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Büchau F, Vielmuth F, Waschke J, Magin TM. Bidirectional regulation of desmosome hyperadhesion by keratin isotypes and desmosomal components. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:223. [PMID: 35380280 PMCID: PMC8983532 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions which mediate cohesion and communication in tissues exposed to mechanical strain by tethering the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. While mature desmosomes are characterized by a hyperadhesive, Ca2+-independent state, they transiently loose this state during wound healing, pathogenesis and tissue regeneration. The mechanisms controlling the hyperadhesive state remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that upon Ca2+-induced keratinocyte differentiation, expression of keratin 17 (K17) prevents the formation of stable and hyperadhesive desmosomes, accompanied by a significant reduction of desmoplakin (DP), plakophilin-1 (PKP1), desmoglein-1 (Dsg1) and -3 (Dsg3) at intercellular cell borders. Atomic force microscopy revealed that both increased binding strength of desmoglein-3 molecules and amount of desmoglein-3 oligomers, known hallmarks of hyperadhesion, were reduced in K17- compared to K14-expressing cells. Importantly, overexpression of Dsg3 or DPII enhanced their localization at intercellular cell borders and increased the formation of Dsg3 oligomers, resulting in stable, hyperadhesive desmosomes despite the presence of K17. Notably, PKP1 was enriched in these desmosomes. Quantitative image analysis revealed that DPII overexpression contributed to desmosome hyperadhesion by increasing the abundance of K5/K17-positive keratin filaments in the proximity of desmosomes enriched in desmoglein-3. Thus, our data show that hyperadhesion can result from recruitment of keratin isotypes K5/K17 to desmosomes or from enhanced expression of DP and Dsg3 irrespective of keratin composition. The notion that hyperadhesive desmosomes failed to form in the absence of keratins underscores the essential role of keratins and suggest bidirectional control mechanisms at several levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Büchau
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Davies J, Muralidhar S, Randerson-Moor J, Harland M, O'Shea S, Diaz J, Walker C, Nsengimana J, Laye J, Mell T, Chan M, Appleton L, Birkeälv S, Adams DJ, Cook GP, Ball G, Bishop DT, Newton-Bishop JA. Ulcerated melanoma: Systems biology evidence of inflammatory imbalance towards pro-tumourigenicity. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:252-267. [PMID: 34826184 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic ulceration is an independent predictor of melanoma death. Here, we used systems biology to query the role of host and tumour-specific processes in defining the phenotype. Albumin level as a measure of systemic inflammation was predictive of fewer tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and poorer survival in the Leeds Melanoma Cohort. Ulcerated melanomas were thicker and more mitotically active (with corresponding transcriptomic upregulated cell cycle pathways). Sequencing identified tumoural p53 and APC mutations, and TUBB2B amplification as associated with the phenotype. Ulcerated tumours had perturbed expression of cytokine genes, consistent with protumourigenic inflammation and histological and transcriptomic evidence for reduced adaptive immune cell infiltration. Pathway/network analysis of multiomic data using neural networks highlighted a role for the β-catenin pathway in the ulceration, linking genomic changes in the tumour to immunosuppression and cell proliferation. In summary, the data suggest that ulceration is in part associated with genomic changes but that host factors also predict melanoma death with evidence of reduced immune responses to the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Davies
- Leeds Institute of Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sathya Muralidhar
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Mark Harland
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sally O'Shea
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Dermatology Department, South Infirmary-Victoria University Hospital Cork and University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joey Diaz
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Christy Walker
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jon Laye
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Tracey Mell
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - May Chan
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lizzie Appleton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sofia Birkeälv
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graham P Cook
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - David T Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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3
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Boyero L, Martin-Padron J, Fárez-Vidal ME, Rodriguez MI, Andrades Á, Peinado P, Arenas AM, Ritoré-Salazar F, Alvarez-Perez JC, Cuadros M, Medina PP. PKP1 and MYC create a feedforward loop linking transcription and translation in squamous cell lung cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:323-332. [PMID: 35182388 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Plakophilin 1 (PKP1) is well-known as an important component of the desmosome, a cell structure specialized in spot-like cell-to-cell adhesion. Although desmosomes have generally been associated with tumor suppressor functions, we recently found that PKP1 is recurrently overexpressed in squamous cell lung cancer (SqCLC) to exert an oncogenic role by enhancing the translation of MYC (c-Myc), a major oncogene. In this study, we aim to further characterize the functional relationship between PKP1 and MYC. METHODS To determine the functional relationship between PKP1 and MYC, we performed correlation analyses between PKP1 and MYC mRNA expression levels, gain/loss of function models, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and promoter mutagenesis followed by luciferase assays. RESULTS We found a significant correlation between the mRNA levels of MYC and PKP1 in SqCLC primary tumor samples. In addition, we found that MYC is a direct transcription factor of PKP1 and binds to specific sequences within its promoter. In agreement with this, we found that MYC knockdown reduced PKP1 protein expression in different SqCLC models, which may explain the PKP1-MYC correlation that we found. Conversely, we found that PKP1 knockdown reduced MYC protein expression, while PKP1 overexpression enhanced MYC expression in these models. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we propose a feedforward functional relationship in which PKP1 enhances MYC translation in conjunction with the translation initiation complex by binding to the 5'-UTR of MYC mRNA, whereas MYC promotes PKP1 transcription by binding to its promoter. These results suggest that PKP1 may serve as a therapeutic target for SqCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Boyero
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, University of Seville), Seville, Spain
| | - Joel Martin-Padron
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Esther Fárez-Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research Ibs. Granada, University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Rodriguez
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research Ibs. Granada, University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro Andrades
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research Ibs. Granada, University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Paola Peinado
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS) (HUVR, CSIC, University of Seville), Seville, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto M Arenas
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Félix Ritoré-Salazar
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez-Perez
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research Ibs. Granada, University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Cuadros
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research Ibs. Granada, University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro P Medina
- Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain.
