1
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Ryu JR, Ko K, Sun W. Polarization of organoids by bioengineered symmetry breaking. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:22-31. [PMID: 38881849 PMCID: PMC11176950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Symmetry breaking leading to axis formation and spatial patterning is crucial for achieving more accurate recapitulation of human development in organoids. While these processes can occur spontaneously by self-organizing capabilities of pluripotent stem cells, they can often result in variation in structure and composition of cell types within organoids. To address this limitation, bioengineering techniques that utilize geometric, topological and stiffness factors are increasingly employed to enhance control and consistency. Here, we review how spontaneous manners and engineering tools such as micropattern, microfluidics, biomaterials, etc. can facilitate the process of symmetry breaking leading to germ layer patterning and the formation of anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes in blastoids, gastruloids, neuruloids and neural organoids. Furthermore, brain assembloids, which are composed of multiple brain regions through fusion processes are discussed. The overview of organoid polarization in terms of patterning tools can offer valuable insights for enhancing the physiological relevance of organoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ryun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahee Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xue R, Chen Y, Gong Z, Jiang H. Superposition of Substrate Deformation Fields Induced by Molecular Clutches Explains Cell Spatial Sensing of Ligands. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39088555 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Cells can sense the physical properties of the extracellular matrices (ECMs), such as stiffness and ligand density, through cell adhesions to actively regulate their behaviors. Recent studies have shown that varying ligand spacing of ECMs can influence adhesion size, cell spreading, and even stem cell differentiation, indicating that cells have the spatial sensing ability of ECM ligands. However, the mechanism of the cells' spatial sensing remains unclear. In this study, we have developed a lattice-spring motor-clutch model by integrating cell membrane deformation, the talin unfolding mechanism, and the lattice spring for substrate ligand distribution to explore how the spatial distribution of integrin ligands and substrate stiffness influence cell spreading and adhesion dynamics. By applying the Gillespie algorithm, we found that large ligand spacing reduces the superposition effect of the substrate's displacement fields generated by pulling force from motor-clutch units, increasing the effective stiffness probed by the force-sensitive receptors; this finding explains a series of previous experiments. Furthermore, using the mean-field theory, we obtain the effective stiffness sensed by bound clutches analytically; our analysis shows that the bound clutch number and ligand spacing are the two key factors that affect the superposition effects of deformation fields and, hence, the effective stiffness. Overall, our study reveals the mechanism of cells' spatial sensing, i.e., ligand spacing changes the effective stiffness sensed by cells due to the superposition effect of deformation fields, which provides a physical clue for designing and developing biological materials that effectively control cell behavior and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yonggang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ze Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Beisihuan West Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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3
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Xing J, Wang Y, Peng A, Li J, Niu X, Zhang K. The role of actin cytoskeleton CFL1 and ADF/cofilin superfamily in inflammatory response. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1408287. [PMID: 39114368 PMCID: PMC11303188 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1408287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin remodeling proteins are important in immune diseases and regulate cell cytoskeletal responses. These responses play a pivotal role in maintaining the delicate balance of biological events, protecting against acute or chronic inflammation in a range of diseases. Cofilin (CFL) and actin depolymerization factor (ADF) are potent actin-binding proteins that cut and depolymerize actin filaments to generate actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Although the molecular mechanism by which actin induces actin cytoskeletal reconstitution has been studied for decades, the regulation of actin in the inflammatory process has only recently become apparent. In this paper, the functions of the actin cytoskeleton and ADF/cofilin superfamily members are briefly introduced, and then focus on the role of CFL1 in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kaiming Zhang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Dong San Dao Xiang, Taiyuan, China
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4
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Wang X, Xu H, Ning F, Duan S, Hu Y, Ding X, Xu FJ. Improved Cell Adhesion on Self-Assembled Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal Films. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400339. [PMID: 38925556 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature, and closely related to biological phenomena. Nature-originated nanomaterials such as cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are able to self-assemble into hierarchical chiral nematic CNC films and impart handedness to nano and micro scale. However, the effects of the chiral nematic surfaces on cell adhesion are still unknown. Herein, this work presents evidence that the left-handed self-assembled chiral nematic CNC films (L-CNC) significantly improve the adhesion of L929 fibroblasts compared to randomly arranged isotropic CNC films (I-CNC). The fluidic force microscopy-based single-cell force spectroscopy is introduced to assess the cell adhesion forces on the substrates of L-CNC and I-CNC, respectively. With this method, a maximum adhesion force of 133.2 nN is quantified for mature L929 fibroblasts after culturing for 24 h on L-CNC, whereas the L929 fibroblasts exert a maximum adhesion force of 78.4 nN on I-CNC under the same condition. Moreover, the instant SCFS reveals that the integrin pathways are involved in sensing the chirality of substrate surfaces. Overall, this work offers a starting point for the regulation of cell adhesion via the self-assembled nano and micro architecture of chiral nematic CNC films, with potential practical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fanghui Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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5
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Litschel T, Kelley CF, Cheng X, Babl L, Mizuno N, Case LB, Schwille P. Membrane-induced 2D phase separation of the focal adhesion protein talin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4986. [PMID: 38862544 PMCID: PMC11166923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions form liquid-like assemblies around activated integrin receptors at the plasma membrane. How they achieve their flexible properties is not well understood. Here, we use recombinant focal adhesion proteins to reconstitute the core structural machinery in vitro. We observe liquid-liquid phase separation of the core focal adhesion proteins talin and vinculin for a spectrum of conditions and interaction partners. Intriguingly, we show that binding to PI(4,5)P2-containing membranes triggers phase separation of these proteins on the membrane surface, which in turn induces the enrichment of integrin in the clusters. We suggest a mechanism by which 2-dimensional biomolecular condensates assemble on membranes from soluble proteins in the cytoplasm: lipid-binding triggers protein activation and thus, liquid-liquid phase separation of these membrane-bound proteins. This could explain how early focal adhesions maintain a structured and force-resistant organization into the cytoplasm, while still being highly dynamic and able to quickly assemble and disassemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Litschel
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Charlotte F Kelley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Xiaohang Cheng
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leon Babl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay B Case
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
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6
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Wang W, Atherton P, Kreft M, te Molder L, van der Poel S, Hoekman L, Celie P, Joosten RP, Fässler R, Perrakis A, Sonnenberg A. Caskin2 is a novel talin- and Abi1-binding protein that promotes cell motility. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262116. [PMID: 38587458 PMCID: PMC11166458 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Talin (herein referring collectively to talin 1 and 2) couples the actomyosin cytoskeleton to integrins and transmits tension to the extracellular matrix. Talin also interacts with numerous additional proteins capable of modulating the actin-integrin linkage and thus downstream mechanosignaling cascades. Here, we demonstrate that the scaffold protein Caskin2 interacts directly with the R8 domain of talin through its C-terminal LD motif. Caskin2 also associates with the WAVE regulatory complex to promote cell migration in an Abi1-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Caskin2-Abi1 interaction is regulated by growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Caskin2 on serine 878. In MCF7 and UACC893 cells, which contain an amplification of CASKIN2, Caskin2 localizes in plasma membrane-associated plaques and around focal adhesions in cortical microtubule stabilization complexes. Taken together, our results identify Caskin2 as a novel talin-binding protein that might not only connect integrin-mediated adhesion to actin polymerization but could also play a role in crosstalk between integrins and microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Atherton
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa te Molder
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine van der Poel
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Hoekman
- Proteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Celie
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Robbie P. Joosten
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
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7
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Stock C. pH-regulated single cell migration. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:639-658. [PMID: 38214759 PMCID: PMC11006768 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, extra- and intracellular pH have emerged as fundamental regulators of cell motility. Fundamental physiological and pathological processes relying on appropriate cell migration, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and a proper immune defense on the one hand, and autoimmune diseases, metastatic cancer, and the progression of certain parasitic diseases on the other, depend on surrounding pH. In addition, migrating single cells create their own localized pH nanodomains at their surface and in the cytosol. By this means, the migrating cells locally modulate their adhesion to, and the re-arrangement and digestion of, the extracellular matrix. At the same time, the cytosolic nanodomains tune cytoskeletal dynamics along the direction of movement resulting in concerted lamellipodia protrusion and rear end retraction. Extracellular pH gradients as found in wounds, inflamed tissues, or the periphery of tumors stimulate directed cell migration, and long-term exposure to acidic conditions can engender a more migratory and invasive phenotype persisting for hours up to several generations of cells after they have left the acidic milieu. In the present review, the different variants of pH-dependent single cell migration are described. The underlying pH-dependent molecular mechanisms such as conformational changes of adhesion molecules, matrix protease activity, actin (de-)polymerization, and signaling events are explained, and molecular pH sensors stimulated by H+ signaling are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Allert C, Müller-Tidow C, Blank MF. The relevance of the hematopoietic niche for therapy resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:197-209. [PMID: 37565773 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts not only suppresses normal hematopoiesis, but also alters the microenvironment. The interplay of different components of the bone marrow gives rise to altered metabolic states and activates signaling pathways which lead to resistance and impede effective therapy. Therefore, the underlying processes and mechanisms represent attractive therapeutic leverage points for overcoming therapy resistance in AML. Here, we briefly discuss resistance mechanisms based on cell interactions and secreted soluble factors in the hematopoietic niche and provide an overview of niche-related therapeutic targets currently undergoing preclinical and clinical investigation which may help improve the outcome in AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catana Allert
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University of Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Felix Blank
