1
|
Woo AYH, Jia L. ALDH2 mutations and defense against genotoxic aldehydes in cancer and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Mutat Res 2024; 829:111870. [PMID: 38944932 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes, for instance, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, are important endogenous or environmental mutagens by virtue of their abilities to produce a DNA lesion called interstrand crosslink (ICL). Aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) and the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway constitute the main defense lines against aldehyde-induced genotoxicity. Biallelic mutations of genes in any one of the FA complementation groups can impair the ICL repair mechanism and cause FA, a heterogeneous disorder manifested by bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital abnormality and a strong predisposition to cancer. The defective ALDH2 polymorphism rs671 (ALDH2*2) is a known risk and prognostic factor for alcohol drinking-associated cancers. Recent studies suggest that it also promotes BMF and cancer development in FA, and its combination with alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5) mutations causes aldehyde degradation deficiency syndrome (ADDS), also known by its symptoms as aplastic anemia, mental retardation, and dwarfism syndrome. ALDH2*2 and another pathogenic variant in the alcohol-metabolizing pathway, ADH1B1*1, is prevalent among East Asians. Also, other ALDH2 genotypes with disease-modifying potentials have lately been identified in different populations. Therefore, it would be appropriate to summarize current knowledge of genotoxic aldehydes and defense mechanisms against them to shed new light on the pathogenic effects of ALDH2 variants together with other genetic and environmental modifiers on cancer and inherited BMF syndromes. Lastly, we also presented potential treatment strategies for FA, ADDS and cancer based on the manipulation of aldehyde-induced genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Lina Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang KD, Amenábar JM, Schussel JL, Torres-Pereira CC, Bonfim C, Dimitrova N, Hartel G, Punyadeera C. Profiling salivary miRNA expression levels in Fanconi anemia patients - a pilot study. Odontology 2024; 112:299-308. [PMID: 37458838 PMCID: PMC10776736 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The overarching goal of this study is to predict the risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Fanconi anemia (FA) patients. We have compared the microRNA (miRNA, miR) expression levels in saliva samples from FA patients (n = 50) who are at a low-moderate and/or high risk of developing OSCC to saliva samples from healthy controls (n = 16). The miRNA expression levels in saliva samples were quantified using qPCR. We observed that miR-744, miR-150-5P, and miR-146B-5P had the best discriminatory capacity between FA patients and controls, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 94.0%, 92.9% and 85.3%, respectively. Our data suggest that miR-1, miR-146B-5P, miR-150-5P, miR-155-5P, and miR-744 could be used as panel to predict the risk of developing OSCC in FA patients, with a 89.3% sensitivity and a 68.2% specificity (AUC = 81.5%). Our preliminary data support the notion that the expression levels of salivary miRNAs have the potential to predict the risk of developing OSCC in FA patients and in the future may reduce deaths associated with OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dun Tang
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory and Translational Research Institute, Griffith University, 46 Don Yong Road, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - José M Amenábar
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory and Translational Research Institute, Griffith University, 46 Don Yong Road, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Stomatology Department, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Juliana L Schussel
- Stomatology Department, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Carmem Bonfim
- Bone Marrow Transpantation Unit, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Saliva & Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory and Translational Research Institute, Griffith University, 46 Don Yong Road, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bertola N, Bruno S, Capanni C, Columbaro M, Mazzarello AN, Corsolini F, Regis S, Degan P, Cappelli E, Ravera S. Altered Mitochondrial Dynamic in Lymphoblasts and Fibroblasts Mutated for FANCA-A Gene: The Central Role of DRP1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076557. [PMID: 37047537 PMCID: PMC10094900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and aplastic anemia. So far, 23 genes are involved in this pathology, and their mutations lead to a defect in DNA repair. In recent years, it has been observed that FA cells also display mitochondrial metabolism defects, causing an accumulation of intracellular lipids and oxidative damage. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the metabolic alterations have not yet been elucidated. In this work, by using lymphoblasts and fibroblasts mutated for the FANC-A gene, oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and mitochondria dynamics markers expression was analyzed. Results show that the metabolic defect does not depend on an altered expression of the proteins involved in OxPhos. However, FA cells are characterized by increased uncoupling protein UCP2 expression. FANC-A mutation is also associated with DRP1 overexpression that causes an imbalance in the mitochondrial dynamic toward fission and lower expression of Parkin and Beclin1. Treatment with P110, a specific inhibitor of DRP1, shows a partial mitochondrial function recovery and the decrement of DRP1 and UCP2 expression, suggesting a pivotal role of the mitochondrial dynamics in the etiopathology of Fanconi anemia.
