1
|
Xu C, Xia B, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Li C, Lin L. Research progress in steroidal saponins from the genus Polygonatum: Chemical components, biosynthetic pathways and pharmacological effects. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 213:113731. [PMID: 37245687 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The genus Polygonatum Mill. belongs to the Liliaceae family, which is widely distributed all over the world. Modern studies have found that Polygonatum plants are very rich in chemical compounds such as saponins, polysaccharides and flavonoids. Steroidal saponins are the most commonly studied saponins in the genus Polygonatum and a total of 156 compounds have been isolated from 10 species of the genus. These molecules possess antitumor, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering and anti-osteoporotic activities. In this review, we summarize recent advances in studies of the chemical constituents of steroidal saponins from Polygonatum, including their structural characteristics, possible biosynthetic pathways and pharmacological effects. Then, the relationship between the structure and some physiological activities is considered. This review aims to provide reference for further exploitation and utilization of the genus Polygonatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Bohou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, PR China.
| | - Limei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Semwal P, Painuli S, Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Sharma A, Daştan SD, Kumar M, Alshehri MM, Taheri Y, Das R, Mitra S, Emran TB, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1035441. [PMID: 35677108 PMCID: PMC9168095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1035441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin's nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin's safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Semwal
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, UAE
| | - Abdur Rauf
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar-23561, K.P .K, Pakistan
| | - Anshu Sharma
- 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, 173230, India
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- 5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- 6Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- 7Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- 8Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajib Das
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- 11Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- 12Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 13Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Calina
- 14Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- 15Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chauhan N, Porte S, Joshi V, Shah K. Plants' steroidal saponins - A review on its pharmacology properties and analytical techniques. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.353503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
4
|
Bandopadhyay S, Anand U, Gadekar VS, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Behl T, Kumar M, Shekhawat MS, Dey A. Dioscin: A review on pharmacological properties and therapeutic values. Biofactors 2022; 48:22-55. [PMID: 34919768 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin has gained immense popularity as a natural, bioactive steroid saponin, which offers numerous medical benefits. The growing global incidence of disease-associated morbidity and mortality continues to compromise human health, facilitating an increasingly urgent need for nontoxic, noninvasive, and efficient treatment alternatives. Natural compounds can contribute vastly to this field. Over recent years, studies have demonstrated the remarkable protective actions of dioscin against a variety of human malignancies, metabolic disorders, organ injuries, and viral/fungal infections. The successful usage of this phytocompound has been widely seen in medical treatment procedures under traditional Chinese medicine, and it is becoming progressively prevalent worldwide. This review provides an insight into the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities of dioscin, as reported and compiled in recent literature. The various novel approaches and applications of dioscin also verify the advantages exhibited by plant extracts against commercially available drugs, highlighting the potential of phytochemical agents like dioscin to be further incorporated into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijaykumar Shivaji Gadekar
- Zoology Department, Sangola College (affiliated to Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University), Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Parama D, Boruah M, Yachna K, Rana V, Banik K, Harsha C, Thakur KK, Dutta U, Arya A, Mao X, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, and its analogs: Effective therapies against different chronic diseases. Life Sci 2020; 260:118182. [PMID: 32781063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases are a major cause of mortality worldwide, and despite the recent development in treatment modalities, synthetic drugs have continued to show toxic side effects and development of chemoresistance, thereby limiting their application. The use of phytochemicals has gained attention as they show minimal side effects. Diosgenin is one such phytochemical which has gained importance for its efficacy against the life-threatening diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, nervous system disorders, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, and many more. AIM To evaluate the literature available on the potential of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating different molecular targets leading to the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. METHOD A detailed literature search has been carried out on PubMed for gathering information related to the sources, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activities, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and toxicity of diosgenin and its analogs. KEY FINDINGS The literature search resulted in many in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials that reported the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs in modulating important molecular targets and signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, MAPK, etc., which play a crucial role in the development of most of the diseases. Reports have also revealed the safety of the compound and the adaptation of nanotechnological approaches for enhancing its bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. SIGNIFICANCE Thus, the review summarizes the efficacy of diosgenin and its analogs for developing as a potent drug against several chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Monikongkona Boruah
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Kumari Yachna
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Varsha Rana
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Krishan Kumar Thakur
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510405, China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yooboon T, Kuramitsu K, Bullangpoti V, Kainoh Y, Furukawa S. Cytotoxic effects of β-asarone on Sf9 insect cells. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21596. [PMID: 31270854 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Asarone is the predominant component of the essential oil of rhizomes of Acorus calamus Linn ( Sweet flag). Although rhizome extracts from this plant have long been used for insect pest control, their cytotoxic effects on insect cells are not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the potency of β-asarone as a natural insecticide by using a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9). To assess the cytotoxic effects of β-asarone on Sf9 cells, we observed morphologic changes in treated cells and performed a cell proliferation assay and a DNA fragmentation assay. After 24 and 48 h of treatment with β-asarone, the proliferation of the Sf9 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.558 mg/ml at 24 h and 0.253 mg/ml at 48 h. Morphologic changes in β-asarone-treated cells were typical of apoptosis and included loss of adhesion, cell shrinkage, and small apoptotic bodies. The DNA laddering present in β-asarone-treated SF9 cells and annexin V assay confirmed that this compound can induce apoptosis in insect cells. Together, these findings suggest that apoptosis induction may be one mechanism through which β-asarone inhibits the proliferation of insect cells and thus exerts insecticidal effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thitaree Yooboon
- Department of Zoology, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazumu Kuramitsu
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Vasakorn Bullangpoti
- Department of Zoology, Animal Toxicology and Physiology Specialty Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yooichi Kainoh
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Applied Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang L, Ren S, Xu F, Ma Z, Liu X, Wang L. Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Activities of Dioscin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5763602. [PMID: 31511824 PMCID: PMC6710808 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5763602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin is a typical saponin with multiple pharmacological activities. The past few years have seen an emerging interest in and growing research on this pleiotropic saponin. Here, we review the emerging pharmacological activities reported recently, with foci on its antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and tissue-protective properties. The potential use of dioscin in therapies of diverse clinical disorders is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lufei Wang
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ehianeta TS, Shen D, Xu P, Yu B. Synthesis of spirostanol saponins via gold(I)‐catalyzed glycosylation in the presence of Ga(OTf)
3
, In(OTf)
3
, or HOTf. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Stephen Ehianeta
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Dacheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki M, Bagheri M, Ghanadian M, Aghaei M, Jafari SM. Centaurea cyanus
extracted 13‐O‐acetylsolstitialin A decrease Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and expression of cyclin D1/Cdk‐4 to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18309-18319. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy Mississippi University Oxford Mississippi
