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Dakilah I, Harb A, Abu-Gharbieh E, El-Huneidi W, Taneera J, Hamoudi R, Semreen MH, Bustanji Y. Potential of CDC25 phosphatases in cancer research and treatment: key to precision medicine. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1324001. [PMID: 38313315 PMCID: PMC10834672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1324001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The global burden of cancer continues to rise, underscoring the urgency of developing more effective and precisely targeted therapies. This comprehensive review explores the confluence of precision medicine and CDC25 phosphatases in the context of cancer research. Precision medicine, alternatively referred to as customized medicine, aims to customize medical interventions by taking into account the genetic, genomic, and epigenetic characteristics of individual patients. The identification of particular genetic and molecular drivers driving cancer helps both diagnostic accuracy and treatment selection. Precision medicine utilizes sophisticated technology such as genome sequencing and bioinformatics to elucidate genetic differences that underlie the proliferation of cancer cells, hence facilitating the development of customized therapeutic interventions. CDC25 phosphatases, which play a crucial role in governing the progression of the cell cycle, have garnered significant attention as potential targets for cancer treatment. The dysregulation of CDC25 is a characteristic feature observed in various types of malignancies, hence classifying them as proto-oncogenes. The proteins in question, which operate as phosphatases, play a role in the activation of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), so promoting the advancement of the cell cycle. CDC25 inhibitors demonstrate potential as therapeutic drugs for cancer treatment by specifically blocking the activity of CDKs and modulating the cell cycle in malignant cells. In brief, precision medicine presents a potentially fruitful option for augmenting cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment, with an emphasis on individualized care predicated upon patients' genetic and molecular profiles. The review highlights the significance of CDC25 phosphatases in the advancement of cancer and identifies them as promising candidates for therapeutic intervention. This statement underscores the significance of doing thorough molecular profiling in order to uncover the complex molecular characteristics of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Dakilah
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amani Harb
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Eman Abu-Gharbieh
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waseem El-Huneidi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalal Taneera
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasser Bustanji
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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2
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El Dika M, Dudka D, Kloc M, Kubiak JZ. CDC6 as a Key Inhibitory Regulator of CDK1 Activation Dynamics and the Timing of Mitotic Entry and Progression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:855. [PMID: 37372141 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Timely mitosis is critically important for early embryo development. It is regulated by the activity of the conserved protein kinase CDK1. The dynamics of CDK1 activation must be precisely controlled to assure physiologic and timely entry into mitosis. Recently, a known S-phase regulator CDC6 emerged as a key player in mitotic CDK1 activation cascade in early embryonic divisions, operating together with Xic1 as a CDK1 inhibitor upstream of the Aurora A and PLK1, both CDK1 activators. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie the control of mitotic timing, with special emphasis on how CDC6/Xic1 function impacts CDK1 regulatory network in the Xenopus system. We focus on the presence of two independent mechanisms inhibiting the dynamics of CDK1 activation, namely Wee1/Myt1- and CDC6/Xic1-dependent, and how they cooperate with CDK1-activating mechanisms. As a result, we propose a comprehensive model integrating CDC6/Xic1-dependent inhibition into the CDK1-activation cascade. The physiological dynamics of CDK1 activation appear to be controlled by the system of multiple inhibitors and activators, and their integrated modulation ensures concomitantly both the robustness and certain flexibility of the control of this process. Identification of multiple activators and inhibitors of CDK1 upon M-phase entry allows for a better understanding of why cells divide at a specific time and how the pathways involved in the timely regulation of cell division are all integrated to precisely tune the control of mitotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Dika
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, UVM Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Damian Dudka
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute (WIM-PIB), Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
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3
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Ferencova I, Vaskovicova M, Drutovic D, Knoblochova L, Macurek L, Schultz RM, Solc P. CDC25B is required for the metaphase I-metaphase II transition in mouse oocytes. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274615. [PMID: 35237831 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are arrested at meiotic prophase I. The dual-specificity phosphatase CDC25B is essential for cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activation that drives resumption of meiosis. CDC25B reverses the inhibitory effect of the protein kinases WEE1/MYT1 on CDK1 activation. Cdc25b-/- female mice are infertile because oocytes cannot activate CDK1. To identify a role for CDC25B following resumption of meiosis, we restored CDK1 activation in Cdc25b-/- oocytes by inhibiting WEE1/MYT1, or expressing EGFP-CDC25A or constitutively active EGFP-CDK1 from microinjected cRNAs. Forced CDK1 activation in Cdc25b-/- oocytes allowed resumption of meiosis, but oocytes mostly arrested at metaphase I (MI) with intact spindles. Similarly, ∼1/3 of Cdc25b+/- oocytes with reduced amount of CDC25B arrest in MI. MI arrested Cdc25b-/- oocytes also display a transient decrease in CDK1 activity similar to Cdc25b+/+ oocytes during the MI-MII transition, whereas Cdc25b+/- oocytes exhibit only a partial APC/C activation and anaphase I entry. Thus, CDC25B is necessary for resumption of meiosis and the MI-MII transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ferencova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.,Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Vaskovicova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - David Drutovic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Knoblochova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard M Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Petr Solc
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
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4
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Roy S, Rangasamy L, Nouar A, Koenig C, Pierroz V, Kaeppeli S, Ferrari S, Patra M, Gasser G. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Metallocene-Tethered Peptidyl Inhibitors of CDC25. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Loganathan Rangasamy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assia Nouar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Koenig
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Pierroz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kaeppeli
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malay Patra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005 Mumbai, India
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
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5
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Fernando M, Duijf PHG, Proctor M, Stevenson AJ, Ehmann A, Vora S, Skalamera D, Adams M, Gabrielli B. Dysregulated G2 phase checkpoint recovery pathway reduces DNA repair efficiency and increases chromosomal instability in a wide range of tumours. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:41. [PMID: 33993200 PMCID: PMC8124070 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective DNA repair is being demonstrated to be a useful target in cancer treatment. Currently, defective repair is identified by specific gene mutations, however defective repair is a common feature of cancers without these mutations. DNA damage triggers cell cycle checkpoints that are responsible for co-ordinating cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Defects in checkpoint signalling components such as ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) occur in a low proportion of cancers and are responsible for reduced DNA repair and increased genomic instability. Here we have investigated the AURKA-PLK1 cell cycle checkpoint recovery pathway that is responsible for exit from the G2 phase cell cycle checkpoint arrest. We demonstrate that dysregulation of PP6 and AURKA maintained elevated PLK1 activation to promote premature exit from only ATM, and not ATR-dependent checkpoint arrest. Surprisingly, depletion of the B55α subunit of PP2A that negatively regulates PLK1 was capable of overcoming ATM and ATR checkpoint arrests. Dysregulation of the checkpoint recovery pathway reduced S/G2 phase DNA repair efficiency and increased genomic instability. We found a strong correlation between dysregulation of the PP6-AURKA-PLK1-B55α checkpoint recovery pathway with signatures of defective homologous recombination and increased chromosomal instability in several cancer types. This work has identified an unrealised source of G2 phase DNA repair defects and chromosomal instability that are likely to be sensitive to treatments targeting defective repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madushan Fernando
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina Proctor
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Anna Ehmann
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shivam Vora
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dubravka Skalamera
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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6
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Chen YC, Hsieh HH, Chang HC, Wang HC, Lin WJ, Lin JJ. CDC25B induces cellular senescence and correlates with tumor suppression in a p53-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100564. [PMID: 33745968 PMCID: PMC8054198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase cell division cycle 25B (Cdc25B) regulates cell cycle progression. Increased Cdc25B levels are often detected in cancer cell lines and human cancers and have been implicated in contributing to tumor growth, potentially by providing cancer cells with the ability to bypass checkpoint controls. However, the specific mechanism by which increased Cdc25B impacts tumor progression is not clear. Here we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and found that patients with high CDC25B expression had the expected poor survival. However, we also found that high CDC25B expression had a p53-dependent tumor suppressive effect in lung cancer and possibly several other cancer types. Looking in more detail at the tumor suppressive function of Cdc25B, we found that increased Cdc25B expression caused inhibition of cell growth in human normal fibroblasts. This effect was not due to alteration of specific cell cycle stage or inhibition of apoptosis, nor by induction of the DNA damage response. Instead, increased CDC25B expression led cells into senescence. We also found that p53 was required to induce senescence, which might explain the p53-dependent tumor suppressive function of Cdc25B. Mechanistically, we found that the Cdc25B phosphatase activity was required to induce senescence. Further analysis also found that Cdc25B stabilized p53 through binding and dephosphorylating p53. Together, this study identified a tumor-suppressive function of Cdc25B that is mediated through a p53-dependent senescence pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chi Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chiao Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Jinq Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Jer Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Crncec A, Hochegger H. Triggering mitosis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2868-2888. [PMID: 31602636 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Entry into mitosis is triggered by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). This simple reaction rapidly and irreversibly sets the cell up for division. Even though the core step in triggering mitosis is so simple, the regulation of this cellular switch is highly complex, involving a large number of interconnected signalling cascades. We do have a detailed knowledge of most of the components of this network, but only a poor understanding of how they work together to create a precise and robust system that ensures that mitosis is triggered at the right time and in an orderly fashion. In this review, we will give an overview of the literature that describes the Cdk1 activation network and then address questions relating to the systems biology of this switch. How is the timing of the trigger controlled? How is mitosis insulated from interphase? What determines the sequence of events, following the initial trigger of Cdk1 activation? Which elements ensure robustness in the timing and execution of the switch? How has this system been adapted to the high levels of replication stress in cancer cells?