Collapse
|
4
|
Innate Immunity: A Balance between Disease and Adaption to Stress. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050737. [PMID: 35625664 PMCID: PMC9138980 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Since first being documented in ancient times, the relation of inflammation with injury and disease has evolved in complexity and causality. Early observations supported a cause (injury) and effect (inflammation) relationship, but the number of pathologies linked to chronic inflammation suggests that inflammation itself acts as a potent promoter of injury and disease. Additionally, results from studies over the last 25 years point to chronic inflammation and innate immune signaling as a critical link between stress (exogenous and endogenous) and adaptation. This brief review looks to highlight the role of the innate immune response in disease pathology, and recent findings indicating the innate immune response to chronic stresses as an influence in driving adaptation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Vagher J, Gammon A, Kohlmann W, Jeter J. Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers and Other Cutaneous Manifestations in Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes and Rare DNA Repair Disorders. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837059. [PMID: 35359366 PMCID: PMC8960432 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most non-melanoma skin cancers are felt to be sporadic in origin, these tumors do play a role in several cancer predisposition syndromes. The manifestations of skin cancers in these hereditary populations can include diagnosis at extremely early ages and/or multiple primary cancers, as well as tumors at less common sites. Awareness of baseline skin cancer risks for these individuals is important, particularly in the setting of treatments that may compromise the immune system and further increase risk of cutaneous malignancies. Additionally, diagnosis of these disorders and management of non-cutaneous manifestations of these diseases have profound implications for both the patient and their family. This review highlights the current literature on the diagnosis, features, and non-melanoma skin cancer risks associated with lesser-known cancer predisposition syndromes, including bone marrow failure disorders, genomic instability disorders, and base excision repair disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Vagher
- Family Cancer Assessment Clinic, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amanda Gammon
- Family Cancer Assessment Clinic, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Wendy Kohlmann
- Family Cancer Assessment Clinic, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Joanne Jeter
- Family Cancer Assessment Clinic, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
[Research progress of Fanconi anemia and DNA interstrand crosslink repair]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:173-176. [PMID: 35381685 PMCID: PMC8980637 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
7
|
Pippi R, Di Gioia C, La Rocca U, Bellisario A, Iori AP. Management of oral leukoplakia in patients with Fanconi anemia. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:S133-S138. [PMID: 35450226 PMCID: PMC9017844 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_280_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disease involving an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors, especially head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas, for which the oral cavity is the most frequent site of occurrence. The patient presented in this study underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and developed nonhomogeneous oral leukoplakia after 7 years, which was promptly removed and diagnosed with high-grade epithelial dysplasia. Many risk conditions for oral squamous cell carcinoma were featured in the present case including FA, allogeneic HSCT, graft-versus-host disease, immunosuppressive therapy, female gender, nonsmoker, tongue location and nonhomogeneous type of leukoplakia. Close follow-up of the entire upper aerodigestive tract mucosa and early removal of all suspected lesions are highly recommended in the management of such patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pippi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Division of Oral Surgery, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Anatomy Sciences, Division of Pathological/Cardiovascular Anatomy and Histology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ursula La Rocca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Allogeneic Transplantation, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelia Bellisario
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Division of Oral Surgery, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Iori
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Division of Allogeneic Transplantation, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shahid M, Azfaralariff A, Zubair M, Abdulkareem Najm A, Khalili N, Law D, Firasat S, Fazry S. In silico study of missense variants of FANCA, FANCC and FANCG genes reveals high risk deleterious alleles predisposing to Fanconi anemia pathogenesis. Gene 2021; 812:146104. [PMID: 34864095 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Among the 22 Fanconi anemia (FA) reported genes, 90% of mutational spectra were found in three genes, namely FANCA (64%), FANCC (12%) and FANCG (8%). Therefore, this study aimed to identify the high-risk deleterious variants in three selected genes (FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG) through various computational approaches. The missense variant datasets retrieved from the UCSC genome browser were analyzed for their pathogenicity, stability, and phylogenetic conservancy. A total of 23 alterations, of which 16 in FANCA, 6 in FANCC and one variant in FANCG, were found to be highly deleterious. The native and mutant structures were generated, which demonstrated a profound impact on the respective proteins. Besides, their pathway analysis predicted many other pathways in addition to the Fanconi anemia pathway, homologous recombination, and mismatch repair pathways. Hence, this is the first comprehensive study that can be useful for understanding the genetic signatures in the development of FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Azfaralariff
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Abdulkareem Najm
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nahid Khalili
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Douglas Law
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Inti International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan
| | - Sabika Firasat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazrul Fazry
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; ZACH Biotech Depot Private Limited, Cheras, 43300, Selangor, Malaysia; Tasik Chini Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng S, Ye W, Zhang S, Zhu G, Zhang P, Song Y, Duan F, Lang J, Lu S. Oral Tongue Cancer in a Patient with Fanconi Anemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:3145-3154. [PMID: 33883933 PMCID: PMC8053604 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s301582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital anomalies, progressive bone marrow failure and high susceptibility to solid tumors, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Management of FA patients with head and neck cancer is a challenge due to increased risk of surgery, poor tolerance of chemotherapy, and severe myelotoxicity of radiotherapy. Patients and Methods We present a case of a 33-year-old man with carcinoma of oral tongue (T1N2M0), who experienced prolonged and profound bone marrow failure as a consequence of concurrent cisplatin/radiation. The young patient who developed HNSCC without risk factors, the myelotoxicity after exposure to platinum-based agent cisplatin and the further evaluation of phenotypic characteristics raised suspicion of FA. Whole exome sequencing performed for the patient and parents ultimately established the diagnosis of FA. Results Genetic testing in 23 FANC genes revealed two novel heterozygous mutations, c.367C>T and c.3971_3972delCGinsTT in FANCA gene of the patient, which were inherited from his father and mother, respectively. Radiotherapy with reduced dose has successfully alleviated the symptoms of tumor invasion and progression, and the radiation-related side effects were acceptable. Unfortunately, the patient eventually died of locoregional disease progression. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of FA in young patients who develop HNSCC in the absence of risk factors, thus permitting more effective oncological treatment strategies and improved outcomes. In conclusion, any decision on different modalities of management in such patients should be based on a balance between locoregional control and therapeutic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Deng
