1
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Qi Y, Wang H, Wu J, Wang R, Xu Z, Cui X, Liu Z. Microfluidic device reveals new insights into impairment of neutrophil transmigration in patients with sepsis. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116460. [PMID: 38843769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophils need to migrate through tight tissue spaces to eliminate pathogens, but their movement is often hindered by their large and stiff nuclei. Neutrophil migration is impaired in sepsis patients, but it is unclear whether this defect is related to the deformability of their nuclei. Herein, we designed microfluidic devices with micron-scale narrow slits to simulate biological barriers. This setup allowed us to observe and record neutrophil movement and nuclear deformation in real-time. We also developed a method for morphological analysis to quantify nucleus deformation in numerous individual cells. Our studies showed that neutrophils from healthy individuals could adjust their nuclear shape to squeeze through these constrictions, whereas those from sepsis patients demonstrated less flexibility. Neutrophils with rigid nuclei struggled to pass through narrow gaps and were more likely to rupture under pressure. These findings suggest that the migration defects of neutrophils observed in sepsis may be attributed to the inability of neutrophils to deform their nuclei, highlighting the crucial role of microfluidic technologies in offering new insights into migration defects under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Runnan Wang
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xueling Cui
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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2
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Petrucciani A, Hoerter A, Kotze L, Du Plessis N, Pienaar E. Agent-based model predicts that layered structure and 3D movement work synergistically to reduce bacterial load in 3D in vitro models of tuberculosis granuloma. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012266. [PMID: 38995971 PMCID: PMC11288457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health threat. Understanding the dynamics of host-pathogen interactions within TB granulomas will assist in identifying what leads to the successful elimination of infection. In vitro TB models provide a controllable environment to study these granuloma dynamics. Previously we developed a biomimetic 3D spheroid granuloma model that controls bacteria better than a traditional monolayer culture counterpart. We used agent-based simulations to predict the mechanistic reason for this difference. Our calibrated simulations were able to predict heterogeneous bacterial dynamics that are consistent with experimental data. In one group of simulations, spheroids are found to have higher macrophage activation than their traditional counterparts, leading to better bacterial control. This higher macrophage activation in the spheroids was not due to higher counts of activated T cells, instead fewer activated T cells were able to activate more macrophages due to the proximity of these cells to each other within the spheroid. In a second group of simulations, spheroids again have more macrophage activation but also more T cell activation, specifically CD8+ T cells. This higher level of CD8+ T cell activation is predicted to be due to the proximity of these cells to the cells that activate them. Multiple mechanisms of control were predicted. Simulations removing individual mechanisms show that one group of simulations has a CD4+ T cell dominant response, while the other has a mixed/CD8+ T cell dominant response. Lastly, we demonstrated that in spheroids the initial structure and movement rules work synergistically to reduce bacterial load. These findings provide valuable insights into how the structural complexity of in vitro models impacts immune responses. Moreover, our study has implications for engineering more physiologically relevant in vitro models and advancing our understanding of TB pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Petrucciani
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Alexis Hoerter
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Leigh Kotze
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelita Du Plessis
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elsje Pienaar
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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3
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He B, Wang W, Wen J, Zhang R, Lin W, Guo Y, Xu Y, Huser T, Wei X, Yang Z. Behavioral dynamics of neuroprotective macrophage polarization in neuropathic pain observed by GHz femtosecond laser two-photon excitation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400026. [PMID: 38453163 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization in neurotoxic (M1) or neuroprotective (M2) phenotypes is known to play a significant role in neuropathic pain, but its behavioral dynamics and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM) is a promising functional imaging tool for investigating the mechanism of cellular behavior, as using near-infrared excitation wavelengths is less subjected to light scattering. However, the higher-order photobleaching effect in 2PEM can seriously hamper its applications to long-term live-cell studies. Here, we demonstrate a GHz femtosecond (fs) 2PEM that enables hours-long live-cell imaging of macrophage behavior with reduced higher-order photobleaching effect-by leveraging the repetition rate of fs pulses according to the fluorescence lifetime of fluorophores. Using this new functional 2PEM platform, we measure the polarization characteristics of macrophages, especially the long-term cellular behavior in efferocytosis, unveiling the dynamic mechanism of neuroprotective macrophage polarization in neuropathic pain. These efforts can create new opportunities for understanding long-term cellular dynamic behavior in neuropathic pain, as well as other neurobiological problems, and thus dissecting the underlying complex pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junpeng Wen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runsen Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Future Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Wang Y, He Q, Has O, Forouzesh K, Eom DS. Cytoneme-mediated intercellular signaling in keratinocytes essential for epidermal remodeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.08.566303. [PMID: 37986819 PMCID: PMC10659310 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The skin, the largest organ, functions as a primary defense mechanism. Epidermal stem cells supply undifferentiated keratinocytes that differentiate as they migrate toward the outermost skin layer. Although such a replenishment process is disrupted in various human skin diseases, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. With high-resolution live imaging and in vivo manipulations, we revealed that Notch signaling between keratinocytes is mediated by signaling filopodia called cytonemes and is essential for proper keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Inhibiting keratinocyte cytonemes reduced Notch expression within undifferentiated keratinocytes, leading to abnormal differentiation and hyperproliferation, resembling human skin disease phenotypes. Overproduction of Interleukin (IL)-17 signal, associated with skin diseases like psoriasis, induces psoriatic phenotypes via cytonemes in zebrafish. Our study suggests that intercellular signaling between keratinocytes through cytonemes is critical for epidermal maintenance, and its misregulation could be an origin of human skin diseases.
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5
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Kirchberger S, Shoeb MR, Lazic D, Wenninger-Weinzierl A, Fischer K, Shaw LE, Nogueira F, Rifatbegovic F, Bozsaky E, Ladenstein R, Bodenmiller B, Lion T, Traver D, Farlik M, Schöfer C, Taschner-Mandl S, Halbritter F, Distel M. Comparative transcriptomics coupled to developmental grading via transgenic zebrafish reporter strains identifies conserved features in neutrophil maturation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1792. [PMID: 38413586 PMCID: PMC10899643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are evolutionarily conserved innate immune cells playing pivotal roles in host defense. Zebrafish models have contributed substantially to our understanding of neutrophil functions but similarities to human neutrophil maturation have not been systematically characterized, which limits their applicability to studying human disease. Here we show, by generating and analysing transgenic zebrafish strains representing distinct neutrophil differentiation stages, a high-resolution transcriptional profile of neutrophil maturation. We link gene expression at each stage to characteristic transcription factors, including C/ebp-β, which is important for late neutrophil maturation. Cross-species comparison of zebrafish, mouse, and human samples confirms high molecular similarity of immature stages and discriminates zebrafish-specific from pan-species gene signatures. Applying the pan-species neutrophil maturation signature to RNA-sequencing data from human neuroblastoma patients reveals association between metastatic tumor cell infiltration in the bone marrow and an overall increase in mature neutrophils. Our detailed neutrophil maturation atlas thus provides a valuable resource for studying neutrophil function at different stages across species in health and disease.
