2+)-induced and cyclic AMP-mediated potentiation of insulin secretion was unchanged in the absence of annexin A7, suggesting that it is not directly implicated in vesicle fusion. Ca(2+) regulation studied in isolated cardiomyocytes, showed that while cells from early embryos displayed intact Ca(2+) homeostasis and expressed all of the components required for excitation-contraction coupling, cardiomyocytes from adult Anxa7(-/-) mice exhibited an altered cell shortening-frequency relationship when stimulated with high frequencies. This suggests a function for annexin A7 in electromechanical coupling, probably through Ca(2+) homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Herr
- Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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25
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Clemen CS, Herr C, Lie AA, Noegel AA, Schröder R. Annexin VII: an astroglial protein exhibiting a Ca2+-dependent subcellular distribution. Neuroreport 2001; 12:1139-44. [PMID: 11338180 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200105080-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental issue in neuronal and glial cells is how intracellular rises in Ca2+ are coupled to signaling cascades and changes in subcellular morphology. We studied the expression and localization of annexin VII (synexin), a Ca(2+)-/GTP-dependent membrane fusion protein, in the human CNS. Here, we demonstrate the presence of two annexin VII isoforms (47 and 51 kDa) in human brain tissue as well as its exclusive expression in astroglial cells. An in vitro study of astrocyte-derived C6 rat glioblastoma cells expressing a GFP tagged annexin VII fusion protein demonstrates a sequential redistribution of the fusion protein in response to rising intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Our findings indicate a role of annexin VII in the regulation of intracellular Ca(2+)-dependent processes in astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Clemen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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26
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Chander A, Sen N, Spitzer AR. Synexin and GTP increase surfactant secretion in permeabilized alveolar type II cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001; 280:L991-8. [PMID: 11290524 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.2001.280.5.l991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously suggested that synexin (annexin VII), a Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding protein, may have a role in surfactant secretion, since it promotes membrane fusion between isolated lamellar bodies (the surfactant-containing organelles) and plasma membranes. In this study, we investigated whether exogenous synexin can augment surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PC) secretion in synexin-deficient lung epithelial type II cells. Isolated rat type II cells were cultured for 20-22 h with [(3)H]choline to label cellular PC. The cells were then treated with beta-escin, which forms pores in the cell membrane and releases cytoplasmic proteins including synexin. These cells, however, retained lamellar bodies. The permeabilized type II cells were evaluated for PC secretion during a 30-min incubation. Compared with PC secretion under basal conditions, the presence of Ca(2+) (up to 10 microM) did not increase PC secretion. In the presence of 1 microM Ca(2+), synexin increased PC secretion in a concentration-dependent manner, which reached a maximum at approximately 5 microg/ml synexin. The secretagogue effect of synexin was abolished when synexin was inactivated by heat treatment (30 min at 65 degrees C) or by treatment with synexin antibodies. GTP or its nonhydrolyzable analog beta:gamma-imidoguanosine-5'-triphosphate also increased PC secretion in permeabilized type II cells. The PC secretion was further increased in an additive manner when a maximally effective concentration of synexin was added in the presence of 1 mM GTP, suggesting that GTP acts by a synexin-independent mechanism to increase membrane fusion. Thus our results support a direct role for synexin in surfactant secretion. Our study also suggests that membrane fusion during surfactant secretion may be mediated by two independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chander
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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27
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Lecat S, Verkade P, Thiele C, Fiedler K, Simons K, Lafont F. Different properties of two isoforms of annexin XIII in MDCK cells. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 ( Pt 14):2607-18. [PMID: 10862718 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.14.2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins form a family of proteins that are widely expressed and known to bind membranes in the presence of calcium. Two isoforms of the annexin XIII subfamily are expressed in epithelia. We previously reported that annexin XIIIb is apically localized in MDCK cells and that it is involved in raft-mediated delivery of apical proteins. We have now analyzed the properties of annexin XIIIa, which differs from annexin XIIIb by a deletion of 41 amino acids in the amino-terminal domain, and is distributed both apically and basolaterally. Annexin XIIIa binding to membranes is independent of calcium but requires its myristoyl amino-terminal modification, as observed with annexin XIIIb. Our biochemical and functional data show that annexin XIIIa behaves differently in the apical and in the basolateral compartments. Whereas annexin XIIIa apically can associate with rafts independently of calcium, the basolateral pool requires calcium for this. Annexin XIIIa, like annexin XIIIb, stimulates apical transport of influenza virus hemagglutinin but, in contrast, only annexin XIIIa inhibits basolateral transport of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Our results suggest that annexin XIIIa and XIIIb have specific roles in epithelial cells, and because of their structural similarities, these isoforms offer interesting tools for unravelling the functions of annexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lecat
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Berchtold MW, Brinkmeier H, Müntener M. Calcium ion in skeletal muscle: its crucial role for muscle function, plasticity, and disease. Physiol Rev 2000; 80:1215-65. [PMID: 10893434 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscle shows an enormous variability in its functional features such as rate of force production, resistance to fatigue, and energy metabolism, with a wide spectrum from slow aerobic to fast anaerobic physiology. In addition, skeletal muscle exhibits high plasticity that is based on the potential of the muscle fibers to undergo changes of their cytoarchitecture and composition of specific muscle protein isoforms. Adaptive changes of the muscle fibers occur in response to a variety of stimuli such as, e.g., growth and differentition factors, hormones, nerve signals, or exercise. Additionally, the muscle fibers are arranged in compartments that often function as largely independent muscular subunits. All muscle fibers use Ca(2+) as their main regulatory and signaling molecule. Therefore, contractile properties of muscle fibers are dependent on the variable expression of proteins involved in Ca(2+) signaling and handling. Molecular diversity of the main proteins in the Ca(2+) signaling apparatus (the calcium cycle) largely determines the contraction and relaxation properties of a muscle fiber. The Ca(2+) signaling apparatus includes 1) the ryanodine receptor that is the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release channel, 2) the troponin protein complex that mediates the Ca(2+) effect to the myofibrillar structures leading to contraction, 3) the Ca(2+) pump responsible for Ca(2+) reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and 4) calsequestrin, the Ca(2+) storage protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In addition, a multitude of Ca(2+)-binding proteins is present in muscle tissue including parvalbumin, calmodulin, S100 proteins, annexins, sorcin, myosin light chains, beta-actinin, calcineurin, and calpain. These Ca(2+)-binding proteins may either exert an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered muscle contraction under certain conditions or modulate other muscle activities such as protein metabolism, differentiation, and growth. Recently, several Ca(2+) signaling and handling molecules have been shown to be altered in muscle diseases. Functional alterations of Ca(2+) handling seem to be responsible for the pathophysiological conditions seen in dystrophinopathies, Brody's disease, and malignant hyperthermia. These also underline the importance of the affected molecules for correct muscle performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Berchtold
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Tribolo S, Maroux S, Massey-Harroche D. Kidney proximal tubule cells: Epithelial cells without EGTA-extractable annexins? Biochem Cell Biol 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/o00-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression and the subcellular localizations of annexins I, II, IV, VI, and XIII in renal epithelial cells were investigated, using immunological techniques with specific monoclonal antibodies. Upon performing Western blotting experiments, no annexins VI and XIII were detected in kidney, whereas annexins I, II, and IV were. Immunofluorescence labelling procedure performed on thin frozen renal sections showed the presence of these three annexins along the plasma membrane of the collecting duct cells with a restricted expression of annexin I at principal cells. Annexin I was also found present in some glomerular cells. None of these annexins, however, were detected in the proximal tubular cells upon performing immunofluorescence labelling and electrophoretic analysis on an EGTA (ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid)-extractable annexin fraction prepared from freshly isolated cells. This is the first time a mammalian epithelial cell has been found to express non-typical annexin (at least partly solubilized with EGTA). However, when these cells were grown in primary culture, they were found to express annexins I, II, IV, and V. As well as being located along the basolateral membrane, annexins I and II are also present on vesicles, which suggests that these annexins may be involved in vesicular traffic under cell culture conditions.Key words: annexin, kidney, proximal tubule, primary culture.
