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Miranda CD, Cammack JA, Tomberlin JK. Large-scale production of house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), larvae fed 3 manure types. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1102-1109. [PMID: 37279773 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
House flies, Musca domestica, L., (Diptera: Muscidae) are well-known pests at animal facilities; however, they can be used for manure biodegradation. Utilizing house flies to process animal manure offers a means to recycle nutrients and reduce contaminants (e.g., pathogens and heavy metals), while also producing multiple revenue streams (e.g., protein for feed, fat for biodiesel, frass as a soil amendment). This study determined house fly larval performance on a larger scale (kilogram of wastes; thousands of larvae; single feeding) as a follow-up to a previous experiment performed at a bench-top scale (g of wastes; hundreds of larvae; incremental feeding). Four thousand larvae were fed 1 kg of swine, dairy, or poultry manure, or a control (Gainesville diet: 50% wheat bran, 30% alfalfa meal, and 20% corn meal). Peak larval weight occurred 4 days after inoculation and no significant difference in development time to first pupariation occurred across diets. However, percent survivorship to pupariation varied, with the highest occurring in Gainesville (74%), swine (73%), and poultry (67%) manure, whereas 50% survived when fed dairy manure. The highest pupal weight was found for those fed Gainesville (27 mg), and similar weights were found for those fed swine (21 mg), dairy (24 mg), and poultry (25 mg) manure. Although using house flies to manage manure has received little consideration in Western countries, other regions have this practice in place. Results may provide insight on differences between small- and large-scale studies, which is valuable for industrialization of this species for waste management and creating a more circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea D Miranda
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Jeffery K Tomberlin
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 2475 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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2
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Limbania D, Turner GL, Wasserman SM. Dehydrated Drosophila melanogaster track a water plume in tethered flight. iScience 2023; 26:106266. [PMID: 36915685 PMCID: PMC10005904 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Perception of sensory stimuli can be modulated by changes in internal state to drive contextually appropriate behavior. For example, dehydration is a threat to terrestrial animals, especially to Drosophila melanogaster due to their large surface area to volume ratio, particularly under the energy demands of flight. While hydrated D. melanogaster avoid water cues, while walking, dehydration leads to water-seeking behavior. We show that in tethered flight, hydrated flies ignore a water stimulus, whereas dehydrated flies track a water plume. Antennal occlusions eliminate odor and water plume tracking, whereas inactivation of moist sensing neurons in the antennae disrupts water tracking only upon starvation and dehydration. Elimination of the olfactory coreceptor eradicates odor tracking while leaving water-seeking behavior intact in dehydrated flies. Our results suggest that while similar hygrosensory receptors may be used for walking and in-flight hygrotaxis, the temporal dynamics of modulating the perception of water vary with behavioral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Limbania
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Grace Lynn Turner
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Sara M Wasserman
- Department of Neuroscience, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
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3
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Lai ML, Li AQ, Senior AM, Neely GG, Simpson SJ, Wang QP. Nutritional geometry framework of sleep. Life Sci 2023; 316:121381. [PMID: 36640899 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sleep is a fundamental physiological function and is essential for all animals. Sleep is affected by diet compositions including protein (P) and carbohydrates (C), but there has not been a systematic investigation on the effect of dietary macronutrient balance on sleep. MAIN METHODS We used the nutritional geometry framework (NGF) to explore the interactive effects on sleep of protein (P) and carbohydrates (C) in the model organism Drosophila. Both female and male flies were fed various diets containing seven ratios of protein-to-carbohydrates at different energetic levels for 5 days and sleep was monitored by the Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM) system. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that the combination of low protein and high carbohydrates (LPHC) prolonged sleep time and sleep quality, with fewer sleep episodes and longer sleep duration. We further found that the effects of macronutrients on sleep mirrored levels of hemolymph glucose and whole-body glycogen. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses revealed that a high-protein, low-carbohydrate (HPLC) diet significantly elevated the gene expression of metabolic pathways when compared to the LPHC diet, with the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism pathway being most strongly elevated. Further studies confirmed that the contents of glycine, serine, and threonine affected sleep. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrate that sleep is affected by the dietary balance of protein and carbohydrates possibly mediated by the change in glucose, glycogen, glycine, serine, and threonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Lai
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - An-Qi Li
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- The Dr. John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Qiao-Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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4
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Rushby HJ, Andrews ZB, Piper MD, Mirth CK. Ageing impairs protein leveraging in a sex-specific manner in Drosophila melanogaster. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Morimoto J. Nutrigonometry II: Experimental strategies to maximize nutritional information in multidimensional performance landscapes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9174. [PMID: 35949523 PMCID: PMC9353123 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals regulate their nutrient consumption to maximize the expression of fitness traits with competing nutritional needs ("nutritional trade-offs"). Nutritional trade-offs have been studied using a response surface modeling approach known as the Geometric Framework for nutrition (GF). Current experimental design in GF studies does not explore the entire area of the nutritional space resulting in performance landscapes that may be incomplete. This hampers our ability to understand the properties of the performance landscape (e.g., peak shape) from which meaningful biological insights can be obtained. Here, I tested alternative experimental designs to explore the full range of the performance landscape in GF studies. I compared the performance of the standard GF design strategy with three alternatives: hexagonal, square, and random points grid strategies with respect to their accuracy in reconstructing baseline performance landscapes from a landmark GF dataset. I showed that standard GF design did not reconstruct the properties of baseline performance landscape appropriately particularly for traits that respond strongly to the interaction between nutrients. Moreover, the peak estimates in the reconstructed performance landscape using standard GF design were accurate in terms of the nutrient ratio but incomplete in terms of peak shape. All other grid designs provided more accurate reconstructions of the baseline performance landscape while also providing accurate estimates of nutrient ratio and peak shape. Thus, alternative experimental designs can maximize information from performance landscapes in GF studies, enabling reliable biological insights into nutritional trade-offs and physiological limits within and across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Morimoto