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), University of Heidelberg and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Li X, Guan H, Ma C, Dai Y, Su J, Chen X, Yuan Q, Wang J. Combination of bulk RNA sequencing and scRNA sequencing uncover the molecular characteristics of MAPK signaling in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1414-1439. [PMID: 38217548 PMCID: PMC10866414 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The MAPK signaling pathway significantly impacts cancer progression and resistance; however, its functions remain incompletely assessed across various cancers, particularly in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Therefore, there is an urgent need for comprehensive pan-cancer investigations of MAPK signaling, particularly within the context of KIRC. In this research, we obtained TCGA pan-cancer multi-omics data and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the genomic and transcriptomic characteristics of the MAPK signaling pathway. For in-depth investigation in KIRC, status of MAPK pathway was quantitatively estimated by ssGSEA and Ward algorithm was utilized for cluster analysis. Molecular characteristics and clinical prognoses of KIRC patients with distinct MAPK activities were comprehensively explored using a series of bioinformatics algorithms. Subsequently, a combination of LASSO and COX regression analyses were utilized sequentially to construct a MAPK-related signature to help identify the risk level of each sample. Patients in the C1 subtype exhibited relatively higher levels of MAPK signaling activity, which were associated with abundant immune cell infiltration and favorable clinical outcomes. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of KIRC samples identified seven distinct cell types, and endothelial cells in tumor tissues had obviously higher MAPK scores than normal tissues. The immunohistochemistry results indicated the reduced expression levels of PAPSS1, MAP3K11, and SPRED1 in KIRC samples. In conclusion, our study represents the first integration of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing to elucidate the molecular characteristics of MAPK signaling in KIRC, providing a solid foundation for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hewen Guan
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuanyu Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunfei Dai
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji Su
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Benxi, Benxi, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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10
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Kardum Hjort C, Paris JR, Smith HG, Dudaniec RY. Selection despite low genetic diversity and high gene flow in a rapid island invasion of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17212. [PMID: 37990959 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species are predicted to adjust their morphological, physiological and life-history traits to adapt to their non-native environments. Although a loss of genetic variation during invasion may restrict local adaptation, introduced species often thrive in novel environments. Despite being founded by just a few individuals, Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) has in less than 30 years successfully spread across the island of Tasmania (Australia), becoming abundant and competitive with native pollinators. We use RADseq to investigate what neutral and adaptive genetic processes associated with environmental and morphological variation allow B. terrestris to thrive as an invasive species in Tasmania. Given the widespread abundance of B. terrestris, we expected little genetic structure across Tasmania and weak signatures of environmental and morphological selection. We found high gene flow with low genetic diversity, although with significant isolation-by-distance and spatial variation in effective migration rates. Restricted migration was evident across the mid-central region of Tasmania, corresponding to higher elevations, pastural land, low wind speeds and low precipitation seasonality. Tajima's D indicated a recent population expansion extending from the south to the north of the island. Selection signatures were found for loci in relation to precipitation, wind speed and wing loading. Candidate loci were annotated to genes with functions related to cuticle water retention and insect flight muscle stability. Understanding how a genetically impoverished invasive bumblebee has rapidly adapted to a novel island environment provides further understanding about the evolutionary processes that determine successful insect invasions, and the potential for invasive hymenopteran pollinators to spread globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Kardum Hjort
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine R Paris
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rachael Y Dudaniec
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Leite G, de Freitas Germano J, Morales W, Weitsman S, Barlow GM, Parodi G, Pimentel ML, Villanueva-Millan MJ, Sanchez M, Ayyad S, Rezaie A, Mathur R, Pimentel M. Cytolethal distending toxin B inoculation leads to distinct gut microtypes and IBS-D-like microRNA-mediated gene expression changes in a rodent model. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2293170. [PMID: 38108386 PMCID: PMC10730147 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2293170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), associated with increased intestinal permeability, inflammation, and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, can be triggered by acute gastroenteritis. Cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) is produced by gastroenteritis-causing pathogens and may underlie IBS-D development, through molecular mimicry with vinculin. Here, we examine the effects of exposure to CdtB alone on gut microbiome composition, host intestinal gene expression, and IBS-D-like phenotypes in a rat model. CdtB-inoculated rats exhibited increased anti-CdtB levels, which correlated with increased stool wet weights, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL2) and predicted microbial metabolic pathways including inflammatory responses, TNF responses, and diarrhea. Three distinct ileal microbiome profiles (microtypes) were identified in CdtB-inoculated rats. The first microtype (most like controls) had altered relative abundance (RA) of genera Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, and Rothia. The second had lower microbial diversity, higher Escherichia-Shigella RA, higher absolute E. coli abundance, and altered host ileal tissue expression of immune-response and TNF-response genes compared to controls. The third microtype had higher microbial diversity, higher RA of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producer Desulfovibrio, and increased expression of H2S-associated pain/serotonin response genes. All CdtB-inoculated rats exhibited decreased ileal expression of cell junction component mRNAs, including vinculin-associated proteins. Significantly, cluster-specific microRNA-mRNA interactions controlling intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity/pain, and gastrointestinal motility genes, including several previously associated with IBS were seen. These findings demonstrate that exposure to CdtB toxin alone results in IBS-like phenotypes including inflammation and diarrhea-like stool, decreased expression of intestinal barrier components, and altered ileal microtypes that influenced changes in microRNA-modulated gene expression and predicted metabolic pathways consistent with specific IBS-D symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Leite
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Walter Morales
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Weitsman
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gillian M Barlow
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gonzalo Parodi
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maya L Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Maritza Sanchez
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Ayyad
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruchi Mathur
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark Pimentel
- Medically Associated Science and Technology (MAST) Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Hornigold K, Baker MJ, Machin PA, Chetwynd SA, Johnsson AK, Pantarelli C, Islam P, Stammers M, Crossland L, Oxley D, Okkenhaug H, Walker S, Walker R, Segonds-Pichon A, Fukui Y, Malliri A, Welch HCE. The Rac-GEF Tiam1 controls integrin-dependent neutrophil responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223653. [PMID: 38077328 PMCID: PMC10703174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rac GTPases are required for neutrophil adhesion and migration, and for the neutrophil effector responses that kill pathogens. These Rac-dependent functions are impaired when neutrophils lack the activators of Rac, Rac-GEFs from the Prex, Vav, and Dock families. In this study, we demonstrate that Tiam1 is also expressed in neutrophils, governing focal complexes, actin cytoskeletal dynamics, polarisation, and migration, in a manner depending on the integrin ligand to which the cells adhere. Tiam1 is dispensable for the generation of reactive oxygen species but mediates degranulation and NETs release in adherent neutrophils, as well as the killing of bacteria. In vivo, Tiam1 is required for neutrophil recruitment during aseptic peritonitis and for the clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae during pulmonary infection. However, Tiam1 functions differently to other Rac-GEFs. Instead of promoting neutrophil adhesion to ICAM1 and stimulating β2 integrin activity as could be expected, Tiam1 restricts these processes. In accordance with these paradoxical inhibitory roles, Tiam1 limits the fMLP-stimulated activation of Rac1 and Rac2 in adherent neutrophils, rather than activating Rac as expected. Tiam1 promotes the expression of several regulators of small GTPases and cytoskeletal dynamics, including αPix, Psd4, Rasa3, and Tiam2. It also controls the association of Rasa3, and potentially αPix, Git2, Psd4, and 14-3-3ζ/δ, with Rac. We propose these latter roles of Tiam1 underlie its effects on Rac and β2 integrin activity and on cell responses. Hence, Tiam1 is a novel regulator of Rac-dependent neutrophil responses that functions differently to other known neutrophil Rac-GEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Hornigold
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Baker
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Polly A. Machin
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Priota Islam
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Oxley
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon Walker
- Imaging Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Walker
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
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13
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Gazsó-Gerhát G, Gombos R, Tóth K, Kaltenecker P, Szikora S, Bíró J, Csapó E, Asztalos Z, Mihály J. FRL and DAAM are required for lateral adhesion of interommatidial cells and patterning of the retinal floor. Development 2023; 150:dev201713. [PMID: 37997920 PMCID: PMC10690107 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Optical insulation of the unit eyes (ommatidia) is an important prerequisite of precise sight with compound eyes. Separation of the ommatidia is ensured by pigment cells that organize into a hexagonal lattice in the Drosophila eye, forming thin walls between the facets. Cell adhesion, mediated by apically and latero-basally located junctional complexes, is crucial for stable attachment of these cells to each other and the basal lamina. Whereas former studies have focused on the formation and remodelling of the cellular connections at the apical region, here, we report a specific alteration of the lateral adhesion of the lattice cells, leaving the apical junctions largely unaffected. We found that DAAM and FRL, two formin-type cytoskeleton regulatory proteins, play redundant roles in lateral adhesion of the interommatidial cells and patterning of the retinal floor. We show that formin-dependent cortical actin assembly is crucial for latero-basal sealing of the ommatidial lattice. We expect that the investigation of these previously unreported eye phenotypes will pave the way toward a better understanding of the three-dimensional aspects of compound eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gazsó-Gerhát
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Rita Gombos
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Péter Kaltenecker
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Judit Bíró
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Enikő Csapó
- Aktogen Hungary Ltd., Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Asztalos
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
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14
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Amezquita J, Desbois M, Opperman KJ, Pak JS, Christensen EL, Nguyen NT, Diaz-Garcia K, Borgen MA, Grill B. Axon development is regulated at genetic and proteomic interfaces between the integrin adhesome and the RPM-1 ubiquitin ligase signaling hub. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.566604. [PMID: 38014183 PMCID: PMC10680716 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.566604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrin signaling plays important roles in development and disease. An adhesion signaling network called the integrin adhesome has been principally defined using bioinformatics and proteomics. To date, the adhesome has not been studied using integrated proteomic and genetic approaches. Here, proteomic studies in C. elegans identified physical associations between the RPM-1 ubiquitin ligase signaling hub and numerous adhesome components including Talin, Kindlin and beta-integrin. C. elegans RPM-1 is orthologous to human MYCBP2, a prominent player in nervous system development associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Using neuron-specific, CRISPR loss-of-function strategies, we show that core adhesome components affect axon development and interact genetically with RPM-1. Mechanistically, Talin opposes RPM-1 in a functional 'tug-of-war' on growth cones that is required for accurate axon termination. Thus, our findings orthogonally validate the adhesome via multi-component genetic and physical interfaces with a key neuronal signaling hub and identify new links between the adhesome and brain disorders.
