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Matsuda H, Morikawa T, Nakamura S, Muraoka O, Yoshikawa M. New biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins. J Nat Med 2023; 77:644-664. [PMID: 37436646 PMCID: PMC10465407 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current review, we describe the novel biofunctional effects of oleanane-type triterpene saponins, including elatosides, momordins, senegasaponins, camelliasaponins, and escins, obtained from Aralia elata (bark, root cortex, young shoot), Kochia scoparia (fruit), Polygala senega var. latifolia (roots), Camellia japonica (seeds), and Aesculus hippocastanum (seeds), considering the following biofunctional activities: (1) inhibitory effects on elevated levels of blood alcohol and glucose in alcohol and glucose-loaded rats, respectively, (2) inhibitory effects on gastric emptying in rats and mice, (3) accelerative effects on gastrointestinal transit in mice, and (4) protective effects against gastric mucosal lesions in rats. In addition, we describe (5) suppressive effects of the extract and chakasaponins from Camellia sinensis (flower buds) on obesity based on inhibition of food intake in mice. The active saponins were classified into the following three types: (1) olean-12-en-28-oic acid 3-O-monodesmoside, (2) olean-12-ene 3,28-O-acylated bisdesmoside, and (3) acylated polyhydroxyolean-12-ene 3-O-monodesmoside. Furthermore, common modes of action, such as involvements of capsaicin-sensitive nerves, endogenous NO and PGs, and possibly sympathetic nerves, as well as common structural requirements, were observed. Based on our findings, a common mechanism of action might mediate the pharmacological effects of active saponins. It should be noted that the gastrointestinal tract is an important action site of saponins, and the role of the saponins in the gastrointestinal tract should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Matsuda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-Ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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2
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Lin C, Liu Z, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang R, Wu L, Li L. Integrate UPLC-QE-MS/MS and Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Active Components and Action Mechanisms of Tea Cake Extract for Treating Cough. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5442. [PMID: 35781817 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate the active components and mechanisms of tea cake extract (TCE) for treating cough. METHODS The components of TCE were tentatively identified by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive MS/MS (UPLC-QE-MS/MS), whose targets were obtained from databases of Swiss Target Prediction and traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP). Cough-related targets were retrieved from databases of Gene cards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). After intersection targets were obtained, enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was performed, and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network and active compound-intersection target-KEGG pathway network was constructed. Core active compounds and their targets were validated with molecular docking. RESULTS Total of 78 compounds were identified from TCE, including 24 flavonoids, 17 phenolic acids, 10 alkaloids, 7 organic acids, 5 triterpenes, 5 amino acids, 5 coumarins, 3 carbohydrates, 1 anthraquinone and 1 other. 347 intersection targets were obtained. The top 5 GO terms with most significant P-values were response to oxygen-containing compound, response to organic substance, response to chemical, cellular response to chemical stimulus, and regulation of biological quality. The top 5 KEGG pathways with most significant P-values were: PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, human cytomegalovirus infection, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and proteoglycans in cancer. The top 5 core active compounds were: quercetin, genistein, luteolin, kaempferol and emodin. The top 5 core targets were: protein kinase B (Akt1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3 (MAPK1/3), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1). The top 5 core active compounds could stably bind to their targets with LibDockScore higher than 100. CONCLUSION TCE plays the antitussive role by multiple components and targets. Core targets (AKT1, MAPK1, MAPK3 and PIK3R1) and core components (quercetin, genistein, luteolin and kaempferol) involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway are worth more attention in subsequent validation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Pharmacy College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jia Chen
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanxuan Wang
- Pharmacy College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- Pharmacy College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linfu Li
- Pharmacy College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Shirahata T, Miyaishi R, Kitazoe T, Saito M, Taneoka Y, Hidaka S, Yokoyama M, Tojima T, Katsumi T, Hirata N, Nishino T, Kaji E, Yamada H, Nagai T, Kiyohara H, Nakamori S, Konishi N, Kobayashi Y. Preparation of Tenuifolin from Polygala senega L. Root Using a Hydrolytic Continuous Flow System under High-Temperature, High-Pressure Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16268-16277. [PMID: 34730980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An improved process for preparing tenuifolin (presenegenin 3-β-d-glucopyranoside) from the root of Polygala senega L. was developed. A crude saponin mixture extracted from P. senega was subjected to hydrolysis, and the reactivity of compounds in the extract was controlled by utilizing the combination of a flow reactor and experimental design. In addition, column chromatography with HP 20, a synthetic polystyrenic adsorbent, allowed the gram-scale preparation of tenuifolin in a continuous manner with fewer steps. This approach shortens the total time required for gram-scale preparation from 16 to 5 h in a continuous manner while improving the yield from 0.59% to 2.08% (w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shirahata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Rintaro Miyaishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kitazoe
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaya Saito
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yuki Taneoka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hidaka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masaki Yokoyama
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayori Tojima
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsumi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nozomu Hirata
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kaji
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamada
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nagai
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- O̅mura Satoshi Memorial Institute and Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakamori
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Naruki Konishi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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Mala L, Lalouckova K, Skrivanova E. Bacterial Skin Infections in Livestock and Plant-Based Alternatives to Their Antibiotic Treatment. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2473. [PMID: 34438930 PMCID: PMC8388705 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its large surface area, the skin is susceptible to various injuries, possibly accompanied by the entrance of infective agents into the body. Commensal organisms that constitute the skin microbiota play important roles in the orchestration of cutaneous homeostasis and immune competence. The opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is present as part of the normal biota of the skin and mucous membranes in both humans and animals, but can cause disease when it invades the body either due to trauma or because of the impaired immune response of the host. Colonization of livestock skin by S. aureus is a precursor for majority of bacterial skin infections, which range from boils to sepsis, with the best-characterized being bovine mastitis. Antibiotic treatment of these infections can contribute to the promotion of resistant bacterial strains and even to multidrug resistance. The development of antibiotic resistance to currently available antibiotics is a worldwide problem. Considering the increasing ability of bacteria to effectively resist antibacterial agents, it is important to reduce the livestock consumption of antibiotics to preserve antibiotic effectiveness in the future. Plants are recognized as sources of various bioactive substances, including antibacterial activity towards clinically important microorganisms. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the major groups of phytochemicals with antibacterial activity and their modes of action. It also provides a list of currently known and used plant species aimed at treating or preventing bacterial skin infections in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Mala
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.L.)
