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Hong GH, Lee SY, Kim IA, Suk J, Baeg C, Kim JY, Lee S, Kim KJ, Kim KT, Kim MG, Park KY. Effect of Heat-Treated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum nF1 on the Immune System Including Natural Killer Cell Activity: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1339. [PMID: 38732587 PMCID: PMC11085399 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat-treated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum nF1 (HT-nF1) increases immune cell activation and the production of various immunomodulators (e.g., interleukin (IL)-12) as well as immunoglobulin (Ig) G, which plays an important role in humoral immunity, and IgA, which activates mucosal immunity. To determine the effect of HT-nF1 intake on improving immune function, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 100 subjects with normal white blood cell counts. The HT-nF1 group was administered capsules containing 5 × 1011 cells of HT-nF1 once a day for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of HT-nF1 intake, significant changes in IL-12 were observed in the HT-nF1 group (p = 0.045). In particular, the change in natural killer (NK) cell activity significantly increased in subjects with low secretory (s) IgA (≤49.61 μg/mL) and low NK activity (E:T = 10:1) (≤3.59%). These results suggest that HT-nF1 has no safety issues and improves the innate immune function by regulating T helper (Th)1-related immune factors. Therefore, we confirmed that HT-nF1 not only has a positive effect on regulating the body's immunity, but it is also a safe material for the human body, which confirms its potential as a functional health food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hye Hong
- IMMUNOBIOTECH Corp., Seoul 06628, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - So-Young Lee
- IMMUNOBIOTECH Corp., Seoul 06628, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - In Ah Kim
- Global Medical Research Center, Seoul 03737, Republic of Korea; (I.A.K.); (J.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Jangmi Suk
- Global Medical Research Center, Seoul 03737, Republic of Korea; (I.A.K.); (J.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Chaemin Baeg
- Global Medical Research Center, Seoul 03737, Republic of Korea; (I.A.K.); (J.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Sehee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Department of Nano Bio Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ki Tae Kim
- IMMUNOBIOTECH Corp., Seoul 06628, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Min Gee Kim
- IMMUNOBIOTECH Corp., Seoul 06628, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Kun-Young Park
- IMMUNOBIOTECH Corp., Seoul 06628, Republic of Korea; (G.-H.H.); (S.-Y.L.)
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Yang KD, Zhang X, Shao MC, Wang LN. Aconite aqueous extract inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through CCL2-dependent enhancement of natural killer cell infiltration. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:575-583. [PMID: 37957089 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aconite is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been found to inhibit the development of liver cancer; however, its exact molecular mechanisms in this process remain unclear. This study explores how aconite aqueous extract (AAE) inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS An in vivo mouse model of subcutaneous liver cancer was established. After AAE treatment, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine the effect of AAE on natural killer (NK) cells. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the subcutaneous tumor model, and a group of these mice were treated with anti-PK163 antibody to remove NK cells, which was verified by flow cytometry and IHC. The effect of AAE on the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro was determined using cell counting kit-8. The effect of AAE on chemokine production in HCC cells was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of AAE on the migration of NK cells was determined using a transwell assay. Finally, the molecular mechanism was investigated using the Western blotting method. RESULTS We demonstrated that the ability of AAE to induce overexpression of the cytokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in HCC cells is fundamental to the infiltration of NK cells into the tumor bed. Mechanistically, we found that the upregulation of CCL2 was achieved by the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not extracellular regulated protein kinase or p38. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that AAE can be used as an effective immune adjuvant to enhance antitumor immunity by increasing NK cell infiltration into tumors, which could help to improve the efficacy of HCC treatments. Please cite this article as: Yang KD, Zhang X, Shao MC, Wang LN. Aconite aqueous extract inhibits the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through CCL2-dependent enhancement of natural killer cell infiltration. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(6): 575-583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-di Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming-Cong Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Kakkar RA, Haneen MA, Parida AC, Sharma G. The known, unknown, and the intriguing about members of a critically endangered traditional medicinal plant genus Aconitum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139215. [PMID: 37575934 PMCID: PMC10421671 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Humanity will always be indebted to plants. In the ongoing scientific era, the 'Herbal Revolution' has helped discover several valuable medicinal plants and associated novel secondary metabolites from the diverse unexplored ecosystems, treating several diseases via phytotherapy. The Aconitum genus comprises several economically-important poisonous mountainous medicinal plant species whose unique biodiversity is on the verge of extinction due to illegal human intervention triggered habitat loss, over-harvesting, and unrestricted trading. Owing to its vast diversity of diterpene alkaloids, most species are extensively used to treat several ailments in rural parts of the world. Irrespective of this, many unexplored and intriguing prospects exist to understand and utilize this critical plant for human benefit. This systematic review tries to fill this gap by compiling information from the sporadically available literature known for ~300 Aconitum spp. regarding its nomenclature and classification, endangerment, plant morphology, ploidy, secondary metabolites, drug pharmacokinetics, conservation, and omics-based computational studies. We also depicted the disparity in the studied model organisms for this diverse genus. The absence of genomic/metagenomic data is becoming a limiting factor in understanding its plant physiology, metabolic pathways, and plant-microbes interactions, and therefore must be promoted. Additionally, government support and public participation are crucial in establishing conservation protocols to save this plant from endangerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mariam Azeezuddin Haneen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