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan I.R. Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan I.R. Iran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan I.R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grzywacz D, Paduszyńska M, Norkowska M, Kamysz W, Myszka H, Liberek B. N-Aminoacyl and N-hydroxyacyl derivatives of diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside: Synthesis, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:114923. [PMID: 31153729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside is a semisynthetic saponin with antimicrobial and antitumor activities. To search for more effective analogues, N-aminoacyl and N-hydroxyacyl derivatives of this saponin were synthesized conventionally and with microwave assistance, and tested against the human pathogenic fungi and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. None of the tested compounds exhibit activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Almost all of the synthesized N-aminoacyl saponins exhibit antifungal activity and act effectively against Gram-positive bacteria, some better than the parent compound. The best acting saponins are the same size and possess sarcosine or l- or d-alanine attached to the parent glucosaminoside. Shorter and longer aminoacyl residues are less advantageous. d-Alanine derivative is the most effective against Gram positive bacteria. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicates that the free α-amino group in aminoacyl residue is necessary for antimicrobial activities of the tested saponins. (N-Acetyl)aminoacyl and N-hydroxyacyl analogs are inactive. Measurements of the hemolytic activities demonstrate that the best acting saponins are not toxic towards human red blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Grzywacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Monika Norkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Henryk Myszka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qin XJ, Ni W, Chen CX, Liu HY. Seeing the light: Shifting from wild rhizomes to extraction of active ingredients from above-ground parts of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:134-139. [PMID: 29792919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The dried rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as hemostatic, antitumor, and antimicrobial agents. More than 70 Chinese patent medicines are based on P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. Steroidal saponins are considered as the main active ingredients of these rhizomes. However, wild populations of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are greatly threatened due to the illegal wild harvest and over-utilization of the rhizomes. In contrast, the renewable above-ground parts (leaves and stems) of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis are usually thrown away as waste material, whether from wild or cultivated material. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to use HPLC analyses of chemical constituents and bioactive assays to assess whether the above-ground parts could be an alternative source of active ingredients to the rhizomes of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The saponin components of the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were analyzed by HPLC-UV. The total saponins extracted from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were evaluated for their hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities by using the rabbit blood in vitro based on turbidimetric method, MTT assay method, and a dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test method, respectively. RESULTS Four bioactive spirostanol saponins (paris saponins I, II, VI, and VII) were detected in the total saponins from the rhizomes and above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, which indicated they should have similar pharmacological properties. The bioactive assays revealed that both the parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis exhibited the same hemostatic, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial effects. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that based on saponin content in the above-ground parts of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and the requirements stipulated in 2015 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the above-ground parts (especially its leaves) can be an alternative and more sustainable source of active ingredients compared to the rhizomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rezaee F, Zolfaghari B, Dinani MS. Isolation of dioscin-related steroidal saponin from the bulbs of Allium paradoxum L. with leishmanicidal activity. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:469-475. [PMID: 30271449 PMCID: PMC6082028 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.236875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alliums are rich sources of steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and sulphoric compounds of which steroidal saponins have recently received more attention due to their important pharmacological activities. Allium paradoxum L. is a common edible vegetable in north regions of Iran, especially in Mazandaran province, where it is named "Alezi" and considerably used as a raw vegetable, to make dishes, and as a medicinal plant. Phytochemical investigation of chloroform-methanol extract of the plant resulted in the isolation and identification of a dioscin related steroidal saponin, using comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, its chemical structure was determined as (25R)-spirost-5-en-3b-ol,3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-[a-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-glucopyranoside. Investigation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of the isolated compound, in 10 and 50 μg/mL concentrations, exhibited significant leishmanicidal effects (P < 0.001) against the promastigotes of Leishmania major. The results established a valuable basis for further studies about A. paradoxum and anti-parasitic activity of steroidal saponins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaee
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang HY, Hu WC, Ma GX, Zhu NL, Sun XB, Wu HF, Xu XD. A new steroidal saponin from Polygonatum sibiricum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:586-592. [PMID: 29168389 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1351436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new furostan type steroidal saponin, kingianoside Z (1), along with four known compounds (2-5), was isolated from the ethanolic extract of Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute. Their structures were determined by spectroscopical method and by comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data. Compounds 3-5 showed significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 14.2, 12.1 and 8.5 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Zhang
- a Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences , Harbin University of Commerce , Harbin 150076 , China
- b Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education , Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Wei-Cheng Hu
- c Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection , Haiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
- d Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake , Haiyin Normal University , Huaian 223300 , China
| | - Guo-Xu Ma
- b Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education , Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Nai-Liang Zhu
- b Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education , Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- b Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education , Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Hai-Feng Wu
- b Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education , Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- b Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education , Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193 , China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chan SH, Liang PH, Guh JH. An integrated approach to elucidate signaling pathways of dioscin-induced apoptosis, energy metabolism and differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:587-602. [PMID: 29594316 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the therapeutics have improved the rates of remission and cure of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in recent decades, there is still an unmet medical need for AML therapies because disease relapses are a major obstacle in patients who become refractory to salvage therapy. The development of therapeutic agents promoting both cytotoxicity and cell differentiation may provide opportunities to improve the clinical outcome. Dioscin-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells was identified through death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway. The formation of Bak and tBid, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were induced by dioscin suggesting the activation of intrinsic apoptotsis pathway. A functional analysis of transcription factors using transcription factor-DNA interaction array and IPA analysis demonstrated that dioscin induced a profound increase of protein expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), a critical factor for myeloid differentiation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis assay confirmed the increase of C/EBPα expression. Dioscin-induced differentiation was substantiated by an increase of CD11b protein expression and the induction of differentiation toward myelomonocytic/granulocytic lineages using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis assay and IPA network enrichment analysis were proposed to dioscin action. In conclusion, the data suggest that dioscin exerts its antileukemic effect through the upregulation of both death ligands and death receptors and a crosstalk activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway with the collaboration of tBid and Bak formation. In addition, proteomics approach reveals an altered metabolic signature of dioscin-treated cells and the induction of differentiation of promyelocytes to granulocytes and monocytes in which the C/EBPα plays a key role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- She-Hung Chan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist, Taichung, 43301, Taiwan.
