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Iwińska K, Wirowska M, Borowski Z, Boratyński Z, Solecki P, Ciesielski M, Boratyński JS. Energy allocation is revealed while behavioural performance persists after fire disturbance. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247114. [PMID: 38323432 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic physiology and animal behaviour are often considered to be linked, positively or negatively, according to either the performance or allocation models. Performance seems to predominate over allocation in natural systems, but the constraining environmental context may reveal allocation limitations to energetically expensive behaviours. Habitat disturbance, such as the large-scale fire that burnt wetlands of Biebrza National Park (NE Poland), degrades natural ecosystems. It arguably reduces food and shelter availability, modifies predator-prey interactions, and poses a direct threat for animal survival, such as that of the wetland specialist root vole Microtus oeconomus. We hypothesized that fire disturbance induces physiology-behaviour co-expression, as a consequence of changed environmental context. We repeatedly measured maintenance and exercise metabolism, and behavioural responses to the open field, in a root voles from post-fire and unburnt locations. Highly repeatable maintenance metabolism and distance moved during behavioural tests correlated positively, but relatively labile exercise metabolism did not covary with behaviour. At the same time, voles from a post-fire habitat had higher maintenance metabolism and moved shorter distances than voles from unburnt areas. We conclude there is a prevalence of the performance mechanism, but simultaneous manifestation of context-dependent allocation constraints of the physiology-behaviour covariation after disturbance. The last occurs at the within-individual level, indicating the significance of behavioural plasticity in the context of environmental disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Iwińska
- University of Białystok Doctoral School in Exact and Natural Sciences, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Martyna Wirowska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Systematic Zoology, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Zbyszek Boratyński
- BIOPOLIS, CIBIO/InBio, Research Center in Biodiversity & Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Paweł Solecki
- Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jan S Boratyński
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland
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2
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Pettersen AK, Metcalfe NB, Seebacher F. Intergenerational plasticity aligns with temperature-dependent selection on offspring metabolic rates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220496. [PMID: 38186279 PMCID: PMC10772613 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rates are linked to key life-history traits that are thought to set the pace of life and affect fitness, yet the role that parents may have in shaping the metabolism of their offspring to enhance survival remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of temperature (24°C or 30°C) and feeding frequency experienced by parent zebrafish (Danio rerio) on offspring phenotypes and early survival at different developmental temperatures (24°C or 30°C). We found that embryo size was larger, but survival lower, in offspring from the parental low food treatment. Parents exposed to the warmer temperature and lower food treatment also produced offspring with lower standard metabolic rates-aligning with selection on embryo metabolic rates. Lower metabolic rates were correlated with reduced developmental and growth rates, suggesting selection for a slow pace of life. Our results show that intergenerational phenotypic plasticity on offspring size and metabolic rate can be adaptive when parent and offspring temperatures are matched: the direction of selection on embryo size and metabolism aligned with intergenerational plasticity towards lower metabolism at higher temperatures, particularly in offspring from low-condition parents. These findings provide evidence for adaptive parental effects, but only when parental and offspring environments match. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Pettersen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine,, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine,, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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3
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Pettersen AK, Metcalfe NB. Consequences of the cost of living: is variation in metabolic rate evolutionarily significant? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220498. [PMID: 38186277 PMCID: PMC10772612 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Pettersen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neil B. Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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4
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Haave-Audet E, Martin JGA, Wijmenga JJ, Mathot KJ. Information Gathering Is Associated with Increased Survival: A Field Experiment in Black-Capped Chickadees ( Poecile atricapillus). Am Nat 2024; 203:109-123. [PMID: 38207133 DOI: 10.1086/727509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
AbstractSampling, investing time or energy to learn about the environment, allows organisms to track changes in resource distribution and quality. The use of sampling is predicted to change as a function of energy expenditure, food availability, and starvation risk, all of which can vary both within and among individuals. We studied sampling behavior in a field study with black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and show that individuals adjust their use of sampling as a function of ambient temperature (a proxy for energy expenditure), the presence of an alternative food source (yes or no, a proxy for risk of energy shortfall), and their interaction, as predicted by models of optimal sampling. We also observed repeatable differences in sampling. Some individuals consistently sampled more, and individuals that sampled more overall also had a higher annual survival. These results are consistent with among-individual differences in resource acquisition (e.g., food caches or dominance-related differences in priority access to feeders), shaping among-individual differences in both sampling and survival, with greater resource acquisition leading to both higher sampling and higher survival. Although this explanation requires explicit testing, it is in line with several recent studies suggesting that variation in resource acquisition is a key mechanism underlying animal personality.
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Stamps JA, Biro PA. Time-specific convergence and divergence in individual differences in behavior: Theory, protocols and analyzes. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10615. [PMID: 38034332 PMCID: PMC10682899 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, theoreticians and empiricists working in a wide range of disciplines, including physiology, ethology, psychology, and behavioral ecology, have suggested a variety of reasons why individual differences in behavior might change over time, such that different individuals become more similar (convergence) or less similar (divergence) to one another. Virtually none of these investigators have suggested that convergence or divergence will continue forever, instead proposing that these patterns will be restricted to particular periods over the course of a longer study. However, to date, few empiricists have documented time-specific convergence or divergence, in part because the experimental designs and statistical methods suitable for describing these patterns are not widely known. Here, we begin by reviewing an array of influential hypotheses that predict convergence or divergence in individual differences over timescales ranging from minutes to years, and that suggest how and why such patterns are likely to change over time (e.g., divergence followed by maintenance). Then, we describe experimental designs and statistical methods that can be used to determine if (and when) individual differences converged, diverged, or were maintained at the same level at specific periods during a longitudinal study. Finally, we describe why the concepts described herein help explain the discrepancy between what theoreticians and empiricists mean when they describe the "emergence" of individual differences or personality, how they might be used to study situations in which convergence and divergence patterns alternate over time, and how they might be used to study time-specific changes in other attributes of behavior, including individual differences in intraindividual variability (predictability), or genotypic differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy A. Stamps
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peter A. Biro
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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Luchiari AC, Maximino C. Fish personality: meta-theoretical issues, personality dimensions, and applications to neuroscience and psychopathology. PERSONALITY NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 6:e9. [PMID: 38107778 PMCID: PMC10725779 DOI: 10.1017/pen.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
While the field of personality neuroscience has extensively focused on humans and, in a few cases, primates and rodents, a wide range of research on fish personality has emerged in the last decades. This research is focused mainly on the ecological and evolutionary causes of individual differences and also aimed less extensively at proximal mechanisms (e.g., neurochemistry or genetics). We argue that, if consistent and intentional work is made to solve some of the meta-theoretical issues of personality research both on fish and mammals, fish personality research can lead to important advances in personality neuroscience as a whole. The five dimensions of personality in fish (shyness-boldness, exploration-avoidance, activity, aggressiveness, and sociability) need to be translated into models that explicitly recognize the impacts of personality in psychopathology, synergizing research on fish as model organisms in experimental psychopathology, personality neuroscience, and ecological-ethological approaches to the evolutionary underpinnings of personality to produce a powerful framework to understand individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology & Behavior, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Caio Maximino
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Comportamento, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá, Brazil