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15
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Fritz-Laylin LK, Titus MA. The evolution and diversity of actin-dependent cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:pe6. [PMID: 37906436 PMCID: PMC10846614 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-08-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many eukaryotic cells, including animal cells and unicellular amoebae, use dynamic-actin networks to crawl across solid surfaces. Recent discoveries of actin-dependent crawling in additional lineages have sparked interest in understanding how and when this type of motility evolved. Tracing the evolution of cell crawling requires understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying motility. Here we outline what is known about the diversity and evolution of the molecular mechanisms that drive cell motility, with a focus on actin-dependent crawling. Classic studies and recent work have revealed a surprising number of distinct mechanical modes of actin-dependent crawling used by different cell types and species to navigate different environments. The overlap in actin network regulators driving multiple types of actin-dependent crawling, along with cortical-actin networks that support the plasma membrane in these cells, suggest that actin motility and cortical actin networks might have a common evolutionary origin. The rapid development of additional evolutionarily diverse model systems, advanced imaging technologies, and CRISPR-based genetic tools, is opening the door to testing these and other new ideas about the evolution of actin-dependent cell crawling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret A. Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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16
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Luganini A, Serra V, Scarpellino G, Bhat SM, Munaron L, Fiorio Pla A, Gribaudo G. The US21 viroporin of human cytomegalovirus stimulates cell migration and adhesion. mBio 2023; 14:e0074923. [PMID: 37477430 PMCID: PMC10470750 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00749-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) US12 gene family contributes to virus-host interactions by regulating the virus' cell tropism and its evasion of host innate immune responses. US21, one of the 10 US12 genes (US12-US21), is a descendant of a captured cellular transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing gene. It encodes a 7TMD endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident viroporin (pUS21) capable of reducing the Ca2+ content of ER stores, which, in turn, protects cells against apoptosis. Since regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis affects a broad range of cellular responses, including cell motility, we investigated whether pUS21 might also interfere with this cytobiological consequence of Ca2+ signaling. Indeed, deletion of the US21 gene impaired the ability of HCMV-infected cells to migrate, whereas expression of US21 protein stimulated cell migration and adhesion, as well as focal adhesion (FA) dynamics, in a way that depended on its ability to manipulate ER Ca2+ content. Mechanistic studies revealed pUS21-mediated cell migration to involve calpain 2 activation since its inhibition prevented the viroporin's effects on cell motility. Pertinently, pUS21 expression stimulated a store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanism that may determine the activation of calpain 2 by promoting Ca2+ entry. Furthermore, pUS21 was observed to interact with talin-1, a calpain 2 substrate, and crucial protein component of FA complexes. A functional consequence of this interaction was confirmed by talin-1 knockdown, which abrogated the pUS21-mediated increase in cell migration. Together, these results indicate the US21-encoded viroporin to be a viral regulator of cell adhesion and migration in the context of HCMV infection. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that owes part of its success to the capture, duplication, and tuning of cellular genes to generate modern viral proteins which promote infection and persistence in the host by interfering with many cell biochemical and physiological pathways. The US21 viral protein provides an example of this evolutionary strategy: it is a cellular-derived calcium channel that manipulates intracellular calcium homeostasis to confer edges to HCMV replication. Here, we report on the characterization of a novel function of the US21 protein as a viral regulator of cell migration and adhesion through mechanisms involving its calcium channel activity. Characterization of HCMV multifunctional regulatory proteins, like US21, supports the better understanding of viral pathogenesis and may open avenues for the design of new antiviral strategies that exploit their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Luganini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scarpellino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Shree Madhu Bhat
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiorio Pla
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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17
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Kang M, Otani Y, Guo Y, Yan J, Goult BT, Howe AK. The focal adhesion protein talin is a mechanically-gated A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.20.554038. [PMID: 37645895 PMCID: PMC10462126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.20.554038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Protein Kinase A; PKA) is a ubiquitous, promiscuous kinase whose activity is focused and specified through subcellular localization mediated by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). PKA has complex roles as both an effector and a regulator of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recent observations demonstrate that PKA is an active component of focal adhesions (FA), intracellular complexes coupling ECM-bound integrins to the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting the existence of one or more FA AKAPs. Using a combination of a promiscuous biotin ligase fused to PKA type-IIα regulatory (RIIα) subunits and subcellular fractionation, we identify the archetypal FA protein talin1 as an AKAP. Talin is a large, mechanosensitive scaffold that directly links integrins to actin filaments and promotes FA assembly by recruiting additional components in a force-dependent manner. The rod region of talin1 consists of 62 α-helices bundled into 13 rod domains, R1-R13. Direct binding assays and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identify helix41 in the R9 subdomain of talin as the PKA binding site. PKA binding to helix41 requires unfolding of the R9 domain, which requires the linker region between R9 and R10. Finally, single-molecule experiments with talin1 and PKA, and experiments in cells manipulated to alter actomyosin contractility demonstrate that the PKA-talin interaction is regulated by mechanical force across the talin molecule. These observations identify the first mechanically-gated anchoring protein for PKA, a new force-dependent binding partner for talin1, and thus a new mechanism for coupling cellular tension and signal transduction.
