1
|
Huang J, Wu Y, Zheng J, Wang M, Goh GBB, Lin S. The prognostic role of diet quality in patients with MAFLD and physical activity: data from NHANES. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:4. [PMID: 38395952 PMCID: PMC10891170 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dietary control and increased physical activity (PA) are recommended for patients with metabolic (dysfunction-) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, not all patients can sustain both exercise and a healthy diet. This study explored the interaction between dietary quality, PA levels, and mortality in MAFLD patients. METHODS The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and linked mortality data were used in this study. Diet quality was assessed with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). PA level was calculated by multiply self-reported exercise frequency and its Metabolic Equivalent A high-quality diet was associated. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to explore risk factors for mortality in MAFLD patients. RESULTS In total, 3709 participants with MAFLD were included in the final analysis. The median follow-up time was 26.2 (interquartile range 19.3-28.1) years and 1549 (41.8%) deaths were recorded over follow-up. Cox multivariate regression was used to adjust for potential confounders of mortality. The results showed both HEI score and PA level were inversely correlated with all-cause mortality (P < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis stratified by PA level, higher diet quality decreased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular-related mortality and cancer-related mortality in PA inactive of MAFLD patients (P < 0.05), but these correlations were not present in active PA groups. CONCLUSION Healthy diet and physical activity may have different impact as lifestyle interventions for MAFLD. A high-quality diet is associated less mortality in inactive individuals with MAFLD but not in those with active PA levels. Sedentary individuals require healthier diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaofeng Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Hepatopathy and Intestinal Diseases, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinlian Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Hepatopathy and Intestinal Diseases, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaping Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Hepatopathy and Intestinal Diseases, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - George Boon-Bee Goh
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Hepatology Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Hepatopathy and Intestinal Diseases, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petridou A, Mougios V. Exercise to lower postprandial lipemia: why, when, what and how. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1013-1022. [PMID: 35345016 DOI: 10.1055/a-1810-5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We review recent findings on the ability of exercise to lower postprandial lipemia (PPL). Specifically, we answer why exercise is important in lowering PPL, when it is most effective to exercise to achieve this, what the preferred exercise is and how exercise reduces PPL. Most findings confirm the power of exercise to lower PPL, which is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise is most effective when performed on the day preceding a high- or moderate-fat meal. This effect lasts up to approximately two days; therefore, one should exercise frequently to maintain this benefit. However, the time of exercise relative to a meal is not that important in real-life conditions, since one consumes several meals during the day; thus, an exercise bout will inevitably exert its lowering effect on PPL in one or more of the subsequent meals. Although moderate-intensity continuous exercise, high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), resistance exercise and accumulation of short bouts of exercise throughout the day are all effective in lowering PPL, submaximal, high-volume interval exercise seems to be superior, provided it is tolerable. Finally, exercise reduces PPL by both lowering the rate of appearance and increasing the clearance of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins from the circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Petridou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Mougios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Thessaloniki, Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tucker WJ, Jarrett CL, D’Lugos AC, Angadi SS, Gaesser GA. Effects of indulgent food snacking, with and without exercise training, on body weight, fat mass, and cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight and obese men. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15118. [PMID: 34816612 PMCID: PMC8611507 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that exercise training would prevent gains in body weight and body fat, and worsening of cardiometabolic risk markers, during a 4-week period of indulgent food snacking in overweight/obese men. Twenty-eight physically inactive men (ages 19-47 yr) with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 consumed 48 donuts (2/day, 6 days/week; ~14,500 kcal total) for 4 weeks while maintaining habitual diet. Men were randomly assigned to control (n = 9), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; n = 9), or high-intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 10). Exercise training occurred 4 days/week, ~250 kcal/session. Controls did not increase body weight, body fat, or visceral abdominal fat. This was partially explained by a decrease in self-reported habitual energy (-239 kcal/day, p = 0.05) and carbohydrate (-47 g/day; p = 0.02) intake. Large inter-individual variability in changes in body weight, fat, and fat-free mass was evident in all groups. Fasting blood pressure, and blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, and lipids were unchanged in all groups. Glucose incremental area under the curve during an oral glucose tolerance test was reduced by 25.6% in control (p = 0.001) and 32.8% in MICT (p = 0.01) groups. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was not changed in any group. VO2max increased (p ≤ 0.001) in MICT (9.2%) and HIIT (12.1%) groups. We conclude that in physically inactive men with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 , consuming ~14,500 kcal as donuts over 4 weeks did not adversely affect body weight and body fat, or several markers of cardiometabolic risk. Consumption of the donuts may have prevented the expected improvement in FMD with HIIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley J. Tucker
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | - Andrew C. D’Lugos
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | | | - Glenn A. Gaesser
- College of Health SolutionsArizona State UniversityPhoenixArizonaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of Acute Fructose Loading on Markers of Inflammation-A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093110. [PMID: 34578989 PMCID: PMC8465001 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in development of diabetic complications. The postprandial state has been linked to chronic low grade inflammation. We therefore aimed to investigate the acute effects of fructose loading, with and without a pizza, on metabolic and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 7) and in healthy subjects (HS) (n = 6), age 47–76 years. Drinks consumed were blueberry drink (18 g fructose), Coca-Cola (17.5 g fructose), and fructose drink (35 g fructose). The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and inflammatory markers: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interleukin-18 (IL-18), Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were analyzed in blood. The postprandial responses were assessed using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test, Friedman’s ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U test. There was no difference in baseline levels of inflammatory markers between the groups. In T2D, MCP-1 decreased following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.02), Coca-Cola + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03). In HS, IL-6 increased following blueberry + pizza and fructose + pizza (p = 0.03), there was a decrease in MCP-1 following blueberry drink and Coca-Cola (p = 0.03), and in ICAM-1 following blueberry + pizza (p = 0.03). These results may indicate a role for MCP-1 as a link between postprandial state and diabetes complications, however further mechanistic studies on larger population of patients with T2D are needed for confirmation of these results.