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Watrobska CM, Pasquier G, Leadbeater E, Portugal SJ. Metabolic rate does not explain performance on a short-term memory task or personality traits in juvenile chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221650. [PMID: 37711148 PMCID: PMC10498036 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rate determines life processes and the physiological requirements of an individual, and has recently been implicated as a driver of inter-individual variation in behaviour, with positive correlations associated with boldness, exploration and aggressive behaviours being recorded. While the link between metabolism and personality has been explored, little is known about the influence of metabolism on cognitive abilities. Here we used juvenile female chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) to investigate the relationships between metabolic rate at rest, short-term memory, personality, and dominance. Resting metabolic rates of the chicks were measured over a three-week period, concurrently with measures of short-term memory using an analogue of the radial arm maze. We also measured latency to leave the shelter (boldness), neophobia (fear of novel objects) and dominance within a group, both before and after short-term memory trials. We found that metabolic rate did not explain inter-individual differences in short-term memory, personality traits or dominance, suggesting that energy allocated to these traits is independent of individual metabolic rate, and providing evidence for the independent energy-management hypothesis. Differences in short-term memory were also not explained by boldness or neophobia. Variation in behaviour in chicks, therefore, appears to be driven by separate, currently unknown variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecylia M. Watrobska
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Grégoire Pasquier
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ellouise Leadbeater
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Steven J. Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
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8
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Yoon GR, Thorstensen MJ, Bugg WS, Bouyoucos IA, Deslauriers D, Anderson WG. Comparison of metabolic rate between two genetically distinct populations of lake sturgeon. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10470. [PMID: 37664502 PMCID: PMC10468615 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental temperatures differ across latitudes in the temperate zone, with relatively lower summer and fall temperatures in the north leading to a shorter growing season prior to winter. As an adaptive response, during early life stages, fish in northern latitudes may grow faster than their conspecifics in southern latitudes, which potentially manifests as different allometric relationships between body mass and metabolic rate. In the present study, we examined if population or year class had an effect on the variation of metabolic rate and metabolic scaling of age-0 lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) by examining these traits in both a northern (Nelson River) and a southern (Winnipeg River) population. We compiled 6 years of data that used intermittent flow respirometry to measure metabolic rate within the first year of life for developing sturgeon that were raised in the same environment at 16°C. We then used a Bayesian modeling approach to examine the impacts of population and year class on metabolic rate and mass-scaling of metabolic rate. Despite previous reports of genetic differences between populations, our results showed that there were no significant differences in standard metabolic rate, routine metabolic rate, maximum metabolic rate, and metabolic scaling between the two geographically separated populations at a temperature of 16°C. Our analysis implied that the lack of metabolic differences between populations could be due to family effects/parental contribution, or the rearing temperature used in the study. The present research provided insights for conservation and reintroduction strategies for these populations of lake sturgeon, which are endangered or threatened across most of their natural range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwangseok R. Yoon
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Matt J. Thorstensen
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - William S. Bugg
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Pacific Salmon FoundationVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ian A. Bouyoucos
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - David Deslauriers
- Institut des sciences de la mer de RimouskiUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuébecCanada
| | - W. Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
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9
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Mutwill AM, Schielzeth H, Richter SH, Kaiser S, Sachser N. Conditional on the social environment? Roots of repeatability in hormone concentrations of male guinea pigs. Horm Behav 2023; 155:105423. [PMID: 37713739 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in behavioral and physiological traits among members of the same species are increasingly being recognized as important in animal research. On the group level, shaping of behavioral and hormonal phenotypes by environmental factors has been reported in different taxa. The extent to which the environment impacts behavior and hormones on the individual level, however, is rather unexplored. Hormonal phenotypes of guinea pigs can be shaped by the social environment on the group level: pair-housed and colony-housed males differ systematically in average testosterone and stressor-induced cortisol levels (i.e. cortisol responsiveness). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether repeatability and individual variance components (i.e. between- and within-individual variation) of hormonal phenotypes also differ in different social environments. To test this, we determined baseline testosterone, baseline cortisol, and cortisol responsiveness after challenge in same-aged pair-housed and colony-housed guinea pig males over a period of four months. We found comparable repeatability for baseline cortisol and cortisol responsiveness in males from both social conditions. In contrast, baseline testosterone was repeatable only in males from colonies. Interestingly, this result was brought about by significantly larger between-individual variation of testosterone, that was not explained by differences in dominance rank. Individualized social niches differentiated under complex colony, but not pair housing, could be an explanation for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Mutwill
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestr. 13, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Holger Schielzeth
- Population Ecology Group, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburgerstr. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Helene Richter
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestr. 13, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestr. 13, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Sachser
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Münster, Badestr. 13, 48149 Münster, Germany
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10
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Strijker BN, Iwińska K, van der Zalm B, Zub K, Boratyński JS. Is personality and its association with energetics sex-specific in yellow-necked mice Apodemus flavicollis? Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10233. [PMID: 37408630 PMCID: PMC10318423 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For the last two decades, behavioral physiologists aimed to explain a plausible covariation between energetics and personality, predicted by the "pace-of-life syndrome" (POLS) hypothesis. However, the results of these attempts are mixed with no definitive answer as to which of the two most acknowledged models "performance" or "allocation" predicts covariation between consistent among-individual variation in metabolism and repeatable behavior (animal personality). The general conclusion is that the association between personality and energetics is rather context-dependent. Life-history, behavior, and physiology as well as its plausible covariation can be considered a part of sexual dimorphism. However, up to now, only a few studies demonstrated a sex-specific correlation between metabolism and personality. Therefore, we tested the relationships between physiological and personality traits in a single population of yellow-necked mice Apodemus flavicollis in the context of a plausible between-sexes difference in this covariation. We hypothesized that the performance model will explain proactive behavior in males and the allocation model will apply to females. Behavioral traits were determined using the latency of risk-taking and the open field tests, whereas the basal metabolic rates (BMR) was measured using indirect calorimetry. We have found a positive correlation between body mass-adjusted BMR and repeatable proactive behavior in male mice, which can support the performance model. However, the females were rather consistent mainly in avoidance of risk-taking that did not correlate with BMR, suggesting essential differences in personality between sexes. Most likely, the lack of convincing association between energetics and personality traits at the population level is caused by a different selection acting on the life histories of males and females. This may only result in weak support for the predictions of the POLS hypothesis when assuming that only a single model explaining the link between physiology and behavior operates in males and females. Thus, there is a need to consider the differences between sexes in behavioral studies to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beau N. Strijker
- Van Hall LarensteinUniversity of Applied SciencesLeeuwardenThe Netherlands
| | - Karolina Iwińska
- University of Białystok Doctoral School in Exact and Natural SciencesBiałystokPoland
- Mammal Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesBiałowieżaPoland
| | - Bram van der Zalm
- Van Hall LarensteinUniversity of Applied SciencesLeeuwardenThe Netherlands
| | - Karol Zub
- Mammal Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesBiałowieżaPoland
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11