- Institute of MathematicsKing's College, University of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
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6
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Poças GM, Crosbie AE, Mirth CK. When does diet matter? The roles of larval and adult nutrition in regulating adult size traits in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 139:104051. [PMID: 32229143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult body size is determined by the quality and quantity of nutrients available to animals. In insects, nutrition affects adult size primarily during the nymphal or larval stages. However, measures of adult size like body weight are likely to also change with adult nutrition. In this study, we sought to explore the roles of nutrition throughout the life cycle on adult body weight and the size of two appendages, the wing and the femur, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We manipulated nutrition in two ways: by varying the protein to carbohydrate content of the diet, called macronutrient restriction, and by changing the caloric density of the diet, termed caloric restriction. We employed a fully factorial design to manipulate both the larval and adult diets for both diet types. We found that manipulating the larval diet had greater impacts on all measures of adult size. Further, macronutrient restriction was more detrimental to adult size than caloric restriction. For adult body weight, a rich adult diet mitigated the negative effects of poor larval nutrition for both types of diets. In contrast, small wing and femur size caused by poor larval diet could not be increased with the adult diet. Taken together, these results suggest that appendage size is fixed by the larval diet, while those related to body composition remain sensitive to adult diet. Further, our studies provide a foundation for understanding how the nutritional environment of juveniles affects how adults respond to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo M Poças
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alexander E Crosbie
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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7
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Shen J, Shan J, Liang B, Zhang D, Tang H, Zhong L, Li M. Effects of Atomoxetine Hydrochloride on Regulation of Lifespan in Drosophila Model. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:203-208. [PMID: 35166316 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nootropics (smart drugs) are used by students to enhance cognitive performance which have been reported times in recent years. However, some of the nootropics are central nervous system stimulants which are very likely to lead to addiction or complications such as vomiting and dizziness. Are there nootropics that can improve learning behavior while having potential positive effect on health? Here, we reported that Atomoxetine (ATX) has sex-specific effect on prolonging the life span of female Drosophila melanogaster. Further study indicated that ATX enhanced female resistance to heat stress and their vertical climbing ability, but it did decrease the number of eggs laid. ATX increased food-intake and sleep time both of females and males, and significantly reduced the 24h spontaneous activity of females and males. Our results present the sex dimorphic effect of ATX on life span regulation in Drosophila, and support further research on the beneficial role of ATX and the mechanisms in other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shen
- Jie Shen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China 310018,
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8
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Macronutrient composition and availability affects repeatability of fly activity through changes in among- and within-individual (residual) variation. Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Becker JE, McCluney KE. Urbanization‐driven climate change increases invertebrate lipid demand, relative to protein—A response to dehydration. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Becker
- 217 Life Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA
| | - Kevin E. McCluney
- 217 Life Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH USA
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10
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McCracken AW, Buckle E, Simons MJP. The relationship between longevity and diet is genotype dependent and sensitive to desiccation in Drosophila melanogaster. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb230185. [PMID: 33109715 PMCID: PMC7725603 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.230185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a key focus in ageing research. Specific conditions and genotypes were recently found to negate lifespan extension by DR, questioning its universal relevance. However, the concept of dietary reaction norms explains why the effects of DR might be obscured in some situations. We tested the importance of dietary reaction norms by measuring longevity and fecundity on five diets in five genotypes, with and without water supplementation in female Drosophila melanogaster (N>25,000). We found substantial genetic variation in the response of lifespan to diet. Flies supplemented with water rescued putative desiccation stress on the richest diets, suggesting that water availability can be an experimental confound. Fecundity declined on these richest diets, but was unaffected by water, and this reduction is thus most likely to be caused by nutritional toxicity. Our results demonstrate empirically that a range of diets need to be considered to conclude an absence of the DR longevity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W McCracken
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences & Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eleanor Buckle
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences & Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Mirre J P Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences & Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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11
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van Dam E, van Leeuwen LAG, Dos Santos E, James J, Best L, Lennicke C, Vincent AJ, Marinos G, Foley A, Buricova M, Mokochinski JB, Kramer HB, Lieb W, Laudes M, Franke A, Kaleta C, Cochemé HM. Sugar-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance Are Uncoupled from Shortened Survival in Drosophila. Cell Metab 2020; 31:710-725.e7. [PMID: 32197072 PMCID: PMC7156915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-sugar diets cause thirst, obesity, and metabolic dysregulation, leading to diseases including type 2 diabetes and shortened lifespan. However, the impact of obesity and water imbalance on health and survival is complex and difficult to disentangle. Here, we show that high sugar induces dehydration in adult Drosophila, and water supplementation fully rescues their lifespan. Conversely, the metabolic defects are water-independent, showing uncoupling between sugar-induced obesity and insulin resistance with reduced survival in vivo. High-sugar diets promote accumulation of uric acid, an end-product of purine catabolism, and the formation of renal stones, a process aggravated by dehydration and physiological acidification. Importantly, regulating uric acid production impacts on lifespan in a water-dependent manner. Furthermore, metabolomics analysis in a human cohort reveals that dietary sugar intake strongly predicts circulating purine levels. Our model explains the pathophysiology of high-sugar diets independently of obesity and insulin resistance and highlights purine metabolism as a pro-longevity target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van Dam