- Institute for Biomedical Research Ibs. Granada, University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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4
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Fülle JB, Huppert H, Liebl D, Liu J, Alves de Almeida R, Yanes B, Wright GD, Lane EB, Garrod DR, Ballestrem C. Desmosome dualism - most of the junction is stable, but a plakophilin moiety is persistently dynamic. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272445. [PMID: 34635908 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes, strong cell-cell junctions of epithelia and cardiac muscle, link intermediate filaments to cell membranes and mechanically integrate cells across tissues, dissipating mechanical stress. They comprise five major protein classes - desmocollins and desmogleins (the desmosomal cadherins), plakoglobin, plakophilins and desmoplakin - whose individual contribution to the structure and turnover of desmosomes is poorly understood. Using live-cell imaging together with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and fluorescence loss and localisation after photobleaching (FLAP), we show that desmosomes consist of two contrasting protein moieties or modules: a very stable moiety of desmosomal cadherins, desmoplakin and plakoglobin, and a highly mobile plakophilin (Pkp2a). As desmosomes mature from Ca2+ dependence to Ca2+-independent hyper-adhesion, their stability increases, but Pkp2a remains highly mobile. We show that desmosome downregulation during growth-factor-induced cell scattering proceeds by internalisation of whole desmosomes, which still retain a stable moiety and highly mobile Pkp2a. This molecular mobility of Pkp2a suggests a transient and probably regulatory role for Pkp2a in desmosomes. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith B Fülle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henri Huppert
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.,Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Liebl
- A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaron Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Dr, 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rogerio Alves de Almeida
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Bian Yanes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Graham D Wright
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648 Singapore, Singapore.,A*STAR Microscopy Platform, Research Support Centre, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis 138673 Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Birgitte Lane
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648 Singapore, Singapore
| | - David R Garrod
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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5
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Müller L, Hatzfeld M, Keil R. Desmosomes as Signaling Hubs in the Regulation of Cell Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745670. [PMID: 34631720 PMCID: PMC8495202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions, which preserve tissue integrity during homeostatic and stress conditions. These functions rely on their unique structural properties, which enable them to respond to context-dependent signals and transmit them to change cell behavior. Desmosome composition and size vary depending on tissue specific expression and differentiation state. Their constituent proteins are highly regulated by posttranslational modifications that control their function in the desmosome itself and in addition regulate a multitude of desmosome-independent functions. This review will summarize our current knowledge how signaling pathways that control epithelial shape, polarity and function regulate desmosomes and how desmosomal proteins transduce these signals to modulate cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Department for Pathobiochemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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6
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Kronenberg J, Schrödter K, Noll GA, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Känel P. The tobacco phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein NtFT4 simultaneously improves vitality, growth, and protein yield in human cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3770-3786. [PMID: 34110007 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of biopharmaceutical proteins in mammalian cells by transient expression or stable transformation requires robust and viable cells. Cell line engineering must therefore balance improved cell growth and viability with high productivity. We tested the ability of nonmammalian phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins to enhance cell proliferation in monolayers and suspension cultures. The tobacco protein NtFT4 improved the proliferation of multiple human cell lines. Viable cell density is usually impaired by efficient transfection, but we found that the number of HEK-293TNtFT4 cells at the peak of protein expression was twice that of standard HEK-293T cells, and the antibody yield increased by approximately one-third. Improved growth and viability were observed in different cell lines, in different culture media, and also after transient transfection, suggesting the beneficial trait is consistent and transferable. Additional modifications could boost the productivity of high-density HEK-293TNtFT4 cells even further as we showed for a fluorescent marker protein and recombinant antibody expressed in monolayer cultures. The HEK-293TNtFT4 cell line provides a new human model platform that increases cell proliferation, also achieving a fundamental improvement in recombinant protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kronenberg
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin Schrödter
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
| | - Gundula A Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philip Känel
- Department of Functional and Applied Genomics, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Münster, Germany
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7