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Ye
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiong Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglei Duan
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He Z, Houghton PJ, Williams TM, Shen C. Regulation of DNA duplication by the mTOR signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:742-751. [PMID: 33691584 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1897271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and complete DNA replication and separation are essential for genetic information inheritance and organism maintenance. Errors in DNA duplication are the main source of genetic instability. Understanding DNA duplication regulation is the key to elucidate the mechanisms and find treatment strategies for human genetic disorders, especially cancer. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of cell growth and proliferation by integrating and processing extracellular and intracellular signals to monitor the well-being of cell physiology. mTOR signaling dysregulation is associated with many human diseases including cancer and diabetes. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that mTOR signaling plays a key role in DNA duplication. We herein review the current knowledge of mTOR signaling in the regulation of DNA replication origin licensing, replication fork progression, and stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter J Houghton
- The Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruiz-Torres S, Brusadelli MG, Witte DP, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Sauter S, Nelson AS, Sertorio M, Chlon TM, Lane A, Mehta PA, Myers KC, Bedard MC, Pal B, Supp DM, Lambert PF, Komurov K, Kovacic MB, Davies SM, Wells SI. Inherited DNA Repair Defects Disrupt the Structure and Function of Human Skin. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:424-435.e6. [PMID: 33232662 PMCID: PMC7935766 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a global public health burden originating in epidermal stem and progenitor cells (ESPCs) of the skin and mucosa. To understand how genetic risk factors contribute to SCC, studies of ESPC biology are imperative. Children with Fanconi anemia (FA) are a paradigm for extreme SCC susceptibility caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in FA DNA repair pathway genes. To discover epidermal vulnerabilities, patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) conditional for the FA pathway were differentiated into ESPCs and PSC-derived epidermal organotypic rafts (PSC-EORs). FA PSC-EORs harbored diminished cell-cell junctions and increased proliferation in the basal cell compartment. Furthermore, desmosome and hemidesmosome defects were identified in the skin of FA patients, and these translated into accelerated blistering following mechanically induced stress. Together, we demonstrate that a critical DNA repair pathway maintains the structure and function of human skin and provide 3D epidermal models wherein SCC prevention can now be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Ruiz-Torres
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - David P Witte
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Sharon Sauter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Adam S Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Timothy M Chlon
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Parinda A Mehta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kasiani C Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mary C Bedard
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bidisha Pal
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dorothy M Supp
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kakajan Komurov
- Division of Oncology Discovery, Champions Oncology, Inc., University Plaza Dr #307, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Rehabilitative, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Stella M Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
FANCD2 modulates the mitochondrial stress response to prevent common fragile site instability. Commun Biol 2021; 4:127. [PMID: 33514811 PMCID: PMC7846573 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common fragile sites (CFSs) are genomic regions frequently involved in cancer-associated rearrangements. Most CFSs lie within large genes, and their instability involves transcription- and replication-dependent mechanisms. Here, we uncover a role for the mitochondrial stress response pathway in the regulation of CFS stability in human cells. We show that FANCD2, a master regulator of CFS stability, dampens the activation of the mitochondrial stress response and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction. Genetic or pharmacological activation of mitochondrial stress signaling induces CFS gene expression and concomitant relocalization to CFSs of FANCD2. FANCD2 attenuates CFS gene transcription and promotes CFS gene stability. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial stress-dependent induction of CFS genes is mediated by ubiquitin-like protein 5 (UBL5), and that a UBL5-FANCD2 dependent axis regulates the mitochondrial UPR in human cells. We propose that FANCD2 coordinates nuclear and mitochondrial activities to prevent genome instability.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chronic exposure of humans to high level natural background radiation leads to robust expression of protective stress response proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1777. [PMID: 33469066 PMCID: PMC7815775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding exposures to low doses of ionizing radiation are relevant since most environmental, diagnostic radiology and occupational exposures lie in this region. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive cellular responses at these doses, and the subsequent health outcomes, remain unclear. A local monazite-rich high level natural radiation area (HLNRA) in the state of Kerala on the south-west coast of Indian subcontinent show radiation doses extending from ≤ 1 to ≥ 45 mGy/y and thus, serve as a model resource to understand low dose mechanisms directly on healthy humans. We performed quantitative discovery proteomics based on multiplexed isobaric tags (iTRAQ) coupled with LC–MS/MS on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HLNRA individuals. Several proteins involved in diverse biological processes such as DNA repair, RNA processing, chromatin modifications and cytoskeletal organization showed distinct expression in HLNRA individuals, suggestive of both recovery and adaptation to low dose radiation. In protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks, YWHAZ (14-3-3ζ) emerged as the top-most hub protein that may direct phosphorylation driven pro-survival cellular processes against radiation stress. PPI networks also identified an integral role for the cytoskeletal protein ACTB, signaling protein PRKACA; and the molecular chaperone HSPA8. The data will allow better integration of radiation biology and epidemiology for risk assessment [Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022380].
