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Geng Q, Yan L, Shi C, Zhang L, Li L, Lu P, Cao Z, Li L, He X, Tan Y, Zhao N, Liu B, Lu C. Therapeutic effects of flavonoids on pulmonary fibrosis: A preclinical meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155807. [PMID: 38876010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of flavonoid supplementation in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis has been demonstrated. PURPOSE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of flavonoids in animal models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN Relevant studies (n = 45) were identified from English- and Chinese-language databases from the inception of the database until October 2023. METHODS Methodological quality was evaluated using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. Statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0. Lung inflammation and fibrosis score were the primary outcome indicators. RESULTS Flavonoids can alleviate pathological changes in the lungs. The beneficial effects of flavonoids on pulmonary fibrosis likely relate to their inhibition of inflammatory responses, restoration of oxidative and antioxidant homeostasis, and regulation of fibroblast proliferation, migration, and activation by transforming growth factor β1/mothers against the decapentaplegic homologue/AMP-activated protein kinase (TGF-β1/Smad3/AMPK), inhibitor kappa B alpha/nuclear factor-kappa B (IκBα/NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, interleukin 6/signal transducer/activator of transcription 3 (IL6/STAT3), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) pathways. CONCLUSION Flavonoids are potential candidate compounds for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. However, extensive preclinical research is necessary to confirm the antifibrotic properties of natural flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Geng
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Lan Yan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Changqi Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Peipei Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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Jin F, Fan P, Wu Y, Yang Q, Li J, Liu H. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Natural Products as Therapeutic Interventions for Chronic Respiratory Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:57-88. [PMID: 38353634 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are long-term conditions affecting the airways and other lung components that are characterized by a high prevalence, disability rate, and mortality rate. Further optimization of their treatment is required. Natural products, primarily extracted from organisms, possess specific molecular and structural formulas as well as distinct chemical and physical properties. These characteristics grant them the advantages of safety, gentleness, accessibility, and minimal side effects. The numerous advances in the use of natural products for treating chronic respiratory diseases have provided a steady source of motivation for new drug research and development. In this paper, we introduced the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases and natural products. Furthermore, we classified natural products according to their mechanism for treating chronic respiratory diseases and describe the ways in which these products can alleviate the pathological symptoms. Simultaneously, we elaborate on the signal transduction pathways and biological impacts of natural products' targeting. Additionally, we present future prospects for natural products, considering their combination treatment approaches and administration methods. The significance of this review extends to both the research on preventing and treating chronic respiratory diseases, as well as the advancement of novel drug development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pengbei Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhen Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Mostafa A, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Elhady HA, Mohamed EA, Eledrdery AY, Alruwaili SH, Al-Abd AM, Allayeh AK. Dual action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in virus-induced cell Injury. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:145. [PMID: 38012348 PMCID: PMC10682343 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections cause damage and long-term injury to infected human tissues, demanding therapy with antiviral and wound healing medications. Consequently, safe phytochemical molecules that may control viral infections with an ability to provide wound healing to viral-induced tissue injuries, either topically or systemically, are advantageous. Herein, we hypothesized that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, might be effective as a wound healing, antiviral, and antifibrotic therapy. RESULTS The antiviral activities of EGCG against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) as well as its wound healing activities against different monolayer tissue (continuous and primary) systems were investigated. Consider its possible wound-healing advantages as well. To determine the safe concentrations of EGCG in green monkey kidney (Vero) and Vero-E6 cell lines, MTT assay was performed and showed high CC50 values of 405.1 and 322.9 μM, respectively. The antiviral activities of EGCG against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2, measured as half-maximal concentration 50 (IC50) concentrations, were 36.28 and 59.88 μM, respectively. These results confirm that the EGCG has remarkable viral inhibitory activities and could successfully suppress the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2 in vitro with acceptable selectivity indices (SI) of 11.16 and 5.39, respectively. In parallel, the EGCG exhibits significant and dose/time-dependent anti-migration effects in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), its resistant variation (MCF-7adr), and human skin fibroblast (HSF) indicating their potential to heal injuries in different internal and topical mammalian systems. CONCLUSIONS The EGCG has proven to be an efficient antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and HSV-2, as well as a wound-healing phytochemical. We assume that EGCG may be a promising option for slowing the course of acute cellular damage induced by systemic (Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)) or topical (HSV-2) viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA.
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department and Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, 11564, Skaka, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Esraa Ahmed Mohamed
- Virology Department, Nawah Scientific Co, Almokattam Mall, Street 9, Egypt, 11562, El Mokattam, Egypt
| | - Abozer Y Eledrdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf Uni-Versity, 11564, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sager Holyl Alruwaili
- Department of Surgery, Orthopedic Division, College of Medicine, Jouf University, 11564, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Al-Abd
- Pharmacology Department, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdou Kamal Allayeh
- Water Pollution Department, Virology Laboratory, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Shimoji K, Nakashima T, Masuda T, Namba M, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Horimasu Y, Mimae T, Miyamoto S, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Okada M, Hattori N. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α modulates interstitial pneumonia-mediated lung cancer progression. J Transl Med 2023; 21:857. [PMID: 38012636 PMCID: PMC10680219 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with lung cancer accompanied by interstitial pneumonia is poorer than that of patients with lung cancer but without interstitial pneumonia. Moreover, the available therapeutic interventions for lung cancer patients with interstitial pneumonia are limited. Therefore, a new treatment strategy for these patients is required. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathophysiological relationship between interstitial pneumonia and lung cancer and explore potential therapeutic agents. METHODS A novel hybrid murine model of lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia was established via bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis followed by orthotopic lung cancer cell transplantation into the lungs. Changes in tumor progression, lung fibrosis, RNA expression, cytokine levels, and tumor microenvironment in the lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia model were investigated, and therapeutic agents were examined. Additionally, clinical data and samples from patients with lung cancer accompanied by interstitial pneumonia were analyzed to explore the potential clinical significance of the findings. RESULTS In the lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia model, accelerated tumor growth was observed based on an altered tumor microenvironment. RNA sequencing analysis revealed upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway. These findings were consistent with those obtained for human samples. Moreover, we explored whether ascorbic acid could be an alternative treatment for lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia to avoid the disadvantages of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 inhibitors. Ascorbic acid successfully downregulated the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway and inhibited tumor progression and lung fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 pathway is critical in lung cancer with interstitial pneumonia and could be a therapeutic target for mitigating interstitial pneumonia-mediated lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyofumi Shimoji
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Namba
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Wang MC. Natural plant resource flavonoids as potential therapeutic drugs for pulmonary fibrosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19308. [PMID: 37664726 PMCID: PMC10470008 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an enduring and advancing pulmonary interstitial disease caused by multiple factors that ultimately lead to structural changes in normal lung tissue. Currently, pulmonary fibrosis is a global disease with a high degree of heterogeneity and mortality rate. Nitidine and pirfenidone have been approved for treating pulmonary fibrosis, and the quest for effective therapeutic drugs remains unabated. In recent years, the anti-pulmonary fibrosis properties of natural flavonoids have garnered heightened attention, although further research is needed. In this paper, the resources, structural characteristics, anti-pulmonary fibrosis properties and mechanisms of natural flavonoids were reviewed. We hope to provide potential opportunities for the application of flavonoids in the fight against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, China
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6
