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Liu Y, Liu S, Xu ZP, Wang SY, Jiang YK, Guan W, Pan J, Kuang HX, Yang BY. Terpenoid compounds from the fruits of Solanum virginianum. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:415-420. [PMID: 37748096 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Eleven compounds were isolated and identified from ethanolic extracts of Solanum virginianum fruits, including two new compounds (1-2) and nine known compounds (3-11). Their structures were determined to be melongenaterpene C15-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (9Z)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl -hexadeca-1,6,10-triene-3,5,14,15-tetraol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), actini-dioionoside A (3), byzantionoside B (4), citroside A (5), 7Z-roseoside (6), matenoside A (7), megastigmane (8), dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), taraxerol (10), and huzhangoside C (11). In this paper, NMR spectroscopy was used to study the structures of the compounds, comparing their data with those in the literature. In addition, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was also evaluated using the RAW264.7 cell inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The terpenoids showed no significant anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Si-Yi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Kai Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Pan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Enzyme-like polyene cyclizations catalyzed by dynamic, self-assembled, supramolecular fluoro alcohol-amine clusters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:813. [PMID: 36781877 PMCID: PMC9925744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpene cyclases catalyze one of the most powerful transformations with respect to efficiency and selectivity in natural product (bio)synthesis. In such polyene cyclizations, structurally highly complex carbon scaffolds are built by the controlled ring closure of linear polyenes. Thereby, multiple C,C bonds and stereocenters are simultaneously created with high precision. Structural pre-organization of the substrate carbon chain inside the active center of the enzyme is responsible for the product- and stereoselectivity of this cyclization. Here, we show that in-situ formed fluorinated-alcohol-amine supramolecular clusters serve as artificial cyclases by triggering enzyme-like reactivity and selectivity by controlling substrate conformation in solution. Because of the dynamic nature of these supramolecular assemblies, a broad range of terpenes can be produced diastereoselectively. Mechanistic studies reveal a finely balanced interplay of fluorinated solvent, catalyst, and substrate as key to establishing nature's concept of a shape-selective polyene cyclization in organic synthesis.
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Squalene Cyclases and Cycloartenol Synthases from Polystichum polyblepharum and Six Allied Ferns. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081843. [PMID: 30042370 PMCID: PMC6222715 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferns are the most primitive of all vascular plants. One of the characteristics distinguishing them from flowering plants is its triterpene metabolism. Most cyclic triterpenes in ferns are hydrocarbons derived from the direct cyclization of squalene by squalene cyclases (SCs). Both ferns and more complex plants share sterols and biosynthetic enzymes, such as cycloartenol synthases (CASs). Polystichum belongs to Dryopteridaceae, and is one of the most species-rich of all fern genera. Several Polystichum ferns in Japan are classified as one of three possible chemotypes, based on their triterpene profiles. In this study, we describe the molecular cloning and functional characterization of cDNAs encoding a SC (PPH) and a CAS (PPX) from the type species Polystichum polyblepharum. Heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris revealed that PPH and PPX are hydroxyhopane synthase and CAS, respectively. By using the PPH and PPX sequences, we successfully isolated SC- and CAS-encoding cDNAs from six Polystichum ferns. Phylogenetic analysis, based on SCs and oxidosqualene cyclase sequences, suggested that the Polystichum subclade in the fern SC and CAS clades reflects the chemotype-but not the molecular phylogeny constructed using plastid molecular markers. These results show a possible relation between triterpenes and their biosynthetic enzymes in Polystichum.
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Baskaran XR, Geo Vigila AV, Zhang SZ, Feng SX, Liao WB. A review of the use of pteridophytes for treating human ailments. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 19:85-119. [PMID: 29405039 PMCID: PMC5833325 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the pharmacological activity of early tracheophytes (pteridophytes) as an alternative medicine for treating human ailments. As the first vascular plants, pteridophytes (aka, ferns and fern allies) are an ancient lineage, and human beings have been exploring and using taxa from this lineage for over 2000 years because of their beneficial properties. We have documented the medicinal uses of pteridophytes belonging to thirty different families. The lycophyte Selaginella sp. was shown in earlier studies to have multiple pharmacological activity, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Among all the pteridophytes examined, taxa from the Pteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Adiantaceae exhibited significant medicinal activity. Based on our review, many pteridophytes have properties that could be used in alternative medicine for treatment of various human illnesses. Biotechnological tools can be used to preserve and even improve their bioactive molecules for the preparation of medicines against illness. Even though several studies have reported medicinal uses of ferns, the possible bioactive compounds of several pteridophytes have not been identified. Furthermore, their optimal dosage level and treatment strategies still need to be determined. Finally, the future direction of pteridophyte research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier-ravi Baskaran
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | | | - Shou-zhou Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Shi-xiu Feng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden /Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518004, China