Collapse
|
14
|
Toksoy G, Uludağ Alkaya D, Bagirova G, Avcı Ş, Aghayev A, Günes N, Altunoğlu U, Alanay Y, Başaran S, Berkay EG, Karaman B, Celkan TT, Apak H, Kayserili H, Tüysüz B, Uyguner ZO. Clinical and Molecular Characterization of Fanconi Anemia Patients in Turkey. Mol Syndromol 2020; 11:183-196. [PMID: 33224012 DOI: 10.1159/000509838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare multigenic chromosomal instability syndrome that predisposes patients to life-threatening bone marrow failure, congenital malformations, and cancer. Functional loss of interstrand cross-link (ICL) DNA repair system is held responsible, though the mechanism is not yet fully understood. The clinical and molecular findings of 20 distinct FA cases, ages ranging from perinatal stage to 32 years, are presented here. Pathogenic variants in FANCA were found responsible in 75%, FANCC, FANCE, FANCJ/BRIP1, FANCL in 5%, and FANCD1/BRCA2 and FANCN/PALB2 in 2.5% of the subjects. Altogether, 25 different variants in 7 different FA genes, including 10 novel mutations in FANCA, FANCN/PALB2, FANCE, and FANCJ/BRIP1, were disclosed. Two compound heterozygous germline cases were mosaic for one allele, revealing that the incidence of reverse mutations may not be uncommon in FA. Another case with de novo FANCD1/BRCA2 and paternally inherited FANCN/PALB2 pathogenic alleles at first glance suggested a digenic inheritance, because the presence of a second pathogenic variant in the unexamined regions of FANCD1/BRCA2 and FANCN/PALB2 were exluded by sequencing and deletion/duplication analysis. A better understanding of the complexity of the FA genotype may provide further access to undiscovered ICL components and apparently dispensable cellular pathways where FA proteins may play important roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Güven Toksoy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülendam Bagirova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şahin Avcı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Agharza Aghayev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Günes
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoğlu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Genetics Unit, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Başaran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi G Berkay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Karaman
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Pediatric Basic Sciences, Child Health Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tiraje T Celkan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Apak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra O Uyguner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Canonical and Noncanonical Roles of Fanconi Anemia Proteins: Implications in Cancer Predisposition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092684. [PMID: 32962238 PMCID: PMC7565043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), developmental abnormalities, and predisposition to cancer. In this review, we present an overview of both canonical (regulation of interstrand cross-links repair, ICLs) and noncanonical roles of FA proteins. We divide noncanonical alternative functions in two types: nuclear (outside ICLs such as FA action in replication stress or DSB repair) and cytosolic (such as in mitochondrial quality control or selective autophagy). We further discuss the involvement of FA genes in the predisposition to develop different types of cancers and we examine current DNA damage response-targeted therapies. Finally, we promote an insightful perspective regarding the clinical implication of the cytosolic noncanonical roles of FA proteins in cancer predisposition, suggesting that these alternative roles could be of critical importance for disease progression. Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by the variable presence of congenital somatic abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), and a predisposition to develop cancer. Monoallelic germline mutations in at least five genes involved in the FA pathway are associated with the development of sporadic hematological and solid malignancies. The key function of the FA pathway is to orchestrate proteins involved in the repair of interstrand cross-links (ICLs), to prevent genomic instability and replication stress. Recently, many studies have highlighted the importance of FA genes in noncanonical pathways, such as mitochondria homeostasis, inflammation, and virophagy, which act, in some cases, independently of DNA repair processes. Thus, primary defects in DNA repair mechanisms of FA patients are typically exacerbated by an impairment of other cytoprotective pathways that contribute to the multifaceted clinical phenotype of this disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of FA, with a focus on the cytosolic noncanonical roles of FA genes, discussing how they may contribute to cancer development, thus suggesting opportunities to envisage novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zipporah E B, Patra B, Govarthanan K, Yadav R, Mohan S, Shyamsunder P, Verma RS. Defective cell proliferation is an attribute of overexpressed Notch1 receptor and impaired autophagy in Fanconi Anemia. Genomics 2020; 112:4628-4639. [PMID: 32800766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome caused by mutation in FA pathway proteins, involved in Interstrand Cross Link (ICL) repair. FA cells exhibit in vitro proliferation arrest due to accumulated DNA damage, hence understanding the rescue mechanism that renders proliferation advantage is required. Gene expression profiling performed in FA patients Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) revealed a wide array of dysregulated biological processes. Functional enrichment and gene clustering analysis showed crippled autophagy process and escalated Notch signalling pathway in FA clinical samples and cell lines. Notch pathway mediators overexpression were reverted in FANCA mutant cells when treated with Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. Additionally, Rapamycin stabilized cell viability after treatment with the DNA damaging agent, MitomycinC (MMC) and enhanced cell proliferation genes expression in FANCA mutant cells. Inherently FANCA mutant cells express impaired autophagy; thus activation of autophagy channelizes Notch signalling cascade and sustains cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binita Zipporah E