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Pratelstvi 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Lalouckova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.L.)
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Pratelstvi 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Skrivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.M.); (K.L.)
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Animal Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Pratelstvi 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Xiang X, Su C, Shi Q, Wu J, Zeng Z, Zhang L, Jin S, Huang R, Gao T, Song C. Potential hypoglycemic metabolites in dark tea fermented by Eurotium cristatum based on UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS combining global metabolomic and spectrum-effect relationship analyses. Food Funct 2021; 12:7546-7556. [PMID: 34227645 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00836f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The preventive and therapeutic effects of dark tea fermented by Eurotium cristatum (DTE) in glucose metabolism have been demonstrated. However, few studies have investigated comprehensive changes in the chemical composition and activity in DTE before and after fermentation. In this study, the metabolic profiling of raw samples and fermented samples was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Furthermore, a systematic analytical strategy combining global metabolomics and the spectrum-effect relationship based on α-glucosidase inhibition was employed for screening discriminant metabolites. As a result, 15 discriminant metabolites were identified in DTE samples. Among them, 10 metabolites (4 fatty acids, 1 dyphylline derivative, 3 lysophosphatidylcholines, and 2 triterpenes) increased in relative contents and the contents of the other 5 polyphenol metabolites decreased after fermentation. These metabolites were critical constituents possibly associated with DTE's hypoglycemic activity, which also might be suitable as quality evaluation indicators. This study provided a worthy insight into the exploration of representative active constituents or quality indicators of DTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
Herbal Teas prepared from leaves, roots, fruits, and flowers of different herbs contain
many useful nutrients that may be a good replacement for medicating certain diseases. These herbal
teas are very rich in poly-phenols, therefore are significant for their antioxidant, anti-inflammation,
anticancer, anticardiovascular, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, and antiobesity properties. Medical
chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease,
constipation, diabetes, and bed wetting in children can be easily cured by the use of these herbal
teas in regular and moderate amounts. This review focuses on the diverse constituents of herbal teas
due to which these can be an attractive alternative towards promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabinda Sattar
- Department of Chemistry, ICS, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Comprehensive evaluation on tailor-made deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in extracting tea saponins from seed pomace of Camellia oleifera Abel. Food Chem 2020; 342:128243. [PMID: 33069529 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tea saponins from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed pomace are new sources of commercial saponins. This study established an eco-friendly and efficient extraction method for tea saponins from C. oleifera seed pomace. A ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of l-proline, glycerol and sucrose (4:10:1 in molar ratio, abbreviated as PGS-5) achieved the highest extraction yield of tea saponins among all screened DESs. A maximum extraction yield of 23.22 ± 0.28% was obtained using PGS-5 under the optimized extraction time, DES concentration and liquid-solid ratio. Through ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive HF mass spectroscopy, as well as analyses of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, it was determined that extracted saponins did not altered during processing. Therefore, PGS-5 can serve as a solvent to obtain stable and beneficial tea saponins from C. oleifera seed pomace.
