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Binvignat M, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, Felson DT. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:565-584. [PMID: 39112603 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01143-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity has a pivotal and multifaceted role in pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA), extending beyond the mechanistic influence of BMI. It exerts its effects both directly and indirectly through various modifiable risk factors associated with OA-related pain. Adipose tissue dysfunction is highly involved in OA-related pain through local and systemic inflammation, immune dysfunction, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Adipose tissue dysfunction is intricately connected with metabolic syndrome, which independently exerts specific effects on OA-related pain, distinct from its association with BMI. The interplay among obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic syndrome influences OA-related pain through diverse pain mechanisms, including nociceptive pain, peripheral sensitization and central sensitization. These complex interactions contribute to the heightened pain experience observed in individuals with OA and obesity. In addition, pain management strategies are less efficient in individuals with obesity. Importantly, therapeutic interventions targeting obesity and metabolic syndrome hold promise in managing OA-related pain. A deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between obesity, metabolic syndrome and OA-related pain is crucial and could have important implications for improving pain management and developing innovative therapeutic options in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Binvignat
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_959, I3 Lab Immunology Immunopathology Immunotherapy, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Sellam
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France.
| | - Francis Berenbaum
- Department of Rheumatology, Sorbonne University, AP-HP Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU, Paris, France
| | - David T Felson
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Boston, MA, USA
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Ceylan Hİ, Silva AF, Ramirez-Campillo R, Murawska-Ciałowicz E. Exploring the Effect of Acute and Regular Physical Exercise on Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Individuals with Obesity: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:323. [PMID: 38785805 PMCID: PMC11117522 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health concern linked to cognitive impairment and neurological disorders. Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein crucial for neuronal growth and survival, plays a vital role in brain function and plasticity. Notably, obese individuals tend to exhibit lower BDNF levels, potentially contributing to cognitive decline. Physical exercise offers health benefits, including improved circulating BDNF levels and cognitive function, but the specific impacts of acute versus regular exercise on circulating BDNF levels in obesity are unclear. Understanding this can guide interventions to enhance brain health and counter potential cognitive decline in obese individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of acute and regular physical exercise on circulating BDNF in individuals with obesity. The target population comprised individuals classified as overweight or obese, encompassing both acute and chronic protocols involving all training methods. A comprehensive search was conducted across computerized databases, including PubMed, Academic Search Complete, and Web of Science, in August 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Initially, 98 studies were identified, from which 16 studies, comprising 23 trials, met the selection criteria. Substantial heterogeneity was observed for both acute (I2 = 80.4%) and long-term effects (I2 = 88.7%), but low risk of bias for the included studies. A single session of exercise increased circulating BDNF levels among obese patients compared to the control group (ES = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.19 to 2.30, p = 0.021). However, with extended periods of physical exercise, there was no significant increase in circulating BDNF levels when compared to the control group (ES = 0.49, 95% CI = -0.08 to 1.06, p = 0.089). These findings highlight the need to consider exercise duration and type when studying neurobiological responses in obesity and exercise research. The study's results have implications for exercise prescription in obesity management and highlight the need for tailored interventions to optimize neurotrophic responses. Future research should focus on elucidating the adaptive mechanisms and exploring novel strategies to enhance BDNF modulation through exercise in this population. However, further research is needed considering limitations such as the potential age-related confounding effects due to diverse participant ages, lack of sex-specific analyses, and insufficient exploration of how specific exercise parameters (e.g., duration, intensity, type) impact circulating BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil İbrahim Ceylan
- Physical Education and Sports Teaching Department, Kazim Karabekir Faculty of Education, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile;
| | - Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland;
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Jemni M, Zaman R, Carrick FR, Clarke ND, Marina M, Bottoms L, Matharoo JS, Ramsbottom R, Hoffman N, Groves SJ, Gu Y, Konukman F. Exercise improves depression through positive modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A review based on 100 manuscripts over 20 years. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1102526. [PMID: 36969600 PMCID: PMC10030936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to explore the relevant neurobiology and the association between peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and acute and short to long-term exercise regimes, as well as its relation to depression and antidepressant treatment. A 20-year literature search was conducted. The screening process resulted in 100 manuscripts. Antidepressants as well as acute exercise, particularly high-intensity, elevates BDNF in healthy humans and clinical populations, as evidenced from aerobic and resistance-based studies. Although exercise is increasingly recognised in the management of depression, acute and short-term exercise studies have failed to establish a relationship between the severity of depression and changes in peripheral BDNF. The latter rapidly returns to baseline, possibly indicating a quick re-uptake by the brain, aiding its neuroplasticity functions. The timescale of administration needed for the antidepressants to stimulate biochemical changes is longer than similar increases with acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monèm Jemni
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Monèm Jemni, ; Yaodong Gu,
| | - Rashid Zaman
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick Robert Carrick
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
- Centre for Mental Health Research in association with The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, United states
- MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Neil David Clarke
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Marina
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Sport Performance, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lindsay Bottoms
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger Ramsbottom
- Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norman Hoffman
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
| | - Shad James Groves
- The Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cape Canaveral, FL, United States
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Physical Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Monèm Jemni, ; Yaodong Gu,
| | - Ferman Konukman
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Differential biochemical-inflammatory patterns in the astrocyte-neuron axis of the hippocampus and frontal cortex in Wistar rats with metabolic syndrome induced by high fat or carbohydrate diets. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kackley ML, Brownlow ML, Buga A, Crabtree CD, Sapper TN, O’Connor A, Volek JS. The effects of a 6-week controlled, hypocaloric ketogenic diet, with and without exogenous ketone salts, on cognitive performance and mood states in overweight and obese adults. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:971144. [PMID: 36248655 PMCID: PMC9563373 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.971144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ketogenic diets are a commonly used weight loss method, but little is known how variations in sodium content and ketones influence cognition and mood during the early keto-adaptation period. Objectives To investigate the effects of an exogenous ketone salt (KS) as part of a hypocaloric KD on mood and cognitive outcomes in overweight and obese adults. A secondary objective was to evaluate changes in biochemical markers associated with inflammatory and cognitive responses. Materials and methods Adults who were overweight or obese participated in a 6-week controlled-feeding intervention comparing hypocaloric diets (∼75% of energy expenditure). KD groups received twice daily ketone salt (KD + KS; n = 12) or a flavor-matched placebo, free of minerals (KD + PL; n = 13). A separate group of age and BMI matched adults were later assigned to an isoenergetic low-fat diet (LFD; n = 12) as comparison to KD. Mood was assessed by shortened Profile of Mood States and Visual Analog Mood Scale surveys. Cognitive function was determined by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics mental test battery. Results Both KD groups achieved nutritional ketosis. Fasting serum glucose decreased in both KD groups, whereas glucose was unaffected in the LFD. Insulin decreased at week 2 and remained lower in all groups. At week 2, depression scores in the KD + PL group were higher compared to KD + KS. Performance in the math processing and go/no-go cognitive tests were lower for KD + PL and LFD participants, respectively, compared to KD + KS. Serum leptin levels decreased for all groups throughout the study but were higher for KD + KS group at week 6. Serum TNF-α steadily increased for LFD participants, reaching significance at week 6. Conclusion During a short-term hypocaloric diet, no indication of a consistent decline in mood or cognitive function were seen in participants following either KD, despite KD + PL being relatively low in sodium. WK2 scores of “anger” and “depression” were higher in the LFD and KD + PL groups, suggesting that KS may attenuate negative mood parameters during the early intervention stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Kackley
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Milene L. Brownlow
- Research and Development Department, Metagenics Inc., Gig Harbor, WA, United States
| | - Alex Buga
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chris D. Crabtree
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Teryn N. Sapper
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Annalouise O’Connor
- Research and Development Department, Metagenics Inc., Gig Harbor, WA, United States
| | - Jeff S. Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeff S. Volek,
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Kackley ML, Buga A, Crabtree CD, Sapper TN, McElroy CA, Focht BC, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS. Influence of Nutritional Ketosis Achieved through Various Methods on Plasma Concentrations of Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091143. [PMID: 36138878 PMCID: PMC9496887 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) expression is decreased in conditions associated with cognitive decline as well as metabolic diseases. One potential strategy to improve metabolic health and elevate BDNF is by increasing circulating ketones. Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB) stimulates BDNF expression, but the association of circulating BHB and plasma BDNF in humans has not been widely studied. Here, we present results from three studies that evaluated how various methods of inducing ketosis influenced plasma BDNF in humans. Study 1 determined BDNF responses to a single bout of high-intensity cycling after ingestion of a dose of ketone salts in a group of healthy adults who were habitually consuming either a mixed diet or a ketogenic diet. Study 2 compared how a ketogenic diet versus a mixed diet impacts BDNF levels during a 12-week resistance training program in healthy adults. Study 3 examined the effects of a controlled hypocaloric ketogenic diet, with and without daily use of a ketone-salt, on BDNF levels in overweight/obese adults. We found that (1) fasting plasma BDNF concentrations were lower in keto-adapted versus non keto-adapted individuals, (2) intense cycling exercise was a strong stimulus to rapidly increase plasma BDNF independent of ketosis, and (3) clinically significant weight loss was a strong stimulus to decrease fasting plasma BDNF independent of diet composition or level of ketosis. These results highlight the plasticity of plasma BDNF in response to lifestyle factors but does not support a strong association with temporally matched BHB concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison L. Kackley
- Department of Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alex Buga
- Department of Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chris D. Crabtree
- Department of Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Teryn N. Sapper
- Department of Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Craig A. McElroy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, 06 The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Brian C. Focht
- Department of Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - William J. Kraemer
- Department of Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeff S. Volek
- Department of Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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Selvaraju V, Babu JR, Geetha T. Salivary Neurotrophins Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor Associated with Childhood Obesity: A Multiplex Magnetic Luminescence Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051130. [PMID: 35626286 PMCID: PMC9140051 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked with higher inflammatory markers and is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. Neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF), in addition to their neuronal functions, act on several immune cells and have been recently designated as metabokines due to their regulatory role in energy homeostasis and food intake. The current study evaluates the salivary BDNF and β-NGF and their association with anthropometric measurement, blood pressure, and salivary insulin in children. Anthropometric measurements and saliva samples were obtained from 76 children, aged 6–10 years. Multiplex analysis was carried out for the salivary analysis of BDNF, NGF, and insulin by human magnetic Luminex performance assay. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze the best fit diagnostic value for biomarkers and the relationship of the neurotrophic levels of BDNF and NGF with obesity measures and blood pressure. Salivary BDNF and β-NGF showed a significantly higher concentration in obese children than normal-weight children. Both neurotrophins are positively associated with obesity anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and salivary insulin. Multinominal regression analysis reported a significant association between salivary BDNF, β-NGF, insulin, and systolic pressure adjusted for age, gender, income, and maternal education. The salivary concentration of BDNF and NGF was higher in obese children, and it is positively associated with anthropometric measures, suggesting that neurotrophins can be used as a non-invasive predictor of obesity-related complications in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaithinathan Selvaraju
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (V.S.); (J.R.B.)
