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2,3-Dihydrosorbicillin and chrysopanol stimulate insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 83:129186. [PMID: 36781148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell function and insulin secretion are important in antidiabetic drug development. In an effort to discover small molecules to regulate insulin secretion, an endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp. SSP-1CLG, was selected for chemical investigation. Large scale cultures of the strain followed by extraction and chromatographic analysis led to the isolation of 10 anthraquinone and alkaloid-type compounds. The isolated compounds were identified by comprehensive analysis of NMR, MS, and ECD data. The effect of compounds 1-10 on insulin secretion in INS-1 cells was investigated. 2,3-Dihydrosorbicillin (1), chrysophanol (2), and glandicolin B (10) at non-cytotoxic concentrations resulted in an increase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in rat INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, we investigated the signaling pathway involved in 2,3-dihydrosorbicillin (1) and chrysophanol (2) action in the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt. Treatment of INS-1 cells with 2,3-dihydrosorbicillin (1) and chrysophanol (2) increased the expression of these proteins. Our findings indicate that 2,3-dihydrosorbicillin and chrysophanol may play roles in the regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells, at least in part, by targeting PPARγ and PDX-1 via the IRS-2/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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2
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Chrysophanol prevents IL-1β-Induced inflammation and ECM degradation in osteoarthritis via the Sirt6/NF-κB and Nrf2/NF-κB axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115402. [PMID: 36592706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint illness that negatively impacts people's lives. The main active ingredient of cassia seed or rhubarb is chrysophanol. It has various pharmacological effects including anticancer, anti-diabetes and blood lipid regulation. Previous evidence suggests that chrysophanol has anti-inflammatory properties in various diseases, but its effect on OA has not been investigated yet. In this study, chrysophanol inhibited IL-1β -induced expression of ADAMTS-4, MMP13, COX-2 and iNOS. Meanwhile, it can inhibit aggrecan and collagen degradation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes induced by IL-1β.Further studies depicted that SIRT6 silencing eliminated the chrysophanol effect on IL-1β. The results demonstrated that chrysophanol could stimulate SIRT6 activation and, more importantly, increase SIRT6 levels. We also discovered that chrysophanol might impede the NF-κB pathway of OA mice's chondrocytes induced by IL-1β, which could be because it depends on SIRT6 activation to some extent. It had also been previously covered that chrysophanol could produce a marked effect on Nrf2/NF-κB axis [1]. Therefore, we can infer that chrysophanol may benefit chondrocytes by regulating the SIRT6/NF-κB and Nrf2/NF-κB signaling axis.We examined the anti-inflammatory mechanism and the impact of chrysophanol on mice in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we declare that chrysophanol diminishes the inflammatory reaction of OA in mice in vitro by regulating SIRT6/NF-κB and Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway and protects articular cartilage from degradation in vivo. We can infer that chrysophanol could be an efficient therapy for OA.
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Gupta MK, Gouda G, Sultana S, Punekar SM, Vadde R, Ravikiran T. Structure-related relationship: Plant-derived antidiabetic compounds. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2023:241-295. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco D, Dos Santos Araújo G, Fonseca XMQC, de Melo Guedes GM, da Rocha MG, Brilhante RSN, de Aguiar Cordeiro R, Sidrim JJC, Pereira-Neto WA, Rocha MFG. Anthraquinones from Aloe spp. inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto: effects against growing and mature biofilms. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:809-817. [PMID: 34634964 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1958793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of aloe emodin, barbaloin and chrysophanol on growing and mature biofilms of Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto. The compounds were added at the moment of inducing biofilm growth or after growth for 72 h to evaluate their effects on growing and mature biofilms, respectively. Then, biofilm biomass was evaluated by crystal violet staining and metabolic activity by the XTT reduction assay. Morphological alterations were also evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Aloe emodin and barbaloin affected growing biofilms and disrupted mature biofilms, reducing metabolic activity by > 60% and biomass by > 70%. Chrysophanol only inhibited mature biofilms, but to a lesser extent. In conclusion, anthraquinones, especially aloe emodin and barbaloin, show a relevant effect against growing and mature biofilms of C. neoformans sensu stricto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Géssica Dos Santos Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Xhaulla Maria Quariguasi Cunha Fonseca
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Gleiciane da Rocha
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Júlio Costa Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Waldemiro Aquino Pereira-Neto
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fábio Gadelha Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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5
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Lin M, Adpressa DA, Feng M, Lu Y, Clark BR. Brevianthrones, bianthrones from a Chinese isolate of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum brevisporum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 188:112792. [PMID: 33975160 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed bianthrones, the brevianthrones, together with two known anthraquinones, were isolated from the plant-derived fungus Colletotrichum brevisporum, obtained from the plant Piper sarmentosum Roxb., collected in Guangxi, China. This is the first report of the isolation of bianthrones from the Colletotrichum genus. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis, while the absolute configurations were determined by X-ray crystallography and by simulation of ECD spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Donovon A Adpressa
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Meiyu Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300092, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin R Clark
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300092, People's Republic of China.
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Kadan S, Melamed S, Benvalid S, Tietel Z, Sasson Y, Zaid H. Gundelia tournefortii: Fractionation, Chemical Composition and GLUT4 Translocation Enhancement in Muscle Cell Line. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133785. [PMID: 34206320 PMCID: PMC8270329 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease, which could affect the daily life of patients and increase their risk of developing other diseases. Synthetic anti-diabetic drugs usually show severe side effects. In the last few decades, plant-derived drugs have been intensively studied, particularly because of a rapid development of the instruments used in analytical chemistry. We tested the efficacy of Gundelia tournefortii L. (GT) in increasing the translocation of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) to the myocyte plasma membrane (PM), as a main strategy to manage T2D. In this study, GT methanol extract was sub-fractionated into 10 samples using flash chromatography. The toxicity of the fractions on L6 muscle cells, stably expressing GLUTmyc, was evaluated using the MTT assay. The efficacy with which GLUT4 was attached to the L6 PM was evaluated at non-toxic concentrations. Fraction 6 was the most effective, as it stimulated GLUT4 translocation in the absence and presence of insulin, 3.5 and 5.2 times (at 250 μg/mL), respectively. Fraction 1 and 3 showed no significant effects on GLUT4 translocation, while other fractions increased GLUT4 translocation up to 2.0 times. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of silylated fractions revealed 98 distinct compounds. Among those compounds, 25 were considered anti-diabetic and glucose disposal agents. These findings suggest that GT methanol sub-fractions exert an anti-diabetic effect by modulating GLUT4 translocation in L6 muscle cells, and indicate the potential of GT extracts as novel therapeutic agents for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sleman Kadan
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baqa El-Gharbia 30100, Israel;
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev 8531100, Israel; (S.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Shoshana Benvalid
- Regional Research and Development Center, Judea Center, Kiryat Arba 90100, Israel;
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization—Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev 8531100, Israel; (S.M.); (Z.T.)