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Metcalfe NB, Bellman J, Bize P, Blier PU, Crespel A, Dawson NJ, Dunn RE, Halsey LG, Hood WR, Hopkins M, Killen SS, McLennan D, Nadler LE, Nati JJH, Noakes MJ, Norin T, Ozanne SE, Peaker M, Pettersen AK, Przybylska-Piech A, Rathery A, Récapet C, Rodríguez E, Salin K, Stier A, Thoral E, Westerterp KR, Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Wojciechowski MS, Monaghan P. Solving the conundrum of intra-specific variation in metabolic rate: A multidisciplinary conceptual and methodological toolkit: New technical developments are opening the door to an understanding of why metabolic rate varies among individual animals of a species: New technical developments are opening the door to an understanding of why metabolic rate varies among individual animals of a species. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300026. [PMID: 37042115 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Researchers from diverse disciplines, including organismal and cellular physiology, sports science, human nutrition, evolution and ecology, have sought to understand the causes and consequences of the surprising variation in metabolic rate found among and within individual animals of the same species. Research in this area has been hampered by differences in approach, terminology and methodology, and the context in which measurements are made. Recent advances provide important opportunities to identify and address the key questions in the field. By bringing together researchers from different areas of biology and biomedicine, we describe and evaluate these developments and the insights they could yield, highlighting the need for more standardisation across disciplines. We conclude with a list of important questions that can now be addressed by developing a common conceptual and methodological toolkit for studies on metabolic variation in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil B Metcalfe
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jakob Bellman
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pierre Bize
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Canada
| | - Amélie Crespel
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Neal J Dawson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth E Dunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lewis G Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Leeds University, Leeds, UK
| | - Shaun S Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Darryl McLennan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lauren E Nadler
- Ocean and Earth Science, NOC, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Julie J H Nati
- Ocean Sciences Center, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Matthew J Noakes
- School of Animal, Plant, and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Amanda K Pettersen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Przybylska-Piech
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology & Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Alann Rathery
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Récapet
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, INRAE, ECOBIOP, Saint-Pée-sur-, Nivelle, France
| | - Enrique Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karine Salin
- IFREMER, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Environmental Marine Sciences, Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Stier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Elisa Thoral
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- Department of Nutrition & Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michał S Wojciechowski
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology & Ecology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Pat Monaghan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Brandl SJ, Lefcheck JS, Bates AE, Rasher DB, Norin T. Can metabolic traits explain animal community assembly and functioning? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1-18. [PMID: 36054431 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
All animals on Earth compete for free energy, which is acquired, assimilated, and ultimately allocated to growth and reproduction. Competition is strongest within communities of sympatric, ecologically similar animals of roughly equal size (i.e. horizontal communities), which are often the focus of traditional community ecology. The replacement of taxonomic identities with functional traits has improved our ability to decipher the ecological dynamics that govern the assembly and functioning of animal communities. Yet, the use of low-resolution and taxonomically idiosyncratic traits in animals may have hampered progress to date. An animal's metabolic rate (MR) determines the costs of basic organismal processes and activities, thus linking major aspects of the multifaceted constructs of ecological niches (where, when, and how energy is obtained) and ecological fitness (how much energy is accumulated and passed on to future generations). We review evidence from organismal physiology to large-scale analyses across the tree of life to propose that MR gives rise to a group of meaningful functional traits - resting metabolic rate (RMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and aerobic scope (AS) - that may permit an improved quantification of the energetic basis of species coexistence and, ultimately, the assembly and functioning of animal communities. Specifically, metabolic traits integrate across a variety of typical trait proxies for energy acquisition and allocation in animals (e.g. body size, diet, mobility, life history, habitat use), to yield a smaller suite of continuous quantities that: (1) can be precisely measured for individuals in a standardized fashion; and (2) apply to all animals regardless of their body plan, habitat, or taxonomic affiliation. While integrating metabolic traits into animal community ecology is neither a panacea to disentangling the nuanced effects of biological differences on animal community structure and functioning, nor without challenges, a small number of studies across different taxa suggest that MR may serve as a useful proxy for the energetic basis of competition in animals. Thus, the application of MR traits for animal communities can lead to a more general understanding of community assembly and functioning, enhance our ability to trace eco-evolutionary dynamics from genotypes to phenotypes (and vice versa), and help predict the responses of animal communities to environmental change. While trait-based ecology has improved our knowledge of animal communities to date, a more explicit energetic lens via the integration of metabolic traits may further strengthen the existing framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Brandl
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Jonathan S Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Douglas B Rasher
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Godin JGJ, Le Roy A, Burns AL, Seebacher F, Ward AJ. Pace-of-life syndrome: linking personality, metabolism and colour ornamentation in male guppies. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Kärkkäinen T, Briga M, Laaksonen T, Stier A. Within-individual repeatability in telomere length: A meta-analysis in nonmammalian vertebrates. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:6339-6359. [PMID: 34455645 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Telomere length is increasingly used as a biomarker of long-term somatic state and future survival prospects. While most studies have overlooked this aspect, biological interpretations based on a given telomere length will benefit from considering the level of within-individual repeatability of telomere length through time. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on 74 longitudinal studies in nonmammalian vertebrates, with the aim to establish the current pattern of within-individual repeatability in telomere length and to identify the methodological (e.g., qPCR/TRF) and biological factors (e.g., age class, phylogeny) that may affect it. While the median within-individual repeatability of telomere length was moderate to high (R = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.05-0.95; N = 82), marked heterogeneity between studies was evident. Measurement method affected the repeatability estimate strongly, with TRF-based studies exhibiting high repeatability (R = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.34-0.96; N = 25), while repeatability of qPCR-based studies was markedly lower and more variable (R = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.04-0.82; N = 57). While phylogeny explained some variance in repeatability, phylogenetic signal was not significant (λ = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.00-0.83). None of the biological factors investigated here significantly explained variation in the repeatability of telomere length, being potentially obscured by methodological differences. Our meta-analysis highlights the high variability in within-individual repeatability estimates between studies and the need to put more effort into separating technical and biological explanations. This is important to better understand to what extent biological factors can affect the repeatability of telomere length and thus the interpretation of telomere length data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Briga
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Toni Laaksonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antoine Stier
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Beveridge D, Mitchell DJ, Beckmann C, Biro PA. Weak evidence that asset protection underlies temporal or contextual consistency in boldness of a terrestrial crustacean. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have investigated the potential state dependence of individual differences in behaviour, with the aim to understand the proximate and ultimate causes and consequences of animal personality. Among the potential state variables that could affect behavioural expression is size and mass, but few studies have found associations at the among-individual levels. Insufficient sampling and incorrect analysis of data are cited as impediments to detecting correlations, if they exist. Here, we conducted a study using 100 pillbugs (Armadillidium vulgare) and assayed their defensive behaviour 24 times each over time and across familiarity contexts, to test the asset protection hypothesis that predicts a negative correlation between boldness and mass, and with increases in mass over time. Multivariate mixed models revealed that despite mostly consistent individual behavioural differences over time (modest slope variance) and across contexts (near-parallel reaction norms), and 18-fold range in starting mass, there was no correlation between individual mean mass and boldness. However, individuals that gained more mass over time may have been more ‘shy’ compared to those gaining less mass, but the correlation was weak and observed variation in mass gain was small. There was also a mean level trend of increasing shyness over time that was coincident with mean level mass increases over time. Together, our study provides weak evidence for the asset protection hypothesis, whereby individuals that accumulate more resources are thought to protect them through risk averse behaviour.
Significance statement
Individual variation in ‘state’, such as mass or energy reserves, is thought to be a predictor of individual differences in behaviour that are consistent over time. However, few studies reveal such links, and several studies suggest insufficient sampling may explain null results in most studies. We studied 100 animals sampled 24 times each in a controlled setting to reveal stable individual differences in mean behaviour over time and across contexts; however, individual behaviour was unrelated to large differences in individual mass but weakly related to increases in mass through time whereby individuals became more shy and those growing faster were somewhat more shy. Our results provide little evidence for the asset protection hypothesis.