Collapse
|
5
|
Meddens SFW, de Vlaming R, Bowers P, Burik CAP, Linnér RK, Lee C, Okbay A, Turley P, Rietveld CA, Fontana MA, Ghanbari M, Imamura F, McMahon G, van der Most PJ, Voortman T, Wade KH, Anderson EL, Braun KVE, Emmett PM, Esko T, Gonzalez JR, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Langenberg C, Luan J, Muka T, Ring S, Rivadeneira F, Snieder H, van Rooij FJA, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Smith GD, Franco OH, Forouhi NG, Ikram MA, Uitterlinden AG, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Wareham NJ, Cesarini D, Harden KP, Lee JJ, Benjamin DJ, Chow CC, Koellinger PD. Genomic analysis of diet composition finds novel loci and associations with health and lifestyle. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2056-2069. [PMID: 32393786 PMCID: PMC7767645 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of relative intake from the macronutrients fat, protein, carbohydrates, and sugar in over 235,000 individuals of European ancestries. We identified 21 unique, approximately independent lead SNPs. Fourteen lead SNPs are uniquely associated with one macronutrient at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), while five of the 21 lead SNPs reach suggestive significance (P < 1 × 10-5) for at least one other macronutrient. While the phenotypes are genetically correlated, each phenotype carries a partially unique genetic architecture. Relative protein intake exhibits the strongest relationships with poor health, including positive genetic associations with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease (rg ≈ 0.15-0.5). In contrast, relative carbohydrate and sugar intake have negative genetic correlations with waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and neighborhood deprivation (|rg| ≈ 0.1-0.3) and positive genetic correlations with physical activity (rg ≈ 0.1 and 0.2). Relative fat intake has no consistent pattern of genetic correlations with poor health but has a negative genetic correlation with educational attainment (rg ≈-0.1). Although our analyses do not allow us to draw causal conclusions, we find no evidence of negative health consequences associated with relative carbohydrate, sugar, or fat intake. However, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that relative protein intake plays a role in the etiology of metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Fleur W. Meddens
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.6906.90000000092621349Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester, Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald de Vlaming
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Bowers
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Economics, Harvard University, 1805 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Casper A. P. Burik
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Karlsson Linnér
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chanwook Lee
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Economics, Harvard University, 1805 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Aysu Okbay
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Turley
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Richard B. Simches Research building, 185 Cambridge St, CPZN-6818, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,grid.66859.34Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genomics, The Broad Institute at Harvard and MIT, 75 Ames St, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Behavioral and Health Genomics Center, Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern, California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Cornelius A. Rietveld
- grid.6906.90000000092621349Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Burgemeester, Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.6906.90000000092621349Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus, University Rotterdam, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Alan Fontana
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Center for the Advancement of Value in Musculoskeletal Care, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 402 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.411583.a0000 0001 2198 6209Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi Square, University Campus, 9177948564 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - George McMahon
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Peter J. van der Most
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kaitlin H. Wade
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L. Anderson
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Kim V. E. Braun
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline M. Emmett
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8, 2BN, Bristol, UK
| | - Tonũ Esko
- grid.10939.320000 0001 0943 7661Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu, 51010 Estonia
| | - Juan R. Gonzalez
- grid.434607.20000 0004 1763 3517Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Doctor Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 8003 Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Ramon Trias Fargas 25-27, Barcelona, 8005 Spain ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Pabellón 11, Calle Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid, 280229 Spain
| | - Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.5132.50000 0001 2312 1970Leiden University College, Anna van Buerenplein 301, 2595 DG Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - Taulant Muka
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Ring
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J. A. van Rooij
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - George Davey Smith
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands ,grid.4494.d0000 0000 9558 4598Genomics Coordination Center, Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - David Cesarini
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Economics, New York University, 19 W. 4th Street, New York, NY 10012 USA
| | - K. Paige Harden
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 108 E. Dean Keeton Stop #A8000, Austin, TX 78704 USA
| | - James J. Lee
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Daniel J. Benjamin
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Behavioral and Health Genomics Center, Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern, California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA ,grid.250279.b0000 0001 0940 3170National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Economics, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