| | - Wen-bo Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Zhang J, Liu C, Huang RZ, Chen HF, Liao ZX, Sun JY, Xia XK, Wang FX. Three new C-27-carboxylated-lupane-triterpenoid derivatives from Potentilla discolor Bunge and their in vitro antitumor activities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175502. [PMID: 28388692 PMCID: PMC5384777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new lupane-triterpenoids (1-3) along with six known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the ethanolic extract of whole plant of Potentilla discolor Bunge. The structures of Compounds 1-3 were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR together with other spectrum analysis, indicating that their C-27 positions were highly oxygenated, which were rarely found in nature. Their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against HepG-2, MCF-7 and T-84 cell lines were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and the results showed different activities for three cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 17.84 to 40.64 μM. In addition, the results from Hoechst 33258 and AO/EB staining as well as annexinV-FITC assays exhibited Compound 1 caused a markedly increased HepG-2 cellular apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The further mechanisms of Compound 1-induced cellular apoptosis were confirmed that 1 induced the production of ROS and the alteration of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, which led to the dysfunction of mitochondria and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and finally caused cellular apoptosis. These results would be useful in search for new potential antitumor agents and for developing semisynthetic lupane-triterpenoid derivatives with high antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Ri-Zhen Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZXL); (JYS)
| | - Jin-Yue Sun
- Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (ZXL); (JYS)
| | - Xue-Kui Xia
- Biotechnology Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
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Shinozaki J, Hiruta M, Okada T, Masuda K. Migrated Hopene Synthases fromColysis pothifoliaand Identification of a Migration Switch Controlling the Number of 1,2-Hydride and Methyl Shifts. Chembiochem 2015; 17:65-70. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Shinozaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Higashi-Tamagawagakuen Machida City Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hiruta
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Higashi-Tamagawagakuen Machida City Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Takayuki Okada
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Higashi-Tamagawagakuen Machida City Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Kazuo Masuda
- Showa Pharmaceutical University; Higashi-Tamagawagakuen Machida City Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
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Zhang LY, Wang TH, Ren LZ, Wan MZ, Wu HF, Mei QX, Gao YH. A new triterpenoid and other constituents from Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yoo KH, Park JH, Lee DY, Hwang-Bo J, Baek NI, Chung IS. Corosolic Acid Exhibits Anti-angiogenic and Anti-lymphangiogenic Effects on In Vitro Endothelial Cells and on an In Vivo CT-26 Colon Carcinoma Animal Model. Phytother Res 2015; 29:714-23. [PMID: 25644809 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe the anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic effects of corosolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Cornus kousa Burg. A mouse colon carcinoma CT-26 animal model was employed to determine the in vivo anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic effects of corosolic acid. Corosolic acid induced apoptosis in CT-26 cells, mediated by the activation of caspase-3. In addition, it reduced the final tumor volume and the blood and lymphatic vessel densities of tumors, indicating that it suppresses in vivo angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Corosolic acid inhibited the proliferation and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, corosolic acid decreased the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated by angiopoietin-1. Pretreatment with corosolic acid decreased the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and ERK1/2, suggesting that corosolic acid contains anti-angiogenic activity that can suppress FAK signaling induced by angiopoietin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
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Martinez A, Perojil A, Rivas F, Medina-O'Donnell M, Parra A. Semi-synthesis of taraxerane triterpenoids from oleanolic acid. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Hamed AI, Masullo M, Pecio L, Gallotta D, Mahalel UA, Pawelec S, Stochmal A, Piacente S. Unusual fernane and gammacerane glycosides from the aerial parts of Spergula fallax. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:657-662. [PMID: 24527835 DOI: 10.1021/np4008415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Spergula fallax afforded four glycosides (1-4) based on two new triterpene aglycones (1a and 2a), along with the known hopane glycoside succulentoside A. Compound 1 was identified as belonging to the fernane class, unusual migrated hopane triterpenoids, mainly isolated from ferns and only rarely from higher plants. Compounds 2-4 were assigned as gammacerane glycosides, having as aglycone a hydroxylated derivative of tetrahymanol. The structures of the isolated compounds 1-4 and their aglycones 1a and 2a obtained by acid hydrolysis were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The growth inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds and their aglycones was evaluated against the HeLa and DLD-1 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafa I Hamed
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan University , Aswan 81528, Egypt
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Hussin F, Eshkoor SA, Rahmat A, Othman F, Akim A. The centella asiatica juice effects on DNA damage, apoptosis and gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:32. [PMID: 24444147 PMCID: PMC3900269 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper is to investigate the effects of Centella asiatica on HepG2 (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line). Centella asiatica is native to the Southeast Asia that is used as a traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the chemopreventive effects of the Centella asiatica juice on human HepG2 cell line. METHODS Different methods including flow cytometry, comet assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to show the effects of juice exposure on the level of DNA damage and the reduction of cancerous cells. MTT assay is a colorimetric method applied to measure the toxic effects of juice on cells. RESULTS The Centella asiatica juice was not toxic to normal cells. It showed cytotoxic effects on tumor cells in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis in cells was started after being exposed for 72 hr of dose dependent. It was found that the higher percentage of apoptotic cell death and DNA damage was at the concentration above 0.1%. In addition, the juice exposure caused the reduction of c-myc gene expression and the enhancement of c-fos and c-erbB2 gene expressions in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the Centella asiatica juice reduced liver tumor cells. Thus, it has the potential to be used as a chemopreventive agent to prevent and treat liver cancer.