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16
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Mathot KJ, Arteaga-Torres JD, Wijmenga JJ. Individual risk-taking behaviour in black-capped chickadees ( Poecile atricapillus) does not predict annual survival. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220299. [PMID: 35911194 PMCID: PMC9326292 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Within species, individuals often show repeatable differences in behaviours, called 'animal personality'. One behaviour that has been widely studied is how quickly an individual resumes feeding after a disturbance, referred to as boldness or risk-taking. Depending on the mechanism(s) shaping risk-taking behaviour, risk-taking could be positively, negatively, or not associated with differences in overall survival. We studied risk-taking and survival in a population of free-living black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in which we previously showed repeatable among-individual differences in risk-taking over the course of several months. We found no evidence that variation in risk-taking is associated with differences in annual survival. We suggest that variation in risk-taking is likely shaped by multiple mechanisms simultaneously, such that the net effect on survival is small or null. For example, among-individual differences in energy demand may favour greater risk-taking without imposing an overall mortality cost if higher energy demand covaries with escape flight performance. We propose directions for future work, including using a multi-trait, multi-year approach to study risk-taking, to allow for stronger inferences regarding the mechanisms shaping these behavioural decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley J. Mathot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative Ecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | | | - Jan J. Wijmenga
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
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17
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Hope SF, Schmitt L, Lourdais O, Angelier F. Nature vs. Nurture: Disentangling the Influence of Inheritance, Incubation Temperature, and Post-Natal Care on Offspring Heart Rate and Metabolism in Zebra Finches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:892154. [PMID: 35620597 PMCID: PMC9127084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.892154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A historic debate in biology is the question of nature vs. nurture. Although it is now known that most traits are a product of both heredity (“nature”) and the environment (“nurture”), these two driving forces of trait development are rarely examined together. In birds, one important aspect of the early developmental environment is egg incubation temperature. Small changes (<1°C) in incubation temperature can have large effects on a wide-array of offspring traits. One important trait is metabolism, because it is related to life-history traits and strategies, organismal performance, and energetic and behavioral strategies. Although it has been shown that embryonic and post-hatch metabolism are related to egg incubation temperature, little is known about how this may vary as a function of genetic differences or post-hatching environmental conditions. Here, we investigated this question in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). We experimentally incubated eggs at two different temperatures: 37.5°C (control), which is optimal for this species and 36.3°C (low), which is suboptimal. We first measured embryonic heart rate as a proxy of embryonic metabolic rate. Then, at hatch, we cross-fostered nestlings to differentiate genetic and pre-hatching factors from post-hatching environmental conditions. When offspring were 30 days-old, we measured their resting metabolic rate (RMR; within the thermoneutral zone) and thermoregulatory metabolic rate (TMR; 12°C; birds must actively thermoregulate). We also measured RMR and TMR of all genetic and foster parents. We found that embryonic heart rate was greater in eggs incubated at the control temperature than those at the low temperature. Further, embryonic heart rate was positively related to genetic father RMR, suggesting that it is both heritable and affected by the pre-natal environment. In addition, we found that post-hatch metabolic rates were positively related to genetic parent metabolic rate, and interactively related to incubation temperature and foster mother metabolic rate. Altogether, this suggests that metabolism and the energetic cost of thermoregulation can be influenced by genetics, the pre-natal environment, and the post-natal environment. Our study sheds light on how environmental changes and parental care may affect avian physiology, as well as which traits may be susceptible to natural selection.
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18
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Knoch S, Whiteside MA, Madden JR, Rose PE, Fawcett TW. Hot-headed peckers: thermographic changes during aggression among juvenile pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus). Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200442. [PMID: 35000453 PMCID: PMC8743885 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In group-living vertebrates, dominance status often covaries with physiological measurements (e.g. glucocorticoid levels), but it is unclear how dominance is linked to dynamic changes in physiological state over a shorter, behavioural timescale. In this observational study, we recorded spontaneous aggression among captive juvenile pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) alongside infrared thermographic measurements of their external temperature, a non-invasive technique previously used to examine stress responses in non-social contexts, where peripheral blood is redirected towards the body core. We found low but highly significant repeatability in maximum head temperature, suggesting individually consistent thermal profiles, and some indication of lower head temperatures in more active behavioural states (e.g. walking compared to resting). These individual differences were partly associated with sex, females being cooler on average than males, but unrelated to body size. During pairwise aggressive encounters, we observed a non-monotonic temperature change, with head temperature dropping rapidly immediately prior to an attack and increasing rapidly afterwards, before returning to baseline levels. This nonlinear pattern was similar for birds in aggressor and recipient roles, but aggressors were slightly hotter on average. Our findings show that aggressive interactions induce rapid temperature changes in dominants and subordinates alike, and highlight infrared thermography as a promising tool for investigating the physiological basis of pecking orders in galliforms. This article is part of the theme issue 'The centennial of the pecking order: current state and future prospects for the study of dominance hierarchies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Knoch
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour (CRAB), Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
- Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstr. 41, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mark A. Whiteside
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour (CRAB), Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Joah R. Madden
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour (CRAB), Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Paul E. Rose
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour (CRAB), Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Tim W. Fawcett
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour (CRAB), Washington Singer Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
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19
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Biro PA, Thomas F, Ujvari B, Beckmann C. A novel perspective suggesting high sustained energy expenditure may be net protective against cancer. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:170-176. [PMID: 35498120 PMCID: PMC9040660 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Energy expenditure (EE) is generally viewed as tumorigenic, due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage cells and DNA. On this basis, individuals within a species that sustain high EE should be more likely to develop cancer. Here, we argue the opposite, that high EE may be net protective effect against cancer, despite high ROS production. This is possible because individuals that sustain high EE have a greater energetic capacity (=greater energy acquisition, expenditure and ability to up-regulate output), and can therefore allocate energy to multiple cancer-fighting mechanisms with minimal energetic trade-offs. Our review finds that individuals sustaining high EE have greater antioxidant production, lower oxidative stress, greater immune function and lower cancer incidence. Our hypothesis and literature review suggest that EE may indeed be net protective against cancer, and that individual variation in energetic capacity may be a key mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer risk in contemporary human populations and laboratory animals.
Lay summary The process of expending energy generates reactive oxygen species that can lead to oxidative stress, cell and DNA damage, and the accumulation of this damage is thought to be a major contributor to many ageing related diseases that include cancer. Here, we challenge this view, proposing how and why high energy expenditure (EE) may actually be net protective against cancer, and provide literature support for our hypothesis. We find individuals with high sustained EE have greater energetic capacity and thus can invest more in repair to counter oxidative stress, and more in immune function, both of which reduce cancer risk. Our hypothesis provides a novel mechanism to understand the highly individual nature of cancer, why taller individuals are more at risk, why physically active individuals have lower cancer risk, and why regular exercise can reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- Corresponding author. Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia. Tel: +61 434 8569 921; E-mail:
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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20
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Yarwood E, Drees C, Niven JE, Schuett W. Sex-specific covariance between metabolic rate, behaviour and morphology in the ground beetle Carabus hortensis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12455. [PMID: 35003913 PMCID: PMC8684319 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals within the same species often differ in their metabolic rates, which may covary with behavioural traits (such as exploration), that are consistent across time and/or contexts, and morphological traits. Yet, despite the frequent occurrence of sexual dimorphisms in morphology and behaviour, few studies have assessed whether and how sexes differ in metabolic trait covariances. METHODS We investigated sex-specific relationships among resting or active metabolic rate (RMR and AMR, respectively) with exploratory behaviour, measured independently of metabolic rate in a novel environment, body size and body mass, in Carabus hortensis ground beetles. RESULTS RMR, AMR and exploratory behaviour were repeatable among individuals across time, except for male RMR which was unrepeatable. Female RMR neither correlated with exploratory behaviour nor body size/body mass. In contrast, AMR was correlated with both body size and exploratory behaviour. Males with larger body sizes had higher AMR, whereas females with larger body sizes had lower AMR. Both male and female AMR were significantly related to exploratory behaviour, though the relationships between AMR and exploration were body mass-dependent in males and temperature-dependent in females. DISCUSSION Differences between sexes exist in the covariances between metabolic rate, body size and exploratory behaviour. This suggests that selection acts differently on males and females to produce these trait covariances with potentially important consequences for individual fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Yarwood
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Drees
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy E. Niven
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Schuett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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21
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Dezetter M, Dupoué A, Le Galliard J, Lourdais O. Additive effects of developmental acclimation and physiological syndromes on lifetime metabolic and water loss rates of a dry‐skinned ectotherm. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dezetter
- CNRS Sorbonne UniversitéUMR 7618iEES ParisUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
- Centre d’étude Biologique de Chizé CNRSUMR 7372 Villiers en Bois France
| | - Andréaz Dupoué
- CNRS Sorbonne UniversitéUMR 7618iEES ParisUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
| | - Jean‐François Le Galliard
- CNRS Sorbonne UniversitéUMR 7618iEES ParisUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie Paris France
- Ecole Normale SupérieurePSL Research UniversityCNRSUMS 3194Centre de Recherche en Écologie Expérimentale et Prédictive (CEREEP‐Ecotron IleDeFrance) Saint‐Pierre‐lès‐Nemours France
| | - Olivier Lourdais
- Centre d’étude Biologique de Chizé CNRSUMR 7372 Villiers en Bois France
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
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22
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Meta-analysis reveals that resting metabolic rate is not consistently related to fitness and performance in animals. J Comp Physiol B 2021; 191:1097-1110. [PMID: 33721034 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-021-01358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Explaining variation in the fitness of organisms is a fundamental goal in evolutionary ecology. Maintenance energy metabolism is the minimum energy required to sustain biological processes at rest (resting metabolic rate: RMR) and is proposed to drive or constrain fitness of animals; however, this remains debated. Hypotheses have been proposed as to why fitness might increase with RMR (the 'increased intake' or 'performance' hypothesis), decrease with RMR (the 'compensation' or 'allocation' hypothesis), or vary among species and environmental contexts (the 'context dependent' hypothesis). Here, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, finding 114 studies with 355 relationships between RMR and traits that may be related to fitness. We show that individuals with relatively high RMR generally have high fitness overall, which might be supported by an increased energy intake. However, fitness proxies are not interchangeable: the nature of the RMR-fitness relationship varied substantially depending on the specific trait in question, and we found no consistent relationship between RMR and those traits most closely linked with actual fitness (i.e., lifetime reproductive success). We hypothesise that maintaining high RMR is not costly when resources are unlimited, and we propose ideas for future studies to identify mechanisms underlying RMR-fitness relationships.
