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Jalava N, Arponen M, Widjaja N, Heino TJ, Ivaska KK. Short- and long-term exposure to high glucose induces unique transcriptional changes in osteoblasts in vitro. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060239. [PMID: 38809145 PMCID: PMC11128269 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone is increasingly recognized as a target for diabetic complications. In order to evaluate the direct effects of high glucose on bone, we investigated the global transcriptional changes induced by hyperglycemia in osteoblasts in vitro. Rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells were differentiated into osteoblasts for 10 days, and prior to analysis, they were exposed to hyperglycemia (25 mM) for the short-term (1 or 3 days) or long-term (10 days). Genes and pathways regulated by hyperglycemia were identified using mRNA sequencing and verified with qPCR. Genes upregulated by 1-day hyperglycemia were, for example, related to extracellular matrix organization, collagen synthesis and bone formation. This stimulatory effect was attenuated by 3 days. Long-term exposure impaired osteoblast viability, and downregulated, for example, extracellular matrix organization and lysosomal pathways, and increased intracellular oxidative stress. Interestingly, transcriptional changes by different exposure times were mostly unique and only 89 common genes responding to glucose were identified. In conclusion, short-term hyperglycemia had a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts and bone formation, whereas long-term hyperglycemia had a negative effect on intracellular redox balance, osteoblast viability and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Jalava
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Milja Arponen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Nicko Widjaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Terhi J. Heino
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Kaisa K. Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
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2
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Verma A, Pandey V, Sherry C, James C, Matteson K, Smith JT, Rudkouskaya A, Intes X, Barroso M. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging for Quantification of Targeted Drug Delivery in Varying Tumor Microenvironments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575453. [PMID: 38293105 PMCID: PMC10827127 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Rationale Trastuzumab (TZM) is a monoclonal antibody that targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) and is clinically used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast tumors. However, the tumor microenvironment can limit the access of TZM to the HER2 targets across the whole tumor and thereby compromise TZM's therapeutic efficacy. An imaging methodology that can non-invasively quantify the binding of TZM-HER2, which is required for therapeutic action, and distribution within tumors with varying tumor microenvironments is much needed. Methods We performed near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence lifetime (FLI) Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to measure TZM-HER2 binding, using in vitro microscopy and in vivo widefield macroscopy, in HER2 overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer cells and tumor xenografts, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate in vivo imaging results. Results NIR FLI FRET in vitro microscopy data show variations in intracellular distribution of bound TZM in HER2-positive breast AU565 and AU565 tumor-passaged XTM cell lines in comparison to SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Macroscopy FLI (MFLI) FRET in vivo imaging data show that SKOV-3 tumors display reduced TZM binding compared to AU565 and XTM tumors, as validated by ex vivo immunohistochemistry. Moreover, AU565/XTM and SKOV-3 tumor xenografts display different amounts and distributions of TME components, such as collagen and vascularity. Therefore, these results suggest that SKOV-3 tumors are refractory to TZM delivery due to their disrupted vasculature and increased collagen content. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that FLI is a powerful analytical tool to monitor the delivery of antibody drug tumor both in cell cultures and in vivo live systems. Especially, MFLI FRET is a unique imaging modality that can directly quantify target engagement with potential to elucidate the role of the TME in drug delivery efficacy in intact live tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Verma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Vikas Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Catherine Sherry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Christopher James
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Kailie Matteson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
- Current address: Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jason T. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Current address: Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, 22102, USA
| | - Alena Rudkouskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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3
