1
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Schmidt E, Donelson JM. Regional thermal variation in a coral reef fish. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae058. [PMID: 39139734 PMCID: PMC11320370 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
How species respond to climate change will depend on the collective response of populations. Intraspecific variation in traits, evolved through genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, can cause thermal performance curves to vary over species' distributions. Intraspecific variation within marine species has received relatively little attention due to the belief that marine systems lack dispersal barriers strong enough to promote locally adapted traits. Here we show that intraspecific variation is present between low- and high-latitude populations of a coral reef damselfish (Acanthochromis polyacanthus). Co-gradient variation was observed when examining aerobic physiology across a thermal gradient that reflected mean summer temperatures of high- and low-latitude regions, as well as projected future ocean temperatures (i.e. 27, 28.5, 30, 31.5°C). Whilst thermally sensitive, no significant differences were observed between high- and low-latitude regions when measuring immunocompetence, haematocrit and anaerobic enzyme activity. The presence of co-gradient variation suggests that dispersal limitations in marine systems can promote local adaptive responses; however, intraspecific variation may not be ubiquitous amongst traits. Identifying locally adapted traits amongst populations remains necessary to accurately project species responses to climate change and identify differences in adaptive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Schmidt
- College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Donelson
- College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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2
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Kressler MM, Hunt GL, Stroh AK, Pinnegar JK, Mcdowell J, Watson JW, Gomes MP, Skóra ME, Fenton S, Nash RDM, Vieira R, Rincón-Díaz MP. Twenty-five emerging questions when detecting, understanding, and predicting future fish distributions in a changing climate. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:472-481. [PMID: 39158101 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The 2023 Annual Symposium of the Fisheries Society of the British Isles hosted opportunities for researchers, scientists, and policy makers to reflect on the state of art of predicting fish distributions and consider the implications to the marine and aquatic environments of a changing climate. The outcome of one special interest group at the Symposium was a collection of questions, organized under five themes, which begin to capture the state of the field and identify priorities for research and management over the coming years. The five themes were Physiology, Mechanisms, Detect and Measure, Manage, and Wider Ecosystems. The questions, 25 of them, addressed concepts which remain poorly understood, are data deficient, and/or are likely to be impacted in measurable or profound ways by climate change. Moving from the first to the last theme, the questions expanded in the scope of their considerations, from specific processes within the individual to ecosystem-wide impacts, but no one question is bigger than any other: each is important in detecting, understanding, and predicting fish distributions, and each will be impacted by an aspect of climate change. In this way, our questions, particularly those concerning unknown mechanisms and data deficiencies, aimed to offer a guide to other researchers, managers, and policy makers in the prioritization of future work as a changing climate is expected to have complex and disperse impacts on fish populations and distributions that will require a coordinated effort to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly M Kressler
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation and the Environment Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - Georgina L Hunt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anna K Stroh
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | - John K Pinnegar
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Jonathan Mcdowell
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joseph W Watson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Marcelo P Gomes
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Michał E Skóra
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sam Fenton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard D M Nash
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Rui Vieira
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Martha Patricia Rincón-Díaz
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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3
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Akrokoh J, Bediako JO, Fafanyo K, Musah-Yussif H, Asubonteng AK, Adjei HO, Ofori AGA, Skov PV, Obirikorang KA. Relatedness of hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and their relationships with cardiac and gill traits. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 294:111648. [PMID: 38643961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In fish, thermal and hypoxia tolerances may be functionally related, as suggested by the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) concept, which explains performance failure at high temperatures due to limitations in oxygen delivery. In this study the interrelatedness of hyperthermia and hypoxia tolerances in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and their links to cardiorespiratory traits were examined. Different groups of O. niloticus (n = 51) were subjected to hypoxia and hyperthermia challenges and the O2 tension for aquatic surface respiration (ASR pO2) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) were assessed as measurement endpoints. Gill filament length, total filament number, ventricle mass, length and width were also measured. Tolerance to hypoxia, as evidenced by ASR pO2 thresholds of the individual fish, was highly variable and varied between 0.26 and 3.39 kPa. ASR events increased more profoundly as O2 tensions decreased below 2 kPa. The CTmax values recorded for the O. niloticus individuals ranged from 43.1 to 44.8 °C (Mean: 44.2 ± 0.4 °C). Remarkably, there was a highly significant correlation between ASR pO2 and CTmax in O. niloticus (r = -0.76, p < 0.0001) with ASR pO2 increasing linearly with decreasing CTmax. There were, however, no discernible relationships between the measured cardiorespiratory properties and hypoxia or hyperthermia tolerances. The strong relationship between hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerances in this study may be related to the ability of the cardiorespiratory system to provide oxygen to respiring tissues under thermal stress, and thus provides some support for the OCLTT concept in this species, at least at the level of the entire organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesslyn Akrokoh
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. https://twitter.com/@missakrokoh
| | - Jedida Osei Bediako
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kelvin Fafanyo
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Harriya Musah-Yussif
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Audrey Korsah Asubonteng
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Henry Owusu Adjei
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Peter Vilhelm Skov
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Kwasi Adu Obirikorang
- Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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4
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Verhille CE, MacDonald M, Noble B, Demorest G, Roche A, Frazier K, Albertson LK. Thermal tolerance of giant salmonfly nymphs ( Pteronarcys californica) varies across populations in a regulated river. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae043. [PMID: 38974500 PMCID: PMC11225080 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Warming of aquatic ecosystems is transforming the distribution, phenology and growth of the organisms dependent upon these ecosystems. Aquatic insects such as stoneflies are especially vulnerable to warming because the aquatic nymph stage of their life cycle depends on cool, well-oxygenated, flowing water habitat. We tracked thermal effects on available aerobic capacity of the aquatic nymph stage of an iconic and vulnerable stonefly species, the giant salmonfly (Pteronarcys californica), to compare habitat thermal regime measurements for two salmonfly populations from habitats separated by a gradient in summer weekly maximum temperatures. Contrary to expectations, the thermal optima range of the warmer habitat population was cooler than for the cooler habitat population. We posit that this unexpected interpopulation variation in thermal response is more strongly driven by diel and seasonal thermal variability than by the highest summer temperatures experienced within respective habitats. Additionally, we show that summer daily maximum temperatures could result in periodic limits in available aerobic capacity to support work of the warmer habitat nymphs and may be the mechanism underlying reduced abundance relative to the upstream cooler habitat population. Our findings provide insight into potential thermal and metabolic mechanisms that could regulate the success of ecological and culturally important aquatic insect species experiencing global change. We conclude that thermal regimes and thermal variation, not just mean and maximum temperatures, are critical drivers of aquatic insect responses to water temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael MacDonald
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ben Noble
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gavin Demorest
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Alzada Roche
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Kayleigh Frazier
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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5
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Johansen JL, Mitchell MD, Vaughan GO, Ripley DM, Shiels HA, Burt JA. Impacts of ocean warming on fish size reductions on the world's hottest coral reefs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5457. [PMID: 38951524 PMCID: PMC11217398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of ocean warming on fish and fisheries is vigorously debated. Leading theories project limited adaptive capacity of tropical fishes and 14-39% size reductions by 2050 due to mass-scaling limitations of oxygen supply in larger individuals. Using the world's hottest coral reefs in the Persian/Arabian Gulf as a natural laboratory for ocean warming - where species have survived >35.0 °C summer temperatures for over 6000 years and are 14-40% smaller at maximum size compared to cooler locations - we identified two adaptive pathways that enhance survival at elevated temperatures across 10 metabolic and swimming performance metrics. Comparing Lutjanus ehrenbergii and Scolopsis ghanam from reefs both inside and outside the Persian/Arabian Gulf across temperatures of 27.0 °C, 31.5 °C and 35.5 °C, we reveal that these species show a lower-than-expected rise in basal metabolic demands and a right-shifted thermal window, which aids in maintaining oxygen supply and aerobic performance to 35.5 °C. Importantly, our findings challenge traditional oxygen-limitation theories, suggesting a mismatch in energy acquisition and demand as the primary driver of size reductions. Our data support a modified resource-acquisition theory to explain how ocean warming leads to species-specific size reductions and why smaller individuals are evolutionarily favored under elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Johansen
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Matthew D Mitchell
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Grace O Vaughan