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LEE BORA, LEE DAEYOUNG, YOO KIHYUN, BAEK NAMIN, PARK JONGHWA, CHUNG INSIK. Calenduloside E 6'-methyl ester induces apoptosis in CT-26 mouse colon carcinoma cells and inhibits tumor growth in a CT-26 xenograft animal model. Oncol Lett 2012; 4:22-28. [PMID: 22807953 PMCID: PMC3398352 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of calenduloside E 6'-methyl ester (oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6'-methyl ester) isolated from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits was investigated in CT-26 mouse colon carcinoma cells. Calenduloside E 6'-methyl ester dose-dependently inhibited the viability of CT-26 cells. Apoptosis was characterized by the detection of annexin-V and sub-G1 apoptotic cell populations, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and DNA fragmentation experiments. Results showed that the number of immunostained annexin-V-FITC and sub-G1 cells increased after treatment with calenduloside E 6'-methyl ester. Calenduloside E 6'-methyl ester also increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeled-CT-26 cells. It induced DNA fragmentation. and the cleavage of caspase-8, -9, -3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerases. In addition, calenduloside E 6'-methyl ester suppressed the volume and weight of tumors in BALB/c mice subcutaneously implanted with CT-26 cells. These results indicate that calenduloside E 6'-methyl ester induces apoptosis in CT-26 mouse colon carcinoma cells and inhibits tumor growth in a CT-26 carcinoma animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- BORA LEE
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - DAE YOUNG LEE
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - KI HYUN YOO
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - NAM IN BAEK
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - JONG-HWA PARK
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - IN SIK CHUNG
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
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Noncytotoxic and Antitumour-Promoting Activities of Garcinia Acid Esters from Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders (Guttiferae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:829814. [PMID: 22685487 PMCID: PMC3368197 DOI: 10.1155/2012/829814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro antitumour-promoting, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities of two ester derivatives of garcinia acid, that is, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanolide (1) and 1′,1′′-dibutyl methyl hydroxycitrate (2), that had been previously isolated from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders (Guttiferae), were examined. Based on the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation, compound 1 (IC50: 70 μM) showed much higher (8-fold) antitumour-promoting activity than compound 2 (IC50: 560 μM). In addition, both compounds were nontoxic towards CEM-SS (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia) cells (CD50: >100 μM), Raji (human B-lymphoblastoid) cells (CD50: >600 μM), and brine shrimp (LD50: >300 μM). Although the antitumour-promoting activity of compound 1 is moderate compared with the known antitumour promoter genistein, its non-toxicity suggests the potential of compound 1 and related structures as chemopreventive agents. The weak antioxidant activity displayed by both compounds also suggested that the primary antitumour-promoting mechanism of compound 1 did not involve oxidative-stress quenching.
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Yoo KH, Park JH, Cui EJ, Kim KI, Kim JY, Kim J, Hong SG, Baek NI, Chung IS. 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid induces apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1541-6. [PMID: 22359244 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effect of 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid, an oleanolic acid derivative isolated from the seeds of Vigna sinensis K., was investigated in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HCT-116 cells. Apoptosis was characterized by detection of cell surface annexin V and sub-G1 apoptotic cell populations. The number of immunostained cells with annexin V-FITC was increased after treatment with 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid. The sub-G1 cell population was also increased. Expression of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis signaling-related death receptor DR5 was increased in 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid-treated HCT-116 cells. Activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, critical mediators of extrinsic apoptosis signaling, was also increased by 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid. The results indicate that 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells mediated by an extrinsic apoptosis signaling cascade via up-regulation of DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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15
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Iranshahi M, Sahebkar A, Hosseini ST, Takasaki M, Konoshima T, Tokuda H. Cancer chemopreventive activity of diversin from Ferula diversivittata in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:269-273. [PMID: 19577457 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A prenylated coumarin (diversin, 1) together with four new sesquiterpene lactones (diversolides A, D, F and G, 2-5) isolated from the roots of Ferula diversivittata were studied for their possible inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). All of the tested compounds were active against EBV-EA activation. Among these compounds diversin (IC(50): 7.7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect and was selected to examine its effects on in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and TPA as promoter. Treatment with compound 1 (85nmol) along with DMBA/TPA inhibited papilloma formation up to week 7 and the percentage of papilloma bearers was approximately 93.3% at week 20. The average number of papillomas formed per mouse was only 5.5 even at week 20. The results of the present investigation indicated that diversin might be valuable as a potent cancer chemopreventive agent and its potency was comparable with those of curcumin and quercetin, two well-known cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iranshahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, (MUMS), P.O. Box: 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Zheng QF, Sun HX, He QJ, Ye YP. Induction of Apoptosis in HeLa Cells by 3β-Hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic Acid. Chem Biodivers 2006; 3:742-53. [PMID: 17193306 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200690076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
3Beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-27-oic acid (1), a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the rhizomes of Astilbe chinensis, was structurally very similar to ursolic acid, with the only difference being the interchange of the COOH and Me group at C(14) and C(17). Ursane-type triterpene with a COOH group at C(14) is present in a limited number of natural resources. Compound 1 was found to exhibit more distinctive cytotoxicity toward human cervical squamous carcinoma (HeLa) cells than ursolic acid, suggesting that the position of the COOH group significantly affects the cytotoxicity of ursane-type pentacyclic triterpenes with a COOH group. To elucidate the underlying biological mechanism responsible for the cytotoxicity of 1, we investigated its growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effect on HeLa cells. Compound 1 induced a marked concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with an IC50 value of 6.80+/-0.88 microg/ml following 48 h incubation. The drug-treated HeLa cells displayed typical morphological apoptotic characteristics and formation of DNA ladders in agarose-gel electrophoresis. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the cell cycle was arrested in G0/G1 phase by 1, and the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells treated for 48 h with 20 microg/ml of 1 was 21.08+/-2.14%. Also, 1 increased and decreased the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, respectively, and lowered the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta psi(m)). The peptidic caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-CHO (NH2-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-CHO, at 2 microM) could increase the viability of HeLa cells previously treated with 1. These results indicate that 1 induces efficient cell apoptosis through down-regulating Bcl-2 expression, up-regulating Bax expression, lowering delta psi(m), and by activating the caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Fang Zheng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
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17
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Nomura M, Tsukada H, Ichimatsu D, Ito H, Yoshida T, Miyamoto KI. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-induced cell transformation by tannins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2005; 66:2038-46. [PMID: 16153407 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The mouse epidermal JB6 cell system is a well developed model for studying tumor promotion, and the JB6 Cl 41 promotion sensitive (P+) cell line, in which transformed colonies are induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF), was used to test the anti-tumor promoting effect of seven tannins and two triterpenoids. We found that six tannins, ellagitannins (compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4) and chromone gallates (compounds 6 and 7), significantly blocked EGF-induced cell transformation in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of cell transformation by the tannins was not due to growth inhibition. The ellagitannins, but not the chromone gallates, significantly attenuated EGF-induced activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation, a transcription factor. Compounds 1 and 3, among the ellagitannins analysed, inhibited the EGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated protein kinases and p38 kinases, which regulate AP-1 activation. On the other hand, compounds 3 and 4 suppressed EGF-induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. In addition, all tannins that blocked cell transformation markedly inhibited EGF-induced activation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K. Because signal-transduction pathways, including AP-1 and PI3K pathways, have been focused as prime targets for chemopreventive phytochemicals, our results suggest that inhibition by tannins of EGF-induced neoplastic transformation in JB6 cells is related to blocking of Akt activation, and also attenuation of AP-1 activation for ellagitannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Nomura
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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18
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Park BC, Bosire KO, Lee ES, Lee YS, Kim JA. Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2005; 218:81-90. [PMID: 15639343 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Revised: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica. In the present study, the mechanism of anticancer effect of AA on skin cancer was investigated. AA decreased viability and induced apoptosis in human melanoma SK-MEL-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AA also markedly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and enhanced the expression of Bax but not Bcl-2 protein in the cells. In addition, AA-induced activation of caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with Trolox, an antioxidant, significantly blocked the induction of Bax and activation of caspase-3 in AA-treated cells. Furthermore, Ac-DEVD-CHO, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, and Trolox prevented the AA-induced apoptosis. AA did not elevate p53 nuclear protein levels that are present in a mutant form in SK-MEL-2 cells. These results suggest that AA-induced apoptosis may be mediated through generation of ROS, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3, but p53-independent. These results further suggest that AA may be a good candidate for the therapeutic intervention of human skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, South Korea
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19
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Kang YH, Pezzuto JM. Induction of quinone reductase as a primary screen for natural product anticarcinogens. Methods Enzymol 2004; 382:380-414. [PMID: 15047113 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(04)82021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hwa Kang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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20
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Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Koike K, Kimura Y, Asano T, Motohashi S, Nikaido T, Nishino H. Sunpollenol and five other rearranged 3,4-seco-tirucallane-type triterpenoids from sunflower pollen and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:1476-1479. [PMID: 14640522 DOI: 10.1021/np030276v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Six new rearranged 3,4-seco-tirucallane-type triterpenoids (1-6) have been isolated from the diethyl ether extract of the pollen grains of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). These compounds were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells. All of the compounds tested showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA activation (97-100% inhibition at 1 x 10(3) mol ratio/TPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Ukiya
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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21
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Ismail IS, Ito H, Mukainaka T, Higashihara H, Enjo F, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Yoshida T. Ichthyotoxic and anticarcinogenic effects of triterpenoids from Sandoricum koetjape bark. Biol Pharm Bull 2003; 26:1351-3. [PMID: 12951486 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract from Sandoricum koetjape bark, which exhibited significant toxicity to killifish (Oryzias latipes), two ichthyotoxic triterpenoids were isolated and characterized as koetjapic acid and 3-oxo-olean-12-en-29-oic acid. These constituents, along with non-toxic katonic acid, had a remarkable inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), which is a preliminary in vitro screening method for possible anti-tumor-promoting agents. Of the triterpenoids active in vitro, koetjapic acid appears to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent, since it significantly delayed tumor promotion in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted by TPA.