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18
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Rahikainen R, Vester SK, Turkki P, Janosko CP, Deiters A, Hytönen VP, Howarth M. Visible light-induced specific protein reaction delineates early stages of cell adhesion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.549850. [PMID: 37503248 PMCID: PMC10370186 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.549850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Light is well established for control of bond breakage, but not for control of specific bond formation in complex environments. We previously engineered diffusion-limited reactivity of SpyTag003 peptide with its protein partner SpyCatcher003 through spontaneous transamidation. This system enables precise and irreversible assembly of biological building blocks, with applications from biomaterials to vaccines. Here, we establish a system for rapid control of this amide bond formation with visible light. We have generated a caged SpyCatcher003, which allows light triggering of covalent bond formation to SpyTag003 in mammalian cells. Photocaging is achieved through site-specific incorporation of an unnatural coumarin-lysine at the reactive site of SpyCatcher003. We showed uniform specific reaction in cell lysate upon light activation. We then used the spatiotemporal precision of a 405 nm confocal laser for uncaging in seconds, probing the earliest events in mechanotransduction by talin, the key force sensor between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. Reconstituting talin induced rapid biphasic extension of lamellipodia, revealing the kinetics of talin-regulated cell spreading and polarization. Thereafter we determined the hierarchy of recruitment of key components for cell adhesion. Precise control over site-specific protein reaction with visible light creates diverse opportunities for cell biology and nanoassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolle Rahikainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susan K. Vester
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Current address: Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, New Hunt’s House, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Paula Turkki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Chasity P. Janosko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland and Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
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19
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Zhang W, Wu Y, J Gunst S. Membrane adhesion junctions regulate airway smooth muscle phenotype and function. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2321-2347. [PMID: 36796098 PMCID: PMC10243546 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00020.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The local environment surrounding airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells has profound effects on the physiological and phenotypic properties of ASM tissues. ASM is continually subjected to the mechanical forces generated during breathing and to the constituents of its surrounding extracellular milieu. The smooth muscle cells within the airways continually modulate their properties to adapt to these changing environmental influences. Smooth muscle cells connect to the extracellular cell matrix (ECM) at membrane adhesion junctions that provide mechanical coupling between smooth muscle cells within the tissue. Membrane adhesion junctions also sense local environmental signals and transduce them to cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling pathways in the ASM cell. Adhesion junctions are composed of clusters of transmembrane integrin proteins that bind to ECM proteins outside the cell and to large multiprotein complexes in the submembranous cytoplasm. Physiological conditions and stimuli from the surrounding ECM are sensed by integrin proteins and transduced by submembranous adhesion complexes to signaling pathways to the cytoskeleton and nucleus. The transmission of information between the local environment of the cells and intracellular processes enables ASM cells to rapidly adapt their physiological properties to modulating influences in their extracellular environment: mechanical and physical forces that impinge on the cell, ECM constituents, local mediators, and metabolites. The structure and molecular organization of adhesion junction complexes and the actin cytoskeleton are dynamic and constantly changing in response to environmental influences. The ability of ASM to rapidly accommodate to the ever-changing conditions and fluctuating physical forces within its local environment is essential for its normal physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Yidi Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Susan J Gunst
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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20
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Gallego-Paez LM, Edwards WJS, Chanduri M, Guo Y, Koorman T, Lee CY, Grexa N, Derksen P, Yan J, Schwartz MA, Mauer J, Goult BT. TLN1 contains a cancer-associated cassette exon that alters talin-1 mechanosensitivity. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213923. [PMID: 36880935 PMCID: PMC9997659 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Talin-1 is the core mechanosensitive adapter protein linking integrins to the cytoskeleton. The TLN1 gene is comprised of 57 exons that encode the 2,541 amino acid TLN1 protein. TLN1 was previously considered to be expressed as a single isoform. However, through differential pre-mRNA splicing analysis, we discovered a cancer-enriched, non-annotated 51-nucleotide exon in TLN1 between exons 17 and 18, which we refer to as exon 17b. TLN1 is comprised of an N-terminal FERM domain, linked to 13 force-dependent switch domains, R1-R13. Inclusion of exon 17b introduces an in-frame insertion of 17 amino acids immediately after Gln665 in the region between R1 and R2 which lowers the force required to open the R1-R2 switches potentially altering downstream mechanotransduction. Biochemical analysis of this isoform revealed enhanced vinculin binding, and cells expressing this variant show altered adhesion dynamics and motility. Finally, we showed that the TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway regulates this isoform switch. Future studies will need to consider the balance of these two TLN1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manasa Chanduri
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanyu Guo
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Grexa
- Biomed X Institute (GmbH) , Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jie Yan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center , New Haven, CT, USA.,Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jan Mauer
- Biomed X Institute (GmbH) , Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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21
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Zhang W, Lu CH, Nakamoto ML, Tsai CT, Roy AR, Lee CE, Yang Y, Jahed Z, Li X, Cui B. Curved adhesions mediate cell attachment to soft matrix fibres in 3D. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532975. [PMID: 36993504 PMCID: PMC10055138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells adhere to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and sense mechanical cues through integrin-mediated adhesions 1, 2 . Focal adhesions and related structures are the primary architectures that transmit forces between the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton. Although focal adhesions are abundant when cells are cultured on rigid substrates, they are sparse in soft environments that cannot support high mechanical tensions 3 . Here, we report a new class of integrin-mediated adhesions, curved adhesions, whose formation is regulated by membrane curvature instead of mechanical tension. In soft matrices made of protein fibres, curved adhesions are induced by membrane curvatures imposed by the fibre geometry. Curved adhesions are mediated by integrin ɑVβ5 and are molecularly distinct from focal adhesions and clathrin lattices. The molecular mechanism involves a previously unknown interaction between integrin β5 and a curvature-sensing protein FCHo2. We find that curved adhesions are prevalent in physiologically relevant environments. Disruption of curved adhesions by knocking down integrin β5 or FCHo2 abolishes the migration of multiple cancer cell lines in 3D matrices. These findings provide a mechanism of cell anchorage to natural protein fibres that are too soft to support the formation of focal adhesions. Given their functional importance for 3D cell migration, curved adhesions may serve as a therapeutic target for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Ching-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anish R. Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christina E. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute and ChEM-H institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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22
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McGowan SE. Discoidin domain receptor-2 enhances secondary alveolar septation in mice by activating integrins and modifying focal adhesions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L307-L324. [PMID: 36719983 PMCID: PMC9988528 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00169.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the pulmonary parenchyma must maintain the structural relationships among resident cells during the constant distortion imposed by respiration. This dictates that both the ECM and cells adapt to changes in shape, while retaining their attachment. Membrane-associated integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDR) bind collagen and transmit signals to the cellular cytoskeleton. Although the contributions of DDR2 to collagen deposition and remodeling during osseous development are evident, it is unclear how DDR2 contributes to lung development. Using mice (smallie, Slie/Slie, DDR2Δ) bearing a spontaneous inactivating deletion within the DDR2 coding region, we observed a decrease in gas-exchange surface area and enlargement of alveolar ducts. Compared with fibroblasts isolated from littermate controls, DDR2Δ fibroblasts, spread more slowly, developed fewer lamellipodia, and were less responsive to the rigidity of neighboring collagen fibers. Activated β1-integrin (CD29) was reduced in focal adhesions (FA) of DDR2Δ fibroblasts, less phospho-zyxin localized to and fewer FA developed over ventral actin stress fibers, and the adhesions had a lower aspect ratio compared with controls. However, DDR2 deletion did not reduce cellular displacement of the ECM. Our findings indicate that DDR2, in concert with collagen-binding β1-integrins, regulates the timing and location of focal adhesion formation and how lung fibroblasts respond to ECM rigidity. Reduced rigidity sensing and mechano-responsiveness may contribute to the distortion of alveolar ducts, where the fiber cable-network is enriched and tensile forces are concentrated. Strategies targeting DDR2 could help guide fibroblasts to locations where tensile forces organize parenchymal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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23
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Haage A, Tanentzapf G. Analysis of Integrin-Dependent Melanoblast Migration During Development. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2608:207-221. [PMID: 36653710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2887-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient embryonic structure that gives rise to a number of important cell types and tissues, including most of the peripheral and enteric nervous systems, pigment-producing skin cells known as melanocytes, and many craniofacial structures. Melanoblasts, the precursors of melanocytes, are derived from the so-called trunk neural crest cells. These cells delaminate and migrate along a dorsolateral pathway to colonize their final destination in the skin, and consequently, defects in melanoblast migration result in pigmentation defects. Studying melanocyte migration is a topic of great interest due to the involvement of melanocytes in highly metastatic skin cancer. A role for integrin-mediated adhesion is well established in neural crest migration, and our recent work has provided direct evidence for a key role for integrin-based adhesion in melanocyte migration. Imaging of melanoblast migration in the context of intact skin has proven to be a particularly powerful tool to study integrin-based adhesion during melanoblast migration. Here, we describe the use of skin explants combined with genetically encoded markers for melanocytes and high-resolution live imaging as a powerful and informative approach to analyze melanoblast migration in an ex vivo context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Haage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Sadeghian F, Ibrahim I, Ravichandran L, Henderson G, Acharya A, Wang L, Lee M, Cram EJ. An integrin binding motif in TLN-1/talin plays a minor role in motility and ovulation. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000726. [PMID: 36685729 PMCID: PMC9850256 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
TLN-1/talin is a conserved focal adhesion protein that forms part of the linkage between the cytoplasmic tail of integrin and the actin cytoskeleton. In C. elegans , TLN-1 is expressed strongly in striated muscle and the gonadal sheath cells. Here, we report that a CRISPR-generated TLN-1 allele TLN-1(W387A), predicted to affect binding of talin to integrins, results in mild phenotypes, including motility defects and ovulation defects. The arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in the body wall muscles, spermatheca, and sheath appears identical in wild type and TLN-1(W387A) animals. This analysis suggests that W387 in TLN-1 does not have a major effect on the binding of talin to integrin in vivo .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Myeongwoo Lee
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Erin J. Cram
- Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, MA, USA
,
Correspondence to: Erin J. Cram (
)
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25