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Kagawa S, Tanabe K, Hiromura M, Ogawa K, Koga T, Maeda T, Amo-Shiinoki K, Ochi H, Ichiki Y, Fukuyama S, Suzuki S, Suizu N, Ohmine T, Hamachi S, Tsuneki H, Okuya S, Sasaoka T, Tanizawa Y, Nagashima F. Hachimijiogan, a traditional herbal medicine, modulates adipose cell function and ameliorates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1167934. [PMID: 37251332 PMCID: PMC10217779 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1167934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hachimijiogan (HJG) has originally been used to ameliorate a variety of symptoms associated with low ambient temperatures. However, its pharmacological action in metabolic organs remains unclear. We hypothesized that HJG may modulate metabolic function and have a potential therapeutic application to metabolic diseases. To test this hypothesis, we investigated metabolic action of HJG in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice chronically administered with HJG showed a reduction in adipocyte size with increased transcription of beige adipocyte-related genes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. HJG-mixed high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed alleviation of HFD-induced weight gain, adipocyte hypertrophy, liver steatosis with a significant reduction in circulating leptin and Fibroblast growth factor 21 despite no changes in food intake or oxygen consumption. Feeding an HJG-mixed HFD following 4-weeks of HFD feeding, while a limited effect on body weight, improved insulin sensitivity with a reversal of decreased circulating adiponectin. In addition, HJG improved insulin sensitivity in the leptin-deficient mice without significant effects on body weight. Treatment with n-butanol soluble extracts of HJG potentiated transcription of Uncoupling protein 1 mediated by β3-adrenergic agonism in 3T3L1 adipocytes. These findings provide evidence that HJG modulates adipocyte function and may exert preventive or therapeutic effects against obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syota Kagawa
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Makoto Hiromura
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biochemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kakuyou Ogawa
- Department of Natural Medicine, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Koga
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kikuko Amo-Shiinoki
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ochi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Ichiki
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shogo Fukuyama
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Natsuki Suizu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ohmine
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sakurako Hamachi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okuya
- Health Administration Centre, Organisation for University Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Nagashima
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gao H, Li Z, Cheng C, Cui J, Peng J, Wang X, Zhang M, Hou Y, Bai G. Fuziline Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Activating Beta Adrenergic Receptors to Stimulate Thermogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8362. [PMID: 37176069 PMCID: PMC10179377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Radix aconiti carmichaeli is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Patients with these diseases often experience a heat generation disorder, which is characterized by chilliness and can worsen the progression of the disease. This study established an in vitro screening model combining the examination of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial temperature to screen drugs with thermogenic activity. After differentiation and determination of the content of characteristic metabolites of the drug-containing serum blood components, it was found that Fuziline (FZL) is the key thermogenic property in Radix aconiti carmichaeli, responsible for its thermogenic effects with a high relative importance of 33%. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermogenic activity of Radix aconiti carmichaeli and FZL in vivo by assessing temperature changes in various organs, including the rectum, liver, and brown adipose tissue. Moreover, the effects of intracellular β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonistic effects were evaluated using transient β3-AR transfection and dual-luciferase assay systems. The molecular mechanism by which FZL promotes thermogenesis and improves mitochondrial function was investigated by verifying the β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) downstream signaling pathway. The results suggest that FZL activates β-AR nonselectively, which in turn activates the downstream cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and leads to an increase in liver glycogenolysis and triglyceride hydrolysis, accompanied by enhancing mitochondrial energy metabolism. Consequently, the liver and brown adipose tissue receive energy to generate heat. In summary, these findings provide insight into the therapeutic application of Radix aconiti carmichaeli for metabolic disorders associated with heat generation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Zhenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Chuanjing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Jiamin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