| | - Carson C. Chow
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National, Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Philipp D. Koellinger
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gress TW, Mansoor K, Rayyan YM, Khthir RA, Tayyem RF, Tzamaloukas AH, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI, Khitan ZJ. Relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake: A cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1694-1702. [PMID: 32762131 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular outcomes have a reported J-shaped curve relationship. This study analyzes the relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake as a potential mechanism to explain this association. The authors examined cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2016 where dietary sodium, carbohydrate, fat, cholesterol, and sugar intakes were assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and were standardized to a total daily intake of 2000 calories. Sodium intake was categorized into sodium quintiles (SQ) as follows: SQ1(0.06-2.6 g/d); SQ2(2.6-3.0 g/d); SQ3(3.0-3.4 g/d); SQ4(3.4-4.0 g/d); and SQ5(4.0-29.3 g/d). Simple and multivariate linear regression using SQ3 as reference were used to assess associations between daily sodium intake and the other nutrients. Our results showed that among 38 722 participants that met our study criteria, the mean age was 43.6 years (SD 16.8 years) and sex was equally distributed (48.8% male vs 51.2% female). Sugar intake went down across increasing SQs and was significantly higher in SQ1 (141.2 g/d) and SQ2 (118.6 g/d) and significantly lower in SQ4 (97.9 g/d) and SQ5 (85.6 g/d) compared to SQ3 (108.6 g/d; all P < .01). These same trends remained unchanged and significant in the fully adjusted multivariate model. In conclusion, NHANES study participants reporting low sodium intake on 24-hour dietary recall have a higher consumption of sugar. The negative impact of low sodium diet on cardiovascular health may be explained at least partially by the associated high sugar intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Gress
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.,Hershel "Woody" Williams VA Medical Center, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kanaan Mansoor
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Yaser M Rayyan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rodhan A Khthir
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Reema F Tayyem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Antonios H Tzamaloukas
- Internal Medicine Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zeid J Khitan
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Freire Machi J, Schmidt R, Salgueiro LM, Fernandes Stoyell-Conti F, de Andrade Barboza C, Hernandez DR, Morris M. Exercise benefits the cardiac, autonomic and inflammatory responses to organophosphate toxicity. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:666-673. [PMID: 31673494 PMCID: PMC6816132 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DFP promotes cardiac and autonomic dysfunction. DFP led to mild neuroinflammation. Exercise training prevents/attenuates some of the impairments provoked by DFP.
The organophosphate, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), may impair cardiovascular, autonomic and immune function while exercise training is thougt to be restorative. Experiments determined effects of wheel exercise in C57B1 male mice, testing cardiovascular and autonomic function and characterization of the immunological profile. Sedentary (S) and exercise (ET) groups were treated with corticosterone (CORT) followed by injection of DFP. This model was associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction in the S group, measured using echocardiography (ECHO). Chronic exercise ameliorated the cardiac deficit. Autonomic balance, accessed by heart rate variability (HRV), showed increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic modulation in S group. Autonomic balance in ET mice was not affected by DFP. Our DFP model resulted in mild neuroinflammation seen by increased IL5, IL12 and MIP2 in brain and plasma IL6 and IL1a. DFP had a negative impact on cardiac/autonomic function and inflammatory markers, effects reduced by exercise. Data suggest a beneficial effect of exercise training on the cardiovascular and autonomic responses to DFP/CORT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Freire Machi
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic MediciNE, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rodrigo Schmidt
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic MediciNE, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.,Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis M Salgueiro
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic MediciNE, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Filipe Fernandes Stoyell-Conti
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic MediciNE, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Catarina de Andrade Barboza
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic MediciNE, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.,Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Rosa Hernandez
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic MediciNE, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute of Neuro-Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic MediciNE, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.,Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stanisic J, Koricanac G, Kostic M, Stojiljkovic M, Culafic T, Romic S, Tepavcevic S. Low-intensity exercise in the prevention of cardiac insulin resistance-related inflammation and disturbances in NOS and MMP-9 regulation in fructose-fed ovariectomized rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1219-1229. [PMID: 30897341 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is important nonpharmacological treatment for improvement of insulin sensitivity in menopause. However, its effect on menopausal cardiac insulin resistance is needing further research. We investigated protective effects of low-intensity exercise on cardiac insulin signaling, inflammation, regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats, submitted to 10% fructose solution for 9 weeks. OVX rats were divided into control, sedentary fructose, and exercise fructose groups. Measurements of physical