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Cardeira M, Bernardo A, Leonardo IC, Gaspar FB, Marques M, Melgosa R, Paiva A, Simões P, Fernández N, Serra AT. Cosmeceutical Potential of Extracts Derived from Fishery Industry Residues: Sardine Wastes and Codfish Frames. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101925. [PMID: 36290648 PMCID: PMC9598070 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fishery industry generates large amounts of waste (20–75% (w/w) of the total caught fish weight). The recovery of bioactive compounds from residues and their incorporation in cosmetics represents a promising market opportunity and may contribute to a sustainable valorisation of the sector. In this work, protein-rich extracts obtained by high-pressure technologies (supercritical CO2 and subcritical water) from sardine (Sardina pilchardus) waste and codfish (Gadus morhua) frames were characterized regarding their cosmeceutical potential. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities were evaluated through chemical (ORAC assay), enzymatic (inhibition of elastase and tyrosinase), antimicrobial susceptibility (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes) and cell-based (in keratinocytes-HaCaT) assays. Sardine extracts presented the highest antibacterial activity, and the extract obtained using higher extraction temperatures (250 °C) and without the defatting step demonstrated the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (1.17; 4.6; 0.59 mg/mL for K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and C. acnes, respectively). Codfish samples extracted at lower temperatures (90 °C) were the most effective anti-inflammatory agents (a concentration of 0.75 mg/mL reduced IL-8 and IL-6 levels by 58% and 47%, respectively, relative to the positive control). Threonine, valine, leucine, arginine and total protein content in the extracts were highlighted to present a high correlation with the reported bioactivities (R2 ≥ 0.7). These results support the potential application of extracts obtained from fishery industry wastes in cosmeceutical products with bioactive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martim Cardeira
- IBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Bernardo
- IBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês C. Leonardo
- IBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Frédéric B. Gaspar
- IBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta Marques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Melgosa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Paiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Simões
- LAQV-REQUIMTE—Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Naiara Fernández
- IBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- IBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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The Multiple Pharmacologic Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Guizhi Fuling Formulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6813421. [PMID: 35529925 PMCID: PMC9076289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6813421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Guizhi Fuling Formulation (GZFL), a traditional Chinese medical formulation, consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba (or Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Poria, with multiple therapeutic functions such as sedation, antitumor activity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. However, its clinical applications remain relatively fragmented, and the underlying mechanisms of GZFL in different diseases are still not very certain. Further research and summary in both application and mechanisms remain to be needed for human health and the best use of GZFL. Therefore, we summarized the multiple pharmacologic effects and possible mechanisms of action of GZFL according to recent 17 years of research. Methods We retrieved four English and two Chinese databases using these keywords (the formulation name or its synonyms) and searched articles written in English from January 2006 up to February 2022. Key Findings. GZFL exhibits multiple pharmacologic advantages in gynecologic diseases and other expanding diseases such as cancer, blood, and vascular disease, renal failure, inflammation, and brain injury. Possibly due to its diverse bioactive components and pharmacologic activities, GZFL could target the multiple signaling pathways involved in regulating blood circulation, inflammatory and immune factors, proliferation, apoptosis, and so on. Conclusion This review suggests that GZFL displays promising therapeutic effects for many kinds of diseases, which have been beyond the scope of the original prescription for gynecologic diseases. In this way, we wish to provide a reference and recommendation for further preclinic and clinic studies.
