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Sanmarchi F, Scheier LM, Dallolio L, Ricci M, Longo G, Ceciliani A, Masini A. Association of Socioeconomic Factors and Physical Activity with Health-Related Quality of Life in Italian Middle School Children: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2092. [PMID: 37510533 PMCID: PMC10379006 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides a broad assessment of an individual's well-being and can serve as a good prognosticator of life's outcomes later for children and adolescents. Understanding the factors associated with HRQoL is crucial for promoting better health and life satisfaction. This study investigated the cross-sectional association of socioeconomic status, cardio fitness, and physical activity levels with HRQoL in 224 Italian early adolescents attending secondary school in the Emilia-Romagna region located in Northern Italy. In a multivariate path regression model, younger students and females reported a higher quality of life (β = -0.139, p = 0.015, 95% CI: -0.254--0.023 and β = 0.142, p = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.011-0.273, respectively). Having both parents employed and having a higher familiar educational status were also associated with a higher quality of life (β = 0.142, p = 0.013, 95% CI 0.027-0.257 and β = 0.133, p = 0.017, 95% CI 0.022-0.244, respectively). Greater engagement in routine physical activity levels from moderate to vigorous intensity was positively associated with quality of life (β = 0.429, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.304-0.554). Endurance (speed) was positively associated with quality of life (β = 0.221, p = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.087-0.355), and students with longer times on the shuttle run reported less quality of life (β = -0.207, p = 0.002, 95% CI: -0.337--0.077). These relations remained intact even when controlling for socioeconomic factors. The current findings reinforce the importance of promoting regular physical activity among younger children and also addressing socioeconomic status disparities to improve children's well-being. Future studies may want to consider expanding the array of measures used to assess physical activity and include additional measures assessing nutrition, cultural factors, and family functioning, all of which can influence a child's willingness to engage in physical activity and their well-being. The emphasis on fitness and physical activity and their contribution to a child's well-being should be the prime focus for stakeholders who work in the education, public health, and health policy sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sanmarchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lawrence M Scheier
- LARS Research Institute, Inc., Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
- Prevention Strategies, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA
| | - Laura Dallolio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Longo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ceciliani
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Campus of Rimini, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alice Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont (UNIUPO), Via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
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D'Anna G, Lucherini Angeletti L, Benvenuti F, Melani G, Ferroli M, Poli F, Villano RG, Ricca V, Rotella F. The association between sport type and eating/body image concerns in high school students: a cross-sectional observational study. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:43. [PMID: 37195394 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Disordered eating and body image concerns are increasingly common among adolescents, possibly representing the underpinning of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional observational study aimed at investigating the relationship between various patterns of sports involvement or inactivity, and the abovementioned psychopathological dimensions. METHODS All adolescents attending their 3rd-5th Italian grade in a single high school reported their sociodemographic and anthropometric data, their weekly sports involvement, and filled the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q), the Body Uneasiness Test, and the Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory (for boys). Comparisons were performed considering sex, weekly hours of activity, and different sports type (none, individual, or team sports). RESULTS Of 744 enrolled students, 522 (70.2%) completed the survey. Girls showed higher underweight rates, preference for inactivity or individual sports, and higher psychometric scores compared to boys. Among girls, no differences were found based on time spent exercising or sports type. Inactive boys displayed worse weight- and shape-based psychopathology, higher body uneasiness, and higher appearance intolerance compared to those who devoted more time to exercise. Among boys, individual and team sports were associated with lower EDE-Q scores compared to inactivity, whereas body uneasiness and appearance intolerance were lower only in team sports. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms the presence of remarkable sex differences in eating and body concerns of adolescents. Among boys, sports involvement is tied to lower ED psychopathology, and preference for team sports may be associated with reduced concerns. Wider longitudinal studies on will clarify the direction and specificity of these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V-Cross-sectional observational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio D'Anna