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Grants
- St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung (to S.T.M., R.L., F.H., and M.D.), the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) (project 7940628, Danio4Can to M.D.), a German Academic Exchange Service postdoctoral fellowship and an EMBO fellowship (to M.D.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through grants TAI454 (to F.H. and M.D.), TAI732 (to F.H.), I4162 (ERA-NET/Transcan-2 LIQUIDHOPE; to S.T.M.), P35841 (MAPMET; to S.T.M.), P34152 (to T.L.), P 30642 (to C.S.) and the Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation for Childhood Cancer 20-17258 (to F.H. and M.D.), and the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship (to D.L.), and the EC H2020 grant no. 826494 (PRIMAGE; to R.L.), and by the European Commission within the FP7 Framework program (Fungitect-Grant No 602125 to T.L.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed R Shoeb
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Daria Lazic
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kristin Fischer
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa E Shaw
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Filomena Nogueira
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia - Labordiagnostik GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Eva Bozsaky
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Ladenstein
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lion
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
- Labdia - Labordiagnostik GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Traver
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Matthias Farlik
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schöfer
- Medical University of Vienna, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Martin Distel
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Patwardhan R, Nanda S, Wagner J, Stockter T, Dehmelt L, Nalbant P. Cdc42 activity in the trailing edge is required for persistent directional migration of keratinocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:br1. [PMID: 37910204 PMCID: PMC10881163 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-08-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts migrate discontinuously by generating transient leading-edge protrusions and irregular, abrupt retractions of a narrow trailing edge. In contrast, keratinocytes migrate persistently and directionally via a single, stable, broad protrusion paired with a stable trailing-edge. The Rho GTPases Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoA are key regulators of cell protrusions and retractions. However, how these molecules mediate cell-type specific migration modes is still poorly understood. In fibroblasts, all three Rho proteins are active at the leading edge, suggesting short-range coordination of protrusive Rac1 and Cdc42 signals with RhoA retraction signals. Here, we show that Cdc42 was surprisingly active in the trailing-edge of migrating keratinocytes. Elevated Cdc42 activity colocalized with the effectors MRCK and N-WASP suggesting that Cdc42 controls both myosin activation and actin polymerization in the back. Indeed, Cdc42 was required to maintain the highly dynamic contractile acto-myosin retrograde flow at the trailing edge of keratinocytes, and its depletion induced ectopic protrusions in the back, leading to decreased migration directionality. These findings suggest that Cdc42 is required to stabilize the dynamic cytoskeletal polarization in keratinocytes, to enable persistent, directional migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Patwardhan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Suchet Nanda
- TU Dortmund University, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jessica Wagner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Tom Stockter
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Leif Dehmelt
- TU Dortmund University, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Perihan Nalbant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Peterman E, Quitevis EJ, Goo CE, Rasmussen JP. Rho-associated kinase regulates Langerhans cell morphology and responsiveness to tissue damage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.550974. [PMID: 37546841 PMCID: PMC10402157 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.550974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin is often the first physical barrier to encounter invading pathogens and physical damage. Damage to the skin must be resolved quickly and efficiently to maintain organ homeostasis. Epidermal-resident immune cells known as Langerhans cells use dendritic protrusions to dynamically surveil the skin microenvironment, which contains epithelial keratinocytes and somatosensory peripheral axons. The mechanisms governing Langerhans cell dendrite dynamics and responses to tissue damage are not well understood. Using skin explants from adult zebrafish, we show that Langerhans cells maintain normal surveillance activity following axonal degeneration and use their dynamic dendrites to engulf small axonal debris. By contrast, a ramified-to-rounded shape transition accommodates the engulfment of larger keratinocyte debris. We find that Langerhans cell dendrites are richly populated with actin and sensitive to a broad spectrum actin inhibitor. We further show that Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition leads to elongated dendrites, perturbed clearance of large debris, and reduced Langerhans cell migration to tissue-scale wounds. Altogether, our work describes the unique dynamics of Langerhans cells and involvement of the ROCK pathway in immune cell responses to damage of varying magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peterman
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Camille E.A. Goo
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jeffrey P. Rasmussen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Samimi K, Desa DE, Lin W, Weiss K, Li J, Huisken J, Miskolci V, Huttenlocher A, Chacko JV, Velten A, Rogers JD, Eliceiri KW, Skala MC. Light-sheet autofluorescence lifetime imaging with a single-photon avalanche diode array. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:066502. [PMID: 37351197 PMCID: PMC10284079 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.6.066502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Significance Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of the metabolic co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H] is a popular method to monitor single-cell metabolism within unperturbed, living 3D systems. However, FLIM of NAD(P)H has not been performed in a light-sheet geometry, which is advantageous for rapid imaging of cells within live 3D samples. Aim We aim to design, validate, and demonstrate a proof-of-concept light-sheet system for NAD(P)H FLIM. Approach A single-photon avalanche diode camera was integrated into a light-sheet microscope to achieve optical sectioning and limit out-of-focus contributions for NAD(P)H FLIM of single cells. Results An NAD(P)H light-sheet FLIM system was built and validated with fluorescence lifetime standards and with time-course imaging of metabolic perturbations in pancreas cancer cells with 10 s integration times. NAD(P)H light-sheet FLIM in vivo was demonstrated with live neutrophil imaging in a larval zebrafish tail wound also with 10 s integration times. Finally, the theoretical and practical imaging speeds for NAD(P)H FLIM were compared across laser scanning and light-sheet geometries, indicating a 30 × to 6 × acquisition speed advantage for the light sheet compared to the laser scanning geometry. Conclusions FLIM of NAD(P)H is feasible in a light-sheet geometry and is attractive for 3D live cell imaging applications, such as monitoring immune cell metabolism and migration within an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Samimi
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Danielle E. Desa
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Wei Lin
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biochemistry, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Joe Li
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jan Huisken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Department of Biology and Psychology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Center for Cell Signaling, Newark, New Jersey, United States
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Newark, New Jersey, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Pediatrics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jenu V. Chacko
- University of Wisconsin, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Andreas Velten
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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9
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Laforêts F, Kotantaki P, Malacrida B, Elorbany S, Manchanda R, Donnadieu E, Balkwill F. Semi-supervised analysis of myeloid and T cell behavior in ex vivo ovarian tumor slices reveals changes in cell motility after treatments. iScience 2023; 26:106514. [PMID: 37091227 PMCID: PMC10119804 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) tumor microenvironment, the most lethal gynecological cancer, aim to enhance the efficiency of established therapies. Cell motility is an important process of anti-tumor response. Using ex vivo human and mouse HGSOC tumor slices combined with time-lapse imaging, we assessed the motility of CD8+ T and myeloid cells. We developed a semi-supervised analysis of cell movements, identifying four cell behaviors: migrating, long migrating, static, and wobbling. Tumor slices were maintained 24h ex vivo, retaining viability and cell movements. Ex vivo treatments with lipopolysaccharide altered CD8+ T and myeloid cell behavior. In vivo chemotherapy reduced ex vivo cell movements in human and mouse tumors and differentially affected CD8+ T and myeloid cells in chemo-sensitive and chemo-resistant mouse models. Ex vivo tumor slices can extend in vivo mouse studies to human, providing a stepping stone to translate mouse cancer studies to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Laforêts
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M6BQ London, UK
| | - Panoraia Kotantaki
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M6BQ London, UK
| | - Beatrice Malacrida
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M6BQ London, UK
| | - Samar Elorbany
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M6BQ London, UK
| | - Ranjit Manchanda
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, CRUK Barts Cancer Centre, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, E1 1BB London, UK
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1H 9SH London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Frances Balkwill
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, EC1M6BQ London, UK
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10
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Samimi K, Desa DE, Lin W, Weiss K, Li J, Huisken J, Miskolci V, Huttenlocher A, Chacko JV, Velten A, Rogers JD, Eliceiri KW, Skala1 MC. Light sheet autofluorescence lifetime imaging with a single photon avalanche diode array. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526695. [PMID: 36778488 PMCID: PMC9915663 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array sensors can increase the imaging speed for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) by transitioning from laser scanning to widefield geometries. While a SPAD camera in epi-fluorescence geometry enables widefield FLIM of fluorescently labeled samples, label-free imaging of single-cell autofluorescence is not feasible in an epi-fluorescence geometry because background fluorescence from out-of-focus features masks weak cell autofluorescence and biases lifetime measurements. Here, we address this problem by integrating the SPAD camera in a light sheet illumination geometry to achieve optical sectioning and limit out-of-focus contributions, enabling fast label-free FLIM of single-cell NAD(P)H autofluorescence. The feasibility of this NAD(P)H light sheet FLIM system was confirmed with time-course imaging of metabolic perturbations in pancreas cancer cells with 10 s integration times, and in vivo NAD(P)H light sheet FLIM was demonstrated with live neutrophil imaging in a zebrafish tail wound, also with 10 s integration times. Finally, the theoretical and practical imaging speeds for NAD(P)H FLIM were compared across laser scanning and light sheet geometries, indicating a 30X to 6X frame rate advantage for the light sheet compared to the laser scanning geometry. This light sheet system provides faster frame rates for 3D NAD(P)H FLIM for live cell imaging applications such as monitoring single cell metabolism and immune cell migration throughout an entire living organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kurt Weiss
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joe Li
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan Huisken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jenu V. Chacko
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andreas Velten
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy D. Rogers
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala1