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana Crncec
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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8
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Cerchia C, Nasso R, Mori M, Villa S, Gelain A, Capasso A, Aliotta F, Simonetti M, Rullo R, Masullo M, De Vendittis E, Ruocco MR, Lavecchia A. Discovery of Novel Naphthylphenylketone and Naphthylphenylamine Derivatives as Cell Division Cycle 25B (CDC25B) Phosphatase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Inhibition Mechanism, and in Vitro Efficacy against Melanoma Cell Lines. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7089-7110. [PMID: 31294975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CDC25 phosphatases play a critical role in the regulation of the cell cycle and thus represent attractive cancer therapeutic targets. We previously discovered the 4-(2-carboxybenzoyl)phthalic acid (NSC28620) as a new CDC25 inhibitor endowed with promising anticancer activity in breast, prostate, and leukemia cells. Herein, we report a structure-based optimization of NSC28620, leading to the identification of a series of novel naphthylphenylketone and naphthylphenylamine derivatives as CDC25B inhibitors. Compounds 7j, 7i, 6e, 7f, and 3 showed higher inhibitory activity than the initial lead, with Ki values in the low micromolar range. Kinetic analysis, intrinsic fluorescence studies, and induced fit docking simulations provided a mechanistic understanding of the activity of these derivatives. All compounds were tested in the highly aggressive human melanoma cell lines A2058 and A375. Compound 4a potently inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, causing an increase of the G2/M phase and a reduction of the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Cerchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory , University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano, 49 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Rosarita Nasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples Federico II , Via S. Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy.,Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness , University of Naples "Parthenope" , 80133 Naples , Italy
| | - Matteo Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli, 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Stefania Villa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli, 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Arianna Gelain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Milan , Via Mangiagalli, 25 , 20133 Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandra Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples Federico II , Via S. Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Federica Aliotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples Federico II , Via S. Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Martina Simonetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples Federico II , Via S. Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Rosario Rullo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples Federico II , Via S. Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy.,Institute for the Animal Production Systems in the Mediterranean Environment , Via Argine 1085 , 80147 Naples , Italy
| | - Mariorosario Masullo
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness , University of Naples "Parthenope" , 80133 Naples , Italy
| | - Emmanuele De Vendittis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples Federico II , Via S. Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology , University of Naples Federico II , Via S. Pansini 5 , 80131 Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory , University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano, 49 , 80131 Naples , Italy
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9
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Moura M, Conde C. Phosphatases in Mitosis: Roles and Regulation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E55. [PMID: 30736436 PMCID: PMC6406801 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitosis requires extensive rearrangement of cellular architecture and of subcellular structures so that replicated chromosomes can bind correctly to spindle microtubules and segregate towards opposite poles. This process originates two new daughter nuclei with equal genetic content and relies on highly-dynamic and tightly regulated phosphorylation of numerous cell cycle proteins. A burst in protein phosphorylation orchestrated by several conserved kinases occurs as cells go into and progress through mitosis. The opposing dephosphorylation events are catalyzed by a small set of protein phosphatases, whose importance for the accuracy of mitosis is becoming increasingly appreciated. This review will focus on the established and emerging roles of mitotic phosphatases, describe their structural and biochemical properties, and discuss recent advances in understanding the regulation of phosphatase activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Moura
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Programa Doutoral em Biologia Molecular e Celular (MCbiology), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Conde
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Pharmacophore-guided discovery of CDC25 inhibitors causing cell cycle arrest and tumor regression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1335. [PMID: 30718768 PMCID: PMC6362118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CDC25 phosphatases play a key role in cell cycle transitions and are important targets for cancer therapy. Here, we set out to discover novel CDC25 inhibitors. Using a combination of computational methods, we defined a minimal common pharmacophore in established CDC25 inhibitors and performed virtual screening of a proprietary library. Based on the availability of crystal structures for CDC25A and CDC25B, we implemented a molecular docking strategy and carried out hit expansion/optimization. Enzymatic assays revealed that naphthoquinone scaffolds were the most promising CDC25 inhibitors among selected hits. At the molecular level, the compounds acted through a mixed-type mechanism of inhibition of phosphatase activity, involving reversible oxidation of cysteine residues. In 2D cell cultures, the compounds caused arrest of the cell cycle at the G1/S or at the G2/M transition. Mitotic markers analysis and time-lapse microscopy confirmed that CDK1 activity was impaired and that mitotic arrest was followed by death. Finally, the compounds induced differentiation, accompanied by decreased stemness properties, in intestinal crypt stem cell-derived Apc/K-Ras-mutant mouse organoids, and led to tumor regression and reduction of metastatic potential in zebrafish embryo xenografts used as in vivo model.