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Obesity, bone marrow adiposity, and leukemia: Time to act. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13674. [PMID: 38092420 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has taken the face of a pandemic with less direct concern among the general population and scientific community. However, obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation that impacts multiple organs. Chronic inflammation is also associated with different solid and blood cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrates that individuals with obesity are at higher risk of developing blood cancers and have poorer clinical outcomes than individuals in a normal weight range. The bone marrow is critical for hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and myelopoiesis. Therefore, it is vital to understand the mechanisms by which obesity-associated changes in BM adiposity impact leukemia development. BM adipocytes are critical to maintain homeostasis via different means, including immune regulation. However, obesity increases BM adiposity and creates a pro-inflammatory environment to upregulate clonal hematopoiesis and a leukemia-supportive environment. Obesity further alters lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis via different mechanisms, which dysregulate myeloid and lymphoid immune cell functions mentioned in the text under different sequentially discussed sections. The altered immune cell function during obesity alters hematological malignancies and leukemia susceptibility. Therefore, obesity-induced altered BM adiposity, immune cell generation, and function impact an individual's predisposition and severity of leukemia, which should be considered a critical factor in leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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4
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Karno B, Edwards DN, Chen J. Metabolic control of cancer metastasis: role of amino acids at secondary organ sites. Oncogene 2023; 42:3447-3456. [PMID: 37848626 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths are caused by the metastases, which commonly develop at multiple organ sites including the brain, bone, and lungs. Despite longstanding observations that the spread of cancer is not random, our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie metastatic spread to specific organs remains limited. However, metabolism has recently emerged as an important contributor to metastasis. Amino acids are a significant nutrient source to cancer cells and their metabolism which can serve to fuel biosynthetic pathways capable of facilitating cell survival and tumor expansion while also defending against oxidative stress. Compared to the primary tumor, each of the common metastatic sites exhibit vastly different nutrient compositions and environmental stressors, necessitating the need of cancer cells to metabolically thrive in their new environment during colonization and outgrowth. This review seeks to summarize the current literature on amino acid metabolism pathways that support metastasis to common secondary sites, including impacts on immune responses. Understanding the role of amino acids in secondary organ sites may offer opportunities for therapeutic inhibition of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breelyn Karno
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Deanna N Edwards
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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5
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Ortiz JR, Lewis SM, Ciccone MF, Chatterjee D, Henry S, Siepel A, Dos Santos CO. Single-cell transcription mapping of murine and human mammary organoids responses to female hormones. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.28.559971. [PMID: 37808747 PMCID: PMC10557705 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.28.559971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
During female adolescence and pregnancy, rising levels of hormones result in a cyclic source of signals that control the development of mammary tissue. While such alterations are well understood from a whole-gland perspective, the alterations that such hormones bring to organoid cultures derived from mammary glands have yet to be fully mapped. This is of special importance given that organoids are considered suitable systems to understand cross species breast development. Here we utilized single-cell transcriptional profiling to delineate responses of murine and human normal breast organoid systems to female hormones across evolutionary distinct species. Collectively, our study represents a molecular atlas of epithelial dynamics in response to estrogen and pregnancy hormones.
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6
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Edwards DN. Amino Acid Metabolism in Bone Metastatic Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:344-353. [PMID: 37277592 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast and prostate tumors frequently metastasize to the bone, but the underlying mechanisms for osteotropism remain elusive. An emerging feature of metastatic progression is metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to new environments. This review will summarize the recent advances on how cancer cells utilize amino acid metabolism during metastasis, from early dissemination to interactions with the bone microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have suggested that certain metabolic preferences for amino acids may be associated with bone metastasis. Once in the bone microenvironment, cancer cells encounter a favorable microenvironment, where a changing nutrient composition of the tumor-bone microenvironment may alter metabolic interactions with bone-resident cells to further drive metastatic outgrowth. Enhanced amino acid metabolic programs are associated with bone metastatic disease and may be further augmented by the bone microenvironment. Additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate the role of amino acid metabolism on bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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7