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Xue Q, Varady SR, Waddell TQA, Roman MR, Carrington J, Roh-Johnson M. Lack of Paxillin phosphorylation promotes single-cell migration in vivo. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213850. [PMID: 36723624 PMCID: PMC9929932 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are structures that physically link the cell to the extracellular matrix for cell migration. Although cell culture studies have provided a wealth of information regarding focal adhesion biology, it is critical to understand how focal adhesions are dynamically regulated in their native environment. We developed a zebrafish system to visualize focal adhesion structures during single-cell migration in vivo. We find that a key site of phosphoregulation (Y118) on Paxillin exhibits reduced phosphorylation in migrating cells in vivo compared to in vitro. Furthermore, expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of Y118-Paxillin increases focal adhesion disassembly and promotes cell migration in vivo, despite inhibiting cell migration in vitro. Using a mouse model, we further find that the upstream kinase, focal adhesion kinase, is downregulated in cells in vivo, and cells expressing non-phosphorylatable Y118-Paxillin exhibit increased activation of the CRKII-DOCK180/RacGEF pathway. Our findings provide significant new insight into the intrinsic regulation of focal adhesions in cells migrating in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xue
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sophia R.S. Varady
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie R. Roman
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Carrington
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Zhu CL, Li P, Liu Q, Li HR, Yu CM, Deng XM, Wang JF. The role of G protein-coupled receptor in neutrophil dysfunction during sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112196. [PMID: 36891309 PMCID: PMC9986442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection. It is a common and complex syndrome and is the leading cause of death in intensive care units. The lungs are most vulnerable to the challenge of sepsis, and the incidence of respiratory dysfunction has been reported to be up to 70%, in which neutrophils play a major role. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against infection, and they are regarded as the most responsive cells in sepsis. Normally, neutrophils recognize chemokines including the bacterial product N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), complement 5a (C5a), and lipid molecules Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), and enter the site of infection through mobilization, rolling, adhesion, migration, and chemotaxis. However, numerous studies have confirmed that despite the high levels of chemokines in septic patients and mice at the site of infection, the neutrophils cannot migrate to the proper target location, but instead they accumulate in the lungs, releasing histones, DNA, and proteases that mediate tissue damage and induce acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is closely related to impaired neutrophil migration in sepsis, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. Many studies have shown that chemokine receptor dysregulation is an important cause of impaired neutrophil migration, and the vast majority of these chemokine receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this review, we summarize the signaling pathways by which neutrophil GPCR regulates chemotaxis and the mechanisms by which abnormal GPCR function in sepsis leads to impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, which can further cause ARDS. Several potential targets for intervention are proposed to improve neutrophil chemotaxis, and we hope that this review may provide insights for clinical practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Ru Li
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Meng Yu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Deng
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Faculty of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jia-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Sipka T, Park SA, Ozbilgic R, Balas L, Durand T, Mikula K, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M. Macrophages undergo a behavioural switch during wound healing in zebrafish. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:200-212. [PMID: 36162743 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to wound signals, macrophages are immediately recruited to the injury where they acquire distinct phenotypes and functions, playing crucial roles both in host defense and healing process. Although macrophage phenotypes have been intensively studied during wound healing, mostly using markers and expression profiles, the impact of the wound environment on macrophage shape and behaviour, and the underlying mechanisms deserve more in-depth investigation. Here, we sought to characterize the dynamics of macrophage recruitment and behaviour during aseptic wounding of the caudal fin fold of the zebrafish larva. Using a photo-conversion approach, we demonstrated that macrophages are recruited to the wounded fin fold as a single wave where they switch their phenotype. Intravital imaging of macrophage shape and trajectories revealed that wound-macrophages display a highly stereotypical set of behaviours and change their shape from amoeboid to elongated shape as wound healing proceeds. Using a pharmacological inhibitor of 15-lipoxygenase and protectin D1, a specialized pro-resolving lipid, we investigated the role of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in macrophage behaviour. While inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase using PD146176 or Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) decreases the switch from amoeboid to elongated shape, protectin D1 accelerates macrophage reverse migration and favours elongated morphologies. Altogether, our findings suggest that individual macrophages at the wound switch their phenotype leading to important changes in behaviour and shape to adapt to changing environment, and highlight the crucial role of lipid metabolism in the control of macrophage behaviour plasticity during inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Seol Ah Park
- Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Laurence Balas
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karol Mikula
- Department of Mathematics and Descriptive Geometry, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Fierro Morales JC, Xue Q, Roh-Johnson M. An evolutionary and physiological perspective on cell-substrate adhesion machinery for cell migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:943606. [PMID: 36092727 PMCID: PMC9453864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.943606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-substrate adhesion is a critical aspect of many forms of cell migration. Cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix (ECM) generates traction forces necessary for efficient migration. One of the most well-studied structures cells use to adhere to the ECM is focal adhesions, which are composed of a multilayered protein complex physically linking the ECM to the intracellular actin cytoskeleton. Much of our understanding of focal adhesions, however, is primarily derived from in vitro studies in Metazoan systems. Though these studies provide a valuable foundation to the cell-substrate adhesion field, the evolution of cell-substrate adhesion machinery across evolutionary space and the role of focal adhesions in vivo are largely understudied within the field. Furthering investigation in these areas is necessary to bolster our understanding of the role cell-substrate adhesion machinery across Eukaryotes plays during cell migration in physiological contexts such as cancer and pathogenesis. In this review, we review studies of cell-substrate adhesion machinery in organisms evolutionary distant from Metazoa and cover the current understanding and ongoing work on how focal adhesions function in single and collective cell migration in an in vivo environment, with an emphasis on work that directly visualizes cell-substrate adhesions. Finally, we discuss nuances that ought to be considered moving forward and the importance of future investigation in these emerging fields for application in other fields pertinent to adhesion-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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15
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Georgantzoglou A, Poplimont H, Walker HA, Lämmermann T, Sarris M. A two-step search and run response to gradients shapes leukocyte navigation in vivo. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213303. [PMID: 35731205 PMCID: PMC9225946 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells must interpret chemical gradients to guide themselves within tissues. A long-held principle is that gradients guide cells via reorientation of leading-edge protrusions. However, recent evidence indicates that protrusions can be dispensable for locomotion in some contexts, raising questions about how cells interpret endogenous gradients in vivo and whether other mechanisms are involved. Using laser wound assays in zebrafish to elicit acute endogenous gradients and quantitative analyses, we demonstrate a two-stage process for leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo: first a “search” phase, with stimulation of actin networks at the leading edge, cell deceleration, and turning. This is followed by a “run” phase, with fast actin flows, cell acceleration, and persistence. When actin dynamics are perturbed, cells fail to resolve the gradient, suggesting that pure spatial sensing of the gradient is insufficient for navigation. Our data suggest that cell contractility and actin flows provide memory for temporal sensing, while expansion of the leading edge serves to enhance gradient sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Georgantzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugo Poplimont
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hazel A Walker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Milka Sarris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Amini R, Bhatnagar A, Schlüßler R, Möllmert S, Guck J, Norden C. Amoeboid-like migration ensures correct horizontal cell layer formation in the developing vertebrate retina. eLife 2022; 11:76408. [PMID: 35639083 PMCID: PMC9208757 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of cells in the developing brain is integral for the establishment of neural circuits and function of the central nervous system. While migration modes during which neurons employ predetermined directional guidance of either preexisting neuronal processes or underlying cells have been well explored, less is known about how cells featuring multipolar morphology migrate in the dense environment of the developing brain. To address this, we here investigated multipolar migration of horizontal cells in the zebrafish retina. We found that these cells feature several hallmarks of amoeboid-like migration that enable them to tailor their movements to the spatial constraints of the crowded retina. These hallmarks include cell and nuclear shape changes, as well as persistent rearward polarization of stable F-actin. Interference with the organization of the developing retina by changing nuclear properties or overall tissue architecture hampers efficient horizontal cell migration and layer formation showing that cell-tissue interplay is crucial for this process. In view of the high proportion of multipolar migration phenomena observed in brain development, the here uncovered amoeboid-like migration mode might be conserved in other areas of the developing nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Archit Bhatnagar
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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17
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Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Kroll J, van den Heuvel D, Renkawitz J, Müller-Taubenberger A. Centrosome Positioning in Migrating Dictyostelium Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111776. [PMID: 35681473 PMCID: PMC9179490 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Directional cell migration and the establishment of polarity play an important role in development, wound healing, and host cell defense. While actin polymerization provides the driving force at the cell front, the microtubule network assumes a regulatory function, in coordinating front protrusion and rear retraction. By using Dictyostelium discoideum cells as a model for amoeboid movement in different 2D and 3D environments, the position of the centrosome relative to the nucleus was analyzed using live-cell microscopy. Our results showed that the centrosome was preferentially located rearward of the nucleus under all conditions tested for directed migration, while the nucleus was oriented toward the expanding front. When cells are hindered from straight movement by obstacles, the centrosome is displaced temporarily from its rearward location to the side of the nucleus, but is reoriented within seconds. This relocalization is supported by the presence of intact microtubules and their contact with the cortex. The data suggest that the centrosome is responsible for coordinating microtubules with respect to the nucleus. In summary, we have analyzed the orientation of the centrosome during different modes of migration in an amoeboid model and present evidence that the basic principles of centrosome positioning and movement are conserved between Dictyostelium and human leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.I.-A.); (D.v.d.H.)
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Janina Kroll
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (J.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Dominic van den Heuvel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.I.-A.); (D.v.d.H.)