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11
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Lafarga V, Sung HM, Haneke K, Roessig L, Pauleau AL, Bruer M, Rodriguez-Acebes S, Lopez-Contreras AJ, Gruss OJ, Erhardt S, Mendez J, Fernandez-Capetillo O, Stoecklin G. TIAR marks nuclear G2/M transition granules and restricts CDK1 activity under replication stress. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46224. [PMID: 30538118 PMCID: PMC6322364 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The G2/M checkpoint coordinates DNA replication with mitosis and thereby prevents chromosome segregation in the presence of unreplicated or damaged DNA Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein TIAR is essential for the G2/M checkpoint and that TIAR accumulates in nuclear foci in late G2 and prophase in cells suffering from replication stress. These foci, which we named G2/M transition granules (GMGs), occur at low levels in normally cycling cells and are strongly induced by replication stress. In addition to replication stress response proteins, GMGs contain factors involved in RNA metabolism as well as CDK1. Depletion of TIAR accelerates mitotic entry and leads to chromosomal instability in response to replication stress, in a manner that can be alleviated by the concomitant depletion of Cdc25B or inhibition of CDK1. Since TIAR retains CDK1 in GMGs and attenuates CDK1 activity, we propose that the assembly of GMGs may represent a so far unrecognized mechanism that contributes to the activation of the G2/M checkpoint in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Lafarga
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hsu-Min Sung
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Haneke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Roessig
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Pauleau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marius Bruer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Andres J Lopez-Contreras
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- CellNetworks Excellence Cluster, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Erhardt
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy Aging University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan Mendez
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Biochemistry, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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12
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Ha GS, Lee CM, Kim CW. Development of a Novel Nonradioisotopic Assay and Cdc25B Overexpression Cell Lines for Use in Screening for Cdc25B Inhibitors. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:995-1003. [PMID: 30187708 PMCID: PMC6127434 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.8.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and cyclin B complex performs important roles in the transition from the G2 to M phase in the cell cycle through removal of inhibitory phosphates on Cdk1, and Cdc25B, which is a dual-specific phosphatase, mediates these dephosphorylation events. However, measuring Cdc25B activity by existing methods is hampered by inadequate nonspecific substrates and the need to use a radiolabeled isotope. The present study aimed to develop an improved method with which to properly measure Cdc25B activity using a novel nonradioisotopic assay and Cdc25B overexpression cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nonradioisotopic Cdk1 kinase assay, based on Western blotting for retinoblastoma protein and histone H1, was used to analyze Cdc25B activity. Also, stable Cdc25B2 and Cdc25B3 overexpression HeLa cell lines were constructed using the tetracycline-regulated expression system and were applied as a tool for screening for inhibitors of Cdc25B. RESULTS The present study developed and optimized a nonradioisotopic assay method to properly measure Cdc25B activity. Furthermore, we constructed stable Cdc25B2 and Cdc25B3 overexpression HeLa cell lines for the establishment of a strong assay system with which to evaluate the specificity of Cdc25B inhibitors under conditions similar to the intracellular environment. These methods were confirmed as useful tools for measuring Cdc25B activity. CONCLUSION The nonradioisotopic Cdk1 kinase assay and Cdc25B overexpression cell lines developed in this study can be conveniently used as tools for screening inhibitors of Cdc25B phosphatase as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyong Sik Ha
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, CJ Healthcare R&D Center, CJ HealthCare, Icheon, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chung Min Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, CJ Healthcare R&D Center, CJ HealthCare, Icheon, Korea
- Graduate Program in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Vaccine Translational Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Wha Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Zwergel C, Czepukojc B, Evain-Bana E, Xu Z, Stazi G, Mori M, Patsilinakos A, Mai A, Botta B, Ragno R, Bagrel D, Kirsch G, Meiser P, Jacob C, Montenarh M, Valente S. Novel coumarin- and quinolinone-based polycycles as cell division cycle 25-A and -C phosphatases inhibitors induce proliferation arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:316-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Cellular Dynamics Controlled by Phosphatases. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-016-0016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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CDC25 Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia-A Study of Patient Heterogeneity and the Effects of Different Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030446. [PMID: 28287460 PMCID: PMC6155411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) protein phosphatases regulate cell cycle progression through the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), but they are also involved in chromatin modulation and transcriptional regulation. CDC25 inhibition is regarded as a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We investigated the in vitro effects of CDC25 inhibitors on primary human AML cells derived from 79 unselected patients in suspension cultures. Both the previously well-characterized CDC25 inhibitor NSC95397, as well as five other inhibitors (BN82002 and the novel small molecular compounds ALX1, ALX2, ALX3, and ALX4), only exhibited antiproliferative effects for a subset of patients when tested alone. These antiproliferative effects showed associations with differences in genetic abnormalities and/or AML cell differentiation. However, the responders to CDC25 inhibition could be identified by analysis of global gene expression profiles. The differentially expressed genes were associated with the cytoskeleton, microtubules, and cell signaling. The constitutive release of 28 soluble mediators showed a wide variation among patients and this variation was maintained in the presence of CDC25 inhibition. Finally, NSC95397 had no or only minimal effects on AML cell viability. In conclusion, CDC25 inhibition has antiproliferative effects on primary human AML cells for a subset of patients, and these patients can be identified by gene expression profiling.
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16
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Lee YU, Son M, Kim J, Shim YH, Kawasaki I. CDC-25.2, a C. elegans ortholog of cdc25, is essential for the progression of intestinal divisions. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:654-66. [PMID: 27104746 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1146839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal divisions in Caenorhabditis elegans take place in 3 stages: (1) cell divisions during embryogenesis, (2) binucleations at the L1 stage, and (3) endoreduplications at the end of each larval stage. Here, we report that CDC-25.2, a C. elegans ortholog of Cdc25, is required for these specialized division cycles between the 16E cell stage and the onset of endoreduplication. Results of our genetic analyses suggest that CDC-25.2 regulates intestinal cell divisions and binucleations by counteracting WEE-1.3 and by activating the CDK-1/CYB-1 complex. CDC-25.2 activity is then repressed by LIN-23 E3 ubiquitin ligase before the onset of intestinal endoreduplication, and this repression is maintained by LIN-35, the C. elegans ortholog of Retinoblastoma (Rb). These findings indicate that timely regulation of CDC-25.2 activity is essential for the progression of specialized division cycles and development of the C. elegans intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Uk Lee
- a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Miseol Son
- a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.,b Current address: Laboratory of Genetics, BRC, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Yhong-Hee Shim
- a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawasaki
- a Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.,c Institute of KU Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
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17
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Cui C, Zang T, Cao Y, Qin X, Zhang X. CDC25B is involved in the centrosomal microtubule nucleation in two-cell stage mouse embryos. Dev Growth Differ 2016; 58:714-726. [PMID: 27885657 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
CDC25B has been demonstrated to activate the complex of CDK1/Cyclin B and trigger mitosis. We have recently demonstrated that p-CDC25B-Ser351 is located at the centrosomes of mouse oocytes and contributes to the release of mouse oocytes from prophase I arrest. But much less is known about CDC25B function at the centrosome in two-cell stage mouse embryos. Here we investigate the effect of CDC25B regulating the microtubules nucleation. Microinjection of anti-CDC25B antibody caused aberrant microtubule nucleation. In addition, embryos injected with anti-CDC25B antibody showed the marked absence of microtubule repolymerization and Nek2 foci after nocodazole washout. CDC25B overexpression caused microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) overduplication. Moreover, overexpression of CDC25B-▵65 mutant resulted in the loss of CDC25B localization in the perinuclear region and made CDC25B less efficient in inducing mitosis. We additionally identified that CDC25B is responsible for the pericentrin localization to the MTOC. Our data suggest an important role of CDC25B for microtubule nucleation and organization. N-terminal of CDC25B is required for regulating the microtubule dynamics and mitotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianxia Zang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110034, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Qin
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
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18
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Ligand-based chemoinformatic discovery of a novel small molecule inhibitor targeting CDC25 dual specificity phosphatases and displaying in vitro efficacy against melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40202-22. [PMID: 26474275 PMCID: PMC4741889 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CDC25 phosphatases are important regulators of the cell cycle and represent promising targets for anticancer drug discovery. We recently identified NSC 119915 as a new quinonoid CDC25 inhibitor with potent anticancer activity. In order to discover more active analogs of NSC 119915, we performed a range of ligand-based chemoinformatic methods against the full ZINC drug-like subset and the NCI lead-like set. Nine compounds (3, 5-9, 21, 24, and 25) were identified with Ki values for CDC25A, -B and -C ranging from 0.01 to 4.4 μM. One of these analogs, 7, showed a high antiproliferative effect on human melanoma cell lines, A2058 and SAN. Compound 7 arrested melanoma cells in G2/M, causing a reduction of the protein levels of CDC25A and, more consistently, of CDC25C. Furthermore, an intrinsic apoptotic pathway was induced, which was mediated by ROS, because it was reverted in the presence of antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Finally, 7 decreased the protein levels of phosphorylated Akt and increased those of p53, thus contributing to the regulation of chemosensitivity through the control of downstream Akt pathways in melanoma cells. Taken together, our data emphasize that CDC25 could be considered as a possible oncotarget in melanoma cells and that compound 7 is a small molecule CDC25 inhibitor that merits to be further evaluated as a chemotherapeutic agent for melanoma, likely in combination with other therapeutic compounds.