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- BiOrbic, Bioeconomy SFI Research Centre, O'Brien Centre for Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel M Ripley
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - John A Burt
- Marine Biology Laboratory, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Mubadala ACCESS Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Uhlmann SS, Paoletti S, Ampe B, Theodoridis K, Kochzius M, Koeck B. The role of temperature in vitality and survival assessments of beam-trawled and discarded European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae036. [PMID: 38873635 PMCID: PMC11170488 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Thermal stress can influence the recovery of fish released after capture. Vitality assessments using reflex and behavioural responses require that responses can be observed reliably, independent of temperature. Here, we tested whether reflex and behavioural impairment and survival of beam-trawled and discarded European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) are independent from seasonal air and water temperature deviations. In total, 324 beam-trawled plaice (n = 196 in summer and n = 128 in winter) were exposed to two air temperature treatments and two water treatments (i.e. modified and ambient temperatures for both). The modified treatments (i.e. cooled in summer, warmed in winter) represent the thermal shock a fish may experience when being returned to the water. All reflexes and tested behaviours were affected by ambient temperature, with high impairment noted in summer. None of the reflexes were affected by temperature shocks alone, only body flex was. Body flex was highly impaired under every exposure combination. Fish size and duration of air exposure further influenced impairment of reflexes such as head complex and tail grab. More generally, post-release survival was assessed as 21% [95% CI: 16-28%] in summer and 99% [97-100%] in winter. Beam trawling in summer is likely to induce high reflex impairment and mortality in discarded plaice, and therefore spatial-temporal mitigation approaches should be prioritized over control of on-board temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Sebastian Uhlmann
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Fisheries and Aquatic Production, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
- Marine Biology - Ecology, Evolution & Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Silvia Paoletti
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Fisheries and Aquatic Production, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
- Marine Biology - Ecology, Evolution & Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Rue Vautier 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Ampe
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit, Fisheries and Aquatic Production, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Theodoridis
- Marine Biology - Ecology, Evolution & Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Fisheries Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation - Demeter, INALE Nea Peramos, Kavala 64007
| | - Marc Kochzius
- Marine Biology - Ecology, Evolution & Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Koeck
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- WasserCluster Lunz Biologische Station, Inter-university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Dr. Kupelwieser-Prom. 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
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7
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Mohsen M, Ismail S, Yuan X, Yu Z, Lin C, Yang H. Sea cucumber physiological response to abiotic stress: Emergent contaminants and climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172208. [PMID: 38583632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The ocean is facing a multitude of abiotic stresses due to factors such as climate change and pollution. Understanding how organisms in the ocean respond to these global changes is vital to better predicting consequences. Sea cucumbers are popular echinoderms with multiple ecological, nutritional, and pharmaceutical benefits. Here, we reviewed the effects of environmental change on an ecologically important echinoderm of the ocean, aiming to understand their response better, which could facilitate healthy culture programs under environmental changes and draw attention to knowledge gaps. After screening articles from the databases, 142 studies were included on the influence of emergent contaminants and climate variation on the early developmental stages and adults of sea cucumbers. We outlined the potential mechanism underlying the physiological response of sea cucumbers to emerging contaminants and climate change. It can be concluded that the physiological response of sea cucumbers to emergent contaminants differs from their response to climate change. Sea cucumbers could accumulate pollutants in their organs but are aestivated when exposed to extreme climate change. Research showed that the physiological response of sea cucumbers to pollutants indicates that these pollutants impair critical physiological processes, particularly during the more susceptible early phases of development compared to adults, and the accumulation of these pollutants in adults is often observed. For climate change, sea cucumbers showed gradual adaptation to the slight variation. However, sea cucumbers undergo aestivation under extreme conditions. Based on this review, critical suggestions for future research are presented, and we call for more efforts focusing on the co-occurrence of different stressors to extend the knowledge regarding the effects of environmental changes on these economically and ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohsen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Department of Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ismail
- Environmental Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44519, Egypt; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiutang Yuan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Zonghe Yu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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8
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Van Wert JC, Birnie-Gauvin K, Gallagher J, Hardison EA, Landfield K, Burkepile DE, Eliason EJ. Despite plasticity, heatwaves are costly for a coral reef fish. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13320. [PMID: 38858427 PMCID: PMC11164959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events, including marine heatwaves, which are prolonged periods of anomalously high sea surface temperature that pose a novel threat to aquatic animals. Tropical animals may be especially vulnerable to marine heatwaves because they are adapted to a narrow temperature range. If these animals cannot acclimate to marine heatwaves, the extreme heat could impair their behavior and fitness. Here, we investigated how marine heatwave conditions affected the performance and thermal tolerance of a tropical predatory fish, arceye hawkfish (Paracirrhites arcatus), across two seasons in Moorea, French Polynesia. We found that the fish's daily activities, including recovery from burst swimming and digestion, were more energetically costly in fish exposed to marine heatwave conditions across both seasons, while their aerobic capacity remained the same. Given their constrained energy budget, these rising costs associated with warming may impact how hawkfish prioritize activities. Additionally, hawkfish that were exposed to hotter temperatures exhibited cardiac plasticity by increasing their maximum heart rate but were still operating within a few degrees of their thermal limits. With more frequent and intense heatwaves, hawkfish, and other tropical fishes must rapidly acclimate, or they may suffer physiological consequences that alter their role in the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacey C Van Wert
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jordan Gallagher
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Landfield
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Deron E Burkepile
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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9
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Alak G, Özgeriş FB, Uçar A, Parlak V, Kocaman EM, Özcan S, Atamanalp M. Effect of climate change on hematotoxicity/hepatoxicity oxidative stress, Oncorhynchus mykiss, under controlled conditions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294656. [PMID: 38032944 PMCID: PMC10688713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Described as the 'main ecological factor', temperature, strongly affects the physiological stress responses of fish. In order to evaluate the effects of temperature variations on fish culture and food value chain, the present study was designed as a climate change model. Furthermore, the present study provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the environmentally induced changes. In this direction, we examined the blood physiology and oxidative stress responses induced by temperature variation in the rainbow trout, a temperature-sensitive cold-water fish. The obtained results showed that climate changes promoted the inhibited activities' expressions and the development of potential tissue and hematological defense mechanisms against temperature-induced toxic damage. This study showed that climate change could be a subset of the studies on the stress physiology in aquaculture, which can be developed for new experimental designs and research collaborations. Furthermore, it highlights knowledge gaps to guide future research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Alak
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Fatma Betül Özgeriş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Arzu Uçar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Esat Mahmut Kocaman
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Sinan Özcan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
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10
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Trueman CN, Artetxe-Arrate I, Kerr LA, Meijers AJS, Rooker JR, Sivankutty R, Arrizabalaga H, Belmonte A, Deguara S, Goñi N, Rodriguez-Marin E, Dettman DL, Santos MN, Karakulak FS, Tinti F, Tsukahara Y, Fraile I. Thermal sensitivity of field metabolic rate predicts differential futures for bluefin tuna juveniles across the Atlantic Ocean. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7379. [PMID: 38012173 PMCID: PMC10682405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41930-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing environmental temperatures impact the physiological performance of fishes, and consequently their distributions. A mechanistic understanding of the linkages between experienced temperature and the physiological response expressed within complex natural environments is often lacking, hampering efforts to project impacts especially when future conditions exceed previous experience. In this study, we use natural chemical tracers to determine the individual experienced temperatures and expressed field metabolic rates of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) during their first year of life. Our findings reveal that the tuna exhibit a preference for temperatures 2-4 °C lower than those that maximise field metabolic rates, thereby avoiding temperatures warm enough to limit metabolic performance. Based on current IPCC projections, our results indicate that historically-important spawning and nursery grounds for bluefin tuna will become thermally limiting due to warming within the next 50 years. However, limiting global warming to below 2 °C would preserve habitat conditions in the Mediterranean Sea for this species. Our approach, which is based on field observations, provides predictions of animal performance and behaviour that are not constrained by laboratory conditions, and can be extended to any marine teleost species for which otoliths are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive N Trueman
- Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO143ZH, UK.