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Liu J, Tan Y, Ao H, Feng W, Peng C. Aqueous extracts of Aconite promote thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Chin Med 2021; 16:29. [PMID: 33741035 PMCID: PMC7980327 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intermittent or prolonged exposure to severe cold stress disturbs energy homeostasis and can lead to hypothermia, heart failure, Alzheimer’s disease, and so on. As the typical “hot” traditional Chinese medicine, Aconite has been widely used to treat cold-associated diseases for thousands of years, but its critical mechanisms for the promotion of thermogenesis are not fully resolved. Gut microbiota and its metabolites play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis. Here, we investigated whether the aqueous extracts of Aconite (AA) can enhance thermogenesis through modulation of the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in hypothermic rats. Methods The therapeutic effects of AA on body temperature, energy intake, and the histopathology of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue of hypothermic rats were assessed. Microbiota analysis based on 16 S rRNA and targeted metabolomics for bile acids (BAs) were used to evaluate the composition of gut microbiota and BAs pool. The antibiotic cocktail treatment was adopted to further confirm the relationship between the gut microbiota and the thermogenesis-promoting effects of AA. Results Our results showed a sharp drop in rectal temperature and body surface temperature in hypothermic rats. Administration of AA can significantly increase core body temperature, surface body temperature, energy intake, browning of white adipose tissue, and thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue. Importantly, these ameliorative effects of AA were accompanied by the shift of the disturbed composition of gut microbiota toward a healthier profile and the increased levels of BAs. In addition, the depletion of gut microbiota and the reduction of BAs caused by antibiotic cocktails reduced the thermogenesis-promoting effect of AA. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that AA promoted thermogenesis in rats with hypothermia via regulating gut microbiota and BAs metabolism. Our findings can also provide a novel solution for the treatment of thermogenesis-associated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hui Ao
- National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China. .,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Liu J, Feng W, Peng C. A Song of Ice and Fire: Cold and Hot Properties of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598744. [PMID: 33542688 PMCID: PMC7851091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The theory of cold and hot properties is the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and has been successfully applied to combat human diseases for thousands of years. Although the theory of cold and hot is very important to guide the clinical application of TCMs, this ancient theory remains an enigma for a long time. In recent years, more and more researchers have tried to uncover this ancient theory with the help of modern techniques, and the cold and hot properties of a myriad of TCMs have been studied. However, there is no review of cold and hot properties. In this review, we first briefly introduced the basic theories about cold and hot properties, including how to distinguish between the cold and hot properties of TCMs and the classification and treatment of cold and hot syndromes. Then, focusing on the application of cold and hot properties, we take several important TCMs with cold or hot property as examples to summarize their traditional usage, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. In addition, the mechanisms of thermogenesis and antipyretic effect of these important TCMs, which are related to the cold and hot properties, were summarized. At the end of this review, the perspectives on research strategies and research directions of hot and cold properties were also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwestern China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Jia Z, Chen A, Wang C, He M, Xu J, Fu H, Zhang X, Lv W, Guo Z. Amelioration effects of Kaempferol on immune response following chronic intermittent cold-stress. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:390-396. [PMID: 31412308 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cold-stress causes disturbance of the homeostatic regulation of animals, and gradually impairs the immune and antioxidant functions of animals. Therefore, increasing the effectiveness of the immune response and antioxidant function are the most attractive strategies against cold-stress. Kaempferol (KPF) exerts both an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pharmacological effect. However, nor much is known of the effects of KPF on providing protection from cold-induced intestinal oxidative damage and improving immunity. This study investigated the effects of KPF on immune factors and intestinal antioxidation in the blood of cold-stressed mice. KPF was solubilized in diluted saline before administration. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: (1) control, (2) cold-stress, (3) KPF 25 mg/kg, and (4) cinnamon (CAM) 30 mg/kg groups. Groups (2)-(4) were exposed to cold stress once a day for 7 days. Cold-stress was achieved by exposing the mice to a temperature of -15 °C and 70 ± 10% humidity for 60 min, once a day. The histopathological changes in the small intestine of the mice were analyzed. The T lymphocyte populations in blood were measured using flow cytometry. The level of SLC6a4, 5-HT3 and 5-HTT in small intestine tissue was assessed using RT-PCR analysis. Cow blood samples were obtained for the hematological analysis. Kaempferol (KPF) (25 mg/kg) regularized the intestinal antioxidant activity in the cold stress animals. KPF was able to significantly (P < .05) return intestinal SLC6a4, 5-HT3 and 5-HTT levels to normal after it had increased due to cold-stress. KPF treatment prevented the cold stress-induced decrease in blood CD4+T cells and decrease CD8+T cells levels in mice. Improved hematological profiles were additionally observed on treatment cows with KPF. KPF compared favorably with cinnamon in cold stress management, suggesting cold stress disturbs the anti-inflammatory effect of KPF. Thus, KPF contributes to suppress the activated pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-9, IL-13, CD8+T and neurochemicals, and to increase anti-inflammatory cytokines and CD4+T levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China.