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Müller L, Rietscher K, Keil R, Neuholz M, Hatzfeld M. Plakophilin 3 phosphorylation by ribosomal S6 kinases supports desmosome assembly. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238295. [PMID: 32122945 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosome remodeling is crucial for epidermal regeneration, differentiation and wound healing. It is mediated by adapting the composition, and by post-translational modifications, of constituent proteins. We have previously demonstrated in mouse suprabasal keratinocytes that plakophilin (PKP) 1 mediates strong adhesion, which is negatively regulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling. The importance of PKP3 for epidermal adhesion is incompletely understood. Here, we identify a major role of epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not IGF1, signaling in PKP3 recruitment to the plasma membrane to facilitate desmosome assembly. We find that ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) associate with and phosphorylate PKP3, which promotes PKP3 association with desmosomes downstream of the EGF receptor. Knockdown of RSKs as well as mutation of an RSK phosphorylation site in PKP3 interfered with desmosome formation, maturation and adhesion. Our findings implicate a coordinate action of distinct growth factors in the control of adhesive properties of desmosomes through modulation of PKPs in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marvin Neuholz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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8
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Fé-Gonçalves LM, Araújo JDA, Santos CHDAD, Val AL, Almeida-Val VMFD. How will farmed populations of freshwater fish deal with the extreme climate scenario in 2100? Transcriptional responses of Colossoma macropomum from two Brazilian climate regions. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102487. [PMID: 32364997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818) is an endemic fish of the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and it is the most economically important native species in Brazil being raised in five climatically distinct regions. In the face of current global warming, environmental variations in farm ponds represent additional challenges that may drive new adaptive regional genetic variations among broodstocks of tambaqui. In an experimental context based on the high-emission scenario of the 5th Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, we used two farmed tambaqui populations to test this hypothesis. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis was performed in the liver of juvenile tambaqui from northern (Balbina Experimental Station, Balbina, AM) and southeastern (Brumado Fish Farming, Mogi Mirim, SP) Brazilian regions kept for 30 days in artificial environmental rooms mimicking the current and extreme climate scenarios. Three Illumina MiSeq runs produced close to 120 million 500 bp paired-end reads; 191,139 contigs were assembled with N50 = 1595. 355 genes were differentially expressed for both populations in response to the extreme scenario. After enrichment analysis, each population presented a core set of genes to cope with climate change. Northern fish induced genes related to the cellular response to stress, activation of MAPK activity, response to unfolded protein, protein metabolism and cellular response to DNA damage stimuli. Genes biologically involved in regulating cell proliferation, protein stabilisation and protein ubiquitination for degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system were downregulated. Genes associated with biological processes, including the cellular response to stress, MAPK cascade activation, homeostatic processes and positive regulation of immune responses were upregulated in southeastern fish. The downregulated genes were related to cytoskeleton organisation, energy metabolism, and the regulation of transcription and biological rhythms. Our findings reveal the signatures of promising candidate genes involved in the regional plasticity of each population of tambaqui in dealing with upcoming climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mara Fé-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
| | - José Deney Alves Araújo
- Computational Systems Biology Laboratory, University of São Paulo, Professor Lúcio Martins Rodrigues Avenue, 370, 05508020, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Dos Anjos Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Luis Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida-Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, André Araújo Avenue, 2936, 69067-375, Petrópolis, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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9
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Moch M, Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Leube RE. The keratin-desmosome scaffold: pivotal role of desmosomes for keratin network morphogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:543-558. [PMID: 31243490 PMCID: PMC7010626 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Desmosome-anchored keratin intermediate filaments (KFs) are essential for epithelial coherence. Yet, desmosomal KF attachment and network organization are still unexplored in vivo. We, therefore, monitored KF network morphogenesis in fluorescent keratin 8 knock-in murine embryos revealing keratin enrichment at newly formed desmosomes followed by KF formation, KF elongation and KF fusion. To examine details of this process and its coupling to desmosome formation, we studied fluorescent keratin and desmosomal protein reporter dynamics in the periphery of expanding HaCaT keratinocyte colonies. Less than 3 min after the start of desmosomal proteins clustering non-filamentous keratin enriched at these sites followed by KF formation and elongation. Subsequently, desmosome-anchored KFs merged into stable bundles generating a rim-and-spokes system consisting of subcortical KFs connecting desmosomes to each other and radial KFs connecting desmosomes to the cytoplasmic KF network. We conclude that desmosomes are organizing centers for the KF cytoskeleton with a hitherto unknown nucleation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Moch
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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10