| | - Yoel Sasson
- Casali Center for Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Hilal Zaid
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baqa El-Gharbia 30100, Israel;
- Faculty of Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University, P.O. Box 240, Jenin 009704, Palestine
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-6286761 or +972-4-6286765
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Ahmadi A, Khalili M, Roghani A, Behi A, Nazirzadeh S. The Effects of Solvent Polarity on Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Portulaca Oleracea and Achillea Eriophora DC Extracts. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Bioactive Agent Discovery from the Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235713. [PMID: 33287318 PMCID: PMC7731446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a well-known chronic metabolic disease that poses a long-term threat to human health and is characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) typically affects many metabolic pathways, resulting in β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, abnormal blood glucose levels, inflammatory processes, excessive oxidative reactions, and impaired lipid metabolism. It also leads to diabetes-related complications in many organ systems. Antidiabetic drugs have been approved for the treatment of hyperglycemia in T2DM; these are beneficial for glucose metabolism and promote weight loss, but have the risk of side effects, such as nausea or an upset stomach. A wide range of active components, derived from medicinal plants, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenol, quinones, and terpenoids may act as alternative sources of antidiabetic agents. They are usually attributed to improvements in pancreatic function by increasing insulin secretions or by reducing the intestinal absorption of glucose. Ease of availability, low cost, least undesirable side effects, and powerful pharmacological actions make plant-based preparations the key player of all available treatments. Based on the study of therapeutic reagents in the pathogenesis of humans, we use the appropriate animal models of T2DM to evaluate medicinal plant treatments. Many of the rat models have characteristics similar to those in humans and have the advantages of ease of genetic manipulation, a short breeding span, and access to physiological and invasive testing. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological status of T2DM rat models and focus on several bioactive compounds from herbal medicine with different functional groups that exhibit therapeutic potential in the T2DM rat models, in turn, may guide future approach in treating diabetes with natural drugs.
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IfedibaluChukwu EI, Aparoop D, Kamaruz Z. Antidiabetic, anthelmintic and antioxidation properties of novel and new phytocompounds isolated from the methanolic stem-bark of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Asteraceae). SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Xiang H, Zuo J, Guo F, Dong D. What we already know about rhubarb: a comprehensive review. Chin Med 2020; 15:88. [PMID: 32863857 PMCID: PMC7448319 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb (also named Rhei or Dahuang), one of the most ancient and important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), belongs to the Rheum L. genus from the Polygonaceae family, and its application can be traced back to 270 BC in "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing". Rhubarb has long been used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anticancer medicine in China. However, for a variety of reasons, such as origin, variety and processing methods, there are differences in the effective components of rhubarb, which eventually lead to decreased quality and poor efficacy. Additionally, although some papers have reviewed the relationship between the active ingredients of rhubarb and pharmacologic actions, most studies have concentrated on one or several aspects, although there has been great progress in rhubarb research in recent years. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent studies on the geographic distribution, taxonomic identification, pharmacology, clinical applications and safety issues related to rhubarb and provide insights into the further development and application of rhubarb in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Chrysophanol Mitigates T Cell Activation by Regulating the Expression of CD40 Ligand in Activated T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176122. [PMID: 32854357 PMCID: PMC7504217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since T lymphocytes act as mediators between innate and acquired immunity, playing a crucial role in chronic inflammation, regulation of T cell activation to suitable levels is important. Chrysophanol, a member of the anthraquinone family, is known to possess several bioactivities, including anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and hepatoprotective activities, however, little information is available on the inhibitory effects of chrysophanol on T cell activation. To elucidate whether chrysophanol regulates the activity of T cells, IL-2 expression in activated Jurkat T cells pretreated with chrysophanol was assessed. We showed that chrysophanol is not cytotoxic to Jurkat T cells under culture conditions using RPMI (Rosewell Park Memorial Institute) medium. Pretreatment with chrysophanol inhibited IL-2 production in T cells stimulated by CD3/28 antibodies or SEE-loaded Raji B cells. We also demonstrated that chrysophanol suppressed the expression of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) in activated T cells, and uncontrolled conjugation between B cells by pretreatment with chrysophanol reduced T cell activation. Besides, treatment with chrysophanol of Jurkat T cells blocked the NFκB signaling pathway, resulting in the abrogation of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) in activated T cells. These results provide novel insights into the suppressive effect of chrysophanol on T cell activation through the regulation of CD40L expression in T cell receptor-mediated stimulation conditions.