| | - Meiling He
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - He Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; College of Basic Medical, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, PR China
| | - Wenting Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Zhenshuang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
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Zhang Z, Jiang M, Wei X, Shi J, Geng Z, Yang S, Fu C, Guo L. Rapid discovery of chemical constituents and absorbed components in rat serum after oral administration of Fuzi-Lizhong pill based on high-throughput HPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Chin Med 2019; 14:6. [PMID: 30867675 PMCID: PMC6397459 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fuzi-Lizhong pill (FZLZP), which was first recorded in the Classic-"Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang" of the Song Dynasty, has been widely used to treat gastrointestinal disease in clinic for thousands of years in China. However, an in-depth understanding of the chemical constituents of FZLZP and its potential bioactive constituents is lacking. METHODS A simple, sensitive and selective method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and automated data analysis (Agilent MassHunter Qualitative Analysis B.06.00 Workstation Software) was developed to simultaneously identify the chemical constituents of FZLZP and the absorbed prototypes as well as the metabolites in rat serum after the oral administration of FZLZP. RESULTS Sixty-seven compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, gingerols, phenylpropanoids and volatile oil, in the FZLZP extract were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data and retrieving the reference literatures. Additionally, 23 prototype compounds and 3 metabolites in the rat serum samples were identified after oral administration of FZLZP, which might be the potential active components in vivo. In addition, the absorption of alkaloids decreased when Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. was in the form of combined application as a prescription compared to when it was in the form of herb powder. CONCLUSIONS Herein, the chemical constituent in vitro and the absorbed compounds in the serum of a traditional Chinese formula, Fuzi-Lizhong pill, were fully characterized using a rapid and comprehensive analysis approach based on high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to MassHunter Qualitative Analysis software data processing approach. The results provide helpful chemical information on FZLZP for further pharmacology and active mechanism research. In view of the bioactive constitutes that basically were derived from these absorbed compounds in vivo, this work could provide a useful strategy to explore the bioactive substances of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Maoyuan Jiang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Jinfeng Shi
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Zhao Geng
- Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Shasha Yang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Li Guo
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
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Kim W, Lee W, Choi JG, Ju IG, Kim YK, Lee TH, Oh MS. Inhibitory effects of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata on chronic intermittent cold-induced inflammation in the mouse hypothalamus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:27-33. [PMID: 29288825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (AR) is the most frequently used herb to generate heat and treat symptoms associated with coldness in Asia. AIMS OF THE STUDY The hypothalamus is one of the master regulators to maintain constant core body temperature. Chronic exposure to cold stress disturbs homeostatic regulation, gradually resulting in hypothalamic inflammation. This study investigate the effects of AR, on the chronic intermittent cold (CIC)-induced release of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules in the mouse hypothalamus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata extract (ARE) were solubilized in distilled water and diluted with saline before administration. Male ICR mice (7 weeks old, 30-32g) were divided randomly into 6 groups: (1) control, (2) cold stress, (3) ARE 30, (4) ARE 100, (5) ARE 300, and (6) ARE 1000mg/kg groups. Groups (2)-(6) were exposed to CIC stress once a day for 14 days. CIC stress was achieved by exposing the mice to 4°C and 60 ± 10% humidity for 120min once a day. Rectal temperature was measured after terminating cold stress. Cortisol levels were measured from serum. Hypothalamus tissue was used for western blot analysis, and IL-9, IL-13, PGE1, and PGE2 levels were assessed. RESULTS ARE treatment prevented the CIC-induced decrease in rectal temperature and increase in serum cortisol level. ARE-treated CIC-exposed mice demonstrated decrease in nuclear c-Fos levels dose-dependently compared to CIC-exposed mice. Nuclear NF-kB expression showed significant increase in CIC-exposed mice. ARE treatment significantly blunted the increase in nuclear NF-kB expression. CIC-exposed mice had significantly increased levels of both IL-9 and IL-13. Treatment with ARE suppressed the elevated IL-9 and IL-13 levels. Between control and CIC-exposed mice PGE1 levels showed no difference. However ARE (1000mg/kg)-treated CIC-exposed mice had a significant increase in PGE1 level compared to CIC-exposed mice. PGE2 levels were significantly higher in CIC-exposed mice compared to control mice. ARE treatment significantly attenuated the increase in PGE2 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest CIC stress disturbs the anti-inflammatory effect of cortisol and maintenance of the body temperature. Thus AR contributes to suppress the activated proinflammatory factors, IL-9, IL-13, and PGE-2, and to increase the heat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonnam Kim