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Wu X, Jia L, Wu J, Liu Y, Kang H, Liu X, Li P, He P, Tu Y, Li B. Simultaneous Determination and Quantification of Triterpene Saponins from Camellia sinensis Seeds Using UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203794. [PMID: 31652500 PMCID: PMC6832586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins in the Camellia sinensis seeds have a broad spectrum of biological properties and application potentials. However, up to now, no chromatographic methods have been developed to provide full fingerprinting and quality assurance for these saponins. This research aimed to develop a novel method to tentatively identify and quantify saponins in C. sinensis seeds by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo-diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS), and compare it with the classic vanillin-sulfuric acid assay. Fifty-one triterpene saponins, including six potentially new compounds, were simultaneously detected by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS, and their chemical structures were speculated according to the retention behavior and fragmentation pattern. The total saponin content in the crude extract and the purified saponin fraction of C. sinensis seeds were quantified to be 19.57 ± 0.05% (wt %) and 41.68 ± 0.09% (wt %) respectively by UPLC-PDA at 210 nm, while the corresponding values were determined to be 43.11 ± 3.17% (wt %) and 56.60 ± 5.79% (wt %) respectively by the vanillin-sulfuric acid assay. The developed UPLC-PDA -MS/MS method could determine specified saponins, and is more reliable for quantifying the C. sinensis seed saponins than the classic spectrophotometric method. It is of great significance for the future investigations and applications of these saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Wu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lingyan Jia
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jiafan Wu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hyunuk Kang
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Puming He
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhang L, Ho CT, Zhou J, Santos JS, Armstrong L, Granato D. Chemistry and Biological Activities of Processed Camellia sinensis Teas: A Comprehensive Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:1474-1495. [PMID: 33336903 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tea is a typical processed beverage from the fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] or Camellia assamica [Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Mast.) Kitamura] through different manufacturing techniques. The secondary metabolites of fresh tea leaves are mainly flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, purine alkaloids, condensed tannins, hydrolysable tannins, saponins, flavonols, and their glycoside forms. During the processing, tea leaves go through several steps, such as withering, rolling, fermentation, postfermentation, and roasting (drying) to produce different types of tea. After processing, theaflavins, thearubigins, and flavan-3-ols derivatives emerge as the newly formed compounds with a corresponding decrease in concentrations of catechins. Each type of tea has its own critical process and presents unique chemical composition and flavor. The components among different teas also cause significant changes in their biological activities both in vitro and in vivo. In the present review, the progress of tea chemistry and the effects of individual unit operation on components were comprehensively described. The health benefits of tea were also reviewed based on the human epidemiological and clinical studies. Although there have been multiple studies about the tea chemistry and biological activities, most of existing results are related to tea polyphenols, especially (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Other compounds, including the novel compounds, as well as isomers of amino acids and catechins, have not been explored in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural Univ., 230036, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Dept. of Food Science, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, 08901-8554, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural Univ., 230036, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jânio Sousa Santos
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Lorene Armstrong
- Graduation Program in Chemistry, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Daniel Granato
- Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, State Univ. of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.,Innovative Food System Unit, Natural Resources Inst. Finland (LUKE), FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
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Meng XH, Li N, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Plant Resources, Chemical Constituents, and Bioactivities of Tea Plants from the Genus Camellia Section Thea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5318-5349. [PMID: 30449099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea, as one of the most popular beverages with various bioactivities, is commonly produced from the fresh leaves of two widely cultivated tea plants, Camellia sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. Both plants belong to the genus Camellia section Thea, which was considered to have 12 species and 6 varieties according to Min's taxonomic system. Most species, except the cultivated species, are known as wild tea plants and have been exploited and utilized to produce tea by the local people of its growing areas. Thus far, six species and varieties have been phytochemically studied, leading to the identification of 398 compounds, including hydrolyzable tannins, flavan-3-ols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other phenolic and related compounds. Various beneficial health effects were reported for tea and its components, involving antioxidant, antitumor, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. In this review, the geographical distribution of tea plants and the chemical constituents (1-398) reported from the genus Camellia section Thea and some tea products (green, black, oolong, and pu-erh tea) that have ever been studied between 1970 and 2018 have been summarized, taking species as the main hint, and the main biological activities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
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11
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Rho T, Choi SJ, Kil HW, Ko J, Yoon KD. Separation of nine novel triterpene saponins from Camellia japonica seeds using high-performance countercurrent chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:226-236. [PMID: 30479045 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Camellia japonica L. (Theaceae) is an evergreen shrub, which is cultivated as a popular ornamental tree in Korea, China, and Japan and its seeds have been used as a source of cooking oil, in cosmetics and as a traditional medicine. Intensive phytochemical works have revealed that oleanane-type saponins are the characteristic compounds of the seeds of C. japonica. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study is to isolate and determine oleanane-type saponins from C. japonica using high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and spectroscopic evidences, respectively. METHODOLOGY HPLC electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to profile the saponin composition of an enriched saponin extract of C. japonica seeds. The enriched saponin extract was separated by HPCCC using a dichloromethane/methanol/isopropanol/water (9:6:1:4, v/v/v/v) system and RP-HPLC. The structures of the isolates were determined utilising ESI-Q-TOF-MS, one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR and optical rotation. RESULTS HPCCC on enriched saponin extract of C. japonica yielded four saponin fractions in the order of the number of sugars attached to the triterpene aglycone, and preparative RP-HPLC on each saponin fraction led to the isolation of nine novel saponins, namely camoreoside A-I, along with six known ones. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that combination of HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis and HPCCC coupled with RP-HPLC are excellent tools for discovering saponins from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoong Rho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kil