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19
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Human TRIB2 Oscillates during the Cell Cycle and Promotes Ubiquitination and Degradation of CDC25C. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091378. [PMID: 27563873 PMCID: PMC5037658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 2 (TRIB2) is a member of the mammalian Tribbles family of serine/threonine pseudokinases (TRIB1-3). Studies of TRIB2 indicate that many of the molecular interactions between the single Drosophila Tribbles (Trbl) protein and interacting partners are evolutionary conserved. In this study, we examined the relationship between TRIB2 and cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) family of dual-specificity protein phosphatases (mammalian homologues of Drosophila String), which are key physiological cell cycle regulators. Using co-immunoprecipitation we demonstrate that TRIB2 interacts with CDC25B and CDC25C selectively. Forced overexpression of TRIB2 caused a marked decrease in total CDC25C protein levels. Following inhibition of the proteasome, CDC25C was stabilized in the nuclear compartment. This implicates TRIB2 as a regulator of nuclear CDC25C turnover. In complementary ubiquitination assays, we show that TRIB2-mediated degradation of CDC25C is associated with lysine-48-linked CDC25C polyubiquitination driven by the TRIB2 kinase-like domain. A cell cycle associated role for TRIB2 is further supported by the cell cycle regulated expression of TRIB2 protein levels. Our findings reveal mitotic CDC25C as a new target of TRIB2 that is degraded via the ubiquitin proteasome system. Inappropriate CDC25C regulation could mechanistically underlie TRIB2 mediated regulation of cellular proliferation in neoplastic cells.
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20
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Liang J, Cao R, Zhang Y, Xia Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Wang L, Yang W, Lu Z. PKM2 dephosphorylation by Cdc25A promotes the Warburg effect and tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12431. [PMID: 27485204 PMCID: PMC4976202 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of human tumour cells overexpress the dual-specificity phosphatase Cdc25A. Cdc25A dephosphorylates cyclin-dependent kinase and regulates the cell cycle, but other substrates of Cdc25A and their relevant cellular functions have yet to be identified. We demonstrate here that EGFR activation results in c-Src-mediated Cdc25A phosphorylation at Y59, which interacts with nuclear pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Cdc25A dephosphorylates PKM2 at S37, and promotes PKM2-dependent β-catenin transactivation and c-Myc-upregulated expression of the glycolytic genes GLUT1, PKM2 and LDHA, and of CDC25A; thus, Cdc25A upregulates itself in a positive feedback loop. Cdc25A-mediated PKM2 dephosphorylation promotes the Warburg effect, cell proliferation and brain tumorigenesis. In addition, we identify positive correlations among Cdc25A Y59 phosphorylation, Cdc25A and PKM2 in human glioblastoma specimens. Furthermore, levels of Cdc25A Y59 phosphorylation correlate with grades of glioma malignancy and prognosis. These findings reveal an instrumental function of Cdc25A in controlling cell metabolism, which is essential for EGFR-promoted tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruixiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yanhua Zheng
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,The Institute of Cell Metabolism and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Cancer, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.,National Laboratory of Oncogene and Cancer Related Genes Foundation, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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21
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Ferrari S, Gentili C. Maintaining Genome Stability in Defiance of Mitotic DNA Damage. Front Genet 2016; 7:128. [PMID: 27493659 PMCID: PMC4954828 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of decisions affecting cell viability and proliferation is based on prompt detection of the issue to be addressed, formulation and transmission of a correct set of instructions and fidelity in the execution of orders. While the first and the last are purely mechanical processes relying on the faithful functioning of single proteins or macromolecular complexes (sensors and effectors), information is the real cue, with signal amplitude, duration, and frequency ultimately determining the type of response. The cellular response to DNA damage is no exception to the rule. In this review article we focus on DNA damage responses in G2 and Mitosis. First, we set the stage describing mitosis and the machineries in charge of assembling the apparatus responsible for chromosome alignment and segregation as well as the inputs that control its function (checkpoints). Next, we examine the type of issues that a cell approaching mitosis might face, presenting the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the correct and timely functioning of pathways correcting errors or damage before chromosome segregation. We conclude this essay with a perspective on the current status of mitotic signaling pathway inhibitors and their potential use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gentili
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Oakes V, Wang W, Harrington B, Lee WJ, Beamish H, Chia KM, Pinder A, Goto H, Inagaki M, Pavey S, Gabrielli B. Cyclin A/Cdk2 regulates Cdh1 and claspin during late S/G2 phase of the cell cycle. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3302-11. [PMID: 25485510 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.949111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas many components regulating the progression from S phase through G2 phase into mitosis have been identified, the mechanism by which these components control this critical cell cycle progression is still not fully elucidated. Cyclin A/Cdk2 has been shown to regulate the timing of Cyclin B/Cdk1 activation and progression into mitosis although the mechanism by which this occurs is only poorly understood. Here we show that depletion of Cyclin A or inhibition of Cdk2 during late S/early G2 phase maintains the G2 phase arrest by reducing Cdh1 transcript and protein levels, thereby stabilizing Claspin and maintaining elevated levels of activated Chk1 which contributes to the G2 phase observed. Interestingly, the Cyclin A/Cdk2 regulated APC/C(Cdh1) activity is selective for only a subset of Cdh1 targets including Claspin. Thus, a normal role for Cyclin A/Cdk2 during early G2 phase is to increase the level of Cdh1 which destabilises Claspin which in turn down regulates Chk1 activation to allow progression into mitosis. This mechanism links S phase exit with G2 phase transit into mitosis, provides a novel insight into the roles of Cyclin A/Cdk2 in G2 phase progression, and identifies a novel role for APC/C(Cdh1) in late S/G2 phase cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Oakes
- a The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute; Translational Research Institute ; Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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23
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Garcia PL, Miller AL, Kreitzburg KM, Council LN, Gamblin TL, Christein JD, Heslin MJ, Arnoletti JP, Richardson JH, Chen D, Hanna CA, Cramer SL, Yang ES, Qi J, Bradner JE, Yoon KJ. The BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppresses growth of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in patient-derived xenograft models. Oncogene 2015; 35:833-45. [PMID: 25961927 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patient-derived xenograft (tumorgraft) models. A secondary aim of the study was to evaluate whether JQ1 decreases expression of the oncogene c-Myc in PDAC tumors, as has been reported for other tumor types. We used five PDAC tumorgraft models that retain specific characteristics of tumors of origin to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of JQ1. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with JQ1 (50 mg/kg daily for 21 or 28 days). Expression analyses were performed with tumors harvested from host mice after treatment with JQ1 or vehicle control. An nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel (NanoString Technologies) of 230 cancer-related genes was used to identify gene products affected by JQ1. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblots were carried out to confirm that changes in RNA expression reflected changes in protein expression. JQ1 inhibited the growth of all five tumorgraft models (P<0.05), each of which harbors a KRAS mutation; but induced no consistent change in expression of c-Myc protein. Expression profiling identified CDC25B, a regulator of cell cycle progression, as one of the three RNA species (TIMP3, LMO2 and CDC25B) downregulated by JQ1 (P<0.05). Inhibition of tumor progression was more closely related to decreased expression of nuclear CDC25B than to changes in c-Myc expression. JQ1 and other agents that inhibit the function of proteins with bromodomains merit further investigation for treating PDAC tumors. Work is ongoing in our laboratory to identify effective drug combinations that include JQ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - A L Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K M Kreitzburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - L N Council
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - T L Gamblin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J D Christein
- Division of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery or Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M J Heslin
- Division of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery or Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J P Arnoletti
- Division of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery or Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J H Richardson
- Division of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery or Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - C A Hanna
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S L Cramer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K J Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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24