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Galindo I, Gómez-Morales M, Díaz-Cano I, Andrades Á, Caba-Molina M, Miranda-León MT, Medina PP, Martín-Padron J, Fárez-Vidal ME. The value of desmosomal plaque-related markers to distinguish squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:19-29. [PMID: 31809668 PMCID: PMC7054907 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2019.1692101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An antibody panel is needed to definitively differentiate between adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to meet more stringent requirements for the histologic classification of lung cancers. Staining of desmosomal plaque-related proteins may be useful in the diagnosis of lung SCC.Materials and methods: We compared the usefulness of six conventional (CK5/6, p40, p63, CK7, TTF1, and Napsin A) and three novel (PKP1, KRT15, and DSG3) markers to distinguish between lung SCC and AC in 85 small biopsy specimens (41 ACs and 44 SCCs). Correlations were examined between expression of the markers and patients' histologic and clinical data.Results: The specificity for SCC of membrane staining for PKP1, KRT15, and DSG3 was 97.4%, 94.6%, and 100%, respectively, and it was 100% when the markers were used together and in combination with the conventional markers (AUCs of 0.7619 for Panel 1 SCC, 0.7375 for Panel 2 SCC, 0.8552 for Panel 1 AC, and 0.8088 for Panel 2 AC). In a stepwise multivariate logistic regression model, the combination of CK5/6, p63, and PKP1 in membrane was the optimal panel to differentiate between SCC and AC, with a percentage correct classification of 96.2% overall (94.6% of ACs and 97.6% of SCCs). PKP1 and DSG3 are related to the prognosis.Conclusions: PKP1, KRT15, and DSG3 are highly specific for SCC, but they were more useful to differentiate between SCC and AC when used together and in combination with conventional markers. PKP1 and DSG3 expressions may have prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Galindo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Inés Díaz-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research (IBS Granada), University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Álvaro Andrades
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mercedes Caba-Molina
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Teresa Miranda-León
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Pablo Medina
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joel Martín-Padron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research (IBS Granada), University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María Esther Fárez-Vidal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research (IBS Granada), University Hospital Complex of Granada/University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CONTACT María Esther Fárez-Vidal Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
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12
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Haase D, Cui T, Yang L, Ma Y, Liu H, Theis B, Petersen I, Chen Y. Plakophilin 1 is methylated and has a tumor suppressive activity in human lung cancer. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Kawata K, Yugi K, Hatano A, Kokaji T, Tomizawa Y, Fujii M, Uda S, Kubota H, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI, Kuroda S. Reconstruction of global regulatory network from signaling to cellular functions using phosphoproteomic data. Genes Cells 2018; 24:82-93. [PMID: 30417516 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular signaling regulates various cellular functions via protein phosphorylation. Phosphoproteomic data potentially include information for a global regulatory network from signaling to cellular functions, but a procedure to reconstruct this network using such data has yet to be established. In this paper, we provide a procedure to reconstruct a global regulatory network from signaling to cellular functions from phosphoproteomic data by integrating prior knowledge of cellular functions and inference of the kinase-substrate relationships (KSRs). We used phosphoproteomic data from insulin-stimulated Fao hepatoma cells and identified protein phosphorylation regulated by insulin specifically over-represented in cellular functions in the KEGG database. We inferred kinases for protein phosphorylation by KSRs, and connected the kinases in the insulin signaling layer to the phosphorylated proteins in the cellular functions, revealing that the insulin signal is selectively transmitted via the Pi3k-Akt and Erk signaling pathways to cellular adhesions and RNA maturation, respectively. Thus, we provide a method to reconstruct global regulatory network from signaling to cellular functions based on phosphoproteomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kawata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yugi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,YCI Laboratory for Trans-Omics, Young Chief Investigator Program, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kokaji
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoko Tomizawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uda
- Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kubota
- Division of Integrated Omics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kuroda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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14
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Kam CY, Dubash AD, Magistrati E, Polo S, Satchell KJF, Sheikh F, Lampe PD, Green KJ. Desmoplakin maintains gap junctions by inhibiting Ras/MAPK and lysosomal degradation of connexin-43. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3219-3235. [PMID: 29959233 PMCID: PMC6123000 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201710161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomal mutations result in potentially deadly cardiocutaneous disease caused by electrical conduction defects and disruption of gap junctions. Kam et al. demonstrate a mechanism whereby loss of the intermediate filament anchoring protein desmoplakin stimulates Cx43 turnover by increasing K-Ras expression, marking Cx43 for lysosomal degradation through ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Desmoplakin (DP) is an obligate component of desmosomes, intercellular adhesive junctions that maintain the integrity of the epidermis and myocardium. Mutations in DP can cause cardiac and cutaneous disease, including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), an inherited disorder that frequently results in deadly arrhythmias. Conduction defects in ACM are linked to the remodeling and functional interference with Cx43-based gap junctions that electrically and chemically couple cells. How DP loss impairs gap junctions is poorly understood. We show that DP prevents lysosomal-mediated degradation of Cx43. DP loss triggered robust activation of ERK1/2–MAPK and increased phosphorylation of S279/282 of Cx43, which signals clathrin-mediated internalization and subsequent lysosomal degradation of Cx43. RNA sequencing revealed Ras-GTPases as candidates for the aberrant activation of ERK1/2 upon loss of DP. Using a novel Ras inhibitor, Ras/Rap1-specific peptidase (RRSP), or K-Ras knockdown, we demonstrate restoration of Cx43 in DP-deficient cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism for the regulation of the Cx43 life cycle by DP in cardiocutaneous models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan Kam