| | - Jeganathan R. Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (V.S.); (J.R.B.)
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (V.S.); (J.R.B.)
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-844-7418
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Ogando PHM, Silveira-Rodrigues JG, Melo BP, Campos BT, Silva ADC, Barbosa EG, Aleixo IMS, Soares DD. Effects of high- and moderate-intensity resistance training sessions on glycemia of insulin-treated and non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ferreira BDS, Pereira RD, Silva DPD, Ferreira AC, Mostarda C, Brito-Monzani JDO. Effects of resistance training in elderly women with cognitive decline. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: With aging, it is common for some changes to occur in different areas of cognition, such as memory, executive function, language and psychomotor speed. However, regular physical activity has been described as an excellent way to alleviate the degeneration caused by aging within the various physical, psychological and social domains. Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training in elderly women with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Experimental study with 31 sedentary elderly women divided into control (CG; n=15) and resistance training (RTG; n=16) groups who underwent assessment of anthropometric measures, body composition, maximum strength, heart rate and blood pressure and questionnaire application (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Cognitive ability increased in RTG (post 26.00 ± 2.13 vs. CG 22.24 ± 3.82 vs. pre 24.06 ± 2.38 RTG). In RTG, there was a reduction in systolic blood pressure (post 107.50 ± 11.97 vs. CG 126.00 ± 9.72 vs. pre 124.13 ± 12.55 mmHg RTG), diastolic blood pressure (post 68.50 ± 8.15 vs. CG 81.73 ± 4.59 vs. pre 74.69 ± 6.87 mmHg RTG) and double product (post 7746 ± 1244 vs. CG 9336 ± 1595 vs. pre 9286 ± 1309 mmHg x bpm RTG), but not in heart rate (post 72.00 ± 7.40 vs. CG 74.00 ± 10.50 vs. pre 74.94 ± 8.42 bpm RTG). Regarding muscle strength, an increase was evident in all exercises. Conclusion: The present study showed that resistance training in elderly women increased muscle strength and reduced hemodynamic variables. But the most important finding was that there was an increase in cognitive capacity.
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Ferreira BDS, Pereira RD, Silva DPD, Ferreira AC, Mostarda C, Brito-Monzani JDO. Efeitos do treinamento resistido em idosas com declínio cognitivo. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35121.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: Com o envelhecimento, é comum ocorrerem alterações em diferentes áreas da cognição, como a memória, função executiva, linguagem, desenvolvimento psicomotor e função visoespacial. A atividade física regular, contudo, tem sido descrita como um excelente meio de atenuar as degenerações provocadas pelo envelhecimento dentro dos domínios físico, psicológico e social. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento resistido em idosas com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: Estudo experimental com 31 idosas sedentárias, divididas em grupo controle (GC; n = 15) e grupo treinamento resistido (GTR; n = 16), submetidas a avaliações antropométricas, composição corporal, força máxima, frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA) e aplicação de questionário (Mini Exame do Estado Mental). Resultados: Observou-se aumento da capacidade cognitiva no GTR (pós 26,00 ± 2,13 vs. GC 22,24 ± 3,82 vs. pré 24,06 ± 2,38 GTR) e redução na PA sistólica (pós 107,50 ± 11,97 vs. GC 126,00 ± 9,72 vs. pré 124,13 ± 12,55 mmHg GTR), PA diastólica (pós 68,50 ± 8,15 vs. GC 81,73 ± 4,59 vs. pré 74,69 ± 6,87 mmHg GTR) e duplo produto no GTR (pós 7746 ± 1244 vs. GC 9336 ± 1595 vs. pré 9286 ± 1309 mmHg x bpm GTR). Não houve redução na FC no GTR (pós 72,00 ± 7,40 vs. GC 74,00 ± 10,50 vs. pré 74,94 ± 8,42 bpm GTR). Em relação à força muscular, observou-se aumento em todos os exercícios. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que o treinamento resistido aumentou a força muscular e que houve redução de variáveis hemodinâmicas; entretanto, o achado mais importante desse estudo foi o aumento na capacidade cognitiva das idosas.
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Ohko H, Umemoto Y, Sakurai Y, Araki S, Kojima D, Kamijo Y, Murai K, Yasuoka Y, Tajima F. The effects of endurance exercise combined with high-temperature head-out water immersion on serum concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy young men. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1077-1085. [PMID: 34278925 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1922761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate acute changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration following combined endurance exercise and heat stress through head-out water immersion (HOI). SETTING Observational study with crossover design. METHODS Ten healthy young male participants performed HOI at 40 °C (40 °C HOI) or continuous cycling at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake while immersed in 40 °C (40 °C HOI-ex) or 23 °C water (23 °C HOI-ex) for 15 min. Serum BDNF, cortisol and lactate concentrations, and core temperature (Tcore) were measured pre, immediately post, and 15 and 30 min post-immersion. RESULTS BDNF concentration increased immediately and 15 min after 40 °C HOI-ex, but not after 40 °C or 23 °C HOI-ex. No changes in Tcore concentration were observed during 23 °C HOI-ex (Pre; 37.3 °C ± 0.3 °C, Post; 37.8 °C ± 0.2 °C, Post 15; 37.4 °C ± 0.3 °C, Post 30; 37.2 °C ± 0.2 °C). Tcore increased significantly post, post 15, and post 30 min of 40 °C HOI (Pre; 37.1 °C ± 0.4 °C, Post; 38.8 °C ± 0.5 °C, Post 15; 37.9 °C ± 0.4 °C, Post 30; 37.9 °C ± 0.2 °C) and 40 °C HOI-ex (Pre; 37.2 °C ± 0.2 °C, Post; 40.2 °C ± 0.7 °C, Post 15; 38.9 °C ± 0.5 °C, Post 30; 38.3 °C ± 0.5 °C). Tcore was higher in 40 °C HOI-ex compared with 40 °C HOI and 23 °C HOI-ex immediately post and post 15 min. Plasma lactate and cortisol were significantly higher in 40 °C HOI-ex compared with 40 °C HOI and 23 °C HOI-ex after immersion (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION While 15 min HOI alone or thermoneutral exercise do not increase BDNF concentration, both combined may form a time-efficient strategy to acutely elevate BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasunori Umemoto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakurai
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuurachou, Japan
| | - Shouhei Araki
- Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuurachou, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kojima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiichiro Kamijo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kota Murai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yasuoka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Tajima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.,Research Center of Sports Medicine and Balneology, Nachikatsuura Balneologic Town Hospital, Tenma-Nachikatuurachou, Japan
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Hashida R, Nakano D, Yamamura S, Kawaguchi T, Tsutsumi T, Matsuse H, Takahashi H, Gerber L, Younossi ZM, Torimura T. Association between Activity and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Data-Mining Analysis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:799. [PMID: 34440543 PMCID: PMC8401718 DOI: 10.3390/life11080799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction in activity links to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to regulate an activity. We aimed to investigate the association between reduction in activity and BDNF in patients with NAFLD using data-mining analysis. We enrolled 48 NAFLD patients. Patients were classified into reduced (n = 21) or normal activity groups (n = 27) based on the activity score of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Circulating BDNF levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Factors associated with reduced activity were analyzed using decision-tree and random forest analyses. A reduction in activity was seen in 43.8% of patients. Hemoglobin A1c and BDNF were identified as negative independent factors for reduced activity (hemoglobin A1c, OR 0.012, p = 0.012; BDNF, OR 0.041, p = 0.039). Decision-tree analysis showed that "BDNF levels ≥ 19.1 ng/mL" was the most important classifier for reduced activity. In random forest analysis, serum BDNF level was the highest-ranked variable for distinguishing between the reduced and normal activity groups (158 valuable importance). Reduced activity was commonly seen in patients with NAFLD. Data-mining analyses revealed that BNDF was the most important independent factor corresponding with the reduction in activity. BDNF may be an important target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuki Hashida
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (R.H.); (H.M.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Dan Nakano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (D.N.); (S.Y.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Sakura Yamamura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (D.N.); (S.Y.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Takumi Kawaguchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (D.N.); (S.Y.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tsubasa Tsutsumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (D.N.); (S.Y.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroo Matsuse
- Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (R.H.); (H.M.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan;
| | - Lynn Gerber
- Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; (L.G.); (Z.M.Y.)