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Dou F, Ding Y, Wang C, Duan J, Wang W, Xu H, Zhao X, Wang J, Wen A. Chrysophanol ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114079. [PMID: 32511988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a major pathological feature of chronic kidney disease at middle and end stages. Chrysophanol (CP), 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone, is an anthraquinone isolated from Rheum palmatum L. with a variety of pharmacological activities including the suppression of RIF. However, the effect of CP on renal fibrosis and its potential mechanism have not been elucidated. We conducted a comprehensive study by determining the expression levels of fibrotic markers and proteins including TGF-β1, α-SMA, and Smad3 related to transforming growth factor-beta/Smad (TGF-β/Smad) pathway in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice and TGF-β1-stimulated HK-2 cells with the treatment of CP using western blotting and RT-qPCR analyses. Using small interfering RNA and co-immunoprecipitation, we evaluated the influences of CP on the interactions between Smad3 and Smad7 proteins and also on TGF-β RI and TGF-βR II. We found that CP administration significantly ameliorated UUO-induced kidney damage by reversing abnormal serum and urine biochemical parameters and decreasing the production of fibrotic markers including collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, and α-SMA. Our results showed that TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3) expression was significantly down-regulated and Smad7 expression was up-regulated by CP in UUO mice compared to the model group; however, the expression of Smad2, Smad4, and TGF-β receptors was not affected. Furthermore, CP modulated these fibrotic markers as well as p-Smad3 and Smad7 in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. The inhibitory effect of CP was markedly reduced in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells transfected with Smad3 siRNA. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that CP blocked the interaction between Smad3 and TGF-β receptor I to suppress p-Smad3 expression. These findings demonstrated that CP alleviated RIF by inhibiting Smad3 phosphorylation, which provides a molecular basis for a new drug candidate for the treatment of RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127, West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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Su S, Wu J, Gao Y, Luo Y, Yang D, Wang P. The pharmacological properties of chrysophanol, the recent advances. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110002. [PMID: 32066044 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a universal Chinese medicine, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma was used for centuries in different fields including pharmaceutical, health care and cosmetics. Chrysophanol (Chr) is one of the most important anthraquinone components isolated from plants of the Rheum genus. Current reports show that in Rheum officinale, Chr is the most abundant free anthraquinone compound [1] and exerts a number of beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and anti-depressive effects and offers neuroprotection. We collected information about Chr from the Internet databases PubMed, Web of Science, Europe PMC and CNKI with a combination of keywords including "Chr", "Pharmacology", and "Pharmacokinetics". All data about this ingredient in this review were extracted from articles published before September 2019. Based on the literature found, we concluded that (1) Chr exhibited potential anti-inflammation, anti-cardiovascular disease (CVD)and anti-cancer activities by regulating signaling pathway transduction (NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, etc.); (2) compared with free Chr, pharmacokinetic studies revealed that other forms of Chr, such as nanoparticle-based and liposome-based Chr, showed high bioavailability. Nevertheless, we also found that the understanding of the exact differences in the regulation of multiple molecular signaling pathways is in a preliminary stage and needs to be clarified. Moreover, further studies are required to determine the apoptotic mechanism of Chr in cancer cells. Finally, we found that (3) structure modification studies demonstrated potential relationships between structure and drug activity. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pharmacological activities, intracorporal processes and structure-activity relationships of Chr and to provide an up-to-date reference for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Dong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Mohammed A, Ibrahim MA, Tajuddeen N, Aliyu AB, Isah MB. Antidiabetic potential of anthraquinones: A review. Phytother Res 2019; 34:486-504. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Mohammed
- Department of BiochemistryAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
| | | | - Nasir Tajuddeen
- Department of ChemistryAhmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
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Xie L, Tang H, Song J, Long J, Zhang L, Li X. Chrysophanol: a review of its pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1475-1487. [PMID: 31373015 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chrysophanol is a natural anthraquinone, also known as chrysophanic acid and 1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone. It has been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical fields. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetic researches of chrysophanol. KEY FINDING Information on chrysophanol was collected from the Internet database PubMed, Elsevier, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PM using a combination of keywords including 'pharmacology', 'toxicology' and 'pharmacokinetics'. The literature we collected included from January 2010 to June 2019. Chrysophanol has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antioxidation, neuroprotection, antibacterial and antiviral, and regulating blood lipids. However, chrysophanol has obvious hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, and pharmacokinetics indicate that the use of chrysophanol in combination with other drugs can reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. SUMMARY Chrysophanol can be used in many diseases. Future research directions include how the concentration of chrysophanol affects pharmacological effects and toxicity; the mechanism of synergy between chrysophanol and other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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16
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Lu J, Li J, Hu Y, Guo Z, Sun D, Wang P, Guo K, Duan DD, Gao S, Jiang J, Wang J, Liu P. Chrysophanol protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing cellular PARylation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:782-793. [PMID: 31384538 PMCID: PMC6663922 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer chemotherapy is limited by its life-threatening cardiotoxic effects. Chrysophanol (CHR), an anthraquinone compound isolated from the rhizome of Rheum palmatum L., is considered to play a broad role in a variety of biological processes. However, the effects of CHR׳s cardioprotection in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy is poorly understood. In this study, we found that the cardiac apoptosis, mitochondrial injury and cellular PARylation levels were significantly increased in H9C2 cells treated by Dox, while these effects were suppressed by CHR. Similar results were observed when PARP1 activity was suppressed by its inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and ABT888. Ectopic expression of PARP1 effectively blocked this CHR׳s cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injury in H9C2 cells. Furthermore, pre-administration with both CHR and 3AB relieved DOX-induced cardiac apoptosis, mitochondrial impairment and heart dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rat model. These results revealed that CHR protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by suppressing cellular PARylation and provided critical evidence that PARylation may be a novel target for DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Key Words
- 3AB, 3-aminobenzamide
- ADR, adriamycin
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- Apoptosis
- CHR, chrysophanol
- CMC-Na, sodium carboxymethyl
- CO, cardiac output
- Cardiotoxicity
- Chrysophanol
- Cyt c, Cytochrome c
- DOX, doxorubicin
- Doxorubicin
- EF, ejection fraction
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FS, fractional shortening
- HE, hematoxylin-eosin
- HR, heart rate
- IVSd, end-diastolic interventricular septum
- IVSs, end-systolic interventricular septum
- LV, end-systolic volume
- LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume
- LVIDd, LV end-diastolic internal diameter
- LVIDs, LV end-systolic internal diameter
- LVPWd, LV end-diastolic posterior wall thickness
- LVPWs, LV end-systolic posterior wall thickness
- Mitochondria
- NS, normal saline
- PAR, polymers of ADP-ribose
- PARP1, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
- PARylated, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated
- PARylation
- PARylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RCR, respiratory control ratio