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Hawkes W, Marhuenda E, Reynolds P, O'Neill C, Pandey P, Samuel Wilson DG, Freeley M, Huang D, Hu J, Gondarenko S, Hone J, Gadegaard N, Palma M, Iskratsch T. Regulation of cardiomyocyte adhesion and mechanosignalling through distinct nanoscale behaviour of integrin ligands mimicking healthy or fibrotic extracellular matrix. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20220021. [PMID: 36189804 PMCID: PMC9527911 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of the cardiovascular environment changes during ageing and in disease and contributes to disease incidence and progression. Changing collagen expression and cross-linking regulate the rigidity of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, basal lamina glycoproteins, especially laminin and fibronectin regulate cardiomyocyte adhesion formation, mechanics and mechanosignalling. Laminin is abundant in the healthy heart, but fibronectin is increasingly expressed in the fibrotic heart. ECM receptors are co-regulated with the changing ECM. Owing to differences in integrin dynamics, clustering and downstream adhesion formation this is expected to ultimately influence cardiomyocyte mechanosignalling; however, details remain elusive. Here, we sought to investigate how different cardiomyocyte integrin/ligand combinations affect adhesion formation, traction forces and mechanosignalling, using a combination of uniformly coated surfaces with defined stiffness, polydimethylsiloxane nanopillars, micropatterning and specifically designed bionanoarrays for precise ligand presentation. Thereby we found that the adhesion nanoscale organization, signalling and traction force generation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (which express both laminin and fibronectin binding integrins) are strongly dependent on the integrin/ligand combination. Together our data indicate that the presence of fibronectin in combination with the enhanced stiffness in fibrotic areas will strongly impact on the cardiomyocyte behaviour and influence disease progression. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hawkes
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paul Reynolds
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caoimhe O'Neill
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Pragati Pandey
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Mark Freeley
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Junquiang Hu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sasha Gondarenko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - James Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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26
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Toh K, Nishio K, Nakagawa R, Egoshi S, Abo M, Perron A, Sato SI, Okumura N, Koizumi N, Dodo K, Sodeoka M, Uesugi M. Chemoproteomic Identification of Blue-Light-Damaged Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20171-20176. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Toh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nishio
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Syusuke Egoshi
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Amelie Perron
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Okumura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Noriko Koizumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
| | - Kosuke Dodo
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of China
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Lin J, Ling Q, Yan L, Chen B, Wang F, Qian Y, Gao Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Sun X, Shi Y, Kong X. Ancient Herbal Formula Mahuang Lianqiao Chixiaodou Decoction Protects Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure via Inhibiting von Willebrand Factor Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:3368. [PMID: 36359765 PMCID: PMC9656135 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are characterized by systemic inflammation and high mortality, but there is no effective clinical treatment. As a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, MaHuang-LianQiao-ChiXiaoDou decoction (MHLQD) has been used clinically for centuries to treat liver diseases. METHODS The LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF mice model and the CCl4+LPS/D-GalN-induced ACLF mice model were used to observe the therapeutic effects of MHLQD on mice mortality, hepatocytes death, liver injury, and immune responses. RESULTS MHLQD treatment significantly improved mice mortality. Liver injury and systemic and hepatic immune responses were also ameliorated after MHLQD treatment. Mechanistically, proteomic changes in MHLQD-treated liver tissues were analyzed and the result showed that the thrombogenic von Willebrand factor (VWF) was significantly inhibited in MHLQD-treated ALF and ACLF models. Histological staining and western blotting confirmed that VWF/RAP1B/ITGB3 signaling was suppressed in MHLQD-treated ALF and ACLF models. Furthermore, mice treated with the VWF inhibitor ADAMTS13 showed a reduced therapeutic effect from MHLQD treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that MHLQD is an effective herbal formula for the treatment of ALF and ACLF, which might be attributed to the protection of hepatocytes from death via VWF/RAP1B/ITGB3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Lin
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qihua Ling
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of General Practice, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bowu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yihan Qian
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yueqiu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xuehua Sun
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanjun Shi
- Abdominal Transplantation Center, General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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28
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Bohere J, Eldridge-Thomas BL, Kolahgar G. Vinculin recruitment to α-catenin halts the differentiation and maturation of enterocyte progenitors to maintain homeostasis of the Drosophila intestine. eLife 2022; 11:e72836. [PMID: 36269226 PMCID: PMC9586559 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms communicating changes in tissue stiffness and size are particularly relevant in the intestine because it is subject to constant mechanical stresses caused by peristalsis of its variable content. Using the Drosophila intestinal epithelium, we investigate the role of vinculin, one of the best characterised mechanoeffectors, which functions in both cadherin and integrin adhesion complexes. We discovered that vinculin regulates cell fate decisions, by preventing precocious activation and differentiation of intestinal progenitors into absorptive cells. It achieves this in concert with α-catenin at sites of cadherin adhesion, rather than as part of integrin function. Following asymmetric division of the stem cell into a stem cell and an enteroblast (EB), the two cells initially remain connected by adherens junctions, where vinculin is required, only on the EB side, to maintain the EB in a quiescent state and inhibit further divisions of the stem cell. By manipulating cell tension, we show that vinculin recruitment to adherens junction regulates EB activation and numbers. Consequently, removing vinculin results in an enlarged gut with improved resistance to starvation. Thus, mechanical regulation at the contact between stem cells and their progeny is used to control tissue cell number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Bohere
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Buffy L Eldridge-Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Golnar Kolahgar
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing St, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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29
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Kyumurkov A, Bouin AP, Boissan M, Manet S, Baschieri F, Proponnet-Guerault M, Balland M, Destaing O, Régent-Kloeckner M, Calmel C, Nicolas A, Waharte F, Chavrier P, Montagnac G, Planus E, Albiges-Rizo C. Force tuning through regulation of clathrin-dependent integrin endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213549. [PMID: 36250940 PMCID: PMC9579986 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin endocytosis is essential for many fundamental cellular processes. Whether and how the internalization impacts cellular mechanics remains elusive. Whereas previous studies reported the contribution of the integrin activator, talin, in force development, the involvement of inhibitors is less documented. We identified ICAP-1 as an integrin inhibitor involved in mechanotransduction by co-working with NME2 to control clathrin-mediated endocytosis of integrins at the edge of focal adhesions (FA). Loss of ICAP-1 enables β3-integrin-mediated force generation independently of β1 integrin. β3-integrin-mediated forces were associated with a decrease in β3 integrin dynamics stemming from their reduced diffusion within adhesion sites and slow turnover of FA. The decrease in β3 integrin dynamics correlated with a defect in integrin endocytosis. ICAP-1 acts as an adaptor for clathrin-dependent endocytosis of integrins. ICAP-1 controls integrin endocytosis by interacting with NME2, a key regulator of dynamin-dependent clathrin-coated pits fission. Control of clathrin-mediated integrin endocytosis by an inhibitor is an unprecedented mechanism to tune forces at FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kyumurkov
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Pascale Bouin
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Manet
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, UMR CNRS 5588, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Myriam Régent-Kloeckner
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Claire Calmel
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Alice Nicolas
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETIMinatec, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Microelectronics Technology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - François Waharte
- University Sorbonne, INSERM UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, CRSA, Paris, France,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Hormonology, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, UMR144, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Centre Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Inserm U1279, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France,Correspondence to Emmanuelle Planus: mailto:
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- University Grenoble Alpes, INSERM 1209, CNRS UMR5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France,Corinne Albiges-Rizo:
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30
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Bhattacharjya S. The structural basis of β2 integrin intra-cellular multi-protein complexes. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1183-1195. [PMID: 36345283 PMCID: PMC9636337 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell adhesion is a pivotal physiological process which is essential for cell-cell communications, cell migration, and interactions with extracellular matrix. Integrins, a family of large hetero-dimeric type I membrane proteins, are known for driving cell adhesion functions. Among 24 different integrins, four β2 integrins, αL β2, αM β2, αX β2 and αD β2, are specific for cell adhesion and migration of leukocytes. Many cytosolic proteins interact with short cytosolic tails (CTs) of β2 and other integrins which are essential in bi-directional signaling processes. Further, phosphorylation of CTs of integrins regulates binding of intra-cellular proteins and signaling systems. In this review, recent advances in structures and interactions of multi-protein complexes of integrin tails, with a focus on β2 integrin, and cytosolic proteins are discussed along with a proposed future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Bhattacharjya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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31
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Tribollet V, Cerutti C, Géloën A, Berger E, De Mets R, Balland M, Courchet J, Vanacker JM, Forcet C. ERRα coordinates actin and focal adhesion dynamics. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1429-1438. [PMID: 35379907 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00461-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration depends on the dynamic organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions (FAs). However, the precise mechanisms coordinating these processes remain poorly understood. We previously identified the oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) as a major regulator of cell migration. Here, we show that loss of ERRα leads to abnormal accumulation of actin filaments that is associated with an increased level of inactive form of the actin-depolymerising factor cofilin. We further show that ERRα depletion decreases cell adhesion and results in defective FA formation and turnover. Interestingly, specific inhibition of the RhoA-ROCK-LIMK-cofilin pathway rescues the actin polymerisation defects resulting from ERRα silencing, but not cell adhesion. Instead, we found that MAP4K4 is a direct target of ERRα and down-regulation of its activity rescues cell adhesion and FA formation in the ERRα-depleted cells. Altogether, our results highlight a crucial role of ERRα in coordinating the dynamic of actin network and FAs through the independent regulation of the RhoA and MAP4K4 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Tribollet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Géloën
- Université de Lyon, UMR Ecologie Microbienne (LEM), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" (BPOE), 69622, Villeurbanne, cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Berger
- Université de Lyon, UMR Ecologie Microbienne (LEM), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" (BPOE), 69622, Villeurbanne, cedex, France
| | - Richard De Mets
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Martial Balland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Grenoble Alpes University, 38402, Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INSERM, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Forcet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007, Lyon, France.