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Murata M, Marugame Y, Morozumi M, Murata K, Kumazoe M, Fujimura Y, Tachibana H. (-)‑Epigallocatechin‑3‑ O‑gallate upregulates the expression levels of miR‑6757‑3p, a suppressor of fibrosis‑related gene expression, in extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:19. [PMID: 36776784 PMCID: PMC9912138 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a severe interstitial pulmonary disease, has such a poor prognosis, the development of prevention and treatment methods is imperative. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), one of the major catechins in green tea, exerts an antifibrotic effect, although its mechanism remains unclear. Recently, it has been reported that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) transported by extracellular vesicles (EVs) from vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are involved in PF. In the present study, the effects of EGCG on the expression of miRNAs in EVs derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed and miRNAs with antifibrotic activity were identified. miRNA microarray analysis revealed that EGCG modulated the expression levels of 31 miRNAs (a total of 27 miRNAs were upregulated, and 4 miRNAs were downregulated.) in EVs from HUVECs. Furthermore, TargetScan analysis indicated that miR-6757-3p in particular, which exhibited the highest degree of change, may target transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor 1 (TGFBR1). To evaluate the effects of miR-6757-3p on TGFBR1 expression, human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were transfected with an miR-6757-3p mimic. The results demonstrated that the miR-6757-3p mimic downregulated the expression of TGFBR1 as well the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes including fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin in TGF-β-treated HFL-1 cells. In summary, EGCG upregulated the expression levels of miR-6757-3p, which may target TGFBR1 and downregulate fibrosis-related genes, in EVs derived from VECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Murata
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan,Advanced Research Support Center (ADRES), Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Marugame
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mai Morozumi
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Murata
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan,Correspondence to: Professor Hirofumi Tachibana, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Markers of Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031857. [PMID: 36768179 PMCID: PMC9916388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of silica particles causes inflammatory changes leading to fibrotizing silicosis. Considering a lack of effective therapy, and a growing information on the wide actions of green tea polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the aim of this study was to evaluate the early effects of EGCG on markers of inflammation and lung fibrosis in silicotic rats. The silicosis model was induced by a single transoral intratracheal instillation of silica (50 mg/mL/animal), while controls received an equivalent volume of saline. The treatment with intraperitoneal EGCG (20 mg/kg, or saline in controls) was initiated the next day after silica instillation and was given twice a week. Animals were euthanized 14 or 28 days after the treatment onset, and the total and differential counts of leukocytes in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), wet/dry lung weight ratio, and markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in the lung were determined. The presence of collagen and smooth muscle mass in the walls of bronchioles and lung vessels was investigated immunohistochemically. Early treatment with EGCG showed some potential to alleviate inflammation, and a trend to decrease oxidative stress-induced changes, including apoptosis, and a prevention of fibrotic changes in the bronchioles and pulmonary vessels. However, further investigations should be undertaken to elucidate the effects of EGCG in the lung silicosis model in more detail. In addition, because of insufficient data from EGCG delivery in silicosis, the positive and eventual adverse effects of this herbal compound should be carefully studied before any preventive use or therapy with EGCG may be recommended.
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Ge J, Song T, Li M, Chen W, Li J, Gong S, Zhao Y, Ma L, Yu H, Li X, Fu K. The medicinal value of tea drinking in the management of COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12968. [PMID: 36647394 PMCID: PMC9833859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is presently the largest international public health event, individuals infected by the virus not only have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and lung infection at the time of onset, but also possibly have sequelae in the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system, mental health and other aspects. However, numerous studies have depicted that the active ingredients in tea show good antiviral effects and can treat various diseases by regulating multiple pathways, and the therapeutic effects are associated with the categories of chemical components in tea. In this review, the differences in the content of key active ingredients in different types of tea are summarized. In addition, we also highlighted their effects on COVID-19 and connected sequelae, further demonstrating the possibility of developing a formulation for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its sequelae through tea extracts. We have a tendency to suggest forestalling and treating COVID-19 and its sequelae through scientific tea drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Ge
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Sihan Gong
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Wuxi Century Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Xiankuan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kun Fu
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300120, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. 69 Increasen Road, Hebei District, Tianjin, China.
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Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Polyphenol (‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Relation to Molecular Pathways Controlling Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010340. [PMID: 36613784 PMCID: PMC9820274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(‒)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea. Thanks to multiple interactions with cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and nuclear transcription factors, EGCG possesses a wide variety of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic, anti-remodelation, and tissue-protective properties which may be useful in the treatment of various diseases, particularly in cancer, and neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic disorders. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in the above-mentioned disorders in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis.
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Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG): A Time for a New Player in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081566. [PMID: 36009285 PMCID: PMC9405266 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol of green tea that possesses a wide variety of actions. EGCG acts as a strong antioxidant which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits pro-oxidant enzymes including NADPH oxidase, activates antioxidant systems including superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione, and reduces abundant production of nitric oxide metabolites by inducible nitric oxide synthase. ECGC also exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-apoptotic, anti-tumorous, and metabolic effects via modulation of a variety of intracellular signaling cascades. Based on this knowledge, the use of EGCG could be of benefit in respiratory diseases with acute or chronic inflammatory, oxidative, and fibrotizing processes in their pathogenesis. This article reviews current information on the biological effects of EGCG in those respiratory diseases or animal models in which EGCG has been administered, i.e., acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory infections, COVID-19, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, and lung embolism, and critically discusses effectiveness of EGCG administration in these respiratory disorders. For this review, articles in English language from the PubMed database were used.
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Wang L, Zhu T, Feng D, Li R, Zhang C. Polyphenols from Chinese Herbal Medicine: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1063-1094. [PMID: 35475972 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a highly confounding and fatal pathological process with finite treatment options. Multiple factors such as oxidative and immune/inflammation involve key pathological processes in chronic lung disease, and their intimate interactions mediate chronic lung damage, denudation of the alveolar epithelium, hyperproliferation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs), proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, and the permeability of microvessels. We reviewed the classic mechanism of PF and highlighted a few emerging mechanisms for studying complex networks in lung disease pathology. Polyphenols, as a multi-target drug, has excellent potential in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. We then reviewed recent advances in discovering phenolic compounds from fruits, tea, and medical herbs with the bioactivities of simultaneously regulating multiple factors (e.g., oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis) for minimizing pulmonary fibrosis injury. These compounds include resveratrol, curcumin, salvianolic acid B, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, gallic acid, corilagin. Each phenolic compound can exert its anti-PF effect through various mechanisms, and the signaling pathways involved in different phenolic compounds are not the same. This review summarized the available evidence on phenolic compounds' effectiveness in pulmonary diseases and explored the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of phenolic compounds from Chinese herbal medicine with the properties of inhibition of ongoing fibrogenesis and resolution of existing fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Institute of Neuroregeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Deqin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Renshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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12
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Estornut C, Milara J, Bayarri MA, Belhadj N, Cortijo J. Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794997. [PMID: 35126133 PMCID: PMC8815729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and in different clinical trials. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IPF and its underlying mechanisms as well as the evidence of oxidative stress in human IPF. Finally, we analyze the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the current status of different drugs developed to inhibit the oxidative stress as anti-fibrotic therapy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nada Belhadj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Wang Y, He Y, Rayman MP, Zhang J. Prospective Selective Mechanism of Emerging Senolytic Agents Derived from Flavonoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12418-12423. [PMID: 34662116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells (SCs) are associated with the onset and development of multiple chronic diseases. Selective clearance of SCs by senolytic drugs is a potential therapeutic option for a number of age-related diseases. Among senolytic candidates, only dasatinib with quercetin and fisetin meet the rigorous criteria for senolytic drugs, according to a modified version of Koch's postulates. It is astonishing that two of the three agents, i.e., quercetin and fisetin, are flavonoids, although the mechanism by which they preferentially eliminate SCs is unclear. Herein, we propose a possible selective mechanism; prooxidant activities of quercetin or fisetin are inevitably involved in killing apoptosis-resistant SCs. Among the dietary flavonoids, quercetin is a potent redox-active flavonoid with strong prooxidant activities, and transition metals, such as copper and iron, hugely amplify its prooxidant activities. Fisetin, which has higher senolytic activities than quercetin, has higher prooxidant effects than quercetin in the absence or presence of copper. It appears that the prooxidant activity of flavonoids is an important consideration for screening senolytics. SCs accumulate high levels of copper and iron, and the selective mechanism of quercetin or fisetin is probably associated with copper/iron-promoted oxidative damage in SCs. Copper and iron dramatically enhanced the prooxidant effects of the flavonoid, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, having shown a depletion effect on SCs in rats and high therapeutic efficacy in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, largely caused by SCs. Further investigation to evaluate whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate is a senolytic drug, according to Koch's postulates, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Bi K, He Y, Yan W, Yang CS, Zhang J. Potential protective mechanisms of green tea polyphenol EGCG against COVID-19. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021; 114:11-24. [PMID: 34054222 PMCID: PMC8146271 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The world is in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential protective effects of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major constituent of green tea, against COVID-19. Scope and approach Information from literature of clinical symptoms and molecular pathology of COVID-19 as well as relevant publications in which EGCG shows potential protective activities against COVID-19 is integrated and evaluated. Key findings and conclusions EGCG, via activating Nrf2, can suppress ACE2 (a cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2) and TMPRSS2, which mediate cell entry of the virus. Through inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease, EGCG may inhibit viral reproduction. EGCG via its broad antioxidant activity may protect against SARS-CoV-2 evoked mitochondrial ROS (which promote SARS-CoV-2 replication) and against ROS burst inflicted by neutrophil extracellular traps. By suppressing ER-resident GRP78 activity and expression, EGCG can potentially inhibit SARS-CoV-2 life cycle. EGCG also shows protective effects against 1) cytokine storm-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, 2) thrombosis via suppressing tissue factors and activating platelets, 3) sepsis by inactivating redox-sensitive HMGB1, and 4) lung fibrosis through augmenting Nrf2 and suppressing NF-κB. These activities remain to be further substantiated in animals and humans. The possible concerted actions of EGCG suggest the importance of further studies on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in humans. These results also call for epidemiological studies on potential preventive effects of green tea drinking on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Keyi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yufeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8020, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Rajasekaran S, Rajasekar N, Sivanantham A. Therapeutic potential of plant-derived tannins in non-malignant respiratory diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108632. [PMID: 33794331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the major cause of human illness and death around the world. Despite advances in detection and treatment, very few classes of safe and effective therapy have been introduced to date. At present, phytochemicals are getting more attention because of their diverse beneficial activities and minimal toxicity. Tannins are polyphenolic secondary metabolites with high molecular weights, which are naturally present in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, cereals, and leguminous seeds. Many tannins are endowed with well-recognized protective properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, and many others. This review summarizes a large body of experimental evidence implicating that tannins are helpful in tackling a wide range of non-malignant respiratory diseases including acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mechanistic pathways by which various classes of tannins execute their beneficial effects are discussed. In addition, clinical trials and our perspective on future research with tannins are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Nandhine Rajasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, BIT-Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayyanar Sivanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, BIT-Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang Y, Li M, Cui E, Zhang H, Zhu X, Zhou J, Yan M, Sun J. Dexmedetomidine attenuates sevoflurane‑induced neurocognitive impairment through α2‑adrenoceptors. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:38. [PMID: 33179100 PMCID: PMC7684862 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that sevoflurane induces neurotoxicity in the developing brain. Dexmedetomidine is an α2 adrenoceptor agonist used for the prevention of sevoflurane‑induced agitation in children in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to determine whether dexmedetomidine could prevent sevoflurane‑induced neuroapoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neurocognitive impairment. Additionally, the involvement of α2 adrenoceptors in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine was assessed. Postnatal day (P)6 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 in each group). Mice were pretreated with dexmedetomidine, either alone or together with yohimbine, an α2 adrenoceptor inhibitor, then exposed to 3% sevoflurane in 25% oxygen. Control mice either received normal saline alone or with sevoflurane exposure. Following sevoflurane exposure, the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 was detected by immunohistochemistry in hippocampal tissue sections. In addition, the levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6 and malondialdehyde, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the hippocampus were measured. At P35, the learning and memory abilities were assessed in each mouse using a Morris water maze test. Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the expression of activated caspase‑3 following sevoflurane exposure. Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the levels of TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6 in the hippocampus. SOD activity also increased in a dose‑dependent manner in dexmedetomidine‑treated mice. MDA decreased in a dose‑dependent manner in dexmedetomidine‑treated mice. Lastly, sevoflurane‑induced learning and memory impairment was reversed by dexmedetomidine treatment. By contrast, co‑administration of yohimbine significantly attenuated the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine. These findings suggested that dexmedetomidine exerted a neuroprotective effect against sevoflurane‑induced apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurocognitive impairment, which was mediated, at least in part, by α2 adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Enhui Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Huai'an Maternity and Child Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223002, P.R. China
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17
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Insights into the Role of Bioactive Food Ingredients and the Microbiome in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176051. [PMID: 32842664 PMCID: PMC7503951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease mainly associated with aging and, to date, its causes are still largely unknown. It has been shown that dietary habits can accelerate or delay the occurrence of aging-related diseases; however, their potential role in IPF development has been underestimated so far. The present review summarizes the evidence regarding the relationship between diet and IPF in humans, and in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, in which we discuss the bioactivity of specific dietary food ingredients, including fatty acids, peptides, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. Interestingly, many animal studies reveal preventive and therapeutic effects of particular compounds. Furthermore, it has been recently suggested that the lung and gut microbiota could be involved in IPF, a relationship which may be linked to changes in immunological and inflammatory factors. Thus, all the evidence so far puts forward the idea that the gut-lung axis could be modulated by dietary factors, which in turn have an influence on IPF development. Overall, the data reviewed here support the notion of identifying food ingredients with potential benefits in IPF, with the ultimate aim of designing nutritional approaches as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy.
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18
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Ahmad A, Alkharfy KM, Jan BL, Ahad A, Ansari MA, Al-Jenoobi FI, Raish M. Thymoquinone treatment modulates the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and abrogates the inflammatory response in an animal model of lung fibrosis. Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:53-63. [PMID: 32053036 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1726529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the therapeutic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis (BMILF) and elucidates the target-signaling pathway for its effect. Lung fibrosis was induced in rats by a single intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin (BM) (6.5 U/kg) followed by thymoquinone treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) for 28 days. Control rats received saline instead of TQ. Changes in body weight, inflammatory cells count, cytokines levels, and biochemical parameters of the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were recorded. In addition, a histopathology examination and western blotting were performed on lung tissues. BM administration resulted in a significant weight loss, which was ameliorated by TQ treatment. BMILF was associated with a reduction in the antioxidant mechanisms and increased lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-7 expression, apoptotic markers (caspase 3, Bax, and Bcl-2), and fibrotic changes including TGF-β and hydroxyproline levels in lung tissues were evident. These abnormalities were diminished with TQ treatment. Likewise, altered total and differential cell count in BALF was significantly improved in rats treated with TQ. TQ also produced a dose-dependent reduction in the expressions of Nrf2, Ho-1 and TGF-β. These results propose that the Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathway is a principal target for TQ protective effect against BMILF in rats. Furthermore, TQ decreases inflammatory oxidative stress possibly through the modulation of nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) and thereby minimization of collagen deposition in the lung. Therefore, TQ can be developed as a potential therapeutic modularity in BMILF for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basit Latief Jan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Non-canonical (non-SMAD2/3) TGF-β signaling in fibrosis: Mechanisms and targets. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:115-122. [PMID: 31883994 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β uses several intracellular signaling pathways besides canonical ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Several of these so-called non-canonical (non-Smad2/3) pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and may therefore represent targets for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of non-canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrosis, the potential molecular targets and the use of agonists/antagonists for therapeutic intervention.