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Kavitha Govarthanan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Apollo Speciality hospital, 320 Padma complex, Anna Salai, Chennai 600 035, India; Registry for Fanconi Anemia in India (REFAIN), India
| | - Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamilnadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choquet H, Ashrafzadeh S, Kim Y, Asgari MM, Jorgenson E. Genetic and environmental factors underlying keratinocyte carcinoma risk. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134783. [PMID: 32434987 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent large-scale GWAS and large epidemiologic studies have accelerated the discovery of genes and environmental factors that contribute to the risk of keratinocyte carcinoma (KC), which includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This Review summarizes the genomic regions associated with SCC and BCC risk, examines the genetic overlap between SCC and BCC, and discusses biological pathways involved in SCC and BCC development. Next, we review environmental factors that are associated with KC risk, including those that are shared between SCC and BCC as well as others that associated with only one type of KC. We conclude with a critical appraisal of current research and potential directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Sepideh Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuhree Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Solanki A, Rajendran A, Mohan S, Raj R, Vundinti BR. Mitochondrial DNA variations and mitochondrial dysfunction in Fanconi anemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227603. [PMID: 31940411 PMCID: PMC6961948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-vitro studies with different Fanconi anemia (FA) cell lines and FANC gene silenced cell lines indicating involvement of mitochondria function in pathogenesis of FA have been reported. However, in-vivo studies have not been studied so far to understand the role of mitochondrial markers in pathogenesis of FA. We have carried out a systematic set of biomarker studies for elucidating involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in disease pathogenesis for Indian FA patients. We report changes in the mtDNA number in 59% of FA patients studied, a high frequency of mtDNA variations (37.5% of non-synonymous variations and 62.5% synonymous variations) and downregulation of mtDNA complex-I and complex-III encoding genes of OXPHOS (p<0.05) as strong biomarkers for impairment of mitochondrial functions in FA. Deregulation of expression of mitophagy genes (ATG; p>0.05, Beclin-1; p>0.05, and MAP1-LC3, p<0.05) has also been observed, suggesting inability of FA cells to clear off impaired mitochondria. We hypothesize that accumulation of such impaired mitochondria in FA cells therefore may be the principal cause for bone marrow failure (BMF) and a plausible effect of inefficient clearance of impaired mitochondria in FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Pediatric Haematology Department, Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Revathy Raj
- Pediatric Haematology Department, Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fanconi anemia proteins counteract the implementation of the oncogene-induced senescence program. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17024. [PMID: 31745226 PMCID: PMC6863893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53502-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA), due to the loss-of-function of the proteins that constitute the FANC pathway involved in DNA replication and genetic stability maintainance, is a rare genetic disease featuring bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities and cancer predisposition. Similar clinical stigmas have also been associated with alterations in the senescence program, which is activated in physiological or stress situations, including the unscheduled, chronic, activation of an oncogene (oncogene induced senescence, OIS). Here, we wanted to determine the crosstalk, if any, between the FANC pathway and the OIS process. OIS was analyzed in two known cellular models, IMR90-hTERT/ER:RASG12V and WI38-hTERT/ER:GFP:RAF1, harboring 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible oncogenes. We observed that oncogene activation induces a transitory increase of both FANCA and FANCD2 as well as FANCD2 monoubiquitination, readout of FANC pathway activation, followed by their degradation. FANCD2 depletion, which leads to a pre-senescent phenotype, anticipates OIS progression. Coherently, FANCD2 overexpression or inhibition of its proteosomal-dependent degradation slightly delays OIS progression. The pro-senescence protease cathepsin L, which activation is anticipated during OIS in FANCD2-depleted cells, also participates to FANCD2 degradation. Our results demonstrate that oncogene activation is first associated with FANCD2 induction and activation, which may support initial cell proliferation, followed by its degradation/downregulation when OIS proceeds.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hua R, Zhou L, Zhang H, Yang H, Peng W, Wu K. Studying the variations in differently expressed serum proteins of Hainan black goat during the breeding cycle using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:413-421. [PMID: 31308307 PMCID: PMC6815738 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hainan black goat is a high-quality local goat breed in Hainan Province of China. It is resistant to high temperatures, humidity, and disease. Although the meat of this breed is tender