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No.33, Linsen S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, No.33, Linsen S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prophetic medicine as potential functional food elements in the intervention of cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:614-648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
16
|
Guan YY, Li SZ, Lei PS. Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of two steroids: icogenin aglycone analogs. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:481-488. [PMID: 28276770 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1228633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the process of icogenin analog research, we obtained two cytotoxic steroids: compound 4 and compound 6 casually. Their in vitro antitumor activities were tested by the standard MTT assay. The results disclosed that compound 4 (IC50 = 3.65-6.90 μM) showed potential antitumor activities against HELA, KB cell lines and compound 6 (IC50 = 2.40-9.05 μM) showed potential antitumor activities against HELA, BGC-823, KB, A549, HCT-8 cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yao Guan
- a Pharmacy Department , Traffic Hospital of Shandong Province , Jinan 250031 , China
| | - Shu-Zhen Li
- a Pharmacy Department , Traffic Hospital of Shandong Province , Jinan 250031 , China
| | - Ping-Sheng Lei
- b State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines , Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing 100050 , China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cai P, Yang T, Jiang X, Zheng M, Xu G, Xia J. Role of miR-15a in intervertebral disc degeneration through targeting MAP3K9. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:568-574. [PMID: 28081468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence indicates that microRNAs are involved in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metastasis. miR-15a is an important regulator of immune responses and angiogenesis, endogenous controls as well as potential targets and hallmarks of cancer. However, the role of miR-15a in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has not been elucidated. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues of 20 patients with IDD and NP cells, respectively. The expression levels of miR-15a were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. The stable overexpress or silence miR-15a expression cell lines and control cell lines were constructed by lentivirus infection. Subsequently, 3-(4,5-dimethylthia zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte trazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry test, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) experiment, colony formation assay and western blot analysis were performed to detect the biological functions of miR-15a. Moreover, a luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm its target associations. RESULTS Herein, the results found that miR-15a was dramatically up-regulated in degenerative NP tissues and NP cells compared with the controls. Overexpression of miR-15a promoted NP cells proliferation and induced apoptosis. Moreover, apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was significantly up-regulated and bcl-2 was observably down-regulated when NP cells were transfected with miR-15a mimics, while bax and caspase-3 were significantly down-regulated as well as bcl-2 was observably up-regulated when NP cells were transfected with miR-15a inhibitors. Further, luciferase reporter assay showed that MAP3K9, an upstream activator of MAPK kinase, was putative target of miR-15a. There was a negatively relationship between miR-15a and MAP3K9 expression in NP cells. In addition, knockdown MAP3K9 inhibited NP cells proliferation and promoted apoptosis, which further inhibited the activation of p38 and ERK MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION This present study revealed that miR-15a might be considered as a novel therapeutic target for IDD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Ting Yang
- First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Xingjie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, PR China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222002, PR China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bachran C, Sutherland M, Heisler I, Hebestreit P, Melzig MF, Fuchs H. The Saponin-Mediated Enhanced Uptake of Targeted Saporin-Based Drugs is Strongly Dependent on the Saponin Structure. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:412-20. [PMID: 16565437 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are a group of plant glycosides consisting of a steroid or triterpenoid aglycone to which one or more sugar chains are attached. They exhibit cell membrane–permeabilizing properties and, thus, have been investigated for their therapeutic potential. Recently, at a nonpermeabilizing concentration saponinum album from Gypsophila paniculata L. has been described to enhance the cytotoxicity of a chimeric toxin in a cell culture model. To elucidate whether this enhancing effect is also mediated by other saponins, we analyzed the ability of seven different saponins to enhance the cytotoxicity of a targeted chimeric toxin. The chimeric toxin is composed of saporin, a plant ribosome-inactivating toxin, a cleavable adapter, and human epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cytotoxicity on EGF receptor (EGFR)-bearing cells was analyzed both alone and after combined application of saponin and chimeric toxin. Only two of the tested saponins, quillajasaponin and saponinum album, enhanced cytotoxicity by more than 1000-fold, whereas the enhancement factors of the other saponins were only approximately 10-fold. In contrast to saponinum album, quillajasaponin enhanced the cytotoxicity both on control cells lacking EGFR and on target cells, indicating that, in this case, the enhancement is not target cell receptor specific. This is also the case for some of the saponins with low enhancement factors. Saponinum album resulted in a more than 13,600-fold receptor-specific enhancement, decreasing the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) from 2.4 nM to 0.18 pM, which renders it the best option to promote saporin-3-based drug uptake while retaining specificity for the EGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bachran
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Li L, Bai S, Zhou X, Wang P, Li M. Access to Diosgenyl Glycoconjugates via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Etherification of Diosgen-3-yl ortho-Hexynylbenzoate. Org Lett 2016; 18:6030-6033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Colorda Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Shujin Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang G, Zeng X, Zhang R, Liu J, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Wu Z, Tan Y, Wu Y, Du B. Dioscin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and regulation of TP53, BAX, BCL2 and cleaved CASP3. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1329-1336. [PMID: 27765352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy of the liver, occurs frequently in the setting of chronic liver injury. Although multiple therapeutic approaches are available, the prognosis of patients with HCC remains poor. Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin that presents in various plants. The anti-cancer and anti-fibrotic effects have been extensively reported. However, the effect of dioscin on HCC remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the anti-HCC properties of dioscin in vitro and in vivo. METHODS MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to analyze the growth inhibition activity of Dioscin in human cell lines, Bel-7402, HepG2, Lovo, and EAhy926. Antitumor activity through induction of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin-V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) analysis with Hochest33342 and PI labeling, and DNA fragmentation analysis. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins tumor protein p53 (TP53), BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), B-Cell CLL/Lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and Caspase 3 (CASP3) was measured by Western blot. Nude mice bearing Bel-7402 were administered intraperitoneally at different doses of dioscin and 5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) treatment was used as a control. Tumor volume and tumor weight of each mouse were then measured. RESULTS We demonstrated that Dioscin inhibited proliferation of HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Dioscin also significantly induced morphological changes during death by apoptosis and increased DNA damage of Bel-7402 cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that Dioscin displayed anticancer activity via up-regulating expression of TP53, BAX and CASP3 protein, as well as down-regulating BCL2 in Bel-7402 cells. Notably, the in vivo anticancer activity of Dioscin was further assessed and achieved greater inhibition efficiency at the concentration increased to 24mg/kg/day than 5-FU at dose of 10mg/kg/day in nude mice bearing Bel-7402 cells. CONCLUSIONS Dioscin inhibited tumor growth via inducing apoptosis, which was accompanied by altered expression of apoptotic pathway proteins, such as TP53, BAX, BCL2 and CASP3. Our findings indicate that further evaluation of dioscin as a novel therapeutic approach for HCC is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Zhang