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Renkawitz
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; (J.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Annette Müller-Taubenberger
- Biomedical Center Munich (BMC), Department of Cell Biology (Anatomy III), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-75873
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18
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Geurtzen K, López-Delgado AC, Duseja A, Kurzyukova A, Knopf F. Laser-mediated osteoblast ablation triggers a pro-osteogenic inflammatory response regulated by reactive oxygen species and glucocorticoid signaling in zebrafish. Development 2022; 149:275194. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.199803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In zebrafish, transgenic labeling approaches, robust regenerative responses and excellent in vivo imaging conditions enable precise characterization of immune cell behavior in response to injury. Here, we monitored osteoblast-immune cell interactions in bone, a tissue which is particularly difficult to in vivo image in tetrapod species. Ablation of individual osteoblasts leads to recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages in varying numbers, depending on the extent of the initial insult, and initiates generation of cathepsin K+ osteoclasts from macrophages. Osteoblast ablation triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which are needed for successful macrophage recruitment. Excess glucocorticoid signaling as it occurs during the stress response inhibits macrophage recruitment, maximum speed and changes the macrophage phenotype. Although osteoblast loss is compensated for within a day by contribution of committed osteoblasts, macrophages continue to populate the region. Their presence is required for osteoblasts to fill the lesion site. Our model enables visualization of bone repair after microlesions at single-cell resolution and demonstrates a pro-osteogenic function of tissue-resident macrophages in non-mammalian vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Geurtzen
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Cristina López-Delgado
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ankita Duseja
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Metabolic Bone Centre, Sorby Wing, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK
| | - Anastasia Kurzyukova
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franziska Knopf
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Healthy Aging, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Mihlan M, Glaser KM, Epple MW, Lämmermann T. Neutrophils: Amoeboid Migration and Swarming Dynamics in Tissues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:871789. [PMID: 35478973 PMCID: PMC9038224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.871789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of our innate immune response with essential roles for eliminating bacteria and fungi from tissues. They are also the prototype of an amoeboid migrating leukocyte. As one of the first blood-recruited immune cell types during inflammation and infection, these cells can invade almost any tissue compartment. Once in the tissue, neutrophils undergo rapid shape changes and migrate at speeds higher than most other immune cells. They move in a substrate-independent manner in interstitial spaces and do not follow predetermined tissue paths. Instead, neutrophil navigation is largely shaped by the chemokine and chemoattractant milieu around them. This highlights the decisive role of attractant-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and downstream molecular pathways for controlling amoeboid neutrophil movement in tissues. A diverse repertoire of cell-surface expressed GPCRs makes neutrophils the perfect sentinel cell type to sense and detect danger-associated signals released from wounds, inflamed interstitium, dying cells, complement factors or directly from tissue-invading microbes. Moreover, neutrophils release attractants themselves, which allows communication and coordination between individual cells of a neutrophil population. GPCR-mediated positive feedback mechanisms were shown to underlie neutrophil swarming, a population response that amplifies the recruitment of amoeboid migrating neutrophils to sites of tissue injury and infection. Here we discuss recent findings and current concepts that counteract excessive neutrophil accumulation and swarm formation. In particular, we will focus on negative feedback control mechanisms that terminate neutrophil swarming to maintain the delicate balance between tissue surveillance, host protection and tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mihlan
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M. Glaser
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian W. Epple
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tim Lämmermann,
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20
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Margraf A, Lowell CA, Zarbock A. Neutrophils in acute inflammation: current concepts and translational implications. Blood 2022; 139:2130-2144. [PMID: 34624098 PMCID: PMC9728535 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of neutrophil recruitment and function is crucial for targeting inflammatory cells to sites of infection to combat invading pathogens while, at the same time, limiting host tissue injury or autoimmunity. The underlying mechanisms regulating recruitment of neutrophils, 1 of the most abundant inflammatory cells, have gained increasing interest over the years. The previously described classical recruitment cascade of leukocytes has been extended to include capturing, rolling, adhesion, crawling, and transmigration, as well as a reverse-transmigration step that is crucial for balancing immune defense and control of remote organ endothelial leakage. Current developments in the field emphasize the importance of cellular interplay, tissue environmental cues, circadian rhythmicity, detection of neutrophil phenotypes, differential chemokine sensing, and contribution of distinct signaling components to receptor activation and integrin conformations. The use of therapeutics modulating neutrophil activation responses, as well as mutations causing dysfunctional neutrophil receptors and impaired signaling cascades, have been defined in translational animal models. Human correlates of such mutations result in increased susceptibility to infections or organ damage. This review focuses on current advances in the understanding of the regulation of neutrophil recruitment and functionality and translational implications of current discoveries in the field with a focus on acute inflammation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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21
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Paterson N, Lämmermann T. Macrophage network dynamics depend on haptokinesis for optimal local surveillance. eLife 2022; 11:75354. [PMID: 35343899 PMCID: PMC8963880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key immune cells with important roles for tissue surveillance in almost all mammalian organs. Cellular networks made up of many individual macrophages allow for optimal removal of dead cell material and pathogens in tissues. However, the critical determinants that underlie these population responses have not been systematically studied. Here, we investigated how cell shape and the motility of individual cells influences macrophage network responses in 3D culture settings and in mouse tissues. We show that surveying macrophage populations can tolerate lowered actomyosin contractility, but cannot easily compensate for a lack of integrin-mediated adhesion. Although integrins were dispensable for macrophage chemotactic responses, they were crucial to control cell movement and protrusiveness for optimal surveillance by a macrophage population. Our study reveals that β1 integrins are important for maintaining macrophage shape and network sampling efficiency in mammalian tissues, and sets macrophage motility strategies apart from the integrin-independent 3D migration modes of many other immune cell subsets. Macrophages are immune cells in the body that remove dying cells and debris from tissues. They live in almost all the body’s organs, surveilling for signs of infection and destroying microbes. They also migrate to wound sites, where they can eliminate foreign particles and stop microbes from entering the body. To perform their surveillance role, macrophages need to work together as a team. They form a network, coordinating their movements to optimise the removal of particles and dead cells. How this happens is something of a mystery. As individuals, cells travel through tissues using a balance of several activities: they change their shape, they contract and relax, and they grab hold of their surroundings using proteins called integrins. It is thought that the choice between these types of movement may affect the rest of the network. To investigate, Paterson and Lämmermann genetically engineered mouse macrophages grown in the laboratory so they would not produce working integrins. These macrophages were able to contract and relax, but they could not attach to the proteins in the structures they were exploring. Paterson and Lämmermann then placed these macrophages in gels studded with proteins that mimic a biological matrix to observe their behaviour. When these macrophages were exposed to the chemicals that indicate the presence of a wound, they moved normally, changing shape and contracting and relaxing. Paterson and Lämmermann confirmed this normal behaviour for macrophages moving to sites of injuries in the tissue of living mice. However, when it came to surveillance, the macrophages’ abilities were seriously diminished, and they were unable to form an effective network to take up particles and dead cells. This work sheds light on how the movement of individual cells affects the entire immune surveillance network. A deeper understanding could lead to new insights into how to prevent inflammation. The next step is to map macrophage networks in healthy and diseased tissues to understand how cell movement affects surveillance under different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Paterson
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Immunobiology, Epigenetics and Metabolism (IMPRS-IEM), Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
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22
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Bader A, Gao J, Rivière T, Schmid B, Walzog B, Maier-Begandt D. Molecular Insights Into Neutrophil Biology From the Zebrafish Perspective: Lessons From CD18 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677994. [PMID: 34557186 PMCID: PMC8453019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key players in innate immunity and originate from the bone marrow of the adult mammalian organism. In mammals, mature neutrophils are released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood where they circulate until their recruitment to sites of inflammation in a multistep adhesion cascade. Here, adhesion molecules of the β2 integrin family (CD11/CD18) are critically required for the initial neutrophil adhesion to the inflamed endothelium and several post-adhesion steps allowing their extravasation into the inflamed tissue. Within the mammalian tissue, interstitial neutrophil migration can occur widely independent of β2 integrins. This is in sharp contrast to neutrophil recruitment in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) where neutrophils originate from the caudal hematopoietic tissue and mainly migrate interstitially to sites of lesion upon the early onset of inflammation. However, neutrophils extravasate from the circulation to the inflamed tissue in zebrafish larvae at later-time points. Although zebrafish larvae are a widely accepted model system to analyze neutrophil trafficking in vivo, the functional impact of β2 integrins for neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation is completely unknown in this model. In this study, we generated zebrafish with a genetic deletion of CD18, the β subunit of β2 integrins, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Sequence alignments demonstrated a high similarity of the amino acid sequences between zebrafish and human CD18 especially in the functionally relevant I-like domain. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain of CD18 harbors two highly conserved NXXF motifs suggesting that zebrafish CD18 may share functional properties of human CD18. Accordingly, CD18 knock-out (KO) zebrafish larvae displayed the key symptoms of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type I due to defects in ITGB2, the gene for CD18. Importantly, CD18 KO zebrafish larvae showed reduced neutrophil trafficking to sites of sterile inflammation despite the fact that an increased number of neutrophils was detectable in the circulation. By demonstrating the functional importance of CD18 for neutrophil trafficking in zebrafish larvae, our findings shed new light on neutrophil biology in vertebrates and introduce a new model organism for studying LAD type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almke Bader
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jincheng Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thibaud Rivière
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Fish Core Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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23
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Morris S, Cholan PM, Britton WJ, Oehlers SH. Glucose inhibits haemostasis and accelerates diet-induced hyperlipidaemia in zebrafish larvae. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19049. [PMID: 34561530 PMCID: PMC8463691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia damages the microvasculature in part through the reduced recruitment of immune cells and interference with platelet signalling, leading to poor wound healing and accelerated lipid deposition in mammals. We investigated the utility of zebrafish larvae to model the effect of exogenous glucose on neutrophil and macrophage recruitment to a tail wound, wound-induced haemostasis, and chicken egg yolk feed challenge-induced hyperlipidaemia by supplementing larvae with exogenous glucose by immersion or injection. Neither method of glucose supplementation affected the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages following tail transection. Glucose injection reduced thrombocyte retention and fibrin plug formation while only thrombocyte retention was reduced by glucose immersion following tail transection. We observed accelerated lipid accumulation in glucose-injected larvae challenged with high fat chicken egg yolk feeding. Our study identifies conserved and divergent effects of high glucose on inflammation, haemostasis, and hyperlipidaemia in zebrafish larvae compared to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Morris
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Tuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology and Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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24
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Candida auris Cell Wall Mannosylation Contributes to Neutrophil Evasion through Pathways Divergent from Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. mSphere 2021; 6:e0040621. [PMID: 34160238 PMCID: PMC8265655 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00406-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida auris, a recently emergent fungal pathogen, has caused invasive infections in health care settings worldwide. Mortality rates approach 60% and hospital spread poses a public health threat. Compared to other Candida spp., C. auris avoids triggering the antifungal activity of neutrophils, innate immune cells that are critical for responding to many invasive fungal infections, including candidiasis. However, the mechanism underpinning this immune evasion has been largely unknown. Here, we show that C. auris cell wall mannosylation contributes to the evasion of neutrophils ex vivo and in a zebrafish infection model. Genetic disruption of mannosylation pathways (PMR1 and VAN1) diminishes the outer cell wall mannan, unmasks immunostimulatory components, and promotes neutrophil engagement, phagocytosis, and killing. Upon examination of these pathways in other Candida spp. (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata), we did not find an impact on neutrophil interactions. These studies show how C. auris mannosylation contributes to neutrophil evasion though pathways distinct from other common Candida spp. The findings shed light on innate immune evasion for this emerging pathogen. IMPORTANCE The emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris presents a global public health threat. Therapeutic options are often limited for this frequently drug-resistant pathogen, and mortality rates for invasive disease are high. Previous study has demonstrated that neutrophils, leukocytes critical for the antifungal host defense, do not efficiently recognize and kill C. auris. Here, we show how the outer cell wall of C. auris promotes immune evasion. Disruption of this mannan polysaccharide layer renders C. auris susceptible to neutrophil killing ex vivo and in a zebrafish model of invasive candidiasis. The role of these mannosylation pathways for neutrophil evasion appears divergent from other common Candida species.