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lucie A G van Leeuwen
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eliano Dos Santos
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joel James
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lena Best
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Lennicke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alec J Vincent
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Georgios Marinos
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Foley
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Marcela Buricova
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Joao B Mokochinski
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Holger B Kramer
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaleta
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Helena M Cochemé
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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12
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Henry Y, Overgaard J, Colinet H. Dietary nutrient balance shapes phenotypic traits of Drosophila melanogaster in interaction with gut microbiota. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 241:110626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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McCracken AW, Adams G, Hartshorne L, Tatar M, Simons MJP. The hidden costs of dietary restriction: Implications for its evolutionary and mechanistic origins. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay3047. [PMID: 32128403 PMCID: PMC7034997 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) extends life span across taxa. Despite considerable research, universal mechanisms of DR have not been identified, limiting its translational potential. Guided by the conviction that DR evolved as an adaptive, pro-longevity physiological response to food scarcity, biomedical science has interpreted DR as an activator of pro-longevity molecular pathways. Current evolutionary theory predicts that organisms invest in their soma during DR, and thus when resource availability improves, should outcompete rich-fed controls in survival and/or reproduction. Testing this prediction in Drosophila melanogaster (N > 66,000 across 11 genotypes), our experiments revealed substantial, unexpected mortality costs when flies returned to a rich diet following DR. The physiological effects of DR should therefore not be interpreted as intrinsically pro-longevity, acting via somatic maintenance. We suggest DR could alternatively be considered an escape from costs incurred under nutrient-rich conditions, in addition to costs associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. McCracken
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Gracie Adams
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Laura Hartshorne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Marc Tatar
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mirre J. P. Simons
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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14
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Trautenberg LC, Prince E, Maas C, Beier N, Honold F, Grzybek M, Brankatschk M. Selective Phosphorylation of Akt/Protein-Kinase B Isoforms in Response to Dietary Cues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:206. [PMID: 31649929 PMCID: PMC6796796 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A calorie-rich diet is one reason for the continuous spread of metabolic syndromes in western societies. Smart food design is one powerful tool to prevent metabolic stress, and the search for suitable bioactive additives is a continuous task. The nutrient-sensing insulin pathway is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that plays an important role in metabolism, growth and development. Recently, lipid cues capable to stimulate insulin signaling were identified. However, the mechanistic base of their activity remains obscure to date. We show that specific Akt/Protein-kinase B isoforms are responsive to different calorie-rich diets, and potentiate the activity of the cellular insulin cascade. Our data add a new dimension to existing models and position Drosophila as a powerful tool to study the relation between dietary lipid cues and the insulin-induced cellular signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michal Grzybek
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Oberschleissheim, Germany
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15
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Krittika S, Yadav P. An overview of two decades of diet restriction studies using Drosophila. Biogerontology 2019; 20:723-740. [PMID: 31375967 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is a potent forerunner in aging studies capable of influencing lifespan and improving health in various model organisms even in their old age. Despite the importance of protein and carbohydrates in the diet (regulation of fecundity and body maintenance respectively), different ratio based combinations of these components has played a major role in lifespan extension studies. In spite of differences existing in dietary protocols across laboratories, diet manipulations have evolved as a major area of research in Drosophila lifespan studies, prominently shedding light on the multi-faceted process over the last two decades. Here, we review various advances and technicalities involved in understanding the DR-mediated lifespan alongside discussing the pros and cons of various existing approaches/diets used across labs. The current review also focuses on the importance of life-stage specific DR implementation and their influence on the life-history traits including lifespan and fecundity, by taking examples of results from different studies comprising diet dilution, calorie restriction, protein restriction, carbohydrate: protein ratios and the modulations in various minor diet components. We thereby intend to gather the major advances made in these fields alongside reviewing the practical implementations that need to be made to get a better view of the DR-mediated lifespan studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Krittika
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Fly Laboratory # 210, Anusandhan Kendra-II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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16
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Morimoto J, Lihoreau M. Quantifying Nutritional Trade-Offs across Multidimensional Performance Landscapes. Am Nat 2019; 193:E168-E181. [DOI: 10.1086/701898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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17