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Kataoka TR, Ito A, Asada H, Watabe K, Nishiyama K, Nakamoto K, Itami S, Yoshikawa K, Ito M, Nojima H, Kitamura Y. Annexin VII as a novel marker for invasive phenotype of malignant melanoma. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:75-83. [PMID: 10744047 PMCID: PMC5926233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00862.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both F10 and BL6 sublines of B16 mouse melanoma cells are metastatic after intravenous injection, but only BL6 cells are metastatic after subcutaneous injection. While examining the genetic difference between the two sublines, we found a marked reduction of annexin VII expression in BL6 cells. In addition, fusion cell clones of both sublines were as poorly metastatic as F10 cells after subcutaneous injection, and contained the annexin VII message as abundantly as F10 cells. Hence, we examined whether the annexin VII expression was correlated with the less malignant phenotype of clinical cases by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivities to anti-annexin VII antibody in melanoma cells were evaluated quantitatively by using skin mast cells as an internal positive control. Eighteen patients with malignant melanoma were divided into two groups: lymph node metastasis-negative and positive groups. The ratio of numbers of patients positive versus negative to the antibody was significantly larger in the former than in the latter group. These results not only indicated that annexin VII serves as a marker for less invasive phenotype of malignant melanoma, but also suggested a possible role of annexin VII in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita
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Meyers MB, Puri TS, Chien AJ, Gao T, Hsu PH, Hosey MM, Fishman GI. Sorcin associates with the pore-forming subunit of voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:18930-5. [PMID: 9668070 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.30.18930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ release in muscle is governed by functional communication between the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channel and the intracellular Ca2+ release channel by processes that are incompletely understood. We previously showed that sorcin binds to cardiac Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptors and decreases channel open probability in planar lipid bilayers. In addition, we showed that sorcin antibody immunoprecipitates ryanodine receptors from metabolically labeled cardiac myocytes along with a second protein having a molecular weight similar to that of the alpha1 subunit of cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels. We now demonstrate that sorcin biochemically associates with cardiac and skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channels specifically within the cytoplasmically oriented C-terminal region of the alpha1 subunits, providing evidence that the second protein recovered by sorcin antibody from cardiac myocytes was the 240-kDa L-type Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunit. Anti-sorcin antibody immunoprecipitated full-length alpha1 subunits from cardiac myocytes, C2C12 myotubes, and transfected non-muscle cells expressing alpha1 subunits. In contrast, the anti-sorcin antibody did not immunoprecipitate C-terminal truncated forms of alpha1 subunits that were detected in myotubes. Recombinant sorcin bound to cardiac and skeletal HIS6-tagged alpha1 C termini immobilized on Ni2+ resin. Additionally, anti-sorcin antibody immunoprecipitated C-terminal fragments of the cardiac alpha1 subunit exogenously expressed in mammalian cells. The results identified a putative sorcin binding domain within the C terminus of the alpha1 subunit. These observations, along with the demonstration that sorcin accumulated substantially during physiological maturation of the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus in developing postnatal rat heart and differentiating C2C12 muscle cells, suggest that sorcin may mediate interchannel communication during excitation-contraction coupling in heart and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Meyers