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Wang Y, Gu W, Kui F, Gao F, Niu Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Du G. The mechanism and active compounds of semen armeniacae amarum treating coronavirus disease 2019 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5623. [PMID: 34908920 PMCID: PMC8634376 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is progressing rapidly, and poses significant threats to public health. A number of clinical practice results showed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a significant role for COVID-19 treatment. Objective To explore the active components and molecular mechanism of semen armeniacae amarum treating COVID-19 by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods The active components and potential targets of semen armeniacae amarum were retrieved from traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Coronavirus disease 2019-associated targets were collected in the GeneCards, TTD, OMIM and PubChem database. Compound target, compound-target pathway and medicine-ingredient-target disease networks were constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.0. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were drawn using the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. David database was used for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. The main active components were verified by AutoDock Vina 1.1.2 software. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation model in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice was constructed and treated with amygdalin to confirm effects of amygdalin on lung inflammation and its underlying mechanisms by western blot analyses and immunofluorescence. Results The network analysis revealed that nine key, active components regulated eight targets (Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase SRC (SRC), interleukin 6 (IL6), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HRAS proto-oncogene (HRAS), caspase-3 (CASP3)). Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that semen armeniacae amarum plays a role in COVID-19 by modulating 94 biological processes, 13 molecular functions, 15 cellular components and 80 potential pathways. Molecular docking indicated that amygdalin had better binding activity to key targets such as IL6, SRC, MAPK3, SARS coronavirus-2 3C-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro) and SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Experimental validation revealed that the lung pathological injury and inflammatory injury were significantly increased in the model group and were improved in the amygdalin group. Conclusion Amygdalin is a candidate compound for COVID-19 treatment by regulating IL6, SRC, MAPK1 EGFR and VEGFA to involve in PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, VEGF signalling pathway and MAPK signalling pathway. Meanwhile, amygdalin has a strong affinity for SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 and therefore prevents the virus transcription and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenwen Gu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Fuguang Kui
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuji Niu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Gangjun Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.,School of Pharmacy and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Xinzheng, Henan Province, China
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. in TNF α/IFN γ-Stimulated Keratinocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2439231. [PMID: 34795780 PMCID: PMC8594990 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2439231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teijsm. & Binn. (LO) has traditionally been used as an herbal medicine for anti-inflammatory diseases. The effect of LO on atopic dermatitis has not been verified scientifically. We investigated the effects of CHCl3 fraction number 5 of LO (LOC) on atopic dermatitis through cell-based experiments. HaCaT cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)/interferon-gamma (IFNγ) to induce an inflammatory reaction. Proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and IL-1β and chemokines such as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1/CCL2), and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. In addition, the degree of phosphorylation and activation of JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were measured by western blot and luciferase assays. The production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and activation of the JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways were induced by TNFα/IFNγ in HaCaT cells. Under these conditions, LOC treatment inhibited the production of targeted cytokines and chemokines and decreased the phosphorylation and activation of JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB. These results suggest that LOC reduces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by suppressing the JAK/STAT1, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, LOC may have potential as a drug for atopic dermatitis.
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Ko W, Kim N, Lee H, Woo ER, Kim YC, Oh H, Lee DS. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Cudrania tricuspidata in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147472. [PMID: 34299094 PMCID: PMC8303187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata has been reported to have anti-sclerotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, the effect of 16 compounds from C. tricuspidata on tumor necrosis factor-α+interferon-γ-treated HaCaT cells were investigated. Among these 16 compounds, 11 decreased IL-6 production and 15 decreased IL-8 production. The six most effective compounds, namely, steppogenin (2), cudraflavone C (6), macluraxanthone B (12), 1,6,7-trihydroxy-2-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)-3- methoxyxanthone (13), cudraflavanone B (4), and cudratricusxanthone L (14), were selected for further experiments. These six compounds decreased the expression levels of chemokines, such as regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and downregulated the protein expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Compounds 2, 6, 12, 4, and 14 inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B p65 translocation to the nucleus; however, compound 13 showed no significant effects. In addition, extracellular signal regulatory kinase-1/2 phosphorylation was only inhibited by compound 14, whereas p38 phosphorylation was inhibited by compounds 13 and 4. Taken together, the compounds from C. tricuspidata showed potential to be further developed as therapeutic agents to suppress inflammation in skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmin Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Nayeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; (Y.-C.K.); (H.O.)
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (W.K.); (N.K.); (H.L.); (E.-R.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6386; Fax: +82-62-222-5414
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Xing YW, Liu KZ. Azithromycin inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis of high glucose-induced podocytes by inhibiting STAT1 pathway. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:990-998. [PMID: 33655586 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) has a therapeutic effect on diabetes, but there is no report on whether AZM has a therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its specific mechanism. Cell survival was detected by CCK-8. The expression of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was determined by ELISA. The expression of inflammatory proteins MCP-1, NLPR3, and ASC was detected by western blot. The expression of MDA, LDH, and SOD was detected by the appropriate kit. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, 6, 9, and Cleaved caspase-3, 6, 9 were detected by western blot. In addition, the expression of STAT1 was detected by western blot. AZM can increase the activity of high glucose-induced podocytes (p < .05). After high glucose induction, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was increased and the expression of MCP-1, NLPR3, and ASC proteins was also increased (p < .001). When AZM was added, the expression of all the above-mentioned proteins was decreased (p < .001). In addition, MDA, LDH, and SOD were increased after high glucose induction, while decreased after AZM treatment (p < .001). AZM can inhibit apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Cleaved caspase-3, 6, 9, and promote the expression of Bcl-2 (p < .001). Furthermore, the expression of STAT1 was increased after high glucose induction, while the expression of STAT1 was decreased after AZM action (p < .01). By adding a STAT1 agonist IFN-γ, the effects of AZM on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of high glucose-induced podocytes were inhibited (p < .05). AZM inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of high glucose-induced podocytes by inhibiting STAT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kuan Zhi Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Kumar P, Sharma DK, Ashawat MS. Traditional Herbal Medicines, Newer Herbs and Other Novel Approaches Integrated in Herbal Medicine for Atopic Dermatitis-A Narrative Review. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666191018165209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a prolonged reverting skin ailment with characteristically distributed
skin lesions. In the previous decades, researchers had shown a marked interest in AD due to
its increased prevalence in developed countries. Although different strategies including biological
and immune modulators are available for the treatment of AD, each has certain limitations. The
researchers had shown considerable interest in the management of AD with herbal medicines. The
establishment of herbal drugs for AD might eliminate local as well as systemic adverse effects associated
with long term use of corticosteroids and also higher cost of therapy with biological drugs.