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Rendon D, Walton V, Tait G, Buser J, Lemos Souza I, Wallingford A, Loeb G, Lee J. Interactions among morphotype, nutrition, and temperature impact fitness of an invasive fly. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2615-2628. [PMID: 31061698 PMCID: PMC6493778 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive animals depend on finding a balanced nutritional intake to colonize, survive, and reproduce in new environments. This can be especially challenging during situations of fluctuating cold temperatures and food scarcity, but phenotypic plasticity may offer an adaptive advantage during these periods. We examined how lifespan, fecundity, pre‐oviposition periods, and body nutrient contents were affected by dietary protein and carbohydrate (P:C) ratios at variable low temperatures in two morphs (winter morphs WM and summer morphs SM) of an invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii. The experimental conditions simulated early spring after overwintering and autumn, crucial periods for survival. At lower temperatures, post‐overwintering WM lived longer on carbohydrate‐only diets and had higher fecundity on low‐protein diets, but there was no difference in lifespan or fecundity among diets for SM. As temperatures increased, low‐protein diets resulted in higher fecundity without compromising lifespan, while high‐protein diets reduced lifespan and fecundity for both WM and SM. Both SM and WM receiving high‐protein diets had lower sugar, lipid, and glycogen (but similar protein) body contents compared to flies receiving low‐protein and carbohydrate‐only diets. This suggests that flies spend energy excreting excess dietary protein, thereby affecting lifespan and fecundity. Despite having to recover from nutrient depletion after an overwintering period, WM exhibited longer lifespan and higher fecundity than SM in favorable diets and temperatures. WM exposed to favorable low‐protein diet had higher body sugar, lipid, and protein body contents than SM, which is possibly linked to better performance. Although protein is essential for oogenesis, WM and SM flies receiving low‐protein diets did not have shorter pre‐oviposition periods compared to flies on carbohydrate‐only diets. Finding adequate carbohydrate sources to compensate protein intake is essential for the successful persistence of D. suzukii WM and SM populations during suboptimal temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rendon
- Department of Horticulture Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | - Vaughn Walton
- Department of Horticulture Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | - Gabriella Tait
- Research and Innovation Centre Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige Italy
| | - Jessica Buser
- Department of Horticulture Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | | | - Anna Wallingford
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Geneva New York.,University of New Hampshire, Cooperative Extension Durham New Hampshire
| | - Greg Loeb
- Department of Entomology Cornell University Geneva New York
| | - Jana Lee
- USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit Corvallis Oregon
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18
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Jang T, Lee KP. Context-dependent effects of temperature on starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster: Mechanisms and ecological implications. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 110:6-12. [PMID: 30099070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Temperature can modulate the responses of ectotherms to environmental stressors, such as food shortage. Temperature-mediated plasticity in starvation resistance can arise by changes in the amount of energy stored, the speed of energy expenditure, or the threshold energy reserves required for survival. However, few studies have investigated how temperature affects these physiological mechanisms underlying starvation resistance. In this study, we first examined the mechanistic basis of the temperature dependence of starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. We then tested whether the effects of temperature on starvation resistance would depend on diet and developmental stage in this species. We found that exposure to high temperature during starvation significantly reduced the capacity of D. melanogaster to resist starvation. This warming-induced decrease in starvation resistance was mainly caused by faster depletion of body lipids and not by lower threshold lipid content for survival. D. melanogaster exposed to higher temperatures during feeding accumulated more body lipids and thus became more starvation resistant. Such positive effect of high feeding temperature on starvation resistance was pronounced when D. melanogaster consumed carbohydrate-rich diets. D. melanogaster raised as larvae at low temperature (18 °C) had a weaker starvation resistance at adult emergence compared to those raised at higher temperatures (23 and 28 °C). These results demonstrate that the effects of temperature on starvation responses are highly context-dependent in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pum Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Gáliková M, Dircksen H, Nässel DR. The thirsty fly: Ion transport peptide (ITP) is a novel endocrine regulator of water homeostasis in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007618. [PMID: 30138334 PMCID: PMC6124785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals need to continuously adjust their water metabolism to the internal and external conditions. Homeostasis of body fluids thus requires tight regulation of water intake and excretion, and a balance between ingestion of water and solid food. Here, we investigated how these processes are coordinated in Drosophila melanogaster. We identified the first thirst-promoting and anti-diuretic hormone of Drosophila, encoded by the gene Ion transport peptide (ITP). This endocrine regulator belongs to the CHH (crustacean hyperglycemic hormone) family of peptide hormones. Using genetic gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we show that ITP signaling acts analogous to the human vasopressin and renin-angiotensin systems; expression of ITP is elevated by dehydration of the fly, and the peptide increases thirst while repressing excretion, promoting thus conservation of water resources. ITP responds to both osmotic and desiccation stress, and dysregulation of ITP signaling compromises the fly's ability to cope with these stressors. In addition to the regulation of thirst and excretion, ITP also suppresses food intake. Altogether, our work identifies ITP as an important endocrine regulator of thirst and excretion, which integrates water homeostasis with feeding of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dick R. Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. Nutritional ecology and foraging theory. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 27:38-45. [PMID: 30025633 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Historically, two fields of research have developed theory around foraging and feeding that have influenced biology more broadly, optimal foraging theory and nutritional ecology. While these fields have developed largely in parallel, they are complementary with each offering particular strengths. Here we show how an approach developed in the study of insect nutrition, called nutritional geometry, has provided a framework for incorporating key aspects of optimal foraging theory into nutritional ecology. This synthesis provides a basis for integrating with foraging and feeding the many facets of biology that are linked to nutrition and is now influencing diverse areas of the biological and biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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21