and delicious, its reproductive performance and milk yield are low. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology was used to analyze the
differentially expressed proteins in the serum of female Hainan black goats during the reproductive cycle (empty pregnant, estrus, gestation, and lactation). The pathway enrichment analysis
results showed that most of the differentially expressed proteins between each period belonged to the complement and coagulation cascades. Analysis of the differential protein expression and
function revealed seven proteins that were directly associated with reproduction, namely pre-SAA21, ANTXR2, vWF, SFRP3, β4GalT1, pre-IGFBP2 and Ran. This study revealed the changing patterns
of differentially expressed proteins in the reproductive cycle of the Hainan black goat. pre-SAA21, ANTXR2, vWF, SFRP3, β4GalT1, pre-IGFBP2, and Ran were identified as candidate proteins for
mediating the physiological state of Hainan black goats and regulating their fertility. This study elucidated the changes in expression levels of differentially expressed proteins during the
reproductive cycle of Hainan black goats and also provides details about its breeding pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Kebang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Hainan 570228, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amenábar JM, Torres‐Pereira CC, Tang KD, Punyadeera C. Two enemies, one fight: An update of oral cancer in patients with Fanconi anemia. Cancer 2019; 125:3936-3946. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Amenábar
- Stomatology Department Federal University of Parana Curitiba Parana Brazil
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Kai D. Tang
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Research Team, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovations Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bao EL, Cheng AN, Sankaran VG. The genetics of human hematopoiesis and its disruption in disease. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10316. [PMID: 31313878 PMCID: PMC6685084 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis, or the process of blood cell production, is a paradigm of multi-lineage cellular differentiation that has been extensively studied, yet in many aspects remains incompletely understood. Nearly all clinically measured hematopoietic traits exhibit extensive variation and are highly heritable, underscoring the importance of genetic variation in these processes. This review explores how human genetics have illuminated our understanding of hematopoiesis in health and disease. The study of rare mutations in blood and immune disorders has elucidated novel roles for regulators of hematopoiesis and uncovered numerous important molecular pathways, as seen through examples such as Diamond-Blackfan anemia and the GATA2 deficiency syndromes. Additionally, population studies of common genetic variation have revealed mechanisms by which human hematopoiesis can be modulated. We discuss advances in functionally characterizing common variants associated with blood cell traits and discuss therapeutic insights, such as the discovery of BCL11A as a modulator of fetal hemoglobin expression. Finally, as genetic techniques continue to evolve, we discuss the prospects, challenges, and unanswered questions that lie ahead in this burgeoning field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik L Bao
- Division of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Pediatric OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Harvard‐MIT Health Sciences and TechnologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Aaron N Cheng
- Division of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Pediatric OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Vijay G Sankaran
- Division of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Pediatric OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fiesco-Roa MO, Giri N, McReynolds LJ, Best AF, Alter BP. Genotype-phenotype associations in Fanconi anemia: A literature review. Blood Rev 2019; 37:100589. [PMID: 31351673 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genomic instability syndrome with predisposition to congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and cancer. Classical and most frequent congenital abnormalities include all those seen in VACTERL-H association and those described under the PHENOS acronym. Pathogenic variants in at least 22 genes are associated with FA, which code for proteins that comprise the FA/BRCA DNA repair pathway. We reviewed 187 publications and 1101 cases of FA in which the gene or complementation group was identified and analyzed those in whom physical findings were sought. We conducted genotype-phenotype analyses considering the specific gene, the location in the FA/BRCA DNA repair pathway, and the type of variant (null or hypomorphic) as exposures. The outcomes were the presence of any physical abnormality or specific categories of abnormalities. Seventy-nine percent of the patients had at least one physical abnormality. Pathogenic variants in FANCB, FANCD2, the ID complex and downstream genes were associated with several specific anomalies. Patients with biallelic or hemizygous null variants had a higher proportion of at least one abnormality, renal malformations, microcephaly, short stature and the combination of VACTERL-H compared with those with hypomorphic genotypes. VACTERL-H alone or in combination with PHENOS is highly associated with FA, but the absence of those features does not rule out the diagnosis of FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés O Fiesco-Roa
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico; Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, UNAM, Posgrados, Zona Cultural Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacan, Mexico City 14510, Mexico.