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ko
- Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea
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Yu X, He Y. Optimization of tea-leaf saponins water extraction and relationships between their contents and tea ( Camellia sinensis) tree varieties. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:1734-1740. [PMID: 30258618 PMCID: PMC6145268 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resulting from the year-on-year increase in tea plantations and the saturated consumption of tea leaves, the relative overcapacity in China's tea-leaf production appears. Discovering the new utilization of tea leaves is helpful to alleviate this phenomenon. The feasibility of extracting saponins from aged tea leaves was investigated and confirmed; three major variables in water extraction were optimized by Box-Behnken designs. The significant variable found in Box-Behnken designs, liquid-solid ratio, was went through single-variable experiments for a more accurate optimization. Seventy-five ml/g, 1 hr, and 80°C were optimal values and tea-leaf saponins yield of tea tree variety Longjing 43 reached 12.19% ± 0.0030% after optimizations, higher than the yield of tea-seed saponins from Camellia oleifera seed meals using the same extraction method (water extraction based on optimizations). According to correlation analyses, tea tree's leaf type and germination stage affected tea-leaf saponins contents positively, indicating tea trees with larger leaves and later germination stage would have a higher content of tea-leaf saponins with a higher yield of tea-leaf saponins under the same extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Lan Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Yu XL, He Y. Development of a Rapid and Simple Method for Preparing Tea-Leaf Saponins and Investigation on Their Surface Tension Differences Compared with Tea-Seed Saponins. Molecules 2018; 23:E1796. [PMID: 30037015 PMCID: PMC6099727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative overcapacity in China's tea-leaf production and the potential application of tea-leaf saponins in soil remediation encouraged in-depth developments and comprehensive utilizations of tea-leaf resources. Through variables optimizations using Box⁻Behnken designs for ultrasonic power, temperature as well as ultrasonic treatment time in ultrasonic-assisted water extraction and single-variable experiments for acetone-extraction solution ratio in acetone precipitation, a rapid and simple method was developed for preparing tea-leaf saponins. Tea-leaf saponins with the concentration of 3.832 ± 0.055 mg/mL and the purity of 76.5% ± 1.13% were acquired under the optimal values of 78 w, 60 °C, 20 min and 0.1 ratio of acetone-extraction solution. Both Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectra and ultraviolet (UV) spectra revealed slight composition differences between tea-leaf saponins and tea-seed saponins, while these differences were not reflected in the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the surface tension of tea-leaf saponins and tea-seed saponins, indicating there was no need to distinguish them at the CMC. Further research attention on where tea-leaf saponins were in low concentrations is deserved to discover whether they had differences in comparison with tea-seed saponins, which was beneficial to apply them in the phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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14
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Yu XL, He Y. Tea saponins: effective natural surfactants beneficial for soil remediation, from preparation to application. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24312-24321. [PMID: 35539187 PMCID: PMC9082184 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea saponins, found in Camellia plants, are natural non-ionic surfactants that offer obvious beneficial effects in soil remediation. Most tea saponins are extracted from the Camellia oleifera seed meal, with the leaves and flowers of Camellia sinensis as potential sources. Water extraction and ultrasound-assisted water extraction combined with acetone precipitation are recommended for the industrial extraction and purification of tea saponins, considering multiple factors. The detailed physical, chemical and biochemical properties of tea saponins need to be clarified, especially whether tea saponins with slightly different structures from distinct sources have different soil remediation properties. Applied in leaching remediation, phytoremediation and microbial remediation, tea saponins desorb heavy metals from contaminated soil as well as enhancing their bioavailability. Tea saponins improve the accumulation of pollutants by hyperaccumulators as well as the degradation of organic pollutants by microorganisms. Currently the mechanisms of tea saponins are not clear, although they are proven to be effective natural surfactants for the remediation of contaminated soils. This review enriches our understanding of tea saponins from various aspects and encourages further studies of industrial extraction and purification, and the field remediation mechanisms of tea saponins, making better use of Camellia plants and contributing to environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yong He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou P. R. China
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Guo N, Tong T, Ren N, Tu Y, Li B. Saponins from seeds of Genus Camellia: Phytochemistry and bioactivity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 149:42-55. [PMID: 29459215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Camellia seeds have been traditionally used as oil raw materials in Asia, and are known for a wide spectrum of applications. Oleanane-type triterpene saponins are the major specialised metabolites in Camellia seeds, and more than seventy saponins have been isolated and characterized. These natural compounds have caught much attention due to their various biological and pharmacological activities, including modulation of gastrointestinal system, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-microorganism, antioxidation, neuroprotection, hypolipidemic effects, foaming and detergence, as well as helping the accumulation of pollutants by plants. These compounds have a promising application in medicine, agriculture, industry and environmental protection. The present paper summarized the information from current publications on Camellia seed saponins, with a focus on the advances made in chemical structures, determination methods, bioactivities and toxicity. We hope this article will stimulate further investigations on these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tuantuan Tong
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youying Tu