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Jang T, Lee KP. Comparing the impacts of macronutrients on life-history traits in larval and adult Drosophila melanogaster: the use of nutritional geometry and chemically defined diets. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.181115. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.181115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein and carbohydrate are the two major macronutrients that exert profound influences over fitness in many organisms, including Drosophila melanogaster. Our understanding of how these macronutrients shape the components of fitness in D. melanogaster has been greatly enhanced by the use of nutritional geometry, but most nutritional geometric analyses on this species have been conducted using semi-synthetic diets that are not chemically well-defined. Here we combined the use of nutritional geometry and chemically defined diets to compare the patterns of larval and adult life-history traits expressed across 34 diets systematically varying in protein:carbohydrate (P:C) ratio and in protein plus carbohydrate (P+C) concentration. The shape of the response surfaces constructed for all larval and adult traits differed significantly from one another, with the nutritional optima being identified at P:C 1:4 for lifespan (P+C 120 g l−1), 1:2 for egg-to-adult viability (120 g l−1), 1:1 for female body mass at adult eclosion (240 g l−1) and lifetime fecundity (360 g l−1), 2:1 for larval developmental rate (60 g l−1), and 8:1 for egg production rate (120 g l−1). Such divergence in nutritional optima among life-history traits indicates that D. melanogaster confined to a single diet cannot maximize the expression of these traits simultaneously and thus may face a life-history trade-off. Our data provide the most comprehensive and nutritionally explicit analysis of the impacts of macronutrients on life-history traits in D. melanogaster and support the emerging notion that the fundamental trade-offs among life-history traits are mediated by macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Jang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pum Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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22
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Plantamp C, Estragnat V, Fellous S, Desouhant E, Gibert P. Where and what to feed? Differential effects on fecundity and longevity in the invasive Drosophila suzukii. Basic Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Reade AJ, Naug D. Inter-individual variation in nutrient balancing in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 95:17-22. [PMID: 27614177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Geometric Framework approach in nutritional ecology postulates that animals attempt to balance the consumption of different nutrients rather than simply maximizing energetic gain. The intake target with respect to each nutrient maximizes fitness in a specific dimension and any difference between individuals in intake target therefore represents alternative behavioral and fitness maximization strategies. Nutritional interactions are a central component of all social groups and any inter-individual variation in intake target should therefore have a significant influence on social dynamics. Using the honeybee colony as an experimental model, we quantified differences in the carbohydrate intake target of individual foragers using a capillary feeder (CAFE) assay. Our results show that the bees did not simply maximize their net energetic gain, but combined sugar and water in their diet in a way that brought them to an intake target equivalent to a 33% sucrose solution. Although the mean intake target with respect to the nutrients sucrose and water was the same under different food choice regimens, there was significant inter-individual variation in intake target and the manner in which individuals reached this target, a variation which suggests different levels of tolerance to nutrient imbalance. We discuss our results in the context of how colony performance may be influenced by the different nutrient balancing strategies of individual members and how such nutritional constraints could have contributed to the evolution of sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie J Reade
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Dhruba Naug
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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24
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Bunning H, Rapkin J, Belcher L, Archer CR, Jensen K, Hunt J. Protein and carbohydrate intake influence sperm number and fertility in male cockroaches, but not sperm viability. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2014.2144. [PMID: 25608881 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that because males produce many, tiny sperm, they are cheap to produce. Recent work, however, suggests that sperm production is not cost-free. If sperm are costly to produce, sperm number and/or viability should be influenced by diet, and this has been documented in numerous species. Yet few studies have examined the exact nutrients responsible for mediating these effects. Here, we quantify the effects of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intake on sperm number and viability in the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea, as well as the consequences for male fertility. We found the intake of P and C influenced sperm number, being maximized at a high intake of diets with a P : C ratio of 1 : 2, but not sperm viability. The nutritional landscapes for male fertility and sperm number were closely aligned, suggesting that sperm number is the major determinant of male fertility in N. cinerea. Under dietary choice, males regulate nutrient intake at a P : C ratio of 1 : 4.95, which is midway between the ratios needed to maximize sperm production and pre-copulatory attractiveness in this species. This raises the possibility that males regulate nutrient intake to balance the trade-off between pre- and post-copulatory traits in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Bunning
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - James Rapkin
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Laurence Belcher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - C Ruth Archer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kim Jensen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Gardner Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613, USA
| | - John Hunt
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Tremough Campus, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
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25
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary interventions are effective strategies for preventing disease and promoting health span. Many of the effects of dietary restriction are linked to amino acid and protein levels and their regulation of nutrient-signaling pathways. Thus, protein restriction is a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing aging-related diseases and extending life span. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in yeast and flies have shown that amino acid restriction promotes longevity and protection. In rodents, protein restriction extends life span and alleviates detrimental aging phenotypes. Finally, clinical trials in middle-aged adults have demonstrated the role of a protein-restricted diet in promoting health span. Interestingly, the population over the age of 65 may not benefit from severe protein restriction potentially because of the increased physiological decline that leads to decreased amino acid absorption and altered protein synthesis. SUMMARY Protein restriction can have profound effects on health and longevity, but excessive restriction is detrimental, particularly in the very old. The investigation of the mechanisms that modulate nutrient-sensing pathways is important to understand how regulation of protein intake can optimize health span and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rachel Raynes
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D. Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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26