and biochemical characteristics were carried out to evaluate metabolic syndrome development. Messenger RNA and protein levels and phosphorylation of cardiac insulin signaling molecules, endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS), p65 subunit of nuclear factor κB (NFκB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and MMP-9 were analyzed. Fructose increased insulin level, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, and visceral adipose tissue weight, while low-intensity exercise prevented insulin level and HOMA index increase. Fructose also decreased cardiac pAkt (Ser473), peNOS (Ser1177) and increased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) phosphorylation at Ser307, pNFκB (Ser276) and NFκB and MMP-9 content, without any effect on iNOS, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B, TNF-α, and SOCS3. Exercise prevented changes in pIRS1 (Ser307), pAkt (Ser473), peNOS (Ser1177), pNFκB (Ser276), and NFκB expression. In addition, exercise increased pIRS1 (Tyr632), pAkt (Thr308), and eNOS expression. Low-intensity exercise prevented cardiac insulin signaling disarrangement in fructose-fed OVX rats and therefore eNOS dysfunction, as well as pro-inflammatory signaling activation, without effect on tissue remodeling, suggesting physical training as a way to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stanisic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Goran Koricanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Milan Kostic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Snjezana Romic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Snezana Tepavcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.,Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Emerson SR, Sciarrillo CM, Kurti SP, Emerson EM, Rosenkranz SK. High-Fat Meal–Induced Changes in Markers of Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Healthy Adults Who Differ by Age and Physical Activity Level. Curr Dev Nutr 2018. [PMCID: PMC6367518 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and angiogenesis are key facets of cardiovascular disease pathophysiology. Age and physical activity level can influence fasting systemic inflammation, but the impact of these factors on postprandial inflammation is unknown. In addition, markers of angiogenesis have never been tested in the context of a single high-fat meal (HFM). Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an HFM on markers of inflammation and angiogenesis in individuals of different ages and physical activity levels. Methods Twenty-two healthy adults—8 younger active (YA) adults (4 men, 4 women; mean ± SD age: 25 ± 5 y), 8 older active (OA) adults (4 men, 4 women; 67 ± 5 y), and 6 older inactive (OI) adults (3 men, 3 women; 68 ± 7 y)—consumed an HFM [63% fat (39% saturated fat, 14% monounsaturated fat, 10% polyunsaturated fat), 34% carbohydrate; 12 kcal/kg body mass; 927 ± 154 kcal]. Fourteen inflammatory and 9 angiogenic markers were measured at baseline and 3 and 6 h postmeal. Results Significant group effects were observed in interleukin (IL)-10 (YA > OA; P = 0.02), IL-23 (YA > OA; P = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (OA < OI; P = 0.04), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C (YA < OA; P = 0.001). IL-8, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor–like growth factor significantly increased, whereas granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, TNF-α, leptin, angiopoietin-2, and follistatin significantly decreased after HFM consumption (P’s < 0.05). Notably, VEGF-A and VEGF-C were significantly higher at 3 h [mean difference: 22.5 pg/mL (VEGF-A); 73.5 pg/mL (VEGF-C)] and 6 h postmeal [mean difference: 26.9 pg/mL (VEGF-A); 81.2 pg/mL (VEGF-C)]. Conclusions A novel finding of this study was the robust increase in VEGF after an HFM. There were also group differences in several inflammatory markers (IL-10 and IL-23 greater in YA than OA, and TNF-α lower in OA than OI) that suggest a potential influence of age and physical activity level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam R Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health
| | | | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
- Department of Kinesiology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA
| | - Emily M Emerson
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium (PAN-CRC), College of Human Ecology
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG: an update on systematic reviews with meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:364-372. [PMID: 29962368 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to re-examine the chronic effect (>7 d) of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG, in adolescents and adults. The research was carried out in March 2017 and used different electronic databases, such as Medline ® (Pubmed®), Embase® and Cochrane. The review considered clinical trials (parallel or crossed) that evaluated the effect of fructose consumption for a period longer than 7 d, in humans. Two investigators independently performed data extraction. The outcome was the absolute delta of TAG concentration in a 4-h postprandial period. The results were presented with delta mean difference between treatments with 95 % CI. The calculations were made based on random-effect models. Statistical heterogeneity of treatment effects between studies was assessed by Cochrane's 'Q Test' and 'I 2' inconsistency test. The meta-analysis of the twelve selected interventions (n 318) showed that fructose generated larger variation (δ) of TAG concentrations during the postprandial period, compared with other carbohydrates (mean difference: 8·02 (95 % CI 0·46, 15·58) mg/dl (0·09 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·18) mmol/l); I 2: 74 %). High heterogeneity was generated almost exclusively by one study, and its withdrawal did not alter the result. We concluded that chronic consumption of fructose (>7 d) has a negative role on postprandial TAG in healthy adolescents and adults, as well as in overweight/obese individuals, but not in diabetics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ludwig DS, Hu FB, Tappy L, Brand-Miller J. Dietary carbohydrates: role of quality and quantity in chronic disease. BMJ 2018; 361:k2340. [PMID: 29898880 PMCID: PMC5996878 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.k2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jennie Brand-Miller