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22
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Su BN, Kang YH, Pinos RE, Santarsiero BD, Mesecar AD, Soejarto DD, Fong HHS, Pezzuto JM, Kinghorn AD. Isolation and absolute stereochemistry of coussaric acid, a new bioactive triterpenoid from the stems of Coussarea brevicaulis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2003; 64:293-302. [PMID: 12946428 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coussaric acid (1), a triterpenoid based on an ursane skeleton, and an oleanane-type triterpene acid, 3-epi-spathodic acid (2), as well as four known compounds, barbinervic acid, scutellaric acid, stigmasterol and stigmasterol glucoside, have been isolated from an EtOAc-soluble extract of the stems of Coussarea brevicaulis. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic investigation, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography was used to confirm the structure of 1. The absolute stereochemistry of 1 was established by chemical transformations and by the Mosher ester procedure. The potential of the isolates and chemical transformation products to induce quinone reductase was evaluated in mouse Hepa lclc7 hepatoma cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Structure
- NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone)/metabolism
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Plant Stems/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Rubiaceae/chemistry
- Stereoisomerism
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/isolation & purification
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ning Su
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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23
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Tanaka R, Minami T, Ishikawa Y, Matsunaga S, Tokuda H, Nishino H. Cancer chemopreventive activity of serratane-type triterpenoids on two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2003; 196:121-6. [PMID: 12860269 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(03)00214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eleven serratane-type triterpenoids isolated from the stem bark of Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. var. jezoensis (Pinaceae) and the stem bark of Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. var. hondoensis (Mayer) Rehder (Pinaceae) and three synthetic analogs were studied for their possible inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). 21-Episerratenediol, serratenediol, diepiserratenediol, 3 beta-hydroxyserrat-14-en-21-one, 3 alpha-methoxy-21 beta-hydroxyserrat-14-en-16-one, 3 beta-methoxyserrat-14-en-21 beta-yl acetate, 3 alpha-methoxyserrat-14-en-21 beta-yl acetate and 3 beta-methoxyserrat-14-en-21 alpha-yl acetate demonstrated strong inhibitory effects on the EBV-EA activation without showing any cytotoxicity, their effects being stronger than that of a representative control, oleanolic acid. Furthermore, 21-episerratenediol exhibited a remarkable inhibitory effect on skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as an initiator and TPA as a promoter. The result of the present investigation indicated that 21-episerratenediol might be valuable as a potent cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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24
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Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Koike K, Takayasu J, Okuda H, Kimura Y, Nikaido T, Nishino H. Isolation, structural elucidation, and inhibitory effects of terpenoid and lipid constituents from sunflower pollen on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen induced by tumor promoter, TPA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2003; 51:2949-2957. [PMID: 12720376 DOI: 10.1021/jf0211231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Eight fatty acid esters of triterpene alcohols (1-8), four free triterpene alcohols (9, 12, 17, and 18), four diterpene acids (19-22), two tocopherol-related compounds (23 and 24), four estolides (25-28), three syn-alkane-4,6-diols (29-31), one 1,3-dioxoalkanoic acid (32), and one aliphatic ketone (33), along with the mixture of free fatty acids, were isolated from the diethyl ether extract of the pollen grains of sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Among these compounds, 14 (2-8, 12, 23, 25-28, and 33) were new naturally occurring compounds, and their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Twenty-four terpenoids and lipids (1-4, 6-9, 12, and 19-33) and six free triterpene triols (10, 11, and 13-16), derived from their fatty acid esters (2, 3, and 5-8) by alkaline hydrolysis, were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induced by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in Raji cells, which is known to be a primary screening test for antitumor promoters. Among the 30 compounds tested, 21 compounds possessing a di- or a polycyclic ring system in the molecule (1-4, 6-16, and 19-24) showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (91-100% inhibition at 1 x 10(3) mol ratio/TPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Ukiya
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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25
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Sacau EP, Estévez-Braun A, Ravelo AG, Ferro EA, Tokuda H, Mukainaka T, Nishino H. Inhibitory effects of lapachol derivatives on epstein-barr virus activation. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:483-8. [PMID: 12538012 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen derivatives (2-17) synthesized from the naphthoquinone lapachol (1), were tested for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as a test for potential cancer chemopreventive agents. They exhibited a variety of inhibitory activities from very high to moderate, which allow us to suggest structure-activity relationships. Ten of these derivatives are reported for the first time, their structures being thoroughly determined by spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pérez Sacau
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica 'Antonio González', Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez No. 2, E-38206, Tenerife, La Laguna, Spain
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26