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Deshpande SA, Yamada R, Mak CM, Hunter B, Obando AS, Hoxha S, Ja WW. Acidic Food pH Increases Palatability and Consumption and Extends Drosophila Lifespan. J Nutr 2015; 145:2789-96. [PMID: 26491123 PMCID: PMC4656910 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.222380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalent use of Drosophila as a model in studies of nutrition, the effects of fundamental food properties, such as pH, on animal health and behavior are not well known. OBJECTIVES We examined the effect of food pH on adult Drosophila lifespan, feeding behavior, and microbiota composition and tested the hypothesis that pH-mediated changes in palatability and total consumption are required for modulating longevity. METHODS We measured the effect of buffered food (pH 5, 7, or 9) on male gustatory responses (proboscis extension), total food intake, and male and female lifespan. The effect of food pH on germfree male lifespan was also assessed. Changes in fly-associated microbial composition as a result of food pH were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Male gustatory responses, total consumption, and male and female longevity were additionally measured in the taste-defective Pox neuro (Poxn) mutant and its transgenic rescue control. RESULTS An acidic diet increased Drosophila gustatory responses (40-230%) and food intake (5-50%) and extended survival (10-160% longer median lifespan) compared with flies on either neutral or alkaline pH food. Alkaline food pH shifted the composition of fly-associated bacteria and resulted in greater lifespan extension (260% longer median survival) after microbes were eliminated compared with flies on an acidic (50%) or neutral (130%) diet. However, germfree flies lived longer on an acidic diet (5-20% longer median lifespan) compared with those on either neutral or alkaline pH food. Gustatory responses, total consumption, and longevity were unaffected by food pH in Poxn mutant flies. CONCLUSIONS Food pH can directly influence palatability and feeding behavior and affect parameters such as microbial growth to ultimately affect Drosophila lifespan. Fundamental food properties altered by dietary or drug interventions may therefore contribute to changes in animal physiology, metabolism, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A Deshpande
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Ryuichi Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Christine M Mak
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Brooke Hunter
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Alina Soto Obando
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Sany Hoxha
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - William W Ja
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
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27
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Rodrigues MA, Martins NE, Balancé LF, Broom LN, Dias AJS, Fernandes ASD, Rodrigues F, Sucena É, Mirth CK. Drosophila melanogaster larvae make nutritional choices that minimize developmental time. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 81:69-80. [PMID: 26149766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organisms from slime moulds to humans carefully regulate their macronutrient intake to optimize a wide range of life history characters including survival, stress resistance, and reproductive success. However, life history characters often differ in their response to nutrition, forcing organisms to make foraging decisions while balancing the trade-offs between these effects. To date, we have a limited understanding of how the nutritional environment shapes the relationship between life history characters and foraging decisions. To gain insight into the problem, we used a geometric framework for nutrition to assess how the protein and carbohydrate content of the larval diet affected key life history traits in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. In no-choice assays, survival from egg to pupae, female and male body size, and ovariole number - a proxy for female fecundity - were maximized at the highest protein to carbohydrate (P:C) ratio (1.5:1). In contrast, development time was minimized at intermediate P:C ratios, around 1:2. Next, we subjected larvae to two-choice tests to determine how they regulated their protein and carbohydrate intake in relation to these life history traits. Our results show that larvae targeted their consumption to P:C ratios that minimized development time. Finally, we examined whether adult females also chose to lay their eggs in the P:C ratios that minimized developmental time. Using a three-choice assay, we found that adult females preferentially laid their eggs in food P:C ratios that were suboptimal for all larval life history traits. Our results demonstrate that D. melanogaster larvae make foraging decisions that trade-off developmental time with body size, ovariole number, and survival. In addition, adult females make oviposition decisions that do not appear to benefit the larvae. We propose that these decisions may reflect the living nature of the larval nutritional environment in rotting fruit. These studies illustrate the interaction between the nutritional environment, life history traits, and foraging choices in D. melanogaster, and lend insight into the ecology of their foraging decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Rodrigues
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nelson E Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lara F Balancé
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lara N Broom
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António J S Dias
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia D Fernandes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fábio Rodrigues
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Élio Sucena
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christen K Mirth
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
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28
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Rovenko BM, Kubrak OI, Gospodaryov DV, Perkhulyn NV, Yurkevych IS, Sanz A, Lushchak OV, Lushchak VI. High sucrose consumption promotes obesity whereas its low consumption induces oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 79:42-54. [PMID: 26050918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sucrose in varied concentrations (0.25-20%) with constant amount of yeasts in larval diet on development and metabolic parameters of adult fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster were studied. Larvae consumed more food at low sucrose diet, overeating with yeast. On high sucrose diet, larvae ingested more carbohydrates, despite consuming less food and obtaining less protein derived from yeast. High sucrose diet slowed down pupation and increased pupa mortality, enhanced levels of lipids and glycogen, increased dry body mass, decreased water content, i.e. resulted in obese phenotype. Furthermore, it suppressed reactive oxygen species-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase. The activity of catalase was gender-related. In males, at all sucrose concentrations used catalase activity was higher than at its concentration of 0.25%, whereas in females sucrose concentration virtually did not influence the activity. High sucrose diet increased content of protein thiols and the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The increase in sucrose concentration also enhanced uric acid level in females, but caused opposite effects in males. Development on high sucrose diets was accompanied by elevated steady-state insulin-like peptide 3 mRNA level. Finally, carbohydrate starvation at yeast overfeeding on low sucrose diets resulted in oxidative stress reflected by higher levels of oxidized lipids and proteins accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase activity. Potential mechanisms involved in regulation of redox processes by carbohydrates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdana M Rovenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Olga I Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro V Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Natalia V Perkhulyn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Ihor S Yurkevych
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences and Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Oleh V Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine.