| | - Neelam Giri
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Lisa J McReynolds
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Ana F Best
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang J, Zhang J, Bellani MA, Pokharel D, Gichimu J, James RC, Gali H, Ling C, Yan Z, Xu D, Chen J, Meetei AR, Li L, Wang W, Seidman MM. Remodeling of Interstrand Crosslink Proximal Replisomes Is Dependent on ATR, FANCM, and FANCD2. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1794-1808.e5. [PMID: 31067464 PMCID: PMC6676478 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic replisomes are driven by the mini chromosome maintenance (MCM [M]) helicase complex, an offset ring locked around the template for leading strand synthesis by CDC45 (C) and GINS (G) proteins. Although the CDC45 MCM GINS (CMG) structure implies that interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are absolute blocks to replisomes, recent studies indicate that cells can restart DNA synthesis on the side of the ICL distal to the initial encounter. Here, we report that restart requires ATR and is promoted by FANCD2 and phosphorylated FANCM. Following introduction of genomic ICLs and dependent on ATR and FANCD2 but not on the Fanconi anemia core proteins or FAAP24, FANCM binds the replisome complex, with concomitant release of the GINS proteins. In situ analysis of replisomes proximal to ICLs confirms the ATR-dependent release of GINS proteins while CDC45 is retained on the remodeled replisome. The results demonstrate the plasticity of CMG composition in response to replication stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marina A Bellani
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Durga Pokharel
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Julia Gichimu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ryan C James
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Himabindu Gali
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., K-712D, Boston, MA 02118-2526
| | - Chen Ling
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Zhijiang Yan
- Institute of DNA Repair Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dongyi Xu
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology and Cancer & Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77225-0334, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Bone and marrow are the two facets of the same organ, in which bone and hematopoietic cells coexist and interact. Marrow and skeletal tissue influence each-other and a variety of genetic disorders directly targets both of them, which may result in combined hematopoietic failure and skeletal malformations. Other conditions primarily affect one organ with secondary influences on the other. For instance, various forms of congenital anemias reduce bone mass and induce osteoporosis, while osteoclast failure in osteopetrosis prevents marrow development reducing medullary cavities and causing anemia and pancytopenia. Understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions may facilitate diagnosis and management, although many disorders are presently incurable. This article describes several congenital bone diseases and their relationship to hematopoietic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
M. AlDallal S. Quick glance at Fanconi anemia and BRCA2/FANCD1. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2019.4.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
27
|
Toptan T, Brusadelli MG, Turpin B, Witte DP, Surrallés J, Velleuer E, Schramm M, Dietrich R, Brakenhoff RH, Moore PS, Chang Y, Wells SI. Limited detection of human polyomaviruses in Fanconi anemia related squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209235. [PMID: 30589865 PMCID: PMC6307729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a rare genome instability disorder with extreme susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and anogenital tract. In patients with this inherited disorder, the risk of head and neck cancer is 800-fold higher than in the general population, a finding which might suggest a viral etiology. Here, we analyzed the possible contribution of human polyomaviruses to FA-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by a pan-polyomavirus immunohistochemistry test which detects the T antigens of all known human polyomaviruses. We observed weak reactivity in 17% of the HNSCC samples suggesting that based on classical criteria, human polyomaviruses are not causally related to squamous cell carcinomas analyzed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Toptan
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marion G. Brusadelli
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Turpin
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David P. Witte
- Division of Pathology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute of Hospital de les Santes Creus i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eunike Velleuer
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Neuwerk Maria von den Aposteln, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Martin Schramm
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Dietrich
- Deutsche Fanconi-Anämie-Hilfe e.V., Unna-Siddinghausen, Germany
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick S. Moore
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuan Chang
- University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa R, Carrington B, Ramaswami M, Bishop K, Robbins GM, Jones M, Harper U, Frederickson SC, Kimble DC, Sood R, Chandrasekharappa SC. Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of 19 Fanconi anemia pathway genes in zebrafish revealed their roles in growth, sexual development and fertility. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007821. [PMID: 30540754 PMCID: PMC6328202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a genomic instability syndrome resulting in aplastic anemia, developmental abnormalities, and predisposition to hematological and other solid organ malignancies. Mutations in genes that encode proteins of the FA pathway fail to orchestrate the repair of DNA damage caused by DNA interstrand crosslinks. Zebrafish harbor homologs for nearly all known FA genes. We used multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis to generate loss-of-function mutants for 17 FA genes: fanca, fancb, fancc, fancd1/brca2, fancd2, fance, fancf, fancg, fanci, fancj/brip1, fancl, fancm, fancn/palb2, fanco/rad51c, fancp/slx4, fancq/ercc4, fanct/ube2t, and two genes encoding FA-associated proteins: faap100 and faap24. We selected two indel mutations predicted to cause premature truncations for all but two of the genes, and a total of 36 mutant lines were generated for 19 genes. Generating two independent mutant lines for each gene was important to validate their phenotypic consequences. RT-PCR from homozygous mutant fish confirmed the presence of transcripts with indels in all genes. Interestingly, 4 of the indel mutations led to aberrant splicing, which may produce a different protein than predicted from the genomic sequence. Analysis of RNA is thus critical in proper evaluation of the consequences of the mutations introduced in zebrafish genome. We used fluorescent reporter assay, and western blots to confirm loss-of-function for several mutants. Additionally, we developed a DEB treatment assay by evaluating morphological changes