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lucherini Angeletti
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Benvenuti
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Melani
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Ferroli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Poli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Giulia Villano
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Rotella
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Pinto-Escalona T, Valenzuela PL, Esteban-Cornejo I, Martínez-de-Quel Ó. Sport Participation and Academic Performance in Young Elite Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15651. [PMID: 36497726 PMCID: PMC9737165 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Strong evidence supports physical activity and fitness levels being positively associated with cognitive performance and overall academic performance in youth. This also applies to sports participation. However, whether participation in sports at the elite level is associated with greater academic performance remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the academic performance of young elite athletes to that of control students, as well as to analyze whether the type of sport mediates these results. Between 2010 and 2019, all students from the last Baccalaureate course of the Spanish Elite Sport High School-which also includes non-elite athletes and recreational athlete students, who were categorized as controls-participated in this study. Academic performance was assessed through both the grade point average of the two last Baccalaureate courses and through the average grades from the University Entrance Examinations. Athletes were categorized attending to different sport classifications. A total of 1126 adolescents (570 girls, 18.2 ± 0.6 years) participated in the study, of which 483 and 643 were categorized as elite athletes and control students, respectively. Elite athletes attained a lower overall academic performance than controls (p < 0.001), which was confirmed for both sexes (p < 0.001). These differences were separately confirmed for most academic subjects (p < 0.05), as well as when attending to different sport classifications (all p > 0.05). Young elite athletes attained a lower academic performance than their non-elite peers, regardless of their type of sport. These findings highlight the importance of programs aimed at facilitating dual careers among young elite athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Pinto-Escalona
- Didactics of Languages, Arts and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L. Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (IMAS12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Martínez-de-Quel
- Didactics of Languages, Arts and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Education, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sciences for Physical Activity and Sport (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sekulic D, Ostojic D, Decelis A, Castro-Piñero J, Jezdimirovic T, Drid P, Ostojic L, Gilic B. The Impact of Scholastic Factors on Physical Activity Levels during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Prospective Study on Adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100877. [PMID: 34682142 PMCID: PMC8534587 DOI: 10.3390/children8100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Scholastic factors (academic achievement) are hypothesized to be important determinants of health-related behaviors in adolescents, but there is a lack of knowledge on their influence on physical activity levels (PAL), especially considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposed lockdown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between scholastic factors and PAL before and during the pandemic lockdown. The participants were adolescents form Bosnia and Herzegovina (n = 525, 46% females), who were observed prospectively at the baseline (before the pandemic lockdown) and during the lockdown in 2020 (follow-up). The scholastic factors (grade point average, behavioral grade, school absences, unexcused absences) were evidenced at the baseline (predictors). The outcome (PAL) was evaluated using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents at the baseline and the follow-up. Gender, age, parental/familial conflict, and sport participation were observed as confounders. No significant influence of the predictors on PAL were evidenced at the baseline or at the follow-up. The scholastic variables were significantly associated with the changes of PAL which occurred due to pandemic lockdown, with a lower risk for negative changes in PAL among adolescents who were better in school (OR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.34–0.81, and OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.34–0.97, for the grade point average and behavioral grade, respectively). Students who do well in school are probably more aware of the health benefits of proper PAL, and therefore are devoted to the maintenance of their PAL even during the home-confinement of lockdown. Public health authorities should focus more on helping adolescents to understand the importance and benefits of proper PAL throughout the school system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (L.O.)
| | - Daria Ostojic
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Andrew Decelis
- Faculty of Education, Institute for Physical Education and Sport, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Avenida República Saharaui s/n, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Tatjana Jezdimirovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.J.); (P.D.)
| | - Ljerka Ostojic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (L.O.)