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiancheng Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Ren Zhang
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weici Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhixue Wu
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhui Tan
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingya Wu
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Biaoyan Du
- School of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu XH, Li T, Fong CMV, Chen X, Chen XJ, Wang YT, Huang MQ, Lu JJ. Saponins from Chinese Medicines as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101326. [PMID: 27782048 PMCID: PMC6272920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are glycosides with triterpenoid or spirostane aglycones that demonstrate various pharmacological effects against mammalian diseases. To promote the research and development of anticancer agents from saponins, this review focuses on the anticancer properties of several typical naturally derived triterpenoid saponins (ginsenosides and saikosaponins) and steroid saponins (dioscin, polyphyllin, and timosaponin) isolated from Chinese medicines. These saponins exhibit in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects, such as anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis, anti-multidrug resistance, and autophagy regulation actions. In addition, related signaling pathways and target proteins involved in the anticancer effects of saponins are also summarized in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Huang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Chi Man Vivienne Fong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Ming-Qing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma T, Wang RP, Zou X. Dioscin inhibits gastric tumor growth through regulating the expression level of lncRNA HOTAIR. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:383. [PMID: 27751178 PMCID: PMC5066294 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background As a member of non-coding RNAs family, long non-coding RNAs’ functions in cancer needs to be further investigated. It has been indicated that the functions of Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (lncRNA: HOTAIR) include reprogramming chromatin organization and promoting tumor metastasis such as breast and colorectal tumor. The aim of this study is to investigate the functions of Hox in gastric cancer. Methods In the present study, the expression level of HOTAIR was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), 20 gastric cancer tissues and 20 normal tissues was included. All clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. The CCK-8 and colony formation assay was used to identify if the knockdown of HOTAIR have an influence on gastric cancer cell lines. Results Compared with normal tissues, higher expression level of HOTAIR was found in gastric cancer tissues. Dioscin inhibits proliferation of the three gastric cancer cell lines and decrease HOTAIR expression. Conclusions The expression of HOTAIR is up regulated in gastric cancer and gastric cancer cell lines, dioscin inhibits the proliferation of three gastric cancer cell lines and the anti-tumor effect of dioscin may partly depend on the down regulation of HOTAIR.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao X, Tao X, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Xu Y, Han X, Peng J. Dioscin Induces Apoptosis in Human Cervical Carcinoma HeLa and SiHa Cells through ROS-Mediated DNA Damage and the Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060730. [PMID: 27271587 PMCID: PMC6273920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin, a natural product, has activity against glioblastoma multiforme, lung cancer and colon cancer. In this study, the effects of dioscin against human cervical carcinoma HeLa and SiHa cells were further confirmed, and the possible mechanism(s) were investigated. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay and DAPI staining were used to detect the cellular morphology. Flow cytometry was used to assay cell apoptosis, ROS and Ca(2+) levels. Single cell gel electrophoresis and immunofluorescence assays were used to test DNA damage and cytochrome C release. The results showed that dioscin significantly inhibited cell proliferation and caused DNA damage in HeLa and SiHa cells. The mechanistic investigation showed that dioscin caused the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, dioscin significantly up-regulated the protein levels of Bak, Bax, Bid, p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, and down-regulated the protein levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Our work thus demonstrated that dioscin notably induces apoptosis in HeLa and SiHa cells through adjusting ROS-mediated DNA damage and the mitochondrial signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The anticancer potential of steroidal saponin, dioscin, isolated from wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) root extract in invasive human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 591:98-110. [PMID: 26682631 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we observed that wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) root extract (WYRE) was able to activate GATA3 in human breast cancer cells targeting epigenome. This study aimed to find out if dioscin (DS), a bioactive compound of WYRE, can modulate GATA3 functions and cellular invasion in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated in the absence/presence of various concentrations of DS and subjected to gene analysis by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. We determined the ability of MDA-MB-231 cells to migrate into wound area and examined the effects of DS on cellular invasion using invasion assay. DS reduced cell viability of both cell lines in a concentration and time-dependent manner. GATA3 expression was enhanced by DS (5.76 μM) in MDA-MB-231 cells. DS (5.76 μM)-treated MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited the morphological characteristic of epithelial-like cells; mRNA expression of DNMT3A, TET2, TET3, ZFPM2 and E-cad were increased while TET1, VIM and MMP9 were decreased. Cellular invasion of MDA-MB-231 was reduced by 65 ± 5% in the presence of 5.76 μM DS. Our data suggested that DS-mediated pathway could promote GATA3 expression at transcription and translation levels. We propose that DS has potential to be used as an anti-invasive agent in breast cancer.
Collapse
|
25
|
Proteomic Analysis of Anticancer TCMs Targeted at Mitochondria. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:539260. [PMID: 26568766 PMCID: PMC4629060 DOI: 10.1155/2015/539260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a rich resource of anticancer drugs. Increasing bioactive natural compounds extracted from TCMs are known to exert significant antitumor effects, but the action mechanisms of TCMs are far from clear. Proteomics, a powerful platform to comprehensively profile drug-regulated proteins, has been widely applied to the mechanistic investigation of TCMs and the identification of drug targets. In this paper, we discuss several bioactive TCM products including terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides that were extensively investigated by proteomics to illustrate their antitumor mechanisms in various cancers. Interestingly, many of these natural compounds isolated from TCMs mostly exert their tumor-suppressing functions by specifically targeting mitochondria in cancer cells. These TCM components induce the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, and the accumulation of ROS, initiating apoptosis cascade signaling. Proteomics provides systematic views that help to understand the molecular mechanisms of the TCM in tumor cells; it bears the inherent limitations in uncovering the drug-protein interactions, however. Subcellular fractionation may be coupled with proteomics to capture and identify target proteins in mitochondria-enriched lysates. Furthermore, translating mRNA analysis, a new technology profiling the drug-regulated genes in translatome level, may be integrated into the systematic investigation, revealing global information valuable for understanding the action mechanism of TCMs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Selim S, Al Jaouni S. Anticancer and apoptotic effects on cell proliferation of diosgenin isolated from Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:301. [PMID: 26329920 PMCID: PMC4556405 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0836-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin found abundantly in C. speciosus, is a well-known precursor of various synthetic steroidal drugs that are extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry. Methods The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anticancer and apoptotic effects on cell proliferation of diosgenin isolated from C. speciosus (Koen.) Sm. Results The results indicated that the treatment of HepG2 cells with the sample resulted in a cytotoxic effect as concluded from the IC50 value 32.62 μg/ml, while the treatment of HepG2 cells with paclitaxel, a known anti-cancer drug, resulted in an IC50 value of 0.48 μg/ml. The treatment of MCF-7 cells with the tested