| | - Zobair M. Younossi
- Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA; (L.G.); (Z.M.Y.)
| | - Takuji Torimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (D.N.); (S.Y.); (T.T.); (T.T.)
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13
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Womersley JS, Nothling J, Toikumo S, Malan-Müller S, van den Heuvel LL, McGregor NW, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ. Childhood trauma, the stress response and metabolic syndrome: A focus on DNA methylation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2253-2296. [PMID: 34169602 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma (CT) is well established as a potent risk factor for the development of mental disorders. However, the potential of adverse early experiences to exert chronic and profound effects on physical health, including aberrant metabolic phenotypes, has only been more recently explored. Among these consequences is metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterised by at least three of five related cardiometabolic traits: hypertension, insulin resistance/hyperglycaemia, raised triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein and central obesity. The deleterious effects of CT on health outcomes may be partially attributable to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which coordinates the response to stress, and the consequent fostering of a pro-inflammatory environment. Epigenetic tags, such as DNA methylation, which are sensitive to environmental influences provide a means whereby the effects of CT can be biologically embedded and persist into adulthood to affect health and well-being. The methylome regulates the transcription of genes involved in the stress response, metabolism and inflammation. This narrative review examines the evidence for DNA methylation in CT and MetS in order to identify shared neuroendocrine and immune correlates that may mediate the increased risk of MetS following CT exposure. Our review specifically highlights differential methylation of FKBP5, the gene that encodes FK506-binding protein 51 and has pleiotropic effects on stress responding, inflammation and energy metabolism, as a central candidate to understand the molecular aetiology underlying CT-associated MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jani Nothling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Malan-Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel W McGregor
- Systems Genetics Working Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sîan M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council/Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Qadir R, Sculthorpe NF, Todd T, Brown EC. Effectiveness of Resistance Training and Associated Program Characteristics in Patients at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34050828 PMCID: PMC8164651 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training (RT) is an effective intervention for glycemic control and cardiometabolic health in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the use of RT in individuals at risk for T2D to prevent or delay the onset of T2D, and RT program characteristics that are most effective are still unknown. The purpose of this review is to determine the effects of RT on cardiometabolic risk factors in those at risk for T2D and to examine RT program characteristics associated with intervention effectiveness. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases were systematically searched for published controlled trials that compared cardiometabolic outcomes in adults with cardiometabolic risk for those that underwent an RT intervention with those that did not. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of RT on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body fat percentage (BF%), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG). Additional analyses examined effects of intervention duration and dietary intervention on FPG and TG. RESULTS Fourteen trials with 668 participants were included. For RT compared to controls, the standardized mean difference (SMD) was -1.064 for HbA1c (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.802 to -0.327; p=0.005), -0.99 for FPG (95% CI -1.798 to -0.183; p=0.016), -0.933 for TC (95% CI -1.66 to -0.206; p=0.012), -0.840 for BF% (95% CI -1.429 to -0.251; p=0.005), -0.693 for HDL (95% CI -1.230 to -0.156; p=0.011), -1.03 for LDL (95% CI -2.03 to -0.050; p=0.039), and -0.705 for TG (95% CI -1.132 to -0.279; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS RT is beneficial for improving glycemic control, BF%, and blood lipids in those at risk for diabetes. The addition of a dietary component did not result in larger reductions in FPG and TG than RT alone. PROSPERO REGISTRATION ID CRD42019122217.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Qadir
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 586 Pioneer Dr, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - Nicholas F Sculthorpe
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Taylor Todd
- School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Elise C Brown
- School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
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15
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Nicolini C, Nelson AJ. Current Methodological Pitfalls and Caveats in the Assessment of Exercise-Induced Changes in Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: How Result Reproducibility Can Be Improved. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2021; 2:678541. [PMID: 38235217 PMCID: PMC10790889 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2021.678541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neural mechanisms, such as enhanced neuroplasticity within the motor system, underpin exercise-induced motor improvements. Being a key mediator of motor plasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is likely to play an important role in mediating exercise positive effects on motor function. Difficulties in assessing brain BDNF levels in humans have drawn attention to quantification of blood BDNF and raise the question of whether peripheral BDNF contributes to exercise-related motor improvements. Methodological and non-methodological factors influence measurements of blood BDNF introducing a substantial variability that complicates result interpretation and leads to inconsistencies among studies. Here, we discuss methodology-related issues and approaches emerging from current findings to reduce variability and increase result reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aimee J. Nelson
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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16
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Role of Adiponectin and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Metabolic Regulation Involved in Adiposity and Body Fat Browning. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010056. [PMID: 33375318 PMCID: PMC7794779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excessive fat mass, has been emerging as a major global epidemic and contributes to the increased risk of morbidity around the world. Thus, the necessity to find effective therapy and specific regulatory mechanisms is increasing for controlling obesity. Lately, many researchers have been interested in the linkage between obesity and adipokines/myokines, particularly adiponectin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, the role of adiponectin and BDNF in adiposity has not been clearly defined yet. We examined the association of adiposity with adiponectin and BDNF through human study (observational study) with Korean women and in vitro experiments. In the human study, we found a negative relationship between adiposity and circulating adiponectins but irregular patterns in the relationship between adiposity and circulating BDNFs. In the in vitro study using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, adiponectin treatment strongly promoted adipocyte differentiation and the fat browning process, whereas BDNF treatment attenuated adipocyte differentiation and the fat browning process in differentiated adipocytes. Our results demonstrate that adiponectin and BDNF play an important role in regulating fat mass and the expression of fat-browning markers in different ways, and also suggest that circulating adiponectin may be used as an important monitoring index for obesity status.
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17
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Di Raimondo D, Rizzo G, Musiari G, Tuttolomondo A, Pinto A. Role of Regular Physical Activity in Neuroprotection against Acute Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239086. [PMID: 33260365 PMCID: PMC7731306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major obstacles that prevents an effective therapeutic intervention against ischemic stroke is the lack of neuroprotective agents able to reduce neuronal damage; this results in frequent evolution towards a long-term disability with limited alternatives available to aid in recovery. Nevertheless, various treatment options have shown clinical efficacy. Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), widely produced throughout the brain, but also in distant tissues such as the muscle, have demonstrated regenerative properties with the potential to restore damaged neural tissue. Neurotrophins play a significant role in both protection and recovery of function following neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke or traumatic brain injury. Unfortunately, the efficacy of exogenous administration of these neurotrophins is limited by rapid degradation with subsequent poor half-life and a lack of blood-brain-barrier permeability. Regular exercise seems to be a therapeutic approach able to induce the activation of several pathways related to the neurotrophins release. Exercise, furthermore, reduces the infarct volume in the ischemic brain and ameliorates motor function in animal models increasing astrocyte proliferation, inducing angiogenesis and reducing neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress. One of the most critical issues is to identify the relationship between neurotrophins and myokines, newly discovered skeletal muscle-derived factors released during and after exercise able to exert several biological functions. Various myokines (e.g., Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, Irisin) have recently shown their ability to protects against neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models, suggesting that these substances may influence the degree of neuronal damage in part via inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the main experimental data available to date on the neuroprotective and anti-ischemic role of regular exercise, analyzing also the possible role played by neurotrophins and myokines.