- School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (D.S.); (L.O.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Mielke GI, Menezes AMB, da Silva BGC, Ekelund U, Crochemore-Silva I, Wehrmeister FC, Gonçalves H, Brown WJ. Associations between Device-measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in the Transition to Early Adulthood. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2076-2085. [PMID: 33966000 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES The aims of this study were to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and cardiometabolic health in the transition to adulthood. METHODS Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analysed (N=2,280). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA, measured using a triaxial accelerometer) and cardiometabolic health (total fat mass, blood glucose, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and mean resting blood pressure) were examined at age 18 and 22 yr. RESULTS Overall, inverse dose-response associations between MVPA and cardiometabolic health at age 18 and 22 yr were observed in cross-sectional analyses of data from males and females. Prospective analyses showed that, in general, MVPA declined, and cardiometabolic health worsened in this 4-yr period in both males and females. Cardiometabolic health at age 22 reflected both MVPA at age 18 [β: -0.007 (95% CI: -0.014; 0.000)] and changes in MVPA from 18 to 22 yr [β: -0.030 (95% CI: -0.043; -0.016)] in males, but only changes in MVPA in females [β: -0.035 (95% CI: -0.058; -0.011)]. In analyses of change over time, males who improved MVPA by 20-30 min per day showed significant improvements in cardiometabolic health over 4 yr. The magnitude of association was slightly stronger for MVPA in 10-min bouts than for MVPA accumulated in bouts of 1-min, especially in females. CONCLUSION MVPA is an important predictor of cardiometabolic health in early adulthood. Strategies to prevent declines in MVPA at this life stage are required to prevent deteriorating cardiometabolic health profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregore I Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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6
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Alexandru MA, Jürgen B, Arash M, Guillaume M, Lorand B. Influence of Organized vs Non Organized Physical Activity on School Adaptation Behavior. Front Psychol 2020; 11:550952. [PMID: 33329181 PMCID: PMC7711162 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.550952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that physical activity has positive effects on both physical and mental health. However, the influence of organized physical activity (i.e., programs controlled and supervised by a trainer) on school adaptive behavior of adolescents with disabilities and/or behavioral disorders remains unclear. School behavior adaptation involves the ability to learn, conform to school norms and manage school activities without major behavior conflicts. A cross-sectional study was conducted to test the differences between organized physical activity and non-organized physical activity in an after school program. Eighty Romanian adolescents were recruited and allocated to three groups: (a) with disabilities [Ds; N = 17, Mage = 14.55 years (SD = 1.16), 12 males and 5 females], (b) with conduct disorders [CDs, N = 21, Mage = 14.52 years (SD = 1.11) 16 males and 5 females], and (c) participants who had not shown signs of conduct disorders or disabilities [as a control group; N = 42, Mage = 14.2 years (SD = 0.46) 20 males and 22 females]. Personality traits, school behavior, and sensorimotor coordination were assessed by using the Eysenck personality questionnaire—junior scale, school in-adaptability questionnaire scale, and Vienna Test System Sport (SMK—sensorimotor coordination test) respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA (3 × 3) and discriminant analysis were used to examine differences between the psychological and sensorimotor coordination outcomes across three groups and three types of physical activity context: (a) organized physical activity, (b) non-organized physical activity, and (c) no physical activity. The findings indicate that not participating in an organized physical activity program results in a reduced level of physical mobility and consequently is associated with maladaptive social and psychological outcomes. Thus, we argued that attending in an organized physical activity program is more beneficial for participants with disabilities and/or behavior disorders, due to an increase in the probability of school integration and development of their motor skills. Clearly more research is needed in order to investigate these effects in neurophysiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moşoi A Alexandru
- Department of Psychology, Education and Teacher Training, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
| | - Beckmann Jürgen
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences (PESS), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mirifar Arash
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martinent Guillaume
- Laboratory of Vulnerabilities and Innovation in Sport, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Balint Lorand
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