in embryos and confirmed that homozygous mutants from all the FA genes that could be tested (11/17), displayed hypersensitivity and thus were indeed null alleles. Our multiplexing strategy helped us to evaluate 11 multiple gene knockout combinations without additional breeding. Homozygous zebrafish for all 19 single and 11 multi-gene knockouts were adult viable, indicating FA genes in zebrafish are generally not essential for early development. None of the mutant fish displayed gross developmental abnormalities except for fancp-/- fish, which were significantly smaller in length than their wildtype clutch mates. Complete female-to-male sex reversal was observed in knockouts for 12/17 FA genes, while partial sex reversal was seen for the other five gene knockouts. All adult females were fertile, and among the adult males, all were fertile except for the fancd1 mutants and one of the fancj mutants. We report here generation and characterization of zebrafish knockout mutants for 17 FA disease-causing genes, providing an integral resource for understanding the pathophysiology associated with the disrupted FA pathway. Deficiencies in repair of DNA damage can cause diseases such as Fanconi anemia (FA), which is characterized by birth defects, bone marrow failure, anemia, leukemia and other cancers. A set of proteins constitute the FA pathway and together orchestrate the DNA repair process. Inactivation of one or more gene(s) encoding the proteins of the DNA repair pathway in an animal model would enable us to study the functions of these proteins in maintenance of normal cellular functions and the overall health of an individual in the absence of function. We systematically targeted the FA pathway in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9. We generated 36 fish lines with loss-of-function mutations in 19 FA pathway genes and showed that all survive to adulthood. We did not notice obvious morphological changes except in fancp gene-inactivated fish, which were smaller in length. However, all mutant fish were either exclusively or in majority male. Unlike reduced fertility among FA patients, all adult mutant fish were fertile, except for the fancd1 and fancj knockout males. These mutant zebrafish will serve as a huge resource for the scientific community to study the role of FA proteins in fish development, DNA repair, and as models for FA disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Blake Carrington
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mukundhan Ramaswami
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle M. Robbins
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - MaryPat Jones
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ursula Harper
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Frederickson
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Danielle C. Kimble
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Settara C. Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genomics Unit, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Genomics Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Minguillón J, Surrallés J. Therapeutic research in the crystal chromosome disease Fanconi anemia. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:104-108. [PMID: 30389152 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades there has been a great progress in understanding the pathological and genetic mechanisms involved in Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare disease characterized by chromosome fragility, congenital malformations, bone marrow failure (BMF) and high cancer predisposition. However, these advances have not gone in parallel with the development of medical treatments, with the exception of improved protocols of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). BMF and hematological malignancies are the most important and life threatening conditions the patient suffer during the first and second decade of life, respectively, being HSCT the only curative treatment available. Solid tumors are the third hallmark of the disease, usually with poor prognosis as tumor resection is the only therapeutic option given that patients do not tolerate chemotherapy or radiation. With improved HSCT protocols, FA patient survival has increased, leading to a progressively increased number of solid malignancies in adult patients. Therapeutic research is currently focused in targeted therapies for solid tumors as well as in preventive options in the context of drug repurposing. This review summarizes current therapies and drugs used so far in clinical trials to treat Fanconi anemia, as well as the ones used in FA research with potential for future therapeutic opportunities including drugs that suppress chromosome fragility or are expected to delay the onset of BMF and cancer in Fanconi anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Minguillón
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Genetics Department and Biomedical Research Institute Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is an inherited disease characterized by genomic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, bone marrow failure, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and a high relative risk of myeloid leukemia and epithelial malignancies. The 21 Fanconi anemia genes encode proteins involved in multiple nuclear biochemical pathways that effect DNA interstrand crosslink repair. In the past, bone marrow failure was attributed solely to the failure of stem cells to repair DNA. Recently, non-canonical functions of many of the Fanconi anemia proteins have been described, including modulating responses to oxidative stress, viral infection, and inflammation as well as facilitating mitophagic responses and enhancing signals that promote stem cell function and survival. Some of these functions take place in non-nuclear sites and do not depend on the DNA damage response functions of the proteins. Dysfunctions of the canonical and non-canonical pathways that drive stem cell exhaustion and neoplastic clonal selection are reviewed, and the potential therapeutic importance of fully investigating the scope and interdependences of the canonical and non-canonical pathways is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grover Bagby
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Genetics, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
RecQ and Fe-S helicases have unique roles in DNA metabolism dictated by their unwinding directionality, substrate specificity, and protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 46:77-95. [PMID: 29273621 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicases are molecular motors that play central roles in nucleic acid metabolism. Mutations in genes encoding DNA helicases of the RecQ and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) helicase families are linked to hereditary disorders characterized by chromosomal instabilities, highlighting the importance of these enzymes. Moreover, mono-allelic RecQ and Fe-S helicase mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of cancers. This review will discuss and contrast the specialized molecular functions and biological roles of RecQ and Fe-S helicases in DNA repair, the replication stress response, and the regulation of gene expression, laying a foundation for continued research in these important areas of study.
Collapse
|