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rh123, rhodamine 123
- SD, Sprague–Dawley
- TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling
- VDAC1, voltage dependent anion channel 1
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Achakzai JK, Anwar Panezai M, Kakar MA, Kakar AM, Kakar S, Khan J, Khan NY, Khilji I, Tareen AK. In Vitro Anticancer MCF-7, Anti-Inflammatory, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) and GC-MS Analysis of Whole Plant Butanol Fraction of Rheum ribes (WBFRR). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3264846. [PMID: 31341895 PMCID: PMC6612377 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3264846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, GC-MS analysis has shown that whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) comprises of 21 compounds which exhibited anticancer (MCF-7) activity having IC50 value of 36.01± 0.26. MTT assay (MCF-7), Oxidative Burst assay using chemiluminescence technique, and B-Hatching techniques were the methods used for anticancer MCF-7, anti-inflammatory, and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). GC-MS was used for structural elucidation. Whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR), whole plant n-hexane fraction of rheum ribes (WHFRR), and whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) were inactive against anticancer (MCF-7) cell line. Whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR), whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) and whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) showed anti-inflammatory activity on ROS having IC50 value of 23.2±1.9, 24.2±2.7 and 12.0±0.6. Whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) showed Brine Shrimp Lethality with LD50 693.302 while whole plant methanol extract of rheum ribes (WMERR) and whole plant aqueous fraction of rheum ribes (WAFRR) showed high lethality at highest concentration. This study revealed that whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) exhibited significant anticancer (MCF-7) activity. In the near future, the constituent of whole plant butanol fraction of rheum ribes (WBFRR) can be the alternative drug against MCF-7 cell line with least toxicity and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muhammad Ayub Kakar
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Manan Kakar
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Shahabuddin Kakar
- Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Javed Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nazima Yousaf Khan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Inayatullah Khilji
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Ajab Khan Tareen
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
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18
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Ghorbani A, Amiri MS, Hosseini A. Pharmacological properties of Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01986. [PMID: 31294125 PMCID: PMC6595136 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal herbs have been increasingly used worldwide for diseases prevention and treatment. Rheum turkestanicum Janisch. is a perennial shrub of the Polygonaceae family. Genus Rheum includes more than 60 species growing around the world which are used in foods and traditional medicines. R. turkestanicum is believed to be able to improve different kinds of disorders including diabetes, hypertension, jaundice and cancer. In recent years, this medicinal plant has been a subject of many experimental studies to document its health-beneficial properties. These studies have revealed antidiabetic, anticancer, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective properties of R. turkestanicum. The presence of flavonoids (e.g. epicatechin and quercetin) and anthraquinones (e.g. chrysophanol, physcion, and emodin) in R. turkestanicum justifies its health-beneficial effects. Nevertheless, possible therapeutic applications and safety of this plant still need to be elucidated in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ghorbani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Taderera T, Chagonda LS, Gomo E, Katerere D, Shai LJ. Annona stenophylla aqueous extract stimulate glucose uptake in established C2Cl2 muscle cell lines. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2219-2229. [PMID: 31656507 PMCID: PMC6794551 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annona stenophylla is a folk medicine popularly used in Zimbabwe for the treatment of many ailments. This study was carried out to determine some of the possible anti diabetic mechanisms of its action using in vitro cell culturing methods. METHODS A. stenophylla's effects on glucose uptake were tested using muscle cells (C2Cl2). Expression of glucose 4 transporters was determined by treating cell lines with plant extract. Total RNA was isolated and using RT-PCR, GLUT 4 expression levels were quantified. Translocation of GLUT 4 was assessed using FITC fluorescence measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Treatment of cells with plant extract significantly increased glucose uptake in a concentration dependent manner, with the highest concentration (250 µg/ml) giving 28% increased uptake compared to the negative control. The increase in glucose uptake (2.5 times more than control) was coupled to increase in GLUT 4 mRNA and subsequently GLUT 4 translocation. Wortmannin expunged the A. stenophylla induced increase in GLUT 4 mRNA and glucose uptake. CONCLUSION The results suggest that A. stenophylla aqueous extract increases glucose uptake partly through increasing the GLUT 4 mRNA and translocation potentially acting via the PI-3-K pathway. This study confirms the ethnopharmacological uses of A. stenophylla indicating potential for anti-diabetic products formulation.
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20
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Yuan J, Hong H, Zhang Y, Lu J, Yu Y, Bi X, Wang J, Ye J. Chrysophanol attenuated isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:695-705. [PMID: 30977566 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathological change found in various cardiovascular diseases. Although it has long been recognized as an important risk factor responsible for heart failure, there is still a lack of effective treatments in clinic. Chrysophanol is a natural compound with multiple biological activities and protective roles in the cardiovascular system. However, its potential effect on cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. In the current study, we found that chrysophanol could protect against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. Increase of cell surface and hypertrophic marker expression induced by ISO in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was downregulated by chrysophanol. Moreover, chrysophanol ameliorated the abnormal changes of cardiac structure and function in rats subjected to ISO injection, as shown by echocardiography and morphometry measurements. Further mechanistical investigation demonstrated that chrysophanol inhibited phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) induced by ISO. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 and transcription of downstream genes promoted by ISO treatment were also remarkably suppressed by chrysophanol. Taken together, our findings revealed that chrysophanol attenuated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Chrysophanol may be a potential candidate compound for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophy-related cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqi Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Youhui Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Bi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong, China
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21
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Song W, Jiang W, Wang C, Xie J, Liang X, Sun Y, Gong L, Liu W, Qu L. Jinmaitong, a Traditional Chinese Compound Prescription, Ameliorates the Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats by Increasing Sciatic Nerve IGF-1 and IGF-1R Expression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:255. [PMID: 30983995 PMCID: PMC6450141 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jinmaitong (JMT) is a Traditional Chinese Compound Prescription for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This study aims to investigate the effect of JMT on the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in sciatic nerves of diabetic rats. Firstly, the chemical profile of JMT was characterized by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis. A total of 72 compounds were putatively identified. Secondly, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with neurotropin (NTP, 2.67 NU/kg/day) or JMT at low-dosage (0.4375 g/kg/day), medium-dosage (0.875 g/kg/day), and high-dosage (1.75 g/kg/day) for continuous 16 weeks. Blood glucose and body weight were detected every 4 weeks during the experiment. The mechanical pain and morphological change on sciatic nerves were detected by pain measurement instrument and microscopy. The IGF-1 level in serum and tissues were measured though ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expressions of IGF-1, IGF-1R, peripheral myelin protein zero (P0), and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in the tissues were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. As a result, JMT had no significant effect on body weight, but reduced the fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic rats. Besides, the pathological morphology, mechanical pain thresholds, serum level and tissue expression of IGF-1, mRNA, and protein levels of IGF-1R, P0, and PMP22 were significantly improved in JMT group at middle dosage. In conclusion, JMT could ameliorate the behavioristics and morphology changes in DPN rats by promoting IGF-1 and IGF-1R gene and protein expressions in sciatic nerves, as well as regulating the peripheral nerve remyelination genes P0 and PMP22 expressions, which provides scientific evidence for the clinical application of JMT in DPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochun Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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22