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Wonil Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Gyu Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Gyoung Ju
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- Department of Formulae Pharmacology, School of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdae-ro, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung Sook Oh
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee East-West Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Mizuno K, Shibata K, Komatsu R, Omiya Y, Kase Y, Koizumi S. An effective therapeutic approach for oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy using a combination therapy with goshajinkigan and bushi. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 17:1206-1212. [PMID: 27416484 PMCID: PMC5137495 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1210742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) occurs at extraordinarily high frequency, but no effective treatment for this disorder has been established. Goshajinkigan (GJG), a traditional Japanese medicine known as Kampo, is known to reduce OIPN in both basic and clinical studies. However, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of GJG against OIPN and the therapeutic benefits of combining GJG with bushi, a herbal medicine derived from the processed Aconiti tuber. Oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg) was injected into mice twice a week for up to 4 and 3 weeks, respectively. OIPN was assessed using pain behavioral tests, such as those testing cold hypersensitivity, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia, as well as a reduction of the current perception threshold (CPT). GJG (0.3 or 1 g/kg) and bushi (0.1 or 0.3 g/kg) were orally administered 5 times a week for 4 weeks. Behavioral analysis was performed 24 h after the final dose. Oxaliplatin induced cold hypersensitivity and mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia and reduced CPT of Aδ- and Aβ-fibers but not C-fibers. All these effects were counteracted by GJG. Bushi, an ingredient of GJG that shows analgesic effect, reduced oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity but had no effect on oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia. However, bushi significantly accentuated the effects of GJG when co-administered with GJG. GJG reduces OIPN by counteracting the sensitization of Aδ- and Aβ-fibers and shows analgesic effects against cold hypersensitivity and mechanical allodynia. These effects are potentiated by bushi. The combination of GJG with bushi has high potential for preventing OIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Mizuno
- a Tsumura Research Laboratories , Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., Yoshiwara, Ami-machi , Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- b Department of Neuropharmacology , Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi , Japan
| | - Ryohei Komatsu
- b Department of Neuropharmacology , Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi , Japan
| | - Yuji Omiya
- a Tsumura Research Laboratories , Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., Yoshiwara, Ami-machi , Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Yoshio Kase
- a Tsumura Research Laboratories , Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., Yoshiwara, Ami-machi , Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- b Department of Neuropharmacology , Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi , Japan
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Prediction of cold and heat patterns using anthropometric measures based on machine learning. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 24:16-23. [PMID: 28035540 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2641-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of body shape with cold and heat patterns, to determine which anthropometric measure is the best indicator for discriminating between the two patterns, and to investigate whether using a combination of measures can improve the predictive power to diagnose these patterns. METHODS Based on a total of 4,859 subjects (3,000 women and 1,859 men), statistical analyses using binary logistic regression were performed to assess the significance of the difference and the predictive power of each anthropometric measure, and binary logistic regression and Naive Bayes with the variable selection technique were used to assess the improvement in the predictive power of the patterns using the combined measures. RESULTS In women, the strongest indicators for determining the cold and heat patterns among anthropometric measures were body mass index (BMI) and rib circumference; in men, the best indicator was BMI. In experiments using a combination of measures, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in women were 0.776 by Naive Bayes and 0.772 by logistic regression, and the values in men were 0.788 by Naive Bayes and 0.779 by logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a higher BMI have a tendency toward a heat pattern in both women and men. The use of a combination of anthropometric measures can slightly improve the diagnostic accuracy. Our findings can provide fundamental information for the diagnosis of cold and heat patterns based on body shape for personalized medicine.