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32
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Plasma Concentrations of Vinculin versus Talin-1 in Coronary Artery Disease. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10030046. [PMID: 36135831 PMCID: PMC9502881 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin and talin-1, which are cytoskeletal proteins affecting focal adhesions, were reported to be down-expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. Recently, we reported high concentrations of plasma talin-1 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, blood vinculin concentrations in CAD patients have not been clarified. Plasma vinculin concentrations as well as talin-1 were studied in 327 patients in whom coronary angiography was performed. CAD was proven in 177 patients (1-vessel, n = 79; 2-vessel, n = 57; 3-vessel disease, n = 41). However, vinculin concentrations were not markedly different between the CAD(-) and CAD groups (median 122.5 vs. 119.6 pg/mL, p = 0.325) or among patients with CAD(-), 1-, 2-, and 3-vessel diseases (122.5, 112.8, 107.9, and 137.2 pg/mL, p = 0.202). In contrast, talin-1 concentrations were higher in CAD than the CAD(-) group (0.29 vs. 0.23 ng/mL, p = 0.006) and increased stepwise in the number of stenotic vessels: 0.23 in CAD(-), 0.28 in 1-vessel, 0.29 in 2-vessel, and 0.33 ng/mL in 3-vessel disease (p = 0.043). No correlation was observed between vinculin and talin-1 concentrations. In multivariate analysis, vinculin concentrations were not a factor for CAD. In conclusion, plasma vinculin concentrations in patients with CAD were not high and were not associated with the presence or severity of CAD.
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Fierro Morales JC, Xue Q, Roh-Johnson M. An evolutionary and physiological perspective on cell-substrate adhesion machinery for cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943606. [PMID: 36092727 PMCID: PMC9453864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-substrate adhesion is a critical aspect of many forms of cell migration. Cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix (ECM) generates traction forces necessary for efficient migration. One of the most well-studied structures cells use to adhere to the ECM is focal adhesions, which are composed of a multilayered protein complex physically linking the ECM to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Much of our understanding of focal adhesions, however, is primarily derived from in vitro studies in Metazoan systems. Though these studies provide a valuable foundation to the cell-substrate adhesion field, the evolution of cell-substrate adhesion machinery across evolutionary space and the role of focal adhesions in vivo are largely understudied within the field. Furthering investigation in these areas is necessary to bolster our understanding of the role cell-substrate adhesion machinery across Eukaryotes plays during cell migration in physiological contexts such as cancer and pathogenesis. In this review, we review studies of cell-substrate adhesion machinery in organisms evolutionary distant from Metazoa and cover the current understanding and ongoing work on how focal adhesions function in single and collective cell migration in an in vivo environment, with an emphasis on work that directly visualizes cell-substrate adhesions. Finally, we discuss nuances that ought to be considered moving forward and the importance of future investigation in these emerging fields for application in other fields pertinent to adhesion-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Nasser A, Mosadegh M, Azimi T, Shariati A. Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:12. [PMID: 35718793 PMCID: PMC9207015 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different gastrointestinal pathogens cause diarrhea which is a very common problem in children aged under 5 years. Among bacterial pathogens, Shigella is one of the main causes of diarrhea among children, and it accounts for approximately 11% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years. The case-fatality rates for Shigella among the infants and children aged 1 to 4 years are 13.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Shigella uses unique effector proteins to modulate intracellular pathways. Shigella cannot invade epithelial cells on the apical site; therefore, it needs to pass epithelium through other cells rather than the epithelial cell. After passing epithelium, macrophage swallows Shigella, and the latter should prepare itself to exhibit at least two types of responses: (I) escaping phagocyte and (II) mediating invasion of and injury to the recurrent PMN. The presence of PMN and invitation to a greater degree resulted in gut membrane injuries and greater bacterial penetration. Infiltration of Shigella to the basolateral space mediates (A) cell attachment, (B) cell entry, (C) evasion of autophagy recognition, (D) vacuole formation and and vacuole rapture, (E) intracellular life, (F) Shiga toxin, and (G) immune response. In this review, an attempt is made to explain the role of each factor in Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nasser
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Mosadegh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taher Azimi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Aref Shariati
- Molecular and medicine research center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
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35
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Abstract
We show that interfering with insect chitin deacetylation by down-regulation of specific chitin deacetylase (CDA) isoforms, belonging to subfamily group I, causes breakage of the chitinous internal tendon cuticle at the femur–tibia joint, muscle detachment from both internal and external tendon cells, and defective locomotion. Our studies reveal a previously unrecognized role of CDA-like proteins in cooperation with zona pellucida domain-containing proteins in musculoskeletal connectivity, maintenance of tendon cell microtubule integrity, muscle force transmission, limb movement, and locomotion. We propose an essential function for group I CDAs, which are highly conserved among insect and other arthropod species, in invertebrate musculoskeletal connectivity involving partially deacetylated chitin in the extracellular matrix overlying the tendon cells. Muscle attachment sites (MASs, apodemes) in insects and other arthropods involve specialized epithelial cells, called tendon cells or tenocytes, that adhere to apical extracellular matrices containing chitin. Here, we have uncovered a function for chitin deacetylases (CDAs) in arthropod locomotion and muscle attachment using a double-stranded RNA-mediated gene-silencing approach targeted toward specific CDA isoforms in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Tc). Depletion of TcCDA1 or the alternatively spliced TcCDA2 isoform, TcCDA2a, resulted in internal tendon cuticle breakage at the femur–tibia joint, muscle detachment from both internal and external tendon cells, and defective locomotion. TcCDA deficiency did not affect early muscle development and myofiber growth toward the cuticular MASs but instead resulted in aborted microtubule development, loss of hemiadherens junctions, and abnormal morphology of tendon cells, all features consistent with a loss of tension within and between cells. Moreover, simultaneous depletion of TcCDA1 or TcCDA2a and the zona pellucida domain protein, TcDumpy, prevented the internal tendon cuticle break, further supporting a role for force-dependent interactions between muscle and tendon cells. We propose that in T. castaneum, the absence of N-acetylglucosamine deacetylation within chitin leads to a loss of microtubule organization and reduced membrane contacts at MASs in the femur, which adversely affect musculoskeletal connectivity, force transmission, and physical mobility.
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36
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Wang MS, Hu Y, Sanchez EE, Xie X, Roy NH, de Jesus M, Winer BY, Zale EA, Jin W, Sachar C, Lee JH, Hong Y, Kim M, Kam LC, Salaita K, Huse M. Mechanically active integrins target lytic secretion at the immune synapse to facilitate cellular cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3222. [PMID: 35680882 PMCID: PMC9184626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30809-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic lymphocytes fight pathogens and cancer by forming immune synapses with infected or transformed target cells and then secreting cytotoxic perforin and granzyme into the synaptic space, with potent and specific killing achieved by this focused delivery. The mechanisms that establish the precise location of secretory events, however, remain poorly understood. Here we use single cell biophysical measurements, micropatterning, and functional assays to demonstrate that localized mechanotransduction helps define the position of secretory events within the synapse. Ligand-bound integrins, predominantly the αLβ2 isoform LFA-1, function as spatial cues to attract lytic granules containing perforin and granzyme and induce their fusion with the plasma membrane for content release. LFA-1 is subjected to pulling forces within secretory domains, and disruption of these forces via depletion of the adaptor molecule talin abrogates cytotoxicity. We thus conclude that lymphocytes employ an integrin-dependent mechanical checkpoint to enhance their cytotoxic power and fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Wang
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pharmacology Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elisa E Sanchez
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xihe Xie
- Neuroscience Program, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan H Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Miguel de Jesus
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Winer
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Zale
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiyang Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chirag Sachar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne H Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yeonsun Hong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lance C Kam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Functional Remodeling of the Contractile Smooth Muscle Cell Cortex, a Provocative Concept, Supported by Direct Visualization of Cortical Remodeling. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050662. [PMID: 35625390 PMCID: PMC9138025 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary As a key element of the smooth muscle cell contractile apparatus, the actin cytoskeleton participates in the development of force by acting as a molecular track for the myosin cross bridge motor. At the same time, the actin cytoskeleton must transmit the force developed during contraction to the extracellular matrix and, thus, to neighboring cells. This propagation of force to the cell periphery and beyond is initiated in part on specifically localized cellular cortical actin filaments also involved in mechano-chemical transduction. During the contractile process itself and in response to extracellular structural and chemical alterations, the smooth muscle actin cytoskeletal remodels. This indicates that the cytoskeleton is a dynamic cellular organelle that adapts to the changes in cell shape and chemical cues. Current evidence connecting contractile function and mechano-transduction mechanisms to the plasticity of the vascular smooth muscle actin cytoskeleton is reviewed; we then describe new evidence for cytoskeletal remodeling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Here, using immunoelectron microscopy, we visualize the actin binding proteins filamin A, zyxin and talin in these cells and show that they participate in the cortical cell cytoskeletal alteration, thus supporting the premise that smooth muscle cell remodeling occurs during contraction. Abstract Considerable controversy has surrounded the functional anatomy of the cytoskeleton of the contractile vascular smooth muscle cell. Recent studies have suggested a dynamic nature of the cortical cytoskeleton of these cells, but direct proof has been lacking. Here, we review past studies in this area suggesting a plasticity of smooth muscle cells. We also present images testing these suggestions by using the technique of immunoelectron microscopy of metal replicas to directly visualize the cortical actin cytoskeleton of the contractile smooth muscle cell along with interactions by representative cytoskeletal binding proteins. We find the cortical cytoskeletal matrix to be a branched, interconnected network of linear actin bundles. Here, the focal adhesion proteins talin and zyxin were localized with nanometer accuracy. Talin is reported in past studies to span the integrin–cytoplasm distance in fibroblasts and zyxin is known to be an adaptor protein between alpha-actinin and VASP. In response to activation of signal transduction with the alpha-agonist phenylephrine, we found that no movement of talin was detectable but that the zyxin-zyxin spacing was statistically significantly decreased in the smooth muscle cells examined. Contractile smooth muscle is often assumed to have a fixed cytoskeletal structure. Thus, the results included here are important in that they directly support the concept at the electron microscopic level that the focal adhesion of the contractile smooth muscle cell has a dynamic nature and that the protein–protein interfaces showing plasticity are protein-specific.