| | - Iraide Artetxe-Arrate
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Lisa A Kerr
- University of Maine, Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial Street, Portland, ME, 04101, USA
| | - Andrew J S Meijers
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Jay R Rooker
- Department of Marine Biology, Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, TX, 77554, USA
| | - Rahul Sivankutty
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Haritz Arrizabalaga
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Antonio Belmonte
- TAXON Estudios Ambientales S.L. C/Uruguay s/n, 30820, Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Simeon Deguara
- AquaBio Tech Ltd., Central Complex, Mosta, MST1761, Malta
| | - Nicolas Goñi
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Enrique Rodriguez-Marin
- Centro Oceanográfico de Santander (COST-IEO). Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IEO-CSIC), C/ Severiano Ballesteros 16, 39004, Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - David L Dettman
- Environmental Isotope Laboratory, Dept. of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Miguel Neves Santos
- Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Olhão, Portugal. Currently at ICCAT Secretariat, Calle Corazón de Maria 8, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - F Saadet Karakulak
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34134, Turkey
| | - Fausto Tinti
- Dept. Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, via Sant'Alberto, 163 - 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Yohei Tsukahara
- Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
| | - Igaratza Fraile
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110, Pasaia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
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11
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Kraskura K, Hardison EA, Eliason EJ. Body size and temperature affect metabolic and cardiac thermal tolerance in fish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17900. [PMID: 37857749 PMCID: PMC10587238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental warming is associated with reductions in ectotherm body sizes, suggesting that larger individuals may be more vulnerable to climate change. The mechanisms driving size-specific vulnerability to temperature are unknown but are required to finetune predictions of fisheries productivity and size-structure community responses to climate change. We explored the potential metabolic and cardiac mechanisms underlying these body size vulnerability trends in a eurythermal fish, barred surfperch. We acutely exposed surfperch across a large size range (5-700 g) to four ecologically relevant temperatures (16 °C, 12 °C, 20 °C, and 22 °C) and subsequently, measured their metabolic capacity (absolute and factorial aerobic scopes, maximum and resting metabolic rates; AAS, FAS, MMR, RMR). Additionally, we estimated the fish's cardiac thermal tolerance by measuring their maximum heart rates (fHmax) across acutely increasing temperatures. Barred surfperch had parallel hypoallometric scaling of MMR and RMR (exponent 0.81) and a weaker hypoallometric scaling of fHmax (exponent - 0.05) across all test temperatures. In contrast to our predictions, the fish's aerobic capacity was maintained across sizes and acute temperatures, and larger fish had greater cardiac thermal tolerance than smaller fish. These results demonstrate that thermal performance may be limited by different physiological constraints depending on the size of the animal and species of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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12
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Burggren WW, Mendez-Sanchez JF. "Bet hedging" against climate change in developing and adult animals: roles for stochastic gene expression, phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic inheritance and adaptation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1245875. [PMID: 37869716 PMCID: PMC10588650 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1245875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals from embryos to adults experiencing stress from climate change have numerous mechanisms available for enhancing their long-term survival. In this review we consider these options, and how viable they are in a world increasingly experiencing extreme weather associated with climate change. A deeply understood mechanism involves natural selection, leading to evolution of new adaptations that help cope with extreme and stochastic weather events associated with climate change. While potentially effective at staving off environmental challenges, such adaptations typically occur very slowly and incrementally over evolutionary time. Consequently, adaptation through natural selection is in most instances regarded as too slow to aid survival in rapidly changing environments, especially when considering the stochastic nature of extreme weather events associated with climate change. Alternative mechanisms operating in a much shorter time frame than adaptation involve the rapid creation of alternate phenotypes within a life cycle or a few generations. Stochastic gene expression creates multiple phenotypes from the same genotype even in the absence of environmental cues. In contrast, other mechanisms for phenotype change that are externally driven by environmental clues include well-understood developmental phenotypic plasticity (variation, flexibility), which can enable rapid, within-generation changes. Increasingly appreciated are epigenetic influences during development leading to rapid phenotypic changes that can also immediately be very widespread throughout a population, rather than confined to a few individuals as in the case of favorable gene mutations. Such epigenetically-induced phenotypic plasticity can arise rapidly in response to stressors within a generation or across a few generations and just as rapidly be "sunsetted" when the stressor dissipates, providing some capability to withstand environmental stressors emerging from climate change. Importantly, survival mechanisms resulting from adaptations and developmental phenotypic plasticity are not necessarily mutually exclusive, allowing for classic "bet hedging". Thus, the appearance of multiple phenotypes within a single population provides for a phenotype potentially optimal for some future environment. This enhances survival during stochastic extreme weather events associated with climate change. Finally, we end with recommendations for future physiological experiments, recommending in particular that experiments investigating phenotypic flexibility adopt more realistic protocols that reflect the stochastic nature of weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W. Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jose Fernando Mendez-Sanchez
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico
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13
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Sandrelli RM, Gamperl AK. The upper temperature and hypoxia limits of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) depend greatly on the method utilized. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246227. [PMID: 37622446 PMCID: PMC10560559 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Atlantic salmon were: (i) implanted with heart rate (fH) data storage tags (DSTs), pharmacologically stimulated to maximum fH, and warmed at 10°C h-1 (i.e. tested using a 'rapid screening protocol'); (ii) fitted with Doppler® flow probes, recovered in respirometers and given a critical thermal maximum (CTmax) test at 2°C h-1; and (iii) implanted with fH DSTs, recovered in a tank with conspecifics for 4 weeks, and had their CTmax determined at 2°C h-1. Fish in respirometers and those free-swimming were also exposed to a stepwise decrease in water oxygen level (100% to 30% air saturation) to determine the oxygen level at which bradycardia occurred. Resting fH was much lower in free-swimming fish than in those in respirometers (∼49 versus 69 beats min-1) and this was reflected in their scope for fH (∼104 versus 71 beats min-1) and CTmax (27.7 versus 25.9°C). Further, the Arrhenius breakpoint temperature and temperature at peak fH for free-swimming fish were considerably greater than for those tested in the respirometers and given a rapid screening protocol (18.4, 18.1 and 14.6°C; and 26.5, 23.2 and 20.2°C, respectively). Finally, the oxygen level at which bradycardia occurred was significantly higher in free-swimming salmon than in those in respirometers (∼62% versus 53% air saturation). These results: highlight the limitations of some lab-based methods of determining fH parameters and thermal tolerance in fishes; and suggest that scope for fH may be a more reliable and predictive measure of a fish's upper thermal tolerance than their peak fH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah M. Sandrelli
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John's, NL, Canada, A1C 5S7
| | - A. Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St John's, NL, Canada, A1C 5S7
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14