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20
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Pompili S, Sferra R, Gaudio E, Viscido A, Frieri G, Vetuschi A, Latella G. Can Nrf2 Modulate the Development of Intestinal Fibrosis and Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4061. [PMID: 31434263 PMCID: PMC6720292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main mechanisms carried out by the cells to counteract several forms of stress is the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling. Nrf2 signaling controls the expression of many genes through the binding of a specific cis-acting element known as the antioxidant response element (ARE). Activation of Nrf2/ARE signaling can mitigate several pathologic mechanisms associated with an autoimmune response, digestive and metabolic disorders, as well as respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 pathway plays a key role in inflammation and in cancer development in many organs, including the intestine. Nrf2 appears to be involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), an immune-mediated chronic and disabling disease, with a high risk of developing intestinal fibrotic strictures and cancer. Currently, drugs able to increase cytoprotective Nrf2 function are in clinical trials or already being used in clinical practice to reduce the progression of some degenerative conditions. The role of Nrf2 in cancer development and progression is controversial, and drugs able to inhibit abnormal levels of Nrf2 are also under investigation. The goal of this review is to analyze and discuss Nrf2-dependent signals in the initiation and progression of intestinal fibrosis and cancers occurring in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Pompili
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberta Sferra
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Viscido
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frieri
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Vetuschi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Li L, Zhao J, Zhou L, Chen J, Ma Y, Yu Y, Cheng J. Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by upregulating the NS5ATP9 and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Respir Res 2019; 20:163. [PMID: 31331325 PMCID: PMC6647111 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and irreversible disease for which therapeutic options are currently limited. A recent in vivo study showed that tenofovir, a nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor, had direct antifibrotic effects on skin and liver fibrosis. Another study in vitro revealed that NS5ATP9 inhibited the activation of human hepatic stellate cells. Because of the similarity of fibrotic diseases, we hypothesized that tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), the prodrug of tenofovir, and NS5ATP9, is related to and plays a role in the suppression of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods We investigated the influence of NS5ATP9 on fibrosis in vitro. Human lung fibroblasts (HFL1) were transfected with short interfering RNAs or overexpression plasmids of NS5ATP9 before stimulation by human recombinant transforming growth factor-β1. The effect of TAF was evaluated in a bleomycin-induced fibrosis murine model. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with bleomycin on day 0 by intratracheal injection and intragastrically administered TAF or vehicle. Left lung sections were fixed for histological analysis, while homogenates of the right lung sections and HFL1 cells were analyzed by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results NS5ATP9 suppressed the activation of lung fibroblasts. Upregulation of collagen type 3 (α 1 chain) and α-smooth muscle actin was observed in HFL1 cells when NS5ATP9 was silenced, and vice-versa. TAF also showed anti-fibrotic effects in mice, as demonstrated by histological analysis of fibrosis and expression of extracellular matrix components in the lung sections. Additionally, TAF inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 and phosphorylated-Smad3 synthesis in HFL1 cells and the murine model, which was accompanied by upregulation of NS5ATP9. Conclusions Our results suggest that NS5ATP9 forms a negative feedback pathway in pulmonary fibrosis and TAF has anti-fibrotic properties as it upregulates the expression level of NS5ATP9. As TAF has been shown to be safe and well-tolerated in humans, TAF and NS5ATP9 may be useful for developing novel therapeutics for pulmonary fibrosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1102-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.,Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing; Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing; Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing; Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing; Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing; Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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de Araújo RL, Savazzi S, Fujimori M, Deluque A, Honório-França EL, Pertuzatti Konda PB, Honório-França AC. Effects of Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) Fruit Extract Adsorbed onto PEG Microspheres in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Co-Cultured with Blood Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1995-2001. [PMID: 31350956 PMCID: PMC6745223 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.7.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the antitumor effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres with adsorbed Hancornia speciosa ethanolic extract (HSEE) on blood mononuclear (MN) cells co-cultured with MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Methods: PEG microspheres were adsorbed with HSEE and examined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. MCF-7 and MN cells obtained from volunteer donors were pre-incubated alone or co-cultured (MN and MCF-7 cells) for 24 h with or without HSEE, PEG microspheres or PEG adsorbed with HSEE (PEG-HSEE). Cell viability, superoxide release and superoxide dismutase were determined. Results: Fluorescence microscopy showed that PEG microspheres were able to absorb HSEE throughout their surface. Irrespective of the treatment, the viability index of MN cells, MCF-7 and their co-culture was not affected. Superoxide release increased in co-cultured cells treated with HSEE, adsorbed or not onto PEG microspheres. In co-cultured cells, SOD levels in culture supernatant increased in the treatment with HSEE, adsorbed onto PEG microspheres or not. Conclusion: HSEE has direct effects on MN cells co-cultured with MCF-7 cells. The results suggest the benefits of Hancornia speciosa fruit consumption by women at risk of breast cancer. In addition, because PEG-HSEE maintained oxidative balance in co-cultured cells, it is a promising alternative for the treatment of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Lázara de Araújo
- Post Graduate Program in Material Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Suiane Savazzi
- Post Graduate Program in Material Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Mahmi Fujimori
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Deluque
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luzia Honório-França
- Post Graduate Program in Material Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Adenilda Cristina Honório-França
- Post Graduate Program in Material Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
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Tsai MJ, Chang WA, Liao SH, Chang KF, Sheu CC, Kuo PL. The Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) on Pulmonary Fibroblasts of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)-A Next-Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1958. [PMID: 31013581 PMCID: PMC6514693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disabling and lethal chronic progressive pulmonary disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenol, which is the major biological component of green tea. The anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects of EGCG have been shown in some studies, whereas its effects in altering gene expression in pulmonary fibroblasts have not been systematically investigated. This study aimed to explore the effect of EGCG on gene expression profiles in fibroblasts of IPF. The pulmonary fibroblasts from an IPF patient were treated with either EGCG or water, and the expression profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs were determined by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and analyzed with the bioinformatics approach. A total of 61 differentially expressed genes and 56 differentially expressed microRNAs were found in EGCG-treated IPF fibroblasts. Gene ontology analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the biosynthetic and metabolic processes of cholesterol. In addition, five potential altered microRNA-mRNA interactions were found, including hsa-miR-939-5p-PLXNA4, hsa-miR-3918-CTIF, hsa-miR-4768-5p-PDE5A, hsa-miR-1273g-3p-VPS53, and hsa-miR-1972-PCSK9. In summary, differentially expressed genes and microRNAs in response to EGCG treatment in IPF fibroblasts were identified in the current study. Our findings provide a scientific basis to evaluate the potential benefits of EGCG in IPF treatment, and warrant future studies to understand the role of molecular pathways underlying cholesterol homeostasis in the pathogenesis of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Ssu-Hui Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | | | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Chakraborty K, Dey A, Bhattacharyya A, Dasgupta SC. Anti-fibrotic effect of black tea (Camellia sinensis) extract in experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Tissue Cell 2019; 56:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sinapic acid ameliorates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:224-231. [PMID: 30219680 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a multifaceted disease with high mortality and morbidity, and it is commonly nonresponsive to conventional therapy. PURPOSE We explore the possible discourse of sinapic acid (SA) against the prevention of bleomycin (BLM)-instigated lung fibrosis in rats through modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways. DESIGN/METHODS Lung fibrosis was persuaded in Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intratracheal BLM (6.5 U/kg) injection. Then, these rats were treated with SA (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. The normal control rats provided saline as a substitute of BLM. The lung function and biochemical, histopathological, and molecular alterations were studied in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the lungs tissues. RESULTS SA treatment significantly restored BLM-induced alterations in body weight index and serum biomarkers [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. SA (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment appeared to show a pneumoprotective effect through upregulation of antioxidant status, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-7 expression, and reduction of collagen accumulation (hydroxyproline). Nrf2, HO-1, and TGF-β expression was downregulated in BLM-induced fibrosis model, while the reduced expression levels were significantly and dose-dependently upregulated by SA (10 and 20 mg/kg) treatment. We demonstrated that SA ameliorates BLM-induced lung injuries through inhibition of apoptosis and induction of Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidant enzymes via NF-κB inhibition. The histopathological findings also revealed that SA treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated BLM-induced lung injury. CONCLUSION The present results showed the ability of SA to restore the antioxidant system and to inhibit oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, extracellular matrix, and TGF-β. This is first report demonstrating that SA amoleriates BLM induced lung injuries through inhibition of apoptosis and induction of Nrf2 and HO-1 mediated antioxidant enzyme via NF-κB inhibition. The histopathological finding reveals that SA treatment (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly ameliorates BLM induced lung injuries.