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Prateeksha, Yusuf MA, Singh BN, Sudheer S, Kharwar RN, Siddiqui S, Abdel-Azeem AM, Fernandes Fraceto L, Dashora K, Gupta VK. Chrysophanol: A Natural Anthraquinone with Multifaceted Biotherapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E68. [PMID: 30781696 PMCID: PMC6406798 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysophanol is a unique anthraquinone having broad-spectrum therapeutic potential along with ecological importance. It is the first polyketide that has been reported to be biosynthesized in an organism-specific manner. The traditional Chinese and Korean medicinal systems provide evidence of the beneficial effects of chrysophanol on human health. The global distribution of chrysophanol encountered in two domains of life (bacteria and eukaryota) has motivated researchers to critically evaluate the properties of this compound. A plethora of literature is available on the pharmacological properties of chrysophanol, which include anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antimicrobial activities. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicity studies on chrysophanol demand further investigations for it to be used as a drug. This is the first comprehensive review on the natural sources, biosynthetic pathways, and pharmacology of chrysophanol. Here we reviewed recent advancements made on the pharmacokinetics of the chrysophanol. Additionally, we have highlighted the knowledge gaps of its mechanism of action against diseases and toxicity aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateeksha
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Yusuf
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow-226016, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Brahma N. Singh
- Herbal Nanobiotechnology Lab, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surya Sudheer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Ravindra N. Kharwar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Saba Siddiqui
- Integral Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (IIAST), Integral University, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, São Paulo State University–Unesp, Sorocaba–São Paulo 18087-180, Brazil;
| | - Kavya Dashora
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Vijai K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia;
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23
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Liu M, Gong X, Quan Y, Zhou Y, Li Y, Peng C. A Cell-Based Metabonomics Approach to Investigate the Varied Influences of Chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-Glucoside With Different Concentrations on L-02 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1530. [PMID: 30687094 PMCID: PMC6333758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different concentrations of chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside (C-8-O-β-D-glu) on L-02 liver cells were analyzed by high content analysis (HCA) and metabonomics to explore the potential mechanism involved. The results showed that low concentrations (12 and 24 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu increased the cells viability significantly, while high concentration (96 μM) showed significant cytotoxicity on L-02 cells. HCA was applied to analyze the changes of nuclei and mitochondria after the cells being exposed to C-8-O-β-D-glu for 24 h. The results showed high concentration (96 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu significantly reduced the number of living cells, increased average nucleus area, DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Then non-target metabonomics was carried out to identify potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways of L-02 cells impacted by C-8-O-β-D-glu. Eleven important potential biomarkers associated with four metabolic pathways were identified in this analysis. Dysregulation of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were observed in both LCG and HCG. In addition, low concentration (24 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu would impact arginine and proline metabolism. High concentration (96 μM) of C-8-O-β-D-glu would impact phenylalanine metabolism and beta-alanine metabolism. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism were involved in different effects of C-8-O-β-D-glu on L-02 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunxia Li
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Pharmacy College, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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24
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Chandrasekhar C, Rajpurohit H, Javaji K, Kuncha M, Setti A, Ali AZ, Tiwari AK, Misra S, Kumar CG. Anti-hyperglycemic and genotoxic studies of 1- O-methyl chrysophanol, a new anthraquinone isolated from Amycolatopsis thermoflava strain SFMA-103. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:148-160. [PMID: 30614298 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1551406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The compound 1-O-methyl chrysophanol (OMC) which belongs to a class of hydroxyanthraquinones was isolated from Amycolatopsis thermoflava strain SFMA-103 and studied for their anti-diabetic properties. OMC was evaluated as an anti-diabetic agent based on in silico studies which initially predicted the binding energy with α-amylase (-188.81 KJ mol-1) and with α-glucosidase (70.53 KJ mol-1). Further, these results were validated based on enzyme inhibition assays where OMC demonstrated enzyme inhibitory activity towards α-amylase (IC50 3.4 mg mL-1) and α-glucosidase (IC50 38.49 μg mL-1). To confirm the anti-diabetic activity, in vivo studies (oral dose in Wistar rats) revealed that OMC inhibited significantly the increase in glucose concentration at 100 mg/kg as compared to starch control (p < 0.05). Further, to understand the safety of OMC as a therapeutic agent, the genotoxic analysis was performed in both in vitro Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (250, 500, and 1000 µM/mL) and in vivo Swiss albino mice (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). In vitro results showed that OMC concentration of up to 250 µM/mL did not elicit significant changes in CAs, MI, and MN counts in CHO cells. Similarly, in mice experiments (i.p. injection), no significant changes in CAs, MI, and MN induction were observed till 500 mg/kg of OMC when compared with chrysophanic acid (Cy) (200 mg/kg). In addition, mice that received the lowest dose of OMC (250 mg/kg) did not show any histological changes in liver, kidney, and heart. The study concluded that five times higher therapeutic dose (100 mg/kg) of OMC can be utilized against hyperglycemia with no genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheemalamarri Chandrasekhar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Hemshikha Rajpurohit
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kalpana Javaji
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aravind Setti
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Zehra Ali
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - C Ganesh Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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25
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Zhao P, Ming Q, Qiu J, Tian D, Liu J, Shen J, Liu QH, Yang X. Ethanolic Extract of Folium Sennae Mediates the Glucose Uptake of L6 Cells by GLUT4 and Ca 2. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112934. [PMID: 30424024 PMCID: PMC6278344 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In today’s world, diabetes mellitus (DM) is on the rise, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by insulin resistance. T2DM has high morbidity, and therapies with natural products have attracted much attention in the recent past. In this paper, we aimed to study the hypoglycemic effect and the mechanism of an ethanolic extract of Folium Sennae (FSE) on L6 cells. The glucose uptake of L6 cells was investigated using a glucose assay kit. We studied glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation levels using western blot analysis. GLUT4 trafficking and intracellular Ca2+ levels were monitored by laser confocal microscopy in L6 cells stably expressing IRAP-mOrange. GLUT4 fusion with plasma membrane (PM) was observed by myc-GLUT4-mOrange. FSE stimulated glucose uptake; GLUT4 expression and translocation; PM fusion; intracellular Ca2+ elevation; and the phosphorylation of AMPK, Akt, and PKC in L6 cells. GLUT4 translocation was weakened by the AMPK inhibitor compound C, PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin, PKC inhibitor Gö6983, G protein inhibitor PTX/Gallein, and PLC inhibitor U73122. Similarly, in addition to PTX/Gallein and U73122, the IP3R inhibitor 2-APB and a 0 mM Ca2+-EGTA solution partially inhibited the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. BAPTA-AM had a significant inhibitory effect on FSE-mediated GLUT4 activities. In summary, FSE regulates GLUT4 expression and translocation by activating the AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and G protein–PLC–PKC pathways. FSE causes increasing Ca2+ concentration to complete the fusion of GLUT4 vesicles with PM, allowing glucose uptake. Therefore, FSE may be a potential drug for improving T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhao