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang TJ, Chiu CH, Tseng MH, Chang CK, Wu CL. The Influence of Pre-Exercise Glucose versus Fructose Ingestion on Subsequent Postprandial Lipemia. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020149. [PMID: 29382142 PMCID: PMC5852725 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of low glycemic index (LGI) carbohydrate (CHO) before exercise induced less insulin response and higher fat oxidation than that of high GI (HGI) CHO during subsequent exercise. However, the effect on the subsequent postprandial lipid profile is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate ingestion of CHO drinks with different GI using fructose and glucose before endurance exercise on the subsequent postprandial lipid profile. Eight healthy active males completed two experimental trials in randomized double-blind cross-over design. All participants ingested 500 mL CHO (75 g) solution either fructose (F) or glucose (G) before running on the treadmill at 60% VO2max for 1 h. Participants were asked to take an oral fat tolerance test (OFTT) immediately after the exercise. Blood samples were obtained for plasma and serum analysis. The F trial was significantly lower than the G trial in TG total area under the curve (AUC; 9.97 ± 3.64 vs. 10.91 ± 3.56 mmol × 6 h/L; p = 0.033) and incremental AUC (6.57 ± 2.46 vs. 7.14 ± 2.64 mmol/L × 6 h, p = 0.004). The current data suggested that a pre-exercise fructose drink showed a lower postprandial lipemia than a glucose drink after the subsequent high-fat meal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Yang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hui Chiu
- Graduate Program in Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hui Tseng
- Sport Science Research Center, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Kang Chang
- Sport Science Research Center, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Lin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Oliveira Sá G, dos Santos Neves V, de Oliveira Fraga SR, Souza-Mello V, Barbosa-da-Silva S. High-intensity interval training has beneficial effects on cardiac remodeling through local renin-angiotensin system modulation in mice fed high-fat or high-fructose diets. Life Sci 2017; 189:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Frantz EDC, Medeiros RF, Giori IG, Lima JBS, Bento-Bernardes T, Gaique TG, Fernandes-Santos C, Fernandes T, Oliveira EM, Vieira CP, Conte-Junior CA, Oliveira KJ, Nobrega ACL. Exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system in fructose-fed rats. Exp Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28626963 DOI: 10.1113/ep085924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What are the effects of exercise training on the hepatic renin-angiotensin system and their contribution to damage resulting from fructose overload in rats? What is the main finding and its importance? Exercise training attenuated the deleterious actions of the angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis and increased expression of the counter-regulatory (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin (1-7)/Mas receptor) axis in the liver. Therefore, our study provides evidence that exercise training modulates the hepatic renin-angiotensin system, which contributes to reducing the progression of metabolic dysfunction and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in fructose-fed rats. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome. We investigated whether the hepatic RAS is modulated by exercise training and whether this modulation improves the deleterious effects of fructose overload in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into (n = 8 each) control (CT), exercise control (CT-Ex), high-fructose (HFr) and exercise high-fructose (HFr-Ex) groups. Fructose-drinking rats received d-fructose (100 g l-1 ). After 2 weeks, CT-Ex and HFr-Ex rats were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at moderate intensity for 8 weeks (60 min day-1 , 4 days per week). We assessed body mass, glucose and lipid metabolism, hepatic histopathology, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity, the angiotensin concentration and the expression profile of proteins affecting the hepatic RAS, gluconeogenesis and inflammation. Neither fructose overload nor exercise training influenced body mass gain and serum ACE and ACE2 activity. The HFr group showed hyperinsulinaemia, but exercise training normalized this parameter. Exercise training was effective in preventing hepatic steatosis and in preventing triacylglycerol and glycogen accumulation. Furthermore, exercise improved the response to the deleterious effects of HFr overload by normalizing the gluconeogenesis pathway and the protein levels of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α. The HFr rats displayed increased hepatic ACE activity and protein expression and angiotensin II concentration, which were attenuated by exercise training. Exercise training restored the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis. Exercise training may favour the counter-regulatory ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis over the classical RAS (ACE/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis), which could be responsible for the reduction of metabolic dysfunction and the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Frauches Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabele Gomes Giori
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Gadioli Gaique
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Paulo Vieira
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Karen Jesus Oliveira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sugar Metabolism in Hummingbirds and Nectar Bats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070743. [PMID: 28704953 PMCID: PMC5537857 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hummingbirds and nectar bats coevolved with the plants they visit to feed on floral nectars rich in sugars. The extremely high metabolic costs imposed by small size and hovering flight in combination with reliance upon sugars as their main source of dietary calories resulted in convergent evolution of a suite of structural and functional traits. These allow high rates of aerobic energy metabolism in the flight muscles, fueled almost entirely by the oxidation of dietary sugars, during flight. High intestinal sucrase activities enable high rates of sucrose hydrolysis. Intestinal absorption of glucose and fructose occurs mainly through a paracellular pathway. In the fasted state, energy metabolism during flight relies on the oxidation of fat synthesized from previously-ingested sugar. During repeated bouts of hover-feeding, the enhanced digestive capacities, in combination with high capacities for sugar transport and oxidation in the flight muscles, allow the operation of the “sugar oxidation cascade”, the pathway by which dietary sugars are directly oxidized by flight muscles during exercise. It is suggested that the potentially harmful effects of nectar diets are prevented by locomotory exercise, just as in human hunter-gatherers who consume large quantities of honey.