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Eng QY, Thanikachalam PV, Ramamurthy S. Molecular understanding of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:296-310. [PMID: 28864169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic compound present in green tea [Camellia sinensis (Theaceae], has shown numerous cardiovascular health promoting activity through modulating various pathways. However, molecular understanding of the cardiovascular protective role of EGCG has not been reported. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile the preclinical and clinical studies that had been done on EGCG to investigate its protective effect on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in order to provide a systematic guidance for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research papers related to EGCG were obtained from the major scientific databases, for example, Science direct, PubMed, NCBI, Springer and Google scholar, from 1995 to 2017. RESULTS EGCG was found to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties including anti-atherosclerosis, anti-cardiac hypertrophy, anti-myocardial infarction, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. These therapeutic effects are mainly associated with the inhibition of LDL cholesterol (anti-atherosclerosis), inhibition of NF-κB (anti-cardiac hypertrophy), inhibition of MPO activity (anti-myocardial infarction), reduction in plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin level (anti-diabetes), reduction of inflammatory markers (anti-inflammatory) and the inhibition of ROS generation (antioxidant). CONCLUSION EGCG shows different biological activities and in this review, a compilation of how this bioactive molecule plays its role in treating cardiovascular and metabolic diseases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yi Eng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Malaysia.
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Chen J, Li Y, Zhu Q, Li T, Lu H, Wei N, Huang Y, Shi R, Ma X, Wang X, Sheng J. Anti-skin-aging effect of epigallocatechin gallate by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor pathway on aging mouse model induced by d-Galactose. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:1-7. [PMID: 28343910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) is a monomer separated from tea catechins, as an well-known antioxidant, which helps fight wrinkles and rejuvenate skin cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-aging effect of EGCG, and to clarify underlying mechanism of skin aging in a d-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Forty-five male mice were divided into 5 groups and treated with different dose of EGCG, Vitamin C (VitC) to mice as a positive control. All groups except vehicle were established aging model induced by d-galactose (200mg/kg/day) that was subcutaneously injected to mice for 8 weeks. Two weeks after injection of d-galactose, EGCG and Vit C groups were simultaneously administered once a day by subcutaneously inject after 5h for injecting d-galactose. The results show that EGCG can be absorbed by the skin. Overall, the conditions of the skin of EGCG-treatment groups were improved, the whole structure of skin were better than control groups, and the levels of oxidative stress and the expression of relate with EGFR proteins were significantly higher than control group after EGCG treatment. All these findings suggest that EGCG can resist skin senility effectively. And the EGFR with relate of downstream proteins are implicated in the skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China
| | - Yewei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruoyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China.
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Research Center for Advanced Tea Processing, Kunming, China.
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Guilger M, Pasquoto-Stigliani T, Bilesky-Jose N, Grillo R, Abhilash PC, Fraceto LF, Lima RD. Biogenic silver nanoparticles based on trichoderma harzianum: synthesis, characterization, toxicity evaluation and biological activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44421. [PMID: 28300141 PMCID: PMC5353535 DOI: 10.1038/srep44421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
White mold is an agricultural disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which affects important crops. There are different ways of controlling this organism, but none provides inhibition of its resistance structures (sclerotia). Nanotechnology offers promising applications in agricultural area. Here, silver nanoparticles were biogenically synthesized using the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and characterized. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated, and the nanoparticles were initially tested against white mold sclerotia. Their effects on soybean were also investigated with no effects observed. The nanoparticles showed potential against S. sclerotiorum, inhibiting sclerotia germination and mycelial growth. Nanoparticle characterization data indicated spherical morphology, satisfactory polydispersity and size distribution. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays showed that the nanoparticles caused both the effects, although, the most toxic concentrations were above those applied for white mold control. Given the potential of the nanoparticles against S. sclerotiorum, we conclude that this study presents a first step for a new alternative in white mold control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Guilger
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Pasquoto-Stigliani
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Bilesky-Jose
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Grillo
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - P. C. Abhilash
- Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology, Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata de Lima
- Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba campus, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92, 18023-000, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ahmed NA, Radwan NM, Aboul Ezz HS, Salama NA. The antioxidant effect of Green Tea Mega EGCG against electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus and striatum of rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:63-73. [PMID: 27400086 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1194292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of cellular phones may affect biological systems by increasing free radicals and changing the antioxidant defense systems of tissues, eventually leading to oxidative stress. Green tea has recently attracted significant attention due to its health benefits in a variety of disorders, ranging from cancer to weight loss. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EMR (frequency 900 MHz modulated at 217 Hz, power density 0.02 mW/cm2, SAR 1.245 W/kg) on different oxidative stress parameters in the hippocampus and striatum of adult rats. This study also extends to evaluate the therapeutic effect of green tea mega EGCG on the previous parameters in animals exposed to EMR after and during EMR exposure. The experimental animals were divided into four groups: EMR-exposed animals, animals treated with green tea mega EGCG after 2 months of EMR exposure, animals treated with green tea mega EGCG during EMR exposure and control animals. EMR exposure resulted in oxidative stress in the hippocampus and striatum as evident from the disturbances in oxidant and antioxidant parameters. Co-administration of green tea mega EGCG at the beginning of EMR exposure for 2 and 3 months had more beneficial effect against EMR-induced oxidative stress than oral administration of green tea mega EGCG after 2 months of exposure. This recommends the use of green tea before any stressor to attenuate the state of oxidative stress and stimulate the antioxidant mechanism of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal A Ahmed
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Nasr M Radwan
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Heba S Aboul Ezz
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Noha A Salama
- a Zoology Department, Faculty of Science , Cairo University , Giza , Egypt
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Khazri O, Charradi K, Limam F, El May MV, Aouani E. Grape seed and skin extract protects against bleomycin-induced oxidative stress in rat lung. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:242-249. [PMID: 27261600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung fibrosis is a common side effect of the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin and current evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species play a key role in the development of lung injury. We examined whether grape seed and skin extract (GSSE), a polyphenolic mixture exhibiting antioxidant properties, is able to protect against bleomycin-induced lung oxidative stress and injury. METHODS Rats were pre-treated during three weeks either with vehicle (ethanol 10% control) or GSSE (4g/kg), then administered with a single high dose bleomycin (15mg/kg) at the 7th day. RESULTS Bleomycin increased lung lipoperoxidation, carbonylation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Bleomycin also induced copper depletion from the lung and iron accumulation within the lung, but had no effect on either zinc nor manganese. Correlatively bleomycin decreased the copper associated enzyme tyrosinase, increased the zinc dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and did not affect the manganese dependent glutamine synthetase. GSSE efficiently counteracted almost all bleomycin-induced oxidative stress, biochemical and morphological changes of lung tissue. CONCLUSION Data suggest that GSSE exerts potent antioxidant properties that could find potential application in the protection against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khazri
- Laboratoire des Substances Bio-Active (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Kamel Charradi
- Laboratoire des Substances Bio-Active (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratoire des Substances Bio-Active (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | | | - Ezzedine Aouani
- Laboratoire des Substances Bio-Active (LSBA), Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia; Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Gürbüzel M, Sayar I, Cankaya M, Gürbüzel A, Demirtas L, Bakirci EM, Capoglu I. The preventive role of levosimendan against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:378-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Divya T, Dineshbabu V, Soumyakrishnan S, Sureshkumar A, Sudhandiran G. Celastrol enhances Nrf2 mediated antioxidant enzymes and exhibits anti-fibrotic effect through regulation of collagen production against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246:52-62. [PMID: 26768587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the alveolar region which distorts the normal lung architecture and impairs the respiratory function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect of celastrol, a quinine-methide tri-terpenoid mainly found in Thunder God Vine root extracts against bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF through the enhancement of antioxidant defense system. A single intratracheal instillation of BLM (3 U/kg.bw) was administered in rats to induce PF. Celastrol (5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally, twice a week for a period of 28 days. BLM-induced rats exhibits declined activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants which were restored upon treatment with celastrol. BLM-induced rats show increased total and differential cell counts as compared to control and celastrol treated rats. Histopathological analysis shows increased inflammation and alveolar damage; while assay of hydroxyproline and Masson's trichrome staining shows an increased collagen deposition in BLM-challenged rats that were decreased upon celastrol treatment. Celastrol also reduces inflammation in BLM-induced rats as evidenced by decrease in the expressions of mast cells, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9. Further, Western blot analysis shows that celastrol is a potent inducer of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and it restores the activities of Phase II enzymes such as hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and NADP(H): quinine oxidoreductase (NQO1) which were declined upon BLM administration. The results of this study show evidence on the protective effect of celastrol against BLM-induced PF through its antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Divya