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Molnár J, Frank É, Minorics R, Kádár Z, Ocsovszki I, Schönecker B, Wölfling J, Zupkó I. A click approach to novel D-ring-substituted 16α-triazolylestrone derivatives and characterization of their antiproliferative properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118104. [PMID: 25692552 PMCID: PMC4333823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of novel, D-ring substituted estrone derivatives containing a 16α-triazolyl moiety is described. Two epimeric azido alcohols (16α-azido-17α-hydroxy and 16α-azido-17β-hydroxy) of estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-methyl ether were prepared, followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with various terminal alkynes. The steroidal triazoles were obtained in high yields and their activities against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF7 and A431) were screened. The most effective analogs were submitted to additional experiments in order to characterize their antiproliferative properties. As evidenced by flow cytometry, the selected steroids induced a disturbance in the HeLa cell cycle in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner, through an increase of the hypodiploid population (subG1) and a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. A noncancerous human fibroblast cell line (MRC5) was used to determine the selectivities of these compounds. Fluorescent microscopy after Hoechst 33258 - propidium iodide (HOPI) double staining revealed nuclear condensation and disturbed cell membrane integrity. The enhanced activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 without activation of caspase-8 in the treated cells indicated the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The levels of cell cycle regulators (CDK1, cyclin B1/B2 and cdc25B) were decreased and the ratio Bax/Bcl-2 was increased 24 h after the treatment of HeLa cells (determined at an mRNA level by means of an RT-PCR technique). Under the same conditions, two agents elicited substantially increased degrees of phosphorylation of stathmin, as evidenced by Western blotting. The presented results demonstrate that these steroids can be regarded as appropriate structural scaffolds for the design and synthesis of further steroid analogs as innovative drug candidates with good efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Molnár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bruno Schönecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: (JW); (IZ)
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: (JW); (IZ)
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25
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Song GQ, Zhao Y. MicroRNA-211, a direct negative regulator of CDC25B expression, inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cells' growth and migration. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5001-9. [PMID: 25680404 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have tissue- and disease-specific expression patterns. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been associated with initiation and progression of oncogenesis in humans. The abnormal expression of CDC25B phosphatases detected in a number of tumors implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. Using miRNA target prediction software, we found that miR-211 could target the 3'UTR sequence of CDC25B. To shed light on their roles of miR-211 in breast cancer, the expression of miR-211 was examined by real-time RT-PCR in breast cancer and normal tissues. MiR-211 is significantly downregulated in breast cancer. MiR-211 re-expression suppressed cell growth, cell cycle, migration, and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB231. Luciferase expression from a reporter vector containing the CDC25B -3'UTR was decreased when this construct was transfected with miR-211. The over-expression of miR-211 suppressed the endogenous CDC25B protein level in TNBC cells. For the first time, we demonstrate that miRNA-211 is a direct negative regulator of CDC25B expression in TNBC cells, alters other related target proteins CCNB1 and FOXM1, and then inhibits breast cancer cells growth, migration, and invasion and lead G2/M arrest. The transcriptional loss of miR-211 and the resultant increase in CDC25B expression facilitate increased genomic instability at an early stage of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Department of Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, People's Republic of China
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26
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Brenner AK, Reikvam H, Lavecchia A, Bruserud Ø. Therapeutic targeting the cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases in human acute myeloid leukemia--the possibility to target several kinases through inhibition of the various CDC25 isoforms. Molecules 2014; 19:18414-47. [PMID: 25397735 PMCID: PMC6270710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) phosphatases include CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. These three molecules are important regulators of several steps in the cell cycle, including the activation of various cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDC25s seem to have a role in the development of several human malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML); and CDC25 inhibition is therefore considered as a possible anticancer strategy. Firstly, upregulation of CDC25A can enhance cell proliferation and the expression seems to be controlled through PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling, a pathway possibly mediating chemoresistance in human AML. Loss of CDC25A is also important for the cell cycle arrest caused by differentiation induction of malignant hematopoietic cells. Secondly, high CDC25B expression is associated with resistance against the antiproliferative effect of PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibitors in primary human AML cells, and inhibition of this isoform seems to reduce AML cell line proliferation through effects on NFκB and p300. Finally, CDC25C seems important for the phenotype of AML cells at least for a subset of patients. Many of the identified CDC25 inhibitors show cross-reactivity among the three CDC25 isoforms. Thus, by using such cross-reactive inhibitors it may become possible to inhibit several molecular events in the regulation of cell cycle progression and even cytoplasmic signaling, including activation of several CDKs, through the use of a single drug. Such combined strategies will probably be an advantage in human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette K Brenner
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Section for Hematology, Institute of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway.
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27
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Li C, Zhou X, Wang Y, Jing S, Yang C, Sun G, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Wang L. miR‑210 regulates esophageal cancer cell proliferation by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest through targeting PLK1. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2099-104. [PMID: 25069478 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
micro (mi)RNAs are short regulatory RNAs that negatively modulate protein expression at the post‑transcriptional level, and are being considered as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, an elevated expression level of circulating miR‑210 was observed in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and the induction of miR‑210 under hypoxic conditions in ESCC was confirmed. Cell counting kit‑8 assay and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay indicated that miR‑210 markedly inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells. In addition, the effect of miR‑210 on the cell cycle was examined. Transfection of miR‑210 resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of cells in G2/M phase. Polo‑like kinase 1 (PLK1) was investigated as a candidate target of miR‑210, which is a critical regulator of cell cycle transmission at multiple levels. It was demonstrated that miR‑210 reduced the levels of PLK1 protein by binding the 3' untranslated region of its mRNA. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR‑210 inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and these effects of miR‑210 were mediated by the targeting of PLK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Xinliang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yadi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Shaowu Jing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Congrong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Guogui Sun
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei 063001, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yunjie Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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28
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He RJ, Yu ZH, Zhang RY, Zhang ZY. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as potential therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1227-46. [PMID: 25220640 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a key regulatory process in virtually all aspects of cellular functions. Dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a major cause of human diseases, such as cancers, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and neurological diseases. Indeed, protein tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signaling events offer ample therapeutic targets, and drug discovery efforts to date have brought over two dozen kinase inhibitors to the clinic. Accordingly, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are considered next-generation drug targets. For instance, PTP1B is a well-known targets of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and recent studies indicate that it is also a promising target for breast cancer. SHP2 is a bona-fide oncoprotein, mutations of which cause juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and solid tumors. In addition, LYP is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes and many other autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes recent findings on several highly recognized PTP family drug targets, including PTP1B, Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2(SHP2), lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), CD45, Fas associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatases (STEP), mitogen-activated protein kinase/dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), phosphatases of regenerating liver-1 (PRL), low molecular weight PTPs (LMWPTP), and CDC25. Given that there are over 100 family members, we hope this review will serve as a road map for innovative drug discovery targeting PTPs.
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29
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Discovery and characterization of novel imidazopyridine derivative CHEQ-2 as a potent CDC25 inhibitor and promising anticancer drug candidate. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:293-307. [PMID: 24922544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle (CDC) 25 proteins are key phosphatases regulating cell cycle transition and proliferation via the interactions with CDK/Cyclin complexes. Overexpression of CDC25 proteins is frequently observed in cancer and is related to aggressiveness, high-grade tumors and poor prognosis. Thus, inhibiting CDC25 activity in cancer treatment appears a good therapeutic strategy. In this article, refinement of the initial hit XDW-1 by synthesis and screening of a focused compound library led to the identification of a novel set of imidazopyridine derivatives as potent CDC25 inhibitors. Among them, the most potent molecule was CHEQ-2, which could efficiently inhibit the activities of CDC25A/B enzymes as well as the proliferation of various different types of cancer cell lines in vitro assay. Moreover, CHEQ-2 triggered S-phase cell cycle arrest in MCF-7, HepG2 and HT-29 cell lines, accompanied by generation of ROS, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Besides, oral administration of CHEQ-2 (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited xenografted human liver tumor growth in nude mice, while demonstrated extremely low toxicity (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg). These findings make CHEQ-2 a good starting point for further investigation and structure modification.