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Prinzing TS, Bigman JS, Skelton ZR, Dulvy NK, Wegner NC. The allometric scaling of oxygen supply and demand in the California horn shark, Heterodontus francisci. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb246054. [PMID: 37493039 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The gill surface area of aquatic ectotherms is thought to be closely linked to the ontogenetic scaling of metabolic rate, a relationship that is often used to explain and predict ecological patterns across species. However, there are surprisingly few within-species tests of whether metabolic rate and gill area scale similarly. We examined the relationship between oxygen supply (gill area) and demand (metabolic rate) by making paired estimates of gill area with resting and maximum metabolic rates across ontogeny in the relatively inactive California horn shark, Heterodontus francisci. We found that the allometric slope of resting metabolic rate was 0.966±0.058 (±95% CI), whereas that of maximum metabolic rate was somewhat steeper (1.073±0.040). We also discovered that the scaling of gill area shifted with ontogeny: the allometric slope of gill area was shallower in individuals <0.203 kg in body mass (0.564±0.261), but increased to 1.012±0.113 later in life. This appears to reflect changes in demand for gill-oxygen uptake during egg case development and immediately post hatch, whereas for most of ontogeny, gill area scales in between that of resting and maximum metabolic rate. These relationships differ from predictions of the gill oxygen limitation theory, which argues that the allometric scaling of gill area constrains metabolic processes. Thus, for the California horn shark, metabolic rate does not appear limited by theoretical surface-area-to-volume ratio constraints of gill area. These results highlight the importance of data from paired and size-matched individuals when comparing physiological scaling relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya S Prinzing
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Jennifer S Bigman
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Zachary R Skelton
- Ocean Associates Inc., under contract to Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas K Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6
| | - Nicholas C Wegner
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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15
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Zargari A, Nejatian M, Abbaszadeh S, Jahanbin K, Bagheri T, Hedayati A, Sheykhi M. Modulation of toxicity effects of CuSO 4 by sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown algae (Sargassum tenerrimum) in Danio rerio as a model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11429. [PMID: 37454230 PMCID: PMC10349887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is widely used in agriculture and aquaculture due to its high disinfection properties and relatively low cost. However, the increase in copper concentration due to evaporation can lead to water reservoir pollution, which can harm the health of consumers. The present study aimed to determine the role of sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) extracted from Sargassum tenerimum algae in reducing lesions caused by the heavy metal copper. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used as a human model in five treatments. The negative and positive control groups were fed a diet containing zero percent of SPs, while the experimental groups were fed 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% of SPs in three treatments for 56 days, finally CuSO4 was exposed only to the positive control group and the groups fed with SPs. Results showed a significant decrease in the activity level of ALT enzymes (39-16 U/mL), AST (67-46 U/mL), and ALP (485-237 U/mL), confirming the results obtained from histopathological studies in CuSO4 exposed groups. The addition of SPs to the diet resulted in a significant reduction (sig < 0.05) of mortalities due to the decrease of tissue damage. Additionally, due to the anti-inflammatory properties and the protective effect of SPs, a significant decrease (sig < 0.05) was observed in the relative expression of Il-1β and Tnf-α genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Zargari
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nejatian
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Jahanbin
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Tahereh Bagheri
- Offshore Water Research Center (OWRC), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Chabahar, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Monireh Sheykhi
- Student Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Seebacher F, Narayan E, Rummer JL, Tomlinson S, Cooke SJ. How can physiology best contribute to wildlife conservation in a warming world? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad038. [PMID: 37287992 PMCID: PMC10243909 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is now predicted to exceed 1.5°C by 2033 and 2°C by the end of the 21st century. This level of warming and the associated environmental variability are already increasing pressure on natural and human systems. Here we emphasize the role of physiology in the light of the latest assessment of climate warming by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. We describe how physiology can contribute to contemporary conservation programmes. We focus on thermal responses of animals, but we acknowledge that the impacts of climate change are much broader phylogenetically and environmentally. A physiological contribution would encompass environmental monitoring, coupled with measuring individual sensitivities to temperature change and upscaling these to ecosystem level. The latest version of the widely accepted Conservation Standards designed by the Conservation Measures Partnership includes several explicit climate change considerations. We argue that physiology has a unique role to play in addressing these considerations. Moreover, physiology can be incorporated by institutions and organizations that range from international bodies to national governments and to local communities, and in doing so, it brings a mechanistic approach to conservation and the management of biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Edward Narayan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia QLD4072, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- College of Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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17
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Somo DA, Chu K, Richards JG. Gill surface area allometry does not constrain the body mass scaling of maximum oxygen uptake rate in the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus. J Comp Physiol B 2023:10.1007/s00360-023-01490-9. [PMID: 37149515 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The gill oxygen limitation hypothesis (GOLH) suggests that hypometric scaling of metabolic rate in fishes is a consequence of oxygen supply constraints imposed by the mismatched growth rates of gill surface area (a two-dimensional surface) and body mass (a three-dimensional volume). GOLH may, therefore, explain the size-dependent spatial distribution of fish in temperature- and oxygen-variable environments through size-dependent respiratory capacity, but this question is unstudied. We tested GOLH in the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus, a species in which body mass decreases with increasing temperature- and oxygen-variability in the intertidal, a pattern consistent with GOLH. We statistically evaluated support for GOLH versus distributed control of [Formula: see text] allometry by comparing scaling coefficients for gill surface area, standard and maximum [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text],Standard and [Formula: see text],Max, respectively), ventricle mass, hematocrit, and metabolic enzyme activities in white muscle. To empirically evaluate whether there is a proximate constraint on oxygen supply capacity with increasing body mass, we measured [Formula: see text],Max across a range of Po2s from normoxia to Pcrit, calculated the regulation value (R), a measure of oxyregulatory capacity, and analyzed the R-body mass relationship. In contrast with GOLH, gill surface area scaling either matched or was more than sufficient to meet [Formula: see text] demands with increasing body mass and R did not change with body mass. Ventricle mass (b = 1.22) scaled similarly to [Formula: see text],Max (b = 1.18) suggesting a possible role for the heart in the scaling of [Formula: see text],Max. Together our results do not support GOLH as a mechanism structuring the distribution of O. maculosus and suggest distributed control of oxyregulatory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Somo
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Ken Chu
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G Richards
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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18
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Desforges JE, Birnie-Gauvin K, Jutfelt F, Gilmour KM, Eliason EJ, Dressler TL, McKenzie DJ, Bates AE, Lawrence MJ, Fangue N, Cooke SJ. The ecological relevance of critical thermal maxima methodology for fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1000-1016. [PMID: 36880500 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Critical thermal maxima methodology (CTM) has been used to infer acute upper thermal tolerance in fishes since the 1950s, yet its ecological relevance remains debated. In this study, the authors synthesize evidence to identify methodological concerns and common misconceptions that have limited the interpretation of critical thermal maximum (CTmax ; value for an individual fish during one trial) in ecological and evolutionary studies of fishes. They identified limitations of, and opportunities for, using CTmax as a metric in experiments, focusing on rates of thermal ramping, acclimation regimes, thermal safety margins, methodological endpoints, links to performance traits and repeatability. Care must be taken when interpreting CTM in ecological contexts, because the protocol was originally designed for ecotoxicological research with standardized methods to facilitate comparisons within study individuals, across species and contexts. CTM can, however, be used in ecological contexts to predict impacts of environmental warming, but only if parameters influencing thermal limits, such as acclimation temperature or rate of thermal ramping, are taken into account. Applications can include mitigating the effects of climate change, informing infrastructure planning or modelling species distribution, adaptation and/or performance in response to climate-related temperature change. The authors' synthesis points to several key directions for future research that will further aid the application and interpretation of CTM data in ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Desforges