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qian Ming
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Junying Qiu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Di Tian
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jinhua Shen
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- Institute for Medical Biology & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in the Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, 182 Min-Zu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Sun Y, Xin X, Zhang K, Cui T, Peng Y, Zheng J. Cytochrome P450 mediated metabolic activation of chrysophanol. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 289:57-67. [PMID: 29698620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chrysophanol, a major anthraquinone component occurring in many traditional Chinese herbs, is accepted as important active component with various pharmacological actions such as antibacterial and anticancer activity. Previous studies demonstrated that exposure to chrysophanol induced cytotoxicity, but the mechanisms of the toxic effects remain unknown. In the present metabolism study, three oxidative metabolites (M1-M3, aloe-emodine, 7-hydroxychrysophanol, and 2-hydroxychrysophanol) and five GSH conjugates (M4-M8) were detected in rat and human liver microsomal incubations of chrysophanol supplemented with GSH, and the formation of the metabolites was NADPH dependent except M4 and M5. M4 and M5 were directly derived from parent compound chrysophanol, M6 arose from M2, and M7 and M8 resulted from the oxidation of M4 and M5. Metabolites M5 and M6 were also observed in bile of rats after exposure to chrysophanol, M1-M3 and one NAC conjugate (M9) were detected in urine of rats administrated chrysophanol, and urinary metabolite M9 originated from the degradation of biliary GSH conjugation M6. Recombinant P450 enzyme incubation and microsome inhibition studies demonstrated that P450 1A2 was the primary enzyme responsible for the metabolic activation of chrysophanol and that P450 2B6 and P450 3A4 also participated in the generation of the oxidative metabolites. These findings helped us to understand the mechanisms of chrysophanol-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Xin Xin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Tiantian Cui
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1)
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1).
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China(1); State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, PR China(1).
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Pandeti S, Yerra NV, Raju NP, Thota JR. Naturally occurring chrysophanol as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization matrix for the analysis of a broad spectrum of analytes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:451-456. [PMID: 29334585 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Pandeti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Division of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Naga Veera Yerra
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Namburi Prasada Raju
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Jagadeshwar Reddy Thota
- Division of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110001, India
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Chrysophanol Relieves Cognition Deficits and Neuronal Loss Through Inhibition of Inflammation in Diabetic Mice. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:972-983. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xu L, Li Y, Dai Y, Peng J. Natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2018; 130:451-465. [PMID: 29395440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have implied that diabetes mellitus (DM) will become an epidemic accompany with metabolic and endocrine disorders worldwide. Most of DM patients are affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. Generally, the strategies to treat T2DM are diet control, moderate exercise, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowing agents. Despite the therapeutic benefits for the treatment of T2DM, most of the drugs can produce some undesirable side effects. Considering the pathogenesis of T2DM, natural products (NPs) have become the important resources of bioactive agents for anti-T2DM drug discovery. Recently, more and more natural components have been elucidated to possess anti-T2DM properties, and many efforts have been carried out to elucidate the possible mechanisms. The aim of this paper was to overview the activities and underlying mechanisms of NPs against T2DM. Developments of anti-T2DM agents will be greatly promoted with the increasing comprehensions of NPs for their multiple regulating effects on various targets and signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Qian K, Wang H, Liu J, Gao S, Liu W, Wan X, Zhang Y, Liu QS, Yin XY. Synthesis of α-glycosidase hybrid nano-flowers and their application for enriching and screening α-glycosidase inhibitors. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03545d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To rapidly and accurately screen compounds present in traditional Chinese herbal medicines for α-glycosidase inhibitors, we synthesized a novel nano-affinity material to enable the targeted screening of α-glycosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qian
- College of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jieming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Shuting Gao
- College of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Weiting Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Xi Wan
- College of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Nanchang
- China
| | - Qing-Shan Liu
- China Key Lab of Ministry of Education
- National Research Center for Chinese Minority Medicine
- Minzu University of China
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai University of Engineering Science
- Shanghai
- China
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Onoda T, Li W, Sasaki T, Miyake M, Higai K, Koike K. Identification and evaluation of magnolol and chrysophanol as the principle protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory compounds in a Kampo medicine, Masiningan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 186:84-90. [PMID: 27049294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Masiningan is a traditional medicine consisting of six crude drugs that have been used for treating constipation and diabetes mellitus in both Japan and China. Masiningan has been reported to have significant PTP1B inhibitory activity and to affect cells in the insulin-signaling pathway. The aim of the present study is to identify the PTP1B inhibitory compounds in Masiningan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioactivity peaks were identified by analytical HPLC profiling and PTP1B inhibitory activity profiling of sub-fractions from Masiningan extract. The bioactive compounds were isolated by tracking two identified bioactive peaks, and the chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The bioactive compounds were further investigated for their inhibitory effect against PTP1B by enzymatic kinetic analysis, molecular docking simulation, inhibitory selectivity against other PTPs, and cellular activity in the insulin signal transduction pathway. RESULTS From Masiningan, magnolol (1) and chrysophanol (2) were isolated as compounds that exhibited significant dose-dependent inhibitory activities against PTP1B, with IC50 values of 24.6 and 12.3μM, respectively. Kinetic analysis revealed that 1 is a non-competitive and that 2 is a competitive PTP1B inhibitor. In the molecular docking simulation, compound 2 was stably positioned in the active pocket of PTP1B, and the CDOCKER energy was calculated to be 24.3411kcal/mol. Both compounds demonstrated remarkably high selectivity against four PTPs and revealed cellular activity against the insulin signal transduction pathway. CONCLUSIONS Magnolol (1) and chrysophanol (2) were identified as the principle PTP1B inhibitory active compounds in Masiningan, and their actions were investigated in detail. These findings demonstrated the effectiveness of Masiningan on diabetes mellitus through the inhibition of PTP1B at a molecular level as well as the potential of magnolol (1) and chrysophanol (2) as lead compounds in future anti-diabetes drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Onoda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Shimoshidu 564-1, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan.