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25
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Woitzik P, Linder S. Molecular Mechanisms of Borrelia burgdorferi Phagocytosis and Intracellular Processing by Human Macrophages. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:567. [PMID: 34206480 PMCID: PMC8301104 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne illness in North America and Europe. Its causative agents are spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu complex. Infection with borreliae can manifest in different tissues, most commonly in the skin and joints, but in severe cases also in the nervous systems and the heart. The immune response of the host is a crucial factor for preventing the development or progression of Lyme disease. Macrophages are part of the innate immune system and thus one of the first cells to encounter infecting borreliae. As professional phagocytes, they are capable of recognition, uptake, intracellular processing and final elimination of borreliae. This sequence of events involves the initial capture and internalization by actin-rich cellular protrusions, filopodia and coiling pseudopods. Uptake into phagosomes is followed by compaction of the elongated spirochetes and degradation in mature phagolysosomes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the processes and molecular mechanisms involved in recognition, capturing, uptake and intracellular processing of Borrelia by human macrophages. Moreover, we highlight interactions between macrophages and other cells of the immune system during these processes and point out open questions in the intracellular processing of borreliae, which include potential escape strategies of Borrelia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The MVD gene mutations are identified in porokeratosis, which is considered a skin-specific autoinflammatory keratinization disease. However, the biological function of MVD gene remains largely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the function of mvda gene, orthologous to the human MVD gene, in developing zebrafish. METHODS Morpholino antisense oligonucleotide technique was used to generate mvda loss-of-function phenotypes. Knockdown of mvda was confirmed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed to analyze the morphology of the epidermis. Angiogenesis study was presented using the Tg(fli1a:EGFP)y1 transgenic strain. In addition, acridine orange staining was used to examine the apoptotic cells in vivo. RESULTS As expected, the mvda morphants showed abnormal morphology of the epidermis. Moreover, we observed ectopic sprouts in trunk angiogenesis and impaired formation of the caudal vein plexus in the mvda-deficient zebrafish. Besides, increased apoptosis was found throughout the tail, heart, and eyes in mvda zebrafish morphants. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated the essential role of mvda in the early development of zebrafish. This was the first in vivo knockdown study of the zebrafish mvda gene, which might offer insight into the biological function of the human MVD gene.
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27
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Falkenberg LG, Beckman SA, Ravisankar P, Dohn TE, Waxman JS. Ccdc103 promotes myeloid cell proliferation and migration independent of motile cilia. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048439. [PMID: 34028558 PMCID: PMC8214733 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathology of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is predominantly attributed to impairment of motile cilia. However, PCD patients also have perplexing functional defects in myeloid cells, which lack motile cilia. Here, we show that coiled-coil domain-containing protein 103 (CCDC103), one of the genes that, when mutated, is known to cause PCD, is required for the proliferation and directed migration of myeloid cells. CCDC103 is expressed in human myeloid cells, where it colocalizes with cytoplasmic microtubules. Zebrafish ccdc103/schmalhans (smh) mutants have macrophages and neutrophils with reduced proliferation, abnormally rounded cell morphology and an inability to migrate efficiently to the site of sterile wounds, all of which are consistent with a loss of cytoplasmic microtubule stability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that direct interactions between CCDC103 and sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6), which also promotes microtubule stability, are abrogated by CCDC103 mutations from PCD patients, and that spag6 zebrafish mutants recapitulate the myeloid defects observed in smh mutants. In summary, we have illuminated a mechanism, independent of motile cilia, to explain functional defects in myeloid cells from PCD patients. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Falkenberg
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45267, USA
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sarah A. Beckman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Padmapriyadarshini Ravisankar
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Tracy E. Dohn
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45267, USA
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joshua S. Waxman
- Molecular Cardiovascular Biology Division and Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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28
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Richardson IM, Calo CJ, Hind LE. Microphysiological Systems for Studying Cellular Crosstalk During the Neutrophil Response to Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661537. [PMID: 33986752 PMCID: PMC8111168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary responders to infection, rapidly migrating to sites of inflammation and clearing pathogens through a variety of antimicrobial functions. This response is controlled by a complex network of signals produced by vascular cells, tissue resident cells, other immune cells, and the pathogen itself. Despite significant efforts to understand how these signals are integrated into the neutrophil response, we still do not have a complete picture of the mechanisms regulating this process. This is in part due to the inherent disadvantages of the most-used experimental systems: in vitro systems lack the complexity of the tissue microenvironment and animal models do not accurately capture the human immune response. Advanced microfluidic devices incorporating relevant tissue architectures, cell-cell interactions, and live pathogen sources have been developed to overcome these challenges. In this review, we will discuss the in vitro models currently being used to study the neutrophil response to infection, specifically in the context of cell-cell interactions, and provide an overview of their findings. We will also provide recommendations for the future direction of the field and what important aspects of the infectious microenvironment are missing from the current models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurel E. Hind
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado – Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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29
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Wang Y, Hsu AY, Walton EM, Park SJ, Syahirah R, Wang T, Zhou W, Ding C, Lemke AP, Zhang G, Tobin DM, Deng Q. A robust and flexible CRISPR/Cas9-based system for neutrophil-specific gene inactivation in zebrafish. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237799. [PMID: 33722979 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-based tissue-specific knockout techniques are essential for probing the functions of genes in embryonic development and disease using zebrafish. However, the lack of capacity to perform gene-specific rescue or live imaging in the tissue-specific knockout background has limited the utility of this approach. Here, we report a robust and flexible gateway system for tissue-specific gene inactivation in neutrophils. Using a transgenic fish line with neutrophil-restricted expression of Cas9 and ubiquitous expression of single guide (sg)RNAs targeting rac2, specific disruption of the rac2 gene in neutrophils is achieved. Transient expression of sgRNAs targeting rac2 or cdk2 in the neutrophil-restricted Cas9 line also results in significantly decreased cell motility. Re-expressing sgRNA-resistant rac2 or cdk2 genes restores neutrophil motility in the corresponding knockout background. Moreover, active Rac and force-bearing F-actins localize to both the cell front and the contracting tail during neutrophil interstitial migration in an oscillating fashion that is disrupted when rac2 is knocked out. Together, our work provides a potent tool that can be used to advance the utility of zebrafish in identifying and characterizing gene functions in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alan Y Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Eric M Walton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sung Jun Park
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ramizah Syahirah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chang Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Abby Pei Lemke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - GuangJun Zhang
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, & Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David M Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, & Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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30
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Bioengineered in vitro models of leukocyte-vascular interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:693-704. [PMID: 33843967 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes continuously circulate our body through the blood and lymphatic vessels. To survey invaders or abnormalities and defend our body against them, blood-circulating leukocytes migrate from the blood vessels into the interstitial tissue space (leukocyte extravasation) and exit the interstitial tissue space through draining lymphatic vessels (leukocyte intravasation). In the process of leukocyte trafficking, leukocytes recognize and respond to multiple biophysical and biochemical cues in these vascular microenvironments to determine adequate migration and adhesion pathways. As leukocyte trafficking is an essential part of the immune system and is involved in numerous immune diseases and related immunotherapies, researchers have attempted to identify the key biophysical and biochemical factors that might be responsible for leukocyte migration, adhesion, and trafficking. Although intravital live imaging of in vivo animal models has been remarkably advanced and utilized, bioengineered in vitro models that recapitulate complicated in vivo vascular structure and microenvironments are needed to better understand leukocyte trafficking since these in vitro models better allow for spatiotemporal analyses of leukocyte behaviors, decoupling of interdependent biological factors, better controlling of experimental parameters, reproducible experiments, and quantitative cellular analyses. This review discusses bioengineered in vitro model systems that are developed to study leukocyte interactions with complex microenvironments of blood and lymphatic vessels. This review focuses on the emerging concepts and methods in generating relevant biophysical and biochemical cues. Finally, the review concludes with expert perspectives on the future research directions for investigating leukocyte and vascular biology using the in vitro models.