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Erika J Eliason
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Terra L Dressler
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael J Lawrence
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nann Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Tigert LR, Porteus CS. Invited review - the effects of anthropogenic abiotic stressors on the sensory systems of fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 277:111366. [PMID: 36586568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is a growing global issue with many countries and institutions declaring a climate state of emergency. Excess CO2 from anthropogenic sources and changes in land use practices are contributing to many detrimental changes, including increased global temperatures, ocean acidification and hypoxic zones along coastal habitats. All senses are important for aquatic animals, as it is how they can perceive and respond to their environment. Some of these environmental challenges have been shown to impair their sensory systems, including the olfactory, visual, and auditory systems. While most of the research is focused on how ocean acidification affects olfaction, there is also evidence that it negatively affects vision and hearing. The effects that temperature and hypoxia have on the senses have also been investigated, but to a much lesser extent in comparison to ocean acidification. This review assembles the known information on how these anthropogenic challenges affect the sensory systems of fishes, but also highlights what gaps in knowledge remain with suggestions for immediate action. Olfaction, vision, otolith, pH, freshwater, seawater, marine, central nervous system, electrophysiology, mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam R Tigert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Cosima S Porteus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. https://twitter.com/cosimaporteus
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20
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McPhee D, Watson JR, Harding DJ, Prior A, Fawcett JH, Franklin CE, Cramp RL. Body size dictates physiological and behavioural responses to hypoxia and elevated water temperatures in Murray cod ( Maccullochella peelii). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coac087. [PMID: 36726863 PMCID: PMC9885741 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing drought frequency and duration pose a significant threat to fish species in dryland river systems. As ectotherms, fish thermal and hypoxia tolerances directly determine the capacity of species to persist in these environments during low flow periods when water temperatures are high and waterbodies become highly stratified. Chronic thermal stress can compound the impacts of acute hypoxic events on fish resulting in significant fish mortality; however, it is not known if all size classes are equally susceptible, or if the allometric scaling of physiological processes means some size classes are disproportionately affected. We investigated the physiological responses of Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) over a four-fold body size range (0.2-3000 g) to acute changes in water temperature and oxygen concentration following 4 weeks of acclimation to representative spring (20°C) and summer (28°C) water temperatures. We recorded maximum thermal tolerance (CT max), oxygen limited thermal tolerance (PCTmax ), lowest tolerable oxygen level (as the oxygen level at which lose equilibrium; O2,LOE), gill ventilation rates and aerial surface respiration threshold, blood oxygen transport capacity and lactate accumulation. Acclimation to elevated water temperatures improved thermal and hypoxia tolerance metrics across all size classes. However, body size significantly affected thermal and hypoxia responses. Small M. peelii were significantly less hypoxia tolerant than larger individuals, while larger fish were significantly less thermal tolerant than smaller fish. Hypoxia constrained thermal tolerance in M. peelii, with both small and large fish disproportionally compromised relative to mid-sized fish. Our findings indicate that both very small/young (larvae, fry, fingerlings) and very large/older M. peelii in dryland rivers are at significant risk from the combined impacts of a warming and drying climate and water extraction. These data will inform policy decisions that serve to balance competing demands on precious freshwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren McPhee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jabin R Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Doug J Harding
- Queensland Department of Regional Development, Manufacturing and Water, 203 Tor St., Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Andrea Prior
- Queensland Department of Regional Development, Manufacturing and Water, 203 Tor St., Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - James H Fawcett
- Queensland Department of Regional Development, Manufacturing and Water, 203 Tor St., Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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21
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Anttila K, Mauduit F, Kanerva M, Götting M, Nikinmaa M, Claireaux G. Cardiovascular oxygen transport and peripheral oxygen extraction capacity contribute to acute heat tolerance in European seabass. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111340. [PMID: 36347467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether different parameters describing cardiovascular function, energy metabolism, oxygen transport and oxidative stress were related to the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and if there were differential changes in these parameters during and after heat shock in animals with different CTMAX in order to characterize which physiological features make seabass vulnerable to heat waves. Seabass (n = 621) were tested for CTMAX and the physiological parameters were measured in individuals with good or poor temperature tolerance before and after a heat shock (change in temperature from 15 °C to 28 °C in 1.5 h). Fish with good thermal tolerance had larger ventricles with higher maximal heart rate during the heat shock than individuals with poor tolerance. Furthermore, they initially had a high ventricular Ca2+-ATPase activity, which was reduced to a similar level as in fish with poor tolerance following heat shock. The activity of heart lactate dehydrogenase increased in fish with high tolerance, when they were exposed to heat shock, while the aerobic enzyme activity did not differ between groups. The tolerant individuals had smaller red muscle fibers with higher myoglobin content than the poorly tolerant ones. The poorly tolerant individuals had higher hematocrit, which increased with heat shock in both groups. The poorly tolerant individuals had also higher activity of enzymes related to oxidative stress especially after heat shock. In general, CTMAX was not depending on merely one physiological factor but several organ and cellular parameters were related to the CTMAX of seabass and when working in combination they might protect the highly tolerant seabass from future heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Anttila
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Florian Mauduit
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Götting
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, Plouzané 29280, France
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22
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Morley SA, Chu JWF, Peck LS, Bates AE. Temperatures leading to heat escape responses in Antarctic marine ectotherms match acute thermal limits. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1077376. [PMID: 36620208 PMCID: PMC9814484 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1077376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal tolerance windows are key indicators of the range of temperatures tolerated by animals and therefore, a measure of resilience to climate change. In the ocean, where ectotherms are immersed, body temperatures are tightly coupled to environmental temperature and species have few options for thermoregulation. However, mobile species do have the ability to orientate towards optimal temperatures and move away from sub-optimal or dangerous temperatures. Escape responses are one such locomotory behavior, which typically manifests as a series of violent flicking movements that move individuals out of dangerous environments. We tested 11 species of Antarctic marine ectotherms, from one of the most stable shallow water marine environments, with an annual temperature range of -2°C to +2°C, that are vulnerable to small degrees of warming. Three species, the clam Laternula elliptica, the sea cucumber Cucumaria georgiana, and the brittlestar Ophionotus victoriae, showed no, or virtually no, escape response to temperature. Escape responses from a further eight species had a median response temperature of 11.2 (interquartile range, 10°C-15.7°C), which is well above current environmental temperatures but close to the range for acute lethal limits of Antarctic marine ectotherms (CTmax range, 17.2°C-26.6°C). This highlights that both acute tolerance limits and escape responses, fall outside current environmental temperatures, but also those predicted for 100s of years in the Southern Ocean. In a warmer Southern Ocean Antarctic fauna may not have the capacity to use temperature to select optimal thermal conditions, which leaves adaptation as a primary mechanism for their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Morley