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Adi D Dubash
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Simona Polo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karla J F Satchell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Farah Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL .,Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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15
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Rietscher K, Keil R, Jordan A, Hatzfeld M. 14-3-3 proteins regulate desmosomal adhesion via plakophilins. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.212191. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.212191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are essential for strong intercellular adhesion and are abundant in tissues exposed to mechanical strain. At the same time, desmosomes need to be dynamic to allow for remodeling of epithelia during differentiation or wound healing. Phosphorylation of desmosomal plaque proteins appears essential for desmosome dynamics. However, the mechanisms how context-dependent post-translational modifications regulate desmosome formation, dynamics or stability are incompletely understood. Here, we show that growth factor signaling regulates the phosphorylation-dependent association of plakophilins 1 and 3 with 14-3-3 protein isoforms and uncover unique and partially antagonistic functions of members of the 14-3-3 family in the regulation of desmosomes. 14-3-3γ associated primarily with cytoplasmic plakophilin 1 phosphorylated at S155 and destabilized intercellular cohesion of keratinocytes by reducing its incorporation into desmosomes. In contrast, stratifin/14-3-3σ interacted preferentially with S285-phosphorylated plakophilin 3 to promote its accumulation at tricellular contact sites, leading to stable desmosomes. Taken together, our study identifies a new layer of regulation of intercellular adhesion by 14-3-3 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Annemarie Jordan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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16
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Rietscher K, Wolf A, Hause G, Rother A, Keil R, Magin TM, Glass M, Niessen CM, Hatzfeld M. Growth Retardation, Loss of Desmosomal Adhesion, and Impaired Tight Junction Function Identify a Unique Role of Plakophilin 1 In Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1471-1478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Keil R, Rietscher K, Hatzfeld M. Antagonistic Regulation of Intercellular Cohesion by Plakophilins 1 and 3. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2022-2029. [PMID: 27375112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesive structures essential for tissue integrity of the epidermis and the heart. Their constituents belong to multigene families giving rise to desmosomes of variable composition. So far, the functional significance of context-dependent composition in desmosome formation, dynamics, or stability during epidermal differentiation is incompletely understood. In this comparative study, we have uncovered unique and partially antagonistic functions of plakophilins 1 and 3 that are both expressed in the murine epidermis. These plakophilins differ in their localization patterns and kinetics during de novo desmosome formation and are regulated by distinct mechanisms. Moreover, plakophilin 3-containing desmosomes are more dynamic than desmosomes that contain predominantly plakophilin 1. Further, we show that Ca(2+)-independence of desmosomes strictly depends on plakophilin 1, whereas elevated levels of plakophilin 3 prevent the formation of hyperadhesive desmosomes in a protein kinase C alpha-dependent manner, even in the presence of plakophilin 1. Our study demonstrates that the balance between plakophilins 1 and 3 determines the context-dependent properties of epidermal desmosomes. In this setting, plakophilin 1 provides stable intercellular cohesion that resists mechanical stress, whereas plakophilin 3 confers dynamics as required during tissue homeostasis and repair. Our data have implications for the role of plakophilins in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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18
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Plakophilin-1, a Novel Wnt Signaling Regulator, Is Critical for Tooth Development and Ameloblast Differentiation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152206. [PMID: 27015268 PMCID: PMC4806907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth morphogenesis is initiated by reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm and neural crest-derived mesenchyme, and the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in this process. We found that Plakophilin (PKP)1, which is associated with diseases such as ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome, was highly expressed in teeth and skin, and was upregulated during tooth development. We hypothesized that PKP1 regulates Wnt signaling via its armadillo repeat domain in a manner similar to β-catenin. To determine its role in tooth development, we performed Pkp1 knockdown experiments using ex vivo organ cultures and cell cultures. Loss of Pkp1 reduced the size of tooth germs and inhibited dental epithelial cell proliferation, which was stimulated by Wnt3a. Furthermore, transfected PKP1-emerald green fluorescent protein was translocated from the plasma membrane to the nucleus upon stimulation with Wnt3a and LiCl, which required the PKP1 N terminus (amino acids 161 to 270). Localization of PKP1, which is known as an adhesion-related desmosome component, shifted to the plasma membrane during ameloblast differentiation. In addition, Pkp1 knockdown disrupted the localization of Zona occludens 1 in tight junctions and inhibited ameloblast differentiation; the two proteins were shown to directly interact by immunoprecipitation. These results implicate the participation of PKP1 in early tooth morphogenesis as an effector of canonical Wnt signaling that controls ameloblast differentiation via regulation of the cell adhesion complex.