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18
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Walsh JJ, Myette-Côté É, Little JP. The Effect of Exogenous Ketone Monoester Ingestion on Plasma BDNF During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1094. [PMID: 33013465 PMCID: PMC7509175 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for brain and metabolic function. Ingestion of a ketone monoester (KME) drink containing beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) attenuates hyperglycemia in humans and increases neuronal BDNF in rodents. Whether KME affects BDNF in humans is currently unknown. This study examined the effect of KME ingestion before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on plasma BDNF in normal-weight adults (NW) and adults with obesity (OB). Methods: Exploratory, secondary analyses of two studies were performed. Study 1 included NW (n = 18; age = 25.3 ± 4.3 years; BMI = 22.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2) and Study 2 included OB (n = 12; age = 48.8 ± 9.5 years; BMI = 33.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Participants ingested 0.45 ml/kg-1 body weight KME or Placebo 30-min prior to completing a 75 g OGTT. β-OHB and BDNF were measured via blood samples at fasting baseline (pre-OGTT) and 120 min post-OGTT. Results: Study 1: KME significantly increased β-OHB by 800 ± 454% (p < 0.001). BDNF significantly decreased post-OGTT compared to pre-OGTT in Placebo (718.6 ± 830.8 pg/ml vs. 389.3 ± 595.8 pg/ml; p = 0.018), whereas BDNF was unchanged in KME (560.2 ± 689.6 pg/ml vs. 469.2 ± 791.8 pg/ml; p = 0.28). Study 2: KME significantly increased β-OHB by 1,586 ± 602% (p < 0.001). BDNF was significantly higher post-OGTT in the KME condition in OB (time × condition interaction; p = 0.037). There was a moderate relationship between β-OHB and ∆ %BDNF (r = 0.616; p < 0.001). Fasting plasma BDNF was significantly lower in OB compared to NW (132.8 ± 142.8 pg/ml vs. 639.4 ± 756.8 pg/ml; g = 0.845; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Plasma BDNF appears differentially impacted by KME ingestion with OGTT in OB compared to NW. Raising β-OHB via KME may be a strategy for increasing/protecting BDNF during hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Walsh
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Étienne Myette-Côté
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P. Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Systematic Balance Exercises Influence Cortical Activation and Serum BDNF Levels in Older Adults. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111910. [PMID: 31703409 PMCID: PMC6912622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate whether systematic balance training modulates brain area activity responsible for postural control and influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA protein expression. Seventy-four older adults were randomly divided into three groups (mean age 65.34 ± 3.79 years, 30 females): Classic balance exercises (CBT), virtual reality balance exercises (VBT), and control (CON). Neuroimaging studies were performed at inclusion and after completion of the training or 12 weeks later (CON). Blood samples were obtained to measure BDNF expression. The study revealed significant interaction of sessions and groups: In the motor imagery (MI) condition for supplementary motor area (SMA) activity (Fat peak = 5.25, p < 0.05); in the action observation (AO) condition for left and right supramarginal gyrus/posterior insula (left: Fat peak = 6.48, p < 0.05; right: Fat peak = 6.92, p < 0.05); in the action observation together with motor imagery (AOMI) condition for the middle occipital gyrus (laterally)/area V5 (left: Fat peak = 6.26, p < 0.05; right: Fat peak = 8.37, p < 0.05), and in the cerebellum–inferior semilunar lobule/tonsil (Fat peak = 5.47, p < 0.05). After the training serum BDNF level has increased in CBT (p < 0.001) and in CBT compared to CON (p < 0.05). Systematic balance training may reverse the age-related cortical over-activations and appear to be a factor mediating neuroplasticity in older adults.
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20
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Twelve weeks of resistance training does not influence peripheral levels of neurotrophic growth factors or homocysteine in healthy adults: a randomized-controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2167-2176. [PMID: 31372803 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is growing evidence for a preventative effect of resistance training on cognitive decline through physiological mechanisms; yet, the effect of resistance training on resting growth factors and homocysteine levels is incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intense resistance training, for 12 weeks, on changes in peripheral growth factors and homocysteine in late middle-aged adults. METHODS 45 healthy adults were enrolled into the single-site parallel groups' randomized-controlled trial conducted at the Department of Exercise Science, Strength and Conditioning Laboratory, Murdoch University. Participants were allocated to the following conditions: (1) high-load resistance training (n = 14), or (2) moderate-load resistance training (n = 15) twice per week for 12 weeks; or (3) non-exercising control group (n = 16). Data were collected from September 2016 to December 2017. Fasted blood samples were collected at baseline and within 7 days of trial completion for the analysis of resting serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and plasma homocysteine levels. RESULTS No differences in baseline to post-intervention change in serum growth factors or plasma homocysteine levels were observed between groups. A medium effect was calculated for BDNF change within the high-load condition alone (+ 12.9%, g = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS High-load or moderate-load resistance training twice per week for 12 weeks has no effect on peripheral growth factors or homocysteine in healthy late middle-aged adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12616000690459.
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Cabral DF, Rice J, Morris TP, Rundek T, Pascual-Leone A, Gomes-Osman J. Exercise for Brain Health: An Investigation into the Underlying Mechanisms Guided by Dose. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:580-599. [PMID: 31197642 PMCID: PMC6694330 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong link between the practice of regular physical exercise and maintenance of cognitive brain health. Animal and human studies have shown that exercise exerts positive effects on cognition through a variety of mechanisms, such as changes in brain volume and connectivity, cerebral perfusion, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and regulation of trophic factors. However, much of this data has been conducted in young humans and animals, raising questions regarding the generalizability of these findings to aging adults. Furthermore, it is not clear at which doses these effects might take place, and if effects would differ with varying exercise modes (such as aerobic, resistance training, combinations, or other). The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on the effects of exercise interventions on various mechanisms believed to support cognitive improvements: cerebral perfusion, synaptic neuroplasticity, brain volume and connectivity, neurogenesis, and regulation of trophic factors. We synthesized the findings according to exposure to exercise (short- [1 day-16 weeks], medium- [24-40 weeks], and long-term exercise [52 weeks and beyond]) and have limited our discussion of dose effects to studies in aging adults and aged animals (when human data was not available).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danylo F Cabral
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5915 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, 5th Floor, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Jordyn Rice
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5915 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, 5th Floor, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Timothy P Morris
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Joyce Gomes-Osman
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 5915 Ponce de Leon Boulevard, 5th Floor, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
- Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1150 Northwest 14th Street, Suite 309, Miami, Florida, 33136, USA.
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Effects of Elastic Resistance Training on Functional Performance and Myokines in Older Women—A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:830-834.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effect of Strength Training on Lipid and Inflammatory Outcomes: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:477-491. [PMID: 31023184 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regressions evaluating the effects of isolated strength training (ST), compared with a control group, on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin of adults. Methods: Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus data sources were searched up to May 2017. Clinical trials that compared ST with a control group of adults older than 18 years, which evaluated blood TC, TG, LDL, HDL, CRP, or adiponectin as an outcome were included. Random effect was used and the effect size (ES) was calculated by using the standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. Results: ST promotes a reduction in TC (ES: -0.399; P < .001), TG (ES: -0.204; P = .002), LDL (ES: -0.451; P < .001), and CRP (ES: -0.542; P = .01) levels. In addition, ST is associated to an increase in HDL (ES: 0.363; P < .001) and adiponectin concentrations (ES: 1.105; P = .01). Conclusion: ST promotes decreases in TC, TG, LDL, and CRP levels and increases HDL and adiponectin concentrations. Thus, progressive ST could be a potential therapeutic option for improving abnormalities in lipid and inflammatory outcomes in adults.