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Smith JT, Sinsuebphon N, Rudkouskaya A, Michalet X, Intes X, Barroso M. in vivo quantitative FRET small animal imaging: intensity versus lifetime-based FRET. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.24.525411. [PMID: 36747671 PMCID: PMC9900789 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.24.525411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy is used in numerous biophysical and biomedical applications to monitor inter- and intramolecular interactions and conformational changes in the 2-10 nm range. FRET is currently being extended to in vivo optical imaging, its main application being in quantifying drug-target engagement or drug release in animal models of cancer using organic dye or nanoparticle-labeled probes. Herein, we compared FRET quantification using intensity-based FRET (sensitized emission FRET analysis with the 3-cube approach using an IVIS imager) and macroscopic fluorescence lifetime (MFLI) FRET using a custom system using a time-gated ICCD, for small animal optical in vivo imaging. The analytical expressions and experimental protocols required to quantify the product f D E of the FRET efficiency E and the fraction of donor molecules involved in FRET, f D , are described in detail for both methodologies. Dynamic in vivo FRET quantification of transferrin receptor-transferrin binding was acquired in live intact nude mice upon intravenous injection of near infrared-labeled transferrin FRET pair and benchmarked against in vitro FRET using hybridized oligonucleotides. Even though both in vivo imaging techniques provided similar dynamic trends for receptor-ligand engagement, we demonstrate that MFLI FRET has significant advantages. Whereas the sensitized emission FRET approach using the IVIS imager required 9 measurements (6 of which are used for calibration) acquired from three mice, MFLI FRET needed only one measurement collected from a single mouse, although a control mouse might be needed in a more general situation. Based on our study, MFLI therefore represents the method of choice for longitudinal preclinical FRET studies such as that of targeted drug delivery in intact, live mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Smith
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Present address: Elephas, 1 Erdman Pl., Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nattawut Sinsuebphon
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Present address: Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 12120 Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Alena Rudkouskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Xavier Michalet
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xavier Intes
- Center for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging in Medicine (CeMSIM), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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8
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Chlebek C, Rosen CJ. The Role of Bone Cell Energetics in Altering Bone Quality and Strength in Health and Disease. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:1-10. [PMID: 36435911 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone quality and strength are diminished with age and disease but can be improved by clinical intervention. Energetic pathways are essential for cellular function and drive osteogenic signaling within bone cells. Altered bone quality is associated with changes in the energetic activity of bone cells following diet-based or therapeutic interventions. Energetic pathways may directly or indirectly contribute to changes in bone quality. The goal of this review is to highlight tissue-level and bioenergetic changes in bone health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Bone cell energetics are an expanding field of research. Early literature primarily focused on defining energetic activation throughout the lifespan of bone cells. Recent studies have begun to connect bone energetic activity to health and disease. In this review, we highlight bone cell energetic demands, the effect of substrate availability on bone quality, altered bioenergetics associated with disease treatment and development, and additional biological factors influencing bone cell energetics. Bone cells use several energetic pathways during differentiation and maturity. The orchestration of bioenergetic pathways is critical for healthy cell function. Systemic changes in substrate availability alter bone quality, potentially due to the direct effects of altered bone cell bioenergetic activity. Bone cell bioenergetics may also contribute directly to the development and treatment of skeletal diseases. Understanding the role of energetic pathways in the cellular response to disease will improve patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Chlebek
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, USA.
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9
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Osteometabolism: Metabolic Alterations in Bone Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233943. [PMID: 36497201 PMCID: PMC9735555 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. These findings point to the possibility of novel endocrine connections through which bone cells can convey their energy status to other metabolic control centers. Understanding the expanded function of skeleton system has in turn inspired new lines of research aimed at characterizing the energy needs and bioenergetic characteristics of these bone cells. Bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells require a constant and large supply of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, glutamine, etc., for their differentiation and functional activity. According to latest research, important developmental signaling pathways in bone cells are connected to bioenergetic programs, which may accommodate variations in energy requirements during their life cycle. The present review article provides a unique perspective of the past and present research in the metabolic characteristics of bone cells along with mechanisms governing energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic inventions which are currently being utilized for the treatment and management of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), etc., by modulating the energetics of bone cells. We further emphasized on the role of GUT-associated metabolites (GAMs) such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), indole derivates, bile acids, etc., in regulating the energetics of bone cells and their plausible role in maintaining bone health. Emphasis is importantly placed on highlighting knowledge gaps in this novel field of skeletal biology, i.e., "Osteometabolism" (proposed by our group) that need to be further explored to characterize the physiological importance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in the context of human health and bone related metabolic diseases.