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Lee YS, Jin DQ, Kwon EJ, Park SH, Lee ES, Jeong TC, Nam DH, Huh K, Kim JA. Asiatic acid, a triterpene, induces apoptosis through intracellular Ca2+ release and enhanced expression of p53 in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett 2002; 186:83-91. [PMID: 12183079 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(02)00260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpene, decreased viability and induced apoptosis of HepG2 human hepatoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. AA also markedly increased intracellular Ca(2+) level, which was blocked by TMB-8 and dantrolene, intracellular Ca(2+) release blockers, but not by EGTA, an extracellular Ca(2+) chelator. Moreover, AA-induced apoptosis was significantly suppressed by treatment with TMB-8 and dantrolene, suggesting that intracellular Ca(2+) release may play an essential role in the AA-induced apoptosis. In addition, AA profoundly increased protein level of p53, which was also inhibited by BAPTA/AM, an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, TMB-8 and dantrolene. Treatment with A23187, a Ca(2+) ionophore, or thapsigargin, a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor, alone enhanced p53 nuclear accumulation, indicating that p53 accumulation is dependent on intracellular Ca(2+) increase. Furthermore, the viability of Hep3B, p53-null cells, was much higher than that of HepG2, p53-wild type cells, when treated with AA. Taken together, these results suggest that AA induced apoptosis through increased intracellular Ca(2+), which, in turn, enhanced p53 expression in HepG2 cells. These results further suggest that AA may be a valuable agent for the therapeutic intervention of human hepatomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Soo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, South Korea
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27
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Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Toriumi M, Mukainaka T, Banno N, Kimura Y, Hasegawa JI, Nishino H. Inhibitory effects of cucurbitane glycosides and other triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica grosvenori on epstein-barr virus early antigen induced by tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:6710-6715. [PMID: 12405766 DOI: 10.1021/jf0206320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two new triterpene benzoates, 5-dehydrokarounidiol dibenzoate (1) and karounidiol dibenzoate (2), and two new triterpene glycosides, 5alpha,6alpha-epoxymogroside IE(1) (8) and 11-oxomogroside A(1) (9), along with 15 known triterpenoids (one triterpene benzoate, 3; three triterpene mono-ols, 4-6; one triterpene aglycon, 7; and 10 triterpene glycosides, 10-19), were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit of Momordica grosvenori. The structures of 1, 2, 8, and 9 were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical methods. Among the known triterpene glycosides, mogroside I E(1) (12) was a new naturally occurring compound. Eighteen triterpenoids (2-19) and 11-oxomogrol (20), a hydrolysis product of 9, were evaluated with respect to their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, which is known to be a primary screening test for antitumor promoters. All of the compounds tested showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (70-100% inhibition at 1 x 10(3) mol ratio/TPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Ukiya
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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28
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Karim R, Iwai S, Morimura K, Wanibuchi H, Tanaka R, Matsunaga S, Yoshitake A, Fukushima S. Lack of modification of rat hepatocarcinogenesis by fernane-type triterpenoids, isolated from a Euphorbia genus. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 2002; 22:293-9. [PMID: 12111713 DOI: 10.1002/tcm.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of topoisomerases, enzymes that produce an unusual type of DNA damage, are considered as antitumor agents. Recently it has been reported that the fernane-type triterpenoid EC-2 and its hydroxyl derivative, isolated from Euphorbia, are potent topoisomerase II inhibitors. In this study, the modifying effects of EC-2 and EC-4 on the development of putative preneoplastic lesions, glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci, in the liver of rats were investigated using a medium-term bioassay system. Fisher 344 male, 6-week-old rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection (200 mg/kg b.w.) of diethylnitrosamine or saline at the beginning of the experiment and subjected to 2/3 partial hepatectomy at the 3rd week. The test compounds were administered five times/week by i.g. gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg b.w. from 2 to 8 weeks. Quantitation of the numbers and areas per cm(2) of induced GST-P positive foci did not demonstrated any significant differences among the groups and no variation in cell proliferation as indicated by 5-bromo- 2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Our results suggest that EC-2 and EC-4 have no modifying effects on rat hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezaul Karim
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Medical School, Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Hirano M, Oshikubo M, Nobukuni Y, Kimura Y, Tai T, Kondo S, Nishino H. Inhibition of tumor-promoting effects by poricoic acids G and H and other lanostane-type triterpenes and cytotoxic activity of poricoic acids A and G from Poria cocos. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:462-465. [PMID: 11975480 DOI: 10.1021/np0103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The structures of two novel 3,4-seco-lanostane-type triterpenes isolated from the sclerotium of Poria cocos were established to be 16alpha-hydroxy-3,4-seco-lanosta-4(28),8,24-triene-3,21-dioic acid (1; poricoic acid G) and 16alpha-hydroxy-3,4-seco-24-methyllanosta-4(28),8,24(24(1))-triene-3,21-dioic acid (2; poricoic acid H) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. These two, and eight other known compounds isolated from the sclerotium, poricoic acid B (3), poricoic acid A (4), tumulosic acid (5), dehydrotumulosic acid (6), 3-epidehydrotumulosic acid (7), polyporenic acid C (8), 25-hydroxy-3-epidehydrotumulosic acid (9), and dehydroabietic acid methyl ester (10), showed potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 4 against human cancer cell lines revealed that 1 was significantly cytotoxic to leukemia HL-60 cells [GI(50) (concentration that yields 50% growth) value 39.3 nM], although it showed only moderate cytotoxicity to the other cells. Compound 4 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity to all of the cancer cell lines tested.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Brain Neoplasms
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Colonic Neoplasms
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Humans
- Japan
- Kidney Neoplasms
- Lanosterol/analogs & derivatives
- Lanosterol/chemistry
- Lanosterol/isolation & purification
- Lanosterol/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myeloid
- Lung Neoplasms
- Melanoma
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Ovarian Neoplasms
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Polyporaceae/chemistry
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/isolation & purification
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Ukiya
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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30