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31
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Vesperini D, Montalvo G, Qu B, Lautenschläger F. Characterization of immune cell migration using microfabrication. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:185-202. [PMID: 34290841 PMCID: PMC8285443 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides our defense against pathogens and aberrant cells, including tumorigenic and infected cells. Motility is one of the fundamental characteristics that enable immune cells to find invading pathogens, control tissue damage, and eliminate primary developing tumors, even in the absence of external treatments. These processes are termed "immune surveillance." Migration disorders of immune cells are related to autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and tumor evasion. It is therefore essential to characterize immune cell motility in different physiologically and pathologically relevant scenarios to understand the regulatory mechanisms of functionality of immune responses. This review is focused on immune cell migration, to define the underlying mechanisms and the corresponding investigative approaches. We highlight the challenges that immune cells encounter in vivo, and the microfabrication methods to mimic particular aspects of their microenvironment. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tools, and provide information on how to access them. Furthermore, we summarize the directional cues that regulate individual immune cell migration, and discuss the behavior of immune cells in a complex environment composed of multiple directional cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Vesperini
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Galia Montalvo
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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32
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Weavers H, Martin P. The cell biology of inflammation: From common traits to remarkable immunological adaptations. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151857. [PMID: 32539109 PMCID: PMC7337495 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage triggers a rapid and robust inflammatory response in order to clear and repair a wound. Remarkably, many of the cell biology features that underlie the ability of leukocytes to home in to sites of injury and to fight infection—most of which are topics of intensive current research—were originally observed in various weird and wonderful translucent organisms over a century ago by Elie Metchnikoff, the “father of innate immunity,” who is credited with discovering phagocytes in 1882. In this review, we use Metchnikoff’s seminal lectures as a starting point to discuss the tremendous variety of cell biology features that underpin the function of these multitasking immune cells. Some of these are shared by other cell types (including aspects of motility, membrane trafficking, cell division, and death), but others are more unique features of innate immune cells, enabling them to fulfill their specialized functions, such as encapsulation of invading pathogens, cell–cell fusion in response to foreign bodies, and their self-sacrifice as occurs during NETosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol UK
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol UK.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.,School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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33
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Dorogova NV, Khruscheva AS, Galimova IA, Oshchepkov DY, Maslov DE, Shvedkina ED, Akhmetova KA, Fedorova SA. Migration of primordial germline cells is negatively regulated by surrounding somatic cells during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:525-532. [PMID: 33659837 PMCID: PMC7716568 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is an important morphogenetic process necessary at different stages of individual development and body functioning. The initiation and maintenance of the cell movement state requires the activation of many factors involved in the regulation of transcription, signal transduction, adhesive interactions, modulation of membranes and the cytoskeleton. However, cell movement depends on the status of both migrating and surrounding cells, interacting with each other during movement. The surrounding cells or cell matrix not only form a substrate for movement, but can also participate in the spatio-temporal regulation of the migration. At present, there is no exact understanding of the genetic mechanisms of this regulation. To determine the role of the cell environment in the regulation of individual cell migration, we studied the migration of primordial germline cells (PGC) during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Normally, PGC are formed at the 3rd stage of embryogenesis at the posterior pole of the embryo. During gastrulation (stages 6-7), PGC as a consolidated cell group passively transfers into the midgut primordium. Further, PGC are individualized, acquire an amoeboid form, and actively move through the midgut epithelium and migrate to the 5-6 abdominal segment of the embryo, where they form paired embryonic gonads. We screened for genes expressed in the epithelium surrounding PGC during early embryogenesis and affecting their migration. We identified the myc, Hph, stat92E, Tre-1, and hop genes, whose RNA interference leads to premature active PGC migration at stages 4-7 of embryogenesis. These genes can be divided into two groups: 1) modulators of JAK/STAT pathway activity inducing PGC migration (stat92E, Tre-1, hop), and 2) myc and Hph involved in epithelial morphogenesis and polarization, i. e. modifying the permeability of the epithelial barrier. Since a depletion of each of these gene products resulted in premature PGC migration, we can conclude that, normally, the somatic environment negatively regulates PGC migration during early Drosophila embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Dorogova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Khruscheva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Iu A Galimova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D Yu Oshchepkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D E Maslov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - K A Akhmetova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - S A Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Miccoli A, Picchietti S, Fausto AM, Scapigliati G. Evolution of immune defence responses as incremental layers among Metazoa. EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1849435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Miccoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - S. Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - A. M. Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
| | - G. Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università Snc, Viterbo, Italy
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35
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Palominos MF, Whitlock KE. The Olfactory Organ Is Populated by Neutrophils and Macrophages During Early Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:604030. [PMID: 33537298 PMCID: PMC7848073 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.604030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system of vertebrates is characterized by innate and adaptive immunity that function together to form the natural defense system of the organism. During development innate immunity is the first to become functional and is mediated primarily by phagocytic cells, including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. In the olfactory sensory system, the same sensory neurons in contact with the external environment have their first synapse within the central nervous system. This unique architecture presents a potential gateway for the entry of damaging or infectious agents to the nervous system. Here we used zebrafish as a model system to examine the development of the olfactory organ and to determine whether it shares immune characteristics of a host defense niche described in other tissues. During early development, both neutrophils and macrophages appear coincident with the generation of the primitive immune cells. The appearance of neutrophils and macrophages in the olfactory organs occurs as the blood and lymphatic vascular system is forming in the same region. Making use of the neurogenic properties of the olfactory organ we show that damage to the olfactory sensory neurons in larval zebrafish triggers a rapid immune response by local and non-local neutrophils. In contrast, macrophages, although present in greater numbers, mount a slower response to damage. We anticipate our findings will open new avenues of research into the role of the olfactory-immune response during normal neurogenesis and damage-induced regeneration and contribute to our understanding of the formation of a potential host defense immune niche in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernanda Palominos
- Programa Doctorado en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Kathleen E Whitlock
- Programa Doctorado en Neurociencia, Facultad de Ciencia, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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36
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Bae SH, Yoo JE, Choe YH, Kwak SH, Choi JY, Jung J, Hyun YM. Neutrophils infiltrate into the spiral ligament but not the stria vascularis in the cochlea during lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2522-2533. [PMID: 33456557 PMCID: PMC7806478 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been challenging to apply intravital imaging for monitoring the inner ear, as the anatomical location and intricate structure hamper the access of imaging instruments to the inner ear of live mice. By employing intravital imaging of the cochlea in live mice with two-photon microscopy, we investigated neutrophil infiltration into the cochlea tissue and its characteristics under a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory state. Methods: Cochlea inflammation was induced by LPS injection to the middle ear. Using two-photon intravital microscopy with specifically designed surgical exteriorization of the cochlea in live mice, we investigated the dynamic features of neutrophils in the lateral wall of the cochlea. The molecular expression pattern of the cochlea lateral wall was also investigated during the LPS-induce inflammation. Results: Despite the contention of whether neutrophils are recruited to the spiral ligament (SL) during inflammation, we observed that LPS-induced inflammation of the middle ear, which mimics acute otitis media, triggered neutrophil migration to the SL in the lateral wall. Notably, massive neutrophil infiltration to the SL occurred 2 days after LPS inoculation, but there was no neutrophil infiltration into the stria vascularis (SV) region. At 1 day after LPS-induced cochlear inflammation, increased mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 were identified in both the SL and SV, while the ICAM-1 mRNA expression increased only in the SL. The differential reactivity of ICAM-1 is likely responsible for the different neutrophil recruitment pattern in the cochlea. Conclusion: Intravital imaging of the cochlea revealed that neutrophil recruitment and infiltration during inflammation are spatially controlled and exclusively observed in the SL but not in the SV and organ of Corti.
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37
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How Have Leukocyte In Vitro Chemotaxis Assays Shaped Our Ideas about Macrophage Migration? BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120439. [PMID: 33276594 PMCID: PMC7761587 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The migration of immune cells is vital during inflammatory responses. Macrophages, which are a subset of immune cells, are unique in the ways they migrate because they can switch between different mechanism of migration. This crucial feature of macrophage migration has been underappreciated in the literature because technologies used to study macrophage migration were not able to efficiently detect those subtle differences between macrophages and other immune cells. This review article describes popular technologies used to study macrophage migration and critically assesses their advantages and disadvantages in macrophage migration studies. Abstract Macrophage chemotaxis is crucial during both onset and resolution of inflammation and unique among all leukocytes. Macrophages are able to switch between amoeboid and mesenchymal migration to optimise their migration through 3D environments. This subtle migration phenotype has been underappreciated in the literature, with macrophages often being grouped and discussed together with other leukocytes, possibly due to the limitations of current chemotaxis assays. Transwell assays were originally designed in the 1960s but despite their long-known limitations, they are still one of the most popular methods of studying macrophage migration. This review aims to critically evaluate transwell assays, and other popular chemotaxis assays, comparing their advantages and limitations in macrophage migration studies.