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10
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Abstract
Amino acid metabolism regulates essential cellular functions, not only by fueling protein synthesis, but also by supporting the biogenesis of nucleotides, redox factors and lipids. Amino acids are also involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle anaplerosis, epigenetic modifications, next to synthesis of neurotransmitters and hormones. As such, amino acids contribute to a broad range of cellular processes such as proliferation, matrix synthesis and intercellular communication, which are all critical for skeletal cell functioning. Here we summarize recent work elucidating how amino acid metabolism supports and regulates skeletal cell function during bone growth and homeostasis, as well as during skeletal disease. The most extensively studied amino acid is glutamine, and osteoblasts and chondrocytes rely heavily on this non-essential amino acid during for their functioning and differentiation. Regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors such as SOX9 and osteoanabolic agents such as parathyroid hormone or WNT, glutamine metabolism has a wide range of metabolic roles, as it fuels anabolic processes by producing nucleotides and non-essential amino acids, maintains redox balance by generating the antioxidant glutathione and regulates cell-specific gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. We also describe how other amino acids affect skeletal cell functions, although further work is needed to fully understand their effect. The increasing number of studies using stable isotope labelling in several skeletal cell types at various stages of differentiation, together with conditional inactivation of amino acid transporters or enzymes in mouse models, will allow us to obtain a more complete picture of amino acid metabolism in skeletal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve Stegen
- Corresponding author at: Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, O&N1bis, Herestraat 49 box 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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11
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Raimondi V, Toscani D, Marchica V, Burroughs-Garcia J, Storti P, Giuliani N. Metabolic features of myeloma cells in the context of bone microenvironment: Implication for the pathophysiology and clinic of myeloma bone disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015402. [PMID: 36313705 PMCID: PMC9608343 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) into the bone marrow (BM). The complex interaction between the BM microenvironment and MM PCs can lead to severe impairment of bone remodeling. Indeed, the BM microenvironment exerts a critical role in the survival of malignant PCs. Growing evidence indicates that MM cells have several metabolic features including enhanced glycolysis and an increase in lactate production through the upregulation of glucose transporters and enzymes. More recently, it has been reported that MM cells arehighly glutamine addicted. Interestingly, these metabolic changes in MM cells may affect BM microenvironment cells by altering the differentiation process of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stromal cells. The identification of glutamine metabolism alterations in MM cells and bone microenvironment may provide a rationale to design new therapeutic approaches and diagnostic tools. The osteolytic lesions are the most frequent clinical features in MM patients, often characterized by pathological fractures and acute pain. The use of the newer imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and combined Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Computerized Tomography (CT) has been introduced into clinical practice to better define the skeletal involvement. Currently, the PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the diagnostic gold standard to detect active MM bone disease due to the high glycolytic activity of MM cells. However, new tracers are actively under investigation because a portion of MM patients remains negative at the skeletal level by 18F-FDG. In this review, we will summarize the existing knowledge on the metabolic alterations of MM cells considering their impact on the BM microenvironment cells and particularly in the subsequent formation of osteolytic bone lesions. Based on this, we will discuss the identification of possible new druggable targets and the use of novel metabolic targets for PET imaging in the detection of skeletal lesions, in the staging and treatment response of MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Raimondi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Storti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Storti, ; Nicola Giuliani,
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Hematology, “Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma”, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Storti, ; Nicola Giuliani,
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12