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Marston KJ, Brown BM, Rainey-Smith SR, Peiffer JJ. Resistance Exercise-Induced Responses in Physiological Factors Linked with Cognitive Health. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 68:39-64. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-181079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J. Marston
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda M. Brown
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research & Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J. Peiffer
- Department of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Ageing, Cognition and Exercise (ACE) Research Group, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Sandrini L, Di Minno A, Amadio P, Ieraci A, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Association between Obesity and Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels: Systematic Review of Literature and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082281. [PMID: 30081509 PMCID: PMC6121551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the brain as well as mutations in BDNF gene and/or of its receptor are associated to obesity in both human and animal models. However, the association between circulating levels of BDNF and obesity is still not defined. To answer this question, we performed a meta-analysis carrying out a systematic search in electronic databases. Ten studies (307 obese patients and 236 controls) were included in the analysis. Our data show that obese patients have levels of BDNF similar to those of controls (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: −0.28, 0.30, p = 0.94). The lack of difference was further confirmed both in studies in which BDNF levels were assessed in serum (MD: −0.93 ng/mL, 95% CI: −3.34, 1.48, p = 0.45) and in plasma (MD: 0.15 ng/mL, 95% CI: −0.09, 0.39, p = 0.23). Data evaluation has shown that some bias might affect BDNF measurements (e.g., subject recruitment, procedures of sampling, handling, and storage), leading to a difficult interpretation of the results. Standardization of the procedures is still needed to reach strong, affordable, and reliable conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sandrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy.
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de Araujo CLP, da Silva IRV, Reinaldo GP, Peccin PK, Pochmann D, Teixeira PJZ, Elsner VR, Dal Lago P. Pulmonary rehabilitation and BDNF levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A pilot study. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 259:63-69. [PMID: 30067940 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD physiopathology involves multiple pathways and evidence indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important biomarker associated with parameters of COPD severity. This study aimed to analyze the time course of the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP) on BDNF levels and on functional status in COPD patients. METHODS Patients were enrolled in a 24-session PRP. Exercise capacity, dyspnea, health-related quality of life, and the BODE index were assessed at baseline and after the PRP. BDNF plasma levels were measured at baseline (immediately before the 1st session), after the 1st session, and before and after the 24th session. RESULTS Sixteen patients were included. A reduction in BDNF levels was observed after the 1st session and an increase was observed between the end of the 1st session and the beginning of the 24th session. The PRP promoted an improvement in exercise capacity and health-related quality of life and a reduction in dyspnea and the BODE index. CONCLUSION Exercise acutely reduced BDNF levels, an effect that was nullified by the overall intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Laura Pereira de Araujo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Ivy Reichert Vital da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Pereira Reinaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Pâmela Krause Peccin
- Curso de Fisioterapia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Pochmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Paulo José Zimermann Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Serviço de Reabilitação Pulmonar do Pavilhão Pereira Filho, Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Rostirola Elsner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Reabilitação do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Mokhtarzade M, Motl R, Negaresh R, Zimmer P, Khodadoost M, Baker JS, Patel D, Majdinasab N, Ranjbar R. Exercise-induced changes in neurotrophic factors and markers of blood-brain barrier permeability are moderated by weight status in multiple sclerosis. Neuropeptides 2018; 70:93-100. [PMID: 29880392 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) and neurotrophic factors seemingly have an important role in multiple sclerosis pathology. Physical activity may influence blood-brain barrier function and levels of neurotrophic factors, and such effects might be moderated by body weight status. This study investigated the effect of exercise training on markers of blood-brain barrier permeability and neurotrophic factors as a function of weight status in multiple sclerosis patients. Sixty three persons with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis who were normal weight (n: 33) or overweight (n: 33) were randomly assigned into groups of exercise (normal weight training, n: 18; overweight training group, n: 18) or no exercise (normal weight control, n: 15; overweight control group, n: 15). The intervention consisted of 8 weeks (3 days per week) of cycling undertaken at 60-70% peak power. Resting blood concentrations of s100 calcium-binding protein B (s100b) and neuron-specific enolase as BBB permeability markers, neurotrophic factors and cytokines (Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were evaluated before and after the intervention. There were significant weight, training, and interaction effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and platelet-derived growth factor; however, ciliary neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor did not demonstrate any effect. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and platelet-derived growth factor were significantly increased from pre-post in normal weight exercise. Significant weight, training, and interaction effects were found for s100b. In detail, s100b was significantly increased from pre-post in normal weight exercise. In contrast, neuron-specific enolase and cytokines did not demonstrate any effect. Generally, Exercise training may alter markers of BBB permeability and neurotrophic factor status in normal weight persons with multiple sclerosis; however, overweight participants may be more resistant to these effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Motl
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raoof Negaresh
- Department of Sport Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mostafa Khodadoost
- Department of Physical Education, Abadan branch, Islamic Azad University, Abadan, Iran
| | - Julien S Baker
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Science and Sport, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Darpan Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nastaran Majdinasab
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Neurology, Golstan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rouholah Ranjbar
- Department of Sport Physiology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Developmental origins of adult health and disease: The metabolic role of BDNF from early life to adulthood. Metabolism 2018; 81:45-51. [PMID: 29217485 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the origins of adult disease may occur during fetal life. Thus, the concept of "developmental programming" has been introduced and supported by epidemiological and experimental data. This concept supports the idea that the nutritional and hormonal status during pregnancy could interfere in metabolism control. The mechanisms responsible for this "developmental programming" remain poorly documented. Current research indicates that neurotrophins and particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a crucial role in this process. Although mainly expressed in the nervous system, BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), are immunolocalized in several regions of the human placenta and have important functions during pregnancy. BDNF serves widespread roles in regulating energy homeostasis in both fetuses and adults, by controlling patterns of fetal growth, adult feeding and physical activity, and by regulating glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Impaired BDNF signaling may be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Novel BDNF-focused interventions are being developed for obesity, diabetes and neurological disorders. The aim of this article is to provide a brief comprehensive literary review regarding the potential implications of BDNF in "developmental programming", through regulation of metabolism and energy balance from early life to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Briana
- Department of Neonatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Akbarian SA, Salehi-Abargouei A, Pourmasoumi M, Kelishadi R, Nikpour P, Heidari-Beni M. Association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms with body mass index: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Med Sci 2018; 63:43-56. [PMID: 28818748 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies with inconsistent results have assessed the association of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene polymorphisms with prevalence of obesity and overweight. This review aims to provide a summary of the literature evaluating the relation between BDNF genotype and body mass index (BMI). METHODS A systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Ovid and Cochrane was performed. We included observational studies with cross-sectional and case-control design, which investigated relationship between all kinds of BDNF polymorphisms with BMI, as a representative index of obesity and overweight. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included articles. RESULTS Thirty five studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Analyses were performed separately using OR, β coefficient and mean. Significant association were documented between rs925946 and BMI (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.08-1.17, P heterogeneity=0.317), rs10501087 and BMI (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.04-1.24, P heterogeneity=0.861), rs6265 and BMI (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.07-1.19, P heterogeneity=0.406), rs988712 and BMI (OR=1.29, 95% CI=1.18-1.40, P heterogeneity=0.602). According to pooled β coefficient analysis, significant result was only observed in the rs925946 polymorphism subgroup. Pooled mean analysis showed that overall effects for the association between BDNF polymorphisms and BMI were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that some polymorphisms in BDNF gene including rs925946, rs10501087, rs6265 and rs988712 can be considered as genetic determinants of obesity.