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Akhmanova M, Emtenani S, Krueger D, Gyoergy A, Guarda M, Vlasov M, Vlasov F, Akopian A, Ratheesh A, De Renzis S, Siekhaus DE. Cell division in tissues enables macrophage infiltration. Science 2022; 376:394-396. [PMID: 35446632 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.19.438995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells migrate through crowded microenvironments within tissues during normal development, immune response, and cancer metastasis. Although migration through pores and tracks in the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been well studied, little is known about cellular traversal into confining cell-dense tissues. We find that embryonic tissue invasion by Drosophila macrophages requires division of an epithelial ectodermal cell at the site of entry. Dividing ectodermal cells disassemble ECM attachment formed by integrin-mediated focal adhesions next to mesodermal cells, allowing macrophages to move their nuclei ahead and invade between two immediately adjacent tissues. Invasion efficiency depends on division frequency, but reduction of adhesion strength allows macrophage entry independently of division. This work demonstrates that tissue dynamics can regulate cellular infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Krueger
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariana Guarda
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Fedor Vlasov
- Bundesgymnasium Klosterneuburg, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Aparna Ratheesh
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Stefano De Renzis
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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39
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Li H, Ai L, Ma Q, Qiao X, Yang J, Zhang H, Ou X, Wang Y, Chen G, Xue J, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Liu C. Binding blockade between TLN1 and integrin β1 represses triple-negative breast cancer. eLife 2022; 11:68481. [PMID: 35285795 PMCID: PMC8937232 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrin family are known as key gears in focal adhesion for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis. However, the integrin independent factor TLN1 remains vague in TNBC. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was performed based on TCGA database and Shengjing Hospital cohort. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of TLN1 and integrin pathway in cells. A small-molecule C67399 was screened for blocking TLN1 and integrin β1 through a novel computational screening approach by targeting the protein-protein binding interface. Drug pharmacodynamics were determined through xenograft assay. Results: Upregulation of TLN1 in TNBC samples correlates with metastasis and worse prognosis. Silencing TLN1 in TNBC cells significantly attenuated the migration of tumour cells through interfering the dynamic formation of focal adhesion with integrin β1, thus regulating FAK-AKT signal pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. Targeting the binding between TLN1 and integrin β1 by C67399 could repress metastasis of TNBC. Conclusions: TLN1 overexpression contributes to TNBC metastasis and C67399 targeting TLN1 may hold promise for TNBC treatment. Funding: This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872159, 81902607, 81874301), Liaoning Colleges Innovative Talent Support Program (Name: Cancer Stem Cell Origin and Biological Behaviour), Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital (201803), and Outstanding Young Scholars of Liaoning Province (2019-YQ-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lisha Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Haonan Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Liping Ai
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingtian Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinbo Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xunyan Ou
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanglei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinqi Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Yongliang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Cancer Stem Cell and Translational Medicine Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Innovative Cancer Drug Research and Development Engineering Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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40
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Gao J, Nakamura F. Actin-Associated Proteins and Small Molecules Targeting the Actin Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2118. [PMID: 35216237 PMCID: PMC8880164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-associated proteins (AAPs) act on monomeric globular actin (G-actin) and polymerized filamentous actin (F-actin) to regulate their dynamics and architectures which ultimately control cell movement, shape change, division; organelle localization and trafficking. Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) are a subset of AAPs. Since actin was discovered as a myosin-activating protein (hence named actin) in 1942, the protein has also been found to be expressed in non-muscle cells, and numerous AAPs continue to be discovered. This review article lists all of the AAPs discovered so far while also allowing readers to sort the list based on the names, sizes, functions, related human diseases, and the dates of discovery. The list also contains links to the UniProt and Protein Atlas databases for accessing further, related details such as protein structures, associated proteins, subcellular localization, the expression levels in cells and tissues, mutations, and pathology. Because the actin cytoskeleton is involved in many pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, invasion, and developmental diseases, small molecules that target actin and AAPs which hold potential to treat these diseases are also listed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fumihiko Nakamura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
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41
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Ren Q, Rao Y. The exit of axons and glial membrane from the developing Drosophila retina requires integrins. Mol Brain 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 34980203 PMCID: PMC8722191 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated development of neurons and glia is essential for the establishment of neuronal circuits during embryonic development. In the developing Drosophila visual system, photoreceptor (R cell) axons and wrapping glial (WG) membrane extend from the eye disc through the optic stalk into the optic lobe. Extensive studies have identified a number of genes that control the establishment of R-cell axonal projection pattern in the optic lobe. The molecular mechanisms directing the exit of R-cell axons and WG membrane from the eye disc, however, remain unknown. In this study, we show that integrins are required in R cells for the extension of R-cell axons and WG membrane from the eye disc into the optic stalk. Knockdown of integrins in R cells but not WG caused the stalling of both R-cell axons and WG membrane in the eye disc. Interfering with the function of Rhea (i.e. the Drosophila ortholog of vertebrate talin and a key player of integrin-mediated adhesion), caused an identical stalling phenotype. These results support a key role for integrins on R-cell axons in directing R-cell axons and WG membrane to exit the eye disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- McGill Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Yong Rao
- McGill Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada. .,Centre for Research in Neuroscience, McGill University Health Centre, Room L7-136, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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42
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Pankova V, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH. The Extracellular Matrix in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Pathobiology and Cellular Signalling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763640. [PMID: 34957097 PMCID: PMC8696013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare cancers of mesenchymal origin or differentiation comprising over 70 different histological subtypes. Due to their mesenchymal differentiation, sarcomas are thought to produce and deposit large quantities of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Interactions between ECM ligands and their corresponding adhesion receptors such as the integrins and the discoidin domain receptors play key roles in driving many fundamental oncogenic processes including uncontrolled proliferation, cellular invasion and altered metabolism. In this review, we focus on emerging studies that describe the key ECM components commonly found in soft tissue sarcomas and discuss preclinical and clinical evidence outlining the important role that these proteins and their cognate adhesion receptors play in sarcomagenesis. We conclude by providing a perspective on the need for more comprehensive in-depth analyses of both the ECM and adhesion receptor biology in multiple histological subtypes in order to identify new drug targets and prognostic biomarkers for this group of rare diseases of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Pankova
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Khin Thway
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Paul H. Huang,
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43
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Gahmberg CG, Grönholm M. How integrin phosphorylations regulate cell adhesion and signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 47:265-278. [PMID: 34872819 PMCID: PMC8642147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is essential for the formation of organs, cellular migration, and interaction with target cells and the extracellular matrix. Integrins are large protein α/β-chain heterodimers and form a major family of cell adhesion molecules. Recent research has dramatically increased our knowledge of how integrin phosphorylations regulate integrin activity. Phosphorylations determine the signaling complexes formed on the cytoplasmic tails, regulating downstream signaling. α-Chain phosphorylation is necessary for inducing β-chain phosphorylation in LFA-1, and the crosstalk from one integrin to another activating or inactivating its function is in part mediated by phosphorylation of β-chains. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and possible integrin coreceptors may crosstalk and induce a phosphorylation switch and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl G Gahmberg
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 C, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikaela Grönholm
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9 C, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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44
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Hu X, Zhang Y. Developing biomaterials to mediate the spatial distribution of integrins. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:041302. [PMID: 38504718 PMCID: PMC10903404 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Innovation in material design to regulate cell behavior and function is one of the primary tasks in materials science. Integrins, a family of cell surface-adhesion receptors that mechanically connect the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the intracellular cytoskeleton, have long served as primary targets for the design of biomaterials because their activity is not only critical to a wide range of cell and tissue functions but also subject to very tight and complex regulations from the outside environment. To review the recent progress of material innovations targeting the spatial distribution of integrins, we first introduce the interaction mechanisms between cells and the ECM by highlighting integrin-based cell adhesions, describing how integrins respond to environmental stimuli, including variations in ligand presentation, mechanical cues, and topographical variations. Then, we overview the current development of soft materials in guiding cell behaviors and functions via spatial regulation of integrins. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of these technologies and the advances that may be achieved in the future. Undoubtedly, synthetic soft materials that mediate the spatial distribution of integrins play an important role in biomaterial innovations for advancing biomedical applications and addressing fundamental biological questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwu Hu
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ye Zhang
- Bioinspired Soft Matter Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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45
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Mechanobiology of muscle and myofibril morphogenesis. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203760. [PMID: 34863916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscles generate forces for animal locomotion. The contractile apparatus of muscles is the sarcomere, a highly regular array of large actin and myosin filaments linked by gigantic titin springs. During muscle development many sarcomeres assemble in series into long periodic myofibrils that mechanically connect the attached skeleton elements. Thus, ATP-driven myosin forces can power movement of the skeleton. Here we review muscle and myofibril morphogenesis, with a particular focus on their mechanobiology. We describe recent progress on the molecular structure of sarcomeres and their mechanical connections to the skeleton. We discuss current models predicting how tension coordinates the assembly of key sarcomeric components to periodic myofibrils that then further mature during development. This requires transcriptional feedback mechanisms that may help to coordinate myofibril assembly and maturation states with the transcriptional program. To fuel the varying energy demands of muscles we also discuss the close mechanical interactions of myofibrils with mitochondria and nuclei to optimally support powerful or enduring muscle fibers.