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Synthesis of Natural Tea-Saponin-Based Succinic Acid Sulfonate as Anionic Foaming Agent. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Yuan C, Li Y, Li Q, Jin R, Ren L. Purification of Tea Saponins and Evaluation of its Effect on Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:56-63. [PMID: 33817068 PMCID: PMC7874680 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea saponins, extracted from a Camellia oleifera cake, were found to have a potent effect on de-alcoholic activity. To obtain highly pure tea saponins, which can better maintain the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), this paper presents an extraction method for tea saponins using deionized water as the extraction agent and a two-stage precipitation method, including ethanol precipitation and CaO precipitation. The optimum conditions for ethanol precipitation were 95% alcohol, a duration of 1.5h and a solid/liquid ratio of 1:4; while the optimum conditions for CaO precipitation were a duration of 2h and an NH4HCO3/CaO ratio of 2:1. Under the optimum conditions, the content of saponins was 87.58%. The results showed that the greater the amount of tea saponins and the higher its purity, the more significant its activating effect on ADH. When the purity of tea saponins was above 75%, it activated ADH. It indicated that the de-alcoholic mechanism of tea saponins is associated with the activity of ADH. Furthermore, the study characterized the structure of tea saponins by UV absorption and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxun Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R, China
| | - Yan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R, China
| | - Qingchuan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R, China
| | - Risheng Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P.R, China
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18
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Cui C, Zong J, Sun Y, Zhang L, Ho CT, Wan X, Hou R. Triterpenoid saponins from the genus Camellia: structures, biological activities, and molecular simulation for structure–activity relationship. Food Funct 2018; 9:3069-3091. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the isolation, chemical identification, and biochemical activities of Camellia triterpenoid saponins, updating a previous review and encompassing all new studies through September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Jianfa Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Rutgers University
- Food Science Department
- New Brunswick
- USA 08901-8520
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Ruyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization; International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects
- School of Tea and Food Science & Technology
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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19
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Inhibitory Effects of Total Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from the Seeds of the Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) on Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101649. [PMID: 28974006 PMCID: PMC6151552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is regarded as one of the most severe malignancies for women in the world. Death rates have remained steady over the past five decades, due to the undeniable inefficiency of the current treatment in preventing its recurrence and death. The development of new effective alternative agents for ovarian cancer treatment is becoming increasingly critical. Tea saponins (TS) are triterpenoidsaponins composed of sapogenins, glycosides, and organic acids, which possess a variety of pharmacological activities, and have shown promise in the anti-cancer field. Through cell CellTiter 96® Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation assay (MTS) assay, colony formation, Hoechst 33342 staining assay, caspase-3/7 activities, flow cytometry for apoptosis analysis, and Western blot, we observed that TS isolated from the seeds of tea plants, Camellia sinensis, exhibited strong anti-proliferation inhibitory effects on OVCAR-3 and A2780/CP70 ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results indicate that TS may selectivity inhibit human ovarian cancer cells by mediating apoptosis through the extrinsic pathway, and initiating anti-angiogenesis via decreased VEGF protein levels in a HIF-1α-dependent pathway. Our data suggests that, in the future, TS could be incorporated into a potential therapeutic agent against human ovarian cancer.
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20
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Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Morikawa T, Muraoka O, Yoshikawa M. New biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and its bioactive acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides. J Nat Med 2016; 70:689-701. [PMID: 27380283 PMCID: PMC5114335 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We review the biofunctional effects of the flower buds of Camellia sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica, such as antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antiobesity, and gastroprotective effects in vivo, and antiallergic, pancreatic lipase inhibitory, and amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation inhibitory activities in vitro. Although the biofunctional effects of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention has been given to those of the flowers and seeds of the tea plant. Our studies focused on the saponin constituents of the extracts of the flower buds of C. sinensis cultivated in Japan and China, and C. sinensis var. assamica cultivated in India, and we review their beneficial biofunctions for health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Matsuda
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Seikou Nakamura
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
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Ramírez-Restrepo CA, Tan C, ONeill CJ, López-Villalobos N, Padmanabha J, Wang J, McSweeney CS. Methane production, fermentation characteristics, and microbial profiles in the rumen of tropical cattle fed tea seed saponin supplementation. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins from the flowers of Bellis perennis show anti-proliferative activities against human digestive tract carcinoma cell lines. J Nat Med 2016; 70:435-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-0998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Zhao W, Li N, Zhang X, Wang W, Li J, Si Y. Cancer chemopreventive theasaponin derivatives from the total tea seed saponin of Camellia sinensis. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of triterpene saponins from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel) and their activities against bacteria and fungi. Molecules 2014; 19:7568-80. [PMID: 24914901 PMCID: PMC6271494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A method using LC-ESI-IT-TOF/MS and LC/UV-ELSD was established to qualitatively analyze triterpene saponins obtained from the tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel). In addition, the quantitative analysis of oleiferasaponin A1 using LC/UV was developed. The purified total saponins did not exhibit any inhibitory effects at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg/mL against the tested bacteria, except for Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli. By contrast, higher inhibitory activity was seen against the tested fungi, especially against Bipolaris maydis. Following treatment with an MIC value of 250 μg/mL for 24 h, the mycelial morphology was markedly shriveled in appearance or showed flattened and empty hyphae, with fractured cell walls, ruptured plasmalemma and cytoplasmic coagulation or leakage. These structural changes hindered the growth of mycelia.