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Vadivel Dineshbabu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Syamala Soumyakrishnan
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - Ganapasam Sudhandiran
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Sriram N, Kalayarasan S, Manikandan R, Arumugam M, Sudhandiran G. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen production by effectively intervening TGF-β1 signalling. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:849-59. [PMID: 26010495 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) poses a huge burden to the patients and society due to lack of an effective treatment drug. Activation of fibrocyte, fibroblast and myofibroblasts are important steps in the development of PF. Targeting this common pathway with natural chemicals may lead to the development of new drug regimens for PF treatment. In this study, PF was induced in male Wistar rats by intratracheal administration of Bleomycin (BLM). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was administered to one of the groups of rats to test its efficacy against the development of PF. Bleomycin-induction resulted in significant elevation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression, increased RNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, Smads and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). EGCG treatment normalized the BLM induced aberrations in these rats. The protective role of EGCG was also validated in vitro using the WI-38 fibroblast cell line. TGF-β1 incubated cells exhibited increased fibroblast proliferation and hydroxyproline levels with a concomitant decrease in the expression of MMPs 2 and 9. An increase in protein expression levels of p-Smad, α-SMA and type I collagen (COL1A) was also exhibited by fibroblasts upon TGF-β1 incubation. Simultaneous treatment of EGCG to WI-38 cells significantly decreased these protein expressions alongside normalizing the MMPs expression. The study revealed that EGCG inhibited fibroblast activation and collagen accumulation by inhibiting TGF-β1 signalling and thus can be considered as an effective drug against PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Sriram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ramar Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Munusamy Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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Wang Y, Wang B, Du F, Su X, Sun G, Zhou G, Bian X, Liu N. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal interstitial fibrosis in mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:270-9. [PMID: 25549657 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414568019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of tubulointerstitial fibrosis is regarded as an important determinant of renal prognosis. Therapeutic strategies targeting tubulointerstitial fibrosis have been considered to have potential in the treatment of chronic kidney disease. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, against renal interstitial fibrosis in mice. EGCG was administrated intraperitoneally for 14 days in a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The results of our histological examination showed that EGCG alleviated glomerular and tubular injury and attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. Furthermore, the inflammatory responses induced by UUO were inhibited, as represented by decreased macrophage infiltration and inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, the expression of type I and III collagen in the kidney were reduced by EGCG, which indicated an inhibition of extracellular matrix accumulation. EGCG also caused an up-regulation in α-smooth muscle actin expression and a down-regulation in E-cadherin expression, indicating the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These changes were found to be in parallel with the decreased level of TGF-β1 and phosphorylated Smad. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that EGCG could attenuate renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice, and this renoprotective effect might be associated with its effects of inflammatory responses alleviation and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China (YW, FD, XS, GS, GZ, XB)
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China(BW)
| | - Feng Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China(BW)
| | - Xuesong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China (YW, FD, XS, GS, GZ, XB)
| | - Guangping Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China (YW, FD, XS, GS, GZ, XB)
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China(BW)
| | - Xiaohui Bian
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, People's Republic of China (YW, FD, XS, GS, GZ, XB)
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ordos Central Hospital, People's Republic of China (NL)
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Daidzein exhibits anti-fibrotic effect by reducing the expressions of Proteinase activated receptor 2 and TGFβ1/smad mediated inflammation and apoptosis in Bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Biochimie 2014; 103:23-36. [PMID: 24769130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive lethal disorder. In this study, the effect of daidzein, a soyisoflavone against Bleomycin (BLM) induced PF in rats was elucidated. A single intratracheal instillation of BLM (3 U/kg.bw) was administered in rats to induce PF. Daidzein (0.2 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously, twice a week for a period of 28 days. Daidzein restored the histological alteration and aberrant collagen deposition, suppressed the mast cells, and reduced the expressions of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and Nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-kB) in lung tissue of BLM-induced rats. Treatment with daidzein reduced the expression of Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and increased the expression of Tissue inhibitor of matrixmetalloproteinases 1 (TIMP 1). Recently, Proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR2) has been reported to play a major role in the progression of PF. Confocal microscopic and immunoblot analysis revealed that BLM injured rat lungs exhibited increased expression of PAR2 that was reduced upon treatment with daidzein. During BLM induction, Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1) was found to be up-regulated along with p-smad2/3, a mediator of TGFβ signaling. Further, daidzein regulated the apoptosis by modulating the expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase 3. This study provides evidence on the anti-fibrotic role of daidzein in BLM-induced experimental fibrosis.
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You H, Wei L, Sun WL, Wang L, Yang ZL, Liu Y, Zheng K, Wang Y, Zhang WJ. The green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in adult rats. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:92-102. [PMID: 24736877 PMCID: PMC4072398 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea, on irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and elucidated its mechanism of action. A rat model of irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis was generated using a 60Co irradiator and a dose of 22 Gy. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with EGCG (25 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (DEX; 5 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. Mortality rates and lung index values were calculated. The severity of fibrosis was evaluated by assaying the hydroxyproline (Hyp) contents of pulmonary and lung tissue sections post-irradiation. Alveolitis and fibrosis scores were obtained from semi-quantitative analyses of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome lung section staining, respectively. The serum levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also measured. Surfactant protein-B (SPB) and α-SMA expression patterns were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, and the protein levels of nuclear transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and its associated antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1 enzyme (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) were examined via western blot analysis. Treatment with EGCG, but not DEX, reduced mortality rates and lung index scores, improved histological changes in the lung, reduced collagen depositions, reduced MDA content, enhanced SOD activity, inhibited (myo)fibroblast proliferation, protected alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells, and regulated serum levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. Treatment with EGCG, but not DEX, activated Nrf-2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO-1. Taken together, these results showed that EGCG treatment significantly inhibits irradiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the results suggested promising clinical EGCG therapies to treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua You
- Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health of the National Health and Family Commission, Chongqing Population and the Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Liang Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zai-Liang Yang
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100020, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jing Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
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Basu A, Betts NM, Mulugeta A, Tong C, Newman E, Lyons TJ. Green tea supplementation increases glutathione and plasma antioxidant capacity in adults with the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2013; 33:180-7. [PMID: 23507223 PMCID: PMC3603270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Green tea, a popular polyphenol-containing beverage, has been shown to alleviate clinical features of the metabolic syndrome. However, its effects in endogenous antioxidant biomarkers are not clearly understood. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that green tea supplementation will upregulate antioxidant parameters (enzymatic and nonenzymatic) in adults with the metabolic syndrome. Thirty-five obese participants with the metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to receive one of the following for 8 weeks: green tea (4 cups per day), control (4 cups water per day), or green tea extract (2 capsules and 4 cups water per day). Blood samples and dietary information were collected at baseline (0 week) and 8 weeks of the study. Circulating carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) and tocopherols (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol) and trace elements were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, respectively. Serum antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, catalase) and plasma antioxidant capacity were measured spectrophotometrically. Green tea beverage and green tea extract significantly increased plasma antioxidant capacity (1.5 to 2.3 μmol/L and 1.2 to 2.5 μmol/L, respectively; P < .05) and whole blood glutathione (1783 to 2395 μg/g hemoglobin and 1905 to 2751 μg/g hemoglobin, respectively; P < .05) vs controls at 8 weeks. No effects were noted in serum levels of carotenoids and tocopherols and glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. Green tea extract significantly reduced plasma iron vs baseline (128 to 92 μg/dL, P < .02), whereas copper, zinc, and selenium were not affected. These results support the hypothesis that green tea may provide antioxidant protection in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Nutritional Sciences, 301 Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6141, USA.