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Fuzari HK, Dornelas de Andrade A, A Rodrigues M, I Medeiros A, F Pessoa M, Lima AM, Cerqueira MS, Marinho PE. Whole body vibration improves maximum voluntary isometric contraction of knee extensors in patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized controlled trial. Physiother Theory Pract 2018; 35:409-418. [PMID: 29482412 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2018.1443537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole body vibration (WBV) training improves maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of knee extensors, postural balance, functional capacity, and quality of life (QOL) in several diseases. The objective was to assess the efficacy of WBV training in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD) in the interdialytic period. METHOD A randomized, controlled trial study with concealed allocation, intention-to-treat analysis, and triple blinding. Sixteen patients with CKD of both genders aged over 40 years were allocated in two groups, the WBV group or the sham group, training 2 times a week for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was knee extensor muscle strength, and the secondary outcomes were quadriceps thickness, distance walked, balance, and QOL. RESULTS The WBV group improved MVIC of knee extensors with a difference between groups in improvement of 117.29 N (95% CI, 32.25-202.24) at the end of training. The other outcomes were not different between groups. Practical applications: The WBV program has shown to be effective and may be able to help in prescribing the appropriate training program for CKD. CONCLUSION WBV training improves MVIC of knee extensors in patients with CKD on HD in the interdialytic period. WBV training could be considered in the management of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen K Fuzari
- a Physiotherapy Department, Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
| | - Armèle Dornelas de Andrade
- a Physiotherapy Department, Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
| | - Marco A Rodrigues
- b Electronics and Systems Department , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
| | - Ana I Medeiros
- a Physiotherapy Department, Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
| | - Maíra F Pessoa
- a Physiotherapy Department, Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
| | - Amina M Lima
- a Physiotherapy Department, Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
| | - Mikhail S Cerqueira
- c Physiotherapy Department, Kinesiotherapy Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
| | - Patrícia E Marinho
- a Physiotherapy Department, Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Laboratory , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife , PE , Brasil
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Pedersen NH, Tarp J, Andersen LB, Gejl AK, Huang T, Peijs L, Bugge A. The association between serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents: The CHAMPS-study DK. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186384. [PMID: 29028824 PMCID: PMC5640247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes pose a global health burden. Therefore, clarifying the pathology of these risk factors is essential. Previous studies have found positive and negative associations between one or more cardiovascular risk factors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) probably due to diverse methodological approaches when analysing peripheral BDNF levels. Moreover, only a few studies have been performed in youth populations. Consequently, the main objective of this study was to examine the association between serum BDNF and a composite z-score consisting of six cardiovascular risk factors. A secondary aim was to examine the associations between serum BDNF and each of the six risk factors. Methods Four hundred and forty-seven apparently healthy adolescents between 11–17 years of age participated in this cross-sectional study. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometrics, pubertal status, blood pressure (BP), serum BDNF, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), blood glucose and insulin were measured. Information about alcohol consumption and socio-economic status was collected via questionnaires. Associations were modelled using linear regression analysis. Results Serum BDNF was positively associated with the composite z-score in the total study sample (standardized beta coefficient (std.β) = 0.10, P = 0.037). In males, serum BDNF was positively associated with the composite z-score (Std. β = 0.14, P = 0.034) and HOMA-IR (Std. β = 0.19, P = 0.004), and negatively associated with CRF (Std. β = -0.15, P = 0.026). In females, BDNF was positively associated with TG (Std. β = 0.14, P = 0.030) and negatively associated with waist circumference (WC) (Std. β = -0.16, P = 0.012). Conclusion Serum BDNF was positively associated with a composite z-score of cardiovascular risk factors. This association seems to be mainly driven by the association between TG, HOMA-IR and serum BDNF, and particularly for males. Further longitudinal research is warranted to determine the temporal relationship between BDNF and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Holbæk Pedersen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Norway
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Kær Gejl
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lone Peijs
- The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Bugge
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Brini S, Sohrabi HR, Peiffer JJ, Karrasch M, Hämäläinen H, Martins RN, Fairchild TJ. Physical Activity in Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2017; 48:29-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Stoykov ME, Corcos DM, Madhavan S. Movement-Based Priming: Clinical Applications and Neural Mechanisms. J Mot Behav 2017; 49:88-97. [PMID: 28277966 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1250716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Priming can be described as behavior change generated by preceding stimuli. Although various types of priming have been long studied in the field of psychology, priming that targets motor cortex is a relatively new topic of research in the fields of motor control and rehabilitation. In reference to a rehabilitation intervention, priming is categorized as a restorative approach. There are a myriad of possible priming approaches including noninvasive brain stimulation, motor imagery, and sensory-based priming, to name a few. The authors report on movement-based priming which, compared to other priming types, is less frequently examined and under reported. Movement-based priming includes, but is not limited to, bilateral motor priming, unilateral priming, and aerobic exercise. Clinical and neural mechanistic aspects of movement-based priming techniques are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Montie Corcos
- b Department of Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences , Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois
| | - Sangeetha Madhavan
- c Department of Physical Therapy , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois
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Lee IT, Wang JS, Lee WJ, Lin SY, Fu CP, Liang KW, Hsu CY, Sheu WHH. The synergistic effect of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and coronary artery disease on brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 466:194-200. [PMID: 28131673 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for neural protection and energy homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effects of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and coronary artery disease (CAD) on BDNF. METHODS Subjects who had undergone diagnostic angiography for angina were recruited, and a total of 240 subjects (144 with CAD and 96 without CAD) were enrolled. Serum BDNF was determined at 0, 30, and 120min during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) for BDNF. Serum VCAM-1 was determined at fasting. RESULTS Significantly lower AUC of BDNF (42.8±10.7 vs. 47.4±11.7ng-h/ml, P=0.002) and higher serum VCAM-1 (583±383 vs. 482±171ng/ml, P=0.017) were noted in subjects with CAD compared to those without CAD. High VCAM-1 level was an independent predictor of low AUC of BDNF in subjects with and without CAD (95%CI between -0.011 and -0.002, P=0.008; -0.033 and -0.002, P=0.029, respectively). Serum BDNF was lowest in the CAD subjects with high VCAM-1 levels at all time points during OGTT. CONCLUSION Our results showed that CAD was associated with low serum BDNF in response to OGTT, and VCAM-1 had a synergistic effect with CAD on the BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Po Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiann-Yi Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Carson BP. The Potential Role of Contraction-Induced Myokines in the Regulation of Metabolic Function for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:97. [PMID: 28512448 PMCID: PMC5411437 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ in the body, comprises 36-42% of body weight, and has recently been recognized as having an endocrine function. Proteins expressed and released by muscle that have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine bioactivities have been termed myokines. It is likely that muscle contraction represents the primary stimulus for the synthesis and secretion of myokines to enable communication with other organs such as the liver, adipose tissue, brain, and auto-regulation of muscle metabolism. To date, several hundred myokines in the muscle secretome have been identified, a sub-population of which are specifically induced by skeletal muscle contraction. However, the bioactivity of many of these myokines and the mechanism through which they act has either not yet been characterized or remains poorly understood. Physical activity and exercise are recognized as a central tenet in both the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent data suggest humoral factors such as muscle-derived secretory proteins may mediate the beneficial effects of exercise in the treatment of metabolic diseases. This mini-review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the role of contraction-induced myokines in mediating the beneficial effects of physical activity and exercise in the prevention and treatment of T2D, specifically glucose and lipid metabolism. Future directions as to how we can optimize contraction-induced myokine secretion to inform exercise protocols for the prevention and treatment of T2D will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Carson
- Health Research Institute, Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Brian P. Carson,
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Lee IT, Wang JS, Fu CP, Lin SY, Sheu WHH. Relationship between body weight and the increment in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor after oral glucose challenge in men with obesity and metabolic syndrome: A prospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5260. [PMID: 27787389 PMCID: PMC5089118 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in energy homeostasis. However, the postprandial BDNF change has not been well investigated. We hypothesized that the BDNF increment after oral glucose challenge is associated with body weight.To address this possibility, man adults with obesity in conjunction with metabolic syndrome were compared with normal weight controls at baseline in the initial cross-sectional protocol. The obese subjects then underwent a 12-week program for body-weight reduction in the prospective protocol. The area under the curve (AUC) of serum BDNF was recorded during a 75 g oral glucose tolerant test and the BDNF AUC index was defined as [(AUC of BDNF) - (fasting BDNF2 hours)]/(fasting BDNF2 hours).A total of 25 controls and 36 obese subjects completed the study assessments. In the cross-sectional protocol, the BDNF AUC index was significantly higher in the obese subjects than in the controls (9.0 ± 16.5% vs. - 8.0 ± 22.5%, P = 0.001). After weight reduction (from 97.0 ± 12.5 kg to 88.6 ± 12.9 kg, P < 0.001), the percentage change of body weight was significantly associated with the BDNF AUC index after the study (95% CI between 0.21 and 1.82, P = 0.015). Using 6% weight reduction as a cut-off value, a larger weight reduction was able to reliably predict a negative BDNF AUC index.In conclusion, a high BDNF AUC index was observed for obese men in this study, whereas the index value significantly decreased after body-weight reduction. These findings suggest that postprandial BDNF increment may be associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
| | - Chia-Po Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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The Effect of Exercise Training on Resting Concentrations of Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF): A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163037. [PMID: 27658238 PMCID: PMC5033477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms through which physical activity supports healthy brain function remain to be elucidated. One hypothesis suggests that increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mediates some cognitive and mood benefits. This meta-analysis sought to determine the effect of exercise training on resting concentrations of BDNF in peripheral blood. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and CINAHL databases were searched for original, peer-reviewed reports of peripheral blood BDNF concentrations before and after exercise interventions ≥ 2 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using standardized criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were generated from random effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored in subgroup analyses. Results In 29 studies that met inclusion criteria, resting concentrations of peripheral blood BDNF were higher after intervention (SMD = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.60, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested a significant effect in aerobic (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.33–0.99, p < 0.001) but not resistance training (SMD = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.15–0.30, p = 0.52) interventions. No significant difference in effect was observed between males and females, nor in serum vs plasma. Conclusion Aerobic but not resistance training interventions increased resting BDNF concentrations in peripheral blood.