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Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Suzuki H, Mukainaka T, Ichiishi E, Yasukawa K, Kasahara Y, Nishino H. Constituents of Compositae plants III. Anti-tumor promoting effects and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines of triterpene diols and triols from edible chrysanthemum flowers. Cancer Lett 2002; 177:7-12. [PMID: 11809525 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00769-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen pentacyclic triterpene diols and triols, consisting of: six taraxastanes, faradiol (1), heliantriol B0 (2), heliantriol C (3), 22alpha-methoxyfaradiol (4), arnidiol (5), and faradiol alpha-epoxide (6); five oleananes, maniladiol (7), erythrodiol (8), longispinogenin (9), coflodiol (10), and heliantriol A(1) (11); two ursanes, brein (12) and uvaol (13); and two lupanes, calenduladiol (14) and heliantriol B2 (15), isolated from the non-saponifiable lipid fraction of the edible flower extract of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, in Raji cells as a primary screening test for anti-tumor-promoters. All of the compounds tested showed inhibitory effects against EBV-EA activation with potencies either comparable with or stronger than that of glycyrrhetic acid, a known natural anti-tumor-promoter. Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of six compounds, 1-3 and 5-7, against human cancer cell lines revealed that compound 5 possesses a wide range of cytotoxicity, with GI50 values (concentration that yields 50% growth) of mostly less than 6 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Ukiya
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan
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31
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Jezananals A and B: two novel skeletal triterpene aldehydes from the stem bark of Picea jezoensis var. jezoensis. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Akihisa T, Kithsiri Wijeratne EM, Tokuda H, Enjo F, Toriumi M, Kimura Y, Koike K, Nikaido T, Tezuka Y, Nishino H. Eupha-7,9(11),24-trien-3beta-ol ("antiquol C") and other triterpenes from Euphorbia antiquorum latex and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:158-162. [PMID: 11858748 DOI: 10.1021/np010377y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The structures of three triterpene alcohols isolated from the latex of Euphorbia antiquorum were established to be eupha-7,9(11),24-trien-3beta-ol (2; antiquol C), 19(10-->9)abeo-8alpha,9beta,10alpha-eupha-5,24-dien-3beta-ol (3; antiquol B), and 24-methyltirucalla-8,24(24(1))-dien-3beta-ol (4; euphorbol) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 3 and 4 have previously been assigned the erroneous structures of 10alpha-cucurbita-5,24-dien-3alpha-ol and 24-methyleupha-8,24(24(1))-dien-3beta-ol, respectively. Compounds 2-4 and four other known compounds isolated from the latex, euphol (1), lemmaphylla-7,21-dien-3beta-ol (5), isohelianol (6), and camelliol C (7), showed potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
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33
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Akihisa T, Tokuda H, Ichiishi E, Mukainaka T, Toriumi M, Ukiya M, Yasukawa K, Nishino H. Anti-tumor promoting effects of multiflorane-type triterpenoids and cytotoxic activity of karounidiol against human cancer cell lines. Cancer Lett 2001; 173:9-14. [PMID: 11578803 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Forty-nine multiflorane-type triterpenoids consisting of 11 compounds isolated from the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Cucurbitaceae) and 38 of their derivatives have been evaluated for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in Raji cells as a primary screening test for anti-tumor promoters. All of the compounds tested showed an inhibitory effect against EBV-EA activation, and among which 43 were revealed to possess remarkable activity with potencies either comparable to or stronger than that of glycyrrhetic acid, a known natural anti-tumor promoter. Their structure-activity relationship is discussed. Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of karounidiol (27) against human cancer cell lines exhibited cytotoxicity especially against a human renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akihisa
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
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Inad A, Nishino H, Kuchide M, Takayasu J, Mukainaka T, Nobukuni Y, Okuda M, Tokuda H. Cancer chemopreventive activity of odorine and odorinol from Aglaia odorata. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:1282-5. [PMID: 11725964 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our continuing search for novel cancer chemo-preventive agents from natural sources, we have carried out a primary screening in vitro assay of the compounds isolated from Aglaia odorata. Consequently, aminopyrrolidine-diamides, odorine and odorinol, were obtained as active constituents. These compounds exhibited potent anti-carcinogenic effects in a two-stage carcinogenesis test of mouse skin induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter. Further, both compounds showed remarkable inhibitory effects in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis models induced by nitric oxide (NO) donors such as (+/-)-(E)-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexenamide (NOR-1) or peroxynitrite as an initiator and TPA as a promoter. From these results, it was concluded that odorine and odorinol inhibited both the initiation and promotion stages of two-stage skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Inad
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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Tanaka R, Minami T, Tsujimoto K, Matsunaga S, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Terada Y, Yoshitake A. Cancer chemopreventive agents, serratane-type triterpenoids from Picea jezoensis. Cancer Lett 2001; 172:119-26. [PMID: 11566485 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Seven serratane-type triterpenoids isolated from the cuticle of Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. jezoensis (Pinaceae) and the stem bark of Picea jezoensis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Carr. hondoensis (Mayer) Rehder (Pinaceae) were studied their possible inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). All compounds showed strong inhibitory effects on the EBV-EA activation, being stronger than that of oleanolic acid, which exerts on cancer preventive activity in animal carcinogenesis models. Among these compounds, 13alpha, 14alpha-epoxy-3beta-methoxyserratan-21beta-ol and 3beta-methoxy-21alpha-hydroxyserrat-14-en-29-al were investigated for the inhibitory effects in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test on mouse skin using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as initiator and TPA as promoter. 13alpha,14alpha-Epoxy-3beta-methoxyserratan-21beta-ol was found to exhibit the excellent anti-tumor promoting activity in the in vivo carcinogenesis test.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, 569-1094, Osaka, Japan.