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Jiménez JA, Lawlor ER, Lyssiotis CA. Amino acid metabolism in primary bone sarcomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1001318. [PMID: 36276057 PMCID: PMC9581121 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bone sarcomas, including osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are aggressive tumors with peak incidence in childhood and adolescence. The intense standard treatment for these patients consists of combined surgery and/or radiation and maximal doses of chemotherapy; a regimen that has not seen improvement in decades. Like other tumor types, ES and OS are characterized by dysregulated cellular metabolism and a rewiring of metabolic pathways to support the biosynthetic demands of malignant growth. Not only are cancer cells characterized by Warburg metabolism, or aerobic glycolysis, but emerging work has revealed a dependence on amino acid metabolism. Aside from incorporation into proteins, amino acids serve critical functions in redox balance, energy homeostasis, and epigenetic maintenance. In this review, we summarize current studies describing the amino acid metabolic requirements of primary bone sarcomas, focusing on OS and ES, and compare these dependencies in the normal bone and malignant tumor contexts. We also examine insights that can be gleaned from other cancers to better understand differential metabolic susceptibilities between primary and metastatic tumor microenvironments. Lastly, we discuss potential metabolic vulnerabilities that may be exploited therapeutically and provide better-targeted treatments to improve the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Jiménez
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Lawlor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States,*Correspondence: Elizabeth R. Lawlor, ; Costas A. Lyssiotis,
| | - Costas A. Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Elizabeth R. Lawlor, ; Costas A. Lyssiotis,
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13
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Oudaert I, Van der Vreken A, Maes A, De Bruyne E, De Veirman K, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Metabolic cross-talk within the bone marrow milieu: focus on multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:49. [PMID: 36050788 PMCID: PMC9438316 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are well-known for their capacity to adapt their metabolism to their increasing energy demands which is necessary for tumor progression. This is no different for Multiple Myeloma (MM), a hematological cancer which develops in the bone marrow (BM), whereby the malignant plasma cells accumulate and impair normal BM functions. It has become clear that the hypoxic BM environment contributes to metabolic rewiring of the MM cells, including changes in metabolite levels, increased/decreased activity of metabolic enzymes and metabolic shifts. These adaptations will lead to a pro-tumoral environment stimulating MM growth and drug resistance In this review, we discuss the identified metabolic changes in MM and the BM microenvironment and summarize how these identified changes have been targeted (by inhibitors, genetic approaches or deprivation studies) in order to block MM progression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Oudaert
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arne Van der Vreken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anke Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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14
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Deng L, Yi S, Yin X, Li Y, Luan Q. MFN2 knockdown promotes osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs through aerobic glycolysis mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:162. [PMID: 35413941 PMCID: PMC9006575 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a kind of GTPase that participates in the regulation of mitochondrial fusion, which is related to a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including energy metabolism, cell differentiation, and embryonic development. However, it remains unclear whether MFN2 is involved in the metabolism and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods MFN2 knockdown (MFN2-KD) and MFN2-overexpressing (MFN2-OE) induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iPSC-MSCs) were constructed by lentivirus. The commercial kits were utilized to detect the glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rate. Flow cytometry, Western blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), RNA-seq, immunofluorescence, and immunoprecipitation were employed for phenotype and molecular mechanism assessment. Results We demonstrated that MFN2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulated glycolysis of iPSC-MSCs. The lack of MFN2 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs, and aerobic glycolysis in the presence of sufficient oxygen, which increased glucose consumption and lactic acid production, as well as the glycolytic enzyme activity and gene expression. Inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway normalized the enhanced glycolytic rate and osteogenic differentiation of MFN2-KD iPSC-MSCs. MFN2-OE iPSC-MSCs displayed the opposite phenotype. Conclusions Downregulating MFN2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of iPSC-MSCs through aerobic glycolysis mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our research reveals the new function of MFN2 in regulating the osteogenic differentiation and energy metabolism of MSCs, which will provide a new therapeutic target and theoretical basis for alveolar bone repair and periodontal regenerative treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02836-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Deng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Yi
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- Department of First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingxian Luan