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46
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Barrera-Velázquez M, Ríos-Barrera LD. Crosstalk between basal extracellular matrix adhesion and building of apical architecture during morphogenesis. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058760. [PMID: 34842274 PMCID: PMC8649640 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissues build complex structures like lumens and microvilli to carry out their functions. Most of the mechanisms used to build these structures rely on cells remodelling their apical plasma membranes, which ultimately constitute the specialised compartments. In addition to apical remodelling, these shape changes also depend on the proper attachment of the basal plasma membrane to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM provides cues to establish apicobasal polarity, and it also transduces forces that allow apical remodelling. However, physical crosstalk mechanisms between basal ECM attachment and the apical plasma membrane remain understudied, and the ones described so far are very diverse, which highlights the importance of identifying the general principles. Here, we review apicobasal crosstalk of two well-established models of membrane remodelling taking place during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis: amnioserosa cell shape oscillations during dorsal closure and subcellular tube formation in tracheal cells. We discuss how anchoring to the basal ECM affects apical architecture and the mechanisms that mediate these interactions. We analyse this knowledge under the scope of other morphogenetic processes and discuss what aspects of apicobasal crosstalk may represent widespread phenomena and which ones are used to build subsets of specialised compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barrera-Velázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Undergraduate Program on Genomic Sciences, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Daniel Ríos-Barrera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Obeng G, Park EJ, Appiah MG, Kawamoto E, Gaowa A, Shimaoka M. miRNA-200c-3p targets talin-1 to regulate integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21597. [PMID: 34732818 PMCID: PMC8566560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of integrins on the cell surface to mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix ligands is regulated by intracellular signaling cascades. During this signaling process, the talin (TLN) recruited to integrin cytoplasmic tails plays the critical role of the major adaptor protein to trigger integrin activation. Thus, intracellular levels of TLN are thought to determine integrin-mediated cellular functions. However, the epigenetic regulation of TLN expression and consequent modulation of integrin activation remain to be elucidated. Bioinformatics analysis led us to consider miR-200c-3p as a TLN1-targeting miRNA. To test this, we have generated miR-200c-3p-overexpressing and miR-200c-3p-underexpressing cell lines, including HEK293T, HCT116, and LNCaP cells. Overexpression of miR-200c-3p resulted in a remarkable decrease in the expression of TLN1, which was associated with the suppression of integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin. In contrast, the reduction in endogenous miR-200c-3p levels led to increased expression of TLN1 and enhanced cell adhesion to fibronectin and focal adhesion plaques formation. Moreover, miR-200c-3p was found to target TLN1 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region (UTR). Taken together, our data indicate that miR-200c-3p contributes to the regulation of integrin activation and cell adhesion via the targeting of TLN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Obeng
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Michael G Appiah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Arong Gaowa
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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Smirnova EV, Rakitina TV, Ziganshin RH, Arapidi GP, Saratov GA, Kudriaeva AA, Belogurov AA. Comprehensive Atlas of the Myelin Basic Protein Interaction Landscape. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1628. [PMID: 34827627 PMCID: PMC8615356 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the key autoantigens in autoimmune neurodegeneration and multiple sclerosis particularly. MBP is highly positively charged and lacks distinct structure in solution and therefore its intracellular partners are still mostly enigmatic. Here we used combination of formaldehyde-induced cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to elucidate the interaction network of MBP in mammalian cells and provide the list of potential MBP interacting proteins. Our data suggest that the largest group of MBP-interacting proteins belongs to cellular proteins involved in the protein translation machinery, as well as in the spatial and temporal regulation of translation. MBP interacts with core ribosomal proteins, RNA helicase Ddx28 and RNA-binding proteins STAU1, TDP-43, ADAR-1 and hnRNP A0, which are involved in various stages of RNA biogenesis and processing, including specific maintaining MBP-coding mRNA. Among MBP partners we identified CTNND1, which has previously been shown to be necessary for myelinating Schwann cells for cell-cell interactions and the formation of a normal myelin sheath. MBP binds proteins MAGEB2/D2 associated with neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, involved in pathways that promote neuronal survival and neuronal death. Finally, we observed that MBP interacts with RNF40-a component of heterotetrameric Rnf40/Rnf20 E3 ligase complex, recruited by Egr2, which is the central transcriptional regulator of peripheral myelination. Concluding, our data suggest that MBP may be more actively involved in myelination not only as a main building block but also as a self-regulating element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya V. Smirnova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.S.); (T.V.R.); (R.H.Z.); (G.P.A.); (G.A.S.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Tatiana V. Rakitina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.S.); (T.V.R.); (R.H.Z.); (G.P.A.); (G.A.S.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Rustam H. Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.S.); (T.V.R.); (R.H.Z.); (G.P.A.); (G.A.S.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Georgij P. Arapidi
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.S.); (T.V.R.); (R.H.Z.); (G.P.A.); (G.A.S.); (A.A.K.)
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - George A. Saratov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.S.); (T.V.R.); (R.H.Z.); (G.P.A.); (G.A.S.); (A.A.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anna A. Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.S.); (T.V.R.); (R.H.Z.); (G.P.A.); (G.A.S.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexey A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.S.); (T.V.R.); (R.H.Z.); (G.P.A.); (G.A.S.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 117192 Moscow, Russia
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Wang L, Zheng F, Song R, Zhuang L, Yang M, Suo J, Li L. Integrins in the Regulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation by Mechanical Signals. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:126-141. [PMID: 34536203 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can sense and convert mechanical stimuli signals into a chemical response. Integrins are involved in the mechanotransduction from inside to outside and from outside to inside, and ultimately affect the fate of MSCs responding to different mechanical signals. Different integrins participate in different signaling pathways to regulate MSCs multi-differentiation. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the effects of mechanical signals on the differentiation of MSCs, the importance of integrins in mechanotransduction, the relationship between integrin heterodimers and different mechanical signals, and the interaction among mechanical signals. We put forward our views on the prospect and challenges of developing mechanical biology in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwen Zheng
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Song
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lequan Zhuang
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Suo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jilin University First Hospital, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Slack RJ, Macdonald SJF, Roper JA, Jenkins RG, Hatley RJD. Emerging therapeutic opportunities for integrin inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:60-78. [PMID: 34535788 PMCID: PMC8446727 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion and signalling proteins crucial to a wide range of biological functions. Effective marketed treatments have successfully targeted integrins αIIbβ3, α4β7/α4β1 and αLβ2 for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease/multiple sclerosis and dry eye disease, respectively. Yet, clinical development of others, notably within the RGD-binding subfamily of αv integrins, including αvβ3, have faced significant challenges in the fields of cancer, ophthalmology and osteoporosis. New inhibitors of the related integrins αvβ6 and αvβ1 have recently come to the fore and are being investigated clinically for the treatment of fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The design of integrin drugs may now be at a turning point, with opportunities to learn from previous clinical trials, to explore new modalities and to incorporate new findings in pharmacological and structural biology. This Review intertwines research from biological, clinical and medicinal chemistry disciplines to discuss historical and current RGD-binding integrin drug discovery, with an emphasis on small-molecule inhibitors of the αv integrins. Integrins are key signalling molecules that are present on the surface of subsets of cells and are therefore good potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, Hatley and colleagues discuss the development of integrin inhibitors, particularly the challenges in developing inhibitors for integrins that contain an αv-subunit, and suggest how these challenges could be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R G Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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