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: S. A. Morley,
| | - J. W. F. Chu
- Pacific Enterprise Science Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - L. S. Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A. E. Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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23
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Blasco FR, Taylor EW, Leite CAC, Monteiro DA, Rantin FT, McKenzie DJ. Tolerance of an acute warming challenge declines with body mass in Nile tilapia: evidence of a link to capacity for oxygen uptake. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:276171. [PMID: 35909333 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that larger individuals within fish species may be more sensitive to global warming, due to limitations in their capacity to provide oxygen for aerobic metabolic activities. This could affect size distributions of populations in a warmer world but evidence is lacking. In Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (n=18, mass range 21 - 313g), capacity to provide oxygen for aerobic activities (aerobic scope) was independent of mass at an acclimation temperature of 26 °C. Tolerance of acute warming, however, declined significantly with mass when evaluated as the critical temperature for fatigue from aerobic swimming (CTSmax). The CTSmax protocol challenges a fish to meet the oxygen demands of constant aerobic exercise while their demands for basal metabolism are accelerated by incremental warming, culminating in fatigue. CTSmax elicited pronounced increases in oxygen uptake in the tilapia but the maximum rates achieved prior to fatigue declined very significantly with mass. Mass-related variation in CTSmax and maximum oxygen uptake rates were positively correlated, which may indicate a causal relationship. When fish populations are faced with acute thermal stress, larger individuals may become constrained in their ability to perform aerobic activities at lower temperatures than smaller conspecifics. This could affect survival and fitness of larger fish in a future world with more frequent and extreme heatwaves, with consequences for population productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Blasco
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos (SP), Brazil.,Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 14801-903, Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - E W Taylor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos (SP), Brazil.,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - C A C Leite
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - D A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - F T Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos (SP), Brazil
| | - D J McKenzie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos (SP), Brazil.,MARBEC, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095 Montpellier, France
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24
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Thorstensen MJ, Turko AJ, Heath DD, Jeffries KM, Pitcher TE. Acute thermal stress elicits interactions between gene expression and alternative splicing in a fish of conservation concern. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275812. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptomic research provides a mechanistic understanding of an organism's response to environmental challenges such as increasing temperatures, which can provide key insights into the threats posed by thermal challenges associated with urbanization and climate change. Differential gene expression and alternative splicing are two elements of the transcriptomic stress response that may work in tandem, but relatively few studies have investigated these interactions in fishes of conservation concern. We studied the imperilled redside dace (Clinostomus elongatus) as thermal stress is hypothesised to be an important cause of population declines. We tested the hypothesis that gene expression-splicing interactions contribute to the thermal stress response. Wild fish exposed to acute thermal stress were compared with both handling controls and fish sampled directly from a river. Liver tissue was sampled to study the transcriptomic stress response. With a gene set enrichment analysis, we found that thermally stressed fish showed a transcriptional response related to transcription regulation and responses to unfolded proteins, and alternatively spliced genes related to gene expression regulation and metabolism. One splicing factor, prpf38b, was upregulated in the thermally stressed group compared to the other treatments. This splicing factor may have a role in the Jun/AP-1 cellular stress response, a pathway with wide-ranging and context-dependent effects. Given large gene interaction networks and the context-dependent nature of transcriptional responses, our results highlight the importance of understanding interactions between gene expression and splicing for understanding transcriptomic responses to thermal stress. Our results also reveal transcriptional pathways that can inform conservation breeding, translocation, and reintroduction programs for redside dace and other imperilled species by identifying appropriate source populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J. Thorstensen
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Andy J. Turko
- 2 Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- 3 Department of Integrative Biology & Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Daniel D. Heath
- 3 Department of Integrative Biology & Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ken M. Jeffries
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Trevor E. Pitcher
- 3 Department of Integrative Biology & Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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25
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Luis Val A, Wood CM. Global change and physiological challenges for fish of the Amazon today and in the near future. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275450. [PMID: 35582942 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.216440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amazonia is home to 15% (>2700, in 18 orders) of all the freshwater fish species of the world, many endemic to the region, has 65 million years of evolutionary history and accounts for 20% of all freshwater discharge to the oceans. These characteristics make Amazonia a unique region in the world. We review the geological history of the environment, its current biogeochemistry and the evolutionary forces that led to the present endemic fish species that are distributed amongst three very different water types: black waters [acidic, ion-poor, rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC)], white waters (circumneutral, particle-rich) and clear waters (circumneutral, ion-poor, DOC-poor). The annual flood pulse is the major ecological driver for fish, providing feeding, breeding and migration opportunities, and profoundly affecting O2, CO2 and DOC regimes. Owing to climate change and other anthropogenic pressures such as deforestation, pollution and governmental mismanagement, Amazonia is now in crisis. The environment is becoming hotter and drier, and more intense and frequent flood pulses are now occurring, with greater variation between high and low water levels. Current projections are that Amazon waters of the near future will be even hotter, more acidic, darker (i.e. more DOC, more suspended particles), higher in ions, higher in CO2 and lower in O2, with many synergistic effects. We review current physiological information on Amazon fish, focusing on temperature tolerance and ionoregulatory strategies for dealing with acidic and ion-poor environments. We also discuss the influences of DOC and particles on gill function, the effects of high dissolved CO2 and low dissolved O2, with emphasis on water- versus air-breathing mechanisms, and strategies for pH compensation. We conclude that future elevations in water temperature will be the most critical factor, eliminating many species. Climate change will likely favour predominantly water-breathing species with low routine metabolic rates, low temperature sensitivity of routine metabolic rates, high anaerobic capacity, high hypoxia tolerance and high thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Luis Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Brazil, 69080-971
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaV6T 1Z4.,Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8S 4K1
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26