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Shen L, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Pruett-Miller SM, Zhang GF, Karner CM. SLC38A2 provides proline to fulfil unique synthetic demands arising during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. eLife 2022; 11:76963. [PMID: 35261338 PMCID: PMC9007586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is associated with the acquisition of a unique protein signature which is essential to attain the ultimate cellular function and activity of the differentiated cell. This is predicted to result in unique biosynthetic demands that arise during differentiation. Using a bioinformatic approach, we discovered osteoblast differentiation is associated with increased demand for the amino acid proline. When compared to other differentiated cells, osteoblast-associated proteins including RUNX2, OSX, OCN and COL1A1 are significantly enriched in proline. Using a genetic and metabolomic approach, we demonstrate that the neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A2 acts cell autonomously to provide proline to facilitate the efficient synthesis of proline-rich osteoblast proteins. Genetic ablation of SLC38A2 in osteoblasts limits both osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in mice. Mechanistically, proline is primarily incorporated into nascent protein with little metabolism observed. Collectively, these data highlight a requirement for proline in fulfilling the unique biosynthetic requirements that arise during osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yunji Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoblasts are responsible for bone matrix production during bone development and homeostasis. Much is known about the transcriptional regulation and signaling pathways governing osteoblast differentiation. However, less is known about how osteoblasts obtain or utilize nutrients to fulfill the energetic demands associated with osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. The goal of this review is to highlight and discuss what is known about the role and regulation of bioenergetic metabolism in osteoblasts with a focus on more recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS Bioenergetic metabolism has emerged as an important regulatory node in osteoblasts. Recent studies have begun to identify the major nutrients and bioenergetic pathways favored by osteoblasts as well as their regulation during differentiation. Here, we highlight how osteoblasts obtain and metabolize glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to provide energy and other metabolic intermediates. In addition, we highlight the signals that regulate nutrient uptake and metabolism and focus on how energetic metabolism promotes osteoblast differentiation. Bioenergetic metabolism provides energy and other metabolites that are critical for osteoblast differentiation and activity. This knowledge contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of osteoblast biology and may inform novel strategies to modulate osteoblast differentiation and bone anabolism in patients with bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guoli Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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17
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Ye J, Xiao J, Wang J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yin H. The Interaction Between Intracellular Energy Metabolism and Signaling Pathways During Osteogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:807487. [PMID: 35155568 PMCID: PMC8832142 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.807487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts primarily mediate bone formation, maintain bone structure, and regulate bone mineralization, which plays an important role in bone remodeling. In the past decades, the roles of cytokines, signaling proteins, and transcription factors in osteoblasts have been widely studied. However, whether the energy metabolism of cells can be regulated by these factors to affect the differentiation and functioning of osteoblasts has not been explored in depth. In addition, the signaling and energy metabolism pathways are not independent but closely connected. Although energy metabolism is mediated by signaling pathways, some intermediates of energy metabolism can participate in protein post-translational modification. The content of intermediates, such as acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine), determines the degree of acetylation and glycosylation in terms of the availability of energy-producing substrates. The utilization of intracellular metabolic resources and cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation are all related to the integration of metabolic and signaling pathways. In this paper, the interaction between the energy metabolism pathway and osteogenic signaling pathway in osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Ye
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jirimutu Xiao
- Mongolian Medicine College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
| | - Yong Ma
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongrui Zhang
- Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jianwei Wang, ; Heng Yin,
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18
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Sharma D, Yu Y, Shen L, Zhang GF, Karner CM. SLC1A5 provides glutamine and asparagine necessary for bone development in mice. eLife 2021; 10:71595. [PMID: 34647520 PMCID: PMC8553342 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblast differentiation is sequentially characterized by high rates of proliferation followed by increased protein and matrix synthesis, processes that require substantial amino acid acquisition and production. How osteoblasts obtain or maintain intracellular amino acid production is poorly understood. Here, we identify SLC1A5 as a critical amino acid transporter during bone development. Using a genetic and metabolomic approach, we show SLC1A5 acts cell autonomously to regulate protein synthesis and osteoblast differentiation. SLC1A5 provides both glutamine and asparagine which are essential for osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, glutamine and to a lesser extent asparagine support amino acid biosynthesis. Thus, osteoblasts depend on Slc1a5 to provide glutamine and asparagine, which are subsequently used to produce non-essential amino acids and support osteoblast differentiation and bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Leyao Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Guo-Fang Zhang