The present review discusses the traditional East Asian herbal medicines and scientific data related
to newer herbal extracts or compositions for the treatment of AD. In vivo animal models and in
vitro cell cultures, investigated with herbal medicines to establish a possible role in AD treatment,
have also been discussed in the paper. The paper also highlights the role of certain new approaches,
i.e. pharmacopuncture, a combination of allopathic and herbal medicines; and novel carriers
(liposomes, cubosomes) for herbal drugs on atopic skin. In conclusion, herbal medicines can be a
better and safe, complementary and alternative treatment option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, VPO-Kathog, Kangra, H.P, 176031, India
| | | | - Mahendra Singh Ashawat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, VPO-Kathog, Kangra, H.P, 176031, India
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Jeong S, Kim B, Park M, Ban E, Lee SH, Kim A. Improved Diabetic Wound Healing by EGF Encapsulation in Gelatin-Alginate Coacervates. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040334. [PMID: 32276508 PMCID: PMC7238057 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical imageplication of epidermal growth fctor (EGF) has been used to accelerate diabetic foot ulcers but with limited efficacy. In this study, we selected a complex coacervate (EGF-Coa) composed of the low molecular weight gelatin type A and sodium alginate as a novel delivery system for EGF, based on encapsulation efficiency and protection of EGF from protease. EGF-Coa enhanced in vitro migration of keratinocytes and accelerated wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with increased granulation and re-epithelialization. While diabetic wound sites without treatment showed downward growth of hyperproliferative epidermis along the wound edges with poor matrix formation, EGF-Coa treatment recovered horizontal migration of epidermis over the newly deposited dermal matrix. EGF-Coa treatment also resulted in reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and THF-α. Freeze-dried coacervates packaged in aluminum pouches were stable for up to 4 months at 4 and 25 °C in terms of appearance, purity by RP-HPLC, and in vitro release profiles. There were significant physical and chemical changes in relative humidity above 33% or at 37 °C, suggesting the requirement for moisture-proof packaging and cold chain storage for long term stability. We propose low molecular weight gelatin type A and sodium alginate (LWGA-SA) coacervates as a novel EGF delivery system with enhanced efficacy for chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghee Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.J.); (B.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - ByungWook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.J.); (B.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Minwoo Park
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.J.); (B.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Eunmi Ban
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.J.); (B.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Soo-Hyeon Lee
- Immunotherapy Development Team, R&D Division, CHA Biolab, Seongnam 463-400, Korea;
| | - Aeri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Seongnam-si 463-400, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (S.J.); (B.K.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-3-1881-7166
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Peng Y, Zheng X, Fan Z, Zhou H, Zhu X, Wang G, Liu Z. Paeonol alleviates primary dysmenorrhea in mice via activating CB2R in the uterus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153151. [PMID: 32058234 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynaecologic problem in menstruating women and is characterized by spasmodic uterine contraction and pain symptoms associated with inflammatory disturbances. Paeonol is an active phytochemical component that has shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in several animal models. The aim of this study was to explore whether paeonol is effective against dysmenorrhea and to investigate the potential mechanism of cannabinoid receptor signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Dysmenorrhea was established by injecting oestradiol benzoate into female mice. The effects of paeonol on writhing time and latency, uterine pathology and inflammatory mediators were explored. Isolated uterine smooth muscle was used to evaluate the direct effect of paeonol on uterine contraction. KEY RESULTS The oral administration of paeonol reduced dysmenorrhea pain and PGE2 and TNF-α expression in the uterine tissues of mice, and paeonol was found to be distributed in lesions of the uterus. Paeonol almost completely inhibited oxytocin-, high potassium- and Ca2+-induced contractions in isolated uteri. Antagonists of CB2R (AM630) and the MAPK pathway (U0126), but not of CB1R (AM251), reversed the inhibitory effect of paeonol on uterine contraction. Paeonol significantly blocked L-type Ca2+ channels and calcium influx in uterine smooth muscle cells via CB2R. Molecular docking results showed that paeonol fits well with the binding site of CB2R. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Paeonol partially acts through CB2R to restrain calcium influx and uterine contraction to alleviate dysmenorrhea in mice. These results suggest that paeonol has therapeutic potential for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhiyi Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Han L, Cao X, Chen Z, Guo X, Yang L, Zhou Y, Bian H. Overcoming cisplatin resistance by targeting the MTDH-PTEN interaction in ovarian cancer with sera derived from rats exposed to Guizhi Fuling wan extract. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:57. [PMID: 32066429 PMCID: PMC7076886 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) was recently reported to improve the curative effects of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer with few clinical side effects. The present study aimed to investigate the reversal mechanism of sera derived from rats exposed to Guizhi Fuling Wan extract (GFWE) in cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer SKOV3/DDP cells; the proteins examined included phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and metadherin (MTDH), and the possible protein interaction between PTEN and MTDH was explored. Methods GFWE was administered to healthy Wistar rats, and the sera were collected after five days. The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for literature on the bioactive blood components in the sera. The systemsDock website was used to predict potential PTEN/MTDH interactions with the compounds. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses were used to analyze the mRNA and protein levels of MTDH and PTEN. Laser confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) were used to analyze the colocalization and interaction between MTDH and PTEN. Results Sixteen bioactive compounds were identified in GFWE sera after searching the PubMed and CNKI databases. The systemsDock website predicted the potential PTEN/MTDH interactions with the compounds. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence analyses showed decreased MTDH expression and increased PTEN expression in the sera. Laser confocal microscopy images and coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) analyses demonstrated that a colocalization and interaction occurred between MTDH and PTEN, and the addition of the sera changed the interaction status. Conclusions GFWE restored sensitivity to cisplatin by inhibiting MTDH expression, inducing PTEN expression, and improving the interaction between MTDH and PTEN in SKOV3/DDP cells, and these proteins and their interaction may serve as potential targets for cancer treatment. The sera may represent a new source of anticancer compounds that could help to manage chemoresistance more efficiently and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Xueyun Cao
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, China
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Machairiotis N, Vasilakaki S, Kouroutou P. Natural products: Potential lead compounds for the treatment of endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 245:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Igalan from Inula helenium (L.) suppresses the atopic dermatitis-like response in stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes via JAK/STAT3 signaling. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:309-319. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Yang Y, Zhao J, Song X, Li L, Li F, Shang J, Wang WW. Amygdalin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic liver injury in rats by down-regulating PI3K/AKT, JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signalling pathways. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2688-2697. [PMID: 31257932 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1634084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of AG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced liver injury and investigate the underlying mechanism. Administration of LPSs in the rat produced rat liver injury model which was ascertained at histological and molecular levels. Those models were treated with a range of doses of LPSs (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg body weight), followed by measurement physical parameter and function of the liver. Within the max treatment doses, no toxicity was shown but protective effects of AG were evidenced by regulation of physical parameters and functions of the liver. Interestingly, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels and inflammatory factors were down-regulated by AG. Furthermore, the histopathological analysis demonstrated that AG promoted recovery from dysfunction of liver tissue in the rats, which was further confirmed by observing expression changes of inflammation-associated proteins. Particularly, alteration in the PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway protein expression were regulated by AG in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the mechanism underlying the relief effect of AG in liver injury. Our study demonstrated the potential of AG in the management of complications related to liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- a Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- b Center of Telemedicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Song
- b Center of Telemedicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Lifeng Li
- b Center of Telemedicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Fuqin Li
- a Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China
| | - Jia Shang
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Zhengzhou , Henan , PR China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- d Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Of Nantong University & The Sixth People's Hospital of Yancheng City , Yancheng , PR China
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Lee SM, Choi ES, Ha E, Ji KY, Shin SJ, Jung J. Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan (Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan) Ameliorates Human Uterine Myomas via Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1105. [PMID: 31607930 PMCID: PMC6774280 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign neoplasms in women of reproductive age. However, non-surgical treatments for uterine myomas have not been fully evaluated. In Korea and China, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan (GBH) is widely used to treat gynecological diseases. Thus, we investigated the effects of GBH in human uterine myoma cells (hUtMCs). The hUtMCs were collected from patients undergoing curative surgery. Cell viability was analyzed via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. The expression levels of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9 were determined by Western blotting. Apoptosis and ROS levels were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. First, we determined the adequate concentration that did not affect normal cells, and then investigated the time-dependent anti-neoplastic effect of GBH to decide the appropriate treatment time under a non-toxic concentration. Cell viability and number were significantly reduced by GBH at 48 h in a dose-dependent manner (0–200 µg/ml). The ratio of Bax to Bcl2 and expression of p53, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9 increased, representing GBH induced apoptosis in uterine leiomyomas. In addition, preliminary tests using pan-caspase inhibitor/p53 inhibitor with GBH rescued the GBH-mediated apoptotic effect. Furthermore, GBH significantly increased the mitochondrial ROS concentration, and preliminary test showed that mitochondria ROS scavenger reduced the percentages of early apoptosis cell. These results suggest that GBH may induce apoptosis of leiomyomas and demonstrated that GBH can be a potential therapeutic and/or preventive agent for uterine leiomyomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Min Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Som Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kon Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Jin Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Cancer Research, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeeyoun Jung