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30
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McCloy RA, Rogers S, Caldon CE, Lorca T, Castro A, Burgess A. Partial inhibition of Cdk1 in G 2 phase overrides the SAC and decouples mitotic events. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1400-12. [PMID: 24626186 PMCID: PMC4050138 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Entry and progression through mitosis has traditionally been linked directly to the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). In this study we utilized low doses of the Cdk1-specific inhibitor, RO3306 from early G2 phase onwards. Addition of low doses of RO3306 in G2 phase induced minor chromosome congression and segregation defects. In contrast, mild doses of RO3306 during G2 phase resulted in cells entering an aberrant mitosis, with cells fragmenting centrosomes and failing to fully disassemble the nuclear envelope. Cells often underwent cytokinesis and metaphase simultaneously, despite the presence of an active spindle assembly checkpoint, which prevented degradation of cyclin B1 and securin, resulting in the random partitioning of whole chromosomes. This highly aberrant mitosis produced a significant increase in the proportion of viable polyploid cells present up to 3 days post-treatment. Furthermore, cells treated with medium doses of RO3306 were only able to reach the threshold of Cdk1 substrate phosphorylation required to initiate nuclear envelope breakdown, but failed to reach the levels of phosphorylation required to correctly complete pro-metaphase. Treatment with low doses of Okadaic acid, which primarily inhibits PP2A, rescued the mitotic defects and increased the number of cells that completed a normal mitosis. This supports the current model that PP2A is the primary phosphatase that counterbalances the activity of Cdk1 during mitosis. Taken together these results show that continuous and subtle disruption of Cdk1 activity from G2 phase onwards has deleterious consequences on mitotic progression by disrupting the balance between Cdk1 and PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A McCloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel Rogers
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School; Faculty of Medicine; UNSW; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Universités Montpellier 2 et 1; Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire; CNRS UMR 5237; Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Castro
- Universités Montpellier 2 et 1; Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire; CNRS UMR 5237; Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Burgess
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre; Garvan Institute of Medical Research; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School; Faculty of Medicine; UNSW; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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31
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Feiglin A, Ashkenazi S, Schlessinger A, Rost B, Ofran Y. Co-expression and co-localization of hub proteins and their partners are encoded in protein sequence. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:787-94. [PMID: 24457447 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70411d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal coordination is a critical factor in biological processes. Some hubs in protein-protein interaction networks tend to be co-expressed and co-localized with their partners more strongly than others, a difference which is arguably related to functional differences between the hubs. Based on numerous analyses of yeast hubs, it has been suggested that differences in co-expression and co-localization are reflected in the structural and molecular characteristics of the hubs. We hypothesized that if indeed differences in co-expression and co-localization are encoded in the molecular characteristics of the protein, it may be possible to predict the tendency for co-expression and co-localization of human hubs based on features learned from systematically characterized yeast hubs. Thus, we trained a prediction algorithm on hubs from yeast that were classified as either strongly or weakly co-expressed and co-localized with their partners, and applied the trained model to 800 human hub proteins. We found that the algorithm significantly distinguishes between human hubs that are co-expressed and co-localized with their partners and hubs that are not. The prediction is based on sequence derived features such as "stickiness", i.e. the existence of multiple putative binding sites that enable multiple simultaneous interactions, "plasticity", i.e. the existence of predicted structural disorder which conjecturally allows for multiple consecutive interactions with the same binding site and predicted subcellular localization. These results suggest that spatiotemporal dynamics is encoded, at least in part, in the amino acid sequence of the protein and that this encoding is similar in yeast and in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Feiglin
- The Goodman faculty of life sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
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32
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Brooks K, Chia KM, Spoerri L, Mukhopadhyay P, Wigan M, Stark M, Pavey S, Gabrielli B. Defective Decatenation Checkpoint Function Is a Common Feature of Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:150-158. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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14-3-3 proteins in cancer. Mol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9781139046947.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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34
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Reinhardt HC, Yaffe MB. Phospho-Ser/Thr-binding domains: navigating the cell cycle and DNA damage response. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:563-80. [PMID: 23969844 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated progression through the cell cycle is a complex challenge for eukaryotic cells. Following genotoxic stress, diverse molecular signals must be integrated to establish checkpoints specific for each cell cycle stage, allowing time for various types of DNA repair. Phospho-Ser/Thr-binding domains have emerged as crucial regulators of cell cycle progression and DNA damage signalling. Such domains include 14-3-3 proteins, WW domains, Polo-box domains (in PLK1), WD40 repeats (including those in the E3 ligase SCF(βTrCP)), BRCT domains (including those in BRCA1) and FHA domains (such as in CHK2 and MDC1). Progress has been made in our understanding of the motif (or motifs) that these phospho-Ser/Thr-binding domains connect with on their targets and how these interactions influence the cell cycle and DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Christian Reinhardt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Bana E, Sibille E, Valente S, Cerella C, Chaimbault P, Kirsch G, Dicato M, Diederich M, Bagrel D. A novel coumarin-quinone derivative SV37 inhibits CDC25 phosphatases, impairs proliferation, and induces cell death. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:229-41. [PMID: 24155226 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell division cycle (CDC) 25 proteins are key phosphatases regulating cell cycle transition and proliferation by regulating CDK/cyclin complexes. Overexpression of these enzymes is frequently observed in cancer and is related to aggressiveness, high-grade tumors and poor prognosis. Thus, targeting CDC25 by compounds, able to inhibit their activity, appears a good therapeutic approach. Here, we describe the synthesis of a new inhibitor (SV37) whose structure is based on both coumarin and quinone moieties. An analytical in vitro approach shows that this compound efficiently inhibits all three purified human CDC25 isoforms (IC50 1-9 µM) in a mixed-type mode. Moreover, SV37 inhibits growth of breast cancer cell lines. In MDA-MB-231 cells, reactive oxygen species generation is followed by pCDK accumulation, a mark of CDC25 dysfunction. Eventually, SV37 treatment leads to activation of apoptosis and DNA cleavage, underlining the potential of this new type of coumarin-quinone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bana
- Laboratoire "Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes, UMR CNRS 7565, Université de Lorraine, Campus Bridoux, Rue du Général Delestraint, Metz, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Fondation de Recherche Cancer et Sang, Hôpital Kirchberg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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36
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Pike T, Widberg C, Goodall A, Payne E, Giles N, Hancock J, Gabrielli B. Truncated MEK1 is required for transient activation of MAPK signalling in G2 phase cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1423-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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37
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Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N. Role of cyclin B1 levels in DNA damage and DNA damage-induced senescence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 305:303-37. [PMID: 23890385 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407695-2.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex is a key regulator of mitotic entry. A large number of proteins are phosphorylated by the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex prior to mitotic entry. Regulation of the mitotic events is linked to the control of the activity of the cyclin B1-Cdk1 complex to make cells enter mitosis, arrest at G2-phase, or skip mitosis. The roles of cyclin B1 levels in DNA damage are described. The ATM/ATR pathway acts as a molecular switch for regulating cell fates, flipping between cell death via progress into mitosis and polyploidization via sustained G2 arrest upon DNA damage, where cyclin B1 degradation is important for inducing polyploidization. The decrease in cyclin B1 levels that is induced by DNA damage leads to polyploidization in DNA damage-induced senescence. A useful method for monitoring the expression level of cyclin B1 throughout cell cycle progression in living cells is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
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38