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38
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Barros-Becker F, Squirrell JM, Burke R, Chini J, Rindy J, Karim A, Eliceiri KW, Gibson A, Huttenlocher A. Distinct Tissue Damage and Microbial Cues Drive Neutrophil and Macrophage Recruitment to Thermal Injury. iScience 2020; 23:101699. [PMID: 33196024 PMCID: PMC7644964 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage triggers a rapid innate immune response that mediates host defense. Previously we reported that thermal damage of the larval zebrafish fin disrupts collagen organization and induces a robust and potentially damaging innate immune response. The mechanisms that drive damaging versus protective neutrophil inflammation in interstitial tissues remain unclear. Here we identify distinct cues in the tissue microenvironment that differentially drive neutrophil and macrophage responses to sterile injury. Using live imaging, we found a motile zone for neutrophils, but not macrophages, in collagen-free regions and identified a specific role for interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor signaling in neutrophil responses to thermal damage. IL-6 receptor mutants show impaired neutrophil recruitment to sterile thermal injury that was not present in tissues infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings identify distinct signaling networks during neutrophil recruitment to sterile and microbial damage cues and provide a framework to limit potentially damaging neutrophil inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Barros-Becker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jayne M Squirrell
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Russell Burke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julia Chini
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie Rindy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aos Karim
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Angela Gibson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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39
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Kaveh A, Bruton FA, Buckley C, Oremek MEM, Tucker CS, Mullins JJ, Taylor JM, Rossi AG, Denvir MA. Live Imaging of Heart Injury in Larval Zebrafish Reveals a Multi-Stage Model of Neutrophil and Macrophage Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:579943. [PMID: 33195220 PMCID: PMC7604347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.579943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages are crucial effectors and modulators of repair and regeneration following myocardial infarction, but they cannot be easily observed in vivo in mammalian models. Hence many studies have utilized larval zebrafish injury models to examine neutrophils and macrophages in their tissue of interest. However, to date the migratory patterns and ontogeny of these recruited cells is unknown. In this study, we address this need by comparing our larval zebrafish model of cardiac injury to the archetypal tail fin injury model. Our in vivo imaging allowed comprehensive mapping of neutrophil and macrophage migration from primary hematopoietic sites, to the wound. Early following injury there is an acute phase of neutrophil recruitment that is followed by sustained macrophage recruitment. Both cell types are initially recruited locally and subsequently from distal sites, primarily the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT). Once liberated from the CHT, some neutrophils and macrophages enter circulation, but most use abluminal vascular endothelium to crawl through the larva. In both injury models the innate immune response resolves by reverse migration, with very little apoptosis or efferocytosis of neutrophils. Furthermore, our in vivo imaging led to the finding of a novel wound responsive mpeg1+ neutrophil subset, highlighting previously unrecognized heterogeneity in neutrophils. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the modes of immune cell migration in larval zebrafish, paving the way for future studies examining tissue injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Kaveh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Finnius A. Bruton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena E. M. Oremek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carl S. Tucker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Denvir
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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40
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Principles of Leukocyte Migration Strategies. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:818-832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Cell type specific gene expression profiling reveals a role for complement component C3 in neutrophil responses to tissue damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15716. [PMID: 32973200 PMCID: PMC7518243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage induces rapid recruitment of leukocytes and changes in the transcriptional landscape that influence wound healing. However, the cell-type specific transcriptional changes that influence leukocyte function and tissue repair have not been well characterized. Here, we employed translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNA sequencing, TRAP-seq, in larval zebrafish to identify genes differentially expressed in neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells in response to wounding. We identified the complement pathway and c3a.1, homologous to the C3 component of human complement, as significantly increased in neutrophils in response to wounds. c3a.1−/− zebrafish larvae have impaired neutrophil directed migration to tail wounds with an initial lag in recruitment early after wounding. Moreover, c3a.1−/− zebrafish larvae have impaired recruitment to localized bacterial infections and reduced survival that is, at least in part, neutrophil mediated. Together, our findings support the power of TRAP-seq to identify cell type specific changes in gene expression that influence neutrophil behavior in response to tissue damage.
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42
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Stow JL, Condon ND. High-speed squeeze: Light-sheet imaging of zebrafish neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:447-449. [PMID: 32745328 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ce0320-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Discussion of lattice light sheet microscopy used for high resolution 3D imaging of neutrophil behaviors in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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43
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Sofias AM, Toner YC, Meerwaldt AE, van Leent MMT, Soultanidis G, Elschot M, Gonai H, Grendstad K, Flobak Å, Neckmann U, Wolowczyk C, Fisher EL, Reiner T, Davies CDL, Bjørkøy G, Teunissen AJP, Ochando J, Pérez-Medina C, Mulder WJM, Hak S. Tumor Targeting by α vβ 3-Integrin-Specific Lipid Nanoparticles Occurs via Phagocyte Hitchhiking. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7832-7846. [PMID: 32413260 PMCID: PMC7392528 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the first nanomedicine was clinically approved more than two decades ago, nanoparticles' (NP) in vivo behavior is complex and the immune system's role in their application remains elusive. At present, only passive-targeting nanoformulations have been clinically approved, while more complicated active-targeting strategies typically fail to advance from the early clinical phase stage. This absence of clinical translation is, among others, due to the very limited understanding for in vivo targeting mechanisms. Dynamic in vivo phenomena such as NPs' real-time targeting kinetics and phagocytes' contribution to active NP targeting remain largely unexplored. To better understand in vivo targeting, monitoring NP accumulation and distribution at complementary levels of spatial and temporal resolution is imperative. Here, we integrate in vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging with intravital microscopy and flow cytometric analyses to study αvβ3-integrin-targeted cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartate decorated liposomes and oil-in-water nanoemulsions in tumor mouse models. We observed that ligand-mediated accumulation in cancerous lesions is multifaceted and identified "NP hitchhiking" with phagocytes to contribute considerably to this intricate process. We anticipate that this understanding can facilitate rational improvement of nanomedicine applications and that immune cell-NP interactions can be harnessed to develop clinically viable nanomedicine-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department
of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department
of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular
Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen
University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- or
| | - Yohana C. Toner
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Anu E. Meerwaldt
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Biomedical
MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy M. T. van Leent
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University
Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Soultanidis
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Department
of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Department
of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Haruki Gonai
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kristin Grendstad
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åsmund Flobak
- The
Cancer Clinic, St. Olav’s University
Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Department
of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrike Neckmann
- Department
of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre
of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, Norwegian University of
Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Camilla Wolowczyk
- Department
of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre
of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, Norwegian University of
Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elizabeth L. Fisher
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department
of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer
Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Catharina de Lange Davies
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Department
of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Department
of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre
of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Faculty of Medicine and
Health Sciences, Norwegian University of
Science and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abraham J. P. Teunissen
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jordi Ochando
- Department
of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Transplant
Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- BioMedical
Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University
Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Hak
- Department
of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Department
of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF
Industry, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
- or
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44
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Jain N, Moeller J, Vogel V. Mechanobiology of Macrophages: How Physical Factors Coregulate Macrophage Plasticity and Phagocytosis. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 21:267-297. [PMID: 31167103 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-062117-121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their early-recognized functions in host defense and the clearance of apoptotic cell debris, macrophages play vital roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and repair. If misregulated, they steer the progression of many inflammatory diseases. Much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying macrophage signaling, transcriptomics, and proteomics, under physiological and pathological conditions. Yet, the detailed mechanisms that tune circulating monocytes/macrophages and tissue-resident macrophage polarization, differentiation, specification, and their functional plasticity remain elusive. We review how physical factors affect macrophage phenotype and function, including how they hunt for particles and pathogens, as well as the implications for phagocytosis, autophagy, and polarization from proinflammatory to prohealing phenotype. We further discuss how this knowledge can be harnessed in regenerative medicine and for the design of new drugs and immune-modulatory drug delivery systems, biomaterials, and tissue scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Jain
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Jens Moeller
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
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45
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Rapid exposure of macrophages to drugs resolves four classes of effects on the leading edge sensory pseudopod: Non-perturbing, adaptive, disruptive, and activating. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233012. [PMID: 32469878 PMCID: PMC7259666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte migration is controlled by a membrane-based chemosensory pathway on the leading edge pseudopod that guides cell movement up attractant gradients during the innate immune and inflammatory responses. This study employed single cell and population imaging to investigate drug-induced perturbations of leading edge pseudopod morphology in cultured, polarized RAW macrophages. The drugs tested included representative therapeutics (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, acetaminophen) as well as control drugs (PDGF, Gö6976, wortmannin). Notably, slow addition of any of the four therapeutics to cultured macrophages, mimicking the slowly increasing plasma concentration reported for standard oral dosage in patients, yielded no detectable change in pseudopod morphology. This finding is consistent with the well established clinical safety of these drugs. However, rapid drug addition to cultured macrophages revealed four distinct classes of effects on the leading edge pseudopod: (i) non-perturbing drug exposures yielded no detectable change in pseudopod morphology (acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac); (ii) adaptive exposures yielded temporary collapse of the extended pseudopod and its signature PI(3,4,5)P3 lipid signal followed by slow recovery of extended pseudopod morphology (ibuprofen, acetaminophen); (iii) disruptive exposures yielded long-term pseudopod collapse (Gö6976, wortmannin); and (iv) activating exposures yielded pseudopod expansion (PDGF). The novel observation of adaptive exposures leads us to hypothesize that rapid addition of an adaptive drug overwhelms an intrinsic or extrinsic adaptation system yielding temporary collapse followed by adaptive recovery, while slow addition enables gradual adaptation to counteract the drug perturbation in real time. Overall, the results illustrate an approach that may help identify therapeutic drugs that temporarily inhibit the leading edge pseudopod during extreme inflammation events, and toxic drugs that yield long term inhibition of the pseudopod with negative consequences for innate immunity. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of drug-induced pseudopod collapse, as well as the mechanisms of adaptation and recovery following some inhibitory drug exposures.