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bidwell AJ. Chronic Fructose Ingestion as a Major Health Concern: Is a Sedentary Lifestyle Making It Worse? A Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060549. [PMID: 28555043 PMCID: PMC5490528 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, all of which are risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The growing prevelance of metabolic syndrome seems to be an end result of our current lifestyle which promotes high caloric, high-fat foods and minimal physical activity, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. Increased adiposity and physical inactivity may represent the beginning of the appearance of these risk factors. Understanding the metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances associated with diet and exercise habits is a crucial step towards reducing the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Although considerable research has been conducted linking chronic fructose ingestion to the increased prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome risk factors, these studies have mainly been performed on animals, and/or in a post-absorptive state. Further, the magnitude of the effect of fructose may depend on other aspects of the diet, including the total amount of carbohydrates and fats in the diet and the overall consumption of meals. Therefore, the overall aim of this review paper is to examine the effects of a diet high in fructose on postprandial lipidemia, inflammatory markers and glucose tolerance, all risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, an objective is to investigate whether increased physical activity can alter such effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Bidwell
- Department of Health Promotion and Wellness, State University of New York at Oswego, 105G Park Hall, Oswego, NY 13027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fructose Consumption in the Development of Obesity and the Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise on the Hepatic Metabolism. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040405. [PMID: 28425939 PMCID: PMC5409744 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption has been growing exponentially and, concomitant with this, the increase in the incidence of obesity and associated complications has followed the same behavior. Studies indicate that fructose may be a carbohydrate with greater obesogenic potential than other sugars. In this context, the liver seems to be a key organ for understanding the deleterious health effects promoted by fructose consumption. Fructose promotes complications in glucose metabolism, accumulation of triacylglycerol in the hepatocytes, and alterations in the lipid profile, which, associated with an inflammatory response and alterations in the redox state, will imply a systemic picture of insulin resistance. However, physical exercise has been indicated for the treatment of several chronic diseases. In this review, we show how each exercise protocol (aerobic, strength, or a combination of both) promote improvements in the obesogenic state created by fructose consumption as an improvement in the serum and liver lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increase and decrease triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels) and a reduction of markers of inflammation caused by an excess of fructose. Therefore, it is concluded that the practice of aerobic physical exercise, strength training, or a combination of both is essential for attenuating the complications developed by the consumption of fructose.
Collapse
|
18
|
Emerson SR, Kurti SP, Harms CA, Haub MD, Melgarejo T, Logan C, Rosenkranz SK. Magnitude and Timing of the Postprandial Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:213-225. [PMID: 28298267 PMCID: PMC5347112 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Research findings over the past several decades have shown that inflammation is a prominent feature of many chronic diseases, with poor diet being one likely inflammatory stimulus. Specifically, a single high-fat meal (HFM) has been suggested to increase inflammation, although there is currently no consensus with regard to the specific changes in many of the proinflammatory markers that are frequently assessed after an HFM. The aim of this systematic review was to objectively describe the postprandial timing and magnitude of changes in 5 common inflammatory markers: interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-1β, and IL-8. Ten relevant databases were searched, yielding 494 results, of which 47 articles met the pre-established inclusion criteria: 1) healthy men and women aged 18-60 y, 2) consuming a single HFM (≥30% fat, ≥500 kcal), and 3) assessing relevant inflammatory markers postmeal for ≥2 h. The only marker found to consistently change in the postprandial period was IL-6: on average, from a baseline of ∼1.4 pg/mL, it peaked at ∼2.9 pg/mL ∼6 h post-HFM (an average relative change of ∼100%). CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 did not change significantly in 79% (23 of 29), 68% (19 of 28), 67% (2 of 3), and 75% (3 of 4) of included studies, respectively. We conclude that there is strong evidence that CRP and TNF-α are not responsive at the usual time scale observed in postprandial studies in healthy humans younger than age 60 y. However, future research should further investigate the role of IL-6 in the postprandial period, because it routinely increases even in healthy participants. We assert that the findings of this systematic review on markers of inflammation in the postprandial period will considerably aid in informing future research and advancing clinical knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam R Emerson
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and .,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Stephanie P Kurti
- Kinesiology,,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Craig A Harms
- Kinesiology,,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | - Mark D Haub