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23
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Tapper S, Nocera JJ, Burness G. Body temperature is a repeatable trait in a free-ranging passerine bird. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272129. [PMID: 34498672 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Body temperature (Tb) affects animal function through its influence on rates of biochemical and biophysical reactions, the molecular structures of proteins and tissues, and, ultimately, organismal performance. Despite its importance in driving physiological processes, there are few data on how much variation in Tb exists within populations of organisms, and whether this variation consistently differs among individuals over time (i.e. repeatability of a trait). Here, using thermal radio-frequency identification implants, we quantified the repeatability of Tb, both in the context of a fixed average environment (∼21°C) and across ambient temperatures (6-31°C), in a free-living population of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor, n=16). By experimentally trimming the ventral plumage of a subset of female swallows (n=8), we also asked whether the repeatability of Tb is influenced by the capacity to dissipate body heat. We found that both female and male tree swallow Tb was repeatable at 21°C (R=0.89-92), but female Tb was less repeatable than male Tb across ambient temperature (Rfemale=0.10, Rmale=0.58), which may be due to differences in parental investment. Trimmed birds had on average lower Tb than control birds (by ∼0.5°C), but the repeatability of female Tb did not differ as a function of heat dissipation capacity. This suggests that trimmed individuals adjusted their Tb to account for the effects of heat loss on Tb. Our study provides a first critical step toward understanding whether Tb is responsive to natural selection, and for predicting how animal populations will respond to climatic warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Tapper
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2
| | - Joseph J Nocera
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, 28 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB, Canada, E3B 5A3
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2
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24
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Birnie‐Gauvin K, Koed A, Aarestrup K. Repeatability of migratory behaviour suggests trade‐off between size and survival in a wild iteroparous salmonid. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Birnie‐Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Anders Koed
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology National Institute of Aquatic ResourcesTechnical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
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25
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McFarlane SE, Ålund M, Sirkiä PM, Qvarnström A. Low Heritability but Significant Early Environmental Effects on Resting Metabolic Rate in a Wild Passerine. Am Nat 2021; 198:551-560. [PMID: 34559605 DOI: 10.1086/715842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPredicting the impact of climate change on biodiversity requires understanding the adaptation potential of wild organisms. Evolutionary responses depend on the additive genetic variation associated with the phenotypic traits targeted by selection. We combine 5 years of cross-fostering experiments, measurements of resting metabolic rate (RMR) on nearly 200 wild collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) nestlings, and animal models using a 17-year pedigree to evaluate the potential for an evolutionary response to changing environmental conditions. Contrary to other avian studies, we find no significant heritability of whole-organism, mass-independent, or mass-specific RMR, but we report a strong effect of nest environment instead. We therefore conclude that variation in nestling RMR is explained by variation in the early-life environment provided by the parents. We discuss possible underlying specific parental effects and the importance of taking different mechanisms into account to understand how animals phenotypically adapt (or fail to adapt) to climate change.
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26
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Fiedler A, Careau V. Individual (Co)variation in Resting and Maximal Metabolic Rates in Wild Mice. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 94:338-352. [PMID: 34343458 DOI: 10.1086/716042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBasal metabolic rate (BMR) represents the lowest level of aerobic metabolism in a resting, postabsorptive endotherm as measured within the thermoneutral zone. By contrast, maximal metabolic rate ([Formula: see text]max) reflects the upper limit of aerobic metabolism achieved during intensive exercise. As BMR and [Formula: see text]max define the boundaries of the possible levels of aerobic metabolism expressed by a normothermic individual, a key question is whether BMR and [Formula: see text]max are correlated. In the present study, we took repeated paired measurements of thermoneutral resting metabolic rate (RMRt) and [Formula: see text]max on 165 white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). Over a single summer (May-October), repeatability (R ± SE) was low but statistically significant ([Formula: see text]) for both RMRt and [Formula: see text]max ([Formula: see text] for RMRt; [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]max). Willingness to run during the forced-exercise trials was also significantly repeatable ([Formula: see text]). At the residual level (within individual), RMRt and [Formula: see text]max tended to be positively correlated ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]), suggesting the presence of correlated phenotypic plasticity. By contrast, RMRt and [Formula: see text]max were significantly negatively correlated at the among-individual level ([Formula: see text]). To the extent that variation in RMRt reflects variation in BMR, the negative among-individual correlation does not corroborate the idea that a costly metabolic machinery is needed to support a high [Formula: see text]max. Future research should investigate the (genetic) relationship between RMRt (and BMR) and other energetically expensive behaviors and activities to better understand how energy is allocated within individuals.