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Maurya SK, Seth A, Laloo D, Singh NK, Gautam DNS, Singh AK. Śodhana: An Ayurvedic process for detoxification and modification of therapeutic activities of poisonous medicinal plants. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:188-97. [PMID: 26283803 PMCID: PMC4535066 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.160862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ayurveda involves the use of drugs obtained from plants, animals, and mineral origin. All the three sources of drugs can be divided under poisonous and nonpoisonous category. There are various crude drugs, which generally possess unwanted impurities and toxic substances, which can lead to harmful health problems. Many authors have reported that not all medicinal plants are safe to use since they can bear many toxic and harmful phytoconstituents in them. Śodhana (detoxification/purification) is the process, which involves the conversion of any poisonous drug into beneficial, nonpoisonous/nontoxic ones. Vatsanābha (Aconitum species), Semecarpus anacardium, Strychnos nux-vomica, Acorus calamus, Abrus precatorius etc., are some of the interesting examples of toxic plants, which are still used in the Indian system of medicine. Aconite, bhilawanols, strychnine, β-asarone, abrin are some of the toxic components present in these plants and are relatively toxic in nature. Śodhana process involves the purification as well as reduction in the levels of toxic principles which sometimes results in an enhanced therapeutic efficacy. The present review is designed to extensively discuss and understand the scientific basis of the alternative use of toxic plants as a medicine after their purification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Ayurveda Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Department of Ayurveda Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Damiki Laloo
- Department of Ayurveda Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Ayurveda Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dev Nath Singh Gautam
- Department of Ayurveda Pharmacy, Ayurvedic Pharmacy Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hu Y, Young AJ, Ehli EA, Nowotny D, Davies PS, Droke EA, Soundy TJ, Davies GE. Metformin and berberine prevent olanzapine-induced weight gain in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93310. [PMID: 24667776 PMCID: PMC3965561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is a first line medication for the treatment of schizophrenia, but it is also one of the atypical antipsychotics carrying the highest risk of weight gain. Metformin was reported to produce significant attenuation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients, while the study of preventing olanzapine-induced weight gain in an animal model is absent. Berberine, an herbal alkaloid, was shown in our previous studies to prevent fat accumulation in vitro and in vivo. Utilizing a well-replicated rat model of olanzapine-induced weight gain, here we demonstrated that two weeks of metformin or berberine treatment significantly prevented the olanzapine-induced weight gain and white fat accumulation. Neither metformin nor berberine treatment demonstrated a significant inhibition of olanzapine-increased food intake. But interestingly, a significant loss of brown adipose tissue caused by olanzapine treatment was prevented by the addition of metformin or berberine. Our gene expression analysis also demonstrated that the weight gain prevention efficacy of metformin or berberine treatment was associated with changes in the expression of multiple key genes controlling energy expenditure. This study not only demonstrates a significant preventive efficacy of metformin and berberine treatment on olanzapine-induced weight gain in rats, but also suggests a potential mechanism of action for preventing olanzapine-reduced energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshan Hu
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Alan J Young
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Dustin Nowotny
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Paige S Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A Droke
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Education & Human Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Timothy J Soundy
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Gareth E Davies
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Avera McKennan Hospital & University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America; Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
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The Association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and Clinical Outcome of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on People Living with HIV. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:201857. [PMID: 24489581 PMCID: PMC3892935 DOI: 10.1155/2013/201857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the association between Yang-Deficient Constitution and the clinical outcomes of HIV/AIDS patients who have initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Method. A total of 197 antiretroviral-naive adults who initiated HAART between 2009 and 2011 were recruited. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire twice to assess their Yang-Deficient Constitution status before HAART. During the study, signs and symptoms and CD4 or CD8 T cell counts were recorded. Routine blood and biochemical tests were conducted. For the patients who were found to have infections, pathologic examination was performed. Statistical test of association of clinical attributes and demographic factors with Yang-Deficient Constitution was conducted. Result. Good test-retest reliability was observed for Yang-Deficient Constitution scoring. The median Yang-Deficient Constitution score of 142 eligible participants was 25. Female (score = 32.14, P < 0.05), hepatotoxicity (32.14, P < 0.1), nephrotoxicity (37.50, P < 0.1), total number of adverse events (P < 0.1), and mortality (39.29, P < 0.05) were associated with Yang-Deficient Consitution, while annual changes or nadir values of CD4 or CD8 T lymphocytes, and newly acquired infections after starting HAART were not. Mortality was also associated with total number of adverse events (P < 0.05), hepatotoxicity (P < 0.05), and nephrotoxicity (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Yang-Deficient Constitution score has a potential to be developed as a predictor for early HIV-related mortality and side effects. The interrelation and underlying mechanisms should be further investigated for evidence-based design of a more appropriate treatment strategy.