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19
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Rohe A, Platzer C, Masch A, Greiner S, Henze C, Ihling C, Erdmann F, Schutkowski M, Sippl W, Schmidt M. Identification of peptidic substrates for the human kinase Myt1 using peptide microarrays. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4936-4942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Desmosomes represent adhesive, spot-like intercellular junctions that in association with intermediate filaments mechanically link neighboring cells and stabilize tissue architecture. In addition to this structural function, desmosomes also act as signaling platforms involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, deregulation of desmosomal proteins has to be considered to contribute to tumorigenesis. Proteolytic fragmentation and downregulation of desmosomal cadherins and plaque proteins by transcriptional or epigenetic mechanisms were observed in different cancer entities suggesting a tumor-suppressive role. However, discrepant data in the literature indicate that context-dependent differences based on alternative intracellular, signal transduction lead to altered outcome. Here, modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by plakoglobin or desmoplakin and of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling appears to be of special relevance. This review summarizes current evidence on how desmosomal proteins participate in carcinogenesis, and depicts the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otmar Huber
- a Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Nonnenplan 2-4, 07743 Jena , Germany.,b Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital , Erlanger Allee 101, 07747 Jena , Germany
| | - Iver Petersen
- c Institute of Pathology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena , Germany
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21
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Tan J, He W, Luo G, Wu J. Involvement of impaired desmosome-related proteins in hypertrophic scar intraepidermal blister formation. Burns 2015; 41:1517-23. [PMID: 25922301 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar is one of the unique fibrotic diseases in human. Intraepidermal blister is a common clinical symptom following the hypertrophic scar formation. However, little is known about the reason of blister creation. In this study, we selected three patients with hypertrophic scar as manifested by raised, erythematous, pruritic, blister and thickened appearance undergoing scar resection. The first scar sample was 6 months after burn from the neck of a 3 years old male patient with 10 score by Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS). The second scar sample was 12 months after burn from the dorsal foot of a 16 years old female patient with 13 score by VSS. The third one was 9 months after burn from the elbow of a 34 years old male patients with 13 score by VSS. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of blister formation, we screened the different protein expression between hypertrophic scar and normal skin tissue by means of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling technology and high throughput 2D LC-MS/MS. There were 48 proteins found to be downregulated in hypertrophic scar. Among the downregulated ones, plakophilin1 (PKP1), plakophilin3 (PKP3) and desmoplakin (DSP) were the desmosome-related proteins which were validated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting assay. Transmission electron microscopy further showed the considerably reduced size and intensity of hemidesmosome and desmosome in hypertrophic scar tissue, compared to control normal skin. Our data indicted for the first time that downregulation of DSP, PKP1 and PKP3 in hypertrophic scar might be responsible for intraepidermal blister formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglin Tan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injuries, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injuries, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Gaoxing Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injuries, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injuries, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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22
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Broussard JA, Getsios S, Green KJ. Desmosome regulation and signaling in disease. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:501-12. [PMID: 25693896 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Desmosomes are cell-cell adhesive organelles with a well-known role in forming strong intercellular adhesion during embryogenesis and in adult tissues subject to mechanical stress, such as the heart and skin. More recently, desmosome components have also emerged as cell signaling regulators. Loss of expression or interference with the function of desmosome molecules results in diseases of the heart and skin and contributes to cancer progression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that result in inherited and acquired disorders remain poorly understood. To address this question, researchers are directing their studies towards determining the functions that occur inside and outside of the junctions and the extent to which functions are adhesion-dependent or independent. This review focuses on recent discoveries that provide insights into the role of desmosomes and desmosome components in cell signaling and disease; wherever possible, we address molecular functions within and outside of the adhesive structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Broussard
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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23