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46
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Jerison ER, Quake SR. Heterogeneous T cell motility behaviors emerge from a coupling between speed and turning in vivo. eLife 2020; 9:53933. [PMID: 32427565 PMCID: PMC7237209 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells in vivo migrate primarily via undirected random walks, but it remains unresolved how these random walks generate an efficient search. Here, we use light sheet microscopy of T cells in the larval zebrafish as a model system to study motility across large populations of cells over hours in their native context. We show that cells do not perform Levy flight; rather, there is substantial cell-to-cell variability in speed, which persists over timespans of a few hours. This variability is amplified by a correlation between speed and directional persistence, generating a characteristic cell behavioral manifold that is preserved under a perturbation to cell speeds, and seen in Mouse T cells and Dictyostelium. Together, these effects generate a broad range of length scales over which cells explore in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
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Kuil LE, Oosterhof N, Ferrero G, Mikulášová T, Hason M, Dekker J, Rovira M, van der Linde HC, van Strien PMH, de Pater E, Schaaf G, Bindels EMJ, Wittamer V, van Ham TJ. Zebrafish macrophage developmental arrest underlies depletion of microglia and reveals Csf1r-independent metaphocytes. eLife 2020; 9:e53403. [PMID: 32367800 PMCID: PMC7237208 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages derive from multiple sources of hematopoietic progenitors. Most macrophages require colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), but some macrophages persist in the absence of CSF1R. Here, we analyzed mpeg1:GFP-expressing macrophages in csf1r-deficient zebrafish and report that embryonic macrophages emerge followed by their developmental arrest. In larvae, mpeg1+ cell numbers then increased showing two distinct types in the skin: branched, putative Langerhans cells, and amoeboid cells. In contrast, although numbers also increased in csf1r-mutants, exclusively amoeboid mpeg1+ cells were present, which we showed by genetic lineage tracing to have a non-hematopoietic origin. They expressed macrophage-associated genes, but also showed decreased phagocytic gene expression and increased epithelial-associated gene expression, characteristic of metaphocytes, recently discovered ectoderm-derived cells. We further demonstrated that juvenile csf1r-deficient zebrafish exhibit systemic macrophage depletion. Thus, csf1r deficiency disrupts embryonic to adult macrophage development. Zebrafish deficient for csf1r are viable and permit analyzing the consequences of macrophage loss throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Nynke Oosterhof
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Giuliano Ferrero
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Tereza Mikulášová
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martina Hason
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jordy Dekker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Mireia Rovira
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Herma C van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Gerben Schaaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Erik MJ Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamNetherlands
| | - Valerie Wittamer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
- WELBIO, ULBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Tjakko J van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
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48
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Manley HR, Potter DL, Heddleston JM, Chew TL, Keightley MC, Lieschke GJ. Frontline Science: Dynamic cellular and subcellular features of migrating leukocytes revealed by in vivo lattice lightsheet microscopy. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:455-468. [PMID: 32323898 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0120-589r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil and macrophage (Mϕ) migration underpin the inflammatory response. However, the fast velocity, multidirectional instantaneous movement, and plastic, ever-changing shape of phagocytes confound high-resolution intravital imaging. Lattice lightsheet microscopy (LLSM) captures highly dynamic cell morphology at exceptional spatiotemporal resolution. We demonstrate the first extensive application of LLSM to leukocytes in vivo, utilizing optically transparent zebrafish, leukocyte-specific reporter lines that highlighted subcellular structure, and a wounding assay for leukocyte migration. LLSM revealed details of migrating leukocyte morphology, and permitted intricate, volumetric interrogation of highly dynamic activities within their native physiological setting. Very thin, recurrent uropod extensions must now be considered a characteristic feature of migrating neutrophils. LLSM resolved trailing uropod extensions, demonstrating their surprising length, and permitting quantitative assessment of cytoskeletal contributions to their evanescent form. Imaging leukocytes in blood vessel microenvironments at LLSM's spatiotemporal resolution displayed blood-flow-induced neutrophil dynamics and demonstrated unexpected leukocyte-endothelial interactions such as leukocyte-induced endothelial deformation against the intravascular pressure. LLSM of phagocytosis and cell death provided subcellular insights and uncovered novel behaviors. Collectively, we provide high-resolution LLSM examples of leukocyte structures (filopodia lamellipodia, uropod extensions, vesicles), and activities (interstitial and intravascular migration, leukocyte rolling, phagocytosis, cell death, and cytoplasmic ballooning). Application of LLSM to intravital leukocyte imaging sets the stage for transformative studies into the cellular and subcellular complexities of phagocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet R Manley
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Potter
- Monash Micro Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA
| | - M Cristina Keightley
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Current address: Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Latrobe Institute of Molecular Sciences, Latrobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Accarias S, Sanchez T, Labrousse A, Ben-Neji M, Boyance A, Poincloux R, Maridonneau-Parini I, Le Cabec V. Genetic engineering of Hoxb8-immortalized hematopoietic progenitors - a potent tool to study macrophage tissue migration. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs236703. [PMID: 31964707 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are detrimental in most cancers. Controlling their recruitment is thus potentially therapeutic. We previously found that TAMs perform protease-dependent mesenchymal migration in cancer, while macrophages perform amoeboid migration in other tissues. Inhibition of mesenchymal migration correlates with decreased TAM infiltration and tumor growth, providing rationale for a new cancer immunotherapy specifically targeting TAM motility. To identify new effectors of mesenchymal migration, we produced ER-Hoxb8-immortalized hematopoietic progenitors (cells with estrogen receptor-regulated Hoxb8 expression), which show unlimited proliferative ability in the presence of estrogen. The functionality of macrophages differentiated from ER-Hoxb8 progenitors was compared to bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). They polarized into M1- and M2-orientated macrophages, generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), ingested particles, formed podosomes, degraded the extracellular matrix, adopted amoeboid and mesenchymal migration in 3D, and infiltrated tumor explants ex vivo using mesenchymal migration. We also used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt gene expression of a known effector of mesenchymal migration, WASP (also known as WAS), to provide a proof of concept. We observed impaired podosome formation and mesenchymal migration capacity, thus recapitulating the phenotype of BMDM isolated from Wasp-knockout mice. Thus, we validate the use of ER-Hoxb8-immortalized macrophages as a potent tool to investigate macrophage functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Accarias
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
| | - Thibaut Sanchez
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
| | - Arnaud Labrousse
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
| | - Myriam Ben-Neji
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
| | - Aurélien Boyance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
| | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
| | - Véronique Le Cabec
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse 31290, France
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50
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Wang Y, Liu W, Yuan B, Yin X, Li Y, Li Z, Cui J, Yuan X, Li Y. The Application of Methylprednisolone Nanoscale Zirconium-Porphyrin Metal-Organic Framework (MPS-NPMOF) in the Treatment of Photoreceptor Degeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9763-9776. [PMID: 31849467 PMCID: PMC6911332 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s225992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photoreceptor degeneration is one of the most refractory oculopathy in the world, leading to vision loss in severe cases. Methyprednisolone is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases, either by oral administration or repeated intraocular injections. However, the efficacy was unsatisfactory due to its systemic or local side effects and short retention time within the retina. Methods Nanoscale zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic framework (NPMOF) was synthesized and characterized. The biotoxicity and imaging capability of NPMOF were evaluated using zebrafish embryos and larvae. NPMOF was then used as a skeleton and loaded with methylprednisolone (MPS) to prepare a novel kind of nanoparticle, MPS-NPMOF. Photoreceptor degeneration was induced by high-intensity light exposure in adult zebrafish. MPS-NPMOF was delivered to the injured retina by intraocular injection. The photoreceptor regeneration and its underlying mechanism were explored by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and behavioral test. Results NPMOF not only had low biotoxicity but also emitted bright fluorescence. Following a single MPS-NPMOF intraocular injection, the injured retina exhibited the faster photoreceptor regeneration with better visual function by promoting the cell proliferation. Conclusion NPMOF is an ideal carrier and could be applied in tracking and delivering medications. By intraocular injection, the novel drug delivery system, MPS-NPMOF, accomplishes the sustained release of drug and plays a therapeutic role in photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University College of Chemistry, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin University School of Science, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University College of Chemistry, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
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