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Jeon WY, Jin SE, Seo CS, Lee MY, Shin HK, Han SC, Ha H. Safety assessment of Gyejibokryeong-hwan water extract: Study of acute and subacute toxicity, and influence on drug metabolizing enzymes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111913. [PMID: 31091465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gyejibokryeong-hwan is a traditional herbal medicine and is reported to have various pharmacological actions. Despite many reports of previous studies, there is limited scientific evidence concerning its safety and few drug-metabolism profiles to support the continued therapeutic application of Gyejibokryeong-hwan. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity profile of a Gyejibokryeong-hwan water extract (GBHW) in vivo, and its effects on the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute and subacute toxicity was evaluated by giving GBHW to rats. In a study of acute toxicity, the rats were given GBHW by single oral gavage administration at 0 and 5000 mg/kg. In a study of subacute toxicity, rats were given GBHW by oral gavage at 0, 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg/day daily for 28 days. The activities of the major human microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozymes were investigated using fluorescence- and luminescence-based enzyme assays in vitro, respectively. RESULTS GBHW did not cause any mortality in the study of acute toxicity. In the study of subacute toxicity, GBHW at more than 2000 mg/kg/day was observed with minor changes in the absolute and relative organ weight, hematology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis parameters in rats of either sex. However, these changes were not considered to be important toxicologically. GBHW moderately inhibited the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and UGT1A1. CONCLUSIONS Our present data suggest that GBHW does not cause toxicologically important adverse events at doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day in the 4-week repeated dose toxicity study and provide valuable information concerning its potential to interact with conventional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Eun Jin
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baekhak 1-Gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Park NC, Han SJ, Lee JW, Choi HJ, Kim EJ, Jung MH, Jang JB, Hwang DS, Kim KS. Apoptotic effect of Gyejibokryunghwan on uterine sarcoma cells (SK-UT-1B). PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152806. [PMID: 31035046 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of uterine sarcomais is a challenging task for clinicians because its position is not easily accessible by current conventional techniques. In addition, standardized treatment for uterine sarcoma has not yet been established due to its rarity and heterogeneity. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We investigated the apoptotic cell death of uterine sarcoma cells (SK-UT-1B) induced by Gyejibokryunghwan (GBH). GBH, an herbal medicine, has been widely used for gynecological diseases in Koean medicine. METHODS SK-UT-1B cells were treated with GBH of varying concentrations from 0 to 500 µg/ml. The mechanism of cell death was investigated through multiple analysis methods, including flow cytometry, cell cycle, and western blotting. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the number of apoptotic cells increased in a GBH dose-dependent manner. The cell populations of sub-G1 and G0/G1 phases were increased by GBH treatment, indicating apoptosisand cell arrest, while the population of S and G2/M phases decreased. With GBH, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, -6, and -9 were upregulated, while the expression levels of pro-caspase-3, -6, and -9 were down-regulated in SK-UT-1B cells. CONCLUSION These results are the first observation of uterine sarcoma cell death induced by GBH and confirmation of the mechanism of cell death, which occurred through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Clinically, uterine sarcoma has a poor prognosis with no appropriate treatment. GBH may become a new treatment modality for uterine sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Chun Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Se Jik Han
- Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate school, Kyung HeeUniversity, Seoul 02447, Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jai Choi
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Min-Hyung Jung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jun-Bock Jang
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Korea; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Meng W, Ta N, Wang F. Add-on effect of Guizhi Fuling formula to mifepristone for endometriosis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16878. [PMID: 31415429 PMCID: PMC6831320 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guizhi Fuling pill, a famous traditional Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used for treatment of gynecological diseases. This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the add-on effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule (GZFL) to mifepristone in women with endometriosis. METHODS A comprehensively literature search was conducted using Pubed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CNKI, VIP databases from their inceptions to January 25, 2019. Randomized controlled trials that compared GZFL plus mifepristone to mifepristone alone for treatment of endometriosis were eligible. Main outcomes were pregnancy, reduction of the recurrence, and serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol or progesterone. RESULTS A total of 1052 women with endometriosis from 10 trials were identified and analyzed. Meta-analyses showed that GZFL plus mifepristone was superior to mifepristone in reducing the recurrence of endometriosis (RR 0.40; 95% CI 0.27-0.59) and improving the pregnancy (risk ratio [RR] 1.74; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.40-2.17). Moreover, adjuvant treatment with GZFL also significantly reduced serum level of estradiol (mean difference [MD] -20.83 pmol/L; 95% CI -34.01 to -7.65) and progesterone (MD -0.18 mmol/L; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.12). However, there were no significant differences in serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone (MD -0.42 U/L; 95% CI -1.16 to 0.31) and luteinizing hormone (MD -0.04 U/L; 95% CI -0.43 to 0.34). CONCLUSION GZFL as adjuvant therapy to mifepristone appears to have additional benefits in preventing recurrence of endometriosis and improving pregnancy among women with endometriosis. However, these conclusions should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological flaws of the included trials.