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29
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Le Bourg E, Gauthier T, Colinet H. Feeding on frozen live yeast has some deleterious effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Gerontol 2015; 69:202-10. [PMID: 26163343 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Many experiments have shown that dietary restriction, for instance by removing live yeast or modifying the protein/carbohydrate ratio, can modulate lifespan, fecundity, resistance to severe stresses and behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster flies. The present study tested whether feeding flies with frozen yeast rather than with fresh yeast could have some effect on these traits, the other components of the food being similar in the two groups. Freezing altered live yeast quality and flies feeding on frozen yeast lived slightly less (males), were less fecund at older ages, and poorly resisted to some severe stresses (cold and starvation), no negative effect being observed on resistance to heat. It seems that, like in humans, feeding on a low quality food can negatively impact healthspan and that an appropriate food is not only a food with optimal number of calories and appropriate ratios of proteins, carbohydrates, and fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Le Bourg
- Université Paul-Sabatier, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, UMR CNRS 5169, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Tiphaine Gauthier
- Université Paul-Sabatier, UMR CNRS 5088 LBCMCP, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Hervé Colinet
- Université de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, 263 avenue du Général-Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes, France
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30
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Rho MS, Lee KP. Geometric analysis of nutrient balancing in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 71:37-45. [PMID: 25308181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Geometric analysis of the nutritional regulatory responses was performed on an omnivorous mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to test whether this beetle had the capacity to balance the intake of protein and carbohydrate. We also identified the pattern of ingestive trade-off employed when the insect was forced to balance the costs of over- and under-ingesting macronutrients. When allowed to mix their diet from two nutritionally imbalanced but complementary foods (protein-biased food: p35:c7 or p28:c5.6; carbohydrate-biased food: p7:c35 or p5.6:c28), beetles of both sexes actively regulated their intake of protein and carbohydrate to a ratio of 1:1. When confined to one of seven nutritionally imbalanced foods (p0:c42, p7:c35, p14:c28, p21:c21, p28:c14, p35:c7 or p42:c0), beetles over-ingested the excessive nutrient from these foods to such an extent that all the points of protein-carbohydrate intake aligned linearly in the nutrient space, a pattern that is characteristic of generalist feeders and omnivores. Under the restricted feeding conditions, males ate more nutrients but were less efficient at retaining their body lipids than females. Body lipid content was higher on carbohydrate-rich foods and was positively correlated with starvation resistance. Our results are consistent with the prediction based on the nutritional heterogeneity hypothesis, which links the nutritional regulatory responses of insects to their diet breadth and feeding ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Suk Rho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pum Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Mirzaei H, Suarez JA, Longo VD. Protein and amino acid restriction, aging and disease: from yeast to humans. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:558-66. [PMID: 25153840 PMCID: PMC4254277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many of the effects of dietary restriction (DR) on longevity and health span in model organisms have been linked to reduced protein and amino acid (AA) intake and the stimulation of specific nutrient signaling pathways. Studies in yeast have shown that addition of serine, threonine, and valine in media promotes cellular sensitization and aging by activating different but connected pathways. Protein or essential AA restriction extends both lifespan and healthspan in rodent models. In humans, protein restriction (PR) has been associated with reduced cancer, diabetes, and overall mortality. Thus, interventions aimed at lowering the intake of proteins or specific AAs can be beneficial and have the potential to be widely adopted and effective in optimizing healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jorge A Suarez
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milano, Italy.