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Yu XY, Zhang Z, Zhang GJ, Guo KF, Kong CZ. Knockdown of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinoma is associated with decreased malignant features. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:931-5. [PMID: 22631674 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc25 phosphatases are important regulators of the cell cycle. Their abnormal expression detected in a number of tumors implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. However, the role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinomas remains unknown. To shed light on influence on renal cell carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, Cdc25B expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting in renal cell carcinoma and normal tissues. 65 kDa Cdc25B expression was higher in carcinomas than in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05), positive correlations being noted with clinical stage and histopathologic grade (P<0.05). To additionally investigate the role of Cdc25B alteration in the development of renal cell carcinoma, Cdc25B siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of Cdc25B. Down-regulation resulted in slower growth, more G2/M cells, weaker capacity for migration and invasion, and induction of apoptosis in 769-P transfectants. Reduction of 14-3-3 protein expression appeared related to Cdc25B knockdown. These findings suggest an important role of Cdc25B in renal cell carcinoma development and provide a rationale for investigation of Cdc2B-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yue Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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39
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He J, Wu J, Xu N, Xie W, Li M, Li J, Jiang Y, Yang BB, Zhang Y. MiR-210 disturbs mitotic progression through regulating a group of mitosis-related genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 41:498-508. [PMID: 23125370 PMCID: PMC3592439 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-210 is up-regulated in multiple cancer types but its function is disputable and further investigation is necessary. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified the putative target genes of miR-210 in hypoxia-induced CNE cells from genome-wide scale. Two functional gene groups related to cell cycle and RNA processing were recognized as the major targets of miR-210. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism and biological consequence of miR-210 in cell cycle regulation, particularly mitosis. Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of miR-210 was highly correlated with the down-regulation of a group of mitosis-related genes, including Plk1, Cdc25B, Cyclin F, Bub1B and Fam83D. MiR-210 suppressed the expression of these genes by directly targeting their 3'-UTRs. Over-expression of exogenous miR-210 disturbed mitotic progression and caused aberrant mitosis. Furthermore, miR-210 mimic with pharmacological doses reduced tumor formation in a mouse metastatic tumor model. Taken together, these results implicate that miR-210 disturbs mitosis through targeting multi-genes involved in mitotic progression, which may contribute to its inhibitory role on tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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40
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Yoon S, Kawasaki I, Shim YH. CDC-25.1 controls the rate of germline mitotic cell cycle by counteracting WEE-1.3 and by positively regulating CDK-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1354-63. [PMID: 22421141 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, cdc-25.1 loss-of-function mutants display a lack of germline proliferation. We found that the proliferation defect of cdc-25.1 mutants was suppressed by wee-1.3 RNAi. Further, among the seven cdk and seven cyclin homologs examined, cdk-1 and cyb-3 RNAi treatment caused the most severe germline proliferation defects in an rrf-1 mutant background, which were similar to those of the cdc-25.1 mutants. In addition, while RNAi of cyd-1 and cye-1 caused significant germline proliferation defects, RNAi of cdk-2 and cdk-4 did not. Compared with the number of germ nuclei in wee-1.3(RNAi) worms, the number in wee-1.3(RNAi);cdk-1(RNAi) and wee-1.3(RNAi);cyb-3(RNAi) worms further decreased to the level of cdk-1(RNAi) and cyb-3(RNAi) worms, respectively, indicating that cdk-1 and cyb-3 are epistatic and function downstream of cdc-25.1 and wee-1.3 in the control of the cell cycle. BrdU labeling of adult worms showed that, while 100% of the wild-type germ nuclei in the mitotic region incorporated BrdU when labeled for more than 12 h at 20°C, a small fraction of the cdc-25.1 mutant germ nuclei failed to incorporate BrdU even when labeled for 68 h. These results indicate that CDC-25.1 is required for maintaining proper rate of germline mitotic cell cycle. We propose that CDC-25.1 regulates the rate of germline mitotic cell cycle by counteracting WEE-1.3 and by positively controlling CDK-1, which forms a complex primarily with CYB-3, but also possibly with CYD-1 and CYE-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Genomics, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Reboutier D, Troadec MB, Cremet JY, Fukasawa K, Prigent C. Nucleophosmin/B23 activates Aurora A at the centrosome through phosphorylation of serine 89. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 197:19-26. [PMID: 22451695 PMCID: PMC3317798 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201107134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aurora A, which is known to be activated by autophosphorylation at Thr288, is also locally activated during centrosomal maturation by nucleophosmin-mediated phosphorylation at Ser89. Aurora A (AurA) is a major mitotic protein kinase involved in centrosome maturation and spindle assembly. Nucleophosmin/B23 (NPM) is a pleiotropic nucleolar protein involved in a variety of cellular processes including centrosome maturation. In the present study, we report that NPM is a strong activator of AurA kinase activity. NPM and AurA coimmunoprecipitate and colocalize to centrosomes in G2 phase, where AurA becomes active. In contrast with previously characterized AurA activators, NPM does not trigger autophosphorylation of AurA on threonine 288. NPM induces phosphorylation of AurA on serine 89, and this phosphorylation is necessary for activation of AurA. These data were confirmed in vivo, as depletion of NPM by ribonucleic acid interference eliminated phosphorylation of CDC25B on S353 at the centrosome, indicating a local loss of AurA activity. Our data demonstrate that NPM is a strong activator of AurA kinase activity at the centrosome and support a novel mechanism of activation for AurA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reboutier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche UMR6290, 35043 Rennes, France
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42
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Wigan M, Pinder A, Giles N, Pavey S, Burgess A, Wong S, Sturm RA, Gabrielli B. A UVR-induced G2-phase checkpoint response to ssDNA gaps produced by replication fork bypass of unrepaired lesions is defective in melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:1681-8. [PMID: 22402442 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UVR is a major environmental risk factor for the development of melanoma. Here we describe a coupled DNA-damage tolerance (DDT) mechanism and G2-phase cell cycle checkpoint induced in response to suberythemal doses of UVR that is commonly defective in melanomas. This coupled response is triggered by a small number of UVR-induced DNA lesions incurred during G1 phase that are not repaired by nucleotide excision repair (NER). These lesions are detected during S phase, but rather than stalling replication, they trigger the DDT-dependent formation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) gaps. The ssDNA attracts replication protein A (RPA), which initiates ATR-Chk1 (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related/checkpoint kinase 1) G2-phase checkpoint signaling, and colocalizes with components of the RAD18 and RAD51 postreplication repair pathways. We demonstrate that depletion of RAD18 delays both the resolution of RPA foci and exit from the G2-phase arrest, indicating the involvement of RAD18-dependent postreplication repair in ssDNA gap repair during G2 phase. Moreover, the presence of RAD51 and BRCA1 suggests that an error-free mechanism may also contribute to repair. Loss of the UVR-induced G2-phase checkpoint results in increased UVR signature mutations after exposure to suberythemal UVR. We propose that defects in the UVR-induced G2-phase checkpoint and repair mechanism are likely to contribute to melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wigan
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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43
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A potent Chk1 inhibitor is selectively cytotoxic in melanomas with high levels of replicative stress. Oncogene 2012; 32:788-96. [PMID: 22391562 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are few effective treatments for metastatic melanoma. Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitors are being trialled for their efficacy in enhancing conventional chemotherapeutic agents, but their effectiveness as single agents is not known. We have examined the effectiveness of two novel Chk1 selective inhibitors, AR323 and AR678, in a panel of melanoma cell lines and normal cell types. We demonstrate that these drugs display single-agent activity, with IC50s in the low nanomolar range. The drugs produce cytotoxic effects in cell lines that are most sensitive to these drugs, whereas normal cells are only sensitive to these drugs at the higher concentrations where they have cytostatic activity. The cytotoxic effect is the consequence of inhibition of S-phase Chk1, which drives cells prematurely from late S phase into an aberrant mitosis and results in either failure of cytokinesis or cell death through an apoptotic mechanism. The sensitivity to the Chk1 inhibitors was correlated with the level of endogenous DNA damage indicating replicative stress. Chk1 inhibitors are viable single-agent therapies that target melanoma cells with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. This sensitivity suggests that Chk1 is a critical component of an adaptation to replicative stress in these cells. It also suggests that markers of DNA damage may be useful in identifying the melanomas and potentially other tumour types that are more likely to be sensitive to Chk1 inhibitors as single agents.