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Yang JY, Kim SW, Lee YJ, Cho KH, Moon SK, Jung WS, Kwon SW. A Case of Restless Legs Syndrome Patient with Numbness in Both Soles Using Gyejibokryeong-hwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.22246/jikm.2019.40.2.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chang CM, Shih PH, Chen TJ, Ho WC, Yang CP. Integrated therapy decreases the mortality of patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis: A Taiwan-wide population-based retrospective study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:70-81. [PMID: 30818007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The issue of whether integrated treatment with conventional medicine (CM) and herbal medicine (HM) can reduce mortality in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) had not been addressed. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we investigated the effect of integrated therapy on mortality in a retrospective PM/DM cohort in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with PM/DM were retrospectively enrolled from the PM/DM Registry of Catastrophic Illnesses cohort in the Taiwan NHIRD between 1997 and 2011. The patients were divided into an integrated medicine (IM) group that received CM and HM and a non-IM group that received CM alone. The Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier method were used to evaluate the hazard ratio (HR) for mortality. RESULTS Three hundred and eighty-five of 2595 patients with newly diagnosed PM/DM had received IM and 99 had received non-IM. The adjusted HR for mortality was lower in the IM group than in the non-IM group (0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.26-0.68, p < 0.001). The adjusted HR for mortality was also lower in the IM group that had received CM plus HM than in the group that received CM alone (0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.28-0.84, p < 0.05). The core pattern of HM prescriptions integrated with methylprednisolone, methotrexate, azathioprine, or cyclophosphamide to decrease mortality included "San-Qi" (Panax notoginseng), "Bai-Ji" (Bletilla striata), "Chen-Pi" (Citrus reticulata), "Hou-Po" (Magnolia officinalis), and "Dan-Shan" (Salvia miltiorrhiza). CONCLUSION Integrated therapy has reduced mortality in patients with PM/DM in Taiwan. Further investigation of the clinical effects and pharmaceutical mechanism involved is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsuan Shih
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chao Ho
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Huang-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Antineuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Gyejibokryeong-Hwan in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7585896. [PMID: 31057653 PMCID: PMC6463633 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7585896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microglia, the central nervous system's innate immune cells, mediate neuroinflammation and are implicated in a variety of neuropathologies. The present study investigated the antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH), a traditional Korean medicine, in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated murine BV2 microglia. BV2 cells were pretreated with GBH, fluoxetine (FXT), or amitriptyline (AMT) for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL). The expression levels of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and chemokines were determined by the Griess method, ELISA, or real-time PCR. Western blotting was used to measure various transcription factors and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt activity. GBH significantly reduced the levels of NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, macrophage inhibitory protein- (MIP-) 1α, macrophage chemoattractant protein- (MCP-) 1, and IFN-γ inducible protein- (IP-) 10, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed sequence (RANTES) in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of nuclear factor- (NF-) κB p65 was significantly decreased and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and PI3K/Akt by GBH, but not p38 MAPK, was decreased. Furthermore, production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated via the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, collectively indicating the neuroprotective effects of GBH. We concluded that GBH may suppress neuroinflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation and upregulating the neuroprotective factor, HO-1. These results suggest that GBH has potential as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents against microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Jin SE, Seo CS, Lee MY, Shin HK, Yang MJ, Ha H. Sub-chronic toxicity of Gyejibokryeong-hwan in Sprague-Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:441-450. [PMID: 29920360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional herbal formula Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GJBRH; Guizhifuling-wan, Keishibukuryo-gan) consisting five medicinal herbs has been used to treat uterine disorders, gynecological diseases and blood stasis syndrome in Asia. AIM OF THE STUDY We evaluated the safety of GJBRH in Crl:CD Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats over a period of 13 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS To confirm the stability of the components of GJBRH, we analyzed the component contents in GJBRH at different storage periods, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Male and female SD rats were orally administered with GJBRH at doses of 0, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks and assessed after a 4-week recovery period. Mortality, changes in body weight and food consumption, organ weights, hematology and serum biochemistry were monitored during the experimental period, along with clinical observations, ophthalmological examinations, urinalysis and histopathology. RESULTS There were no significant differences among the eight marker compounds in GJBRH according to storage period. No significant GJBRH-treatment-related toxicological changes were observed in mortality or ophthalmological examinations in either sex. However, soft feces were observed in the male 5000 mg/kg/day group. In addition, there were significant changes in body weight and food consumption in both male and female rats treated with GJBRH at a dose of 5000 mg/kg/day. In the hematological examinations, we found a significant increase in white blood cells, neutrophils and fibrinogen in the 5000 mg/kg/day groups. In the urinalysis, a decrease in the total protein and albumin and an increase in the ovalbumin/globulin ratio were observed in both male and female rats treated with GJBRH at a dose of 5000 mg/kg/day. Histopathological examinations revealed erosion/ulcers and dilated glands in the stomachs of males from the 5000 mg/kg/day group, and squamous cell hyperplasia and epithelial atrophy was observed in the stomachs of both male and female rats treated with GJBRH at a dose of 5000 mg/kg/day. CONCLUSION The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 2000 mg/kg/day for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Jin