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27
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Bury S. Energy expenses on prey processing are comparable, but paid at a higher metabolic scope and for a longer time in ambush vs active predators: a multispecies study on snakes. Oecologia 2021; 197:61-70. [PMID: 34392416 PMCID: PMC8445871 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Snakes are characterized by distinct foraging strategies, from ambush to active hunting, which can be predicted to substantially affect the energy budget as a result of differential activity rates and feeding frequencies. Intense foraging activity and continuously upregulated viscera as a result of frequent feeding leads to a higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) in active than in ambush predators. Conversely, the costs of digestion (Specific Dynamic Action—SDA) are expected to be higher in ambush predators following the substantial remodelling of the gut upon ingestion of a meal after a long fasting period. This prediction was tested on an interspecific scale using a large multispecies dataset (> 40 species) obtained from published sources. I found that the metabolic scope and duration of SDA tended to reach higher values in ambush than in active predators, which probably reflects the greater magnitude of postprandial physiological upregulation in the former. In contrast, the SDA energy expenditure appeared to be unrelated to the foraging mode. The costs of visceral activation conceivably are not negligible, but represent a minor part of the total costs of digestion, possibly not large enough to elicit a foraging-mode driven variation in SDA energy expenditure. Non-mutually exclusive is that the higher costs of structural upregulation in ambush predators are balanced by the improved, thus potentially less expensive, functional performance of the more efficient intestines. I finally suggest that ambush predators may be less susceptible than active predators to the metabolic ‘meltdown effect’ driven by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Bury
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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28
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Tremblay M, Rundle HD, Videlier M, Careau V. Territoriality in Drosophila: indirect effects and covariance with body mass and metabolic rate. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Territoriality (i.e., defense of a resource) is the outcome of behavioral interactions that can result in selective advantages in many vertebrates and invertebrates. Since territoriality is expressed in a social context, an individuals’ territoriality may change according to the phenotype of the opponents that they are confronted with (termed “indirect effects”). Defending a territory may also confer energetic costs to individuals, which could be reflected in their standard metabolic rate (SMR), a key component of an ectotherms’ energy budget. Here, we measured territoriality using dyadic contests, body mass, and SMR using flow-through respirometry, twice in each of 192 adult male Drosophila melanogaster. Territoriality, body mass, and (whole-animal) SMR were all significantly repeatable. However, essentially all the among-individual variation in SMR was shared with body mass, as indicated by a very strong among-individual correlation (rind) between body mass and SMR. The among-individual correlation between territoriality and SMR also tended to be positive, suggesting the presence of underlying metabolic costs to territoriality. Although indirect effects on territoriality were present but weak (accounting for 8.4% of phenotypic variance), indirect effects on territoriality were negatively and significantly correlated with body mass. This indicates that larger individuals tended to suppress their opponents territoriality. Variation among individuals in their ability to suppress territoriality in others was not associated with their own territoriality or SMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tremblay
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
| | - Howard D Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Videlier
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Careau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, ON, Canada
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29
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Jimeno B, Prichard MR, Landry D, Wolf C, Larkin B, Cheviron Z, Breuner C. Metabolic Rates Predict Baseline Corticosterone and Reproductive Output in a Free-Living Passerine. Integr Org Biol 2021; 2:obaa030. [PMID: 33791569 PMCID: PMC7794023 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms continuously face environmental fluctuations, and allocation of metabolic investment to meet changing energetic demands is fundamental to survival and reproductive success. Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones (e.g., corticosterone [CORT]) play an important role in energy acquisition and allocation in the face of environmental challenges, partly through mediation of energy metabolism. Although GCs and metabolic rate are expected to covary, surprisingly few empirical studies have demonstrated such relationships, especially in wild animals. Moreover, studies testing for associations between GCs and fitness generally do not account for among-individual differences in energy expenditure or energy allocation. We measured CORT (baseline and stress-induced) and metabolic traits (resting metabolic rate [RMR], cold-induced VO2max [Msum], and aerobic scope [the difference between Msum and RMR]) in female tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) during chick-rearing, and tested for their associations with several variables of reproductive performance. We found a positive relationship between RMR and baseline CORT, but no consistent associations between stress-induced CORT (SI-CORT) and Msum. This suggests that while baseline CORT may be a good indicator of an individual's baseline metabolic investment, SI-CORT responses are not associated with aerobic scope or the upper limits of aerobic performance. Furthermore, we found that metabolic traits were associated with reproductive performance: females with higher reproductive output showed higher Msum, and also tended to show higher RMR. Overall, these results suggest that metabolic traits are better predictors of reproductive output in tree swallows than CORT concentrations. They further point to the maximal aerobic capacity being higher in females investing more heavily in a current reproductive event, but whether this association reflects trade-offs between current and future reproductive efforts remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Jimeno
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Mackenzie R Prichard
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.,Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Cole Wolf
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Zachary Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Creagh Breuner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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30
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Longman DP, Oyama S, Cracknell J, Thompson N, Gordon D, Stock JT, Wells JCK. Fluctuating asymmetry, a marker of poor growth quality, is associated with adult male metabolic rate. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 175:646-655. [PMID: 33768527 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Life history theory, a branch of evolutionary theory, predicts the existence of trade-offs in energetic allocation between competing physiological functions. The core metabolic cost of self-maintenance, measured by resting metabolic rate (RMR), represents a large component of human daily energy expenditure. Despite strong selective pressures for energetic frugality and high observed interindividual variation in RMR, the link between RMR and energetic allocation to life-history traits remains understudied in humans. MATERIALS In a sample of 105 (m = 57, f = 48), we investigated the relationship between adult RMR and investment in growth quality, as measured by fluctuating asymmetry (FA). RESULTS Measurement of RMR and FA in university rowers revealed a significant positive correlation amongst males (n = 57, r = 0.344, p = 0.005, 1-tailed; standardized 95% CI, 0.090 to 0.598). Convincing evidence for a correlation among females was not found (n = 48, r = 0.142, p = 0.169, 1-tailed, standardized 95% CI, -0.152 to 0.435). DISCUSSION The data suggest that low-quality asymmetrical growth is associated with later-life metabolic inefficiencies in males. Energetic investment in processes (likely concerning the stress-response) unrelated to growth during childhood may thereby trade-off against adult metabolic efficiency. We suggest that the presence of a relationship between RMR and FA in males but not females may be explained by the additional metabolic strain associated with larger body size and increased male muscularity, which may amplify the inefficiencies arising from low-quality growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Longman
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Sakura Oyama
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James Cracknell
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathan Thompson
- Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Gordon
- Cambridge Centre for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jay T Stock
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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31
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Baškiera S, Gvoždík L. Repeatability and heritability of resting metabolic rate in a long-lived amphibian. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 253:110858. [PMID: 33276133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR), i.e. spent energy necessary to maintain basic life functions, is a basic component of energy budget in ectotherms. The evolution of RMR through natural selection rests on the premise of its non-zero repeatability and heritability, i.e. consistent variation within individual lifetimes and resemblance between parents and their offspring, respectively. Joint estimates of RMR repeatability and heritability are missing in ectotherms, however, which precludes estimations of the evolutionary potential of this trait. We examined RMR repeatability and heritability in a long-lived ectotherm, the alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris). Individual RMR was repeatable over both six-month (0.28 ± 0.09 [SE]) and five-year (0.16 ± 0.07) periods. While there was no resemblance between parent and offspring RMR (0.21 ± 0.34), the trait showed similarity among offspring within families (broad-sense heritability; 0.25 ± 0.09). Similar repeatability and broad-sense heritability values in parental and offspring generations, respectively, and non-conclusive narrow-sense heritability suggest the contribution of non-additive genetic factors to total phenotypic variance in this trait. We conclude that RMR evolutionary trajectories are shaped by other processes than natural selection in this long-lived ectotherm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senka Baškiera
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic.