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36
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Antitumor-promoting and anti-inflammatory activities of triterpenoids and sterols from plants and fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(01)80005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Abstract
In Asia, nontoxic dietary products are considered desirable primary prevention vehicles for conquering cancer. As early as 1978, investigators in Korea carried out extensive long-term anticarcinogenicity experiments using the mouse lung tumor model and observed an anticarcinogenic effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract in 1980. The results showed that natural products can provide hope for human cancer prevention. A newly established nine-week medium-term model using mouse lung tumors (Yun's model) could confirm the anticarcinogenicity of ginseng that varies according to its type and age. Subsequently, the ginseng was shown by epidemiological studies to be a nonorgan-specific cancer preventive agent associated with a dose-response relationship. The anticarcinogenic effects of vegetarian foods common at every dining table in Korea and some synthetics were also studied using Yun's nine-week model. In brief, ascorbic acid, soybean lecithin, capsaicin, biochanin A, Ganoderma lucidum, caffeine, and a novel synthetic 2-(allylthio)pyrazine decrease the incidence of mouse lung tumors, whereas fresh ginseng (4 years old), carrot, spinach, Sesamum indicum, beta-carotene, and 13-cis retinoic acid do not. This result regarding beta-carotene is consistent with the ineffective findings of the ATBC trial, the CARET trial, and the Physicians' Health Study. In 1983, a cancer chemoprevention study group was first established in Japan. Subsequently, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, cryptoporic acid E, and sarcophytol A from natural products, and synthetic acyclic retinoid and canventol were shown to be anticarcinogenic or chemopreventive in human subjects. Despite the frequent consumption of tea wordwide as a beverage and current experimental evidence of anticarcinogenesis, including controversial results of epidemiological studies, more systematic clinical trials for confirmation of preventive activity of tea against cancer are needed. Placebo-controlled intervention trials of dietary fiber are under study in Japan. In the past decade, new triterpenoids were isolated from various natural sources, and its biological activities were investigated in Asia. In the late 1970s a comprehensive chemoprevention program was established at the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Since then, many retinoid compounds have been synthesized and screened in the search for chemopreventive cancer agents. The National Cancer Institute (USA) and China are jointly engaged in the two-nutrition intervention in Linxian, China. The results of joint study of the general population and of dysplasia in China should stimulate further research to clarify the potential benefits of micronutrient supplements. We need to clarify if there is a connection between the lower rates of cancer mortality in Korea and the frequent consumption of anticarcinogenic vegetables or traditional foods, including ginseng and Ganoderma lucidum. The constituents of the nontoxic stable dietary products promise to be the future hope for conquering cancers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Yun
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Anti-Tumor-Promoting Activities (Cancer Chemopreventive Activities) of Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Takasaki M, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Konoshima T. Cancer chemopreventive agents (antitumor-promoters) from Ajuga decumbens. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1999; 62:972-975. [PMID: 10425119 DOI: 10.1021/np990033w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen compounds (1-16) isolated from the flowering whole plant of Ajuga decumbens have been tested for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induction by the tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as a primary screening test for antitumor-promoters (potential cancer chemopreventive agents). Five compounds (6, 9, and 12-14) showed strong inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction. Of these active compounds, two major constituents of this plant, cyasterone (6) and 8-acetylharpagide (13), showed potent antitumor-promoting activities on a mouse-skin in vivo two-stage carcinogenesis procedure, using 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as initiator and TPA as promoter. Further, compound 13 also exhibited potent chemopreventive activity in a mouse pulmonary tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takasaki
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, and Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
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Takasaki M, Yamauchi I, Haruna M, Konoshima T. New glycosides from ajuga decumbens. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 1998; 61:1105-1109. [PMID: 9748375 DOI: 10.1021/np980148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A new phenethyl alcohol glycoside, galactosylmartynoside (1), and a new abietatriene-type diterpene glycoside, ajugaside A (2), were isolated from the whole plants of Ajuga decumbens, together with known phenethyl alcohol glycosides (3 and 4) and iridoid glycosides (5-7). Chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data. Of these compounds, 8-acetylharpagide (6) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takasaki
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan, and Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Yagotoyama, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-0077, Japan
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