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| | | | - Cindy Logan
- Academic Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Departments of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health and,Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Metabolic Effects of Glucose-Fructose Co-Ingestion Compared to Glucose Alone during Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020164. [PMID: 28230765 PMCID: PMC5331595 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to compare the metabolic effects of glucose-fructose co-ingestion (GLUFRU) with glucose alone (GLU) in exercising individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Fifteen male individuals with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7.0% ± 0.6% (53 ± 7 mmol/mol)) underwent a 90 min iso-energetic continuous cycling session at 50% VO2max while ingesting combined glucose-fructose (GLUFRU) or glucose alone (GLU) to maintain stable glycaemia without insulin adjustment. GLUFRU and GLU were labelled with 13C-fructose and 13C-glucose, respectively. Metabolic assessments included measurements of hormones and metabolites, substrate oxidation, and stable isotopes. Exogenous carbohydrate requirements to maintain stable glycaemia were comparable between GLUFRU and GLU (p = 0.46). Fat oxidation was significantly higher (5.2 ± 0.2 vs. 2.6 ± 1.2 mg·kg−1·min−1, p < 0.001) and carbohydrate oxidation lower (18.1 ± 0.8 vs. 24.5 ± 0.8 mg·kg−1·min−1p < 0.001) in GLUFRU compared to GLU, with decreased muscle glycogen oxidation in GLUFRU (10.2 ± 0.9 vs. 17.5 ± 1.0 mg·kg−1·min−1, p < 0.001). Lactate levels were higher (2.2 ± 0.2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L, p = 0.012) in GLUFRU, with comparable counter-regulatory hormones between GLUFRU and GLU (p > 0.05 for all). Glucose and insulin levels, and total glucose appearance and disappearance were comparable between interventions. Glucose-fructose co-ingestion may have a beneficial impact on fuel metabolism in exercising individuals with type 1 diabetes without insulin adjustment, by increasing fat oxidation whilst sparing glycogen.
Collapse
|
20
|
Farah D, Nunes J, Sartori M, Dias DDS, Sirvente R, Silva MB, Fiorino P, Morris M, Llesuy S, Farah V, Irigoyen MC, De Angelis K. Exercise Training Prevents Cardiovascular Derangements Induced by Fructose Overload in Developing Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167291. [PMID: 27930685 PMCID: PMC5145255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The risks of chronic diseases associated with the increasing consumption of fructose-laden foods are amplified by the lack of regular physical activity and have become a serious public health issue worldwide. Moreover, childhood eating habits are strongly related to metabolic syndrome in adults. Thus, we aimed to investigate the preventive role of exercise training undertaken concurrently with a high fructose diet on cardiac function, hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress in male rats after weaning. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8/group): Sedentary control (SC), Trained control (TC), Sedentary Fructose (SF) and Trained Fructose (TF). Training was performed on a treadmill (8 weeks, 40–60% of maximum exercise test). Evaluations of cardiac function, hemodynamics, cardiovascular autonomic modulation and oxidative stress in plasma and in left ventricle (LV) were performed. Chronic fructose overload induced glucose intolerance and an increase in white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, in myocardial performance index (MPI) (SF:0.42±0.04 vs. SC:0.24±0.05) and in arterial pressure (SF:122±3 vs. SC:113±1 mmHg) associated with increased cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation. Fructose also induced unfavorable changes in oxidative stress profile (plasmatic protein oxidation- SF:3.30±0.09 vs. SC:1.45±0.08 nmol/mg prot; and LV total antioxidant capacity (TRAP)- SF: 2.5±0.5 vs. SC:12.7±1.7 uM trolox). The TF group showed reduced WAT, glucose intolerance, MPI (0.35±0.04), arterial pressure (118±2mmHg), sympathetic modulation, plasmatic protein oxidation and increased TRAP when compared to SF group. Therefore, our findings indicate that cardiometabolic dysfunctions induced by fructose overload early in life may be prevented by moderate aerobic exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Farah
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonas Nunes
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Sartori
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Sirvente
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maikon B. Silva
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fiorino
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute Neuro Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, United States of America
| | - Susana Llesuy
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vera Farah
- Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular and Renal Physiopharmacology, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Laboratory Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (INCOR), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Laboratory of Translational Physiology, Universidade Nove de Julho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
High fructose diet suppresses exercise-induced increase in AQP7 expression in the in vivo rat heart. Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16:916-922. [PMID: 27182614 PMCID: PMC5324910 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2016.6958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cardiac uptake of fructose is thought to be mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), whereas the uptake of glycerol is facilitated by aquaporin 7 (AQP7). We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fructose diet (HFD) on GLUT5 and AQP7 levels in the rat heart subjected to exercise. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were allocated to control (C; n=11), exercise (E; n=10), HFD (n=12), and HFD plus exercise (HFD-E; n=12) groups. HFD was started 28 days before euthanasia. From day 24 to 27, rats were subjected to moderate exercise, followed by vigorous exercise on day 28 (groups E and HFD-E). Cardiac GLUT5 and AQP7 mRNA levels were determined using RT-PCR. The protein contents of GLUT5 and AQP7 were immunohistochemically assessed. Paired-t, ANOVA with Bonferroni, Kruskal–Wallis, and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: GLUT5 mRNA expression and protein content did not differ between the groups. AQP7 mRNA levels significantly increased (4.8-fold) in group E compared with in group C (p<0.001). Compared with group C, no significant change was observed in AQP7 mRNA levels in groups HFD and HFD-E. The AQP7 staining score in group E was significantly higher than that in groups C (p<0.001), E (p<0.001), and HFD-E (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that exercise enhances cardiac AQP7 mRNA expression and protein content. However, HFD prevents the exercise-induced increase in cardiac AQP7 expression. This inhibitory effect may be related to the competition between fructose and glycerol as energy substrates in the rat heart subjected to 5 days of physical exercise. (Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16: 916-22)