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32
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Videlier M, Careau V, Wilson AJ, Rundle HD. Quantifying selection on standard metabolic rate and body mass in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 2020; 75:130-140. [PMID: 33196104 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), defined as the minimal energy expenditure required for self-maintenance, is a key physiological trait. Few studies have estimated its relationship with fitness, most notably in insects. This is presumably due to the difficulty of measuring SMR in a large number of very small individuals. Using high-throughput flow-through respirometry and a Drosophila melanogaster laboratory population adapted to a life cycle that facilitates fitness measures, we quantified SMR, body mass, and fitness in 515 female and 522 male adults. We used a novel multivariate approach to estimate linear and nonlinear selection differentials and gradients from the variance-covariance matrix of fitness, SMR, and body mass, allowing traits specific covariates to be accommodated within a single model. In males, linear selection differentials for mass and SMR were positive and individually significant. Selection gradients were also positive but, despite substantial sample sizes, were nonsignificant due to increased uncertainty given strong SMR-mass collinearity. In females, only nonlinear selection was detected and it appeared to act primarily on body size, although the individual gradients were again nonsignificant. Selection did not differ significantly between sexes although differences in the fitness surfaces suggest sex-specific selection as an important topic for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Videlier
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Vincent Careau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alastair J Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Howard D Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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33
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Eccard JA, Liesenjohann T, Dammhahn M. Among-individual differences in foraging modulate resource exploitation under perceived predation risk. Oecologia 2020; 194:621-634. [PMID: 33141325 PMCID: PMC7683444 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Foraging is risky and involves balancing the benefits of resource acquisition with costs of predation. Optimal foraging theory predicts where, when and how long to forage in a given spatiotemporal distribution of risks and resources. However, significant variation in foraging behaviour and resource exploitation remain unexplained. Using single foragers in artificial landscapes of perceived risks and resources with diminishing returns, we aimed to test whether foraging behaviour and resource exploitation are adjusted to risk level, vary with risk during different components of foraging, and (co)vary among individuals. We quantified foraging behaviour and resource exploitation for 21 common voles (Microtus arvalis). By manipulating ground cover, we created simple landscapes of two food patches varying in perceived risk during feeding in a patch and/or while travelling between patches. Foraging of individuals was variable and adjusted to risk level and type. High risk during feeding reduced feeding duration and food consumption more strongly than risk while travelling. Risk during travelling modified the risk effects of feeding for changes between patches and resulting evenness of resource exploitation. Across risk conditions individuals differed consistently in when and how long they exploited resources and exposed themselves to risk. These among-individual differences in foraging behaviour were associated with consistent patterns of resource exploitation. Thus, different strategies in foraging-under-risk ultimately lead to unequal payoffs and might affect lower trophic levels in food webs. Inter-individual differences in foraging behaviour, i.e. foraging personalities, are an integral part of foraging behaviour and need to be fully integrated into optimal foraging theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana A Eccard
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany. .,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thilo Liesenjohann
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Animal Ecology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Winterová B, Gvoždík L. Individual variation in seasonal acclimation by sympatric amphibians: A climate change perspective. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Winterová
- Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lumír Gvoždík
- Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Biology Brno Czech Republic
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35
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Oliveira FG, Mathias MDL, Rychlik L, Tapisso JT, von Merten S. Metabolic and behavioral adaptations of greater white-toothed shrews to urban conditions. Behav Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The global trend of urbanization is creating novel challenges for many animal species. Studies investigating behavioral differences between rural and urban populations often report a general increase in risk-taking behaviors in urban populations. According to the most common energy management model (the performance model), behaviors that increase access to resources, such as aggression and boldness, and behaviors that consume net energy, like locomotion and stress responses, are both positively correlated to resting metabolic rate (RMR). Thus, we expect urban populations to not only exhibit a higher level of risk-taking behavior but also a higher RMR. However, these interactions remain poorly investigated. Our main goal was to analyze the relationship between RMR and risk-taking behaviors in the greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) in rural versus urban populations. Trapped shrews were brought to captivity where we measured RMR, boldness, and exploration rate three times in each individual. Our findings revealed that urban shrews were indeed bolder and more exploratory, but contrary to our expectations, their RMR was lower than that of rural shrews. This is likely explained by differences in the environmental conditions of these two habitats, such as higher ambient temperatures and/or lower prey availability in cities. When looking at each population separately, this relationship remained similar: urban shrews with a higher RMR were less bold, and rural shrews with a higher RMR showed a lower exploration rate. We conclude that the energetic strategy of C. russula is dependent on the environmental and observational context and cannot be explained by the performance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G Oliveira
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leszek Rychlik
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joaquim T Tapisso
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sophie von Merten
- CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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36
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb.228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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37
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.228098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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38
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Bech C, Christiansen MT, Kvernland P, Nygård RM, Rypdal E, Sneltorp SK, Trondrud LM, Tvedten ØG. The standard metabolic rate of a land snail (Cepaea hortensis) is a repeatable trait and influences winter survival. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 249:110773. [PMID: 32711162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic selection on physiological parameters is an underrepresented topic in studies of evolutionary biology. There is especially a lack of studies involving invertebrate organisms. We studied the repeatability of the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and the effect of individual variation in SMR on the subsequent winter survival in a terrestrial shell-bearing mollusc, the white-lipped snail (Cepaea hortensis) in mid-Norway. SMR was measured twice during the autumn and - after an experimental overwintering at controlled conditions - twice during the following spring. We found a significant repeatability of SMR over all three time periods tested, with a clear effect of time, with a high repeatability of 0.56 over 4 days during spring, 0.44 over 12 days in the autumn and 0.17 over 194 days from autumn to spring. That SMR is a repeatable physiological trait across the winter period during which a possible selection might occur, suggests that SMR could be a potential target of natural selection. We indeed found that the autumn SMR significantly influenced the probability of survival during the winter period, with a combination of a positive linear (P = .011) and a quadratic stabilizing (P = .001) effect on SMR. Our results hence support the view that metabolic rate is an important physiological component influencing the fitness of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Bech
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Pernille Kvernland
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Randi Marie Nygård
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eline Rypdal
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sara Kjeldsø Sneltorp
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liv Monica Trondrud
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Gjønnes Tvedten
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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39
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Boratyński Z, Szyrmer M, Koteja P. The metabolic performance predicts home range size of bank voles: a support for the behavioral-bioenergetics theory. Oecologia 2020; 193:547-556. [PMID: 32638120 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The pace-of-life syndrome describes covariation between life-history, behavioral and physiological traits; while, the emerging behavioral-bioenergetics theory proposes mechanistic links between those traits in a spatial-ecological context. However, little is known about the association between the limits to metabolic rate and spatial performance (i.e., mobility, home range size) in free-living individuals. Here we show, for the first time at the intra-specific level, that mobility traits increased with the aerobic exercise capacity ([Formula: see text]O2max) in a wild rodent, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus): [Formula: see text]O2max affected directly the movement intensity, which in turn affected home ranges. The results show that evolution of high [Formula: see text]O2max could be driven by selection for spatial performance traits, and corroborate one of the key assumptions of the behavioral-bioenergetics theory. However, the minimum maintenance metabolism, measured as the basal metabolic rate (BMR), was not correlated with movement intensity, and the direction of the BMR-home range correlation tended to change with age of the voles. The latter result indicates that testing the theory will be particularly challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbyszek Boratyński
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland. .,CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Monika Szyrmer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Koteja
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Biro PA, Thomas F, Ujvari B, Beckmann C. Can Energetic Capacity Help Explain Why Physical Activity Reduces Cancer Risk? Trends Cancer 2020; 6:829-837. [PMID: 32601046 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased physical activity reduces cancer risk in humans, but why this whole-organism attribute reduces cancer remains unclear. Active individuals tend to have high capacity to generate energy on a sustained basis, which in turn can permit greater immune responses crucial for fighting emerging neoplasia. Thus, we suggest energetic capacity as a potential mechanism to explain the activity-cancer link, given that humans are intrinsically (not externally) energy limited. Human and rodent studies show that individuals with high energetic capacity mount greater immune responses and have lower cancer incidence; these trends persist after controlling for actual physical activity, supporting a direct role of energetic capacity. If true, exercise efforts might best target those that increase one's energetic capacity, which may be both individual and exercise specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; School of Science, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW 2116, Australia