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Chen M, Cheung FW, Chan MH, Hui PK, Ip SP, Ling YH, Che CT, Liu WK. Protective roles of Cordyceps on lung fibrosis in cellular and rat models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:448-454. [PMID: 22796203 PMCID: PMC7125542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps sinensis is a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic to soothe the lung for the treatment of fatigue and respiratory diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, irreversible and debilitating lung disease showing fibroblast/myofibroblast expansion and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix in the interstitium leading to breathing difficulty. Our previous observation revealed a partial relief of lung fibrosis in patients suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). We hypothesize that Cordyceps has beneficial effects on lung fibrosis and the objective of this study is to explore the target(s) of Cordyceps in the relief of lung fibrosis in animal and cell models and to gain insight into its underlying mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS A rat model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis and a fibrotic cell model with transforming growth factor beta-1 induction were employed in the studies. RESULTS Reduction of infiltration of inflammatory cells, deposition of fibroblastic loci and collagen, formation of reactive oxygen species, and production of cytokines, as well as recovery from imbalance of MMP-9/TIMP-1, were observed in fibrotic rats after treatment with Cordyceps in preventive (from the day of BLM administration) and therapeutic (from 14 days after BLM) regimens. In a fibrotic cell model with transforming growth factor beta-1 induction, the human lung epithelial A549 acquired a mesenchymal phenotype and an increase of vimentin expression with a concomitant decrease of E-cadherin. This epithelial-mesenchymal transition could be partially reverted by cordycepin, a major component of Cordyceps. CONCLUSION The findings provide an insight into the preventive and therapeutic potentials of Cordyceps for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Key Words
- balf, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- blm, bleomycin
- ce, cordyceps powder extract in culture medium
- cs, cordyceps sinensis
- cs1, low-dose cs powder suspension treatment
- cs2, high-dose cs powder suspension treatment
- ecm, extracellular matrix
- emt, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- ipf, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- mmp, matrix metalloproteinases
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- tgf-β1, transforming growth factor beta-1
- timp, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
- cordyceps sinensis
- cordycepin
- bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis
- traditional chinese medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Florence W.K. Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ming Hung Chan
- Department of Medicine, Kwong Wah Hospital, The Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Pak Kwan Hui
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, The Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yick Hin Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wing Keung Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Prevot G, Plat G, Mazieres J. [COPD and lung cancer: epidemiological and biological links]. Rev Mal Respir 2012; 29:545-56. [PMID: 22542412 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) are two common fatal diseases. Apart from their common link to tobacco, these two diseases are usually considered to be the result of separate distinct mechanisms. In the past 15 years, numerous studies have produced arguments in favour of a relationship between these two pathologies that goes beyond a simple addition of risk factors. At the epidemiological level, there are data that demonstrate an increased incidence of bronchial carcinoma in patients with COPD. The links between these two pathologies are still unexplained but there are numerous arguments supporting a common physiopathology. Common genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, mechanical factors and signalisation pathways have been quoted. COPD and lung cancer appear to be two diseases possessing a genetic basis that creates a predisposition to environmental or toxic assaults, resulting in a different clinical manifestation in each disease. Consequently, improvements in the management of these two diseases will involve a more intensive investigation of their physiopathology, and require a closer collaboration between research centres and clinical units.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prevot
- Service de pneumologie, clinique des voies respiratoires, hôpital Larrey, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Wang L, Jin M, Zang BX, Wu Y. Inhibitory effect of safflor yellow on pulmonary fibrosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:511-6. [PMID: 21467638 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myofibroblast plays an important role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis, featured by the presence of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). It has been a novel therapeutic target. Safflor yellow (SY) is extracted from safflower, a traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of SY on rats of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) and on differentiation of lung fibroblast into myofibroblast stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Two dose SY (intraperitoneal, 25, 50 mg/kg/d) were administered to rats treated by BLM consecutively for four weeks. It was found that SY alleviated the loss in body weight, the increase of hydroxyproline content in the lung tissues and pathologic changes of pulmonary fibrosis caused by BLM instillation. SY also prevented the increase of α-SMA positive cells and TGF-β1 expression induced by BLM. These effects were more significant when treatment with high-dose SY. Moreover, SY (0.05, 0.25, 1.25 mg/ml) inhibited the expression of α-SMA during differentiation of lung fibroblast into myofibroblast stimulated by TGF-β1. SY had anti-fibrotic effect in experiment and might be employed as a therapeutic candidate agent for attenuating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease-Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Daidzein attenuates inflammation and exhibits antifibrotic effect against Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Franco-Molina MA, Mendoza-Gamboa E, Sierra-Rivera CA, Gómez-Flores RA, Zapata-Benavides P, Castillo-Tello P, Alcocer-González JM, Miranda-Hernández DF, Tamez-Guerra RS, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Antitumor activity of colloidal silver on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:148. [PMID: 21080962 PMCID: PMC2996348 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Colloidal silver has been used as an antimicrobial and disinfectant agent. However, there is scarce information on its antitumor potential. The aim of this study was to determine if colloidal silver had cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and its mechanism of cell death. Methods MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with colloidal silver (ranged from 1.75 to 17.5 ng/mL) for 5 h at 37°C and 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cell Viability was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and the mechanism of cell death through detection of mono-oligonucleosomes using an ELISA kit and TUNEL assay. The production of NO, LDH, and Gpx, SOD, CAT, and Total antioxidant activities were evaluated by colorimetric assays. Results Colloidal silver had dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis, shown an LD50 (3.5 ng/mL) and LD100 (14 ng/mL) (*P < 0.05), significantly decreased LDH (*P < 0.05) and significantly increased SOD (*P < 0.05) activities. However, the NO production, and Gpx, CAT, and Total antioxidant activities were not affected in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PBMC were not altered by colloidal silver. Conclusions The present results showed that colloidal silver might be a potential alternative agent for human breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés A Franco-Molina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, N, L, México.