Collapse
|
22
|
Egli L, Lecoultre V, Cros J, Rosset R, Marques AS, Schneiter P, Hodson L, Gabert L, Laville M, Tappy L. Exercise performed immediately after fructose ingestion enhances fructose oxidation and suppresses fructose storage. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:348-55. [PMID: 26702120 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise prevents the adverse effects of a high-fructose diet through mechanisms that remain unknown. OBJECTIVE We assessed the hypothesis that exercise prevents fructose-induced increases in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides by decreasing the fructose conversion into glucose and VLDL-triglyceride and fructose carbon storage into hepatic glycogen and lipids. DESIGN Eight healthy men were studied on 3 occasions after 4 d consuming a weight-maintenance, high-fructose diet. On the fifth day, the men ingested an oral (13)C-labeled fructose load (0.75 g/kg), and their total fructose oxidation ((13)CO2 production), fructose storage (fructose ingestion minus (13)C-fructose oxidation), fructose conversion into blood (13)C glucose (gluconeogenesis from fructose), blood VLDL-(13)C palmitate (a marker of hepatic de novo lipogenesis), and lactate concentrations were monitored over 7 postprandial h. On one occasion, participants remained lying down throughout the experiment [fructose treatment alone with no exercise condition (NoEx)], and on the other 2 occasions, they performed a 60-min exercise either 75 min before fructose ingestion [exercise, then fructose condition (ExFru)] or 90 min after fructose ingestion [fructose, then exercise condition (FruEx)]. RESULTS Fructose oxidation was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the FruEx (80% ± 3% of ingested fructose) than in the ExFru (46% ± 1%) and NoEx (49% ± 1%). Consequently, fructose storage was lower in the FruEx than in the other 2 conditions (P < 0.001). Fructose conversion into blood (13)C glucose, VLDL-(13)C palmitate, and postprandial plasma lactate concentrations was not significantly different between conditions. CONCLUSIONS Compared with sedentary conditions, exercise performed immediately after fructose ingestion increases fructose oxidation and decreases fructose storage. In contrast, exercise performed before fructose ingestion does not significantly alter fructose oxidation and storage. In both conditions, exercise did not abolish fructose conversion into glucose or its incorporation into VLDL triglycerides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01866215.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Egli
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virgile Lecoultre
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Cros
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rosset
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Laure Gabert
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition Rhône-Alpes and European Centre of Nutrition for Health, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition Rhône-Alpes and European Centre of Nutrition for Health, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Stanišić J, Korićanac G, Ćulafić T, Romić S, Stojiljković M, Kostić M, Pantelić M, Tepavčević S. Low intensity exercise prevents disturbances in rat cardiac insulin signaling and endothelial nitric oxide synthase induced by high fructose diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 420:97-104. [PMID: 26644274 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increase in fructose consumption together with decrease in physical activity contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome and consequently cardiovascular diseases. The current study examined the preventive role of exercise on defects in cardiac insulin signaling and function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in fructose fed rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, sedentary fructose (received 10% fructose for 9 weeks) and exercise fructose (additionally exposed to low intensity exercise) groups. Concentration of triglycerides, glucose, insulin and visceral adipose tissue weight were determined to estimate metabolic syndrome development. Expression and/or phosphorylation of cardiac insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), tyrosine-specific protein phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), Akt, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and eNOS were evaluated. Fructose overload increased visceral adipose tissue, insulin concentration and homeostasis model assessment index. Exercise managed to decrease visceral adiposity and insulin level and to increase insulin sensitivity. Fructose diet increased level of cardiac PTP1B and pIRS1 (Ser307), while levels of IR and ERK1/2, as well as pIRS1 (Tyr 632), pAkt (Ser473, Thr308) and pERK1/2 were decreased. These disturbances were accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177. Exercise managed to prevent most of the disturbances in insulin signaling caused by fructose diet (except phosphorylation of IRS1 at Tyr 632 and phosphorylation and protein expression of ERK1/2) and consequently restored function of eNOS. Low intensity exercise could be considered as efficient treatment of cardiac insulin resistance induced by fructose diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stanišić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Ćulafić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snježana Romić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljković
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kostić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Tepavčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jaworski CA. Latest Clinical Research Published by ACSM. Curr Sports Med Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|