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Soroka A, Godlewska A, Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk E, Kozioł P. Identification of motives and barriers to physical activity of polish young mothers. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:197. [PMID: 32917211 PMCID: PMC7488306 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to determine the level of physical activity of young mothers living in rural and urban areas and their free time budget. The article also aims to indicate motivating factors and barriers encountered during physical activity. METHODS A diagnostic survey method, including two survey IPAQ questionnaires - the long version and author's questionnaire, has been applied in the study. A representative sample consisted of 1064 young mothers who gave birth in 2017. Student T test and discriminate function analysis have been used in statistical analysis. RESULTS No significant difference appeared between young mothers from rural areas and urban areas in the level of physical activity. At the same time, the authors of the study identified several smaller differences when analyzing particular aspects of physical activity. Young mothers from rural areas more often declared their participation in physical activity to improve their physical condition and reduce pain complaints. On the other hand, young mothers from urban areas emphasized that physical activity helps them to strengthen self-confidence and improve their position in the family. In case of the main barriers to physical activity, both group of respondents pointed to the lack of money and interest in occasional events. CONCLUSIONS The main conclusion is that more efforts are needed is to strengthen family support and material status of young families. It is also important to eliminate infrastructure barriers, mostly in rural areas and raise awareness on the importance of health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Soroka
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Godlewska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Krzęcio-Nieczyporuk
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Paulina Kozioł
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, B. Prusa 14 st., 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
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Baptista Menezes AM, Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC, Anselmi L, Gonçalves H, Martorell R, Black RE, Barros FC, Victora CG. Associations between growth from birth to 18 years, intelligence, and schooling in a Brazilian cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:187-194. [PMID: 32239193 PMCID: PMC7326584 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth faltering in the first 1000 d is associated with lower human capital among adults. The existence of a second window of opportunity for nutritional interventions during adolescence has been postulated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to verify the associations between growth from birth to 18 y and intelligence and schooling in a cohort. METHODS A total of 5249 hospital-born infants in Pelotas, Brazil, were enrolled during 1993. Follow-up visits to random subsamples took place at 6, 12, and 48 mo and to the full cohort at 11, 15, and 18 y. Weight and length/height were collected in all visits. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was applied at age 18 y, and primary school completion was recorded. Conditional length/height and conditional BMI were calculated and expressed as z scores according to the WHO Growth Standards. These express the difference between observed and expected size at a given age based on a regression that includes earlier anthropometric measures. Analyses were adjusted for income, parental education, maternal skin color and smoking, and breastfeeding duration. RESULTS In the adjusted analyses, participants with conditional length ≥1 z score at 1 y had mean intelligence quotient (IQ) scores at 18 y 4.50 points (95% CI: 1.08, 7.92) higher than those with conditional length ≤-1 at 1 y. For height-for-age at 4 y, this difference was equal to 3.70 (95% CI: 0.49, 6.90) IQ points. There were no associations between conditional height at 11, 15, or 18 y and IQ. For the same previously mentioned comparison, the prevalence ratio for less than primary schooling was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.80) for conditional height at 1 y. There were no consistent associations with conditional BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that adolescent growth is not associated with intelligence and schooling, and are consistent with the literature on the associations between intelligence and schooling and early linear growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula D Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Anselmi
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fernando C Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cesar G Victora
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Calestine J, Bopp M, Bopp CM, Papalia Z. College Student Work Habits are Related to Physical Activity and Fitness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2017; 10:1009-1017. [PMID: 29170702 PMCID: PMC5685070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the known benefits of regular physical activity, research shows a significant decline in physical activity participation and an increase in sedentary behavior during young adulthood during the college years. Studies examining the relationship between academic outcomes and fitness/physical activity have not extensively examined this among college students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fitness measures (cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, flexibility and body composition), physical activity, and academic outcomes in college students. This cross-sectional study had college students complete a one-time fitness assessment and survey examining their physical activity and academic factors (GPA, study habits, course load). Correlations examined relationships between fitness, physical activity and academic outcomes, t-tests compared differences for fitness and behavioral outcomes between groups by academic factors. The final sample (n=512) was 50.4% male, 78% Non-Hispanic White, and 67% upperclassmen. The majority (76%) of participants reported meeting current PA guidelines. Hours of studying and social media use were both positively associated with body fat. Course load was negatively associated with vigorous activity. Study time was negatively associated with cardiovascular endurance, positively associated with hip flexibility and sedentary behavior. Higher GPA was associated with a higher BMI and a higher credit load was associated with less vigorous physical activity. These findings indicated that academic outcomes and physical activity may have a different relationship among college students compared with younger age groups. This study provides insight for the development of future campus-based health initiatives to have a shared focus of academic outcomes and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Calestine