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Yang
- Pathology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak 1-gil, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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Kim B, Jo C, Choi HY, Lee K. Vasorelaxant and Hypotensive Effects of Cheonwangbosimdan in SD and SHR Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:6128604. [PMID: 30108659 PMCID: PMC6077565 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6128604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Historically, traditional herbal medicines (THMs) have been the conventional treatment strategy in the Korean medical system for treating many diseases. However, THMs have rarely been used to treat hypertension, and moreover few studies have investigated the interaction of blood pressure with the coadministration of synthetic antihypertensives. We aimed to evaluate the vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of the traditional herbal prescription Cheonwangbosimdan (CWBSD; "Tianwangbuxindan" in Chinese) and the combination of CWBSD with amlodipine. CWBSD was extracted with distilled water at 100°C for 2 h. To investigate vasorelaxant activities, CWBSD with amlodipine (10 μg/ml) was added cumulatively (10-1,000 μg/ml) to isolated rat aortic rings precontracted using phenylephrine or potassium chloride in organ chambers. To investigate hypotensive effects, CWBSD (2,476 mg/kg) was orally administered with or without amlodipine (5 mg/kg) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). CWBSD increased the relaxation of rat aortic rings induced by amlodipine (P < 0.01). In vivo, CWBSD coadministration with amlodipine also significantly decreased the blood pressure of SHRs compared to the amlodipine-treated group. These results suggested that CWBSD could be a useful herbal prescription to treat hypertension and we recommend establishing guidelines for the use of herbal medicines in conjunction with antihypertensive drugs, including amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjung Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolmin Jo
- Department of Herbology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Choi
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjin Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Antidepressant-Like Effects of Gyejibokryeong-hwan in a Mouse Model of Reserpine-Induced Depression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5845491. [PMID: 30046601 PMCID: PMC6038693 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5845491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with the antihypertensive agent reserpine depletes monoamine levels, resulting in depression. In the present study, we evaluated the antidepressant effects of Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH), a traditional Korean medicine, in a mouse model of reserpine-induced depression. Mice were treated with reserpine (0.5 mg·kg−1, i.p.) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, i.p., normal) once daily for 10 days. GBH (50, 100, 300, and 500 mg·kg−1), PBS (normal, control), fluoxetine (FXT, 20 mg·kg−1), or amitriptyline (AMT, 30 mg·kg−1) was administered orally 1 h prior to reserpine treatment. Mouse behavior was examined in the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open-field test (OFT) following completion of the treatment protocol. Administration of GBH reduced immobility time in the FST and TST and significantly increased the total distance traveled in the OFT. Plasma serotonin levels were significantly lower in control mice than in normal mice, although these decreases were significantly attenuated to a similar extent by treatment with GBH, FXT, or AMT. Reserpine-induced increases in plasma corticosterone were also attenuated by GBH treatment. Moreover, GBH attenuated reserpine-induced increases in interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α mRNA expression in the hippocampus. In addition, GBH mice exhibited increased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a higher ratio of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) to CREB (p-CREB/CREB) in the hippocampus. Our results indicated that GBH can ameliorate depressive-like behaviors, affect the concentration of mood-related hormones, and help to regulate immune/endocrine dysfunction in mice with reserpine-induced depression, likely via activation of the BDNF-CREB pathway. Taken together, these findings indicate that GBH may be effective in treating patients with depression.
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Lee MY, Seo CS, Ha H, Park E, Kim JY, Shin HK. The genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of Gyejibokryeong-hwan. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:21. [PMID: 29357857 PMCID: PMC5776759 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Gyejibokryeong-hwan (Guizhi Fuling Wan in China), a mixture of five herbal plants, is a well-known treatment for renal diseases including those associated with climacteric syndrome. However, the genotoxicity of Gyejibokryeong-hwan has not yet been well established. Methods The present study investigated that the genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GJBRHE): an in vitro chromosomal aberration test using Chinese hamster lung cells, an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) with Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains, and an in vivo micronucleus test using ICR mouse bone marrow. Results GJBRHE with or without the S9 mix showed no genotoxicity in the Ames test up to 5000 μg/plate or in the in vivo MN test up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. In contrast, the chromosomal aberration test showed that GJBRHE induced an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations compared with the control after treatment for 6 h with 4200 μg/mL GJBRHE in the presence of the S9 mix and for 22 h with 800 μg/mL GJBRHE in the absence of the S9 mix. Conclusions GJBRHE did not cause detectable genotoxic effects in the bacterial mutation test or the in vivo MN test, however genotoxic effect was detected in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay. Our results suggest that GJBRHE may be associated with a low risk of carcinogenesis. Thus, further detailed experiments would be needed to clarify the compound responsible for inducing this genotoxicity of GJBRHE and to determine its mechanism.