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Levinger I, Brennan-Speranza TC, Stepto NK, Jerums G, Parker L, McConell GK, Anderson M, Garnham A, Hare DL, Ebeling PR, Seeman E. A Single Dose of Prednisolone as a Modulator of Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Insulin Sensitivity Post-Exercise in Healthy Young Men: A Study Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e78. [PMID: 27259402 PMCID: PMC4912677 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.5119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) increases insulin sensitivity in mice. In humans, data are supportive, but the studies are mostly cross-sectional. Exercise increases whole-body insulin sensitivity, in part via ucOC, while acute glucocorticoid treatment suppresses ucOC in humans and mice. OBJECTIVES A single dose of prednisolone reduces the rise in ucOC produced by exercise, which partly accounts for the failed increase in insulin sensitivity following exercise. METHODS Healthy young men (n=12) aged 18 to 40 years will be recruited. Initial assessments will include analysis of fasting blood, body composition, aerobic power (VO2peak), and peak heart rate. Participants will then be randomly allocated, double-blind, to a single dose of 20 mg of prednisolone or placebo. The two experimental trials will involve 30 minutes of interval exercise (90%-95% peak heart rate), followed by 3 hours of recovery and 2 hours of euglycaemic- hyperinsulinaemic clamp (insulin clamp). Seven muscle biopsies and blood samples will be obtained at rest, following exercise and post-insulin clamps. RESULTS The study is funded by the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Victoria University. Enrollment has already commenced and data collection will be completed in 2016. CONCLUSION If the hypothesis is confirmed, the study will provide novel insights into the potential role of ucOC in insulin sensitivity in human subjects and will elucidate pathways involved in exercise-induced insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Levinger
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Smith C, Asrar Ul Haq M, Jerums G, Hanson E, Hayes A, Allen JD, Sbaraglia M, Selig S, Wong C, Hare DL, Levinger I. Assessing the Value of BMI and Aerobic Capacity as Surrogate Markers for the Severity of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Who Are Obese. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2016; 10:61-5. [PMID: 27199576 PMCID: PMC4869605 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s38116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is one of the earliest signs for abnormal cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It is important to explore the risk factors that will assist in identifying the severity of the LVDD in this population. We examined the influences of fitness and fatness on the level of left ventricular (LV) impairment in patients with T2DM. Twenty-five patients (age: 64.0 ± 2.5 years, body mass index [BMI] = 36.0 ± 1.5 kg/m(2), mean ± standard error of measurement) with T2DM and preserved systolic function, but impaired diastolic function, mitral valve (MV) E/e', participated in the study. LV function was assessed using a stress echocardiograph, aerobic power was assessed with a sign- and symptom-limited graded exercise test, and the fatness level was assessed using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and BMI. Patients in the higher 50% of BMI had higher lateral and septal MV E/e' (∼34% and ∼25%, respectively, both P < 0.001), compared to those in the lower 50% of BMI, with no difference in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (P > 0.05). In addition, a higher BMI correlated with a higher lateral (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and septal (r = 0.56, P < 0.01) E/e'. There was no such relationship for VO2peak. BMI and VO2peak were not correlated with LV systolic function (ejection fraction). In individuals with T2DM and diastolic dysfunction, a higher BMI was associated with worsening diastolic function independent of their aerobic capacity. The data provide a simple and practical approach for clinicians to assist in the early identification and diagnostics of functional changes in the heart diastolic function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Smith
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Muhammad Asrar Ul Haq
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - George Jerums
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Erik Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan Hayes
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason D Allen
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Sbaraglia
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steve Selig
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiew Wong
- University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David L Hare
- University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; University of Melbourne and the Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Melbourne Australia
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Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates the Relationship between Abdominal Adiposity and Executive Function in Middle Age. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2016; 22:493-500. [PMID: 27026196 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617716000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive adipose tissue, especially in the abdominal area, is associated with increased risk of dementia in older adults. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. As increased adiposity is also associated with lower circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key molecule modulating brain plasticity and neuronal regeneration, we hypothesized that the changes in cognition that occur as a result of excessive abdominal adiposity would be driven by lower levels of circulating BDNF. METHODS Fasting blood samples were obtained from 60 participants aged 40-60 years (mean±SD=52.3±5.6) and BDNF levels were assessed with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Abdominal adiposity was measured using a ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (WHR). Participants also completed a neuropsychological assessment battery to assess executive function. Statistical mediation was assessed using traditional causal steps and nonparametric bootstrapping. RESULTS Higher WHR was significantly associated with poorer performance on the Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) letter fluency test (β=-0.489; p=.003) and lower levels of circulating BDNF (β=-0.345; p=.006). Linear regression and bootstrapping methods indicated that BDNF fully mediated the relationship between WHR and performance on the COWA (β=0.60; 95% confidence interval [-3.79, -0.26]). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between higher WHR and verbal fluency was fully statistically mediated by circulating BDNF levels. The BDNF pathway is thus a useful probable mechanism through which executive function decline occurs in individuals with high abdominal adiposity. BDNF enhancing interventions (physical exercise and dietary restriction) could thus be used to improve executive function in these individuals.
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Walsh JJ, Scribbans TD, Bentley RF, Kellawan JM, Gurd B, Tschakovsky ME. Neurotrophic growth factor responses to lower body resistance training in older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:315-23. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistance exercise is an efficacious stimulus for improving cognitive function in older adults, which may be mediated by the upregulation of blood-borne neurotrophic growth factors (NTFs) like brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the NTF response to resistance exercise and training in older adults is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the timing and magnitude of the NTF response following an acute bout of resistance exercise before and after 8 weeks of resistance training. Ten cognitively normal, older adults (ages 60–77 years, five men) were examined. The acute NTF response to resistance exercise was assessed via serum samples drawn at designated time points following exercise. This procedure was then repeated following 8 weeks of resistance training. BDNF increased immediately post-exercise (Δ9% pre-training, Δ11% post-training) then returned to resting levels while IGF-1 remained stable following resistance exercise before and after 8 weeks of resistance training. Basal levels of both NTFs were unaffected by the 8 week training period. We report a transient increase in serum BDNF following a bout of resistance exercise in older adults, which could have implications for the design of interventions seeking to maximize cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Walsh
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Trisha D. Scribbans
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robert F. Bentley
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Brendon Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michael E. Tschakovsky
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, 28 Division St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Dose-and gender-specific effects of resistance training on circulating levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2015; 70:144-9. [PMID: 26297701 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BDNF is known to induce neuroplasticity and low circulating levels have been related to neuronal loss in older persons. Physical exercise is thought to trigger BDNF-induced neuroplasticity, but conflicting observations have been reported regarding the effects of resistance training on circulating BDNF in the elderly. These conflicting observations might reflect dose-and gender-specific differences. METHOD Fifty-six apparently healthy elderly (68 ± 5 years) participants were randomized to 12 weeks of resistance training (3×/week) at either high-resistance (HIGH, 8 Males, 10 Females, 2 × 10-15 repetitions at 80% 1 RM), low-resistance (LOW, 9 Males, 10 Females, 1 × 80-100 repetitions at 20% 1 RM), or mixed low-resistance (LOW+, 9 Males, 10 Females, 1 × 60 repetitions at 20% 1 RM followed by 1 × 10-20 repetitions at 40% 1 RM). Serum was collected for BDNF assay at baseline and after 12 weeks (24 h-48 h after the last training). RESULTS 12 weeks of LOW+ exercise significantly increased BDNF levels in male (from 34.9 ± 10.7 ng/mL to 42.9 ± 11.9 ng/mL, time × group interaction p=0.013), but not in female participants. No significant change was observed in HIGH or LOW, neither in male nor female subjects. CONCLUSION Our results show that only the mixed-low-resistance training program with a very high number of repetitions at a sufficiently high external resistance was able to increase circulating BDNF in older male participants. Training to volitional fatigue might be necessary to obtain optimal results. Additional studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms, as well as to confirm the observed gender difference.