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Almeida J, Lopes AR, Ribeiro L, Castanho S, Candeias-Mendes A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Faria AM. Effects of exposure to elevated temperature and different food levels on the escape response and metabolism of early life stages of white seabream, Diplodus sargus. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac023. [PMID: 35586725 PMCID: PMC9109722 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent literature suggests that anthropogenic stressors can disrupt ecologically relevant behaviours in fish, such as the ability to escape from predators. Disruption of these behaviours at critical life history transitions, such as the transition from the pelagic environment to the juvenile/adult habitat, may have even greater repercussions. The literature suggests that an increase in temperature can affect fish escape response, as well as metabolism; however, few studies have focused on the acute sensitivity responses and the potential for acclimation through developmental plasticity. Here, we aimed at evaluating the acute and long-term effects of exposure to warming conditions on the escape response and routine metabolic rate (RMR) of early life stages of the white seabream, Diplodus sargus. Additionally, as food availability may modulate the response to warming, we further tested the effects of long-term exposure to high temperature and food shortage, as individual and interacting drivers, on escape response and RMR. Temperature treatments were adjusted to ambient temperature (19°C) and a high temperature (22°C). Feeding treatments were established as high ration and low ration (50% of high ration). Escape response and RMR were measured after the high temperature was reached (acute exposure) and after 4 weeks (prolonged exposure). Acute warming had a significant effect on escape response and generated an upward trend in RMR. In the long term, however, there seems to be an acclimation of the escape response and RMR. Food shortage, interacting with high temperature, led to an increase in latency response and a significant reduction in RMR. The current study provides relevant experimental data on fishes' behavioural and physiological responses to the combined effects of multiple stressors. This knowledge can be incorporated in recruitment models, thereby contributing to fine-tuning of models required for fisheries management and species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Almeida
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Lopes
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, 1149-041, Lisbon, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 8700-194, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Sara Castanho
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana Candeias-Mendes
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere - IPMA, Aquaculture Research Station, 1749-016, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Ana M Faria
- Corresponding author: MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA, Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal. Tel: + 351 218 811 700. E-mail:
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27
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Roche DG, Raby GD, Norin T, Ern R, Scheuffele H, Skeeles M, Morgan R, Andreassen AH, Clements JC, Louissaint S, Jutfelt F, Clark TD, Binning SA. Paths towards greater consensus building in experimental biology. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274263. [PMID: 35258604 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In a recent editorial, the Editors-in-Chief of Journal of Experimental Biology argued that consensus building, data sharing, and better integration across disciplines are needed to address the urgent scientific challenges posed by climate change. We agree and expand on the importance of cross-disciplinary integration and transparency to improve consensus building and advance climate change research in experimental biology. We investigated reproducible research practices in experimental biology through a review of open data and analysis code associated with empirical studies on three debated paradigms and for unrelated studies published in leading journals in comparative physiology and behavioural ecology over the last 10 years. Nineteen per cent of studies on the three paradigms had open data, and 3.2% had open code. Similarly, 12.1% of studies in the journals we examined had open data, and 3.1% had open code. Previous research indicates that only 50% of shared datasets are complete and re-usable, suggesting that fewer than 10% of studies in experimental biology have usable open data. Encouragingly, our results indicate that reproducible research practices are increasing over time, with data sharing rates in some journals reaching 75% in recent years. Rigorous empirical research in experimental biology is key to understanding the mechanisms by which climate change affects organisms, and ultimately promotes evidence-based conservation policy and practice. We argue that a greater adoption of open science practices, with a particular focus on FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable) data and code, represents a much-needed paradigm shift towards improved transparency, cross-disciplinary integration, and consensus building to maximize the contributions of experimental biologists in addressing the impacts of environmental change on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique G Roche
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6.,Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Graham D Raby
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9L 0G2
| | - Tommy Norin
- DTU Aqua: National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ern
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Scheuffele
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Skeeles
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Rachael Morgan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna H Andreassen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jeff C Clements
- Aquaculture and Coastal Ecosystems, Fisheries and Oceans Canada Gulf Region, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1C 9B6
| | - Sarahdghyn Louissaint
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Timothy D Clark
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Sandra A Binning
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H2V 0B3
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28
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van de Pol ILE, Hermaniuk A, Verberk WCEP. Interacting Effects of Cell Size and Temperature on Gene Expression, Growth, Development and Swimming Performance in Larval Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738804. [PMID: 34950046 PMCID: PMC8691434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell size may be important in understanding the thermal biology of ectotherms, as the regulation and consequences of cell size appear to be temperature dependent. Using a recently developed model system of triploid zebrafish (which have around 1.5-fold larger cells than their diploid counterparts) we examine the effects of cell size on gene expression, growth, development and swimming performance in zebrafish larvae at different temperatures. Both temperature and ploidy affected the expression of genes related to metabolic processes (citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase), growth and swimming performance. Temperature also increased development rate, but there was no effect of ploidy level. We did find interactive effects between ploidy and temperature for gene expression, body size and swimming performance, confirming that the consequences of cell size are temperature dependent. Triploids with larger cells performed best at cool conditions, while diploids performed better at warmer conditions. These results suggest different selection pressures on ectotherms and their cell size in cold and warm habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Louise Eleonora van de Pol
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Adam Hermaniuk
- Department of Evolutionary and Physiological Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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29
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In Vitro Fish Models for the Analysis of Ecotoxins and Temperature Increase in the Context of Global Warming. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110286. [PMID: 34822677 PMCID: PMC8618082 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures can affect fish survival, especially from shallower waters, as temperatures increase faster and more intensively in these areas; thus, species-specific temperature tolerance can be exceeded. Additionally, the amounts of anthropogenic pollutants are higher in coastal waters. Although increasing metabolic activity at higher temperatures could lead to stronger effects of toxins, there are hardly any studies on this topic. Subsequently, the aim was to investigate the response of fish cells upon exposure to industrial solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) in relation to a temperature increase (20 °C and 25 °C). Concerning the 3Rs (the replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments), in vitro tests were used for two threatened, vulnerable fish species: maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) and Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus). Both cell lines exhibited higher proliferation at 25 °C. However, ecotoxicological results indicated significant differences regarding the cell line, toxin, temperature and exposure time. The evolutionarily older fish lineage, Atlantic sturgeon, demonstrated lower mortality rates in the presence of isopropanol and recovered better during long-term ethanol exposure than the maraena whitefish. Atlantic sturgeon cells have higher adaptation potential for these alcohols. In summary, fish species respond very specifically to toxins and changes in temperature, and new ecotoxicological questions arise with increasing water temperatures.