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center & Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research. University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we provide a recent update on bioenergetic pathways in osteocytes and identify potential future areas of research interest. Studies have identified a role for regulation of bone formation and bone resorption through osteocyte mechanosensing and osteocyte secreted factors. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of studies on the bioenergetics and energy metabolism of osteocytes, which are required for the regulation of bone remodeling. RECENT FINDINGS Osteocytes are cells of the osteoblast lineage embedded in bone. The osteocyte lacunocanalicular network within the skeletal matrix is exposed to a unique hypoxic environment. Therefore, the bioenergetic requirements of these cells could differ from other bone cells due to its location in the ossified matrix and its role in bone regulation transduced by mechanical signals. Recent findings highlighted in this review provide some evidence that metabolism of these cells is dependent on their location due to the substrates present in the microenvironment and metabolic cues from stress pathways. Both glycolysis (glucose metabolism) and oxidative phosphorylation (mitochondrial dynamics, ROS generation) affect osteocyte function and viability. In this review, we provide evidence that is currently available about information regarding bioenergetics pathways in osteocytes. We discuss published studies showing a role for hypoxia-driven glucose metabolism in regulating osteocyte bioenergetics. We also provide information on various substrates that osteocytes could utilize to fuel energetic needs, namely pyruvate, amino acids, and fatty acids. This is based on some preliminary experimental evidence that is available in literature. The role of parathyroid hormone PTH and parathryoid hormone-related peptide PTHrP in bone anabolism and resorption, along with regulation of metabolic pathways in the cells of the skeletal niche, needs to be explored further. Mitochondrial metabolism has a role in osteocyte bioenergetics through substrate utilization, location of the osteocyte in the bone cortex, and mitochondrial biogenesis. While there are limitations in studying metabolic flux in traditional cell lines, there are now novel cell lines and sophisticated tools available to study osteocyte bioenergetics to help harness its potential in vivo in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivin Karthik
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chiu M, Taurino G, Bianchi MG, Bussolati O. The Role of Amino Acids in the Crosstalk Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Neoplastic Cells in the Hematopoietic Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714755. [PMID: 34277645 PMCID: PMC8278102 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the bone marrow hematopoietic cells are in close connection with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which influence the behavior and differentiation of normal or malignant lymphoid and myeloid cells. Altered cell metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, and changes in nutrient pools and fluxes are important components of the bidirectional communication between MSCs and hematological cancer cells. Among nutrients, amino acids play a significant role in cancer progression and chemo-resistance. Moreover, selected types of cancer cells are extremely greedy for glutamine, and significantly deplete the extracellular pool of the amino acid. As a consequence, this influences the behavior of MSCs in terms of either cytokine/chemokine secretion or differentiation potential. Additionally, a direct nutritional interaction exists between MSCs and immune cells. In particular, selected subpopulations of lymphocytes are dependent upon selected amino acids, such as arginine and tryptophan, for full differentiation and competence. This review describes and discusses the nutritional interactions existing in the neoplastic bone marrow niche between MSCs and other cell types, with a particular emphasis on cancer cells and immune cells. These relationships are discussed in the perspective of potential novel therapeutic strategies based on the interference on amino acid metabolism or intercellular fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Chiu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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21
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First person – Leyao Shen and Deepika Sharma. J Cell Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Leyao Shen and Deepika Sharma are co-first authors on ‘Biphasic regulation of glutamine consumption by WNT during osteoblast differentiation’, published in JCS. Leyao is a PhD student in the lab of Courtney Karner at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States, investigating the role of amino acid metabolism in osteoblast differentiation during bone development. Deepika is a post-doc in the same lab, who is interested in understanding the role of metabolism during bone formation and maintenance in order to identify novel targets for bone disorders.
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