sample resulted in high inhibition in the cell viability, and resulted in an IC50 value of 11.03 μg/ml, while the treatment of MCF-7 cells with paclitaxel resulted in an IC50 value of 0.61 μg/ml. The levels of DR4 and caspase-3 were significantly increased (P < 0.01) in MCF-7 cells treated with the tested sample compared to untreated cells and possessed a similar activity of paclitaxel in DR4 induction but lower induction in caspase-3. On the other hand the treatment of macrophages or lymphocytes with diosgenin (250 μg/ml) resulted in an induction in the cell proliferation up to 3.2-fold and 2.1-fold of control, respectively. Conclusions The results presented here may suggest that diosgenin isolated from C. speciosus possess anticancer and apoptotic effects on cell proliferation, and therefore, can be used as pharmaceuticals drugs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Walczewska A, Grzywacz D, Bednarczyk D, Dawgul M, Nowacki A, Kamysz W, Liberek B, Myszka H. N-Alkyl derivatives of diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside; synthesis and antimicrobial activity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:869-74. [PMID: 26124888 PMCID: PMC4464337 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic saponin exhibiting attractive pharmacological properties. Different pathways tested by us to obtain this glycoside are summarized here. Moreover, the synthesis of N-alkyl and N,N-dialkyl derivatives of the glucopyranoside is presented. Evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of these derivatives indicates that they have no inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria, whereas many of the tested N-alkyl saponins were found to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and human pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Walczewska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Daria Grzywacz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Bednarczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dawgul
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Henryk Myszka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wei JC, Gao WY, Yan XD, Wang Y, Jing SS, Xiao PG. Chemical constituents of plants from the genus Paris. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1277-97. [PMID: 25238072 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China (phone: +86-22-87401895; fax: +86-22-87401895); School of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lipid from infective L. donovani regulates acute myeloid cell growth via mitochondria dependent MAPK pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120509. [PMID: 25750993 PMCID: PMC4353703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial source, which includes live, attenuated, or genetically modified microbes or their cellular component(s) or metabolites, has gained increasing significance for therapeutic intervention against several pathophysiological conditions of disease including leukemia, which remains an incurable disease till now despite recent advances in the medical sciences. We therefore took up the present study to explore if the leishmanial lipid (pLLD) isolated from L. donovani can play an anti-neoplastic role in acute myeloid leukemia cells by regulating cellular growth. Indeed pLLD significantly inhibited cell proliferation of four AML cell lines (HL-60, MOLT-4, U937, and K562). Scanning electron microscopy and DNA fragmentation analysis revealed that it significantly induced apoptosis of U937 cells through morphological alteration. Occurrence of apoptosis was checked by using Annexin exposure and this established that the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1 phase in time-dependent manner. pLLD increased the intracellular ROS with alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, as detected using DCFDA. It also regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins like Bax, Bcl2, Bad and t-Bid besides causing cleavage of PARP as determined by western blot analysis. Treatment of U937 cells with pLLD induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2, p38, and caspases 9/3. The results suggest that pLLD induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells possibly via increasing intracellular ROS and regulating the MAPK pathway.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yin L, Zheng L, Xu L, Dong D, Han X, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Peng J. In-silico prediction of drug targets, biological activities, signal pathways and regulating networks of dioscin based on bioinformatics. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:41. [PMID: 25879470 PMCID: PMC4354738 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Inverse docking technology has been a trend of drug discovery, and bioinformatics approaches have been used to predict target proteins, biological activities, signal pathways and molecular regulating networks affected by drugs for further pharmacodynamic and mechanism studies. Methods In the present paper, inverse docking technology was applied to screen potential targets from potential drug target database (PDTD). Then, the corresponding gene information of the obtained drug-targets was applied to predict the related biological activities, signal pathways and processes networks of the compound by using MetaCore platform. After that, some most relevant regulating networks were considered, which included the nodes and relevant pathways of dioscin. Results 71 potential targets of dioscin from humans, 7 from rats and 8 from mice were screened, and the prediction results showed that the most likely targets of dioscin were cyclin A2, calmodulin, hemoglobin subunit beta, DNA topoisomerase I, DNA polymerase lambda, nitric oxide synthase and UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase, etc. Many diseases including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis of human, temporal lobe epilepsy of rat and ankylosing spondylitis of mouse, may be inhibited by dioscin through regulating immune response alternative complement pathway, G-protein signaling RhoB regulation pathway and immune response antiviral actions of interferons, etc. The most relevant networks (5 from human, 3 from rat and 5 from mouse) indicated that dioscin may be a TOP1 inhibitor, which can treat cancer though the cell cycle– transition and termination of DNA replication pathway. Dioscin can down regulate EGFR and EGF to inhibit cancer, and also has anti-inflammation activity by regulating JNK signaling pathway. Conclusions The predictions of the possible targets, biological activities, signal pathways and relevant regulating networks of dioscin provide valuable information to guide further investigation of dioscin on pharmacodynamics and molecular mechanisms, which also suggests a practical and effective method for studies on the mechanism of other chemicals.
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang HL, Chiang WL, Hsiao PC, Chien MH, Chen HY, Weng WC, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Timosaponin AIII mediates caspase activation and induces apoptosis through JNK1/2 pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3489-97. [PMID: 25542232 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Timosaponin AIII (TAIII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from Anemarrhena asphodeloides that has been shown to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in cancer. However, the effect of TAIII on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Here, the molecular mechanism by which TAIII-induced apoptosis affects human AML cells was investigated. The results showed that TAIII significantly inhibited cell proliferation of four AML cell lines (MV4-11, U937, THP-1, and HL-60). Furthermore, TAIII induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells through caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activations and PARP cleavage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, Western blot analysis also showed that TAIII increased phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of JNK1/2 by specific inhibitors significantly abolished the TAIII-induced activation of the caspase-8. Taken together, our results suggest that TAIII induces HL-60 cell apoptosis through JNK1/2 pathways and could serve as a potential additional chemotherapeutic agent for treating AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lien Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun YG, Guo Y, Sun D, Zhu MC, Ding F, Liu YN, Gao EJ, Wang SJ, Xiong G, Dragutan I, Dragutan V. Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Six-Membered N-Heterocyclic Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, Interaction with DNA, DFT Calculation, and Cytotoxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
33
|