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, 16802, USA
| | - Melissa Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christopher M Bopp
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zack Papalia
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA, 16802, USA
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10
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Towne SD, Ory MG, Smith ML, Peres SC, Pickens AW, Mehta RK, Benden M. Accessing physical activity among young adults attending a university: the role of sex, race/ethnicity, technology use, and sleep. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:721. [PMID: 28923052 PMCID: PMC5604184 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying factors associated with recommended physical activity (PA) levels are critical in efforts to combat the obesity epidemic and related comorbidities. Methods We conducted cross-sectional analyses of college students (n = 490) enrolled in a large southern state university in October of 2014. Our aim was to identify sociodemographic characteristics, technology use, and sleep patterns among college students and their independent relationship to recommended PA. An online survey was sent to all enrolled students. Logistic regression predicted achieving recommended ≥150 min per week of moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) versus not (≤149 min MVPA). Results Approximately 69% of study participants were males, 18% were Hispanic, and more than half (60%) were within the normal body mass index (12% were obese). The average age of students was 21 years. On a daily average, individuals used smartphones most often (nearly 4.4 h), followed by laptops at 4.0 h, desktops at 1.2 h, and tablets at 0.6 h. The mean number of hours individuals reported sleeping was 6.7. Sociodemographic factors associated with reporting ≥150 min of MVPA included being male (OR = 4.0, 95% CI 2.2–7.1) versus female, being non-Hispanic White (OR = 1.8, CI 1.1–3.2) versus being a member of minority race group. Behavioral factors associated with reporting ≥150 min of MVPA included technology use (being moderate-heavy (OR = 2.3, CI 1.1–4.8) or heavy (OR = 3.4, CI 1.6–7.5) users of technology), and receiving low-moderate (OR = 1.9, 1.01–3.7) levels of sleep versus the lowest level of sleep. Conclusions In the current study, minority status and being female were the strongest sociodemographic factors associated with inadequate PA levels, while high technology use (primarily driven by smartphone use) were associated with recommended PA levels. Identifying factors associated with being physically active will allow for targeted interventions to improve the health of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Towne
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.
| | - Marcia G Ory
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA
| | - Matthew Lee Smith
- Center for Population Health and Aging & Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.,Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, College of Public Health, The University of Georgia, 330 River Road, 315 Ramsey Center, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - S Camille Peres
- Texas A&M Ergonomics Center & Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA
| | - Adam W Pickens
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.,Texas A&M Ergonomics Center & Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA
| | - Ranjana K Mehta
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA.,Texas A&M Ergonomics Center & Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA
| | - Mark Benden
- Texas A&M Ergonomics Center & Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-1266, USA
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Hjorth MF, Sørensen LB, Andersen R, Dyssegaard CB, Ritz C, Tetens I, Michaelsen KF, Astrup A, Egelund N, Sjödin A. Normal weight children have higher cognitive performance - Independent of physical activity, sleep, and diet. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:398-404. [PMID: 27570193 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Aside from the health consequences, observational studies indicate that being overweight may also negatively affect cognitive function. However, existing evidence has to a large extent not controlled for the possible confounding effect of having different lifestyles. Therefore, the objective was to examine the independent associations between weight status and lifestyle indicators with cognitive performance in 8-11year old Danish children. SUBJECTS/METHODS The analyses included 828 children (measured in 2011-2012) each having one to three measurement occasions separated by approximately 100days. Dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration were measured using dietary records and accelerometers. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was used to access sleep problems and the Andersen test was carried out to estimate cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF). Weight status (underweight, normal weight, and overweight/obese) was defined according to body mass index and cognitive performance was assessed using the d2-test of attention, a reading test, and a math test. A linear mixed model including a number of fixed and random effects was used to test associations between lifestyle indicators as well as BMI category and cognitive performance. RESULTS After adjustment for demographics, socioeconomics, and multiple lifestyle indicators, normal weight children had higher cognitive test scores than overweight/obese and underweight children of up to 89% and 48% of expected learning within one school year (P<0.05). Daily breakfast consumption, fewer sleep problems, higher CRF, less total physical activity, more sedentary time, and less light physical activity were associated with higher cognitive performance independently of each other in at least one of the three cognitive tests (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Normal weight children had higher cognitive performance compared to overweight/obese as well as underweight children, independent of multiple lifestyle indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads F Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Louise B Sørensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Andersen
- Division of Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Ritz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Tetens
- Division of Nutrition, The National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kim F Michaelsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Egelund
- Department of Education, Faculty of Arts, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Anders Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Badura P, Sigmund E, Madarasova Geckova A, Sigmundova D, Sirucek J, van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Is Participation in Organized Leisure-Time Activities Associated with School Performance in Adolescence? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153276. [PMID: 27073841 PMCID: PMC4830594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organized leisure-time activities (OLTA) have been identified as a context suitable for improvement of school performance. This study aimed to assess the associations between participation in OLTA and school engagement, school-related stress, academic achievement and whether these associations differ by specific pattern of OLTA participation, gender and age. Furthermore, it assessed whether OLTA participants are more likely to acquire support for schoolwork from outside the family. METHODS The sample concerned 10,483 adolescents (49.2% boys) aged 11, 13 and 15 from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children data collection in 2014 in the Czech Republic. Logistic regressions adjusted for gender and age were used to analyse the associations between participation in OLTA and four education-related outcomes. RESULTS Participation in OLTA was associated with higher school engagement, lower levels of school-related stress and better academic achievement regardless of gender and age. The strongest associations were observed for adolescents involved in various types of OLTA concurrently, with odds ratios ranging from 1.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-1.54) for lower school-related stress to 1.97 (95% CI 1.73-2.25) for above-average academic achievement. OLTA participants were also more likely to have a non-familial person to help them with schoolwork, though this association was weaker in 15-year-olds. CONCLUSION Youth involvement in OLTA is linked to general better school performance and attachment to school. Adolescents participating in more activities at the same time have the best school performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Badura
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Erik Sigmund
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Madarasova Geckova
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Olomouc University for Society and Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Sigmundova
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sirucek
- Institute for Research of Children, Youth and Family, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitse P. van Dijk
- Olomouc University for Society and Health Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sijmen A. Reijneveld
- Department of Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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The Association between Health Behaviours and Academic Performance in Canadian Elementary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:14857-71. [PMID: 26610537 PMCID: PMC4661684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121114857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Establishing early healthy eating and physical activity behaviours is critical in supporting children’s long-term health and well-being. The objective of the current paper was to examine the association between health behaviours and academic performance in elementary school students in a school board in Nova Scotia, Canada. Methods: Our population-based study included students in grades 4–6 across 18 schools in a rural school board. Diet and physical activity were assessed through validated instruments. Academic performance measures were obtained from the school board for Mathematics and English Language Arts (ELA). Associations between health behaviours and academic performance were assessed using multilevel logistic regression. Results: Students with unhealthy lifestyle behaviours were more likely to have poor academic performance for both ELA and Mathematics compared to students with healthy lifestyle behaviours; associations were statistically significant for diet quality, physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption for ELA; and breakfast skipping, not being physically active at morning recess, and not being physically active after school for Mathematics. The effects of diet and physical activity were independent of each other and there was no interaction between the two exposures. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that support for healthy behaviours may help to improve academic outcomes of students.
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