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Neuber S, Jäger S, Meyer M, Wischmann V, Koch PJ, Moll R, Schmidt A. c-Src mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of plakophilin 3 as a new mechanism to control desmosome composition in cells exposed to oxidative stress. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:799-816. [PMID: 25501895 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plakophilins (PKP1 to PKP3) are essential for the structure and function of desmosomal junctions as demonstrated by the severe skin defects observed as a result of loss-of-function mutations in mice and men. PKPs play additional roles in cell signaling processes, such as those controlling the cellular stress response and cell proliferation. A key post-translational process controlling PKP function is phosphorylation. We have discovered that reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger the c-Src kinase-mediated tyrosine (Tyr)-195 phosphorylation of PKP3. This modification is associated with a change in the subcellular distribution of the protein. Specifically, PKP3 bearing phospho-Tyr-195 is released from the desmosomes, suggesting that phospho-Tyr-195 is relevant for the control of desmosome disassembly and function, at least in cells exposed to ROS. Tyr-195 phosphorylation is transient under normal physiological conditions and seems to be strictly regulated, as the activation of particular growth factor receptors results in a modification at this site only when tyrosine phosphatases are inactivated by pervanadate. We have identified Tyr-195 of PKP3 as a phosphorylation target of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Interestingly, this PKP3 phosphorylation also occurs in certain poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the prostate, suggesting a possible role in tumor progression. Our study thus identifies a new mechanism controlling PKP3 and hence desmosome function in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Neuber
- Institute of Pathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany
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Johnson JL, Najor NA, Green KJ. Desmosomes: regulators of cellular signaling and adhesion in epidermal health and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014; 4:a015297. [PMID: 25368015 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a015297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions that mediate cell-cell adhesion and anchor the intermediate filament network to the plasma membrane, providing mechanical resilience to tissues such as the epidermis and heart. In addition to their critical roles in adhesion, desmosomal proteins are emerging as mediators of cell signaling important for proper cell and tissue functions. In this review we highlight what is known about desmosomal proteins regulating adhesion and signaling in healthy skin-in morphogenesis, differentiation and homeostasis, wound healing, and protection against environmental damage. We also discuss how human diseases that target desmosome molecules directly or interfere indirectly with these mechanical and signaling functions to contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Nicole A Najor
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611 Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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25
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Todorovic V, Koetsier JL, Godsel LM, Green KJ. Plakophilin 3 mediates Rap1-dependent desmosome assembly and adherens junction maturation. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3749-64. [PMID: 25208567 PMCID: PMC4230782 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-0968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmosomal Armadillo family member Pkp3 is established as a coordinator of desmosome and adherens junction assembly and maturation through its physical and functional association with Rap1. It thus functions in a manner distinct from the closely related Pkp2. The pathways driving desmosome and adherens junction assembly are temporally and spatially coordinated, but how they are functionally coupled is poorly understood. Here we show that the Armadillo protein plakophilin 3 (Pkp3) mediates both desmosome assembly and E-cadherin maturation through Rap1 GTPase, thus functioning in a manner distinct from the closely related plakophilin 2 (Pkp2). Whereas Pkp2 and Pkp3 share the ability to mediate the initial phase of desmoplakin (DP) accumulation at sites of cell–cell contact, they play distinct roles in later steps: Pkp3 is required for assembly of a cytoplasmic population of DP-enriched junction precursors, whereas Pkp2 is required for transfer of the precursors to the membrane. Moreover, Pkp3 forms a complex with Rap1 GTPase, promoting its activation and facilitating desmosome assembly. We show further that Pkp3 deficiency causes disruption of an E-cadherin/Rap1 complex required for adherens junction sealing. These findings reveal Pkp3 as a coordinator of desmosome and adherens junction assembly and maturation through its functional association with Rap1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Todorovic
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Jennifer L Koetsier
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Lisa M Godsel
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 R.H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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Roberts BJ, Johnson KE, McGuinn KP, Saowapa J, Svoboda RA, Mahoney MG, Johnson KR, Wahl JK. Palmitoylation of plakophilin is required for desmosome assembly. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3782-93. [PMID: 25002405 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmosomes are prominent adhesive junctions found in various epithelial tissues. The cytoplasmic domains of desmosomal cadherins interact with a host of desmosomal plaque proteins, including plakophilins, plakoglobin and desmoplakin, which, in turn, recruit the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to sites of cell-cell contact. Although the individual components of the desmosome are known, mechanisms regulating the assembly of this junction are poorly understood. Protein palmitoylation is a posttranslational lipid modification that plays an important role in protein trafficking and function. Here, we demonstrate that multiple desmosomal components are palmitoylated in vivo. Pharmacologic inhibition of palmitoylation disrupts desmosome assembly at cell-cell borders. We mapped the site of plakophilin palmitoylation to a conserved cysteine residue present in the armadillo repeat domain. Mutation of this single cysteine residue prevents palmitoylation, disrupts plakophilin incorporation into the desmosomal plaque and prevents plakophilin-dependent desmosome assembly. Finally, plakophilin mutants unable to become palmitoylated act in a dominant-negative manner to disrupt proper localization of endogenous desmosome components and decrease desmosomal adhesion. Taken together, these data demonstrate that palmitoylation of desmosomal components is important for desmosome assembly and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Roberts