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Ridder L, van der Hooft JJJ, Verhoeven S, de Vos RCH, Bino RJ, Vervoort J. Automatic chemical structure annotation of an LC-MS(n) based metabolic profile from green tea. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6033-40. [PMID: 23662787 DOI: 10.1021/ac400861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with multistage accurate mass spectrometry (LC-MS(n)) can generate comprehensive spectral information of metabolites in crude extracts. To support structural characterization of the many metabolites present in such complex samples, we present a novel method ( http://www.emetabolomics.org/magma ) to automatically process and annotate the LC-MS(n) data sets on the basis of candidate molecules from chemical databases, such as PubChem or the Human Metabolite Database. Multistage MS(n) spectral data is automatically annotated with hierarchical trees of in silico generated substructures of candidate molecules to explain the observed fragment ions and alternative candidates are ranked on the basis of the calculated matching score. We tested this method on an untargeted LC-MS(n) (n ≤ 3) data set of a green tea extract, generated on an LC-LTQ/Orbitrap hybrid MS system. For the 623 spectral trees obtained in a single LC-MS(n) run, a total of 116,240 candidate molecules with monoisotopic masses matching within 5 ppm mass accuracy were retrieved from the PubChem database, ranging from 4 to 1327 candidates per molecular ion. The matching scores were used to rank the candidate molecules for each LC-MS(n) component. The median and third quartile fractional ranks for 85 previously identified tea compounds were 3.5 and 7.5, respectively. The substructure annotations and rankings provided detailed structural information of the detected components, beyond annotation with elemental formula only. Twenty-four additional components were putatively identified by expert interpretation of the automatically annotated data set, illustrating the potential to support systematic and untargeted metabolite identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ridder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Li N, Ma ZJ, Chu Y, Wang Y, Li X. Phytochemical analysis of the triterpenoids with cytotoxicity and QR inducing properties from the total tea seed saponin of Camellia sinensis. Fitoterapia 2013; 84:321-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chung DW, Lee SB. Novel synthesis of leucoside by enzymatic hydrolysis of tea seed extract. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:362-367. [PMID: 22777867 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of tea seed extract (TSE) has been widely investigated owing to its biological activities. In this paper, two flavonol triglycosides found in TSE, camelliaside A (CamA) and camelliaside B (CamB), were subjected to hydrolysis in the presence of three commercial enzyme complexes of the Pectinex® series, 5XL, XXL and Ultra SP-L (Ultra). RESULTS XXL and 5XL induced stepwise deglycosylation of CamA and CamB to yield kaempferol diglycoside (nicotiflorin), kaempferol monoglycoside (astragalin) and kaempferol, while Ultra produced an additional new compound (1) that had not been observed in earlier studies. Upon hydrolysis of isolated CamA and CamB, compound (1) was obtained only from CamB. Both the molecular ion peak in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and the ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of (1) isolated by Ultra-induced hydrolysis of TSE indicated that (1) was kaempferol 3-O-β-xylopyranosyl (1 → 2)-β-glucopyranoside (leucoside), formed by selective hydrolysis of the rhamnosyl moiety of CamB. CONCLUSION Pure leucoside can be prepared by enzymatic partial hydrolysis of TSE. This is the first study to address the synthesis of pure leucoside from a natural source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-won Chung
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Suwon, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 445-743, South Korea.
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Zhang XF, Han YY, Bao GH, Ling TJ, Zhang L, Gao LP, Xia T. A new saponin from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel) and its protective effect on PC12 cells. Molecules 2012; 17:11721-8. [PMID: 23027372 PMCID: PMC6268113 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171011721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new triterpenoid saponin, oleiferasaponin A₁, was isolated from tea seed pomace (Camellia oleifera Abel). The structure of oleiferasaponin A₁ was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence and was found to be 22-O-cis-2-hexenoyl-A₁-barrigenol 3-O-[β-D-galactopyranosyl(1→2)] [β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. PC12 cells injured with H₂O₂ were used as the model to test the protective effects of oleiferasaponin A₁. The results indicated that oleiferasaponin A₁ can potentially prevent the H₂O₂-induced cell death of PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ying-Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guan-Hu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Tie-Jun Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Tao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.-F.Z.); (Y.-Y.H.); (G.-H.B.); (T.-J.L.); (L.Z.)