Poudel B, Lim SW, Ki HH, Nepali S, Lee YM, Kim DK. Dioscin inhibits adipogenesis through the AMPK/MAPK pathway in 3T3-L1 cells and modulates fat accumulation in obese mice. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1401-8. [PMID: 25189808 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscin (DS) is a steroidal saponin present in a number of medicinal plants and has been shown to exert anticancer, antifungal and antiviral effects. The present study aimed to deternube the effects DS on the regulation of adipogenesis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In vitro experiments were performed using differentiating 3T3-L1 cells treated with various concentrations (0-4 µM) of DS for 6 days. A cell viability assay was performed on differentiating cells following exposure to DS. Oil Red O staining and triglyceride content assay were performed to evaluate the lipid accumulation in the cells. We also carried out the following experiments: i) flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis, ii) quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for measuring adipogenesis-related gene expression, and iii) western blot analysis to measure the expression of adipogenesis transcription factors and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. In vivo experiements were performed using mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) that were treated with or without DS for 7 weeks. DS suppressed lipid accumulation in the 3T3-L1 cells without affecting viability at a dose of up to 4 µM. It also delayed cell cycle progression 48 h after the initiation of adipogenesis. DS inhibited adipocyte differentiation by the downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors and attenuated the expression of adipogenesis-associated genes. In addition, it enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK and its target molecule, ACC, during the differentiation of the cells. Moreover, the inhibition of adipogenesis by DS was mediated through the suppression of the phosphorylation of MAPKs, such as extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38, but not c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). DS significantly reduced weight gain in the mice with HFD-induced obesity; this was evident by the suppression of fat accumulation in the abdomen. the present study reveals an anti-adipogenic effect of DS in vitro and in vivo and highlights AMPK/MAPK signaling as targets for DS during adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barun Poudel
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Won Lim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hui Ki
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarmila Nepali
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang Y, He QY, Chiu JF. Dioscin induced activation of p38 MAPK and JNK via mitochondrial pathway in HL-60 cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:52-8. [PMID: 24755146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Saponins have shown promise in cancer prevention and therapy; however, little is known about the detailed signaling pathways underlying their anticancer activities. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms of action of dioscin, a glucosides saponin isolated from Polygonatum zanlanscianense pump, in human myeloblast leukemia HL-60 cells. Dioscin suppressed HL-60 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibition was due to the induction of apoptosis as revealed by the externalization of phosphatidylserine, and cleavages of lamin A/C and PARP-1. Treatment with dioscin induced apoptosis through activation of caspases 3, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK contributed to dioscin-induced apoptosis upstream of caspase activation. Using various inhibitors and antioxidant agents, we found that mitochondrial derived reactive oxygen species and depletion of mitochondrial transmembrane potential lead to the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK. Taken together, our results demonstrated that dioscin induces apoptosis by activation of p38 MAPK and JNK through the caspase-dependent mitochondrial death pathway. This work suggests that dioscin may be used as a drug lead for the treatment of myeloblast leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jen-Fu Chiu
- Open Laboratory for Tumor Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang HL, Hsieh MJ, Chien MH, Chen HY, Yang SF, Hsiao PC. Glabridin mediate caspases activation and induces apoptosis through JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathway in human promyelocytic leukemia cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98943. [PMID: 24901249 PMCID: PMC4047044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glabridin, a prenylated isoflavonoid of G. glabra L. roots, has been associated with a wide range of biological properties such as regulation of energy metabolism, estrogenic, neuroprotective, anti-osteoporotic, and skin-whitening in previous studies. However, the effect of glabridin on tumor cells metastasis has not been clearly clarified. Here, the molecular mechanism by which glabridin anticancer effects in human promyelocytic leukemia cells was investigated. Methodology and Principal Findings The results showed that glabridin significantly inhibited cell proliferation of four AML cell lines (HL-60, MV4-11, U937, and THP-1). Furthermore, glabridin induced apoptosis of HL-60 cells through caspases-3, -8, and -9 activations and PARP cleavage in dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, western blot analysis also showed that glabridin increase phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 in dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 by specific inhibitors significantly abolished the glabridin-induced activation of the caspase-3, -8 and -9. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that glabridin induced HL-60 cell apoptosis through p38 MAPK and JNK1/2 pathways and could serve as a potential additional chemotherapeutic agent for treating AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lien Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ching Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dioscin induces caspase-independent apoptosis through activation of apoptosis-inducing factor in breast cancer cells. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1165-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
37
|
Zhang C, Peng J, Wu S, Jin Y, Xia F, Wang C, Liu K, Sun H, Liu M. Dioscin promotes osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation via Lrp5 and ER pathway in mouse and human osteoblast-like cell lines. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:30. [PMID: 24742230 PMCID: PMC4014146 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dioscin, a typical steroid saponin, is isolated from Dioscorea nipponica Makino and Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright. It has estrogenic activity and many studies have also reported that dioscorea plants have an effect in preventing and treating osteoporosis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their effect on osteoporosis treatment are poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the mechanism (s) by which dioscin promotes osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation in mouse pre-osteoblast like MC3T3-E1 cells and human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Results We found that dioscin (0.25 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, and 1.0 μg/ml) promoted MC3T3-E1 cells and MG-63 cells proliferation and differentiation dose dependently. Western blot analysis results showed that estrogen receptor α (ER-α), estrogen receptor β (ER-β), β-catenin and Bcl-2 protein expression increased after MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with dioscin. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that dioscin could increase the ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and up-regulate the level of Lrp5 and β-catenin. And by RNA interference analysis, we proved that the effect of dioscin increasing the ratio of OPG/RANKL was dependent on Lrp5 pathway. In addition, we also found that these effects of dioscin were abolished by ICI 182, 780 (100 nM), an antagonist of ER, indicating that an ER signaling pathway was also involved. We also found that dioscin (0.25 μg/ml, 0.5 μg/ml, and 1.0 μg/ml) induced MG-63 cells proliferation and differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis results indicated that ER-α, ER-β and β-catenin protein expression increased after MG-63 cells were treated with dioscin. Conclusions The current study is the first to reveal that dioscin can promote osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation via Lrp5 and ER pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huijun Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dioscin-induced apoptosis of human LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells through activation of caspase-3 and modulation of Bcl-2 protein family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:125-130. [PMID: 24496691 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin is a natural steroid saponin derived from several plants, showing potent anti-cancer effect against a variety of tumor cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of dioscin against human LNCaP cells, and evaluated the possible mechanism involved in its antineoplastic action. It was found that dioscin (1, 2 and 4 μmol/L) could significantly inhibit the viability of LNCaP cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis rate was increased after treatment of LNCaP cells with dioscin for 24 h, indicating that apoptosis was an important mechanism by which dioscin inhibited cancer. Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax in LNCaP cells. The expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly increased, and meanwhile procaspase-3 was markedly decreased. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was down-regulated, whereas the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated. Moreover, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was drastically decreased. These results suggested that dioscin possessed potential anti-tumor activity in human LNCaP cells through the apoptosis pathway, which might be associated with caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein family.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen H, Xu L, Yin L, Xu Y, Han X, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Liu K, Peng J. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis of dioscin on human HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Proteomics 2014; 14:51-73. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Frías González SE, Angeles Anguiano E, Mendoza Herrera A, Escutia Calzada D, Ordaz Pichardo C. Cytotoxic, pro-apoptotic, pro-oxidant, and non-genotoxic activities of a novel copper(II) complex against human cervical cancer. Toxicology 2013; 314:155-65. [PMID: 24012731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin remains one of the most effective current chemotherapeutic agents; however, metal complexes synthesis has increased in order to produce new anti-neoplastic drugs with DNA binding and apoptotic activities in tumor cells and less toxicity for patients. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activity of a novel copper(II) complex (LQM402) against cervical cancer cell lines and found that LQM402 exhibited selective cytotoxicity against HeLa and Ca Ski cells. FITC-annexin assay and DNA fragmentation indicated that apoptosis could be involved in HeLa cell death. Caspase 3/7 and cytochrome c analysis by immunoblotting suggest the intrinsic pathway. LQM402 is a lipid peroxidation inductor according to TBARS production. Additionally, the Ames and micronucleus tests demonstrated non-genotoxic activity for this compound in Salmonella typhimurium and CD1 mice, respectively. Therefore, LQM402 may be a promising and safe anti-cervical cancer compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana E Frías González
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía-IPN, Guillermo Massieu Helguera 239, Fracc. La Escalera, Ticoman, D.F. 07320, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lv L, Zheng L, Dong D, Xu L, Yin L, Xu Y, Qi Y, Han X, Peng J. Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, induces apoptosis and DNA damage through reactive oxygen species: a potential new drug for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:657-69. [PMID: 23871826 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin, a natural product obtained from medicinal plants shows lipid-lowering, anti-cancer and hepatoprotective effects. However, the effect of it on glioblastoma is unclear. In this study, dioscin significantly inhibited proliferation of C6 glioma cells and caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Ca²⁺ release. ROS accumulation affected levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione disulfide and glutathione, and caused cell apoptosis. In addition, ROS generation caused mitochondrial damage including structural changes, increased mitochondrial permeability transition and decreased mitochondria membrane potential, which led to the release of cytochrome C, nuclear translation of programmed cell death-5 and increased activities of caspase-3,9. Simultaneously, dioscin down-regulated protein expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, up-regulated expression of Bak, Bax, Bid and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Also, oxygen stress induced S-phase arrest of cancer cells by way of regulating expression of DNA Topo I, p53, CDK2 and Cyclin A and caused DNA damage. In a rat allograft model, dioscin significantly inhibited tumor size and extended the life cycle of the rats. In conclusion, dioscin shows noteworthy anti-cancer activity on glioblastoma cells by promoting ROS accumulation, inducing DNA damage and activating mitochondrial signal pathways. Ultimately, we believe dioscin has promise as a new therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wei Y, Xu Y, Han X, Qi Y, Xu L, Xu Y, Yin L, Sun H, Liu K, Peng J. Anti-cancer effects of dioscin on three kinds of human lung cancer cell lines through inducing DNA damage and activating mitochondrial signal pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:118-28. [PMID: 23764357 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, has been widely investigated. However, its anti-cancer activities on human lung cancer cells are still unknown. In the present paper, the inhibitory effects of dioscin were investigated, and the results showed that dioscin inhibited the proliferation of human A549, NCI-H446 and NCI-H460 cancer cells. DNA damage and cell apoptosis in dioscin-treated cells were found through single cell gel electrophoresis and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays. Furthermore, dioscin caused mitochondrial structure changes and blocked cell cycle at S phase based on transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry analysis. In addition, dioscin treatment caused the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol. The activities of Caspase-3 and -9 in dioscin-treated groups were significantly increased compared with control group. Western blotting analysis showed that dioscin significantly down-regulated the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and up-regulated the expressions of Bax, Bak and Bid. Our results indicate that dioscin has anticancer activities against human lung cancer cells through inducing cell cycle arrest, DNA damage and activating mitochondrial signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang YH, Yeh HW, Wang HW, Yu CC, Guh JH, Liu DZ, Liang PH. Synthesis of a chlorogenin glycoside library using an orthogonal protecting group strategy. Carbohydr Res 2013; 375:118-35. [PMID: 23707361 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring spirostanol saponins bear a chacotriose, α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-glucopyranose residue as the oligosaccharide moiety which is believed to be important for biological activity. Herein the development of a concise, combinatorial method for the synthesis of two series of glycan variants at the 2' and/or 4' positions of chacotriose is described and the structure-activity relationships of the glycone part at 3-OH of chlorogenin investigated. These compounds were found to be weakly-cytotoxic toward leukemia cell lines CCRF and HL-20, indicating that the chacotriose moiety is important for anticancer activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hsieh MJ, Tsai TL, Hsieh YS, Wang CJ, Chiou HL. Dioscin-induced autophagy mitigates cell apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK and JNK signaling pathways in human lung cancer cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2013. [PMID: 23552851 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has revealed that dioscin, a compound with anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anticancer and hepatoprotective effects, may induce autophagy in hepatoma cells. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival and tissue homeostasis. In this study, the role of autophagy and related signaling pathways during dioscin-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells was investigated. Results from 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and annexin-V/PI double-staining assay showed that caspase-3- and caspase-8-dependent, and dose-dependent apoptoses were detected after a 24-h dioscin treatment. Meanwhile, autophagy was detected as early as 12 h after an exposure to low-dose dioscin, as indicated by an up-regulated expression of LC3-II and beclin-1 proteins. Blockade of autophagy with bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyladenine sensitized the A549 and H1299 cells to apoptosis. Treatment of A549 and H1299 cells with dioscin caused a dose-dependent increase in ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activity, accompanied with a decreased PI3K expression and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time that autophagy occurred earlier than apoptosis during dioscin-induced human lung cancer cell line apoptosis. Dioscin-induced autophagy via ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways may provide a protective mechanism for cell survival against dioscin-induced apoptosis to act as a cytoprotective reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1 Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Te-Lung Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, 690, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1 Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hsieh MJ, Tsai TL, Hsieh YS, Wang CJ, Chiou HL. Dioscin-induced autophagy mitigates cell apoptosis through modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK and JNK signaling pathways in human lung cancer cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1927-1937. [PMID: 23552851 PMCID: PMC3824840 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has revealed that dioscin, a compound with anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, anticancer and hepatoprotective effects, may induce autophagy in hepatoma cells. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival and tissue homeostasis. In this study, the role of autophagy and related signaling pathways during dioscin-induced apoptosis in human lung cancer cells was investigated. Results from 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and annexin-V/PI double-staining assay showed that caspase-3- and caspase-8-dependent, and dose-dependent apoptoses were detected after a 24-h dioscin treatment. Meanwhile, autophagy was detected as early as 12 h after an exposure to low-dose dioscin, as indicated by an up-regulated expression of LC3-II and beclin-1 proteins. Blockade of autophagy with bafilomycin A1 or 3-methyladenine sensitized the A549 and H1299 cells to apoptosis. Treatment of A549 and H1299 cells with dioscin caused a dose-dependent increase in ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activity, accompanied with a decreased PI3K expression and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Taken together, this study demonstrated for the first time that autophagy occurred earlier than apoptosis during dioscin-induced human lung cancer cell line apoptosis. Dioscin-induced autophagy via ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathways may provide a protective mechanism for cell survival against dioscin-induced apoptosis to act as a cytoprotective reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1 Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Te-Lung Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, 690, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1 Chien-Kuo N. Road, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Eid SY, El-Readi MZ, Wink M. Digitonin synergistically enhances the cytotoxicity of plant secondary metabolites in cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1307-1314. [PMID: 23062361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In phytotherapy, extracts from medicinal plants are employed which contain mixtures of secondary metabolites. Their modes of action are complex because the secondary metabolites can react with single or multiple targets. The components in a mixture can exert additive or even synergistic activities. In this study, the cytotoxicity of some phytochemicals, including phenolics (EGCG and thymol), terpenoids (menthol, aromadendrene, β-sitosterol-O-glucoside, and β-carotene) and alkaloids (glaucine, harmine, and sanguinarine) were investigated alone or in combination with the cytotoxic monodesmosidic steroidal saponin digitonin in Caco-2, MCF-7, CEM/ADR5000, and CCRF-CEM cells. Digitonin was combined in non-toxic concentrations (5μM in each cell line; except in MCF-7 the concentration was 2μM), together with a selection of phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids to evaluate potential synergistic or additive effects. An enhanced cytotoxicity was observed in most combinations. Even multi-drug resistant (MDR) cells (such as CEM/ADR5000 cells), with a high expression of P-glycoprotein, were responsive to combinations. Sanguinarine was the most cytotoxic alkaloid against CEM/ADR5000, MCF-7, and CCRF-CEM cells alone and in combination with digitonin. As compared to sanguinarine alone, the combination was 44.53-, 15.38-, and 6.65-fold more toxic in each cell line, respectively. Most combinations synergistically increased the cytotoxicity, stressing the importance of synergy when using multi-target drugs and mixtures in phytotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Yehia Eid
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Eid SY, El-Readi MZ, Wink M. Synergism of three-drug combinations of sanguinarine and other plant secondary metabolites with digitonin and doxorubicin in multi-drug resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:1288-1297. [PMID: 23146422 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We determined the ability of some phytochemicals, including alkaloids (glaucine, harmine, and sanguinarine), phenolics (EGCG and thymol), and terpenoids (menthol, aromadendrene, β-sitosterol-O-glucoside, and β-carotene), alone or in combination with the saponin digitonin to reverse the relative multi-drug resistance of Caco-2 and CEM/ADR5000 cells to the chemotherapeutical agent doxorubicin. The IC(50) of doxorubicin in Caco-2 and CEM/ADR5000 was 4.22 and 44.08μM, respectively. Combination of non-toxic concentrations of individual secondary metabolite with doxorubicin synergistically sensitized Caco-2 and CEM/ADR5000 cells, and significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. Furthermore, three-drug combinations (secondary metabolite+digitonin+doxorubicin) were even more powerful. The best synergist was the benzophenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine. It reduced the IC(50) value of doxorubicin 17.58-fold in two-drug combinations (sanguinarine+doxorubicin) and even 35.17-fold in three-drug combinations (sanguinarine+digitonin+doxorubicin) in Caco-2 cells. Thus synergistic drug combinations offer the possibility to enhance doxorubicin efficacy in chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Safaa Yehia Eid
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Autophagy inhibition enhances apoptosis induced by dioscin in huh7 cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:134512. [PMID: 23193420 PMCID: PMC3501832 DOI: 10.1155/2012/134512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research results support the application of herbal medicine or natural food as an augment during therapy for various cancers. However, the effect of dioscin on tumor cells autophagy has not been clearly clarified. In this study, the unique effects of dioscin on autophagy of hepatoma cells were investigated. Results found that dioscin induced caspase-3- and -9-dependent cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation significantly abolished the dioscin-induced apoptosis. In addition, dioscin triggered cell autophagy in early stages. With autophagy inhibitors to hinder the autophagy process, dioscin-induced cell apoptosis was significantly enhanced. An inhibition of caspase activation did not affect the dioscin-induced LC3-II protein expression. Based on the results, we believed that while apoptosis was blocked, dioscin-induced autophagy process also diminished in Huh7 cells. In conclusion, this study indicates that dioscin causes autophagy in Huh7 cells and suggests that dioscin has a cytoprotective effect.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lu B, Xu Y, Xu L, Cong X, Yin L, Li H, Peng J. Mechanism investigation of dioscin against CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:127-135. [PMID: 22516057 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of the ameliorating effects of dioscin against CCl(4) induced acute liver damage are investigated in this study. Dioscin significantly inhibited (p<0.01) the increases of serum ALT and AST activities compared with the CCl(4)-treated animals. The hepatic lipid peroxidation formation and, concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were also decreased. Liver histopathologic studies and a DNA laddering assay indicated that dioscin protected hepatocytes against CCl(4)-induced apoptosis and necrosis. Furthermore, dioscin decreased the protein expressions of Fas/FasL, increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, inhibited the release of cytochrome c from mitochondrion to cytosol and attenuated CCl(4)-induced caspase-3 and -8 activities. The expressions of ICAM-1, vimentin, prohibitin, HGF, c-MET and GSTA1 were also regulated by dioscin and iNOS was also involved in the effects of this agent. These protective effects against CCl(4) induced acute liver damage might be through inhibiting lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, necrosis and apoptosis, and dioscin shows promise for development toward the treatment of acute chemically mediated liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binan Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yousong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaonan Cong
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kim YS, Kim EA, Park KG, Lee SJ, Kim MS, Sohn HY, Lee TJ. Dioscin sensitizes cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through downregulation of c-FLIP and Bcl-2. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:1910-6. [PMID: 22895655 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has received attention as a potential anticancer drug, because it induces apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells but not in most normal human cell types. Here, we showed that co-treatment with subtoxic doses of dioscin and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Caki human renal cancer cells. Treatment of Caki cells with dioscin downregulated c-FLIPL and Bcl-2 proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Dioscin-induced decrease in c-FLIPL protein levels may be caused by the increased protein instability. We also found that dioscin induced downregulation of Bcl-2 at the transcriptional level. Pretreatment with NAC slightly inhibited the expression levels of c-FLIPL downregulated by the treatment of dioscin, suggesting that dioscin is partially dependent on the generation of ROS for downregulation of c-FLIPL. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that dioscin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human renal cancer cells by downregulation of c-FLIPL and Bcl-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-090, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|