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Nakanishi M, Arimitsu J, Kageyama M, Otsuka S, Inoue T, Nishida S, Yoshikawa H, Kishida Y. Efficacy of traditional Japanese herbal medicines-Keishikajutsubuto (TJ-18) and Bushi-matsu (TJ-3022)-against postherpetic neuralgia aggravated by self-reported cold stimulation: a case series. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 18:686-92. [PMID: 22830970 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2010.0745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in patients over 60 years of age is aggravated under cold stimulation and is often difficult to treat. Keishikajutsubuto (TJ-18) and Bushi-matsu (TJ-3022) are traditional Japanese herbal medicines and have long been used to treat neuralgia and arthralgia, which are aggravated following cold stimulation. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined TJ-18 and TJ-3022 therapy in cases of PHN aggravated by self-reported cold stimulation. DESIGN Fifteen (15) PHN patients aged 60 years and over were examined. Patients were aware of the persistent pain despite other treatments; pain was generally aggravated following exposure to cold stimulation. First, TJ-18 (7.5 g/day) was administered to patients, and then TJ-3022 (1.0 g/day) was also administered and progressively increased by 0.5-1.0 g increments every 2-4 weeks, until stable improvement was achieved, which was rated using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Analgesic effects were evaluated using the VAS during each patient visit. OUTCOME MEASURES Background variables, responses to treatment (time course of VAS rating, VAS improvement rate), the amount of additional TJ-3022 administered, and adverse reactions were analyzed. RESULTS Twelve (12) of the 15 patients completed the entire trial. Patient ages were 61-85 years, the male-to-female ratio was 4:8, and length of time after onset of herpes zoster was 2-92 months. In 3 patients, oral TJ-18 treatment was not possible due to hot flash or gastric discomfort. The VAS improvement rate for patients being orally administered both TJ-18 and TJ-3022 was 76.5±27.7% (mean±standard deviation). The additional TJ-3022 dose was 1.0-5.0 g/day. Twelve (12) patients have been treated without serious adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS TJ-18 and TJ-3022 combination treatment is a promising means of treating intractable PHN, which has a self-reported tendency to aggravate pain under cold stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nakanishi
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Along with the increasing population of elderly people in developed countries, anesthesiologists have increasing opportunities to anesthetize cancer patients in their routine work. However, no guideline of anesthesia procedures for cancer patients is available even though guidelines of operative procedures have been formulated for different types of cancer. This review provides recent findings related to the optimal choice of anesthetics and adequate anesthesia management for cancer patients. RECENT FINDINGS The intrinsic weapon fighting cancer cells is competent immune cells, particularly CD4+ T helper 1-type cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, and natural killer cells. However, surgical inflammation, some anesthetics, and inadvertent anesthesia management suppress these effector cells and induce suppressive immune cells, which render cancer patients susceptible to tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery. SUMMARY Accumulated basic and clinical data suggest that total intravenous anesthesia with propofol, cyclooxygenase antagonists, and regional anesthesia can decrease negative consequences associated with perioperative immunosuppression. Volatile anesthesia, systemic morphine administration, unnecessary blood transfusions, intraoperative hypoxia, hypotension, hypothermia, and hyperglycemia should be avoided.