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Kim Y. The effect of regular Taekwondo exercise on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Stroop test in undergraduate student. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015; 19:73-9. [PMID: 26244125 PMCID: PMC4523808 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Taekwondo exercise on Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the Stroop test in undergraduate students. [Methods] Fourteen male subjects participated in this study. They were separated into a Control group (N = 7) and an Exercise group (N = 7). Subjects participated in Taekwondo exercise training for 8 weeks. They underwent to Taekwondo exercise training for 85 minutes per day, 5 times a week at RPE of 11~15. The taekwondo exercise training comprised an aerobic exercise (20min) mode and a dynamic exercise (65min) mode. All data were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA. [Results] There were no significant differences in the physical characteristics of the subjects. Although weight and BMI showed a tendency to decreased in the exercise group (EG). Also, neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF, IGF-1) were not significantly different after 8 weeks in the two groups. However, BDNF and IGF-1 showed a tendency to increase in the exercise group (EG). Finally, the Stroop test (word, color) results were significantly different(p < .05) in the exercise group (EG). [Conclusion] These finding suggest that 8 weeks of regular Taekwondo exercise training may increase cognitive functions (Stroop test). However the training did not statistically affect neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF, IGF-1) in undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngil Kim
- Department of Taekwondo, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Prestes J, da Cunha Nascimento D, Tibana RA, Teixeira TG, Vieira DCL, Tajra V, de Farias DL, Silva AO, Funghetto SS, de Souza VC, Navalta JW. Understanding the individual responsiveness to resistance training periodization. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9793. [PMID: 25971877 PMCID: PMC4430497 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) and undulating periodization (UP) on functional capacity, neuromuscular function, body composition, and cytokines in elderly sedentary women. We also aimed to identify the presence of high responders (HR), medium responders (MR), and low responders (LR) for irisin, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to resistance training (RT). Forty-nine elderly women were assigned to a control group, LP, and UP scheme. Functional capacity, body composition, maximal strength, irisin, TLR-4, BDNF, and IL-1β were evaluated. Both periodization models were effective in improving 45° leg press 1RM, chair-stand, arm curl, and time-up and go tests, with no significant differences in body composition and cytokines. Furthermore, HR, MR, and LR were identified for irisin, IL-1β, TLR-4, and BDNF, with differences between groups and moments. This study provides evidence that both periodization models were effective in improving functional capacity and neuromuscular function, with no effect on body composition and cytokines (probably as a consequence of the different responsiveness). Furthermore, for the first time, HR, MR, and LR were identified for irisin, IL1-β, TLR-4, and BDNF in response to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonato Prestes
- Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil,
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Hippocampal BDNF content in response to short- and long-term exercise. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:1163-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tsai SW, Chan YC, Liang F, Hsu CY, Lee IT. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor correlated with muscle strength in subjects undergoing stationary bicycle exercise training. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:367-71. [PMID: 25682570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Several central nervous disorders are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes. Reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the mechanism of central nervous dysfunction. BDNF is up-regulated after exercise, but it is not known whether increased BDNF is related to increases in muscle strength. METHODS In the present study, subjects with MetS or type 2 diabetes were enrolled in an exercise program. All participants underwent an indoor bicycle exercise program for twelve weeks. Serum BDNF was determined after overnight fasting. Muscle strength was assessed by extension of the dominant lower extremity. RESULTS A total of 33 subjects were enrolled in this study. The body mass index did not change significantly (from 30.4±6.0 to 30.2±5.8kg/m(2), P=0.436), but serum BDNF increased significantly (from 17.1±9.1 to 24.2±10.7ng/mL, P<0.001) after the study. The exercise-associated BDNF was significantly correlated with the increased strength in lower-extremity extension test (r=0.54, P=0.001). Using multivariate regression analysis, muscle-strength increment, but not body-weight change, was an independent factor for serum BDNF (95% CI=0.009-0.044, P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS After a twelve-week program of stationary bicycle exercise, serum BDNF concentration increased, and this change was positively correlated with muscle strength of lower-extremity extension, but not body weight. ( TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02268292, ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 404, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Center of General Education, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, TaichungVeterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Francois Liang
- Cycling & Health Tech Industry R&D Center, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chiann-Yi Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, TaichungVeterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Hristova MG. Metabolic syndrome and neurotrophins: effects of metformin and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug treatment. Eurasian J Med 2015; 43:141-5. [PMID: 25610182 DOI: 10.5152/eajm.2011.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MS) presents with central obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Our aim was to examine the effect of metformin treatment either alone or in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) on plasma levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in patients with early stage MS (MS-es) and generalized MS (MS-ge). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study compared 35 female patients with MS-es (mean age of 43.39±1.54 years) and 40 patients with MS-ge (mean age of 45.69±2.18 years) to 10 age-matched controls each. Patients with MS-es were administered 850 mg metformin twice daily. The patients with MS-ge were divided into two groups of 20 patients per group. One group received metformin alone, while the other group received metformin in combination with 500 mg aspirin and 150 mg Diclac daily. Plasma NGF and BDNF levels were measured by ELISA. Statistical data analysis was performed using ANOVA. RESULTS Plasma NGF and BDNF levels were significantly higher in MS-es patients and lower in MS-ge patients than in controls. NGF levels were decreased in both groups after treatment with metformin. NGF levels were significantly higher in MS-ge patients on combined therapy than in those on metformin only. CONCLUSION The combination of metformin and NSAID treatment is more effective than metformin alone on NGF and BDNF production as well as on metabolism-related anthropometric and laboratory features. This represents a pathogenetic therapeutic mechanism in MS due to its strong anti-inflammatory effect and improves MS-ge symptoms.
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Lee IT, Fu CP, Lee WJ, Liang KW, Lin SY, Wan CJ, Sheu WHH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, but not body weight, correlated with a reduction in depression scale scores in men with metabolic syndrome: a prospective weight-reduction study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:18. [PMID: 24524285 PMCID: PMC3925444 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a critical component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), is associated with depression. Deficiency of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the mechanism of depression. We hypothesized that weight reduction would improve depressive symptoms via increasing BDNF levels in obese men. METHODS Male adults with obesity were enrolled in a weight-reduction program for twelve weeks. All subjects underwent daily caloric restriction and an exercise program which was regularly assessed in group classes. Fasting blood samples and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS) scores were collected for assessments before and after the study. RESULTS A total of 36 subjects completed this program. The average reduction in body weight was 8.4 ± 5.1 kg (8.8 ± 5.1%, P < 0.001). Fasting serum BDNF significantly increased after the study (from 40.4 ± 7.8 to 46.9 ± 8.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001). However, the depression symptoms, as assessed by the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS), did not reduce significantly (P = 0.486). Divided into subgroups based on changes in BDNF, Zung SDS scores were significantly reduced in subjects with greater BDNF increase than in those with minor BDNF change (-3.9 ± 6.2 vs. 2.3 ± 6.7, P = 0.009). The increased percentage of BDNF was inversely correlated with the change in Zung SDS (r = -0.380, P = 0.022). Multivariate regression analysis showed that reduction in BDNF was independently associated with change in Zung SDS (95% confidence interval -0.315 to -0.052, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Zung SDS only significantly improved in men with increased fasting BDNF levels after a lifestyle intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION (NCT01065753, ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Po Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Jen Wan
- Department of Nutrition, Hung-Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Section 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:330-58. [PMID: 23997192 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "polypill" is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise, a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution. Compared with drugs, exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects. We summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive/therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
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Forti LN, Njemini R, Beyer I, Eelbode E, Meeusen R, Mets T, Bautmans I. Strength training reduces circulating interleukin-6 but not brain-derived neurotrophic factor in community-dwelling elderly individuals. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9704. [PMID: 25128203 PMCID: PMC4453935 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory profile (CLIP). Physical exercise could circumvent the deleterious effects of CLIP by influencing circulating inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic growth factors. This study aimed at assessing whether 12 weeks of progressive strength training (PST) influences circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 in elderly individuals. Forty community-dwelling persons aged 62-72 years participated. Twenty participants were assigned to 12-week PST (70-80 % of maximal strength, three times per week). Matched control individuals (n = 20) maintained daily activity levels. Serum was collected for BDNF, IL-6 and IL-10 assay from all participants before and after 12 weeks (for PST subjects 24-48 h after the last training). In PST, muscle strength was significantly improved (+49 % for leg extension, p = 0.039), and basal IL-6 levels significantly reduced (p = 0.001), which remained unchanged in control (p = 0.117). No significant change in BDNF was observed in PST subjects (p = 0.147) or control (p = 0.563). IL-10 was below the detection limit in most subjects. Gender and health status did not influence the results. Our results show that after 12-week PST, muscle performance improved significantly, and basal levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased in older subjects. However, serum BDNF was not altered. The lack of an observable change in BDNF might be due to a short-lived BDNF response, occurring acutely following exercise, which might have been washed out when sampling. Furthermore, blood levels of BDNF may not reflect parallel increases that occur locally in the brain and muscle. These hypotheses need confirmation by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Nuvagah Forti
- />Gerontology Department and Frailty in Aging Research (FRIA) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- />Gerontology Department and Frailty in Aging Research (FRIA) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingo Beyer
- />Gerontology Department and Frailty in Aging Research (FRIA) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
- />Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke Eelbode
- />Gerontology Department and Frailty in Aging Research (FRIA) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Meeusen
- />Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
- />School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony Mets
- />Gerontology Department and Frailty in Aging Research (FRIA) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
- />Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- />Gerontology Department and Frailty in Aging Research (FRIA) Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090, Brussels, Belgium
- />Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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