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Franklin CE, Hoppeler HH. Opportunities during challenging times: comparative studies using meta-analytic approaches and new grants to help early-career researchers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/10/jeb229294. [PMID: 32467315 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Cornwell TO, McCarthy ID, Biro PA. Integration of physiology, behaviour and life history traits: personality and pace of life in a marine gastropod. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Huang Y, Fu S, Cooke SJ, Xia J. Is repeatability of metabolic rate influenced by social separation? A test with a teleost fish. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20190825. [PMID: 32343938 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rates are typically thought to have important influences on fitness and more broadly be relevant to the ecology and evolution of animals. Previous studies demonstrate that metabolic rates are repeatable to a certain extent under constant conditions, but how social conditions influence the repeatability of metabolic rate remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the repeatability of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in the highly social crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after being socially separated for different time periods relative to control fish that were not socially separated. We found that RMR was repeatable in fish in the control group, while the repeatability of RMR disappeared quickly (even within 7 days) when fish were exposed to social separation. This study is the first to our knowledge to examine the role of social separation for different time periods on the repeatability of intra-individual physiological variation in fish. We highlight that the inter-individual repeatability of metabolic rate can be substantial over time but was eliminated by social separation. The findings indicate that the repeatability of metabolic rate in fish is condition dependent, and that the change in repeatability of metabolic rate should not be overlooked when considering the ecological and evolutionary effects of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6
| | - Jigang Xia
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
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44
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Wen J, Chi QS, Wang DH, Zhao ZJ. The responses of metabolic rate and neuropeptides to food deprivation in striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) with different basal metabolic rate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:483-492. [PMID: 32314557 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
High basal metabolic rate (BMR) is related to a powerful metabolic engine even under food shortage, which can lead to high levels of daily energy expenditure and requires more energy for maintenance in small mammals. To test the hypothesis that animals with different BMR levels respond differently to food shortage, we compared the changes in metabolism, morphology, and gene expression in response to food deprivation (FD) in male-striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis) with low (L)- or high (H)-BMR levels. After 36 hr of FD, energy expenditure, metabolic rate (MR), mass of body composition, and leptin and agouti-related peptide gene expressions in the white adipose tissues and the hypothalamus, respectively, decreased significantly in hamsters. The energy expenditure of H-BMR hamsters was reduced more than that of L-BMR hamsters after 36 hr of FD. Furthermore, MR was significantly reduced by FD, and that of the H-BMR group decreased more than that of the L-BMR group during the daytime. Therefore, our data suggest that striped hamsters with different BMR display different responses to variations in food availability. During FD, MR in H-BMR hamsters was more flexible than that in L-BMR animals and L-BMR hamsters could not reduce their MR any lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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45
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Hagmayer A, Camenisch G, Canale C, Postma E, Bonnet T. Limited mass‐independent individual variation in resting metabolic rate in a wild population of snow voles (
Chionomys nivalis
). J Evol Biol 2020; 33:608-618. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Hagmayer
- Department of Animal Sciences University of Wageningen Wageningen The Netherlands
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Glauco Camenisch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Cindy Canale
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Erik Postma
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Timothée Bonnet
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Research School of Biology Australian National University College of Science Canberra ACT Australia
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46
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Bury S, Cierniak A, Jakóbik J, Sadowska ET, Cichoń M, Bauchinger U. Cellular Turnover: A Potential Metabolic Rate-Driven Mechanism to Mitigate Accumulation of DNA Damage. Physiol Biochem Zool 2020; 93:90-96. [PMID: 32011970 DOI: 10.1086/707506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the imbalance of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity, may cause damage to biomolecules pivotal for cellular processes (e.g., DNA). This may impair physiological performance and, therefore, drive life-history variation and aging rate. Because aerobic metabolism is supposed to be the main source of such oxidative risk, the rate of oxygen consumption should be positively associated with the level of damage and/or antioxidants. Empirical support for such relationships remains unclear, and recent considerations suggest even a negative relationship between metabolic rate and oxidative stress. We investigated the relationship between standard metabolic rate (SMR), antioxidants, and damage in blood plasma and erythrocytes for 35 grass snakes (Natrix natrix). Reactive oxygen metabolites (dROMs) and nonenzymatic antioxidants were assessed in plasma, while two measures of DNA damage and the capacity to neutralize H2O2 were measured in erythrocytes. Plasma antioxidants showed no correlation to SMR, and the level of dROMs was positively related to SMR. A negative relationship between antioxidant capacity and SMR was found in erythrocytes, but no association of SMR with either measure of DNA damage was detected. No increase in DNA damage, despite lower antioxidant capacity at high SMR, indicates an upregulation in other defense mechanisms (e.g., damage repair and/or removal). Indeed, we observed a higher frequency of immature red blood cells in individuals with higher SMR, which indicates that highly metabolic individuals had increased erythrocyte turnover, a mechanism of damage removal. Such DNA protection through upregulated cellular turnover might explain the negligible senescence observed in some ectotherm taxa.
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47
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Stier A, Bize P, Hsu BY, Ruuskanen S. Plastic but repeatable: rapid adjustments of mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species. Biol Lett 2019; 15:20190536. [PMID: 31718511 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the energy fluxes supporting animal performance flow through mitochondria. Hence, inter-individual differences in performance might be rooted in inter-individual variations in mitochondrial function and density. Furthermore, because the energy required by an individual often changes across life stages, mitochondrial function and density are also expected to show within-individual variation (i.e. plasticity). No study so far has repeatedly measured mitochondrial function and density in the same individuals to simultaneously test for within-individual repeatability and plasticity of mitochondrial traits. Here, we repeatedly measured mitochondrial DNA copy number (a proxy of density) and respiration rates from blood cells of female pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) at the incubation and chick-rearing stages. Mitochondrial density and respiration rates were all repeatable (R = [0.45; 0.80]), indicating high within-individual consistency in mitochondrial traits across life-history stages. Mitochondrial traits were also plastic, showing a quick (i.e. 10 days) downregulation from incubation to chick-rearing in mitochondrial density, respiratory activity, and cellular regulation by endogenous substrates and/or ATP demand. These downregulations were partially compensated by an increase in mitochondrial efficiency at the chick-rearing stage. Therefore, our study provides clear evidence for both short-term plasticity and high within-individual consistency in mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Stier
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pierre Bize
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Bin-Yan Hsu
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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48
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Biro PA, Thomas F, Ujvari B, Adriaenssens B, Beckmann C. Spontaneous activity rates and resting metabolism: Support for the allocation model of energy management at the among‐individual level. Ethology 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Science Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | | | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Science Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Bart Adriaenssens
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Science Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental Science Deakin University Geelong VIC Australia
- School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Parramatta NSW Australia
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49
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Evidence of phenotypic correlation between exploration activity and resting metabolic rate among populations across an elevation gradient in a small rodent species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Montreuil-Spencer C, Schoenemann K, Lendvai ÁZ, Bonier F. Winter corticosterone and body condition predict breeding investment in a nonmigratory bird. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Reproduction is an energetically demanding life history stage that requires costly physiological and behavioral changes, yet some individuals will invest more into reproduction and breed more successfully than others. To understand variation in reproductive investment, previous studies have evaluated factors during breeding, but conditions outside of this life history stage may also play a role. Using a free-ranging population of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), we assessed the repeatability of plastic traits relating to energetic condition (circulating initial corticosterone concentrations and body condition) during the nonbreeding season and evaluated whether these traits predicted reproductive investment in the subsequent breeding season. We found that initial corticosterone concentrations and an index of body condition, but not fat score, were moderately repeatable over a 1-week period in winter. This trait repeatability supports the interpretation that among-individual variation in these phenotypic traits could reflect an intrinsic strategy to cope with challenging conditions across life history stages. We found that females with larger fat reserves during winter laid eggs sooner and tended to spend more time incubating their eggs and feeding their offspring. In contrast, we found that females with higher residual body mass delayed breeding, after controlling for the relationship between fat score and timing of breeding. Additionally, females with higher initial corticosterone in winter laid lighter eggs. Our findings suggest that conditions experienced outside of the breeding season may be important factors explaining variation in reproductive investment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey Schoenemann
- Biology Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Virginia Working Landscapes, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Ádám Z Lendvai
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1. Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Frances Bonier
- Biology Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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