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30
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Monteiro DA, Kalinin AL, Rantin FT, McKenzie DJ. Use of complex physiological traits as ecotoxicological biomarkers in tropical freshwater fishes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 335:745-760. [PMID: 34529366 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We review the use of complex physiological traits, of tolerance and performance, as biomarkers of the toxicological effects of contaminants in subtropical and tropical freshwater fishes. Such traits are growing in relevance due to climate change, as exposure to contaminants may influence the capacity of fishes to tolerate and perform in an increasingly stressful environment. We review the evidence that the critical oxygen level, a measure of hypoxia tolerance, provides a valuable biomarker of impacts of diverse classes of contaminants. When coupled with measures of cardiorespiratory variables, it can provide insight into mechanisms of toxicity. The critical thermal maximum, a simple measure of tolerance of acute warming, also provides a valuable biomarker despite a lack of understanding of its mechanistic basis. Its relative ease of application renders it useful in the rapid evaluation of multiple species, and in understanding how the severity of contaminant impacts depends upon prevailing environmental temperature. The critical swimming speed is a measure of exercise performance that is widely used as a biomarker in temperate species but very few studies have been performed on subtropical or tropical fishes. Overall, the review serves to highlight a critical lack of knowledge for subtropical and tropical freshwater fishes. There is a real need to expand the knowledge base and to use physiological biomarkers in support of decision making to manage tropical freshwater fish populations and their habitats, which sustain rich biodiversity but are under relentless anthropogenic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Tadeu Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David J McKenzie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- UMR Marbec, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
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31
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Fiksen Ø, Reglero P. Atlantic bluefin tuna spawn early to avoid metabolic meltdown in larvae. Ecology 2021; 103:e03568. [PMID: 34674266 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To predict shifts in phenology and distribution of organisms we need to understand how survival through early life stages depends on environmental conditions. Here, we present a mechanistic model of development, feeding and bioenergetics of early life stages in bluefin tuna and predict the optimal time of the year for them to be born. We find that the availability of prey, particularly nauplii, is sufficient for fast growth in tuna larvae while temperature is moderate during midsummer, but not when temperatures increase later in summer. High temperatures benefit egg and yolk-sac stages, but the metabolic needs of feeding larvae are hard to sustain during the warmest periods. Heatwaves, such as the one in 2003, increase larval survival potential, but shorten the viable part of the season for the larvae. Atlantic bluefin tuna is a large, highly migratory marine top predator that spawns while temperatures are rising, but before the heat leads to a metabolic meltdown in larvae. This means that food resources modulate how temperature change shifts optimal phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Fiksen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Patricia Reglero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO, CSIC), 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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32
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Mandic M, Joyce W, Perry SF. The evolutionary and physiological significance of the Hif pathway in teleost fishes. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272213. [PMID: 34533194 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.231936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway is a key regulator of cellular O2 homeostasis and an important orchestrator of the physiological responses to hypoxia (low O2) in vertebrates. Fish can be exposed to significant and frequent changes in environmental O2, and increases in Hif-α (the hypoxia-sensitive subunit of the transcription factor Hif) have been documented in a number of species as a result of a decrease in O2. Here, we discuss the impact of the Hif pathway on the hypoxic response and the contribution to hypoxia tolerance, particularly in fishes of the cyprinid lineage, which includes the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The cyprinids are of specific interest because, unlike in most other fishes, duplicated paralogs of the Hif-α isoforms arising from a teleost-specific genome duplication event have been retained. Positive selection has acted on the duplicated paralogs of the Hif-α isoforms in some cyprinid sub-families, pointing to adaptive evolutionary change in the paralogs. Thus, cyprinids are valuable models for exploring the evolutionary significance and physiological impact of the Hif pathway on the hypoxic response. Knockout in zebrafish of either paralog of Hif-1α greatly reduces hypoxia tolerance, indicating the importance of both paralogs to the hypoxic response. Here, with an emphasis on the cardiorespiratory system, we focus on the role of Hif-1α in the hypoxic ventilatory response and the regulation of cardiac function. We explore the effects of the duration of the hypoxic exposure (acute, sustained or intermittent) on the impact of Hif-1α on cardiorespiratory function and compare relevant data with those from mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Mandic
- Department of Animal Science, 2251 Meyer Hall, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William Joyce
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5.,Department of Biology - Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steve F Perry
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5
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Gamperl AK, Syme DA. Temperature effects on the contractile performance and efficiency of oxidative muscle from a eurythermal versus a stenothermal salmonid. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb242487. [PMID: 34350949 PMCID: PMC8353165 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We compared the thermal sensitivity of oxidative muscle function between the eurythermal Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the more stenothermal Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus; which prefers cooler waters). Power output was measured in red skeletal muscle strips and myocardial trabeculae, and efficiency (net work/energy consumed) was measured for trabeculae, from cold (6°C) and warm (15°C) acclimated fish at temperatures from 2 to 26°C. The mass-specific net power produced by char red muscle was greater than in salmon, by 2-to 5-fold depending on test temperature. Net power first increased, then decreased, when the red muscle of 6°C-acclimated char was exposed to increasing temperature. Acclimation to 15°C significantly impaired mass-specific power in char (by ∼40-50%) from 2 to 15°C, but lessened its relative decrease between 15 and 26°C. In contrast, maximal net power increased, and then plateaued, with increasing temperature in salmon from both acclimation groups. Increasing test temperature resulted in a ∼3- to 5-fold increase in maximal net power produced by ventricular trabeculae in all groups, and this effect was not influenced by acclimation temperature. Nonetheless, lengthening power was higher in trabeculae from warm-acclimated char, and char trabeculae could not contract as fast as those from salmon. Finally, the efficiency of myocardial net work was approximately 2-fold greater in 15°C-acclimated salmon than char (∼15 versus 7%), and highest at 20°C in salmon. This study provides several mechanistic explanations as to their inter-specific difference in upper thermal tolerance, and potentially why southern char populations are being negatively impacted by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, CanadaA1C 5S7
| | - Douglas A. Syme
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, CanadaT2N 1N4
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Hypoxia Performance Curve: Assess a Whole-Organism Metabolic Shift from a Maximum Aerobic Capacity towards a Glycolytic Capacity in Fish. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070447. [PMID: 34357341 PMCID: PMC8307916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utility of measuring whole-animal performance to frame the metabolic response to environmental hypoxia is well established. Progressively reducing ambient oxygen (O2) will initially limit maximum metabolic rate as a result of a hypoxemic state and ultimately lead to a time-limited, tolerance state supported by substrate-level phosphorylation when the O2 supply can no longer meet basic needs (standard metabolic rate, SMR). The metabolic consequences of declining ambient O2 were conceptually framed for fishes initially by Fry's hypoxic performance curve, which characterizes the hypoxemic state and its consequences to absolute aerobic scope (AAS), and Hochachka's concept of scope for hypoxic survival, which characterizes time-limited life when SMR cannot be supported by O2 supply. Yet, despite these two conceptual frameworks, the toolbox to assess whole-animal metabolic performance remains rather limited. Here, we briefly review the ongoing debate concerning the need to standardize the most commonly used assessments of respiratory performance in hypoxic fishes, namely critical O2 (the ambient O2 level below which maintenance metabolism cannot be sustained) and the incipient lethal O2 (the ambient O2 level at which a fish loses the ability to maintain upright equilibrium), and then we advance the idea that the most useful addition to the toolbox will be the limiting-O2 concentration (LOC) performance curve. Using Fry & Hart's (1948) hypoxia performance curve concept, an LOC curve was subsequently developed as an eco-physiological framework by Neil et al. and derived for a group of fish during a progressive hypoxia trial by Claireaux and Lagardère (1999). In the present review, we show how only minor modifications to available respirometry tools and techniques are needed to generate an LOC curve for individual fish. This individual approach to the LOC curve determination then increases its statistical robustness and importantly opens up the possibility of examining individual variability. Moreover, if peak aerobic performance at a given ambient O2 level of each individual is expressed as a percentage of its AAS, the water dissolved O2 that supports 50% of the individual's AAS (DOAAS-50) can be interpolated much like the P50 for an O2 hemoglobin dissociation curve (when hemoglobin is 50% saturated with O2). Thus, critical O2, incipient lethal O2, DOAAS-50 and P50 and can be directly compared within and across species. While an LOC curve for individual fish represents a start to an ongoing need to seamlessly integrate aerobic to anaerobic capacity assessments in a single, multiplexed respirometry trial, we close with a comparative exploration of some of the known whole-organism anaerobic and aerobic capacity traits to examine for correlations among them and guide the next steps.
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Franklin CE, Hoppeler HH. Elucidating mechanism is important in forecasting the impact of a changing world on species survival. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb242284. [PMID: 33627471 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans H Hoppeler
- Department of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern, Switzerland
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