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Megumi Miyake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Koji Higai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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32
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Ren G, Li L, Hu H, Li Y, Liu C, Wei S. Influence of the Environmental Factors on the Accumulation of the Bioactive Ingredients in Chinese Rhubarb Products. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154649. [PMID: 27138597 PMCID: PMC4854418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide a basis for controlling the quality of rhubarb under artificial cultivation, the present work was designed to evaluate the contents of 14 active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) of rhubarb in major rhubarb production areas in China and analyze the correlations between the contents of API and such factors as species, geographic distribution and soil. The levels of fourteen API in rhubarb were measured using HPLC. The geographic distributions were collected using GPS and the nutrients in the soil were measured using the methods in the literature. The results showed that the levels of major API vary significantly among plants of different locations according to variance analysis. The species factor has few obvious effect on the overall properties of the rhubarb by the cluster analysis because of the two source species occurring in all divided three groups. However, Rheum tanguticum Maxim.ex Balf. is less effective at synthesizing and accumulating 9 API out of 14 than Rheum palmatum L. The correlation analysis and regression analysis also indicated that a lower latitude should be considered in the accumulation of API and a lower longitude should be considered to produce more compound anthraquinones. Lower levels of total P, rapidly available P and available molybdenum (Mo) and higher available K and available Zn in the soil were significantly correlated to accumulation of API in rhubarb. These results provide a basis for the clinical application and controlling the levels of the major API of rhubarb during artificial cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, No. 13 Shuiche Hutong, Xinjiekou, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shengli Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
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Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs): a New Sight for Chrysophanol to Treat Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury. Inflammation 2016; 39:928-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Jiang W, Zhou R, Li P, Sun Y, Lu Q, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu J, Hao K, Ding X. Protective effect of chrysophanol on LPS/d-GalN-induced hepatic injury through the RIP140/NF-κB pathway. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19841k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysophanol prevented LPS/d-GalN-induced liver injury through the induction of antioxidant defence, suppression of apoptosis and reduction of inflammatory response via inhibition of the RIP140/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Peijin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yilin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Qianfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Yue Qiu
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- School of Life Sciences
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy
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35
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Liu H, Zheng J, Li RH. Clinical efficacy of 'Spleen-kidney-care' Yiqi Huayu and Jiangzhuo traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of patients with diabetic nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1096-1102. [PMID: 26622446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 'Spleen-kidney-care' Yiqi Huayu and Jiangzhuo decoction (SKC-YJ), as an adjuvant therapy in diabetic nephropathy (DN) treatment. In total, 72 patients with DN were randomly divided into control (n=54) and experimental (n=18) groups, with the latter administered SKC-YJ treatment. Indicators for determining the condition of the patients included the levels of proteinuria, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids, blood viscosity and C-reactive protein, which were used to analyze the treatment protocols for DN. Following SKC-YJ treatment, the urinary albumin excretion rate, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-postprandial blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, blood viscosity, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels were detected in the two groups, and were all demonstrated to decrease significantly following treatment with SKC-YJ. Furthermore, the results revealed that SKC-YJ treatment exhibited no significant side-effects on the blood, liver and renal functions or gastrointestinal reactions. By contrast, SKC-YJ improved the symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in the patients with DN, while showing no allergic reaction during the observation period. Therefore, SKC-YJ treatment was shown to significantly improve the clinical efficacy of DN treatment, illustrating novel roles for TCM in DN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Heng Li
- Cooperation Department of Chinese and Western Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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36
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Lazarova I, Zengin G, Bender O, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Uysal S, Ceylan R, Gevrenova R, Aktumsek A, Acar M, Gunduz M. A comparative study of Bulgarian and Turkish Asphodeline lutea root extracts: HPLC–UV profiles, enzyme inhibitory potentials and anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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37
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Wang S, Chen P, Xu Y, Li X, Fan X. Characterization of the chemical constituents in Da-Huang-Gan-Cao-Tang by liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1748-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Pinghong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China
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Virtualizing the p-ANAPL library: a step towards drug discovery from African medicinal plants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90655. [PMID: 24599120 PMCID: PMC3944075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural products play a key role in drug discovery programs, both serving as drugs and as templates for the synthesis of drugs, even though the quantities and availabilities of samples for screening are often limitted. Experimental approach A current collection of physical samples of > 500 compound derived from African medicinal plants aimed at screening for drug discovery has been made by donations from several researchers from across the continent to be directly available for drug discovery programs. A virtual library of 3D structures of compounds has been generated and Lipinski’s “Rule of Five” has been used to evaluate likely oral availability of the samples. Results A majority of the compound samples are made of flavonoids and about two thirds (2/3) are compliant to the “Rule of Five”. The pharmacological profiles of thirty six (36) selected compounds in the collection have been discussed. Conclusions and implications The p-ANAPL library is the largest physical collection of natural products derived from African medicinal plants directly available for screening purposes. The virtual library is also available and could be employed in virtual screening campaigns.