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LaVoy EC, McFarlin BK, Simpson RJ. Immune Responses to Exercising in a Cold Environment. Wilderness Environ Med 2011; 22:343-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de la Peña SS, Sothern RB, López FS, Lujambio IM, Waizel-Bucay J, Sánchez CO, Monroy CP, Betancourt ET. Circadian aspects of hyperthermia in mice induced by Aconitum napellus. Pharmacogn Mag 2011; 7:234-42. [PMID: 21969795 PMCID: PMC3173899 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.84238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aconitum napellus (Acn) is used topically to relieve pain, itching and inflammation, and internally to reduce febrile states, among others. Any circadian time-related consequences of Acn administration are unknown. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of two doses of Acn on body temperature (BT) of mice treated at six different times over 24 hours. Materials and Methods: BALB/c female mice were housed in six chambers (six mice each) with air temperature 24 ± 3°C, humidity 60 ± 4%, and a 12-hours light (L)/12-hours dark cycle, but with L-onset staggered by 4 hours between chambers so that study at one external test time resulted in six test times (02, 06, 10, 14, 18 and 22 hours [h] after light onset). Rectal temperature (RT; in °C) was measured at baseline (B) and 1 hour after oral treatment with placebo (P) or two doses of Acn (6C and 30C, two studies each) in six studies over an 8 day span. The difference in RT for each mouse from the respective B + P timepoint mean RT was computed following each Acn treatment, and data from each of the six studies (original RT and difference from B + P) were analyzed for time-effect by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for circadian rhythm by 24-hour cosine fitting. Results: A circadian rhythm in RT was found at B and after P (mean: 35.58°C vs. 35.69°C; peak: 15:31 h vs. 15:40 h) and after each Acn dose (30C or 6C). Acn induced hyperthermia and the overall change in BT was rhythmically significant for each dose (mean = +1.95°C vs. +1.70°C), with greatest hyperthermia observed during the L-span for each dose (peak = 08:56 h vs. 05:17 h). Conclusion: Acn administered around the clock induced hyperthermia overall and in a time-dependent manner, with greatest effects during the resting (L) span. Thus, time of day may significantly impact the outcome of Acn and other homeopathic treatments and should be considered in determining optimal dosing and treatment time(s) in order to increase the desired outcome and decrease undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sánchez de la Peña
- Chronomics Research Center at Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación (SEPI)-Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía (ENMyH), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)
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Wu SN, Chen BS, Lo YC. Evidence for aconitine-induced inhibition of delayed rectifier K(+) current in Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Toxicology 2011; 289:11-8. [PMID: 21782880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aconitine (ACO) is a highly toxic diterpenoid alkaloid and known to exert the immunomodulatory action. However, whether it has any effects on ion currents in immune cells remains unknown. The effects of ACO and other related compounds on ion currents in Jurkat T-lymphocytes were investigated in this study. ACO suppressed the amplitude of delayed-rectifier K(+) current (I(K(DR))) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Margatoxin (100 nM), a specific blocker of K(V)1.3-encoded current, decreased the I(K(DR)) amplitude in these cells and the ACO-induced inhibition of I(K(DR)) was not reversed by 1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone (30 μM) or nicotine (10 μM). The IC(50) value for ACO-mediated inhibition of I(K(DR)) was 5.6 μM. ACO accelerated the inactivation of I(K(DR)) with no change in the activation rate of this current. Increasing the ACO concentration not only reduced the I(K(DR)) amplitude, but also accelerated the inactivation time course of the current. With the aid of minimal binding scheme, the inhibitory action of ACO on I(K(DR)) was estimated with a dissociation constant of 6.8 μM. ACO also shifted the inactivation curve of I(K(DR)) to a hyperpolarized potential with no change in the slope factor. Cumulative inactivation for I(K(DR)) was enhanced in the presence of ACO. In Jurkat cells incubated with amiloride (30 μM), the ACO-induced inhibition of I(K(DR)) remained unaltered. In RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, ACO did not modify the kinetics of I(K(DR)), although it suppressed I(K(DR)) amplitude. Taken together, these effects can significantly contribute to its action on functional activity of immune cells if similar results are found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Buehrer BM, Duffin DJ, Lea-Currie YR, Ribnicky D, Raskin I, Stephens JM, Cefalu WT, Gimble JM. Tools for the identification of bioactives impacting the metabolic syndrome: screening of a botanical extract library using subcutaneous and visceral human adipose-derived stem cell-based assays. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:519-25. [PMID: 21543201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts continue to represent an untapped source of renewable therapeutic compounds for the treatment and prevention of illnesses including chronic metabolic disorders. With the increase in worldwide obesity and its related morbidities, the need for identifying safe and effective treatments is also rising. As such, use of primary human adipose-derived stem cells represents a physiologically relevant cell system to screen for bioactive agents in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related complications. By using these cells in a primary screen, the risk and cost of identifying artifacts due to interspecies variation and immortalized cell lines is eliminated. We demonstrate that these cells can be formatted into 384-well high throughput screens to rapidly identify botanical extracts that affect lipogenesis and lipolysis. Additionally, counterscreening with human primary stem cells from distinct adipose depots can be routinely performed to identify tissue specific responses. In our study, over 500 botanical extracts were screened and 16 (2.7%) were found to affect lipogenesis and 4 (0.7%) affected lipolysis.
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MAKINO T. Introduction of "Clinical Pharmacognosy"-Integration between Pharmacognosy and Clinical Pharmacy-. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2011; 131:375-82. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki MAKINO
- Department of Pharmaognosy, Graduate School of Nagoya City University
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