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Kristen E Johnson
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Kathleen P McGuinn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jintana Saowapa
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Robert A Svoboda
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - My G Mahoney
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Keith R Johnson
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - James K Wahl
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Abstract
The importance of desmosomal cell adhesion to human health is evidenced by the autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV), in which autoantibodies against the extracellular domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 3 cause potentially fatal blistering of the skin and mucous membranes. Tucker et al. describe how enhanced expression of a desmosomal cytoplasmic plaque protein, plakophilin-1, protects keratinocytes from PV IgG-induced loss of cell adhesion by inducing calcium-independent hyperadhesive desmosomes. This study beautifully demonstrates that desmosomal adhesion can be modulated by the molecular interactions of the desmoglein tail and suggests that these novel regulatory pathways may possibly be exploited in treating human disease.
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Munoz WA, Lee M, Miller RK, Ahmed Z, Ji H, Link TM, Lee GR, Kloc M, Ladbury JE, McCrea PD. Plakophilin-3 catenin associates with the ETV1/ER81 transcription factor to positively modulate gene activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86784. [PMID: 24475179 PMCID: PMC3903613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the plakophilin-catenin sub-family (Pkp-1, -2, and -3) facilitate the linkage of desmosome junctional components to each other (e.g. desmosomal cadherins to desmoplakin) and the intermediate-filament cytoskeleton. Pkps also contribute to desmosomal stabilization and the trafficking of its components. The functions of Pkps outside of the desmosome are less well studied, despite evidence suggesting their roles in mRNA regulation, small-GTPase modulation (e.g. mid-body scission) during cell division, and cell survival following DNA damage. Pkp-catenins are further believed to have roles in the nucleus given their nuclear localization in some contexts and the known nuclear roles of structurally related catenins, such as beta-catenin and p120-catenin. Further, Pkp-catenin activities in the nuclear compartment have become of increased interest with the identification of interactions between Pkp2-catenin and RNA Pol III and Pkp1 with single-stranded DNA. Consistent with earlier reports suggesting possible nuclear roles in development, we previously demonstrated prominent nuclear localization of Pkp3 in Xenopus naïve ectoderm (“animal cap”) cells and recently resolved a similar localization in mouse embryonic stem cells. Here, we report the association and positive functional interaction of Pkp3 with a transcription factor, Ets variant gene 1 (ETV1), which has critical roles in neural development and prominent roles in human genetic disease. Our results are the first to report the interaction of a sequence-specific transcription factor with any Pkp. Using Xenopus laevis embryos and mammalian cells, we provide evidence for the Pkp3:ETV1 complex on both biochemical and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Munoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Moonsup Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel K. Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Link
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gilbert R. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John E. Ladbury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Function, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Genes & Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science - Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Hatzfeld M, Wolf A, Keil R. Plakophilins in Desmosomal Adhesion and Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:25-42. [DOI: 10.3109/15419061.2013.876017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Epithelial adhesive cell-to-cell contacts contain large, plasma membrane-spanning multiprotein aggregates that perform vital structural and signaling functions. Three prominent adhesive contacts are the tight junction, adherens junction, and the desmosome. Each junction type has unique cellular functions and a complex molecular composition. In this review, we comment on recent and exciting advances in our understanding of junction composition and function.
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Beyond expectations: novel insights into epidermal keratin function and regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:265-306. [PMID: 24952920 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified epithelium that relies on its cytoskeleton and cell junctions to protect the body against mechanical injury, dehydration, and infections. Keratin intermediate filament proteins are involved in many of these functions by forming cell-specific cytoskeletal scaffolds crucial for the maintenance of cell and tissue integrity. In response to various stresses, the expression and organization of keratins are altered at transcriptional and posttranslational levels to restore tissue homeostasis. Failure to restore tissue homeostasis in the presence of keratin gene mutations results in acute and chronic skin disorders for which currently no rational therapies are available. Here, we review the recent progress on the role of keratins in cytoarchitecture, adhesion, signaling, and inflammation. By focusing on epidermal keratins, we illustrate the contribution of keratin isotypes to differentiated epithelial functions.
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