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Lim H, Yo S, Lee M, Seo C, Shin H, Jeong S. Potential inhibitory effects of the traditional herbal prescription Hyangso-san against skin inflammation via inhibition of chemokine production and inactivation of STAT1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2515-2522. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hye‑Sun Lim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae‑Rom Yo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee‑Young Lee
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang‑Seob Seo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun‑Kyoo Shin
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo‑Jin Jeong
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Wannachawee Recipe with Antipsoriatic Activity on Suppressing Inflammatory Cytokine Production in HaCaT Human Keratinocytes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5906539. [PMID: 28900461 PMCID: PMC5576424 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5906539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated skin disease. The pathogenesis involves T cells activation via the IL-23/Th17 axis. Conventional treatments of psoriasis have adverse events influencing patients' adherence. Wannachawee Recipe (WCR) has been effectively used as Thai folk remedy for psoriasis patients; however, preclinical evidence defining how WCR works is still lacking. This study defined mechanisms for its antiproliferation and anti-inflammatory effects in HaCaT cells. The cytotoxicity and antiproliferation results from SRB and CCK-8 assays showed that WCR inhibited the growth and viability of HaCaT cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The distribution of cell cycle phases determined by flow cytometry showed that WCR did not interrupt cell cycle progression. Interestingly, RT-qPCR revealed that WCR significantly decreased the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, and TNF-α but induced IL-10 expression in TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. At the protein level determined by ELISA, WCR significantly reduced the secretion of IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-23. The WCR at low concentrations was proved to possess anti-inflammatory effect without cytotoxicity and it did not interfere with cell cycle of keratinocytes. This is the first study to provide convincing evidence that WCR is a potential candidate for development of effective psoriasis therapies.
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Guizhi Fuling Wan, a Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula, Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cells through Inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4651949. [PMID: 27293459 PMCID: PMC4887624 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4651949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the possible mechanisms that Guizhi Fuling Wan (GFW) enhances the sensitivity of the SKOV3/DDP ovarian cancer cells and the resistant xenograft tumours to cisplatin. Rat medicated sera containing GFW were prepared by administering GFW to rats, and the primary bioactive constituents of the sera were gallic acid, paeonol, and paeoniflorin analysed by HPLC/QqQ MS. Cell counting kit-8 analysis was shown that coincubation of the sera with cisplatin/paclitaxel enhanced significantly the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin or paclitaxel in SKOV3/DDP cells. The presence of the rat medicated sera containing GFW resulted in an increase in rhodamine 123 accumulation by flow cytometric assays and a decrease in the protein levels of P-gp, phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473, and mTOR in a dose-dependent manner in SKOV3/DDP cells by western blot analysis, but the sera had no effect on the protein levels of PI3K p110α and total AKT. The low dose of GFW enhanced the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin and paclitaxel treatment in resistant SKOV3/DDP xenograft tumours. GFW could sensitize cisplatin-resistant SKOV3/DDP cells by inhibiting the protein level and function of P-gp, which may be medicated through inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Meng X, Kim I, Jeong YJ, Cho YM, Kang SC. Anti-inflammatory effects of Saururus chinensis aerial parts in murine macrophages via induction of heme oxygenase-1. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:396-408. [PMID: 26553125 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215614657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. is a perennial plant distributed throughout Northeast Asia and its roots have been widely used as a traditional medicine for hepatitis, asthma, pneumonia, and gonorrhea. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of an extract of S. chinensis of the aerial parts (rather than the root), and the signaling pathway responsible for this effect in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages. The subfraction 4 (SCF4) from the n-hexane layer of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of S. chinensis exhibited the highest nitrite-inhibitory activity. SCF4 significantly inhibited the production of nitrite and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. SCF4 caused significant phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Akt, which subsequently induced the nuclear translocation of p-p65 nuclear factor-κB and Nrf2. SCF4 also suppressed the phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (p-STAT1). The heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin attenuated the inhibitory effect of SCF4 on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitrite production and expression of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and p-STAT1. We identified sauchinone as the active compound in S. chinensis extract and SCF4. Sauchinone was shown to significantly inhibit nitrite production and inflammatory mediators expression via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. These results suggest that S. chinensis extract, SCF4, and its active compound, sauchinone, could be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Meng
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
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