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Giles N, Pavey S, Pinder A, Gabrielli B. Multiple melanoma susceptibility factors function in an ultraviolet radiation response pathway in skin. Br J Dermatol 2011; 166:362-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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MicroRNA-148a is down-regulated in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and regulates cell survival by targeting CDC25B. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1472-9. [PMID: 21709669 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs: short non-coding RNAs) are emerging as a class of potential novel tumor markers, as their dysregulation is being increasingly reported in various types of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the transcription status of miRNA-148a (miR-148a) in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and its role in the regulation of the dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC25B. We observed that miR-148a exhibited a significant 4-fold down-regulation in PDAC as opposed to normal pancreatic ductal cells. In addition, we observed that stable lentiviral-mediated overexpression of miR-148a in the pancreatic cancer cell line IMIM-PC2, inhibited tumor cell growth and colony formation. Furthermore, CDC25B was identified as a potential target of miR-148a by in silico analysis using PicTar, Targetscan and miRanda in conjunction with gene ontology analysis. The proposed interaction between miR-148a and the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of CDC25B was verified by in-vitro luciferase assays. We demonstrate that the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the 3'UTR of CDC25B was repressed in the presence of miR-148a mimics, confirming that miR-148a targets the 3'UTR of CDC25B. Finally, CDC25B was down-regulated at the protein level in miR-148a overexpressing IMIM-PC2-cells, and in transiently transfected pancreatic cell lines (as detected by Western blot analysis), as well as in patient tumor samples (as detected by immunohistochemistry). In summary, we identified CDC25B as a novel miR-148a target which may confer a proliferative advantage in PDAC.
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Gardino AK, Yaffe MB. 14-3-3 proteins as signaling integration points for cell cycle control and apoptosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:688-95. [PMID: 21945648 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in the regulation of cell fate through phospho-dependent binding to a large number of intracellular proteins that are targeted by various classes of protein kinases. 14-3-3 proteins play particularly important roles in coordinating progression of cells through the cell cycle, regulating their response to DNA damage, and influencing life-death decisions following internal injury or external cytokine-mediated cues. This review focuses on 14-3-3-dependent pathways that control cell cycle arrest and recovery, and the influence of 14-3-3 on the apoptotic machinery at multiple levels of regulation. Recognition of 14-3-3 proteins as signaling integrators that connect protein kinase signaling pathways to resulting cellular phenotypes, and their exquisite control through feedforward and feedback loops, identifies new drug targets for human disease, and highlights the emerging importance of using systems-based approaches to understand signal transduction events at the network biology level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Gardino
- Department of Biology, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute for Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Matsuyama M, Goto H, Kasahara K, Kawakami Y, Nakanishi M, Kiyono T, Goshima N, Inagaki M. Nuclear Chk1 prevents premature mitotic entry. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:2113-9. [PMID: 21628425 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.086488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chk1 inhibits the premature activation of the cyclin-B1-Cdk1. However, it remains controversial whether Chk1 inhibits Cdk1 in the centrosome or in the nucleus before the G2-M transition. In this study, we examined the specificity of the mouse monoclonal anti-Chk1 antibody DCS-310, with which the centrosome was stained. Conditional Chk1 knockout in mouse embryonic fibroblasts reduced nuclear but not centrosomal staining with DCS-310. In Chk1(+/myc) human colon adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells, Chk1 was detected in the nucleus but not in the centrosome using an anti-Myc antibody. Through the combination of protein array and RNAi technologies, we identified Ccdc-151 as a protein that crossreacted with DCS-310 on the centrosome. Mitotic entry was delayed by expression of the Chk1 mutant that localized in the nucleus, although forced immobilization of Chk1 to the centrosome had little impact on the timing of mitotic entry. These results suggest that nuclear but not centrosomal Chk1 contributes to correct timing of mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Biochemistry, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
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48
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CDC25B associates with a centrin 2-containing complex and is involved in maintaining centrosome integrity. Biol Cell 2011; 103:55-68. [PMID: 21091437 PMCID: PMC3025493 DOI: 10.1042/bc20100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background information. CDC25 (cell division cycle 25) phosphatases function as activators of CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase)–cyclin complexes to regulate progression through the CDC. We have recently identified a pool of CDC25B at the centrosome of interphase cells that plays a role in regulating centrosome numbers. Results. In the present study, we demonstrate that CDC25B forms a close association with Ctn (centrin) proteins at the centrosome. This interaction involves both N- and C-terminal regions of CDC25B and requires CDC25B binding to its CDK–cyclin substrates. However, the interaction is not dependent on the enzyme activity of CDC25B. Although CDC25B appears to bind indirectly to Ctn2, this association is pertinent to CDC25B localization at the centrosome. We further demonstrate that CDC25B plays a role in maintaining the overall integrity of the centrosome, by regulating the centrosome levels of multiple centrosome proteins, including that of Ctn2. Conclusions. Our results therefore suggest that CDC25B associates with a Ctn2-containing multiprotein complex in the cytoplasm, which targets it to the centrosome, where it plays a role in maintaining the centrosome levels of Ctn2 and a number of other centrosome components.
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Shen W, Ahmad F, Hockman S, Ma J, Omi H, Raghavachari N, Manganiello V. Female infertility in PDE3A(-/-) mice: polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) may be a target of protein kinase A (PKA) and involved in meiotic arrest of oocytes from PDE3A(-/-) mice. Cell Cycle 2010; 9:4720-34. [PMID: 21099356 PMCID: PMC3048038 DOI: 10.4161/cc.9.23.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of cAMP/PKA-induced meiotic arrest in oocytes are not completely identified. In cultured, G2/M-arrested PDE3A(-/-) murine oocytes, elevated PKA activity was associated with inactivation of Cdc2 and Plk1, and inhibition of phosphorylation of histone H3 (S10) and of dephosphorylation of Cdc25B (S323) and Cdc2 (Thr14/Tyr15). In cultured WT oocytes, PKA activity was transiently reduced and then increased to that observed in PDE3A(-/-) oocytes; Cdc2 and Plk1 were activated, phosphorylation of histone H3 (S10) and dephosphorylation of Cdc25B (S323) and Cdc2 (Thr14/Tyr15) were observed. In WT oocytes, PKAc were rapidly translocated into nucleus, and then to the spindle apparatus, but in PDE3A(-/-) oocytes, PKAc remained in the cytosol. Plk1 was reactivated by incubation of PDE3A(-/-) oocytes with PKA inhibitor, Rp-cAMPS. PDE3A was co-localized with Plk1 in WT oocytes, and co-immunoprecipitated with Plk1 in WT ovary and Hela cells. PKAc phosphorylated rPlk1 and Hela cell Plk1 and inhibited Plk1 activity in vitro. Our results suggest that PKA-induced inhibition of Plk1 may be critical in oocyte meiotic arrest and female infertility in PDE3A(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Shen
- Translational Medicine Branch (TMB); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Faiyaz Ahmad
- Translational Medicine Branch (TMB); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Steven Hockman
- Translational Medicine Branch (TMB); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John Ma
- Translational Medicine Branch (TMB); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Hitoshi Omi
- Translational Medicine Branch (TMB); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nalini Raghavachari
- Genomics Core Facility; Pulmonary and Vascular Medicine Branch (PVMB); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Vincent Manganiello
- Translational Medicine Branch (TMB); National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI); National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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Vázquez-Novelle MD, Mailand N, Ovejero S, Bueno A, Sacristán MP. Human Cdc14A phosphatase modulates the G2/M transition through Cdc25A and Cdc25B. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:40544-53. [PMID: 20956543 PMCID: PMC3003353 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdc14 family of serine-threonine phosphatases antagonizes CDK activity by reversing CDK-dependent phosphorylation events. It is well established that the yeast members of this family bring about the M/G1 transition. Budding yeast Cdc14 is essential for CDK inactivation at the end of mitosis and fission yeast Cdc14 homologue Flp1/Clp1 down-regulates Cdc25 to ensure the inactivation of mitotic CDK complexes to trigger cell division. However, the functions of human Cdc14 homologues remain poorly understood. Here we have tested the hypothesis that Cdc14A might regulate Cdc25 mitotic inducers in human cells. We found that increasing levels of Cdc14A delay entry into mitosis by inhibiting Cdk1-cyclin B1 activity. By contrast, lowering the levels of Cdc14A accelerates mitotic entry. Biochemical analyses revealed that Cdc14A acts through key Cdk1-cyclin B1 regulators. We observed that Cdc14A directly bound to and dephosphorylated Cdc25B, inhibiting its catalytic activity. Cdc14A also regulated the activity of Cdc25A at the G2/M transition. Our results indicate that Cdc14A phosphatase prevents premature activation of Cdk1 regulating Cdc25A and Cdc25B at the entry into mitosis.
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