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Morikawa T, Miyake S, Miki Y, Ninomiya K, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. Quantitative analysis of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins I-III and floratheasaponins A-F, in the flower buds of Camellia sinensis from different regional origins. J Nat Med 2012; 66:608-13. [PMID: 22307219 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analytical method was developed for the determination of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins I-III (1-3) and floratheasaponins A-F (4-9), found in Camellia sinensis (Theaceae). The practical conditions for separation and detection of these saponins were established on an ODS column with methanol containing 5 mM trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase, and the detection and quantitation limits of the method were estimated to be 1.1-3.8 and 3.5-12.5 ng, respectively. The relative standard deviation values of intra- and interday precision were lower than 2.35 and 6.12%, respectively, overall mean recoveries of all saponins being 94.7-108.8%, and the correlation coefficients of all the calibration curves showed good linearity within the test ranges. To approve the validity of the protocol, extracts of 13 kinds of C. sinensis collected in China, Taiwan, Japan, and India were evaluated. The results indicated that the assay was reproducible and precise, and could be readily utilized for the quality evaluation of tea flowers. It was noteworthy that the distinct regional difference was observed with respect to the content of chakasaponins and floratheasaponins, more chakasaponins being contained in the extracts of tea flowers from Fujian and Sichuan provinces, China than those from Japan, Taiwan, and India. Optimum conditions for the extraction process were also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
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Zhao P, Gao DF, Xu M, Shi ZG, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Triterpenoid Saponins from the Genus Camellia. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1931-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Wang JK, Ye JA, Liu JX. Effects of tea saponins on rumen microbiota, rumen fermentation, methane production and growth performance--a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 44:697-706. [PMID: 21870063 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reducing methane emission from ruminant animals has implications not only for global environmental protection but also for efficient animal production. Tea saponins (TS) extracted from seeds, leaves or roots of tea plant are pentacyclic triterpenes. They have a lasting antiprotozoal effect, but little effect on the methanogen population in sheep. There was no significant correlation between the protozoa counts and methanogens. The TS decreased methanogen activity. It seems that TS influenced the activity of the methanogens indirectly via the depressed ciliate protozoal population. The TS addition decreased fungal population in the medium containing rumen liquor in in vitro fermentation, but no such effect was observed in the rumen liquor of sheep fed TS. Tea saponins had a minor effect on the pattern of rumen fermentation and hence on nutrient digestion. When added at 3 g/day in diets, TS could improve daily weight gain and feed efficiency in goats. No positive associative effect existed between TS and disodium fumarate or soybean oil on methane suppression. Inclusion of TS in diets may be an effective way for improving feed efficiency in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China
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Kuo PC, Lin TC, Yang CW, Lin CL, Chen GF, Huang JW. Bioactive saponin from tea seed pomace with inhibitory effects against Rhizoctonia solani. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8618-8622. [PMID: 20681650 DOI: 10.1021/jf1017115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to characterize the antifungal principles in methanol extract of tea ( Camellia oleifera ) seed pomace. Totally, two flavonoids, camelliasides A (1) and B (2), and one saponin mixture composed of camelliasaponin B(1) (3) were identified from the methanol extract. These constituents were tested for their ability to reduce the infection of cabbage seedlings by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn AG-4 and to inhibit growth of the pathogen on potato dextrose agar plates. The saponin mixture is a potential candidate as a new plant-derived pesticide to control Rhizoctonia damping-off of vegetable seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan
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33
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Potter DA, Redmond CT, Meepagala KM, Williams DW. Managing earthworm casts (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in turfgrass using a natural byproduct of tea oil (Camellia sp.) manufacture. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:439-446. [PMID: 20024948 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earthworm casts are a worldwide problem on golf courses and sports fields when they disrupt the playability, aesthetics and maintenance of closely mowed playing surfaces. Currently, no pesticides are labeled for earthworms in the United States. Tea seed pellets (TSPs), a saponin-rich byproduct of Camellia oleifera Abel oil manufacture, were tested for expelling earthworms and reducing casts on creeping bentgrass turf. The fate of expelled worms, methods for removing them and impacts on pest and beneficial arthropods were also evaluated. RESULTS Application of TSPs at 2.93 kg 100 m(-2), followed by irrigation, quickly expelled earthworms from the soil. A single application reduced casts by 80-95% for at least 5 weeks. Mowing or sweeping removed expelled earthworms from putting green surfaces. Most expelled earthworms burrowed down when transferred to untreated turf, but few survived. Bioassay-guided fractionation confirmed the vermicidal activity results from a mix of saponins. TSPs did not reduce the abundance of beneficial soil arthropods, nor did they control black cutworms or white grubs in treated turf. CONCLUSION TSPs are an effective botanical vermicide that could be useful for selectively managing earthworm casts on closely mowed turfgrass. They might also be used to suppress earthworms in grassy strips alongside runways to reduce bird strike hazard at airports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Potter
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA.
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and structure determination of triterpenoids including squalene derivatives, protostanes, lanostanes, holostanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, tirucallanes, tetranortriterpenoids, lupanes, oleananes, friedelanes, ursanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes and saponins; 574 references are cited.