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Sahin K, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Dogukan A, Timurkan M, Sahin N, Aslan A, Kucuk O. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate activates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Life Sci 2010; 87:240-5. [PMID: 20619277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and potential mechanisms by which it enhances antioxidant activities and resolves inflammation after EGCG treatment during cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. MAIN METHODS Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups as control (group 1; no treatment; n=7), EGCG (group 2; n=7), cisplatin (group 3; n=7) or cisplatin and EGCG (group 4; n=7). After 2 days of EGCG treatment at a dose of l00 mg/kg BW, rats were treated with a single i.p. injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg BW). On day 12 (10days after the cisplatin treatment), all rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The level of protein was examined by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Cisplatin caused a significant decrease in the expression nuclear levels of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and an increase in the levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB p65) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) an oxidative stress marker. EGCG supplementation significantly improved the changes associated with cisplatin nephrotoxicity by increasing levels of Nrf-2 and HO-1, and decreasing levels of NF-kappaB and HNE. Renal activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and glutathione were significantly lower in cisplatin-treated rats compared with control rats, and EGCG treatment significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione (P<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may be the primary target for prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by EGCG, and that reduces it inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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Kikuchi N, Ishii Y, Morishima Y, Yageta Y, Haraguchi N, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Hizawa N. Nrf2 protects against pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the lung oxidant level and Th1/Th2 balance. Respir Res 2010; 11:31. [PMID: 20298567 PMCID: PMC2846897 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and lethal disorder. Although the precise mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis are not fully understood, oxidant/antioxidant and Th1/Th2 balances may play an important role in many of the processes of inflammation and fibrosis. The transcription factor Nrf2 acts as a critical regulator for various inflammatory and immune responses by controlling oxidative stress. We therefore investigated the protective role of Nrf2 against the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods To generate pulmonary fibrosis, both wild-type C57BL/6 mice and Nrf2-deficient mice of the same background were administered bleomycin intratracheally. Results The survival of Nrf2-deficient mice after bleomycin administration was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice. The degree of bleomycin-induced initial pulmonary inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis was much more severe in Nrf2-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. The expression of antioxidant enzymes and phase II detoxifying enzymes was significantly reduced in the lungs of Nrf2-deficient mice, concomitant with an elevation of lung 8-isoprostane level, compared with wild-type mice. The expression of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, was significantly elevated in the lungs of Nrf2-deficient mice with an increase in the number of Th2 cells that express GATA-binding protein 3. Conclusions The results indicated that Nrf2 protects against the development of pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the cellular redox level and lung Th1/Th2 balance. Thus, Nrf2 might be an important genetic factor in the determination of susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity of chronic epigallocatechin-gallate in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2010; 17:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Roghani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T. Chronic epigallocatechin-gallate improves aortic reactivity of diabetic rats: Underlying mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:84-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sriram N, Kalayarasan S, Sudhandiran G. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate exhibits anti-fibrotic effect by attenuating bleomycin-induced glycoconjugates, lysosomal hydrolases and ultrastructural changes in rat model pulmonary fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:271-80. [PMID: 19497426 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in the alveolar space, which hampers normal respiration process. Pathophysiological enzymes, glycoprotein moieties and matrix degrading lysosomal hydrolases are key markers and play a crucial role in the progression of fibrosis. Bleomycin is an anti-neoplastic drug, used for the treatment of various types of cancers and induces pulmonary fibrosis due its deleterious side effect. Tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is known for its wide array of beneficial effects. The present study was intended to evaluate the beneficial efficacy of EGCG against bleomycin-induced glycoconjugates, lysosomal hydrolases and ultrastructural changes in the lungs of Wistar rats. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (6.5 U/kg body weight) to rats increased the activities of pathophysiological enzymes such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, which were attenuated upon EGCG treatment. The increased level of hydroxyproline and histopathological parameters in bleomycin-induced rats were decreased upon EGCG treatment. Bleomycin-induced increase in the level of glycoconjugates was restored closer to normal levels on EGCG treatment. Furthermore, the increased activities of matrix degrading lysosomal enzymes in bleomycin-induced rats were reduced upon EGCG supplementation. Treatment with EGCG also attenuated bleomycin-induced ultrastructural changes as observed from transmission electron microscopy studies. The results of the present study put-forward EGCG as a potential anti-fibrotic agent due to its attenuating effect on potential fibrotic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Sriram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
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Lawless MW, O'Byrne KJ, Gray SG. Oxidative stress induced lung cancer and COPD: opportunities for epigenetic therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:2800-21. [PMID: 19602054 PMCID: PMC4498937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) form as a natural by-product of the normal metabolism of oxygen and play important roles within the cell. Under normal circumstances the cell is able to maintain an adequate homeostasis between the formation of ROS and its removal through particular enzymatic pathways or via antioxidants. If however, this balance is disturbed a situation called oxidative stress occurs. Critically, oxidative stress plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Epigenetics is a process where gene expression is regulated by heritable mechanisms that do not cause any direct changes to the DNA sequence itself, and disruption of epigenetic mechanisms has important implications in disease. Evidence is emerging that histone deacetylases (HDACs) play decisive roles in regulating important cellular oxidative stress pathways including those involved with sensing oxidative stress and those involved with regulating the cellular response to oxidative stress. In particular aberrant regulation of these pathways by HDACs may play critical roles in cancer progression. In this review we discuss the current evidence linking epigenetics and oxidative stress and cancer, using chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and non-small cell lung cancer to illustrate the importance of epigenetics on these pathways within these disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Lawless
- Centre for Liver Disease, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Sriram N, Kalayarasan S, Sudhandiran G. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate augments antioxidant activities and inhibits inflammation during bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis through Nrf2-Keap1 signaling. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 22:221-36. [PMID: 19138753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism involved in the enhancement of antioxidant activities and resolved inflammation after epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) treatment during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is investigated in this study. The levels of reactive-oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydroxyproline and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were increased due to bleomycin challenge and were brought back to near normal status on EGCG supplementation. The decreased antioxidant status due to bleomycin challenge was also restored upon EGCG treatment. Bleomycin-induced rats showed increased cell counts as compared to control and EGCG-treated rats. Histopathological analysis showed increased inflammation and alveolar damage, while picrosirius red staining showed an increased collagen deposition in bleomycin-challenged rats that were decreased upon EGCG treatment. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescent and immunoblot studies revealed that EGCG supplementation decreased the levels of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), which were increased upon bleomycin induction. The declined activities of Phase II enzymes such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in bleomycin-injured rats were restored upon EGCG treatment. Confocal microscopy, immunoblot and RT-PCR studies confirm that EGCG is a potent inducer of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Expression of Kelch like ECH-associated protein (Keap)-1, a vital factor in Nrf2 signaling cascade was analyzed by immunoblotting. However, there was no significant change in the expression of Keap1 in control and experimental groups. This study demonstrates the involvement of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling through which EGCG enhances antioxidant activities and Phase II enzymes with subsequent restraint inflammation during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Sriram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
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Kim MJ, Jung HN, Kim KN, Kwak HK. Effects of cranberry powder on serum lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Nutr Res Pract 2008; 2:158-64. [PMID: 20126601 PMCID: PMC2814191 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2008.2.3.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated that the antioxidative effect of freeze-dried cranberry powder against protein and lipid oxidation and ameliorative effect of serum lipid profile in rat fed atherogenic diet. Six weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: normal diet group with 5% corn oil (control), atherogenic diet group with 5% corn oil, 10% lard, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate (HFC), atherogenic plus 2% cranberry powder diet group (HFC + C2), and atherogenic plus 5% cranberry powder diet group (HFC + C5), and respective diet and water were fed daily for 6 weeks. After the experimental period, the serum lipid profile, such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), plasma phenolics content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, serum protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were examined. Total phenolic compound and total flavonoid levels in freeze-dried cranberry powder were 9.94 mg/g and 8.12 mg/g, respectively. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly different for cranberry powder treatment, but serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in HFC + C5 group compared with HFC group. Plasma FRAP value tended to be increased by cranberry powder treatment though there was no significant difference. Plasma total phenol concentrations and SOD activities were not significantly different among all groups. Serum protein carbonyl and TBARS levels were significantly decreased in HFC + C5 group compared with HFC group. Overall results suggested that freeze-dried cranberry powder might have the serum lipid improving effect, as well as antioxidative effect demonstrated by its protective effect against protein and lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Joung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Chungbuk National University, 410 Sungbong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 351-736, Korea
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