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32
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Le Gall M, Behmer ST. Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate on an Insect Herbivore: The Vista from a Fitness Landscape. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:942-54. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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33
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Deshpande SA, Carvalho GB, Amador A, Phillips AM, Hoxha S, Lizotte KJ, Ja WW. Quantifying Drosophila food intake: comparative analysis of current methodology. Nat Methods 2014; 11:535-40. [PMID: 24681694 PMCID: PMC4008671 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Food intake is a fundamental parameter in animal studies. Despite the prevalent use of Drosophila in laboratory research, precise measurements of food intake remain challenging in this model organism. Here, we compare several common Drosophila feeding assays: the Capillary Feeder (CAFE), food-labeling with a radioactive tracer or a colorimetric dye, and observations of proboscis extension (PE). We show that the CAFE and radioisotope-labeling provide the most consistent results, have the highest sensitivity, and can resolve differences in feeding that dye-labeling and PE fail to distinguish. We conclude that performing the radiolabeling and CAFE assays in parallel is currently the best approach for quantifying Drosophila food intake. Understanding the strengths and limitations of food intake methodology will greatly advance Drosophila studies of nutrition, behavior, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A Deshpande
- 1] Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA. [2]
| | - Gil B Carvalho
- 1] Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA. [2] [3]
| | - Ariadna Amador
- 1] Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA. [2] Scripps Graduate Program, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA. [3]
| | - Angela M Phillips
- 1] Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA. [2]
| | - Sany Hoxha
- 1] Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA. [2] Scripps Graduate Program, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Keith J Lizotte
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - William W Ja
- 1] Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA. [2] Scripps Graduate Program, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
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34
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Food selection in larval fruit flies: dynamics and effects on larval development. Naturwissenschaften 2013; 101:61-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-013-1129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Fanson BG, Petterson IE, Taylor PW. Diet quality mediates activity patterns in adult Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:676-681. [PMID: 23623835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies linking resource acquisition and trait expression have traditionally treated nutritional resources as a single currency, but recent research has shown that trait expression can depend as much on diet quality (nutrient composition) as on diet quantity (calories). Here, we investigate the role of nutrient composition and diet concentration on activity levels of adult Queensland fruit flies (Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt: Tephritidae). Male and female flies were fed diets that varied in the proportion of protein and carbohydrate as well as total amounts of protein and carbohydrate. Daily activity levels were then quantified using locomotor activity monitors during both light and dark phases. During the light phase, both sexes increased the proportion of time spent active and their rate of activity as diets became more carbohydrate-rich and concentrated. In contrast, during the dark phase, nutrient composition and concentration had no effect on the proportion of time spent active for either sex, although when active during the dark phase, activity rates were higher for flies fed more carbohydrate-rich and concentrated diets. Overall, nutritional composition of the diet affected activity levels to a greater extent than the total energetic content of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Fanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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36
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Sentinella AT, Crean AJ, Bonduriansky R. Dietary protein mediates a trade-off between larval survival and the development of male secondary sexual traits. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T. Sentinella
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Angela J. Crean
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological; Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; 2052; Australia
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37
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Bruce KD, Hoxha S, Carvalho GB, Yamada R, Wang HD, Karayan P, He S, Brummel T, Kapahi P, Ja WW. High carbohydrate-low protein consumption maximizes Drosophila lifespan. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1129-35. [PMID: 23403040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction extends lifespan in a variety of organisms, but the key nutritional components driving this process and how they interact remain uncertain. In Drosophila, while a substantial body of research suggests that protein is the major dietary component affecting longevity, recent studies claim that carbohydrates also play a central role. To clarify how nutritional factors influence longevity, nutrient consumption and lifespan were measured on a series of diets with varying yeast and sugar content. We show that optimal lifespan requires both high carbohydrate and low protein consumption, but neither nutrient by itself entirely predicts lifespan. Increased dietary carbohydrate or protein concentration does not always result in reduced feeding-the regulation of food consumption is best described by a constant daily caloric intake target. Moreover, due to differences in food intake, increased concentration of a nutrient within the diet does not necessarily result in increased consumption of that particular nutrient. Our results shed light on the issue of dietary effects on lifespan and highlight the need for accurate measures of nutrient intake in dietary manipulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Bruce
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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38
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Fanson BG, Fanson KV, Taylor PW. Cost of reproduction in the Queensland fruit fly: Y-model versus lethal protein hypothesis. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4893-900. [PMID: 23097519 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The trade-off between lifespan and reproduction is commonly explained by differential allocation of limited resources. Recent research has shown that the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P : C) of a fly's diet mediates the lifespan-reproduction trade-off, with higher P : C diets increasing egg production but decreasing lifespan. To test whether this P : C effect is because of changing allocation strategies (Y-model hypothesis) or detrimental effects of protein ingestion on lifespan (lethal protein hypothesis), we measured lifespan and egg production in Queensland fruit flies varying in reproductive status (mated, virgin and sterilized females, virgin males) that were fed one of 18 diets varying in protein and carbohydrate amounts. The Y-model predicts that for sterilized females and for males, which require little protein for reproduction, there will be no effect of P : C ratio on lifespan; the lethal protein hypothesis predicts that the effect of P : C ratio should be similar in all groups. In support of the lethal protein hypothesis, and counter to the Y-model, the P : C ratio of the ingested diets had similar effects for all groups. We conclude that the trade-off between lifespan and reproduction is mediated by the detrimental side-effects of protein ingestion on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Fanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Wilder SM, Barnum TR, Holway DA, Suarez AV, Eubanks MD. Introduced fire ants can exclude native ants from critical mutualist-provided resources. Oecologia 2012; 172:197-205. [PMID: 23053235 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2477-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animals frequently experience resource imbalances in nature. For ants, one resource that may be particularly valuable for both introduced and native species is high-carbohydrate honeydew from hemipteran mutualists. We conducted field and laboratory experiments: (1) to test if red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta) competed with native ants for access to mutualisms with aphids, and (2) to quantify the effects of aphid honeydew presence or absence on colony growth of native ants. We focused on native dolichoderine ants (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) because they are abundant ants that have omnivorous diets that frequently include mutualist-provided carbohydrates. At two sites in the southeastern US, native dolichoderine ants were far less frequent, and fire ants more frequent, at carbohydrate baits than would be expected based on their frequency in pitfall traps. A field experiment confirmed that a native ant species, Dorymyrmex bureni, was only found tending aphids when populations of S. invicta were suppressed. In the laboratory, colonies of native dolichoderine ants with access to both honeydew and insect prey had twice as many workers and over twice as much brood compared to colonies fed only ad libitum insect prey. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that introduced ants compete for access to mutualist-provided carbohydrates with native ants and that these carbohydrates represent critical resources for both introduced and native ants. These results challenge traditional paradigms of arthropod and ant nutrition and contribute to growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in mediating ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Wilder
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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