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Yoshikawa M, Sugimoto S, Kato Y, Nakamura S, Wang T, Yamashita C, Matsuda H. Acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins with acceleration of gastrointestinal transit and inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase from flower buds of chinese tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:903-15. [PMID: 19551732 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The MeOH extract and its BuOH-soluble fraction (crude saponin fraction) from the flower buds of Chinese tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE; Fujian Province) were found to exhibit accelerating effects on gastrointestinal transit in mice and inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase. From the BuOH-soluble fraction, three new acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, chakasaponins I, II, and III (1-3, resp.), were isolated together with 13 known compounds. The chemical structures 1-3 were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Compounds 1-3 showed accelerating effects on gastrointestinal transit in mice and inhibitory effects against porcine pancreatic lipase (IC(50)=150-530 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yoshikawa
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
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Noguchi A, Horikawa M, Fukui Y, Fukuchi-Mizutani M, Iuchi-Okada A, Ishiguro M, Kiso Y, Nakayama T, Ono E. Local differentiation of sugar donor specificity of flavonoid glycosyltransferase in Lamiales. THE PLANT CELL 2009; 21:1556-72. [PMID: 19454730 PMCID: PMC2700533 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.063826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are most commonly conjugated with various sugar moieties by UDP-sugar:glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in a lineage-specific manner. Generally, the phylogenetics and regiospecificity of flavonoid UGTs are correlated, indicating that the regiospecificity of UGT differentiated prior to speciation. By contrast, it is unclear how the sugar donor specificity of UGTs evolved. Here, we report the biochemical, homology-modeled, and phylogenetic characterization of flavonoid 7-O-glucuronosyltransferases (F7GAT), which is responsible for producing specialized metabolites in Lamiales plants. All of the Lamiales F7GATs were found to be members of the UGT88-related cluster and specifically used UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA). We identified an Arg residue that is specifically conserved in the PSPG box in the Lamiales F7GATs. Substitution of this Arg with Trp was sufficient to convert the sugar donor specificity of the Lamiales F7GATs from UDPGA to UDP-glucose. Homology modeling of the Lamiales F7GAT suggested that the Arg residue plays a critical role in the specific recognition of anionic carboxylate of the glucuronic acid moiety of UDPGA with its cationic guanidinium moiety. These results support the hypothesis that differentiation of sugar donor specificity of UGTs occurred locally, in specific plant lineages, after establishment of general regiospecificity for the sugar acceptor. Thus, the plasticity of sugar donor specificity explains, in part, the extraordinary structural diversification of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Noguchi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Ltd., Suntory Research Center, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
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Sugimoto S, Chi G, Kato Y, Nakamura S, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Medicinal Flowers. XXVI. Structures of Acylated Oleanane-Type Triterpene Oligoglycosides, Yuchasaponins A, B, C, and D, from the Flower Buds of Camellia oleifera—Gastroprotective, Aldose Reductase Inhibitory, and Radical Scavenging Effects—. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:269-75. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sugimoto S, Nakamura S, Yamamoto S, Yamashita C, Oda Y, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Brazilian Natural Medicines. III. Structures of Triterpene Oligoglycosides and Lipase Inhibitors from Mate, Leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2009; 57:257-61. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.57.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yoshikawa M, Sugimoto S, Nakamura S, Matsuda H. Medicinal Flowers. XXV. Structures of Floratheasaponin J and Chakanoside II from Japanese Tea Flower, Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-11568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Nakamura S, Hongo M, Sugimoto S, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Steroidal saponins and pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside from Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (fruit of Solanum lycocarpum). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2008; 69:1565-1572. [PMID: 18353405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, lyconosides Ia, Ib, II, III, and IV and a steroidal pseudoalkaloid oligoglycoside, lobofrutoside, were isolated from a Brazilian natural medicine, "fruta do lobo" (the fruit of Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil.). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of analysis of chemical and physicochemical evidence.
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Yoshikawa M, Sugimoto S, Nakamura S, Matsuda H. Medicinal Flowers. XXII. Structures of Chakasaponins V and VI, Chakanoside I, and Chakaflavonoside A from Flower Buds of Chinese Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1297-303. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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YOSHIKAWA M, WANG T, SUGIMOTO S, NAKAMURA S, NAGATOMO A, MATSUDA H, HARIMA S. Functional Saponins in Tea Flower (Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis): Gastroprotective and Hypoglycemic Effects of Floratheasaponins and Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Using HPLC. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:141-51. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Morikawa T, Matsuda H, Li N, Li X, Yoshikawa M. Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. Part 29. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Yoshikawa M, Nakamura S, Kato Y, Matsuhira K, Matsuda H. Medicinal flowers. XIV. New acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides with antiallergic activity from flower buds of chinese tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:598-605. [PMID: 17409555 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The methanolic extract from the flower buds of Chinese tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE) was found to inhibit release of beta-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells. From the methanolic extract, six new acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, floratheasaponins D-I, were isolated together with 21 known compounds including floratheasaponins A-C. The chemical structures of floratheasaponins D-I were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. The principal constituents, floratheasaponins A-F, were found to show the inhibitory activity on the release of beta-hexosaminidase from RBL-2H3 cells.
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Yoshikawa M, Li N, Morikawa T, Matsuda H, Ninomiya K, Li X. New Flavanone Oligoglycosides, Theaflavanosides I, II, III, and IV, with Hepatoprotective Activity from the Seeds of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis). HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Morikawa T, Nakamura S, Kato Y, Muraoka O, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M. Bioactive Saponins and Glycosides. XXVIII. New Triterpene Saponins, Foliatheasaponins I, II, III, IV, and V, from Tencha (the Leaves of Camellia sinensis). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:293-8. [PMID: 17268104 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
New triterpene saponins, foliatheasaponins I-V, were isolated from the methanolic extract of Tencha [the leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. KUNTZE (Theaceae)]. The chemical structures of these new saponins were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Among the new saponins, foliatheasaponins II and III, were found to inhibit release of beta-hexosaminidase, as a marker of antigen-induced degranulation, in RBL-2H3 cells.
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