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39
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AbouZid SF, Ahmed OM, Ahmed RR, Mahmoud A, Abdella E, Ashour MB. Antihyperglycemic Effect of Crude Extracts of Some Egyptian Plants and Algae. J Med Food 2014; 17:400-6. [PMID: 24404976 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Fekry AbouZid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha Rashad Ahmed
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Genetics, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman Mahmoud
- Division of Physiology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ehab Abdella
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology, and Genetics, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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40
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Quantifying four-probe metabolites in a single UPLC–MS/MS run to explore the effects of cooked rhubarb on cytochrome P450 isozymes. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:2693-703. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes primarily account for the oxidation of xenobiotics. A single run UPLC–MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously detect four metabolites from a probe cocktail to investigate four CYP isozymes. Paracetamol was detected to investigate CYP1A2, 4-hydroxytolbutamide for CYP2C6, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone for CYP2E1 and dehydronifedipine for CYP3A1. 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone was detected in ESI-negative mode, while the other three were detected in ESI-positive mode. Results: The method was rapid (2.5 min) and validated to be specific, accurate and precise. It was successfully applied to evaluate the effects of cooked rhubarb on the activities of the four isozymes in rat microsomes. Cooked rhubarb inhibited the activity of CYP2C6 but induced both CYP2E1 and CYP3A1. Conclusion: This convenient UPLC–MS/MS method was applicable. It could improve the efficiency of future studies estimating the influence of herbs, herbal products or drug entities on the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A1.
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41
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Hsu SC, Chung JG. Anticancer potential of emodin. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2012; 2:108-116. [PMID: 32289000 PMCID: PMC7104001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomed.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is widely used in clinical research due to its low toxicity, low number of side effects, and low cost. Many components of common fruits and vegetables play well-documented roles as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents that suppress tumorigenesis. Anthraquinones are commonly extracted from the Polygonaceae family of plants, e.g., Rheum palmatum and Rheum officinale. Some of the major chemical components of anthraquinone and its derivatives, such as aloe-emodin, danthron, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, and rhein, have demonstrated potential anticancer properties. This review evaluates the pharmacological effects of emodin, a major component of Aloe vera. In particular, emodin demonstrates anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenesis, and toxicological potential for use in pharmacology, both in vitro and in vivo. Emodin demonstrates cytotoxic effects (e.g., cell death) through the arrest of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The overall molecular mechanisms of emodin include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and the promotion of the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, glutathione S-transferase P, N-acetyltransferase, and glutathione phase I and II detoxification enzymes while inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion, migration, chemical-induced carcinogen-DNA adduct formation, HER2/neu, CKII kinase, and p34cdc2 kinase in human cancer cells. Hopefully, this summary will provide information regarding the actions of emodin in cancer cells and broaden the application potential of chemotherapy to additional cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
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Zhang TT, Jiang JG. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1625-42. [PMID: 22862558 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.713937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic progressive systemic disease caused by metabolic disorder. In recent years, significant amounts of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and its active ingredients have obvious hypoglycemic effect. AREAS COVERED This paper summarizes single herbs and their active ingredients from TCM with the role of treating DM, and relevant literatures published in the past decades are reviewed. The active ingredients are divided into polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and others, which are described in this article from the aspects of active ingredients, sources, models, efficacy, and mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION Mechanisms of TCM in treating DM are concluded: i) to promote insulin secretion and increase serum insulin levels; ii) to increase the sensitivity of insulin and improve its resistance; iii) to inhibit glucose absorption; iv) to affect glucose metabolism of insulin receptor; and v) to scavenge radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. The separation and extraction of effective monomer from TCM is an important direction of anti-diabetic drug discovery currently. Future research about hypoglycemic mechanism of TCM based on the clinical should combine with modern scientific methods and regulatory approach to strive for more meaningful discovery and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Zhang
- South China University of Technology, College of Food and Bioengineering, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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43
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Rokaya MB, Maršík P, Münzbergová Z. Active constituents in Rheum acuminatum and Rheum australe (Polygonaceae) roots: A variation between cultivated and naturally growing plants. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Seo EJ, Ngoc TM, Lee SM, Kim YS, Jung YS. Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, an anthraquinone derivative in rhubarb, has antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:245-54. [PMID: 22302018 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11123fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb is a widely used traditional medicine and has been reported to elicit a number of biological effects including anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of anthraquinone derivatives isolated from rhubarb on platelet activity. Of four anthraquinone derivatives isolated from rhubarb examined, chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside (CP-8-O-glc) was found to have the most potent inhibitory effect on collagen- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. CP-8-O-glc-treated mice showed significantly prolonged bleeding times. Furthermore, CP-8-O-glc was found to have a significant inhibitory effect on rat platelet aggregation ex vivo and on thromboxane A(2) formation in vitro. In coagulation tests, CP-8-O-glc did not alter prothrombin time, and it prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time. However, CP-8-O-glc only inhibited platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, but not exert direct inhibition on intrinsic factors. This study demonstrates the antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects of CP-8-O-glc and suggests that this compound might be of therapeutic benefit for the prevention of platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Seo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Maithani A, Parcha V, Pant G, Kumar D, Dhulia I. Evaluation of Anti–hyperglycaemic Action of Different Fractions and Sub-fractions from Aqueous Extract of Aloe vera Linn. Leaf on Alloxan Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Rajasekara A, Kalaivani M, Sabitha R. Anti-Diabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Monascus purpureus Fermented Rice in High Cholesterol Diet Fed-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2009.180.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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