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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Barwise JL, Walker JH. Annexins II, IV, V and VI relocate in response to rises in intracellular calcium in human foreskin fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 1996; 109 ( Pt 1):247-55. [PMID: 8834809 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.109.1.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are a family of proteins implicated in a number of cellular processes involving calcium. We studied annexins I, II, IV, V and VI and found that they are all present in human foreskin fibroblasts and, from immunocytochemical studies, have distinct locations in the cell. Only annexin IV and annexin V have unstructured cytoplasmic staining patterns consistent with predominantly cytosolic locations. Annexin VI partially colocalizes with the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, annexins I and II are both associated with the plasma membrane with annexin II having a very homogeneous staining compared with the punctate pattern observed for annexin I. Annexins I, IV and V are all present in the nucleus at higher concentrations than in the cytoplasm. Treatment of cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 to raise intracellular calcium, results in relocations of annexin II, IV, V and VI. Intranuclear annexins IV and V relocate to the nuclear membrane whereas the cytosolic pools of these annexins relocate to the plasma membrane. Annexin II relocates to granular structures at the plasma membrane whereas annexin VI relocates to a more homogeneous distribution on the plasma membrane. These results are consistent with an important role for annexins in mediating the calcium signal at the plasma membrane and within the nuclei of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Barwise
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds, UK
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Mohiti J, Caswell AM, Walker JH. Calcium-induced relocation of annexins IV and V in the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63. Mol Membr Biol 1995; 12:321-9. [PMID: 8747277 DOI: 10.3109/09687689509072434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In cell culture, human osteoblasts and the osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 express annexins I, II, IV, V and VI. Small proportions of annexins IV and V are lost from MG-63 cells into the culture medium in a sedimentable form. however, the bulk of these annexins is intracellular. In non-confluent cells 3 days after passaging, annexin IV and annexin V are strongly present throughout the nucleus and are also present in the cytoplasm. On elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration with the lonophore ionomycin, the intranuclear pools of annexin IV in 38 +/- 4% of cells and annexin V in 70 +/- 5% of cells show relocation to the nuclear membrane within 40 s. Extracellular ATP, which causes a transient increase in the cytosolic free calcium concentration by acting at P2-purinoceptors, also causes relocation of the intranuclear pool of annexin IV in 22 +/- 4% of cells and of annexin V in 38 +/- 8% of cells. After stimulation no significant reversal of the relocation is observed. Elevation of intracellular calcium with ionophore and ATP also causes relocation of the cytoplasmic pools of annexins IV and V. The results support a role for annexins at cellular membranes in response to elevation of cytosolic calcium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mohiti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
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Döring V, Veretout F, Albrecht R, Mühlbauer B, Schlatterer C, Schleicher M, Noegel AA. The in vivo role of annexin VII (synexin): characterization of an annexin VII-deficient Dictyostelium mutant indicates an involvement in Ca(2+)-regulated processes. J Cell Sci 1995; 108 ( Pt 5):2065-76. [PMID: 7657724 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.108.5.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum cells harbor two annexin VII isoforms of 47 and 51 kDa which are present throughout development. In immunofluorescence and cell fractionation studies annexin VII was found in the cytoplasm and on the plasma membrane. In gene disruption mutants lacking both annexin VII isoforms growth, pinocytosis, phagocytosis, chemotaxis and motility were not significantly impaired under routine laboratory conditions, and the cells were able to complete the developmental cycle on bacterial plates. On non-nutrient agar plates development was delayed by three to four hours and a significant number of aggregates was no longer able to form fruiting bodies. Exocytosis as determined by measuring extracellular cAMP phosphodiesterase, alpha-fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase activity was unaltered, the total amounts of these enzymes were however lower in the mutant than in the wild type. The mutant cells were markedly impaired when they were exposed to low Ca2+ concentrations by adding EGTA to the nutrient medium. Under these conditions growth, motility and chemotaxis were severely affected. The Ca2+ concentrations were similar in mutant and wild-type cells both under normal and Ca2+ limiting conditions; however, the distribution was altered under low Ca2+ conditions in SYN-cells. The data suggest that annexin VII is not required for membrane fusion events but rather contributes to proper Ca2+ homeostasis in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Döring
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Martinsried, FRG
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